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A 

CYCLOPEDIA 


OF 


DRUG   PATHOGEN] 

ISSUED   UNDER   THE   AUSPICES    OF 

THE    BBITI8E    HOMOEOPATHIO    SOCIETY    . 
AMERICAN  INSTITUTE   OF  HOMOEOPA 

EDITED    BY 

RICHARD  HUGHES,  M.D.   |         J.  P.  DAKE, 

WITH   THE   AID   OF   THE    FOLLOWING   CONSULTATIVE   COM 


Grfoi  Britain, 
J.  DRYSDALE,  M.D. 
R.  £.  DUDGEON,  M.D. 
A.  C.  POPE,  M.D. 


Unit  id  Stati 
CONRAD  WESSEL 
E.  A.  FARRINGTC 
H.  R.  ARNDT,  M.] 


VOL.    I- 

Abies— Cannabis. 


LONDON: 
PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  BRITISH   HOMOEOPATHIC 

BY 

E.  GOULD  &  SON, 

HOMCEOPATHIC    CHEMISTS    AND    PUBLISHERS. 
59,  MOORGATE  STREET,  CITY,  E.C. 


NEW   YORK: 

BOERICKE    AND    TAFEL, 

145,  GRAND   STREET. 

1886. 


••••         •        •••• 

•     •   •  •  •  •   • 

i": :    :      •:  :.• 


•       •  •  • 


mm  ID  Bt  J.  1.  ADLAMB,  BABIBOLOXXW  CLOU. 


I  1  Ol 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Preface 

V 

Ammonia 

241 

Introduction 

vii 

Ammonium  muriaticum 

150 

Abies  nigra    . 

I 

Amyl  nitrosum 

.     »55 

Aciduin  aceticum 

2 

Anacardium  . 

.     263 

,y      benzoicum 

3 

Angustura     . 

.     167 

„      carbolicum 

4 

Antliemis  nobilis 

269 

„       citricum 

15 

Antimonium  . 

.     270 

,,       fluoricum 

"5 

„          tartaricum 

»73 

„      gallicum 

'9 

Apis 

310 

„       hydrocyanicum 

lO 

Apocynum  androsaemifolium 

322 

,f       lacticum 

35 

„         cannabinum 

3*3 

„       muriaticum 

37 

Arachnidae 

330 

„      nitricum 

38 

Aralia 

339 

„       nitro-muriaticum 

43 

Argentum 

340 

„      oxalicum 

44 

„        nitricum 

3  SO 

„       phosphoricum  . 

58 

Arnica 

379 

„       picricum 

60 

Arsenicum      . 

396 

„       sulphuricum     . 

70 

„        hydrogenisatum 

466 

„      tartaricum 

71 

Artemisia 

471 

Aconitum      . 

7* 

Arum 

475 

Aconitinum 

118 

Asafoetida 

.     479 

^sculus  glabra 

130 

Asarum 

.     490 

„        Hippocastanum 

»9 

Asclepias 

>» 

^thusa 

136 

Asparagus 

491 

Agaricus 

138 

Asterias 

494 

Muscarinum 

.        199 

Aurum 

•     49^ 

Agnus  castus 

101 

Baptisia 

•     5»» 

Ailanthus 

.        104 

Barium 

.     519 

Alctris 

.     no 

Belladonna 

.     5»6 

Allium  Cepa . 

.    »n 

Atropinum 

.     546 

„      sativum 

.    116 

Bellis 

.     571 

Aloe 

>» 

Berberis 

573 

Alumen 

»3» 

Bismuthum    . 

.     579 

Alumina 

.     »j6 

Borax 

.     584 

Ambra 

>» 

Bovista 

.     587 

Ammoniacum 

»> 

Bromum        • 

.     589 

iv 

CONTENTS. 

PAGE    j 

Bryonia 

619 

Calotropis 

Cactus 

.      65s 

Camphora 

Cadmium 

.      661 

Cannabis 

Caladium 

.     662 

Appendix 

Calcium 

.     664 

PREFACE. 


In  the  Introduction  which  immediately  follows  we  have  given  a 
full  account  of  the  origin^  nature,  and  objects  of  the  present  work. 
We  have  only  here  to  express  our  hearty  acknowledgments  of  the 
assistance  we  have  received  in  the  course  or  it  from  divers  of  our 
colleagues.  The  members  of  our  Consultative  Committees  (from  one 
of  which  we  have  to  lament  the  loss  of  Dr.  Farrington)  have  always 
been  ready  with  their  aid  when  called  upon.  Dr.  Dudgeon,  especially, 
has  been  of  invaluable  help ;  and  we  owe  to  him  the  bulk  of  the 
translations  from  the  German.  Other  special  contributors  in  this  way 
we  have  to  thank  are — Dr.  Galley  Blackley,  who  has  rendered  for  us 
the  provings  of  Jorg*s  Materialien  ;  Dr.  PuUar,  to  whom  we  owe  the 
version  of  the  Austrian  provings  of  Bryonia  ;  Dr.  J.  H.  Clarke,  to  whom 
we  are  indebted  for  much  of  our  Argentum  nitricum  \  and  Dr.  Lloyd 
Tuckey,  who  has  done  similar  work  for  our  Aurum  and  Camphora. 
Besides  these,  we  have  to  mention  gratefully  as  helpers  Drs.  Edward 
Blake,  Goldsbrough,  and  Herring,  and  a  layman,  Mr.  Raphael  Roche, 
of  London ;  Mr.  Rean,  of  Brighton  ;  Drs.  Imbert-Gourbeyre  and 
Guerin-Meneville,  of  France  j  Dr.  Rubini,  of  Naples ;  and  Drs. 
Ludlam,  Mohr,  and  Neidhard,  of  the  United  States. 

Presenting  now  our  first  volume  to  the  National  Societies  which 
have  authorised  us  thus  far  to  proceed  under  their  auspices,  we  trust  we 
may  continue  to  receive  their  endorsement  and  support. 

THE  EDITORS. 


June,  iS86. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  object  of  the  art  of  Medicine  is  the  cure  of  disease.  In 
pursuance  of  this  aim  the  practitioner  of  the  art — the  physician — 
presses  into  his  service  all  agencies  which  make  for  health.  Among 
these  are  medicines.  Medicines  are  substances,  taken  from  one  or  other 
of  the  kingdoms  of  Nature,  which  when  administered  to  a  sick  person 
modify  favourably  some  part  or  the  whole  of  his  morbid  state.  They 
are  discovered  either  empirically  or  rationally  ;  and  the  rational  mode 
of  arriving  at  them  is  by  inference  from  their  physiological  eifects.  To 
provide  for  such  inference  being  made^  all  treatises  on  Materia  Medica 
devote  large  space  to  the  action  of  drugs  on  the  healthy  organism, 
human  or  brute.  Considerations  of  space  oblige  their  authors  to  do 
this  by  way  of  summary  only,  sometimes  of  (more  or  less  theoretical) 
interpretation.  It  is  conceived  that  the  rational  application  of  drugs 
to  disease  will  be  greatly  furthered  by  the  presentation  in  detail  of  the 
original  experiments  and  observations  from  which  our  knowledge  of 
their  pathogenesy  is  derived.  The  gain  is  analogous  to  that  brought 
by  clinical  to  systematic  teaching  in  acquiring  the  knowledge  of  disease. 
The  latter  deals  necessarily  with  types  and  generalities  ;  the  former 
fills  in  the  outline  with  instances  in  all  their  living  variety* 

In  the  above-mentioned  considerations,  sketched  with  all  brevity, 
lies  the  philosophical  basis  of  the  present  work.  Its  actual  origin, 
however,  and  its  special  aims  require  a  more  extended  treatment. 

In  the  year  1796  Samuel  Hahnemann  published  in  Hufelandts 
yaurnal  an  essay  *'  On  a  New  Principle  for  Ascertaining  the  Curative 
rower  of  Drugs."  This  "  new  principle  "  was  their  selection  according 
as  their  effects  on  the  healthy  resembled  more  or  less  closely  the  features 
of  the  morbid  conditions  to  be  treated.  It  was  the  rule  afterwards 
formulated  as  "  similia  similibus  curentur  '* — let  likes  be  treated  by 
likes»  It  was  obvious  that  for  carrying  it  out  the  first  requirement  was 
a  full  knowledge  of  drug  pathogenesy, — much  fuller  than  was  afforded 
by  the  records  of  poisoning  and  over-dosing  which  were  then  available. 
Hahnemann  collected  these  from  all  sources  ;  but  he  completed  them 
by  carrying  out  a  vast  series  of  experiments  of  his  own.  That  which 
Magendie  began  some  ten  years  later  with  the  lower  animals,Hahnemann 
initfated  and  to  a  great  extent  accomplished  in  the  far  more  important 
field  of  the  human  subject.  His  Fragmenta  d£  Viribus  MidicamenUrum 
Positivis  (1805),  his  Ram-  ArxmimittelUhre  (1811  — 1833),  and  his 
Chrmschen  Krankhiiun  (1835 — 1839),  contain  pathogeneses  of  nearly 


!ti 


INTRODUCTION. 


one  hundred  media nes,  obtained  largely  by  **  pravings  '*  on  his 
person  and  those  of  his  friends  and  disciples,  The  impetus  thus  given 
has  never  lost  its  force  in  the  school  founded  by  him  ;  and  even  among 
the  followers  of  traditional  medicine  it  has  not  been  unfclt,  although 
it  has  too  often  expended  itself  in  the  comparatively  sterile  field  of 
experiment  on  animals*  The  result  is  an  immense  accumulation  of 
the  pathogenetic  material  required  for  working  the  homoeopathic  method* 
But  it  lies  scattered  in  books  and  journals  innumerable,  and  is  inac- 
cessible in  its  entirety  to  the  ordinary  student  and  practitioner.  For 
these — and  they  are  numbered  by  thousands — it  is  indispensable  that  a 
collection  of  drug  pathogencsy  should  be  made^  which  shall  be  avail* 
able  for  their  needs.  Compendious  statements  of  results  are  insuffi- 
cient hcre^  as  the  method  of  Hahnemann  requires  comparison  between 
the  totality  of  symptoms  on  the  two  sides.  For  homceopathic  practice, 
therefore,  even  more  than  for  other  therapeutic  applications  of  pharma* 
cology,  a  presentation  in  detail  of  the  original  records  is  desirable  and 
necessary. 

H       The  need  is  not  now  felt  for  the  first  time,  nor  is  this  the  earliest 

"attempt  to  supply  it.  The  Manual  of  Jahr,  the  Handhuch  of  Noack 
and  Trinks,  were  just  such  collections  brought  down  to  their  day — now 
forty  years  ago  ;  and  the  Encyciopadia  of  Dr,  Allen  (1874-1080)  has 
performed  a  similar  task  for  our  own  time.  In  the  face  of  its  existence 
— and  it  is  certainly  not  yet  superannuated — we  may  fairly  be  challenged 
as  to  our  warrant  for  coming  before  the  profession  with  .mother  com- 
pilation. 

^m        Our  answer  to  such  challenge  is  twofold. 

f        I .  First  of  all,  Dr.  Allen *s  work  is  avowedly  an  unnviud  edition  of 
the  homoeopathic  Materia  Medica.     He  has  felt  it  his  duty,  as  editor 
to  admit  all  published  provings   made  bona  fidi^  whatever  may  hay 
been  his  private  opinion  of  their  worth.     He  has  since  shown*  tll^ 
as  critic,  he  can  discriminate  as  keenly— or  almost  so^as  could 
desired  ;  but  this  does  not  purge  his  ten  volumes  of  their  too  abuoc 
dross.     Their  publication  has  brought  to  an  acute  crisis  the  dissatis, 
tion  which  had  Jong  smouldered  over  ^^x*%  ManuaL     It  has  been 
throughout  the  homoeopathic  body  that  the  time  has  come  for  rev' 
our  pathogenetic  material — for  making  an  attempt^  upon  definite 
ciples,  at  such  sifting  as  shall  retain  only  that  which  is  gcnuin^ 

■  the  dubious  and  the  worthless  shall  g<f  to  their  own  place. 
The  urgent  need  of  such  revision  the  editors  have  in  diver 
under  their  own   names,  sought  to  demonstrate. f     I«  thus 
they  have  but  taken  up  the  contention  of  many  a  precursor—* 
Muller,  Langheinz,  Roth,  Trinks,  Arnold,  Yeldham.J    The  r 
given  below  will  enable  anyone  who  desires  it  to  ascertain  th' 
on  which  they  and  we  have  based  our  pleadings.     On  l\ 
occasion  we  do  not  wish  to  enter  into  details  derogatory  to  ir 

•  See  his  articles  in  the  U^rth  Amn*  J^urn*  pf  Hom.^  1880-2, 

+  Sec  ^ram.  of  Amer.  Imt,  of  Hem,  tor  1857^  1873*  '874,  and  of 

Convention  of  1876;  Brit.  Journ.  of  Hom.^  >*75-5;  Nertk  Amer. 

Feb,,  1883  ;  7hf  KnvwUdgi  of  the  PhysieioH^  1884,  Sect,  iv  and  xii. 
X  Brit,  J$urn.  of  Horn.,  xxiv,  1  j  xxiii,  448  j  Monthly  Horn,  Rif 


INTRODUCTION. 


IX 


fe 


I 

I 


I 


workers  in  the  past,  and  painful  to  those  who — like  ourselves — so  sin- 
cerely respect  their  industry  and  good  intentions.  They  wrought 
according  to  their  light  ;  in  ours,  which  we  are  fain  to  think  brighter, 
we  must  submit  their  work  to  a  searching  scrutiny,  which  will  often 
lead  to  its  rejection.  This  is  best  done  mb  silentio^  as  we  have  mostly 
been  able  to  do  it.  If  any  are  disposed  to  challenge  our  action  in 
individual  cases,  we  shall  be  ready  to  give  our  reasons  for  behaving  as 
we  have  done.  But,  till  required  for  defence,  we  prefer  to  reserve  all 
accusations. 

2.  There  are,  moreover,  other  defects  in  Dr,  Allen's  work  which 
make  us  unable  to  rest  in  it  as  a  suiHcient  dealing  with  its  subject. 
Not  only  have  critics  found,^  but  its  editor  has  himself  acknowledgedf 
thai  the  translations  which  form  so  large  an  element  in  it  are  often 
incorrect.  We  need  not  sav  that  this  is  a  serious  matter,  and  to  the 
purely  English  reader  the  very  suggestion  of  such  a  thing  must  impair 
the  confidence  without  which  such  a  work  cannot  be  used.  Again,  in 
his  earlier  volumes  especially,  Dr,  Allen  has  too  frequently  worked 
with  second-hand  material,  and  has  thus  fallen  times  without  number 
into  the  pits  which  such  proceeding  opens  at  every  step.  Once  more, 
these  earlier  volumes  do  not  exclude  so-called  "  clinical  symptoms," 
— iV  e.  such  as  have  disappeared  during  the  use  of  the  medicines  under 
which  they  are  placed  ;  and  these  not  always  distinguished  from  their 
surroundings*  Dr.  Allen  has  indeed  intended  so  to  distinguish  them 
(by  the  usual  °  prefix)  j  but  has  frequently  taken  matter  from  com- 
pilations where  no  such  sign  is  used,  and  thus  given  as  pathogenetic 
(/,  g.  under  **  Calcarea  phosphorica  *'')  scores  of  symptoms  which  are 
obviously  of  clinical  origin. 

The  result  is  that  this  great  work,  in  which  is  garnered  up  all  our 
pathogenetic  wealth,  which  has  deservedly  superseded  Jahr^s  and  all 
other  compilations  as  our  Symptomen-Codex,  is  to  a  large  extent 
untrustworthy.  We  would  not  have  it  supposed  that  we  arc  unmindful 
of  the  vast  debt  homoeopathy  owes  to  its  editor  for  his  labours  upon  it. 
It  has  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Materia  Medica  of  the  future,  though 
itself  cannot  be  so  regarded  ;  and  if  the  present  undertaking  succeed  in 
taking  that  place,  it  must  ever  recognise  in  Dr.  Allen's  collection  the 
fountain-head  of  its  own  existence.  Without  its  life  ours  had  not  been. 
Guarding  ourselves  thus  against  misapprehension,  let  us  repeat — a  large 
part  of  the  Encyclopedia  of  Pure  Materia  Medica  is  untrustworthy,  and 
the  work  must  be  done  over  again. 

This  was  the  conclusion  arrived  at  by  the  British  editor,  after  a 
minute  examination  of  the  first  thirty  medicines  of  Dr.  Allen's  first 
volume.j  About  the  same  time,  in  the  presidential  address  delivered 
at  the  British  Homceopathic  Congress  of  1880,  Dr.  Yeldham  called 
attention  to  the  unsatisfactory  state  of  our  Materia  Medica,  and  urged 
action  being  taken  for  its  revision.  The  result  was  the  passing,  at  the 
instance  of  the  two  practitioners  just  named,  of  a  series  of  resolutions 

•  H&m*  Times^  Dec,  1879. 

t  •*  A  Crlticjil  RevUion  of  the  Encyclopaedia  of  Pura  Materia  Medlcn.**     (One 
pATl  only  publi^hetl,  including  Hahnemann's  medicines  ^s  far  as  Carbo  vegetabilis.) 
t  See  Appendix  to  Brit.  Jmrn,  of  Hom.^  vols,  xxxix  and  xl. 


INTRODUCTION. 


by    the    British  Homoeopathic    Society,    bearing    date    March,    1 881, 
declartng  the  time  to  have  come  for  such  reconstruction^  and  expressing  j 
its  readiness  to  undertake  the  task,     A  Committee  of  seven  membcn 
was  named  for  the  purpote,  and  instructed  to  present  specimen  medi* 
cines,  which  it  continued  to  do  during  the  next  two  years. 

In  the  meantime,  the  American  editor    had    been  appointed — in 
1882 — chairman  of  the  Bureau  of  Materia  Mcdica  in  the  American 
Institute  of  Homoeopathy  i  and  he  took  advantage  of  his  [X)sition  to  do 
something  towards  purging  our  symptomatology*     For  a  long  time  past 
he   had   advocated  a  thorough  re-proving  of  the  constituents  of  the 
Materia  Medica ;  but,  finding  the  profession  unwilh'ng  to  make  the 
necessary  efforts  for  this  purpose,  he  proposed  co-operation  with  whatH 
was  being  done  in  England  to  revise  and  re-prescnt  existing  material«f^ 
This  was  determined  on  in  1883,  and  much  corrcsponJence  ensued, — 
the  issue  of  which  was  a  vote  of  the  British  Society  that  Dr.  Hughes^     ' 
as   a   delegate   therefrom,  should  attend  the  annual   meeting   of  thoH 
Institute  in  June,  1884,  and  should  in  conference  with  the  members  of^ 
the  Bureau  endeavour  to  arrive  at  some  conclusion  which  might  be 
presented  to  the  two  national  bodies  for  their  acceptance*     The  result 
of  such  conference  was  a  decision  to  recommend  the  formation  of  a 
*  Cyclopaedia  of  Drug    Pathogenesy,'    to    be  carried  out    under  tho^ 
following  instructions ;  f 

**  I.  Give  the  scientific  kam£  akd  sykonyms  or  each  ajitjci# 

AND  ITS  NATURAL  ORDER. 

"IL  Give  a  narrative  of  all  provincs,  stating  the 

PTOMS  IN  THE  ORDER  OF  THEIR  OCCURRENCE,  WITH  SUCH  CONDENS/ 

AS  COMPLETENESS  ALLOWS. 

"IIL  Give,   in    describing   virulent   drugs,  such  seli 

CASES  AS  MAY  PROPERLY  ILLUbTRATE  THE    VARIOUS  FORMS  OF  PO| 
ING  BY  THEM,  CONDENSED  AS  BEFORE. 

"IV.  Give    the    results    of    experiments   on    the    i 

ANIMALS,  WHERE  OF  VALUE  ;    GENERALLY  IN  ABSTRACT. 

"  V.  Trace  all  versions  and  copies  to  their  qriginaj^ 

VERIFY,  CORRECT,  OR  REPRODUCE  THEREFROM. 

"VL  Include,  as   a   rule,  no   drug  that    has 

PATHOGENETIC  POWER  IN  TWO  OR  MORE  PERSONS. 

"  VIL  Include  in  the  narratives,  as  a  rule, 

REPORTED  AS  OCCURRING  FROM  A  DRUG  ADMINISTERED  TO  T 

"  VIIL  Include  no  symptoms  reported  as  occurrit 

PERSONS  OF  PROVERS  UNDER  THE  INFLUENCE  OF  OTHER  DRUC 
IN  CONDITIONS  OR  CIRCUMSTANCES  NOT  ALLOWING  A  CLE* 
TION    OF    THE     PATHOGENETIC     INFLUENCE     OF     THE    ARTI 

CONSIDERATION.  J 

^'IX.  Include  symptoms  reported  as  coming  frct 

TIONS  ABOVE  THE    I2TH  DECIMAL  ONLY  WHEN    IN   ACCOft' 
PTOM9  FROM  ATTENUATIONS  BELOW." 

This  recommendation  was  adopted  by  the  America 
subsequently  by  the  British  Society,  the  physicians  natf 
page   being  appointed    in   their  respective  countries  T 
sultees.  f 


iTICLf 

I 

Lif 


QRIGINAJ^ 
AS     NOV 
E,  NO  ^ 


INTRODUCTION. 


XI 


A  few  remarks  upon  the  rules  thus  formulated  may  now  advan- 
tageously be  made, 

1.  The  first  rule  needs  no  exposition.  Our  headings  are  to  be 
sufficient  to  identify  precisely  the  substance  whose  effects  we  are  to 
record,  and  to  indicate  its  natural  relations.  We  do  not,  it  will  be 
obscrvedj  propose  to  enter  into  its  pharmacy*  In  our  account  of  each 
proving  we  state  the  form  in  which  the  drug  was  employed  ;  and 
anything  more  than  this  would  be  irrelevant  to  a  Cyclopaedia  of 
Paihogenesy. 

2.  The  second  rule  prescribes  the  form  of  our  Materia  Medtca,  and 
is  of  the  utmost  importance.  Hahnemann  kept  in  manuscript  the 
daily  records  made  by  himself  and  his  fellow-provers  ;  publishing  them 
to  the  world  in  the  form  of  a  schema,  in  which  the  individual  sym- 
ptoms elicited  by  the  drugs  were  distributed  according  to  their  anato- 
mical seat.  Many  provers  of  his  school  have  imitated  him  in  so  doing. 
Others — like  the  Austrians — have  recorded  their  experiences  in  detail  j 
but  when  these  have  been  brought  together  for  the  use  of  the  student 
and  practitioner  it  has  hitherto  been  thought  necessary  to  cast  them 
also  into  schema  form.  In  this  respect  the  present  work  makes  an 
entirely  new  departure.  Whenever  we  have  provings  in  narrative,  we 
so  give  them ;  and  even  when  they  exist  only  in  a  schema,  we  have 
endeavoured — by  isolating  the  symptoms  of  each  prover,  and  arranging 
them  in  accordance  with  the  time-indications  generally  given — to 
restore  them  to  something  like  individuality  and  sequence. 

It  should  scarcely  be  necessary  to  vindicate  such  procedure.  Who, 
if  he  had  to  learn  disease  from  books,  would  be  content  to  have  the 
symptoms  of  a  given  malady  presented  to  him  in  the  Hahnemannian 
schema?  We  have  so  to  learn  drug- disease ;  and  as  he  would  crave 
for  clinical  cases  illustrating  the  evolution  of  each  disorder  in  its 
various  forms,  so  is  our  need  here.  In  the  series  of  narratives  given 
under  each  drug  we  have  as  many  varieties  of  its  specific  sick-making 
power,  from  which  we  can  learn  its  general  action,  its  kind  and 
character,  and  which  we  can  fit — as  likes  to  likes — to  the  cases  of 
disease  which  come  before  us. 

The  only  objection  to  such  presentation  of  our  provings  would  be 
the  voluminousness  of  the  result,  as  illustrated  in  the  104  pages  of  the 
Annah  of  the  British  Homceopathic  Society  required  for  the  patho* 
geneses  of  ten  of  the  acids,  and  the  16  pages  of  the  Brithh  Journal 
occupied  by  that  of  aconitinum.  But  here  comes  in  our  rule  of  con* 
densation,  not  contemplated  when  the  above-mentioned  were  compiled, 
but  since  illustrated  in  the  instances  of  carbolic  acid*  and  of  sulphur.f 
By  this  potent  solvent  a  considerable  reduction  of  bulk  can  be  effected, 
and  this  without  any  sacrifice  of  the  mi  nut  I  a  of  pathogenesis  so  justly 
prized  in  homoeopathy.  By  its  use,  moreover,  we  shall  be  enabled  to 
present  our  finer  and  poorer  material  in  just  proportion  :  the  former 
we  can  give  in  all  reasonable  fulness,  while  the  latter  will  bear  a  con- 
siderable degree  of  epitomising. 

But,  while  there  are  few  who  will  not  welcome  the  detailed  pro- 

♦  Monthly  Horn.  Re^v.  for  April,  tSSj. 
t  Afmali  for  Aug^ist,  i%%%. 


Xll 


INTRODUCTION. 


vings,  there  arc  some  who  aak,  **  Why  not  give  a  schema  in  icldi- 
tion  ?  "     The  answer  is,  first,  that  to  do  50  would  double  the  built  of 
the  work,  and,  by  greatly  increasing  the  labour  of  the  workers,  would 
treble  the  time  taken  in  its  accomplishment.     But,  secondly,  we  would 
reply  that  the  schema  is  quite  unnecessary  for  the  purpose  thought  ti 
be  subserved  by  it,  viz.  to  enable  the  practitioner  readily  to  find  m 
symptom  of  which  he  is  in  search.     This  he  can  always  do  by  m 
of  an  index.     Homocopathists  have  had  to  make  such  indices,  in  th< 
shape  of  repertories,  for  their  schemas  themselvc?  ;  the  latter  are  alike 
insufficient  without  them,  and  inadequate  as  substitutes  for  the  original 
narratives.     They  thus  fulfil  no  useful  purpose,  and  may  be  banished 
to  that  limbo  from  which  it  may  be  regretted   that  they  ever  arose 
Hahnemann  designed  the  schema  to  obviate  the  necessity  of  an  inde 
which  in  the  Fragmenta  de  V'mbui  he  had  given,  but  from  which,  in  thi 
more  extensive   Rtlne  ArxmlmttttlUhrt^  he  naturally  shrank.     This, 
indeed,  he  escaped  j  but  in  doing  so  he  ruined  his  text,  and  irrcparabl 
prejudiced  the  reception  of  his  work  by  the  profession  at  large.    Wc  ha 
taken  the  warning,  and  given  the  text  on  its  own  merits.     Then,  whe 
by  existing  repertories,  or  by  the  index  we  shall  ourselves  ultimatel 
compile,  a  drug  is  credited  with  any  symptom,  on  turning  to  its  patho 
genesis  the  practitioner  will  find  that  symptom  in  its  natural  place  an 
surroundings,  will  learn  how  it  was  elicited  and  in  what  connection 
arose.     In  this  way  symptomatic  prescribing  will  be  just  as  easy, and 
more  rational,  satisfying,  and  successful. 

3.  The  next  rule  is  : — ^"  Give,  in  prescribing  virulent  drug*,  such 
selected  cases  as  may  properly  illustrate  the  various  forms  of  jx)isoninj 
by  them,  condensed  as  before.''     That  we  should  give  toxical  effects  ' 
unquestionable,  but  how  to  do  so  admits  of  difference  of  opinion,     I 
the  volume  just  issued  by  the   Hahnemann  Publishing  Society 
Dudgeon  and  Hay  ward  have  included  in  their  articles  all  the 
poisoning  by  aconite  and  of  rattlesnake  bites  which  they  could 
record.     This  is  very  well  for  exhaustive  monographs,  where  sp? 
unlimited  ;  but  a  work  like  ours  would  be  swamped   by  such  1 
ceeding.     Nor  is  it  necessary.     Poisoning  elicits  the  general  rath< 
the  finer  actions  of  a  drug,  and   the  latter  are  fully  portrayed 
provings.     A  few  typical  cases  are  therefore  sufficient  to  illus|0 
recognised   forms   of  poisoning    by  each    substance,  as   dcsv 
treatises  on  toxicology  ;  and  to  these  may  be  added  any  excepv 
genuine  phenomena,  such  as  the  acute  rheumatism  once  indi' 
toxical  dose  of  colchicum.     In  this  way  Dr.  Dudgeon's  7' 
poisonings  have,  in  our  work,  been  reduced  to  13, 

4.  The  next  rule  directs  that,  in  addition  to  provings  and 
we  should  "  give  the  results  of  experiments  on  the  lower  ani 
of  value  ;  generally  in  abstract/'  We  know  the  objections  w 
of  our  school  have  made,  from  Hahnemann  downwards,  tqv 
derived  from  this  source.     We  recognise  their  justice,  w 
against  exclusive  or  even  predominant  reliance  on  such  exp 
but  wc  cannot  doubt  the  positive  value  of  it.     It  givr 
alike  for  pushing  and  for  analysing  drug-action  whic 
affords.     Take  bryonia,  for  instance  \  how  valuable  ifr 


10. 

I 


ion,     i' 


INTRODUCTION. 


xiii 


derived  from  the  animals  poisoned  with'it  in  the  Austrian  provings  as 
to  its  power  of  inflaming  the  serous  membranes !  How,  again,  could 
we  do  without  the  addition  to  our  knowledge  of  phosphoric  inEuence 
supplied  by  Wegner's  experiments  on  rabbits  ?  With  the  proviso — 
^^ where  of  value,'*  and  the  limitation — "generally  in  abstract,"  we 
think  that  nothing  has  been  lost,  and  much  gained,  by  following  this 
rule. 

5.  Rule  V  is  a  very  imporunt  instruction.  No  one  who  has 
not  analysed  a  number  of  pathogeneses,  as  now  existing  in  Jahr  or 
Allen,  can  have  any  idea  of  the  number  of  errors  there  are  to  correct — 
errors  resulting  sometimes  from  haste  or  misapprehension,  but  most 
commonly  from  working  with  second-hand  material.  The  fact  is  that 
all  our  bookmakers  have  been  copying  one  from  another,  and  accumu- 
lating faults  as  they  have  gone  on  ;  so  that  our  symptom-lists  are  made 
of  shoddy  instead  of  new  cloth.  In  the  revised  Materia  Medica  we  have, 
whenever  possible  (and  it  is  rarely  otherwise),  gone  back  to  the  originals  i 
so  that  in  substance,  as  well  as  in  form,  its  pathogeneses  may  be  fresh 
from  Nature's  mint. 

We  now  come  to  the  rules  of  sift,  embracing  those  from  the  Vlth  to 
the  IXth  inclusive. 

6.  The  Vlih  says  :  "  Include,  as  a  rule,no  drug  that  has  not  shown 
pathogenetic  power  in  two  or  more  persons/'  While  a  certain  discre- 
tion is  allowed  here,  to  prevent  the  rejection  of  obviously  vaJuable 
matter,  a  security  is  given  in  the  direction  of  trustworthiness  which 
most  will  welcome.  It  proceeds  upon  the  ancient  canon  that  ''at  the 
mouth  of  two  or  three  witnesses  every  truth  shall  be  established.*'  It 
reduces  to  a  minimum  the  peril  of  mistaking  coincidences  for  drug- 
elFects,  and  so  loading  the  Materia  Medica  with  inert  and  useless 
constituents* 

7.  The  next  is  :  "  Include  in  the  narratives,  as  a  rule,  no  symptoms 
reported  as  occurring  from  a  drug  administered  to  the  sick,"  Here, 
too,  we  have  allowance  made  for  exceptions  ;  there  arc  observations 
made  on  patients,  such  as  those  of  Grandi,  Michea,  and  Lussana^  with 
atropia  in  epileptics,  which  are  of  indubitable  value.  But,  as  a  rule, 
Hahnemann's  caution  holds  good — "how,  even  in  diseases,  amid  the 
symptoms  of  the  original  malady  the  medicinal  symptoms  may  be 
discovered,  is  a  subject  for  the  exercise  of  a  higher  order  of  inductive 
minds,  and  must  be  left  solely  to  masters  in  the  art  of  observation/' 
The  examination  of  his  pathogeneses  has  revealed  how  sadly,  even  in 
his  bands,  this  mode  of  obtaining  symptoms  has  been  abused  j  and  still 
more  disastrous  has  it  been  when  adopted  by  followers  less  discriminative 
than  himself.  Our  wisdom  is  to  reject  /ram  thi  AlaUria  Medica 
supposed  drug-elFccts  thus  derived.  They  belong  rather  to  clinical 
guides  and  therapeutic  hints,  where  their  dubious  worth  need  not 
prevent  their  tentative  employment  in.  practice. 

8.  Rule  VIII,     This  instruction  va  sans  dire, 

9.  Last,  we  come  to  the  difficult  question  of  the  employment  of 
provings  with  infinitesimal  doses.  The  rule  respecting  it  stands  thus  ; — 
"  Include  symptoms  reported  as  coming  from  attenuations  above  the 
K 2th  decimal  only  when  in  accord   with  symptoms   from  attenuations 


XIV 


INTRODUCTION. 


below."  This  was  the  only  point  on  which  any  difference  of  opinion 
was  expressed  at  the  meeting  of  the  American  Institute;  but  though  , 
one  or  two  members  advocated  the  omission  of  the  rule,  they  couldl 
gain  little  support  for  their  amendment.  In  truth,  some  limitation 
must  be  made;  this  sort  of  things  as  Hahnemann  said  for  the  high- 
potentisers  of  his  day^  cannot  go  on  ad  infinitum.  He  proposed  the 
30th  as  the  limit  for  the  sick.  We  choose  the  6th  for  the  healthy — 
which,  having  regard  to  the  difference  of  susceptibility  in  the  two  states, 
seems  fairly  correspondent.  So  reasonable  is  it,  that  although  two  out 
of  the  seven  members  of  the  Materia  Medica  Bureau  were  avowed 
partisans  of  high  dilutions,  the  rule  received  their  assent.  It  must  be 
regarded  simply  as  a  working  compromise.  It  involves  no  judgment  as 
to  the  activity  of  attenuations  above  the  6th  ;  it  docs  not  even  exclude 
effects  referred  to  them  if  in  accord  with  those  obtained  from  more 
appreciable  quantities  j  it  simply  leaves  out,  as  lacking  sufficient  evidence, 
symptoms  occurring  solely  under  their  supposed  influence.  It  is  possible 
that  some  few  genuine  drug-effects  may  thus  be  omitted  ;  but  this  chance 
is  more  than  outweighed  by  the  certaint)-  of  the  greater  acceptablenessj 
of  pthogeneses  so  limited. 

Guided  by  the  foregoing  instructions,  we  have  prepared  the  hundred 
or  more  pathogeneses  which  fill  the  present  volume.  From  the  first 
we  have  invited  the  criticism  of  our  colleagues,  with  the  view  of 
making  subsequent  issues  more  generally  acceptable ;  and  have  dili- 
gently perused  the  notices  of  the  successive  parts  contained  in  the 
homoeopathic  journals  of  the  world.  From  our  second  part  onwards 
we  have  practised  condensation  with  less  unsparing  hand,  our  first 
essays  of  this  kind  being  (sometimes  justly)  regarded  as  over-severe. 
The  Appendix  to  the  fourth  part  contains  reparations  of  this  error, 
with  all  corrigenda  and  addenda  that  have  come  to  the  editors'  know- 
ledge. Each  volume  will  contain  a  similar  supplement,  bringing  our 
knowledge  down  to  the  date  of  its  publication. 

A  few  remarks  must  now  be  made  upon  special  features  in  our 
work. 

I.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  pathogeneses  of  Hahnemann  and  hfs 
fellow-provers  are  simply  referred  to,  and  are  not  incorporated  in  our 
text.  This  proceeding  (which  was  among  our  instructions)  arises  from, 
no  light  esteem  of  the  materials  in  question,  many  of  which  we  regard  ' 
as  of  the  highest  value.  Such  as  they  are,  however,  we  think  that  they 
should  remain  the  heritage  of  the  profession  in  the  form  in  which 
Hahnemann  bequeathed  them.  We  have  no  means  of  verifying,  correct- 
ing, illuminating  them,  or  of  re-forming  their  order  (the  day-books  of 
the  provers  not  being  extant).  The  materia  Medica  Pura  and  the 
Chronic  Diseases ^  translated  into  the  English  tongue,  must  be  regarded  as 
the  earlier  volumes  of  the  present  series.  Our  index  will  include  them, 
and  they  should  be  possessed  by  every  student  of  drug  pathogenesy. 

a.  We  have  adopted,  after  Pereira,  two  sizes  of  type, — the  smaller 
being  u&ed  for  minor  medicines,  and  for  matter  of  inferior  importance 
or  quality  bearing  upon  drugs  of  higher  rank.  In  this  way  we  have 
been  able  to  include  much  which  would  have  been  missed  j  but  with 


INTRODUCTION. 


XV 


which  we  should  not  have  felt  justified  in  burdening  the  student,  were 
no  indication  given  of  its  merely  secondary  value.  As  it  is,  he  may 
pass  over  all  matter  in  small  type,  at  any  rate  in  his  earlier  studies  j- 
while  the  practitioner  will  find  nothing  omitted  which  has  any  claim 
to  be  regarded  as  genuine  and  instructive, 

3,  The  abbreviations  we  have  employed  are  few  and  obvious,— as 
*'m/'"e/'^'n/'  for  morning,  evening,  nfght,  '*d/'  "h.*'  "m/'  for 
day,  hour,  minutCi  "n"  *'X"  for  right  and  left.  Occasionally 
*'  m,m.  *^  is  used  for  mucous  membrane.  Our  chief  verbal  condensa- 
tion has  been  effected  by  leaving  out  the  articles ;  which  can  always  be 
supplied  from  the  reader's  own  mind. 

And  now  a  word  as  to  this  reader, — as  to  the  persons  for  whom  the 
present  work  is  designed.  It  seems  to  be  the  impression  of  some  that 
our  Cyclopaedia  is  a  mere  luxury  of  pathogenesy,  quite  beyond  the 
requirements  of  the  student  and  the  practitioner,  and  only  really 
valuable  to  the  teacher  or  writer  on  the  subject.  This  view  appears  tOj 
us  entirely  mistaken.  It  shows  how  injurious  has  been  the  influenci 
of  the  schemas  which  have  hitherto  reigned  in  the  homoeopathic  school," 
that  when  pure  pathogenetic  knowledge,  in  its  primary  form,  is 
presented  to  the  mind,  there  seems  but  little  relish  for  it.  We  hold 
that  the  true  way  of  learning  the  physiological  action  of  drugs  is  the 
study  of  a  series  of  cases  illustrating  the  disorder  they  cause.  Intro- 
ductions should  precede,  such  as  the  student  gets  from  the  lectures  he 
hears  ^  and  commentaries  should  follow,  analytic  and  exegetical,  made 
best  by  himself,  but  supplied  in  abundance  by  the  text-books  he  has  at 
command.  Between  the  two,  however,  as  for  the  student  of  disease 
there  is  the  observation  at  the  bedside,  for  the  student  of  drug-action 
there  should  be  the  clinical  records  of  pathogenesy,  as  we  have  them 
in  the  present  volume.  They  will  be  found  full  of  life  and  meaning  ; 
and  Materia  Medica,  hitherto  the  dullest  and  most  hopeless,  will 
become  the  most  interesting  of  studies. 

For  the  student,  then — whether  one  actually  in  statu  pupillariy  or 
one  become  such  by  the  necessity  of  learning  the  fresh  therapeutics  of 
homoeopathy, — for  the  student  this  work  is  primarily  designed*  For 
him  we  trust  that  it  will  supersede  altogether  the  dreary  symptom-lists 
with  which  he  has  so  long  been  burdened.  To  the  practitioner  it  does 
not  so  obviously  appeal^  and  he  must  wait  till  the  index  is  made  ere  he 
can  use  it  for  reference  in  actual  practice.  But  in  the  meantime,  if  he 
be  alive,  he  must  still  in  some  degree  be  a  student,  and  may  learn  many 
a  new  truth  concerning  his  most  familiar  remedies  by  perusing  these 
records  of  their  action — not  to  speak  of  deliverance  from  illusions. 

Possessed  with  such  convictions,  we  commend  this  first-fruit  of  our 
toil  to  the  acceptance  of  the  homoeopathic  body,  for  whose  advantage 
wc  hope  in  a  kw  years  more  to  complete  the  remainder  of  our  task* 


I 


CYCLOPiEDIA 


OF 


DRUG    PATHOGEN ESY. 


ABIES   NIGRA. 

AhUi  mgray  Poir.    Black  Spruce.    Nat.  Ord.,  Conifene, 

I.  Prvvings,"!,  MissL.,  act.  19,  sanguine  temp.,  very  healthy,  proved  saturated 
solution  of  gum  in  alcohol  at  98°.  From  2  drops,  no  perceptible  effects ;  after  3  did 
not  sleep  as  well  as  usual,  and  had  a  little  headache ;  after  4,  very  hungry,  and 
wakefiil  at  n.,  bad  feeling  in  head ;  pain  after  a  hearty  meal.  After  5  drops, 
chokinfiT  sensation  in  throat ;  easily  out  of  breath  ;  pains  in  bones ;  dulness  during  d., 
but  wakefulness  at  n.;  headache, commencing  i  h.  after  dose,  until  i  h.  before  next} 
pain  in  small  of  back  ;  severe  pain  in  stomach,  extending  to  1.  side  ;  is  very  low  spirited 
and  exceedingly  hungry.  After  7  drops,  headache  increased;  alternate  heat  and 
cold;  bad  dreams.  Continuing  to  eet  worse,  she  left  off  proving.  (Dr.  Seaman, 
Ohio  Med.  and  Surg.  Reporter y  1,  85.) 

%.  Miss  B.,  St.  19,  dark  hair  and  blue  eyes,  took  same  tinct.,  2  drops  twice 
daily  fdr  2  d.,  then  3  drops  in  same  way.  Some  sense  of  fatigue.  After  4  drops, 
distressing  pain  in  stomach ;  after  5,  nervousness  with  dizziness.  After  6  drops, 
cheeks  flushed,  head  hot,  severe  headache ;  total  anorexia  in  m.,  but  great  craving  for 
food  at  noon  and  n. ;  pains  and  achinjg^  in  bones  $  inability  to  think  or  study  j  very 
melancholy ;  sleepy  during  d.,  but  restless  at  n.  Continued  6  drops  during  3  d. ;  all 
symptoms  increased,  especially  pain  in  stomach,  which  remained  some  days  after 
omitting  drug,  actually  worse  than  during  proving.  Constipation  during  proving, 
but  still  more  for  weeks  after  it.  Catamenia  missed  twice  :  no  irregularity  before. 
Forced  by  sense  of  illness  to  discontinue  proving.     (Ibid.) 

3.  Dr.  St.  Clair  Smith  has  frequently  found  chewing  the  gum  produce  sensa- 
tion as  of  an  undigested  hard-boiled  egg  in  stomach.  (Allen*s  Encyclopadiay 
1,2.) 

4.  Aug.  loth,  11.30  p.m. — I  took  10  drops  of  i8th  potency.  After  about 
)  h.  I  felt  a  severe  pain  in  or  about  meatus  auditorius  extemus,  which  continued  to 
increase  for  5  m.  or  more,  and  then  gradually  subsided.  The  pain  was  quite  peculiar 
and  different  from  anything  I  ever  before  experienced.  This  was  followed  by  slight 
dyspnoea,  which  was  increased  by  lying  down.  It  soon  subsided,  however,  and  I 
slept  immediately  after  retiring,  which  I  think  was  soon  after  midnight.  I  felt  no 
symptoms  on  the  following  day,  and  at  10.30  p.m.  I  took  10  drops  more,  and 
retitVd  in  about  half  an  hour.  Soon  after  lying  down  I  felt  a  choking  suffocating 
sensation,  as  though  my  lungs  were  compressed,  so  that  I  could  not  fully  expand  them. 
(1  had  experienced  a  similar  sensation    several    years   ago,  when  labouring  under 

1 


ACIDUM  ACETICUM- 

&OTnt  di<;orJer  of  the  che^t,)  There  winsome  im'rca*et!  action  of  the  heart;  li  di 
not  heat  histcr  than  i»ual,  but  harder,  that  U,  the  voSume  ot  blood  which  rntercd 
seemed  to  bt  greater.  The  pain  in  meatus  of  i.  car  waA  doC  mj  marked 
on  e«  previous^  bur  sit  11  it  wuh  pLiinlv  present.  It  seemed  on  thU  occa&ion  to  fli 
about,  not  leitHng  down  on  a  single  point.  A»one.  prtviou*,  the«*e  *ymptomi 
tinyed  ior  i  5  or  20  m.^and  then  sub^kUd  and  did  not  return.  On  the  ikitixcrding  da; 
I  took  5  drc)p&  I  ttmr^  a  day,  but  did  not  develop  any  new  «ymptom^  The  »yti 
ptom*  before  mentioned  were  present,  but  were  not  w  marked  a^  on  the  form 
^m  occasions,  Aug.  iSth,  I  took  6  drop*  of  the  9th  potency  in  c.,  but  did  not  pcrcei' 
^^H  any  symptoms.  The  next  e.  I  took  12  dropA  of  the  t;th,  and  developed  in  a  marki 
^^"  degree  the  same  symptoms  as  after  10  drops  of  the  i8th.  Nothing  new,  howe 
■  appeared.     I  followed  thi^  up  by  taking  6  to  1 5  drops  of  the  9th|  but  I  think  I 

I  tne  plaine&t  re^ult^  from  about    la  drops  of  this   potency,      I    have  taken  varioi 

I  potencies  from  the  tincture  up  to  the  3010^  and  have  invariably  confirmed  the  pnivinif, 

I  to  wit,  pain  in  external  meatuii,  heavy  slow  beating  of  heart,  dy^pncra^  and,  finally 

I  sharp  cutting  pain*  in  the  heart,     Thi*  lait  was  very  severe  from  the  50th,  »o  wrvere 

I  that  I  was  obliged  to  take  Aconite  to  antidote  it.     (J.  B.  BSLL,  hi  J}.,  AUen*« 

I  Mftcyclrfa^jM,  x,  241,] 

I 


Absinthium.    See  Artemisia  Absinthium. 


ACIDUM   ACETICUM. 


Acetic  acid.      Sour  principle  of  vinegar^ — product  of  acetous  fermentatioii  of 
wine,  &c,,  and  of  pyroligneou*  acid—  result  of  dcstniciive  di^Uation  of  wood. 

I.  Frtnfimgs  atfJ  Ohser*vathfts. — 1,  Beiridce   records  three  case«^  and  HeUtMO 
one,  in  which  vinegar  habitually  produced  Aui^hing  of  face.     In  one  ca»e  ihi«  latt 
for  hours :  in  two  heat  accompanied,  in   one  of  these  and  one  other  perspintioi 
(M.  H,  R.t  XV,  aqj  5  if.  7.  of  H,  M,  Af,,  ix,  145,  viii,  111.) 

a.  Threadlike  and  noticeably  retarded  puUe,  and  decrease  of  i*  J5°  F.  in  tempei 
ture,  after  foot-bath  of  strong  vinegar.     (BoBitiK,  in    Ziemssen's  Cydop^Jia^  3m! 
346.) 

3,  Gmelin  frequently  drank»  more  or  lew  diluted,  jij  to  Jiv  of  pure  pyrolignr 
acid.     Only  local  effects  were  noticed, — burning  when  acid  was  taken  ^rong, 
always  salivation,  eructations,  nausea,  and  tendency  to  vomit   Symptoms  lasteti  1- 
hrs.     {Hygeay  x,  19a.) 

II.  roisomtfgs, —  i.  Woman  took  over  a  pint  of  vinegar.     When  seen  3  h,  t 
was  in  cold  perspiration,  trembling,  and  much  alarmed.     Breathing  very  lah^ 
and  hurried  i  countenance  wild,  pupils  dilated ;  tongue  dry  and  cold  j  pulse  9 
feeble  ^  abdomen  much  distended,  with  very  acute  pain  in  pr^cordia,  slightest  f 
there  causing  her  to  shriek  out.     Had  drunk  largely  of  water.     Knew  no  0 
recollected  nothing  since  taking  vinegar.     No  pain^  heat,  or  constriction  • 
After  6  h.  headache,  and  after  a  d.  xbght  continued  fever,     (DaVID,   Bg 
and  Surg,  J^mrn.^  xxxvii,  134.) 

1.  A  plump  and  bioorning  young  woman  took  small  glass  of  vtnegt 
reduce  site.     Soon  lost  ileish  and  colour;  after  a  month   cough   set  in,  nl 
slight  fever^  dyspnoea,  waMing,  night-sweats  anorexia,  finally  ccdema  of  fl 
diarrhoea,  and  death.     No  blood  or  pu»  expectorated^  but   much  white 
phlegm.      At    autnp^    lungs   found    stuffed   with   non-suppurating    tt 
(Desault,  Oisu  de  Mcitkmt^  1733,  i.  367.) 

3,  A  nursing  woman  took  large  quantities  of  Acet.  ro^arum.     Milk 
dilute  (sp.  gr.  1001'-),  bluish  and  almost  transparent,  of  sour  taste  and 
waited  and  died  with  diarrhoea.     Later,  mother  alvo  sickened,  bccam' 
chronic  metrorrhagia,  and    dwindled    to    a    skeleton.     (LaNDERE^ 
Reptrtorium,  1847,  xlv,  54.) 

4.  A  young  German  worked  for  i  a  mos.  in  a  vinegar  factory. 
U  off,  and  sleep  became  broken  (taking  food  promoted  it),    Lateri 


tc4^ 


ACIDUM  BENZOICUM.  3 

back,  felt  as  if  abdomfo  would  sink  in,  causing  laboured  breathing.     Rested  better 

on  abdomen.     Cold  drinks  lay  heavy  on  stomach  and  caused  pressure  s  cold  victuals 

also  distasteful.     From  florid  became  pale  ami  thin.     Vegetables  now  disagreed,  save 

p  putatoen  i  bread  also,  and   still  more   butter ;  had   aversion  to  silted  things.     Meat 

tctmld  be  taken  sparingly  ;  cheese  and  eggs  agreed.     Food   tasted  right,  but  went 

down    with  difficulty,   causing   slow  eating.     Tongue  normal.     Grirvtd  much,  and 

btghed  often,  which  relieved.     Going  upstairs  was  very  difficult.     Treatment  (with 

'Natr.  mur.)  relieved,  and  he  was  able  to  drink  cold  beer  again;    but  later  symptoms 

returned,  with  increased  dyspncra  and  ready  fatigue,  so  that  he  had  to  leave  factory. 

(H£RtMC,  J.  7.  9/  H,  M.  M,j  viii,  laz.)      [The  ascription  of  the  above  symptoms 

to  the    vinegar  may  fairly   be  questioned.     Nevertheless,  as  this  seemed  to  be  the 

exciting  cau^,  it  has  been  fhougnt  well  to  put  them  on  record,  as  their  minute  detail 

would — should  their  genuineness  be  confinncd  — be  veiy  instructive, — Eds.] 


ACIDUM   BENZOICUM 

Benzoic:  acid«  The  peculiar  principle  of  all  true  baUams.  Ordinarily  obtained 
by  sublimation  from  gum  benzoin,  the  concrete  juice  of  the  Styrax  benzoin  of  Peru. 

L  Provirtgs. — I.  ScHREIBER  took  in  two  days  about  i  oz.  in  divided 
doses,  and  experienced  feeling  of  abdominal  warmth  spreading  over 
whole  body,  accompanied  by  increase  of  pulse- rate  by  30  beats,  and 
by  mcrcased   perspiration   and   excretion   of  phlegm,  with   slight  dis- 

kturbance  of  digestion  and  some  confusion  of  head,     (Stille,  Mat. 

^ Mid,^  sub  voce.) 

a.  KitLER  took  before  bedtime  about  37  grs.  in  syrup.  During 
night  perspired  strongly,  which  was  probably  effect  of  acid,  as  he  was 
in   general  with   great  difficulty  made  to   freely  perspire.      He  could 

[perceive  no  other  effect,  even  when,  next  day,  he  took  same  dose  three 
times  \  nor  did  perspiration  recur.  Urine  voided  next  morning  was 
unusually  acid,  and  yielded  considerable  amount  of  hippuric  acid,  but 
also  contained  normal  proportion  of  uric  acid  and  urea.*  (LiEBio's 
Ann*  d,  Chem,  u.  Pharm^  xliii,  109.} 

3.  LiNGEN  took  of  a  solution  in  alcohol,  gr,  \  to^j,  5  drops  ni.  and 
e.  for  9  d.  On  first  3  d.  had  frequent  pulse.  On  n.  of  4th  d,  was 
awakened  after  midnight  with  violent  pulsation  of  heart  and  temporal 
arteries  (110  in  minute),  without  external  heat,  and  could  not  sleep 
again.  In  m*,  tongue  was  covered  with  white  mucous  coat ;  there  was 
nausea  and  total  loss  of  appetite.  By  4  p.m.  these  symptoms  had 
vanished  ;  but  every  n.  for  8  weeks  afterwards  he  awoke  with 
strong  internal  heat,  and  hardj  bounding,  but  not  quickened  pulse,  so 
that  he  must  lie  awake  upon  his  back,  because  of  puffing  in  his  ears 
from  pulsation  of  temporal  arteries,  preventing  his  falling  asleep  again. 
Urine  was  at  first  only  increased  in  quantity,  not  in  frequency.     In  a 

•  It  WIS  at  first  thought  that  benzoic  was  changed  into  the  more  nitrogetious  hip- 
puric acid  at  the  expense  of  eirher  the  uric  acid  (lire)  or  the  urea  (Ganod).  The 
rrxuln  of  Keller,  however,  have  generally  been  obtained.  The  conversion  seems  to 
take  place  in  the  kidneys.  It  is  stated  hy  Booth,  Boyc,  and  Martin,  as  the  result  ui 
their  experiments  {Iranu  Amer.  Phil  Soe,,  1865,  p.  185),  that  the  quantity  oi 
liipimric  acid  ubtaincd  from  the  urine  is  greater  by  one-third  than  that  of  the  beiiioJc 
acHt  taken.— Ed $, 


AaOUM  BENZOICUM. 


few  days  micturition  Hecame  exceedingly  frequent,  with  strong  pmsiog. 
Urine  of  aromatic  odour  and  saline  taste  ;  odour  long  retained  ^  mOAt 
in  forenoon.  Other  symptoms  were : — On  two  forenoons  in  fuCGCi^ 
sion^  whilst  sittings  pressure  on  vertex  and  spinal  column,  as  if  these 
were  pressed  together  by  an  elastic  body  (?),  so  that  he  bent  himself 

I  involuntarily,  stretching  forwards  ;  this  sensation,  without  being 
painful,  is  productive  of  extraordinary  anxiety.  Stitching  and  burning 
first  in  r,  great  toe,  then  in  1.  (m.,  whiht  lying  down)*  On  9th  d., 
feeling  of  coldness  of  knees  as  if  blown  upon  by  a  cold  wind.     [^Maim 

I  Atid,  cf  American  Pr&vings.) 

4,  NussLR  look  gr.  So  of  md  trit,  at  orvc  do*c  (gr.  o'laj  of  >cid)*  Oi>  itt  d, 
had  uncommon  dt&t-hB.rge  of  flatus  downwards  in  afternoon  and  e. ;  in  e,  ilne  icitchrt 
in  anu&i  in  middle  of  chest,  in  outer  r  arm  and  inner  1. 9  in  bed»  stitcher  in  chest  on 
deep  inspiration,  and  slight  general  perspiration;  sleep  lomewhat  disturbed  by 
dreams,  and  d. — In  m.,  \n  bed,  some  itweat^  especially  an  face,  with  moderate  heat. 
Slight  cough,  immediately  after  rising ;  m  middle  of  cheit  pain  at  limes  a  kind  cit' 
fttitch ;  breath  at  time?*  somewhat  vpbistlJng.  Dccp-%eated  tearing  and  ^titi  (iItut  in 
several  jcjtntii,  especially  of  hands  and  feet ,  fingers  appear  %wallrn»  a  ri  <.'» 

too  small.     From   3rd  to  7th  d.  $^ame  »ensafioni  in  jomt«^  and  |!ingcrs  n  uc* 

what  swollen.  On  7th  d.  constant  fine  but  violent  stitches  in  upper  hepatic  regioii, 
sup r racial,  not  worse  on  pressure.  On  6th  and  7th  d,  tound  him>«lf  cunuantly 
omitting  words  in  writingi— an  unprecedented  thing  with  him.  By  8th  d*  ftyinptoiiit 
bad  vanished.     (Herinc,  Amer.  AruteiprufMngtn.) 

AciDUM  BoRACicuM.     Sce  Borax* 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM, 

Carbolic  acid,  phenic  acid,  CH^O.     Obtained  from  coal  tar  by  fractional  dti 
tion  and  puriBcation, 

L  ProFuings, —  f.    Dr.    Bacmeister,  set.  39,  of  ncrvous-sanguiy 
temperament.     Feb*  7th,   f  ive  drops  of  ist  on  sugar  caused  sense 
freedom  and  expansion  in  lungs  (5  m,)  ;  coryxa  in  open  air  only  ( 
m.)  ;    frontal  headache^  slight  (1  h.) ;  crampy  stitch  in  J.  groin  (2  1 
lith.  Five  drops  of  I2th  caused,  vtry  soon,  slight  heat  in  1,  face  f 
forehead,  and  in   15  m.  sense  as  of  fine  electric  sparks  in  1*  ala  r 
sternal  end  of  r.  clavicle,  middle  finger  of  I.  hand,  and  vertex 
succession.     It  changed  slowly  to  a  pricking  itching,  with  det 
rub,  and  relief  therefrom*     After  dinner  long-continued  hiccoug 
in  e.  entire  disinclination  to  study,    Twod.  after,  swelling  and  f 
of  I.  cheek,  opposite  molars»     Throughout  and  subsequently 
much  free rthanusual,     ( Proving — CarMic  Acid^  C h i ca go,  1 8 * 

2.    Dr,    HoYNE.      Sanguine-bilious  j    very    susceptible   t^ 
Jan,  20th,  Took  5  drops  of  6th  cent.     Slight  and  transient 
pains,  or  tingling  itchings,  were  felt  in  various  parts ;   but  th 
more   persistent   burning    pain   in  vertex  and   r,  temple,  w 
flatulence  and  eructation,  and  at  one  time  incessant  yawnir 
red  blood  was  blown  from  nose  in  e,     30th-  Same  dose, 
and  itchings,  flatulence,  yawnings  and  headache  recurred 
also  constant  inclination  to  cough,  and  :K>rene&s  on  pressu 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 

of  larynx.  He  was  feverish  at  n. ;  and  next  d  his  urine  was  more 
copious,  and  had  a  strong  smell.  Feb.  4th.  Toole  5  drops  of  3rd 
cent.  Besides  the  usual  symptoms,  he  had  (15  m.)  soreness  of  throat 
on  empty  deglutition,  with  frequent  sharp  prickings  in  it,  and  (next 
day)  very  severe  aching  pain  in  r.  hip,  shifting  to  L  shoulder.  From 
7th  to  1 2th  had  a  vesidei  ending  in  a  pustulei  on  centre  of  nose*^ 

3.  Miss  G.  H.,  set.  11.  Jan.  20th.  Took  a  drops  of  6th  cent,  at 
4.15  p.m.  At  4.20  very  dizxy  ;  things  seem  moving  backwards  and 
forwards  J  pulse  95  j  cannot  see  across  room.  4.30.  Nausea;  feet  feel 
heavy,  4.40,  Pulse  100  ;  cannot  walk  straight ;  drowsy  and  tired  in 
e.  I   next  m.  dull  pain  in  r.  ankle  and  I.  knee.     {Ibid.) 

4.  Mrs.  T,  S,  H.  Jan.  20th^  4.15  p.m.  Took  3  drops  of  6th* 
Burning  in  stomach,  forehead  and  throat  in  succession  \  heavy  pain 
from  forehead  to  occiput  j  things  seem  to  move  before  eyes.  In  J  4  h. 
these  symptoms  had  disappeared,  but  later  nausea  came  on,  and 
continued  till  noon  next  day.  On  22nd  there  was  a  slight  vesicular 
eruption  all  over  body.     {Ibid.) 

5.  J.  T.  H.,  aet.  21,  Feb.  7th,  8,30  p.m.,  took  5  drops  of  6th* 
In  5  m.  dizziness,  headache  as  in  No.  4*  In  lO  m.  pulse  had  risen 
from  66  to  90,  and  it  subsequently  fell  only  to  80,  Face  flushed  and 
burning  ;  itching  in  various  places,  belching,  and  yawning,  were  fre- 
quent during  evening.  H»d  hard  headache  during  night.  In  morning 
this  continued,  and  he  felt  as  if  a  band  were  round  forehead.  Woke 
up  in  middle  of  night  bathed  in  perspiration.  Pulse  at  9  a.m.  100. 
By  noon  symptoms  had  disappeared.  On  loth  a  vesicular  eruption 
appeared  on  hands  and  all  over  body,  itching  excessively ;  rubbing 
relieves  itching,  but  leaves  burning  pain.  This  resisted  medication, 
and  did  not  disappear  till  28th.      {Ibid.) 

6.  Dr.  S.  P.  Hf  DOES.  Feb.  5th.  Five  drops  of  6th  taken  at  1 1 
a.m.  caused  no  symptoms  that  d.,  but  next  m.  he  awoke  with  a  dull, 
hot,  constricted  feeling  in  head,  especially  '\\\  forehead.  This  lasted  all 
d.,  becoming  an  ache  at  times,  and  until  late  at  n.  Before  rising  he 
had  also,  for  5  or  jo  m.,  an  acute  piercing  pain  in  1.  supra-orbital 
ridge  ;  it  ceased  on  rising,  but  left  spot  affected  sore  for  more  than  one 
day.  27th.  Same  dose,  taken  at  3.15  p.m.,  brought  on  next  m.  same 
headache,  but  more  severe.  Pressure  relieved,  but  only  at  first.  Head 
seemed  to  swells  and  felt  hot,  as  if  heat  radiated  from  it.  Passed  much 
urine.  Next  d.  (as  before)  felt  soreness  only»  Prover  is  not  subject 
to  headache,  and  never  experienced  anything  like  this.     {Ibid*) 

7.  Dr.  E,  C.  Price,  a:t,  43.  In  perfect  health.  Aug,  14th. 
Took  two  doses  of  5  drops  of  3rd  cent,  without  effect,  17th,  took  10 
drops,  on  i8th  20,  and  later  50  drops.  Had  aching  soreness  in  one  or 
other  knee  under  patella,  and  some  transient  pains  elsewhere.  Passed 
much  water.  On  19th  took  10  drops  of  3X  at  9  a.m.,  and  30  drops  at 
8  p.m.  20th.  Had  rheumatic  pain  in  right  shoulder-joint  nearly  all 
day,  and  regarded  it  as  an  attack  of  rheumatism  in  the  shoulder, 
having  suffered  with  several  attacks  during  the  last  18  years,  but  they 

•  **  During  this  proving"  Dr.  Hoync  notes  "an  acne^  with  which  I  had  been 
troubled  more  or  less  tor  three  years,  disappeared." 


m 


6  ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 

never  lasted  less  than  three  or  four  davs,  while  this  passed  off  suddenly 
in  the  e.,  like  all  the  carbolic  acid  pains,  which  also  come  sud* 
denly.  2ist.  Pain  for  some  time  inside  knee-joint.  23rd.  At  8.4S 
p.m.  took  20  drops  of  2x.  About  10,  severe  bruised  pain  beneath  left 
tendo  Achillis,  as  if  struck  by  a  club ;  in  a  few  minutes  it  disappeared 
for  a  short  time,  when  he  had  a  sharp  pain  in  second  joint  of  left  middle 
finger ;  this  pain  was  only  momentary,  when  it  went  back  (not  lest 
intensely)  to  the  leg  again.     (Amer.  Observer^  viii,  148.) 

8.  Dr.  LiLiENTHAL,  Set.  52.  Sanguine  temp.  April  14th,  at  I 
p.m.,  took  12  drops  of  ix  in  teaspoonful  of  water,  and  at  4  12  drops 
of  a  1  to  20  solution.  Besides  symptoms  of  local  irritation,  became 
sleepy  and  chilly,  with  disinclination  to  mental  effort,  even  reading ; 
and  had  dull  frontal  headache,  with  feeling  as  if  elastic  band  were 
drawn  tightly  across  forehead,  worse  on  1.  side.     On    iSth,  took,  at 

7  a.m.,  same  dose  as  last,  and  at  noon  12  drops  of  a  solution  of  I  to 
25.  In  forenoon  fulness  felt  all  over  head,  with  pain  in  forehead  and 
occiput ;  there  was  also  a  sense  of  narrowness  in  chest,  as  if  diaphragm 
oppressed  lungs.  Tired  sensation  in  lumbar  region,  then  dull  aching 
there,  increased  on  straightening  trunk,  and  by  jolting  of  driving, 
which  also  hurts  abdominal  parietes.  Pain  extends  down  back  of 
thighs.  Noon  dose  increased  fulness  of  head,  with  which  were 
vertigo,  trembling,  and  tingling  of  feet ;  but  all  symptoms  were  re- 
lieved by  a  meal  at  i  p.m.,  save  frontal  headache,  and  this  passed  off  in 
e.  For  next  2  d.  was  irritable,  head  muddled,  with  sleepiness,  mental 
and  bodily  laziness,  and  easily  induced  fatigue.  On  i8th  had  dull 
heavy  pain  in  1.  temple  during  d.  On  19th  frontal  and  lumbar  pains 
recurred  i  could  not  fix  attention  ;  legs  felt  heavy  as  lead.  These 
symptoms,  with  neuralgic  pains  in  1.  temple,  continued  till  22nd,  and 
a  burning  feeling  in  stomach,  which  came  on  in  afternoon  of  15th, 
was  felt  all  the  while,  though  appetite  and  digestion  were  good.  May 
3rd.  During  day  took  three  doses  of  12  to  30  drops  of  1st.  Slight 
local  symptoms,  and  some  trace  of  left  temporal  neuralgia,  were  all  that 
occurred.  On  4th  took  12  drops  of  ix,  which  brought  back  all  the 
head  symptoms,  with  pronounced  heat  there  ;  fresh  air  only  relieved, 
"cooling  heated  brain."  Reading  was  impossible,  letters  looking 
blurred  and  fading  into  one  another.  Symptoms  diminished  towar<u 
e.,  though  he  took  12  drops  of  1st  at  5  p.m. ;  but  on  retiring  to  bed, 
after  smoking  his  usual  pipe,  he  felt  as  if  the  tobacco  had  disagreed 
with  him.  Next  d.  head  and  chest  were  oppressed ;  thighs  felt 
bruised,  and  back  weak  and  sore  ;  there  was  burning  at  stomach,  and 
weight  after  food.  May  6th.  A  fresh  dose  of  12  drops  of  ist  renewed 
symptoms,  and  proving  was  discontinued.  {Trans,  of  N.  T.  Stat 
Horn,  Soc.y  viii,  232.) 

9.  Mrs.  S.  A.  F.,  M.D.     May  7th.  Two  doses  of  4  to  5  dropf 
1st  brought  on  frontal  symptoms  as  with  last  prover  ;  and  ano 
dose  next  day  added  frequent  micturition.     On   loth  the  same 
taken  in  dost  refracta   at  intervals;    and   brought   on    transient 
(twice)  in  left  ovary,  and  oppression  of  chest,  with  dull  pain  in  u 
lobes  of  lungs.     Next  day  there  was  a  slight  pustular  eruption  on 
side  of  face,  great  heat  of  body,  and  physical  exhaustion.     {Ibid.) 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUiVL 


10.  Mrs.  C.  L.,  M.D*  Doses  of  1st  caused  dull  frontal  headache 
and  total  loss  of  appetite.^     {Ibid,) 

11.  Dr.  C.  H.  Haeselesl.  On  2i5t  June  took  two  doses»  first  of 
I  drop,  second  of  5  drops,  of  pure  acid  in  glycerine  and  water.  Next 
day  took  10  drops,  and  on  23rd  20  drops.  Each  dose  produced  to  a 
greater  or  less  degree  the  features  of  acute  dyspepsia,  with  head  sym* 
ptoms  like  those  of  No.  8,  the  sharps  darting  neuralgic  pains  in  the  midst 
of  the  dull  aching  being  very  pronounced.  {Hahn,  Monthly^  Dec, 
1869.) 

12.  X.  Y,,  a  friend  to  whom  Dr.  H.  gave  6  drops  as  an  experi- 
ment, had  similar  symptoms.  Headache  was  felt  most  over  right  eye  ; 
chest  felt  oppressed,  as  after  excess  in  eating  \  was  drowsy  and  nervous; 
and  subsequently  had  pain  in  back  and  right  side.     (Ibid,) 

13.  Dr.  H.'s  daughter,  ^t.  1 1.  Took  4  drops  of  the  acid.  Besides 
local  burning  and  nausea,  it  caused  severe  headache,  "as  if  somebody 
were  jogging  a  sword  in  and  out  all  around,"  much  aggravated  by 
noise  and  light.  It  lasted  till  evening  of  next  day,  at  noon  of  which  she 
was  flurried  and  feverish,  with  pulse  at  90,  and  pain  in  r.  hypochon- 
drium.  On  the  day  yet  following  she  took  a  teaspoonful  of  3X, 
when  same  symptoms  recurred,  headache  being  fixed  over  r.  eye  (as  in 
No.  12) ;  but  all  passed  off  after  a  quiet  sleep.      {Ibid,) 

14.  J.  N.  Mitchell,  M.D,  Three  days  after  application  of  strong 
acid  to  cavity  of  carious  tooth  became  subject  of  slight  but  constant 
giddiness,  followed  by  a  similar  dull  pressure  and  pain  in  back  of  head 
and  neck.  After  a  week  application  was  renewed  daily  for  lO  d.  or 
more,  and  symptoms  then  became  much  worse.  There  were  also  added 
— -r.  supra-orbital  neuralgia  ;  constant  dark  spot  before  L  eye  ;  severe, 
band -I  ike  compression  round  head  (especially  felt  in  temples)  ;  sense  at 
vertex  as  if  brain  were  swashing  about  \  coldness  there  in  spots  on 
stooping,  with  clammy  sweat  ;  cold  sweat  on  head  on  least  exertion  ; 
and  tinnitus  aurium,  though  hearing  was  unimpaired.  Mind  was 
unusually  clear,  but  intellectual  exertion  increased  pressure  and  pain  in 
head,  even  to  numbness.  Giddiness  was  better  while  walking  in  open 
air.  He  was  constantly  heavy  for  sleep,  but  sleep  was  dreamful  and 
unrefreshing.  He  frequently  got  into  an  absent-minded  state,  with 
starting  and  trembling  on  being  spoken  to.  Appetite  and  digestion 
were  good,  and  bowels  regular,  though  sluggish.  Abdomen  always 
seemed  distended  with  wind,  but  none  could  be  passed  ;  and  there  was 
frequent,  but  ineffectual  desire  for  stool.  Sexual  organs  weakened  and 
rela.xed,  but  Jiights  much  haunted  with  lascivious  dreams  and  emissions. 

These  symptoms  (with  great  weight  on  seventh  cervical  vertebra, 
which  was  tender)  went  on  increasing  during  the  use  of  the  acid,  but 
on  stoppmg  it,  and  clearing  the  cavity,  began  to  diminish  in  a  few 
h.,  and  in  three  d.  disappeared  entirely  with  some  bilious  diarrhoea. 
An  incautious  renewal  of  the  application  some  months  after  caused 
them  to  set  in  again,  but  they  at  once  disappeared  on  its  removal. 
{Amtr.  Journ,  of  Horn,  Mat,  Mid,^  N.S.,  i,  354.) 

•  They  at  the  same  tiint:  relieved  tempoi-arily  a  himbo.sacral  aching  from  which 
prover  was  rarely  free.  On  25th  a  dose  of  the  joth  relieved  this  pain  *Mike  magic," 
and  there  was  no  recurrence  ot  it  Co  May  14th. 


8  ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 

15.  N.  RoTHE  took  I  grm.  in  20  grms.  of  water,  and  perceived 
sharp  but  cooling  taste  similar  to  that  of  peppermint-oil,  warmth  in 
stomach,  temporary  fulness  in  head,  eructations,  and  slight  eastric 
catarrh  lasting  several  d.     {Die  Carbolsdure  in  der  Median^  p.  7.) 

16.  From  dose  of  i  grm.  diluted  with  water,  Danion  experienced 
eructations,  feeling  of  warmth  at  epigastrium,  and  slight  stupefaction, 
which  last,  after  a  dose  of  2  grms.,  lasted  for  \  h.,  with  roaring  in  ears 
and  formication  in  extremities.  Four  grms.,  taken  in  3  doses,  produced 
cramp  in  calves,  fall  in  temperature  of  several  tenths,  and  alkaline  dark* 
brown  urine.     {Recherches  sur  F jlcide  phenique^  Strassb.,  1869.) 

17.  C.  A.  Norton,  M.D.,  was  exposed  for  i  h.  while  writing  to 
vapour  of  a  strong  solution.  In  \  h.  began  to  feel  faint,  especially  at 
stomach.  In  10  m.  more  head  felt  ^*  inflated,"  the  pressure  from 
inside  being  greatest  at  temples ;  shaking  head  increased  feeling.  At 
end  of  h.  faintness  was  so  general  that  he  desisted  writing,  and  on 
rising  found  legs  almost  too  weak  for  standing.  The  mind  teemed 
with  delightful  ideas,  but  on  attempting  to  express  them  in  writing  he 
found  his  arms  too  weak  to  trace  a  line.  On  passing  to  another  room 
lost  all  consciousness  of  a  body,  but  head  seemed  ten  times  its  proper 
size.  On  lying  down  symptoms  abated  in  order  of  their  oncoming. 
Entering  a  meal-room  shortly  after  could  smell  keenly  everything 
there,  however  distant  or  stable,  and  on  a  subsequent  visit  to  the  water- 
closet  was  overpowered  with  the  stench,  which  was  nothing  uncom- 
mon. Lay  down  and  slept  2^  h.,  tossing  about  much  while  unconscious. 
Head  now  felt  bruised  and  sore,  and  there  was  a  deathly  fiiintness  at 
stomach,  so  that  he  could  hardly  get  through  undressing  for  bed.  Next 
m.  woke  with  feeling  in  head  as  if  he  had  taken  a  large  dose  of  opium, 
and  with  inclination  to  diarrhoea,  which  he  found  had  been  indulged 
involuntarily  during  n.  It  came  to  nothing  now  ,  but  food  seemed  to 
cause  nausea.  Head  and  face  were  extremely  sensitive  to  comb  and 
towel  in  toilet,  and  jarring  of  a  carriage  in  the  forenoon  was  very  dis- 
tressing. On  returning  from  drive  bruised,  sore  feeling  began  in  small 
of  back  and  extended  to  hips.  There  was  burning  in  rectum,  and 
bowels  felt  as  if  filled  with  flatulence.  No  appetite  for  food.  A  tape- 
like and  gluey  stool  was  passed.  In  e.  pain  had  become  concentrated 
in  r.  thigh  j  it  kept  him  awake  in  n.,  in  m.  went  to  foot,  and  then 
passed  away.  It  was  3  d.  before  sensations  in  head  and  abdomen  left 
him.  Dr.  N.  has  twice  since  experienced  similar  symptoms  from 
carbolic  acid  vapour.     (Publications  of  Mass,  Horn,  Socy  iv,  285.) 

18.  Smell  of  acid  while  preparing  solution  caused,  in  Dr.  W,  M. 
Williamson,  pain  over  r.  eye,  going  off*  in  open  air ;  on  later  exposure 
to  odour  extending  to  temple,  with  sense  of  soreness  in  r.  eyeball. 
Urine  scanty  and  high-coloured.  On  another  similar  occasion  same 
symptoms  recurred,  with  pricking  pains  through  glans  penis  and  in 
urethra ;  straining  in  passing  urine,  and  uncomfortable  sensation  for  a 
h.  afterwards.  Five  drops  of  solution  taken  subsequently  internally 
caused  supra-orbital  pain  slightly,  but  urinary  disorder  severely.  ( Trans, 
of  Penns.  State  Horn,  Med,  Soc,  1870 — 1,  180.) 

19.  T.  C.  Duncan,  M.D.     Nervo-bilious.     Feb.  27th.     Inhalation 
of  vapour  caused  full  feeling  in  frontal  lobes  of  brain,  increasing  to 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 


severe  headache  ;  great  acuteness  of  sense  of  smell,  and  sensitiveness  of 
eyes  to  Hghc;  slight  nausea,  with  prostration  ;  anorexia;  great  languor  5 
numbness  of  skin  of  hands  ;  symptoms  increased  in  severity  for  3  h., 
when  a  cup  of  tea  dispersed  them.  He  has  repeatedly  had  this  train  of 
symptoms  from  simply  smelling  the  acid-     (As  l,) 

20.  Mrs.  E.  J,  D.  About  J  h.  after  smelling  acid  (5  p-m,)  com- 
plained of  severe  headache  with  nausea ;  sense  of  smell  exceedingly 
acute  ;  no  appetite  for  next  meal.  A  cup  of  green  tea  somewhat 
relieved  headache,  but  did  not  reduce  the  olfactory  sensibility.  The 
catamenia,  which  were  present^  became  more  copious,  and  next  ni. 
were  still  further  increased  and  darker  than  usual,  with  headache  and 
great  nervous  irritability  ;  sense  of  snieJl  continuing  acute.  By  c,  the 
symptoms  had  vanished*     {Ibid,) 

21.  Dkclat  {Traiie  de  i Acide  phenlque^  Paris,  1854)  observed 
slight  headache  after  its  use,  lasting  from  5  to  15  m,,  spreading  over 
whole  head,  and  returning  every  time  drug  was  taken  \  in  some 
persons  most  intense  in  frontal  region,  in  others  in  occiput.  After 
administration  of  acid  in  form  of  piils,  Neumann  observed  heaviness 
and  fulness  of  head,  weakness  of  legs,  dizziness,  appearance  of  circles 
before  eyes,  horripilation,  and  profuse  sweating,  (Lewin,  Incidental 
Efftcu  of  Drugs ^  New  York,  1882.) 

II.  Poisonings. — 1,  When  a  thin  layer  of  the  pure  acid  is  painted 
on  the  skin,  a  pretty  severe  smarting  is  felt  for  about  an  hour.  The 
epidermis  wrinkles,  and  a  white  coating  spreads  over  the  part  touched, 
and  gradually  disappears,  being  succeeded  by  a  congestion  which  lasts 
20  d.  This  presents  all  the  characters  of  inflammation,  but  on  tearing 
the  raised  epidermis  no  serosity  flows  out.  The  epidermis  gradually 
exfoliates,  leaving  a  brown  stain  for  a  long  time.  The  whole  exactly 
^ resembles  a  burn  in  the  second  degree,  which  does  not  go  on  to  suppu- 
ration.     (Lemairh,  di  P Acidi  phenique^  Paris,  1863.) 

2.  A  curious  local  action  of  carbolic  acid,  to  which  attention  was 
drawn  almost  simultaneously  by  Mr,  Erasmus  Wilson  and  by  Dr.  J. 
H.  Bill,  U.S.A.,  is  the  property  it  has  when  applied  in  concentrated 
form  of  causing  very  great  local  anaesthesia.  The  loss  of  feeling  is  not 
confined  to  the  tissue  killed  by  the  drug,  but  extends  some  little  dis- 
tance inwards.     (H,  C.  Wood,  Therap,^  sub  voce.) 

3,  Where  poison  comes  in  contact  with  mucous  membrane,  a 
white  scab  forms,  thickness  of  which  depends  on  concentration  of  acid, 
(BOEHM,  Ziemssen's  Cyctopttdia^  xvii,  525.) 

4,  The  dark-green,  and  often  almost  black,  colour  of  the  urine 
after  standing  for  some  time,  which  often  occurs  when  this  poison  is 
absorbed  from  the  surface  of  a  wound,  is  strikingly  characteristic. 
It  is  seldom,  yet  sufHciently  often,  seen  when  the  poison  is  taken 
internally.  This  symptom  clearly  depends  on  the  presence  in  the  urine 
of  some  product  of  the  decomposition  of  carbolic  acid,  the  chemical 
nature  of  which  has  not  been  discovered.  E,  Salkowsky,  in  com- 
menting on  this  striking  fact,  inclines  to  the  opinion  that  the  decom- 
position occurs  before  the  absorption  of  the  carbolic  acid,  as  it  so 
rarely  occurs  from  the  internal  use  of  this  substance.      [Ibid,) 

5.  Miss  J.,  act.  51,  had  eH>ow-joint  excised  Dec.  2nd,'  1868,  oa 


10 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM- 


account  of  disease  of  c;irtihges.     Wound    was   dressed   with    weak 
carbolic  acid  and  water  lotion  (i  to  50),  applied  on  a  lint  handsge] 
covered  with  oiled  sillc^  limb  l^ing  supported  by  a  leather  splint.     She 
rallied    well   after  operation,  and    progressed  favourablv   for    first    jz 
h.,    when    a    shivering  fit  occurred ;   the   tongue    nipidlv  fouled^    the 
pulse  rising  from  100  to  120,  with  a  weak  and  fluttering  beat^  the  skiit 
becoming  very  cold  and  clammy  ;  at  the  same  time  vomiting  of  m  very 
uncontrollable  nature  began.     Bowels  had  not  acted  since  the  opcr»* 
tion*     Her  face  became  much  pinched  and  anxious,  her  spirits  being] 
greatly  depressed.     Nothing  came  from  the  wound  save  a  drop  or  twof 
of  sanious  non* purulent  discharge,  its  edges  being  very  dry  and  glassy* 
So  suspicious  were  the  local  and  general  ?iymptnms  that  wr  1  to 

suspect  pyarmia.     Still  there  was  no  tendency  to  wandcris.  ce, 

or  sweet  breath,  cither  now  or  at  any  other  time.  Poultices  were  now  , 
substituted  for  the  lotion,  and  in  the  course  of  40  hours  actual  pus  ws 
present  in  them,  and  the  constitutional  irritation  was  entirely  rcmovcii, 
the  sickness  being  the  last  to  leave*  Our  patient  continued  to  do  well  for 
a  week,  gradually  improving  up  to  Dec.  15th,  when  the  carbolic  lodoti^ 
same  strength,  was  re*cmployed*  Within  36  h.  vomiting  bcganj 
again,  accompanied  by  the  same  train  of  symptoms  as  on  the  previous^ 
occasion*  The  discharge,  which  was  abundant  and  purulent  on  e.  of 
15th,  became  scanty  and  rusty  by  m,  of  17th  j  the  urging,  if  possible, 
was  worse  than  before.  Now  on  the  5th  d.  after  the  operation  Miss  J. 
seemed  to  be  rapidly  sinking  from  the  exhaustion  caused  by  the  vio« 
lent  and  ceaseless  urging.  Her  pulse  that  day  was  130  to  140  per  m* 
and  very  thready  ;  the  tongue  was  covered  with  a  thick  brown  coat  | 
the  mental  faculties  perfectly  clear.  The  bowels  acted  after  an  enema  ; 
urine  scanty,  loaded  with  lithates,  but  not  dark  or  carbonaceous  look- 
ing. That  same  day  (Dec.  7th)  the  carbultc  dressings  were  changed 
for  litiseed-meai  poultices,  and  this  had  not  been  done  many  bouri 
before  a  change  for  the  better  showed  itself.  Poultices  were  again 
substituted  on  the  1 8th,  when  we  almost  had  given  up  hoping  to  save 
the  patient's  life.  She  was  entirely  supported  at  this  time  by  encmata, 
her  stomach  not  being  able  to  retain  even  a  little  beef  tea  or  brandy- 
and-soda.  Two  or  three  d,  after  the  change  in  the  application 
healthy  pus  in  fair  quantity  was  coming  from  the  elbow  j  and  with  the 
exception  of  great  prostration  the  evil  symptoms  had  alt  abated.  Our 
suspicions  were  now  awakened  as  to  the  existence  of  some  undoubted 
relation  between  the  above  symptoms  and  the  nature  of  the  dressing  j 
yet  our  faith  in  carbolic  acid  was  so  strong  that  we  hardly  dared  suspect 
it  as  the  cause.  The  patient  went  on  very  well  with  the  use  of 
ppultices  up  to  Dec.  27th,  when,  for  the  last  time  and  with  a  similar 
result,  the  carbolic  lotion  was  resumed.  The  wound  was  now  nearly 
healed;  two  sinuses  which  had  formed  we  thought  to  benefit  by  a 
bi-daily  injection  of  the  foregoing  lotion.  Fortunately  the  first 
appearance  of  suspicious  signs  {t.e.  slight  sickness  after  food)  found  us 
on  the  alert,  and  the  injections  were  at  once  discontinued,  the  mischief 
being  thereby  nipped  in  the  bud.  For  the  next  3  w.  warm -water 
dressing  constituted  the  sole  treatment,  and  the  patient  left  for  her 
home  on  Jan.  iiznd,  1869,  quite  cured,  with  an  arm  which  has  since' 


12 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 


f grammes  of  pure  carbolic  acid).  Immediately  vertigo,  followed  10  m, 
ater  by  absolute  loss  of  consciousness  with  cyanosis  of  face,  ij  h.  after 
poison  was  taken  there  was  still  coma  with  relaxed  limbs  ;  no  convuJ- 
sions  J  pupils  extremely  contracted  and  immoveable  ;  cold  sweat ;  respi- 
ration slow,  irregular,  with  tracheal  rale ;  countenance  pale  and  cya- 
nosed  ;  vomiting.  Pulse  very  quick,  regular,  but  sometimes  extinct 
during  inspiration.  The  stomach  was  washed  out^  but  she  seemed 
rather  worse  afterwards.  The  urine  passed  i  h.  after  the  poisoning  was 
normal,  but  that  passed  15  m.  later  was  the  colour  of  blood.  The 
microscope  showed  no  red  corpuscles,  but  the  spectroscope  showed  the 
bands  of  oxyhemoglobin,  i  J  h.  after  the  poisoning  temperature  in 
vagina  was  as  low  as  34'4°  C»  The  tracheal  rale  increased,  mucus  was 
continually  ejected  from  the  mouth  and  nose  ;  the  tongue  was  retracted. 
She  gradually  recovered,  but  H  h,  after  the  poisoning  the  temperature 
was  higher  than  normal^  there  were  pains  in  throat  and  stomachy 
extreme  hoarseness,  bilious  vomiting,  urine  had  to  be  drawn  off",  no 
more  hsemoglobiii,  but  some  albumen,  granular  casts,  some  red  globules 
and  renal  epithelium.  The  d.  after  poisoning  she  had  circumscribed 
pneumonia  at  base  of  r.  lung.  She  left  the  hospital  on  the  8th  d.,  when 
the  vocal  cords  were  still  red  and  swollen,  and  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  larynx  injected  j  the  urine  still  albuminous,  contains  granular  and 
hyaline  casts,     (Rru,  dis  Sc,  Mt'd.y  Oct.  15th,  1H83.) 

10.  A  man,  ^t.  30,  given  to  drink,  drank  off  a  glassful  of  carbolic 
acid  in  mistake  for  whisky.  On  his  mouth  and  throat  burning  he 
gargled  with  water  and  went  to  a  public-house.  There  he  felt  ill  and 
did  not  know  what  happened*  Half  an  h.  after  the  accident  he  was 
found  stretched  unconscious,  insensible  to  all  excitations,  skin  cyanosed, 
limbs  cold,  relaxed,  pupils  contracted  and  immoveable;  respiration 
laboured  and  jerky  ;  mouth  exuding  bloody  slime  ;  pulse  small,  scarcely 
perceptible.  Chest  full  of  large  mucous  rales.  He  was  bJed,  sinapisms 
applied,  and  friction  to  the  limbs.  Cold  compresses  to  chest  and  benzoic 
acid  internally.  After  12  h.  consciousness  returned.  Cyanosis  dimi- 
nished, respiration  easy,  no  rales.  Burning  pain  in  mouth,  throat,  and 
pit  of  stomach.  Copious  vomiting.  Urine  black  as  ink*  The  3rd  d. 
he  still  vomits  j  skin  and  mucous  membrane  of  throat  and  mouth  are 
still  livid-  The  pain  of  the  burning  still  severe.  The  4ih  d.  vomiting 
ceased  ;  tissues  less  deeply  coloured,  now  of  a  dull  brown.  Pain  in 
chest,  especially  on  r.  side  \  rusty  expectoration.  The  5th  d.  urine 
clear.  Fever,  bloody  expectoration,  violent  delirium,  Dulness  and 
bronchial  breathing  on  the  r.  side  of  back  below  the  angle  of  the  scapula. 
Died  on  6th  d.  Post*morUm. — Labial  and  buccal  mucous  membrane 
of  a  grey  colour  like  lead.  Pharyngeal  mucous  membrane  bright  red, 
swollen,  softened,  and  covered  with  patches  of  exudation.  Bright  injec- 
tion of  oesophagus,  which  is  eroded  \n  places.  Posterior  wall  of  stomach 
marbled  with  ccchymoses,  but  no  loss  of  the  substance  of  the  gastric 
mucous  membrane.  Intestines  normal.  Liver  large  and  fatty.  Spleen 
rather  big.  Right  kidney  hypertrophied  and  inflamed.  Red  hepatisa* 
tion  of  middle  and  lower  lobes  of  right  lung,      [Ibid.) 

II*  A  man,  ®t,  37,  had  daily  injections  of  a  2  per  cent,  solution 
of  carbolic  acid  for  a  fistulous  empyema.     Though  the  injections  immc- 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 


become  fairly   useful.      (Lightfoot,    Brit,    Med,    Journ,^    1870,    i, 

3330 

6.  LuciCE  {Birl*  kUn,  IVoch.^  1878,  p.  248)  observed  a  nephritis 
due  to  action  of  carbolic  add,  which  disappeared  when  use  of  drug 
was  stopped.  Edwards  (FirchowHIrsch's  Jahreshr,^  1869^  i,  349 )» 
after  intraduction  into  vagina  of  tampons  of  cotton  medicated  with 
acid,  saw  singultus,  nausea,  chiHiness,  and  anasarca,  with  diminution  or 
suppression  of  urine,  delinum,  and,  finally,  death.  He  attributes  these 
phenomena  to  an  acute  nephritis,  with  uremia,  produced  by  the  drug. 
E.  Wagner  {Deutsche  Arch,  f.  kiin,  Med.^  1880,  p*  529)  studied 
changes  in  kidneys  with  care.  Carbolic  acid  was  applied  in  a  case  of 
gangrene  of  \q^.  The  next  day,  urine  contained  casts  of  medium 
width,  the  majority  hyaline,  and  a  few  fatty,  some  studded  with  red 
blood-corpuscles  or  renal  epithelium*  After  death,  microscopic  exami- 
nation showed  ihat  uriniferous  tubules  were  dilated,  their  epithelia 
large  and  very  fatty,  projecting  far  into  their  cavities,  which  contained 
numerous  masses  of  protoplasm  and  jagged  shining  bodies,  (Lewin, 
op.  at,) 

7.  J,  M.)  set.  32,  swallowed  at  10  a*m,  a  bottle  of  carbolic  disin- 
fectant. He  was  seized  immediately  with  nausea,  cold  sweats,  stupor, 
and  loss  of  consciousness.  At  11.30  he  was  comatose,  insensible  to  all 
stimuli,  breathing  panting  and  tracheal.  Death  appeared  imminent ; 
but  at  5  pni,  he  still  lived,  and  warmth  had  returned.  There  was, 
however,  still  coma  and  entire  reflex  paralysis;  conjunctiva  insensible, 
pupils  very  contracted.  Respirations  frequent  (48)  and  stertorous, 
tracheal  rale,  mucus  from  mouth.  Pulse  very  rapid  (120)  and  small  5 
heart  beat  convulsively  with  some  force.  No  urine  since  morning. 
Catheter  brought  away  a  glass  of  hmpid  non-ftocculent  urine,  of 
yellow  colour  and  violet  gleam,  with  some  oily  matter  floating  on  it 
and  strong  odour  of  acid.  A  small  bleeding  being  practised,  blood 
was  found  black,  thick,  without  shimmer,  of  peculiar  brown  colour  by 
transmitted  light,  and  smelling  as  unne.  The  clot  was  soft,  without 
air,  diffluent ;  had  not  contracted  by  next  day.  Died  in  asphyxia  2  h. 
later,  P.M.^ — In  mouth  and  throat  dryness  only.  CEsophagus  a  little 
red  and  swollen,  as  also  gastric  mucous  membrane,  but  no  lesion 
anywhere.  Kidneys  very  congested.  Under  capsule  patches  of 
sanguineous  effusion,  On  section,  htcmorrhagic  spots  in  cortical 
region.  Under  niicroscope  walls  of  tubules  sound,  but  epithelium 
fatty  and  completely  degenerated,  as  in  phosphoric  poisoning.  (Albu* 
men  subsequently  ^ouiid  in  urine  drawn  off)  Lungs,  heart,  and  brain 
sound,  liver  congested  and  blackish.  (Rendu,  yourn^  di  Pharm,  it  de 
ChinL^  1871,  p.  456.) 

8*  In  a  case  of  poisoning  by  the  acid  occurring  in  Middlesex 
Hospital,  severe  bronchitis  ensued,  and  the  patient,  aet.  34,  was 
during  his  recovery  extremely  restless,  and  had  a  vacuous,  almost  idiotic 
expression.  The  reporter  states  that  bronchitis  has  supervened  in 
several  instances  of  this  poisoning  admitted  into  the  hospital,  and  refers 
to  fatal  cases  of  pneumonia  induced  by  the  acid,  [Lancet^  October  i8th, 
1884.) 

9,  A  woman  J  act,  30,  swallowed  4  c,c.  of  carboliscd  alcohol  (=13 


12  ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 

frrammes  of  pure  carbolic  acid).  Immediately  vertigo,  followed  10  m. 
ater  by  absolute  loss  of  consciousness  with  cyanosis  of  face,  i  {  h,  after 
poison  was  taken  there  was  still  coma  with  relaxed  limbs  ;  no  convul- 
sions ;  pupils  extremely  contracted  and  immoveable  ;  cold  sweat ;  respi- 
ration slow,  irregular,  with  tracheal  rale ;  countenance  pale  and  cya- 
nosed  ;  vomiting.  Pulse  very  quick,  regular,  but  sometimes  extinct 
during  inspiration.  The  stomach  was  washed  out,  but  she  seemed 
rather  worse  afterwards.  The  urine  passed  i  h.  after  the  poisoning  was 
normal,  but  that  passed  15  m.  later  was  the  colour  of  blood.  The 
microscope  showed  no  red  corpuscles,  but  the  spectroscope  showed  the 
bands  of  oxyharmoglobin.  i  j  h.  after  the  poisoning  temperature  in 
vagina  was  as  low  as  34*4°  C.  The  tracheal  rale  increased,  mucus  was 
continually  ejected  from  the  mouth  and  nose  ^  the  tongue  was  retracted. 
She  gradually  recovered,  but  8  h.  after  the  poisoning  the  temperature 
was  higher  than  normal,  there  were  pains  in  throat  and  stomach, 
extreme  hoarseness,  bilious  vomiting,  urine  had  to  be  drawn  off,  no 
more  haemoglobin,  but  some  albumen,  granular  casts,  some  red  globules 
and  renal  epithelium.  The  d.  after  poisoning  she  had  circumscribed 
pneumonia  at  base  of  r.  lung.  She  left  the  hospital  on  the  8th  d.,  when 
the  vocal  cords  were  still  red  and  swollen,  and  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  larynx  injected  ;  the  urine  still  albuminous,  contains  granular  and 
hyaline  casts.     {Rev.  dis  Sc.  Mcd.^  Oct.  15th,  1883.) 

10.  A  man,  a:t.  30,  given  to  drink,  drank  off  a  glassful  of  carbolic 
acid  in  mistake  for  whisky.  On  his  mouth  and  throat  burning  he 
gargled  with  water  and  went  to  a  public-house.  There  he  felt  ill  and 
did  not  know  what  happened.  Half  an  h.  after  the  accident  he  was 
found  stretched  unconscious,  insensible  to  all  excitations,  skin  cyanosed, 
limbs  cold,  relaxed,  pupils  contracted  and  immoveable  \  respiration 
laboured  and  jerky ;  mouth  exuding  bloody  slime  \  pulse  small,  scarcely 
perceptible.  Chest  full  of  large  mucous  rales.  He  was  bled,  sinapisms 
applied,  and  friction  to  the  limbs.  Cold  compresses  to  chest  and  benzoic 
acid  internally.  After  12  h.  consciousness  returned.  Cyanosis  dimi- 
nished, respiration  easy,  no  rales.  Burning  pain  in  mouth,  throat,  and 
pit  of  stomach.  Copious  vomiting.  Urine  black  as  ink.  The  3rd  d. 
he  still  vomits ;  skin  and  mucous  membrane  of  throat  and  mouth  are 
still  livid.  The  pain  of  the  burning  still  severe.  The  4th  d.  vomiting 
ceased  ;  tissues  less  deeply  coloured,  now  of  a  dull  brown.  Pain  in 
chest,  especially  on  r.  side  ;  rusty  expectoration.  The  5th  d.  urine 
clear.  Pever,  bloody  expectoration,  violent  delirium.  Dulness  and 
bronchial  breathing  on  the  r.  side  of  back  below  the  angle  of  the  scapula. 
Died  on  6th  d.  Post-mortem, — Labial  and  buccal  mucous  membrane 
of  a  grey  colour  like  lead.  Pharyngeal  mucous  membrane  bright  red, 
swollen,  softened,  and  covered  with  patches  of  exudation.  Bright  injec- 
tion of  oesophagus,  which  is  eroded  in  places.  Posterior  wall  of  stomach 
marbled  with  ecchymoses,  but  no  loss  of  the  substance  of  the  eastric 
mucous  membrane.  Intestines  normal.  Liver  large  and  fatty.  Spleen 
rather  big.  Right  kidney  hypertrophied  and  inflamed.  Red  hepatisa* 
tion  of  middle  and  lower  lobes  of  right  lung.     (Ibid.) 

11.  A  man,  act.  37,  had  daily  injections  of  a  2  per  cent,  solution 
of  carbolic  acid  for  a  fistulous  empyema.     Though  the  injections  imme- 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM, 


yj 


diately  returned,  he  always  complained  of  sweetish  taste  on  the  tongue, 
sh'ght  giddiness,  and  sometimes  headache  that  lasted  several  h.  Hoping 
to  produce  a  quicker  cure,  his  wife  injected  a  double  quantity  of  a  3 
per  cent,  solution.  Before  the  operation  was  at  an  end  the  man  uttered 
a  cry  and  tumbled  off  his  chair  unconscious,  Stertor,  agitation, 
groaning,  violent  nausea,  flaccidity  of  the  limbs  except  some  transient 
convulsions  in  the  r.  arm,  pupils  dilated  and  insensible  ;  respiration 
irregular,  laboured,  noisy  during  inspiration  ;  pulse  not  quick,  very 
compressible,  and  occasionally  intermittent;  sensibility  almost  entirely 
lost,  Ac  end  of  2  h.  he  recovered  consciousness,  but  remembered 
nothing  of  what  had  passed.  He  complained  of  horrible  headache, 
nausea,  soon  followed  by  vomiting.  The  vision  of  both  eyes  was 
entirely  lost*  The  ophthalmoscope  shows  very  indistinct  outline  of  the 
papillae,  especially  the  r.  The  following  m,  the  nausea  was  gone,  and 
the  patient  perceived  the  dawn  of  day.  Some  h.  later  was  able  to  see 
the  outline  of  objects  in  his  room.  The  20th  d.  there  was  no  longer^ 
any  affection  of  the  sight  ;  r,  eye  recovered  itself  more  slowly  than  K^H 
He  had  still  heaviness  of  head,  and  he  vomited  when  he  got  up.    [Ihld*)  ^1 

12.  In  a  case  in  which  a  few  grains  of  the  acid  in  water  were 
injected  into  rectum  of  girl  of  5^,  for  thread-worms,  with  unconscious, 
ness,  slight  cyanosis,  complete  ansesthesia,  and  general  muscular  relaxa- 
tion,strong  trismus  was  present.     (Schmidt's  y^/rr A.,  vol.  198,  p.  27.) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals, — 1.  There  is  a  very  considerable  dis- 
crepancy between  the  action  of  the  poison  on  animals  and  in  human 
beings.  In  the  former  there  occur  unmistakcable  symptoms  of  irrita- 
tion of  the  medulla  oblongata  and  of  the  spinal  cord,  which  have  as  yet 
never  been  witnessed  in  human  beings.     (Boehm,  op.  cit.) 

2.  In  Neumann's  experiments  the  general  symptoms  produced 
were  tolerably  constant  in  the  different  classes  of  animals;  paralysis 
commencing  in  the  hinder  extremities  and  gradually  spreading  upwards, 
spasms  of  all  the  muscles,  dilatation  of  the  pupil,  oppressed  respiration, 
emaciation,  diarrhoea,  and  death  in  convulsions,  {Veber  die  JUrkung 
der  CarhQhaure^  ^c^  Wien,  1870.) 

3.  HusEMANN  and  Ummethun  (Deutsche  KUnik^  1870-1)  and  E. 
Salkowsky  {PJiuegers  Jrchiv^  v,  1872)  have  carefully  investigated  the 
general  symptoms  of  poisoning  which  follow  the  absorption  of  this 
poison  in  animals* 

a.  In  frogs,  Salkowsky  observed,  some  time  after  the  poisoning, 
consecutive  to  a  stage  of  more  or  less  paresis,  clonic  convulsions 
in  the  extremities,  gradually  increasing  in  severity,  like  those  in 
strychnia  poisoning,  lasting  for  hours  at  a  time.  He  also  verified 
analogous  affections  in  rabbits,  in  which  what  at  first  were  only  general 
muscular  tremors  became  general  convulsions.  The  occurrence  of 
these  spasms  in  various  animals  is  confirmed  by  Husemann  and 
Ummethun.  Salkowsky  refers  their  origin  to  the  spinal  cord,  as  they 
still  happen  when  the  brain  and  medulla  oblongata  are  severed  from 
the  cord,  and  also  when  the  arteries  conveying  blood  to  the  limbs  are 
ligatured.  It  could  not  therefore  be  said  that  the  convulsions  were  due 
to  asphyxia. 

^.   The  disorders   of  respiration  consist   in   a   verjr  considerable 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICDM. 


pnimmes  of  pure  carbolic  acid).     Immediately  vertigo,  followed  10  oi. 

later  by  absolute  loss  of  consdousness  with  cyanosis  of  face,     i }  h,  after 

^^»i^oti  was  taken  there  was  still  coma  with  relaxed  limbs  ;  no  convul- 

^Hofia  J  pupils  extremely  contracted  and  immoveable  ;  cold  sweat ;  rcspi- 

^Btion  slow,  irregular,  with  tracheal   rale;  countenance  pale  and  c;, 

^Tloscd  s  vomiting.     Pulse  very  quick,  regular,  but  sometimes  extinct^ 

during   inspiration.     The  stomach  was   washed  out,  but  she  seemed 

rather  worse  afterwards.     The  urine  passed  i  h.  after  the  poisoning  was 

itotmalf   but   that   passed    15   m.  later  was  the  colour  of  blood.     The 

niicrojjcope  showed  no  red  corpuscles,  but  the  spectroscope  showed  the 

kuiiU  ot  oxyh:i?moglobin,     ij  h.  after  the   poisoning  temperature  in 

vugiiu  was  as  low  as  34*4*^0,     The  tracheal  rale  increased,  mucus  was 

viMjtmually  ejected  from  the  mouth  and  nose  ;  the  tongue  was  retracted, 

She  jiradually  recovered,  but  8  h*  after  the  poisoning  the  temperature 

IlHras  higher  than  normal,  there  were  pains  in  throat  and  stomach, 
Extreme  hoarseness,  bilious  vomiting,  urine  had  to  be  drawn  off^  no 
pim^  hirmt^^lohtn,  but  some  albumen,  granular  casts,  some  red  globules 
%H\\  it?nal  epulu'lium.  The  d.  after  poisoniiTg  she  had  circumscribed 
iHKUUimiiA  at  ba!te  of  i.  lung.     She  left  the  hospital  on  the  8th  d.,  when 

IlbV  WK^kl  K\n\h  were  stilt  red  and  swollen,  and  the  mucous  membrane 
it  the  Uiynx  injcclcd  i  the  urine  still  albuminous,  contains  granular  and 
^^hw  <Mt.  (A*«f,  del  Sc.  Mid.,  Oct*  15th,  1883.) 
UK  A  nuiii  itU  30^  given  to  drink,  drank  ofFa  glassful  of  carbolic 
(^1  in  limukr  ti>r  whuky.  On  his  mouth  and  throat  burning  he 
MMt^  wilh  W4lltf  And  went  to  a  public-house.  There  he  felt  ill  and 
BVm  l»uiw  wM  h^Pi^ncd      "  '^    "  •"    -'-'  *^— ^-^-^  ^^ 


Half  an  h.  after  the  accident  he  was 


ITOIIt'l 


\^.       i 


x^aomssa^^  insensible  to  all  excitations,  skin  cyanose 

."^^  MM^  COntncted    and    immoveable  ^    respiratie 

-v^Mlll  tttwtif^  bloody  slime  ;  pulse  small,  scarcely^ 

I  of  hm  mucous  riles*     He  was  bled,  sinapisms 

tibt  ttniWi     Cold  compresses  to  chest  and  benzoic 

II  ll«  Coiitct<>u«icss  returned.     Cyanosis  dimi- 

s ,  IKt  tk\tu     Burning  pin  in  mouth,  throat,  and^ 

toiuiling.     Urine  black  as  ink.     The  3rd  d^ 

imKXHif  a^cmbranc  of  throat  and  mouth  ar 

'  uing  still  $evcre.     The  4ih  d»  vomiting' 

vHitrd*  iww  of  a  dull  brown*     Pain  m 

s  i    XMs$K\  c\pect\>ration.     The  5th  d.  urine 

-  'v^*att\m*   %i^nt   delirium*     Dulness  and 

V*  v^  Stck  bcbw  the  angle  of  the  scapula. 

*  vb^  Md  buccml  mucous  membrane 

^fil  OMicoMS  meinbrane  bright  red, 

V^mImoI  wuduioii.     Bright  injec- 

I  IImm^    IHm«iof  vrail  of  stomach 

>AA^  W  Km  ^  ^  Silbstaiice  of  the  gastric 

u.tiusimi^.     Lhvrbfgeaod  latty.    Spleen^ 

^Auvd  laid  tuaMicd.     Red  hepatu 

V   ol   A   1   p^  CCQt.  SOlutIG 

i  lio4i(gk  the  u^yecaocks 


ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM. 


grammes  of  pure  carbolic  acid).     Immediately  vertigo,  followed   10 
later  by  absolute  loss  of  consciousness  with  cyanosis  of  face,      i  J  h,  aftc 
poison  was  taken  there  was  still  coma  with  relaxed  limbs  ;  no  convii 
sions  ;  pupils  extremely  contracted  and  immoveable  ;  cold  sweat ;  resp 
ration  slow,  irregular,  with  tracheal   rale  i  countenance  pale  and  cyn 
nosed  ;  vomiting.     Pulse  very  quick^  regular,  but  sometimes  extinc 
during  inspiration.     The  stomach   was   washed  out,  but  she  seeme 
rather  worse  afterwards.     The  urine  passed  i  h.  after  the  poisoning  wa 
normal,   but  that   passed    15  m.  later  was  the  colour  of  blood,     TI1 
microscope  showed  no  red  corpuscles,  but  the  spectroscope  showed 
bands  of  oxyhacmoglobin.     lib.  after  the  poisoning  temperature  il 
vagina  was  as  low  as  34*4°  C.     The  tracheal  rale  increased,  mucus  wasi 
continually  ejected  from  the  mouth  and  nose  ;  the  tongue  was  retracted.  I 
She  gradually  recovered,  but  H  h.  after  the  poisoning  the  temperature  I 
was    higher   than    normal,  there  were  pains    in   throat  and  stomach, 
extreme  hoarsenesSi  bilious  vomiting,  urine  had  to  be  drawn  off,  no 
more  haemoglobin,  but  some  albumen,  granular  casts,  some  red  globules 
and  renal  epithelium.     The  d,  after  poisoning  she  had    circumscribed 
pneumonia  at  base  of  r.  lung.     She  left  the  hospital  on  the  8th  d.,  when 
the  vocal  cords  were  still  red  and  swollen,  and   the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  larynx  injected  ;  the  urine  stitl  albuminous,  contains  granular  and 
hyaline  casts.     {Rev.  dis  Sc,  Mcd,^  Oct*  15th,  1883.) 

10.  A  man,  a;t.  30,  given  to  drink,  drank  off  a  glassful  of  carbolic 
acid  in  mistake  for  whisky.  On  his  mouth  and  throat  burning  he 
gargled  with  water  and  went  to  a  public-house.  There  he  felt  ill  and 
did  not  know  what  happened.  Half  an  h*  after  the  accident  he  was 
found  stretched  unconscious,  insensible  to  all  excitations,  skin  cyanoscd, 
limbs  cold,  relaxed,  pupils  contracted  and  immoveable ;  respiration 
laboured  and  jerky  ;  mouth  exuding  bloody  slime  ;  pulse  small,  scarcely 
perceptible.  Chest  full  of  large  mucous  rales.  He  was  bled,  sinapisms 
applied,  and  friction  to  the  limbs.  Cold  compresses  to  chest  and  benzoic 
acid  internally.  After  12  h.  consciousness  returned.  Cyanosis  dimi- 
nished, respiration  easy,  no  rales.  Burning  pain  in  mouth,  throat,  and 
pit  of  stomach.  Copious  vomiting.  Urine  black  as  ink.  The  3rd  d, 
he  still  vomits  j  skin  and  mucous  membrane  of  throat  and  mouth  are 
still  livid.  The  pain  of  the  burning  still  severe.  The  4ih  d.  vomiting 
ceased  ;  tissues  less  deeply  coloured,  now  of  a  dull  brown.  Pain  in 
chest,  especially  on  r.  side  ;  rusty  expectoration.  The  5th  d.  urine 
clear.  Fever,  bloody  expectoration,  violent  delirium.  Dulness  and 
bronchial  breathing  on  the  r.  sideof  back  below  the  angle  of  the  scapula. 
Died  on  6th  d.  Post-morUm, — Labial  and  buccal  mucous  membrane 
of  a  grey  colour  like  lead.  Pharyngeal  mucous  membrane  bright  red^ 
swollen,  softened,  and  covered  with  patches  of  exudation.  Bright  injec- 
tion of  oesophagus,  which  is  eroded  in  places.  Posterior  wall  of  stomach 
marbled  with  ccchymoses,  but  no  loss  of  the  substance  of  the  gastric 
mucous  membrane.  Intestines  normal.  Liver  large  and  fatty,  Spleea 
rather  big.  Right  kidney  hypertrophicd  and  inflamed.  Rea  bepati&a* 
tion  of  middle  and  lower  lobes  of  right  lung.      (/^/V.) 

11.  A  man,  aet.  37,  had  daily  injections  of  a  2  per  rent*  solutiO0 
of  carbolic  acid  for  a  iistulous  empyema*     Though  the  <  '^  irnin^* 


H 


ACIDUM  CARBOLrCUM. 


{Increase  of  frecjuency  of  breathing,  and  in  its  becoming  very  superficial. 
'  Fatal  doses  bring  on  dyspocea  at  the  last,  and  manifestly  lead  to  death 
by  paralysis  of  respiration*  The  primary  acceleration  of  breathing  is 
not  entirely  prevented  by  section  of  the  vagus,  although  this  operation 
has  unmistakeable  effect  upon  it.  On  the  other  hand,  carbolic  acid  is 
able  to  increase  the  number  of  respirations  in  an  animal  whose  vagi  have 
been  previoysly  divided,  Salkowslcy  therefore  believes  that  this  poison 
not  only  atfects  the  respiratory  nerve-centres,  but  also  excites  the 
pulmonary  terminations  of  the  vagus. 

c.  The  organs  of  circulation  are  less  afFected  by  carbolic  acid» 
The  fret|uency  of  the  beats  in  the  frog's  heart  gradually  diminishes  to 
about  half,  while  the  convulsions  go  on  increasing.     (Boehm,  kc.  cit,) 

4.  a.  Dr.  Ernest  La  bee  (Arch,  Gt'?i.,  6e  ser.,  xviii,  451)  agrees 
with  Salkowslcy  in  regarding  the  convulsions  as  of  central  origin,  but 
differs  as  to  the  particular  centres  affected.  He  found  that  the  convul- 
sions did  not  occur  if  the  cord  or  medolla  had  been  previously  divided, 
and  that  destruction  of  the  whole  encephalon  had  a  similar  result ;  but 
that  if  only  the  cerebral  hemispheres  and  the  optic  lobes  were  removed, 
the  convulsive  phenomena  developed  in  their  usual  manner.  Admitting 
the  truth  of  these  asserted  facts,  the  conclusion  is  inevitable  that  the 
convulsions  produced  by  carbolic  acid  originate  at  the  base  of  the  brain, 
and  are  epileptiform. 

The  experiments  of  the  two  investigators  are,  with  our  present 
lightj  irreconcilable  ;  but  it  seems  to  me  that  the  results  of  Labee  are 
the  most  probable.  The  experiments  of  Salkowsky  are  insufficient  to 
carry  complete  conviction  :  indeed,  he  states  only  that  convulsive  move- 
ments were  present  to  some  extent  after  section  of  the  cord.  Further, 
according  to  his  own  researches,  the  nerves  and  muscles  are  not 
senousiy  affected  by  the  poisoning  i  and,  this  being  so,  the  coincidence 
of  spinal  convulsions  and  of  paralysis  is  apparently  inexplicable,  and 
seems  to  demand  the  consentaneous  existence  of  an  exalted  and  a 
depressed  state  of  the  spinal  ganglia. 

if.  According  to  La  bee  and  to  Salkowsky,  in  acute  poisoning  the  heart 
is  found  pulsating  regularly  directly  after  death,  but  is  finally  arrested 
in  diastole ;  and  in  slow  poisoning  death  may  be  immediately  produced 
by  diastolic  arrest.  Salkowsky  asserts  that  the  rapidity  of  the  circula- 
tion in  a  frog's  web  can  with  the  microscope  be  seen  to  be  at  first 
increased  by  the  hypodermic  injection  of  the  acid.  Hoppe-Scyler 
found  that  the  arterial  pressure  did  not  vary  much  under  the  action  of 
the  poison  until  the  convulsions  came  on. 

r.  Post-mortem  examinations  of  animals  killed  by  carbolic  acid 
have  yielded  varying  results.  ...JpacfiflfyS^'/*^'^  investigations,  intense 
injection  of  the  alimentary  g^^^  j^^  places.  PjJ^  ^^  observed.  Prof. 
Bruckmuller  found  the  cej^m  ^q  Jq^^  of  the/^^^ys  in  a  state  of  fatty 
degeneration.     l*his  prq^tinesnormaL     hjf'^ly  w:^^  the  counterpart  ot 

♦  Dr.  Wood  addsi-^'^^y  hypertrophied  f^  and  purulent  mflammation  of  the 
bronchial  tubcsj  with  a^r  lobes  of  right  h/f  pncumuaia/'  These  phenomena, 
however,  occurred  only  mj  J^^^j  dailv  ini^o  experimiTitcd  on,  and  Lernairc  justly 
infer?,  that  they  mu?,t  V  fistulous  emovt^'^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^"^  heg^n.  Another,  already 
emphysematous,  had  ^  *        wjg^gej^t ion  ;  but  the  air  passages  were  sound. 


— Eds. 


j^  fistulous  empyj 


ACIDUM  CITRICUM. 


n 


the  changes  In  phosphorus-poisoning,  was  always  more  advanced  b  the 
kidneys  than  in  the  liver.  Neumann  states  that  it  was  found  in  a 
number  of  autopsies,  and  is  a  constant  phenomenon  j  but  SaJkowsky 
was  unable  to  find  it  in  a  number  of  examinations.  (H.  C.  Wood, 
Therap.^  sub  vocej 

AciDUM  Chromicum.    See  Chromium, 

AciDUM  Chrysophanicom,    Sec  Rheum. 


ACIDUM  CITRICUM. 

(Including  Citrus  Lmonum^  the  lemon  *) 
Citric  ^cid.    Obtained  from  lemon-juice^  of  which  It  Is  acid  principle* 

1.  Proa/ingi, — i.  Dr.  G.  O*  ReE5  gave  healthy  man  Jj  of  Icmon-juicc  3  times 
(faily  for  3  d.  Pube,  which  wai^  naturally  75,  and  full,  after  5  doses  was  70,  and 
much  weaker  and  more  comprewiible  ;  therewith  feeling  of  general  depression*  On 
3rd  d.  puUe  66,  and  still  weaker.  Urine  was  always  arid,  and  natural  in  quantity 
till  3rd  d.,  when  it  increased  somewhat:  sp.  gr.  then  1017,  lithic  acid  deficient. 
{Edinb.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.^  i,  141.) 

2.  When  given  in  daily  doses  of  Jtij  Icmon*juice  tcR-iporarily  causes  an  excessive 
acidity  of  the  urine,  and  gives  a  depO!»tt  of  free  lithic  acid,  which  in  the  very  oppoi^itc 
effect  to  that  produced  by  the  citrate  of  potash  and  other  vegetable  acid  salts, 
(Be NCE  Jones,  Med.  limti  and  Caz  ,  1854,  u,  407.) 

n.  Poisoning/, — 1.  During  a  residence  of  twenty  years  in  the  We*t  Indies  I  have 
only  seen  one  caj^e  of  scurvy,  and  that  case  was  decidedly  brought  on  by  the  excessive 
use  of  citric  acidp  which  an  American  f^cmleman  had  been  recommended  to  U!»e  as  a 
preventive  against  the  yellow  fever.     (W.  STEVENS,  On  the  Blood,  p.  451.) 

1,  KlusemaNN  observed  three  cases  of  haemorrhage,  followed  by  death,  appa. 
rently  resulting  from  large  use  of  lemon-juice  in  di^eases  not  naturally  tending  to 
such  events*  The  haemorrhage  was  in  two  cases  from  the  lungs,  in  one  from  the 
bowels.     (Schmidt's  Jahrbikcher^  Ixxiv,  159.) 

HI,  Experiments  on  animals. — 1*  Orfila  ranks  citric  acid  with  the  irritant  poisons* 
With  *^s%  Mitscherlich  killed  a  labbit  in  ao  m.  j  5j  ^^^  ^^^  *^*^^  *  ^a^'g^*'  animal,  but 
Jij  killed  in  27  m. — some  h.  The  animah  showed  the  strong  action  of  the  poison 
upon  the  spinal  cord.  There  was  spasm  of  the  muMles  of  the  back,  of  respiratory 
muscles  and  massetersj  often  opisthotonos.  Sensibility  wa-s  much  diminished^  and 
heart's  impulse  enfeebled*  On  examination  no  inflammatory  appearances  were 
observed  in  stomach  or  bowels.  The  mucous  membrane  was  unJnjected,  but  soft- 
ened in  spots.  The  large  external  veins  were  filled  with  fluid  blood,  and  the  blood 
flowed  easily  from  a  vein  when  opened.  The  blood  itself  was  very  thin,  and  coagu- 
lated slightly^  if  at  all.  The&e  conclusions  agree  with  those  obtained  by  Schroif* 
(SriLLi,  op.  «>,,  sub  voce.) 

^  •*  Dr.  H.  Bcnce  Jones  has  shown  that  Jj  of  lemon *|uice  contains  gr,  17 — 18  ot 
citric  acid,  and  only  gr.  J  of  potash ;  so  that  for  all  practical  purposes  it  may  be 
considered  a  solution  of  free  citric  acid/*     (5/i/itf,) 


x6  ACIDUM  FLUORICUM. 


ACIDUM  FLUORICUM. 

Hydrofluoric  arid^  HFl.    Product  of  action  of  Milphuric  actd  on  fyor 
(fluoride  of  calcium). 

I.  Prtvings, — 1.  a.  Dr.  Hering  smelt  at  acid,  5  p.m.  It  appeared 
to  him  to  proceed  from  throat  to  head.  He  felt  as  if  he  was  to  be 
struck  with  apoplexy,  a  kind  of  determination  of  blood  to  head  and  km 
of  consciousness,  he  could  not  recollect  where  he  was.  There  feUowcd 
sore  throat,  with  diflicult  deglutition  ;  his  throat,  at  fiir  as  beknr 
larynx,  felt  so  sore  that  bread,  though  masticated  venr  thorouffUv, 
could  not  be  swallowed  without  the  greatest  pain.  This  lasted  tdl 
next  m.  after  breakfast,  before  which  there  was  hawking  up  of  much 
phlegm,  mixed  with  some  blood. 

b.  Took  a  traspoonful  of  3rd  dil.  one  afternoon.  Immediately  wiuarioa  of 
warmth  on  lips  and  greasy  feeling  in  mouth.  In  5  m.  headache  in  upper  feiclMad 
and  vertex  towards  r.;  in  10  m.  Might  feeling  of  nausea  and  vcrtm;  in  isntMudol 
sensibility  of  r.  upper  jaw,  reflected,  as  it  were,  in  lower.  1  h.  amr  had  come  onlneM 
towards  r.  in  occiput ;  violent  jerking  in  interior  behind  and  aborc  r.  eyebrow,  ia 
bone ;  some  pain  in  abdomen  after  a  meal  of  fish  and  water-melon,  which  was  <|uile 
unusual ;  and  burning  around  first  bone  of  r.  middle  finger,  with  itching  and  itin|pag 
in  skin.  From  1  to  1  h.  after  supervened  pain  in  lar^-nx,  as  if  in  cartilage,  indncdig 
swallowing ;  slight  numbness  of  r.  joint  of  lower  jaw,  a  continual  sensation  of  warmth^ 
and  as  if  it  would  begin  to  pain  ;  burning  pain  on  outside  of  r.  lower  jaw  on  small 
spot  near  ist  and  ind  molar;  burning  pricking  pain  in  1.  shoulder-blade;  and  pua 
in  1.  arm  above  elbow.  In  e.  pain  m  r.  instep,  followed  by  slight  numbness  of  r. 
thigh,  only  when  crossing  lcg> ;  painful  determination  of  blood  to  forehead,  like  a 
quick  jerk,  on  first  walking  after  standing,  not  after  sitting;  itching,  inducing  him 
to  scratch,  on  both  upper  eyelids ;  sensation  of  fulness  in  both  spermatic  oordss 
creeping  and  severe  itching  on  r.  shoulder,  sometimes  shifting  to  1. ;  and  genermi 
heat  after  little  exercise  (in  n.  special  warmth  in  abdomen,  with  preisure  towarda 
bladder).  That  e.  also,  and  following  m.,  sensation  almost  like  nuh  of  blood,  but 
rather  as  if  of  nervous  seat,  somewhat  resembling  numbness  or  burning,  firvt  in  Cmv. 
head,  afterwards  in  upper  and  lower  jaw  of  same  side,  in  lower  part  of  occiput,  in 
bladder,  and  various  other  places.*  A  cold  bath  in  the  mommg  was  more  than 
ordinarily  agreeable.  In  forenoon  of  this  (ind)  d.  he  had,  whilst  sitting,  a  frequent 
sensation  ota  general  shaking,  with  a  dull  pressure  and  compression  in  occipu^ 
particularly  towards  night,  with  continual  internal  sensations  of  numbness  in  1.  foremra^ 
and  severe  pricking  in  it  whilst  stretching  it.  The  1.  hand  also  felt  numb  (wm 
'*  asleep  *')  m  m.,  and  remained  so  the  whole  fttrenoon.  In  the  course  of  it  came  n 
disposition  to  anxious  ideas,  frequently  to  such  a  degree  that  perspiration  broke 
out ;  sensation  in  r.  ear  as  if  a  singing  wrmid  commence  there ;  an  almost  painftil 
electric  jerk  along  1.  radius  to  thumb,  which  moves  involuntarily ;  in  fleshy  part  o£ 
1.  thumb  violent  burning  stitch,  often  returning  and  passing  out  at  the  end,  and 
beneath  the  nail  painful  sensation,  as  if  something  was  gradually  working  its  way 
out  'y  in  the  1.  little  finger  a  slowly  jerking,  repeated  burning.  During  and  and 
3rd  d.  there  was  decidedly  less  voiding  of  urine.  On  3rd  d.  no  stool;  at  10  a.m» 
on  the  4th  indefinite  {sic)  desire,  and  pappy  evacuation.  On  this  and  the  follow* 
ing  d.  both  hands  were  constantly  led  (on  4th  d.  fiill  and  warm  also,  and  aa  if 
mottled),  and  from  10  to  it  p.m.  there  was  violent  pricking-itching  on  detacbcd 
spots,  mostly  on  1.  side,  particularly  on  side  of  chest  towards  back,  and  on  thigh.  In 
e.  this  itching  affected  several  cicatrices  he  had,  dating  fnim  31  to  1  years  backhand 
all  on  1.  side ;  next  m.  they  were  red  round  their  edges,  and  occupied  here  and 
there  with  itching  vesicles.  Those  of  more  ancient  date  had  larger  vesicles ;  the 
later  ones  were  fiHed  with  very  small  pimples,  but  only  on  cicatricial  tissue,  not  on 


*  This  was  also  experienced  after  the  6th  and  30th  dils. 


ACIDUM    FLUORICUM. 


surrounding  skin.  During  4th  d,  contraction  in  some  jnu«icles  of  neck  on  1,  Me  and 
towards  shoulder,  during  forenoon,  at  rest  and  whikt  rising,  which  after  some  renting 
gradually  sub^itded.  The  pain  seemed  to  i»hift  ftxjm  one  »^ct  of  rnvKclest  to  anorher^ 
but  ^as  always  in  more  than  one.  The  omohyoideiis  was  markedly  affected.  He  had 
also  dctp-seated  pain  in  back,  below  point  of  shoulder  blade,  more  towards  1,,  felt 
most  in  sitting  posture,  particularly  whilst  riding  (al>o  felt  on  9th  d,)  ;  pricking, 
burning  itching  near  coccyx,  towards  r.  5  violent  itching  on  different  spots  especially 
backf  increasing  towards  n  ,  on  this  and  the  next  d. ;  on  back  and  1.  hip  groups  ot 
hmall  red  pimples  appear.  On  5th  d.,  in  m.,  lower  incisor  teeth  have  sensation  of 
roughness,  as  if  broken,  and  tongue  feels  painful  on  touching  them  (thk  continued 
several  days) ;  there  was  more  urination,  even  twice  in  night,  which  h  quite  unusuat 
with  him,  and  more  (hirst  j  he  had  pain  in  1.  index  finger,  as  if  in  bone,  now  and 
then  the  whole  finger  being  painful  internally,  especially  in  e.,  when  also  violent 
itching  occurred,  and  small  vesicles  appeared  on  r.  mdex  \  at  same  time,  on  closing 
eyes  firmly,  he  observed  a  large  bright  ring,  which  quickly  vanished.  On  6th  cT 
nothing  Irtsh  was  noted  ;  but  on  7th  (and  following  days)  he  bad  opprrfssion  in  upper 
part  of  chest,  not  relieved  by  deep  inspiration.  On  8th  and  9th,  there  wasj  during 
forenoon j  in  the  room  and  open  air,  a  headache,  a  partial  fulness,  as  if  something 
wtre  lying  on  a  ^pot  in  L  parietal  bone.  On  9th  d.  it  seemtd  in  m.  as  if  his  coun- 
tenance had  become  all  at  once  wrinkled  and  old.  For  the  first  time  he  felt,dct*ire  to 
scraich  the  head^  without  any  actual  itching;  and  next  m.  there  was  a  great  falling 
uff  of  the  hair*  Deep  in  the  bones,  superior  and  posterior  to  1.  eye,  there  was  occa- 
sional soreness;  and  behind  eye,  towards  temple,  there  had  previously  been  in  h 
nostril  and  forehead  a  pain,  seemingly  in  bone,  as  it  very  deeply  in  interior  something 
sharp-pointed  was  moved  about.  Later  same  pain  occurred  in  posterior  part  of  r, 
eye,  extending  verj'  far  into  upper  jaw.  There  was  also  diffitulty  of  breathing, 
seemingly  from  an  impediment  in  region  of  pit  of  throat  and  upper  chest;  at  same 
time  aching  pimples  appeared  on  the  back,  and  there  was  pain  in  chest  below  point 
of  scapula.  On  this  d.  and  the  following  it  h  noted  that  the  left  kg  readily  went 
to  sleep.  On  loth  d,  he  had  during  his  walk  a  very  severe  itching  on  throat  and 
chest.  Also  in  both  joints  of  the  jaw'^  (worse  in  \.),  painful  spasmodic  contraction 
(had  had  same  sensation  occasionally  before)  j  he  often  breathed  deeply,  as  it  breast 
within  and  below  was  full,  in  forenoon  while  sitting  and  writing  j  and  more  itching 
and  fresh  pimples  came  on  the  back.  On  this  d.  and  the  following,  in  lower  part  of 
entrance  to  fauces,  towards  1.  side,  was  a  raw  feelings  which,  though  little  painful,  he 
apprehended  might  prove  serious.  On  lath  d,  violent  itching  at  J.  inner  canthus  of 
eye,  which  cau^^ed  him  to  scratch  very  quickly  and  forcibly,  and  itching  above  the 
anu^,  sudden  and  most  violent,  often  returning  for  some  days  later.  In  c.  itching 
on  r.  nipple  and  around  it  j  the  nipple  next  morning  much  larger,  redder,  and  the 
areola  darker.  A  thin  brownish  crust  then  formed  on  the  areola.  On  i^th  d.  he 
first  noticed  several  siniall  light  carmine*rcd  round  elevated  blood-vesicle*,  resembling 
little  flesh  warts;  they  are  very  soft  and  compressible,  and  by  a  strong  and  steady 
pressure  the  blood  disappears,  but  immediately  returns  again.  The  largest  is  the  size 
of  a  hemp-seed,  the  smaller  ones  like  millet  seed^t;  some  are  still  smaller,  but  they 
are  very  perceptible  as  light  red  enlargements  of  the  capillaries,  raiding  up  the  cuticle* 
They  lie  below  the  right  nipple  and  on  the  opposing  surface  of  the  right  arm.  Three 
weeks  later  some  of  the  smaller  ones  had  disappeared.  The  larger  had  become 
darker,  somewhat  resembling  nsevi  materni ;  some  are  larger  than  before.  After 
three  months  they  arc  paler.  They  made  their  appearance  and  remained  without  any 
itching.  On  isrh  d,  is  noted  aversion  to  coffee,  and  on  15th  and  i6th  a  very  acrid 
and  strong  odour  of  the  urine.  On  latter  day  a  small  pimj>lc  appeared  on  the  right 
liidc  of  the  face,  and  similar  ones  occurred  there  5  weeks  afterwards. 

Besides  this  daily  record,  it  seems  that  several  times  during  the  first  days,  while 
considering  what  might  happen,  he  got  into  a  most  ungovernable  rage,  but  only  in 
his  thoughts.  During  first  week,  he  had  after  10  a.m.  a  kind  of  shaking  in  the  head, 
particularly  in  the  back  part  of  it,  and  more  towards  r,  when  first  sitting,  during 
each  quick,  short  movement,  on  rising  and  turning,  and  during  walking;  also  fre- 
quent itching  in  eyes,  making  him  scratch,  dull  pains  in  region  of  bladder,  more 
easily  controlled  and  gradually  diminishing  sexual  passion,  and  pain  in  back,  some- 
times high  up  near  shoulder-blades,  sometimes  deeply  seated,  as  it  were  in  region  of 
kidneys.     Every  (orenocm  about  10  to  11  he  became  sleepy  and  tired.     During  fii^t: 


I 


tS 


ACIDUM    FLUORICUM. 


two  weeks  there  was  heat  in  face,  and  dcshe  to  bathe  it  with  cold  water,  which  wa* 
very  grateful;  and  he  hccame  sleepy  earlier  in  the  evening.  In  3rd  week  he  had  in 
€♦  after  retiring  a  jerking^  light  betore  eyes,  crossing  itself  like  lightning.  During  4th 
week  he  was  very  irritahle  towards  people,  even  to  the  greatest  hatred,  which  he  did 
not  hesitate  to  give  vent  to  in  words;  btu  :is  soon  as  he  saw  them  everything  was 
forgotten,  and  he  had  an  entirely  different  opinion  of  iheni.  He  aUo  had  now  and 
then  in  the  evenings  of  this  and  the  following  weeks  a  pain  rcscmbJing  a  con. 
tiision  in  the  ends  of  the  -second  fingers,  an  it  were  In  the  bones.  As  far  as  the  6th 
week,  his  urine  frequently  smelled  very  offensively;  and  at  this  period  wheeling 
during  respiration  was  noticed,  rather  by  others  than  himself  j  though  while  taking 
his  afternoon  siesta,  he  found  he  had  to  bend  backwards  to  draw  a  full  breath.  StiU 
during  this  week  vesicles  arose,  larger  and  smaller,  in  groups,  with  very  sensitive 
itching,  on  nlnar  side  of  r.  thumb  and  radial  side  of  the  neighbouring  index,  leaving 
behind  them  dry  scurfy  'spots.  Even  in  7th  week  he  was  reminded  of  ihc  dnig  by 
sensations  as  of  a  hair  along  the  back  of  the  L  little  finger,  so  that  he  repeatedly 
looked  to  see  if  one  were  not  there. 

The  following  symptoms  also  are  referred  to  the  ^rd,  but  without  note  of  time : 
—Great  disposition^  when  alone,  to  repulsive  fantastic  imaginations,  particularly  with 
regard  to  persons  with  whom  he  stands  in  near  relations,  or  with  whom  he  is  con- 
nected. Indifferent^  showing  no  interest  in  any  occupation.  Sensation  as  if  dangers 
menaced  him,  hut  without  being  afra^l,  particularly  during  the  pressure  in  the  occiput, 
the  staggering,  the  pain  in  the  bladder,  Sic,  Sudden  attacks  of  coryza,  as  suddenly 
disappearing  (also  after  6th  and  30th). 

c.  The  6th  and  joth  were  also  proved,  in  what  manner  is  not  stated^  The 
following  symptoms  are  recorded  as  observed  after  the  6th  i — In  e,  he  is  very  discon- 
tentedt  and  looks  at  ever)'thing  in  the  worst  light ;  in  the  morning,  after  a  restless  night* 
his  temper  is  very  cheeiful  and  joyoui^.  On  making  his  notes  he  mistakes  right  and 
left,  a  circumstance  that  does  not  easily  happen  to  him — and  d.  Dulocss  and  painful 
tension  in  head  towards  nighty  and  d.  In  e.,  after  animated  conversation,  heat  in 
face  and  headache,  like  a  pressing  and  forcing  deep  interiorly  towards  I.  j  appearing 
at  times  and  subsiding  again  j  it  then  passes  to  1,  upper  jaw,  as  if  teeth  ached,  even 
at  those  places  where  roots  of  teeth  had  been  extracted  a  year  ago— md  d.  In 
chewing,  taste  like  ink  ^  seems  to  proceed  from  a  lower  tooth  on  1.  side — md  d« 
With  diarrhiifa,  pain  more  particularly  in  region  of  navel — several  h.  He  feels  as 
if  the  wind  were  retained  in  the  anus.  Before  and  after  urination,  pain  in  lower 
part  of  bladder,  there  is  also  patn  on  pressure— ist  and  2nd  d.  Urmation  more 
frequent — ^several  d.  A  violent,  slightly  burning,  quick  nervous  pain  proceeds  from 
region  of  bladder  down  to  right  thigh,  while  lying  in  bed — ist  d.  Burning, 
shooting  pain,  a^  if  It  were  in  nerve,  from  r.  hip  downwards,  piirticularly  on  inside 
of  knee  ;  further  down  less  distinctly — and  d.  Violent  itchlngs,  and  small  pimples 
here  and  there, 

J.  From  the  30th,  the  following  symptoms  had  been  verified  by  lower  attcnua* 
tions  : — With  his  usual  good  appetite,  he  nevertheless  is  soon  satisfied.  The  e vacua, 
tion  becomes  protracted,  insulncient,  and  lumpy.  On  awaking,  r.  upper  arm  and 
shoulder  feci  bruised  and  benumbed,  after  lying  on  L  side— several  a*  (^Matiria 
Me  Sea  of  A  metric  an  Prtnfings.) 

X.  Dr.  EsRFV,  after  taking  ist,  had  sickness  of  stomach  from  3  to  4  h  i  after 
and,  had  shooting  pain  in  L  forehead,  increased  lachrymation,  soreness  of  wrists  and 
pain  in  corns.     (Jhrd.) 

3.  Dr,  Freitag  took  30th,  followed  by  6th.  From  latter  attenuation  ire 
reported — Headache  in  forehead  and  lemplcti.  Behind  r.  ear  a  pain  which  moves 
upward  in  head  j  at  same  time  in  r.  heel.  Pain  in  r.  ear^4th  d.  Pain  in  r.  side  of 
neck.  Pressing  pain  in  1.  arm,  just  above  elbow,  and  numb  pain  down  forearms  to 
hands.  Acute  needle-pricks  in  fingeri^.  Severe  pain^  in  all  L  toes  save  ist,  after  8th 
dose  J  aUo  pains,  ot  short  duration,  in  L  leg,  arm  and  hand.  Pressure  and  sensation 
of  lameness,  particularly  in  hand,  arm  to  elbow,  and  foot.  After  ^oth  occurred 
(confirmed  by  Hering's  experiment  with  3rd)  pimples  on  abdomen,  but  principally 
on  thighs  and  legs,  points  of  which  soon  formed  a  crust,  and  scaled  off  17  d.  after 
commencing  proving,     {Ihut) 

4.  Dr.  HusEMANN  took  -jolh  and  rst.  From  latter  only  symptom  reported  is — • 
In  c,  of  and  d.,  after  retiring,  on  closing  eyes  red  sparkling*  cioss  each  other  In  all 


ACIDUM  FLUORICUM. 


19 


pwsTble  directions;  this  gradually  rca^s,  and  there  remain*  a  red  flaming  trembling 
for  a  few  m.,  which  disappears  after  opening  ryes.  Symptoms  trom  30th  are  mostly 
trivial,  and  the  few  noteworthy  are  unconfirmed,     (JhiJ,) 

5,  Dr.  Walter  Williamson  took  at  5  p,m.  20  drops  of  5th,  Immediately  felt 
stunning  sensation  in  head,  mo^t  in  fronts  and  stiffness  and  sorenes*  in  nucha.  At 
10  took  teaspoonful  of  i  to  100  solution :  in  i  5  m.  following  symptoms  appeared  in 
succession,— com pre.^Mng  pain  in  r.  frontal  eminence,  dislocative  pain  in  first  joint  of 
r.  little  finger,  drawing  round  L  eye,  pain  in  r.  outer  ankle,  heat  in  sole  of  r.  foot, 
decpj^atcd  pain  below  r.  knee,  with  pain  on  inside,  Article ing  under  ribs  to  L  of 
cnsiform  cartilage,  trembling  in  r,  biceps.  On  9th  heavy  pain  in  1.  half  of  head 
silking  coronal  sutures.  Took  another  teaspoon ftiL  Excessive  languor^  decidedly 
uncomfortable  sensation  in  stomach.  P.m» — Profuse  sour  offensive  perspiration*  free 
rvacuarion  of  bowels  twice.  On  loth,  soreness  in  muscles  of  thighs,  aching  tn  r, 
elbow.joint^  lamene&s  in  L  hip.  On  i  ith,  soreness  and  pain  on  motion  in  K  hip, 
particularly  felt  on  getting  in  and  nut  of  bed ;  elevated  round  and  red  blotches  over 
eyebrows,  most  on  1.,  but  longer-lasting  on  r. ;  in  eyebrows  some  pityriasis^  with 
pricking  sensation.  On  nth  eruptions  continued  through  day,  but  other  symptoms 
were  ab^nt  till  c,,  when  he  had  pricking  sensation  in  ends  of  index  fingftrs,  most  ia 
1.,  and  in  r*  thumb  1  penetrating  pain  in  K  side  of  L  knee;  aching  in  1.  elbow; 
crawling  in  st>le  of  r.  foot;  copious  urine  of  pungent  and  strong  odour;  pain 
in  r.  frontal  eminence  j  aching  in  L  index ;  dryness  of  1.  half  of  palate  and  roof  of 
mouth.     At  n.  swcettsh  taste  in  throat,  and  deep-seated  pain  tn  1.  lumbar  region. 


6,  Dr,  Je  ANEs  took  5  drops  of  3rd.  Immediately  after,  acid  taste  and 
greasy  feeling  in  mouth.  In  5  m,  confusion  and  pain  ih rough  head. 
In  8  m.  pain  in  inner  condyle  of  L  femur ;  In  45  m.  in  r,  hip.  In 
2  h*  burning  feeling  in  sole  of  r»  foot.  In  3  h.  pain  about  r,  wrist  and 
finger-join ts,  in  first  joints  of  toes  of  r.  foot»  in  r.  instep  (with  burning). 
There  was,  after  talcing  doae,  prickling  of  tongue  and  increase  of  saliva 
for  some  h.,  with  afterwards  smarting  feeling  of  palate,  as  if  something 
very  acid  had  been  gargled  ;  feeling  of  tenderness  and  irritability  in 
larynx  ;  coughing  to  clear  throat  causes  feeling  of  soreness,  which 
shows  an  unusual  degree  of  sensibility.     (I^id,) 

7,  Dr.  N£IDHARD  took,  at  9.30  a.m.,  30  drops  of  2nd.  In  a  few 
m,  uneasiness  about  heart,  in  15  m.  aching  there;  after  i  h.  soreness 
and  jerking,  which  in  another  h>  became  painful.  With  cardiac 
uneasiness  began  determination  of  blood  to  head,  with  heat  in  forehead, 
gradually  increasing  to  frontal  headache.  Very  soon  eructation  of 
wind  and  sickness  at  stomach  i  latter  increasing  up  to  2  h.,  with 
general  heat,  heaviness,  and  lameness.  In  15  m.  slight  lameness  in  r. 
arm,  and  burnmg  in  eyes.  Very  soon,  aching  pain  in  sacrum,  and  during 
ISC  and  2nd  h.  jerking  there.  In  1  h.  rheumatic  pain  in  bones  of  I.  arm, 
from  elbow  to  shoulder,  with  lameness.  In  2—3  h.  pyrosis  with 
nausea,  heaviness  above  eyes  and  sick  headache.  In  3 — 4  h.  violent 
burning  pain  in  all  the  toes,  so  that  he  can  hardly  walk  i  soreness  in 
chest.  In  4  h.  pressive  headache  in  both  temples;  toothache,  drawing 
in  1.  lower  jaw ;  still  some  sickness  of  stomach,  with  vertigo  and  head- 
ache ;  occasionally  stitches  and  drawing  through  L  testicle  to  abdominal 
ring  and  spermatic  cord  ;  oppression  with  pain  in  chest ;  small  stitches 
in  side  ;  pain  in  r.  knee-joint  with  some  in  bones  of  r.  forearm.  After 
dinner  some  bitter  eructations.  In  e,  headache  in  r.  forehead  and 
itching  in  r.  internal  canthus  of  eye;  inclination  to  diarrhoea,  two 
stools.     Next  day,  afternoon,  frequent  acid  eructations,  with  pyrosis 


20  ACIDUM  GALLICUM. 

and  passage  of  flatulence  ;  pain  in  r.  upper  arm  in  bone  towards  elbow, 
passing  over  to  1.  ;  two  hard  stools.     {Ibid,) 
8.  Mr.  E.  Smith  proved  ist  and  2nd. 

a,  5  m.  after  taking  40  drops  of  2nd,  there  commenced  an  increased 
flow  of  saliva,  which  caused  him  to  spit  constantly  for  about  lO  m., 
when  he  began  to  feel  a  pain  in  head,  a  sensation  as  if  head  were  too 
heavy,  and  would  drop  down  from  one  side  to  the  other,  also  a  pressing 
outward  from  within  ;  after  this  pin  had  commenced  the  flow  of  saliva 
began  to  diminish,  and  in  about  an  h.  ceased  entirely.  The  feeling  of 
heaviness  in  head  continued  xn  a  diminished  degree  until  going  to  bed  : 
he  awoke  with  it  in  m.,  but  it  ceased  at  9  a.m.  On  bending  the  head 
(stooping)  on  previous  e.  a  dull,  quick  throbbing  pain  came  in  r.  temple, 
lasting  only  a  short  time. 

b.  Soon  after  taking  ist,  at  6  p.m.  10  d.  later,  there  commenced 
the  same  salivation,  with  a  dull  heavy  pain  in  whole  head,  slight  fever 
heat  under  eyes,  sickness  of  stomach  with  desire  to  vomit,  heat  in 
gums,  later  in  pharynx.  These  feelings  passed  away  in  an  hour.  At 
7.30  a  dull  heavy  pain  in  upper  part  of  forehead,  passing  sometimes  to 
upper  part  of  both  temples,  more  particularly  in  1.  This  pain  is 
increased  on  stoopino;.  Shooting  pain  in  bowels,  as  if  from  wind,  some- 
times  very  acute.  Next  m.  there  was  rumbling  there,  with  wandering 
pains.  Dead  feeling  in  r.  knee-joint.  At  10.30  (other  pains  having 
ceased,  save  in  head  and  knee),  a  sore  pain  1.  side  of  the  chest,  as  if 
beneath  skin,  felt  only  on  moving,  and  a  similar  pain  in  1.  scapula. 
He  awoke  in  m.  with  a  slight  pain  in  forehead,  which  soon  passed  away. 
On  getting  up,  pain  in  1.  chest,  as  yesterday.  After  breakfast,  no  pains 
save  on  quickly  moving  head,  which  caused  aching  all  day.     (Ibid.) 

II.  Poisonings, — 1  he  local  effects  of  the  acid  are  those  of  a 
powerful  corrosive  caustic.  This  is  seen  in  the  case  of  fatnl  poisoning 
reported  by  King  (Trans,  of  Path.  Soc.j  xxiv,  98),  where  half  an  ounce 
caused  violent  vomiting,  speedily  followed  by  collapse,  and  death  in  35 
h. ;  in  the  instance  given  by  U ruber  (Oest.  Med.  IP'ochenschrift^  N,5., 
ii,  2,  242),  where  a  minute's  exposure  of  the  hand  to  the  vapour  set  up 
violent  pain,  inflammation,  vesication,  and  suppuration,  with  fever ;  and 
in  the  experiments  of  Kreiner,  who  took  solutions  of  various  strength, 
which  excited  the  objective  and  subjective  symptoms  of  inflammation 
in  mouth  and  throat,  with  vomiting,  followed  by  nausea,  eructations, 
and  lassitude.     (Ibid,) 


ACIDUM  GALLICUM. 

Gallic    arid,    Trioxybenzoic    atid,    HjCjH^O^.HjO.     Prcparctl    by  action  of 

sulphuric  acid  on  galls. 

I.  Pro'vifigs. — 1.  a.  Dr.  D.  S.  Kimball  took,  Sept.  5,  8  a.m.,  gr.  j  of  acid  tritu- 
rated with  gr.  XX  of  white  ^ugar.  Incrcaved  ifc'crction  of  pale  urine  and  distenuon 
of  bladder  at  i  p.m. ;  when  eating  at  3  found  appetite  diminished  and  taste  lest 
acute  than  at  breakfast.  6th.  Towards  m.  gnawing,  faint  and  sick  seniuitioii  in 
bowels.  Evacuation  at  noon,  leaving  a  smarting,  aching,  faint,  sick,  hungry  and 
gnawing  sensation  in  bowrU,  extendmg  to  stomar}i,  with  nausea,  lasting  most  of 
afternoon  j   smaiting,  especially  in    rectum.     Awoke   from   afternoon  fiekta  with 


ACIDUM  HYDROCYANICUM. 


21 


urmc  and  Madder  symptoms  of  yesterday,  7th.  Same  *^ymptoms  only  less  intense, 
wirh  photophobia,  At  9  p.m.,  pain  in  r,  lung,  lessened  on  lying  down.  8th.  On 
risings  same  pain,  increased  by  coughing  and  full  inspiration.  (Had  had  congestion 
of  lung«,  especially  r,  9  mo.  previouri.)  Inhaled  aconite.  In  e,  puin  somewhat 
increased.  Next  m.,  sorcnejiis  felt  at  seat  of  pain  on  gaping,  cougnmgi  and  deep 
breathing.     Took  phosphorus,  and  symproms  disappeared. 

b,  March  14.. — Had  already  such  sensations  in  bo^vels  as  produced  by  medicine, 
with  hemorrhoidal  irritation  after  stool— "relics  of  an  old  dynpepsia,"  also  much 
post-nasal  catarrh.  Three  grains  of  Ix  were  triturated  with  10  gr.  of  white  sugar, 
and  3  gr.  of  resulting  powder  taken  at  8.30  and  6,50.  M.  stool  that  d»  delayed 
till  3  pm.;  next  m.  all  symptoms  better,  but  urine  increased  7  oz  ,  and  gums  sore 
on  L  side  round  decayed  tooth.  15th.  Took  two  doses  as  ye<terday.  Urine  still 
copious.  In  aft.  and  c.  photophobia  and  burning  itching  of  lids  ;  dryness  in  mouth 
and  throat,  and  bad  taste.  In  m.  some  aching  in  midd^  and  upper  part  of  lungs^ 
more  in  1  ,  extending  through  muscles  of  neck  and  r.  shoulder,  and  down  upper 
spine,  especially  on  moving  and  turning  head.  Also  frequent  itching  of  skin  in 
various  places.  i6th.  At  same  hours,  took  gr.  iij  and  iv  of  Ix  trit.  Aching  gradu- 
allv  gone  off;  photophobia  and  palpebral  itching  continued  that  day,  and  till  the 
19th.  Increasing  doses  (to  gr.  xxvij)  were  taken  on  iStb  and  19th,  with  progressive 
improvement  in  morbid  symptoms  and  production  of  nothing  Fresh,  Urine  now  had 
some  red  sediment. 

f.  On  several  subsequent  occasions,  took  \x  trit.  for  such  symptoms,  always  with 
relief,  and  generally  with  development  of  diuresis  and  itching  here  and  there  on  skin. 


ACIDUM   HYDROCYANICUM. 

(With  AmycoaLa  amara,  the  bitter  almond  ;   Laurocerasus,  the  cherry- 
laurel;  and  Kali  cyanatitMj  the  cyanide  of  potassium.') 

Pnissic  acid,  A  compound  of  hydrogen  and  cyanogen — the  latter  itself  consist- 
ing of  carbon  and  nitrogen  in  combination.  It  is  the  poisonous  element  in  cherry* 
lavirel  water  and  oil  of  bitter  almonds;  but  is  obtained  for  meilicinal  purposes  by 
distilling  the  yellow  prussiate  of  potash  with  sulphuric  acid  and  water. 

I,  Prayings,^!,  a.  Assmann  took  on  May  21st,  at  7  a.m,,  gtt.  j 
of  Vauquelin's  acid  (3*3  per  cent,)  in  3j  water.  Felt  nothing  but  slight 
scraping  in  larynx  soon  after  and  some  weariness  about  noon.  At  3 
pjn,  took  gtt.  ij^  in  3j  water.  In  few  m,  confusion  of  head,  dimness 
and  fog  before  eyes^  and  feeling  in  head  like  slight  intoxication  ;  tension 
in  forehead^  considerable  scraping  in  larynx,  [n  e.  marked  weariness 
of  whole  body,  and  especially  of  legs.  At  n.  long  and  deep  sleep. 
More  mucus  than  normal  secreted  and  coughed  up  from  trachea  in  c. 
May  22nd.  Took  at  7  a,m,  gtt.  iij  in  ^"^j  water.  Almost  immediately 
mist  before  eyes,  heaviness  and  pressive  sensation  in  forehead,  and 
compression  of  whole  head;  scraping  in  larynx.  In  \  h.  respiration 
oppressed  j  after  i  h.  could  not  move  body  withotjt  effort.  With  this, 
depression  of  spirits,  and  disinclination  for  all  bodily  or  mental  work, 
all  day,  At  9  a,m,  sensation  in  chest  as  \f  constricted  across,  without 
pain.  Appetite  gone  at  noon,  but  unusually  ravenous  in  afternoon. 
Pulse  unaltered, 

b.  May  26th,  at  8  a.m,,  took  gtt.  j  of  Ittner*s  acid  (10  per  cent.) 
in  3j  water.     Soon  after  general  confusion  of  head  and  some  weariness 

•  "  The  venena  cyanica  all  act  in  proportion  to  the  prussic  acid  ihey  contain  or 
repre^nt ;  they  are  partly  products  of  the  vegetable  kingdom^  and  partly  artificial 
chemical  products."     (Bo£iiM,  op.  cit»,  p.  498} 


i« 


22  ACIDUM   HYDROCYANICUM. 

for  some  h.  June  ist,  3  p.m.,  took  gtt.  iij  in  ,^j  water.  Soon  scraping; 
in  larynx,  contusion  and  dull  feeling  of  pain  in  forehead.  Slight 
pressure  and  tightness  of  chest.  In  m.  prostration  and  weariness. 
June  2nd,  8  a.m.,  took  gtt.  iij  in  ^j  water.  Immediately  obscuration 
of  vision,  with  sensation  of  intoxication,  and  an  out-pressing  pain, 
gradually  becoming  more  violent,  shooting  and  boring,  in  forehead  and 
orbits.  Some  m.  later  tickling  and  scraping  in  larvnx,  causing 
frequent  drv  cough.  At  same  time  pressure,  afterwards  snooting  pain, 
in  both  sides  of  chest,  respiration  became  difRcult  and  deep,  and  all 
movements,  especially  walking,  became  difficult,  and  brought  on  per- 
spiration. The  dim  sight  and  pain  in  head  soon  went  off,  but  then 
came  on  palpitation  and  flying  shoots  in  heart.  Soon  after  taking  dose 
there  was  eructation  with  taste  of  acid,  and  after  this  feeling  of  lump 
lying  in  and  pressing  on  stomach,  gradually  changing  to  shooting  pain, 
which  subsided  after  a  time,  leavmg  sense  of  pressure.  At  9  a.ni., 
after  eating  bread  and  butter,  discomfort  with  loathing,  afterwards 
heartburn  and  waterbrash^  with  great  flow  of  saliva.  At  noon  these 
symptoms  were  allayed,  and  he  had  increased  hunger  with  dislike  of 
food.  At  I  p.m.,  on  going  out,  violent  hiccup  lasting  i  h.,  going  off 
after  cup  of  coffee,  but  frequently  recurring  in  afternoon,  especially 
after  drinking  water.  Weakness,  exhaustion,  ill-humour  and  anorexia 
lasted  till  late  in  evening,  and  pain  in  forehead  and  chest  recurred 
occasionally.  Pulse  but  little  slower  than  normal.  No  increase  of 
urine.  Tendency  to  heat  and  perspiration.  (JoRC,  Mat,  zuein.  kmnft. 
Heilm.j  1825.) 

2.  a.  Heisterbergk  took.  May  20th,  at  3  p.m.,  gtt.  )  of  Vauque- 
lin's  acid  in  Jj  water  without  effect.  May  21st,  at  8  a.m.,  gtt.  j,  at  3 
p.m.  gtt.  ij  in  ^j  water.  No  effect  from  first;  15  m.  after  second 
pressive  sensation  in  forehead  for  some  m.  Pulse  regular.  May  22nd, 
at  8  a.m.,  gtt.  iij  in  ^]  water.  Scraping  in  gullet,  pulse  irregular  in 
force  of  some  beats  for  10  m.  In  first  ^  h.  some  flying  stitches  in  r. 
5th  and  6th  ribs  near  sternum.     Slight  pressure  in  forehead. 

h.  May  25th,  at  8  a.m.,  gtt.  j  of  Ittner's  acid  in  3j  water.  Only 
slight  scraping  in  throat.  IVJay  16th,  at  8  a.m.,  gtt.  ii  in  3j.  Sym- 
ptoms as  on  22nd,  but  pain  in  chest  was  pressive.  May  28th,  at  8 
a.m.,  gtt.  iij  in  3J-  Scraping  and  tickling  in  throat  and  pressive  pain 
in  chest,  lasting  \  h.  In  afternoon,  shooting  for  20  m.  under  r.  short 
ribs.     {Uld.) 

3.  a.  Kneschke  took.  May  20th,  3.30  p.m.,  gtt.  J  of  Vauquelin's 
acid  in  3j  water.  In  5  m.  slight  confusion  of  head  on  r.  side,  extending 
from  occiput  to  forehead  and  causing  slight  pressure  there,  lasting  15 
m.  May  21st,  7  a.m.,  gtt.  j  in  3J*  i"  3  m«  confusion  in  r.  side  of 
head,  with  slight  pressure  in  occiput  and  sinciput  of  same  side,  lasting 
45  m.  Slight  scraping  in  throat  from  8  a.m.  till  noon.  At  3.30  p.m. 
gtt.  ij  in  3j.  In  i  m.  confusion  of  whole  head,  with  transient  vertigo. 
5  m.  later  a  more  violent  pressure  in  occiput  and  sinciput,  mostly  on  r. 
side,  for  i  h.  Confusion  lasted  till  n.,  and  so  did  a  troublesome 
scraping  in  throat,  which  came  on  }  h.  after  taking  acid,  like  what 
occurs  after  eating  freely  of  walnuts.  Slept  quietiv  and  soundly.  May 
22nd,  7  a.m.,  gtt.  iij  in  ^j.     In  4  m.  a  peculiar  stupefaction  and 


ACIDUM   HYDROCYANICUM. 


^3 


verttgo;  surroun<ling  objects  seemed  to  be  moving,  and  a  slight  veil 
was  before  eyes.  Could  with  difficulty  stand  on  feet.  In  %  m.  this 
went  off,  and  was  followed  by  confusion  and  pressure  in  head  as  before^ 
lasting  till  noon,  going  off  then  in  open  air*  Scraping  came  on  imme- 
diately after  taking  dose,  and  lasted  till  e.  Ate  heartily  at  noon,  and 
at  2  p.m.  felt  quite  well.  After  this  great  prostration  and  lassitude, 
could  not  work,  irresistible  yawning  and  sleepiness^  must  go  to  sleep 
for  an  h*  On  being  awakened,  felt  quite  stupid  in  head  and  must  go  to 
sleep  again.  After  ^  h.  more  woke  pretty  thoroughly,  but  confusion 
in  head  lasted  till  e.  in  afternoon  passed  much  watery  urine,  causing 
burning  in  the  urethra  as  it  passed.  Pulse  at  4  p.m.  5  beats  slower 
than  usual,  normal  in  e.  Slept  soundly  and  quietly.  May  23rd« 
Another  dose  of  j  drops  caused  same  succession  of  symptoms  as  on 
previous  day,  but  slighter  in  degree, 

h.  May  24th.  Took  gtt.  \  of  Ittner's  acid  at  7  a.m.  in  5j  water. 
Confusion,  pressure  and  scraping  folio wed^  but  were  slight  and  brief. 
On  May  15th,  gtt.  j  brought  them  on  again,  and  they  lasted  till  noon. 
May  26th,  at  7  a.m.,  took  2  drops.  Immediately  vertigo,  lasting  some 
m.  Then  confusion  and  painful  pressure  (always  worse  on  r.  side)  till 
2  p.m.  Head  thence  frcer^  but  lassitude  and  weariness  till  late  in 
evening.  Scraping  all  day  :  diuresis  without  scalding^  Sleep  sound. 
On  27th,  3  drops  produced  same  effect,  and  from  9  to  noon  peculiar 
sore  feeling  in  skin  ot  thighs.      {Ihid,) 

4.  a.  Otto  took,  May  20th,  3,30  p.m.^  gtt.  \  of  Vauquelin*s  acid. 
In  15  m,  scraping  as  with  others,  lasting  till  7,  In  i  h.  slight  pressure 
in  sinciput,  giving  place  to  peculiar  sensation  in  upper  nasal  fossx  ;  it 
seemed  as  if  mcphitic  air  passed  through  them  to  Schnciderian  mem- 
brane, causing  prickling  sensation  in  latter.  Pressure  on  head  lasted 
till  5.30  p.m.,  gradually  increasing,  but  not  amounting  to  actual  patn. 
At  same  time  contraction  of  chest,  with  stitches  there  on  taking  deep 
breath.  May  21st,  at  7.30  a.m.,  gtt.  j  in  ,^j  water.  Scraping  as  before.  At 
9  tightness  of  chest,  with  slight  pressure  in  cardiac  region,  followed 
soon  by  pressure  in  head  from  vertex  to  both  frontal  regions  and  orbits, 
where  it  fixed  itself;  also  pressure  from  occiput  to  nape.  Though  not 
pain,  this  pressure  caused  slight  confusion  of  head.  Between  9  and  10 
extraordinary  weariness  and  drowsiness.  At  11.30  all  right,  except 
occasional  slight  pressure  here  and  there  in  head*  At  3.30  p*m,,  2 
drops.  Scraping  became  a  peculiar  prickling  irritation  from  larynx  to 
low  down  in  trachea,  exciting  hacking  cough.  Windpipe  felt  as  when 
hoarseness  occurs  after  chill,  or  when  dog-hips  have  been  eaten,  and 
some  of  the  hairs  remain  in  the  gullet.  At  7  this  changed  into  dry 
feeling  of  mouth  and  larynx.  Soon  after  affection  of  windpipe  showed 
itself  there  was  tightness  of  chest,  but  no  stitches.  Once  only  there 
was  concurrent  pressure  on  right  side  of  thorax  :  pulse  then  fell  from 
65  to  6o.  1  h.  after  dose,  pressure  began  in  occiput,  and  spread  to 
forehead,  nearly  amounting  to  pain  j  with  it  confusion.  Pulse 
now  55  to  58.  Urine  passed  more  frequently,  but  not  out  of 
proportion  to  fluid  taken.  By  7  nearly  well,  but  pulse  continued  down 
till  bedtime.  May  22nd,  at  7. 1 5  a.m.,  gtt,  iij  in  ^j-  I'^  ^5  t^«  ft;lt  as 
if  everything  moved  slowly  about  him,  and  became  giddy  without 


24  ACIDUM  HYDROCYANICUM. 

staggering ;  at  same  'time  usual  pressure  on  1.  side  of  head.  Eyes 
seemed  immoveable,  fixed  on  one  point,  pupils  somewhat  dilated,  after- 
wards contracted,  and  remaining  so  all  day.  Pulse  less  energetic,  some- 
times strong,  sometimes  weak,  and  quickened  from  62  to  68.  This 
state,  resembling  intoxication,  lasted  10—15  m.,  then  suddenly  ceased, 
and  in  ^  h.  felt  quite  well.  But  this  feeling  was  disturbed  by  tightness 
of  chest  and  dyspnoea ;  felt  as  if  he  could  not  expand  lungs  propeHy. 
After  this, again  pressure  in  head,  this  time  more  on  r.  side;  afterwards 
drowsiness,  which  he  could  resist,  though  he  often  yawned.  At  lO  a.m. 
pulse  again  60.  All  symptoms  gone  by  11.30.  May  23rd,  at  7.15 
p.m.,  gtt.  iij  again,  followed  by  same  symptoms.  Notes  that  eyelids 
were  wide  open.  Pressure  on  head  jumped  from  spot  to  spot ;  and, 
with  drowsiness,  lasted  during  afternoon.     Diuresis  again  noticed. 

b.  May  24th,  at  8  a.m.,  gtt.  \  of  Ittner's  acid  in  3j  water.  Scraping, 
tension  of  chest,  slight  quickening  and  irregularity  of  heart,  and 
shifting  pressure  in  head,  recurred.  First  and  last  continued  till  e. 
May  25th,  at  8  a.m.,  i  drop.  Scraping  worse,  combined  with  shooting  ; 
relieved  towards  11,  but  left  feeling  as  if  larynx  were  swollen,  and 
thereby  narrowed  and  pressing  on  neighbouring  parts  \  no  dysphagia. 
Chest,  heart,  and  head  symptoms  as  before  ;  thinking  rather  difficult, 
and  unsolicited  thoughts  come  into  his  mind.  May  26tb,  8  a.m.,  2 
drops.  Scraping  and  shooting  were  accompanied  with  increased  mucous 
secretion  and  spitting.  Tension  of  chest  and  pressure  in  head  amounted 
to  pain :  after  these  had  lasted  an  hour,  rumbling  in  abdomen  came 
on,  then  sudden  pain  in  r.  renal  region,  extending  to  epigastrium,  and 
thence  all  over  abdomen,  with  sense  of  heat  therein.  Abdominal 
symptoms  lasted  an  hour ;  with  them,  copious  flow  of  saturated  urine. 
Felt  unwell  generally  ;  had  several  cold  chills  and  shivering.  At  noon 
great  drowsiness.  Scraping  lasted  till  bedtime,  and  pressure  in  head 
recurred  here  and  through  the  day.  In  evening  weariness  and  bruised 
feeling  of  whole  body.     (Ibid.) 

5.  JoRG  took.  May  31st,  at  9  a.m.,  gtt.  i  of  Vauquelin's  acid  in  ,^j, 
without  effect.  At  3  p.m.,  gtt.  j.  Pressure  in  head  after  i  h.  like 
that  of  others,  lasting  off  and  on  till  e.  Between  5  and  6  shooting 
inside  chest,  at  spot  corresponding  to  1.  nipple.  Drowsy  next  m. 
June  1st,  at  9  a.m.,  2  drops.  Constrictive  sensation  immediately  at 
root  of  tongue,  leading  on  to  scraping,  followed  by  much  mucus  all  day. 
Shifting  pressure  in  head  all  day,  from  }  h.  after  dose.  Little  appetite 
for  noonday  meal,  mouth  dry  before  and  after  it.  From  2  p.m.  gloomi- 
ness and  ill-humour,  going  off  in  open  air  at  8.  From  10  a.m.  till 
8  p.m.,  pulse  5  or  6  beats  slower  than  ordinary.  Slight  shooting  at 
lower  sternum  for  5  m.,  3 — 4  p.m.  At  7,  while  driving  in  a  springless 
carriage  which  shook  him  much,  slight  rigor  and  mist  before  eyes. 
This  lasted  only  a  few  m.,  but  he  felt  as  if  exhausted  from  prolonged 
brain  exertion.  This  went  gradually  off,  but  frequent  attacks  of 
chilliness  supervened,  removed  only  by  walking  briskly.  On  2nd,  3rd, 
and  4th,  felt  not  as  strong  and  well  as  usual,  irritable,  and  indisposed 
to  mental  work,  and  had  several  attacks  of  shooting  headache,  at  various 
spots,  lasting  ^  h.  to  I  h.     {Ibid.) 

6.  CouLLON  took,  by  degrees,  20,  30,  50,  60,  80,  and  86  drops  of 


ACIDUM   HYDROCYANICUM. 


^5 


tolerably  concentrated  acid  diluted  with  same  quantity  of  water.  After 
first  named  doses  perceived  nothing  unusual ;  after  latter  salivation 
commenced  at  once,  and  lasted  several  m.,  with  two  or  three  feeble 
attempts  to  vomit*  Pulse,  previously  57,  rose  to  77*,  after  an  h.  as 
before.  For  several  m.  head  felt  confused,  and  a  slight  pain  under  skin 
of  occiput  lasted  more  than  6  h.  He  had  also  praecordial  anxiety, 
alternating  with  slight  throbbing  pain  in  part,  not  increased  by  pressure. 
{Recherches^  1819,  pp.  127,  193.) 

7.  Preyer,  during  his  experiments  with  h.  acid  from  1867  to 
1869,  became  very  sensitive  to  it,  and  a  single  olfaction  of  very  dilute 
gas  produced  intense  scraping  in  soft  palate,  frequent  headaches  lasting 
for  hours,  feeling  of  fulness  in  head,  and — on  repeated  smelling  — 
un definable  pains  in  chest  with  constriction  and  great  lassitude*  {Die 
Bkvsaure^  1870O 

8.  Ittner  (1809),  after  breathing  h.  acid,  noticed  transient  con- 
fusion and  slight  giddiness.  The  same  thing  showed  itself  if  he  look  4 
or  5  drops  of  his  (nearly  10  per  cent.)  acid  dropped  upon  sugar.  On 
inspiring  acid  from  ethereal  solution  he  immediately  felt  powerful 
constriction  of  chest,  and  respirations  became  difficult.  After  J  h- 
smart  chill  alternating  with  heat,  confusion,  and  vertigo.  Heat  lasted 
about  12  h.;  vertigo,  constriction,  and  lassitude  nearly  8  d.,  which  he 
passed  in  bed*  During  the  first  days  it  appeared  to  patient  as  if  spleen 
were  enlarged.     After  14  d.  complete  recovery.     {Ihid,) 

9*  Wedemeyer  (181 7)  writes  that  one  drop  of  acid  (apparently  9 
per  cent.)  placed  on  tip  of  tongue  produced  long-lasting  feeling  of 
numbness  in  spot  touched,  and  in  voluntary  muscles  feeling  of  great 
weakness.  After  experimenting  with  acid,  while  still  fasting,  for 
several  successive  mornings  in  his  own  bedroom,  he  had  for  whole  d, 
such  severe  giddiness,  without  headache,  that  he  reeled  about  the  street 
like  a  drunken  man,  and  could  see  nothing  clearly*     {Ihid,) 

10.  In  a  pathogenesis  contained  in  vol.  i  of  Hartlaub  and  Trinks' 
ArxneimittilUhn^  purporting  to  belong  to  Laurocerasus  (Kirschlorbeer), 
but  containing  also  effects  of  bitter  almonds  and  h.  acid,  the  following 
symptoms  are  ascribed  to  the  acid  by  Hartlaub  : 

Want  of  courage  and  of  power  to  think.  Memory  weakened. 
Dizziness  (soon  after  taking  it)*  Very  violent,  stupefying  headache  j 
brain  seemed  to  beat  against  skull  on  stooping  head*  Sunken  features^ 
Complexion  earthy,  grey.  Fluids  drunk  rumble  audibly  through  oeso* 
phagus  and  bowels,  Furred  tongue.  Tongue  white  and  rather  dry* 
Anorexia.  Excessively  weak  and  exhausted.  Very  chilly  j  he  is  cold 
to  touch.     Dry  skin.     Pulse  weak  and  slow. 

11.  A.  W,  Woodward,  M.D, — 8  a.m.,  health  sound,  pulse  65, 
regular  ;  took  one  minim  U.  S.  P.,  on  sugar.  Immediately  before 
swallowing,  stoppage  of  nose  and  constriction  of  throat,  with  difficult 
breathing  as  if  glottis  was  closed  ;  after  swallowing,  repeated  eructations 
and  feeling  of  lump  in  stomach.  8.2*  Constriction  of  throat  returns, 
forehead  moist  and  clammy,  pulse  74,  weak,  thin,  irregular.  8.10.  Slight 
vertigo,  increased  by  motion  \  pulse  86,  weak  and  thready  ;  exercise 
causes  oppressed  breathing  and  slight  nausea,  with  sweat  on  face  and 
hands*      8,15,    No  appetite  for   breakfast j    a   few  mouthfuls   cause' 


26  ACIDUM  HYDROCYANICUM, 

nausea  and  desire  for  stool,  with  renewed  oppression  of  chest  and 
palpitation  of  the  heart ;  pulse  90.  8.22.  Feels  semi-intoxicated  ; 
increased  vertigo  ;  face  flushed  ;  considerable  restlessness,  with  dyspeptic 
fulness  of  stomach  i  occasional  sneezing  at  this  time  ;  pulse  96,  weak. 
9.  Urgent  call  to  stool,  copious  and  mushy  ;  felt  very  weak  afterwards, 
VI  ith  general  perspiration  ;  sour  eructations  attend  stool,  with  bintness 
and  oppression  of  chest  as  of  a  load  ;  languor  and  sleepiness  followed. 
10.30.  Neuralgic  pain  in  right  hip  and  thigh,  afterwards  in  region  of 
heart;  constant  perspiration;  occasional  sour  eructations;  puUe  72; 
frequent  yawning  past  hour.  12.30.  Sinking  at  stomach,  but  cannot 
eat ;  sexual  excitement  without  cause ;  called  to  urinate  soon  after. 
Languor  and  dull  headache  until  3  p.m.  Well  as  usual  afterwards. 
(  Communicated.) 

12.  Cherry.iaurel  'water.  Aqua  Laurocera«i.— Prepared  according  to  Phirm. 
Saxon. y  DrcMlcDf  iSaOyO.  168.  One  pound  of  fre»h  cherry-Uurel  leaves  cot  into 
shreds,  one  ounce  of  highly  rectified  spirits  of  wine,  and  six  pounds  of  common  water 
are  mixed,  and  three  pounds  of  liquid  extracted  by  distillarion.  This  constitutes  the 
preparation.* 

£ngler  began  with  5  drops  on  June  8th,  iSsi,  at  8  a.m.»  and  found  after  it 
that  pulse  was  slower  by  a  few  beats.  On  lotb  at  8  a.m.  increased  dose  at  once  to 
10  drops.  Experienced  all  through  forenoon  constant  taste  and  smell  of  bitter 
almonds,  dryness  of  mouth,  together  with  scraping  feeling  in  throat,  and  slight  head- 
ache on  1.  side.  Pulse,  previously  70  and  over,  beat  scarcely  60  in  m.  All  thrtc 
symptoms  disappeared  after  jniddav  meal.  1  ith. — After  15  drops  same  effects  as  «m 
previous  day.  15th. — Atter  so  cirops  at  8  a.m.  dr)-nes«  of  mouth  and  scraping  in 
throat  came  on  more  moderately  than  on  loth,  but  headache  lasted  lunger^  and 
appetite  was  unusually  keen.  Pulse  retarded  by  a  few  beats,  but  returned  to  normal 
soon  after  midday.  On  18th  took  25  drops,  and  during  whole  day  perceived  nothing 
of  above-named  dryness  in  mouth  or  scraping  feeling  in  throat;  complained  only  of 
dull  pressing  pain  spreading  over  whole  of  1.  side  of  head,  lasting  obstinately  for  many 
hours.     Pulse  less  markedly  altered  than  after  previous  small  doses.     (JoRC,  0/.  ri/.} 

13.  GCntz  on  June  6th  at  8  a.m.  took  5  drops  without  any  effect.  After 
10  drops  on  7th  remarked  10  m.  afterwards  that  pulse  sank  to  65,  and  10  m.  after 
dose  of  15  drops  on  8ih  to  60  beats,  i  ith.— Inciea^rd  dt)se  to  so  drops.  Pulse 
si  u'kened  as  bct'ore,  only  after  this  dose  slight  headache  came  on.  After  15  drops 
on  f  5th  pulse  was  again  slow,  headache  again  present,  and  1  h.  after  taking  dose 
hands  became  tremulous.     All  these  symptoms  vanished  at  10  a.m.     (Ibiti,) 

14.  Haase  on  Mar.  19th  took  10  drops,  and  on  following  day  15,  Ap.  ist  ao, 
Ap.  ind  25  drops,  each  time  at  8  a.m.  (after  having  previously  diunk  in  the  early 
morning  a  quantity  of  milk),  without  perceiving  any  alteration  in  his  condition. 
On  Ap.  4th  repeated  dose  of  25  drops,  and  noticed  after  about  10  m.  that  pulse  was 
a  few  beats  slower.  Towards  2  p.m.  pressing  pain  on  I.  side  of  forehead  set  in,  but 
did  not  last  above  15  m.  On  June  6lh  10  drops,  on  7th  15,  nth  20,  12th  15,  and 
on  I  5th  30  drops  were  taken  without  any  effect.  On  June  19th,  towards  7  p.m.,  row 
to  35  drops,  and  15  m.  later  felt  slight  decrease  in  pulse  beats,  followed  snortly  by 
pressing  pain  in  right  parietal  bone  near  vertex,  increased  by  touching  this  spot.  On 
20th  40  drops  swallowed  towards  7  p.m.  gave  rise  only  to  slackening  of  pulse  by  a 
few  beats.     (IbiJ.) 

15.  HEisrERBkRGK.  on  June  6th  at  8  a.m.  took  10  drops  in  about  6  parti  of 
water  and  found  no  effect.  Pulse  remained  normal,  67  to  70.  On  loth  raised  dote 
to  20  drops,  and  i}  h.  later  noticed  trifling  heaviness  of  head;  pulse  as  on  6th. 
nth. — 30  drops  taken  at  8  o^clock  caused  after  an  hour*s  time  feeling  ot  heavineat 
in  head.  '^  This  heaviness  lasting  2  h.  was  not  actual  pain,  but  resembled  that 
which  occurs  at  the  commencement  of  a  coryza  or  after  a  debauch.'*  On  15th  roae 
to  35  drops,  and  after  it  felt  indisposed  as  on  nth.  On  19th,  15  m.  after  a  dose  of 
50  drops  taken  at  6  p.m.,  pulse  became  smaller  and  slower  (60  to  63),  and  above* 

*  According  to  the  Pharm.  Bonissica  this  water  is  as  strong  again* 


ACmUM   HYDROCYANICUM. 


27 


Tnentioned  feeling  of  heavintss  in  head  came  on  1 5  m.  later.  Although  not  wone 
than  on  previotis  day  it  spread,  especially  towards  forehead,  and  lasted  till  10  p.m. 
lOth. — 60  drops  taken  at  8  a,m* ;  poise  after  a  while  smaller  and  slower  (59  to  63), 
but  not  irregular  ^  i  h.  hiter  heaviness  in  head  came  on  again,  especially  in  anterior 

f»art,.  accompanied  with  moderate  pressure  in  orbits  as  if  eyeballs  were  rather  too 
arge  for  bony  cavities.  At  10  ajn<  pulse  was  again  regular,  and  at  i  p.m.  heari- 
ness  in  head  and  pressure  in  orbits  had  vanished,  a  frugal  dinner  being  meanwhile 
consumed  with  aest.  On  10th,  at  3  p,m,,  took  iii  drops  ail  at  once,  and  perceived 
10  m.  later  feeling  of  heaviness  in  forehead  and  pressure  in  orbits,  but  not  worse  than 
in  fonncr  experiments ;  15  m.  after  dose  puUc  was  small,  contracted,  and  >lower  (58 
to  59).  Towards  7  p.m.  head  was  again  quite  free  and  pulse  rifgular.  June  Z2(id, 
80  drops  taken  at  8  a,m,  after  eating  a  quantity  oi  bread  and  butter  1  b.  previously  { 
perceived  heaviness  in  head,  though  very  trifling  j  pressure  jn  orbits  not  at  all,  and 
pulue  somewhat  smaller,  but  not  slower  than  usuaL  Notwithstanding  that  Hbk* 
took  drug  in  very  large  doses  he  testt6es  that  no  other  effect  had  followed  in  his  case, 
no  headache,  giddiness,  tremor  of  limbs,  or  obfu«cation  of  senses  was  pre-smt.  (Jlfht) 
16.  Meurer  took  5  drops  at  5  p,m.  on  March  z8th  without  any  eifecf.  Mar,. 
39thy  at  9  a,m,,  to  drops,  followed  after  lapse  of  5  m.  by  pressing  headache  in  frontal 
region,  lasting  4  h.,  and  then  vanishing  gradually;  pulse  was  somewhat  slower,  but 
remained  full  ;ind  regular.  After  dinner,  eaten  with  zest,  could  not  resist  temptation 
to  sleep,  and  slept  lunger  than  accustomed  to  do  occasionally  at  other  times  after 
dinner  9  j  ,J  h,  laier  was  quite  well  again.  Mar.  30th,  8  a.m.,  again  took  10  drops  j 
after  few  minutes  pressing  headache  appeared,  attacking  forehead  and  occiput 
alternately,  and  after  ^  h,  vanished  gradually.  Pulse  t^  beats  per  m.  slower.  Was 
altogether  much  fatigued.  3isr,  8  a.m.,  15  drops  taken,  followed  by  some  lessening 
in  frequency  of  pulse,  as  also  by  headache,  worse  at  one  time  in  forehead,  at  another 
in  occiput,  but  ^It  worst  and  most  continually  above  orbits.  To-day  there  came  on 
peculiar  sensation  in  region  of  stomach ;  he  cannot  call  it  nausea,  though  it  resem* 
blcs  feeling  that  precedes  vomiting.  Was  likewise  again  much  fatigued,  and 
remained  whole  day  more  passive  than  active.  Ap.  1st,  8  a.m,,  15  drops.  Experi* 
enced  above*mentioned  patn  in  head,  which  ceased  as  long  as  he  remained  in  open 
air  (i  h.),  weather  being  fine  and  cold  with  morning  wind,,  but  became  worse  in 
heated  room,  where  he  felt  particularly  bud  and  much  fatigued;  sensation  of  nausea 
in  region  of  stomach  set  in  i  contrary  to  custom  fell  asleep  at  noon,  and  only  awoke  at 
three,  although  he  had  slept  well  previous  n. ;  ate  towards  e.,and  slept  well  and  long 
following  n.  Pulse  also  showed  to-day  above-mentioned  changes.  Next  day  still 
not  quite  well;  appetite  still  small,  felt  sluggish,  and  incapable  of  work.  June  6th» 
8  a.m.,  began  again  with  5  drops,  but  observed  no  alteration  of  natural  state  of 
health.  June  7rh  went  on  to  10  drops,  whereupon  slight  transitory  pressure  in 
frontal  region,  and  especially  ov^r  orbits,  came  on  ;  pulse,  however,  remained  unaltered. 
Attributes  weakened  action  of  drug  on  this  occasion  to  change  in  quality  of  drug  or 
to  that  one  remains  more  in  the  open  air  in  June.  8th,  8  a.m.,  immediately  after 
swallowing  15  drops  felt  same  headache  and  in  ^ame  spot,  but  more  severe  ;  pulse  i% 
beats   slower;  ftlt  himself  afterwards   much   fatigued  and  disposed  to  sleep*     9th, 

8  a.m.,  again  took  15  drops,  and  became  indisposed  as  on  previous  day.  4  p.m., 
took  20  drops,  and  felt  headache,  which  at  once  set  in  and  became  of  a  boring 
character;  beyond  this  felt  considerable  fatigue,  disinclination  for  all  work,  morose- 
ness,  and  somiitjience  j  so  long  as  he  remained  in  room  j^leep  threatened  to  over- 
come hirn,  but  spending  c.  in  company  in  open  air  was  en:^bled  to  withstand  it. 
Appetite  remained  undisturbed,  and  he  slept  following  night  very  well ;  next  m, 
found  himself,  howtver,  not  quite  brisk,  itth,  11  p.m.,  took  15  drops.  Immedi- 
ately after  dose  severe  boring  htadache  above  orbits  came  on  ;  went  to  bed,  soon  fell 
asleep,  and  slept  till  5  a.m.  without  waking,  feeling  by  this  time  quite  well.     13th, 

9  a.m  ,  repeated  25  drop  dose,  which  was  soon  followed  by  above-mentioned  pain  in 
head,  slower  puli-e,  general  weariness,  and  inclination  to  sleep,  8  p.m.,  took  once 
more  15  drops;  headache  again  occurred,  but  pain  spread  over  whole  head  and 
became  more  pressing  ;  overcome  by  sleep  slept  %  h.,  becoming  thereby  more  inclined 
for  work  ;  beyond  this  had  frequent  tasteless  eructations,  although  no  other  disturb* 
ances  of  digestion  were  present,  and  he  ate  his  food  with  good  appetite  and  in  usuaj 
quantity  ;  toUowing  n*  slept  very  well,  Andin?  himself  pretty  well  on  14th,  and  quite 
well  on  15th,     16th,  8  a,m.,  took  30  drops,  wnich  were  soon  followed  by  ail  effects  of 


28  ACIDUM  HYDROCYANICUM. 

previous  dfwc^,  only  prcx^ing  hc^Hacbe  iprtitd  over  whole  head.  At  4.30  p.m-f 
tceling  still  t'dtigutd  truiii  111.  doxr,  tcx>k  35  drops.  Headache  increaicd,  but  beMdcs 
above-mentioned  symptoms  there  was  fatigue,  retarded  pulse  (11  beats)^  dittnclinm- 
tion  for  all  activity,  and  inclination  to  sleep;  feeling  of  emptinesi  in  ftonuich 
felt  to-day  for  fir;tt  time  although  he  had  dined  as  uiual  at  midday.  This 
vanished  after  }  h.  without  hix  having  eaten  anything,  but  headache  lasted  aevcral 
h.;  enjoyed  his  supper.  Towards  10  p.m.,  before  going  to  bed»  took  another 
35  drops;  pressing  headache  and  retarded  pulse  followed.  He  toon  fcll  aileepy  nod 
slept  well  whole  n.,  and  on  following  d.  was  quite  well.     {Ibid,) 

17.  Kneschke  gives  following  results: — '^5  and  10  diops  of  aqui  lauro- 
cerasi,  former  taken  \far.  28th,  after  5  p.m  ,  and  latter  Nfar.  29th,  at  9  aon.,  had 
not  slightest  effect  upon  me.'*  *'  Mar.  30th,  rose  to  1 5  drops  j  immediately  after  doae 
noticed  slight  confusir>n  in  head,  lasting  an  h.  Pulse  sank  from  70  to  65  or  66. 
Noticed  no  other  departure  from  normal  condition.  Same  results  followed  on  April 
f^t  from  20  drops,  and  on  raising  dose  on  April  2nd  to  25  drops,  contiision  in  head, 
especially  in  frontal  region,  was  not  only  no  wor^e,  but  pulse  was  only  c  bcatR  slower 
than  normal.  Etfect  of  drug  did  not  last  quite  an  h. ;  presented  no  other  ■ymptoms 
than  those  above  narrated.**  <*  6th,  8  a.m.,  5  dn>ps  produced  no  effect ;  aanie  was  the 
case  from  doses  of  10,  15,  and  20  drops,  taken  on  7th,  8(h,  and  nth  respectively. 
June  13th,  25  drops  taken}  immediately  afterwards  perceived  slight  prenure  in 
frmtal  region,  which,  without  becoming  worse,  lasted  fully  }  h.  During  this  time 
pulse  sank  from  70  to  64  or  66.  Same  pressure,  which  became  by  degreei  more 
acute,  occurred  on  15th,  after  30  drops,  but  ceased  in  time  mentioned  above  {  pulse 
64,  otherwise  nothing  abnormal  noticed.  18th. — 35  drops  produced  within  1  m.  of 
being  taken  confusion  in  head,  going  on  to  pressive  pain,  e&pecially  in  frontal  and 
orbital  regions ;  effect  of  drug  extended  over  nearly  an  h.,  during  which  pulic  beat 
60  to  62.**  ^*  Doses  of  40,  45  and  50  drops  taken  on  June  20th,  i2ndy  and  a5th 
respectively,  produced  precisely  similar  results;  pulse,  instead  of  70,  beat  only  609 
and  considerable  dulness  of  whole  head,  accompanied  constantly  in  frontal  ttjAon  by 
pressive  pain,  was  present  during  whole  timef  beyond  this  every  bodily  functioa 
was  in  its  normal  condition.**     (Ibid,) 

18.  KuMMER,  on  June  6th,  at  8  a.m.,  took  5  drops,  on  7th  io»  8th  15,  nth  so, 
and  on  15th  25  drops,  but  could  not  perceive  slightest  ill  effect.  18th,  8  a.m.»  took 
30  drops,  and  perceived  after  dinner,  towards  1  o*clock»  acute  pressive  pain  in  1. 
frontal  region,  spreading  by  degrees  over  whole  head ;  thinking  and  other  mental 
occupations  rendered  very  difficult  \  sleep  uninfluenced,  however.  19th. — On  awaking 
same  pain  set  in  and  lasted  till  3  pm.  Perceived  no  influence  upon  pulse,  digestion 
remained  tegular,  but  urine  deposited  thick  sediment  on  standing.     {Ibid.) 

19.  Strofer,  after  5  drops,  taken  June  6th,  found  no  effect,  but  after  10  drops, 
taken  on  nth,  noticed  his  pulse  4  or  5  beats  slower.  12th,  after  15  drops,  found 
pulse  5  or  6  beats  slower,  and  on  15th,  after  20  drops,  8  to  10  beats  slower;  same 
effects  followed  dose  of  24  drops  on  17th.  On  22nd,  after  swallowing  30  drops, 
etiect  was  much  increased,  for  beats  were  diminished  about  12  per  minute.     (Ibid.) 

20.  PiENiTZ,  on  May  4th,  1824,  at  8  a.m.,  took  3  drops,  and  beyond  two 
transitory  stitches  in  occiput  5  m.  after  dose  noticed  no  ill  effect.  5th,  at  same  time, 
took  5  drops,  which  caused  after  5  m.  dull  pressive  pain  in  forehead  and  confusion  in 
head,  both  lasting  i  h.;  pulse  smaller  and  quicker  than  normal.  20th. — 20  drops, 
taken  at  8  a.m.,  caused  within  few  m.  previously  noticed  pressure  in  forehead  and 
confusion  in  head,  with  smaller  and  quickened  pulse,  which  symptom  vanished,  how- 
ever, after  J  h.  May  21st,  8  a.m.  A  few  m.  after  30  drops  noticed  somewhat 
greater  confusion  in  head,  giving  place  at  9  oVltK-k  to  pressive  pain  in  forehead, 
which  lasted  only  i  h.,  pulse  meanwhile  smaller  and  quicker  than  usual.  After  15 
drops,  taken  same  day  at  3  p.m.,  same  effects  followed,  only  that  confusion  in  head 
was  worse  and  lasted  longer.  After  last  3  doses  faces  were  drier  and  harder  than 
Usual,  otherwise  appetite,  sleep,  and  other  bodily  functions  remained  normal.    (^Ibid,) 

21.  Seyffert  took  4,  8,  and  12  drops  without  any  effect.  May  15th,  after  so 
drr)ps,  taken  at  8  a.m.,  felt  transitory  nausea  and  passing  giddiness,  which  he  thought 
would  perhaps  have  lasted  longer  if  he  had  not  moved  about  in  open  air.  On 
reaching  home  great  inclination  to  sleep  was  present,  which  he  was  obliged  to  yield 
to  for  at  least  i  h.  Before  and  after  sleep  pulse  beat  68,  instead  of  70  as  usual.  Bj 
midday,  when  he  ate  his  dinner,  all  unpleasantness  M:emed  to  have  vanibhed.     35 


ACIDUM   HYDROCYANICUJVU 


ag 


drops  taken  on  i8ih  ca\i<!ed  only  ?.Ught  transitory  giddiness,  followed  by  drowsiness, 
but  without  preceding  nausea.     PiiUc  during  following  h.  beat  69  per  m,     {li>idj) 

12.  SiEBENHAAR  tried  3,  4,  5  and  8  drops  without  effect.  May  loih,  8  a.m  , 
took  10  drops:  dull  and  tolerably  severe  pressive  headache  followed,  lasting  until 
afternoon  j  pitUe  meanwhile  beat  somewhat  les.s  in  m»  A  somewhat  severe  cold 
obliged  him  to  discontinue  his  experiments.  May  19th,  at  usual  time,  took  11  drops, 
and  after  lapse  of  about  i  h.  noticed  confusion  of  whole  head,  changing  by  degreen 
into  genuine  dull  headache,  felt  chiefly  in  temporal  regions  and  forehead.  Pulse  mean- 
while Jiomewhat  slower  and  weaker.  By  midday  all  these  *iymptoms  had  vanished  ;  he 
ate  his  dinner  with  good  appetite*  and  during  afternoon  telt  perfectly  well.  20th. — 
14  drops  caused  same  effect**,  aist,  8  a.m.,  20  drops  \  noticed  Jioon  after,  confusion, 
e^specially  of  forehead  \  pulse  beat  more  slowly  and  lost  all  energy  j  felt  conjiiderably 
fatigued  over  whole  body,  and  towards  11  a.m.  m)  overcome  with  sleep  that  he  wa^* 
obliged  to  lie  down  on  sofa^  where  he  slept  ^  h.,  although  in  a  somewhat  uncomtort- 
able  position;  on  awaking  found  htmselt  incapable  oi  standing  upright  and  moving 
about.  At  midday  normal  frequency  and  force  of  pulse  returned,  as  also  his  accus- 
tomed energy;  headache  also  vanished.  Whilst  above-named  eftectft  lasted,  raw 
feeling  in  throat  and  hoaneness  were  present,  but  disappeared  after  dinner.     (/W.) 

ij.  JoRO  took  6  drops  mixed  with  i  oz.  water  at  8  a.m.  on  May  14th,  1824, 
Some  scraping  in  throat  and  tickling  in  larynx  as  from  threatened  cold  followed,  and 
lasted  till  n  a.m.  t5th,  8  a,m.»  8  drops  mixed  with  i  oz.  water  caufied  slight 
confusion  in  head,  lasting  j  h.,  scraping  in  larynx,  and  increased  thirst,  both  Listing 
whole  forenoon*  and  for  about  an  h,  blowing  of  pube  by  3  or  4  beats.  Same  cifectH 
followed  ID  drops  taken  00  17th  and  12  dn»ps  on  18th,  On  19th,  at  8  a.m.,  took 
14  drops  in  i  07,  spring  water;  soon  experienced  shooting  pains  in  1.  temple, 
confusion  of  head  as  if  an  acute  coryza  were  about  to  come  on,  with  feeling  particu- 
larly as  if  brain  at  upper  and  anterior  part  of  cranium  were  pressed,  most  of  all 
in  frontal  region,  with  very  sensible  pressure  towards  orbits  as  if  water  would  be 
pre>scd  out  of  eyes  (l^ter  in  day  increased  lachrymatton  followed)^  scraping  in  larynx, 
with  cotnmencing  hoarseness  and  increased  secretion  of  mucuii  in  larynx,  and  fre- 
quent inclination  to  cough,  all  lusting  till  midday.  For  about  an  h.  pulse  beat  1  to 
6  less  in  minute.  Towards  evening  was  much  fatigued,  had  hard  and  dry  evacua- 
tion of  bowcU,  same  being  very  unu^iual,  and  longed  for  bed,  where  he  ftrlf  asleep  at 
once,  and  awoke  with  difficulty  in  m.  20th. — Experimented  with  16  drops, and  after 
taking  drug  at  8  a.m.  in  f  02.  water  obtained  following  effect : — "  All  symptoms  of 
previous  day  and  of  14- drop  dose  came  on  within  J5  m.,  only  confusion  of  head 
spread  to. day  over  whole  body  so  that  common  sensation  wa*  thereby  considerably 
lowered  ;  could  neither  thoroughly  realise  my  own  condition  nor  was  able  to  feel 
things  round  mc  with  usual  clearness.  This  condition  of  general  confusion,  simitar 
to  that  which  comes  on  after  drinking  teveral  glasses  of  wine  rapidly  one  after 
another,  was  not  accompanied,  however,  by  the  feeling  of  warmth  or  heat  in  whole 
body,  and  especially  in  head,  as  in  tipsy  condition  after  drinking  wine  quickly,  but 
appeared,  on  the  contrary,  without  slightest  trace  of  accompanying  heat.  After  this 
dose  also  irritation  and  sci aping  in  throat,  and  especially  in  larynx,  soon  began  ; 
10  m.  after  taking  drug  I  was  hoarse,  and  frequently  ohligcrd  to  cough  towards  mid- 
day, and  during  whole  afternoon  much  tough  mucus  vrafi  secreted  in  windpipe, 
especially  in  upper  part.  Towards  noon  confusion  of  head  and  of  whole  body 
disappeared,  natural  sensation  returned,  but  I  had  to  endure  during  afternoon  and 
until  e.  constant  transient  stitches,  f^metimes  in  occiput,  sometimes  in  forehead. 
Towardi  e.  was  much  fatigued,  and  was  inclined  for  bed  by  great  disposition  to 
sleep.  Enjoyed  dinner  and  supper,  but  thi»  may  be  explained  by  fact  that  during 
experiments  with  agua  laurocerasi  I  ate  nothing  in  and  during  forenoon,  only 
drinking  two  cups  of  coffee  with  milk.  After  this  dose  puUe  remained  fur  about  2  h, 
5  or  6  beats  slower  than  usual,  and  later  on  did  not  become  quicker  (than  usual), 
but  emerged  from  slower  to  normal  rhythm.  On  this  occasion  also  constipation  was 
not  abiient,  f^ccs  being  hard  and  dry.  Felt  each  time  lighter  in  fresh  au,  heavier  in 
room."     (ibid,) 

14.  Trinics  took  unknown   quantity  of  juice  of  cherries.^      In   1  h.  became 
fretful;  in  ij  b,  sad,  joyle&s  and  depres&ed,  with  anxious  feeling  in  head,  and  heat^ 

*  Chri&ttM)n  states  that  the  pulp  of  the  cherries  t&  innocuous, — £05. 


30  ACIDUM  HYDROCYANICUAI. 

external  and  internal— in  forehead,  going  off  to  open  air.    (HakTLAVS  aid  TkniKi^ 

Arzneimittellehre,  i ,  a  rt .  K  i rv hlorbce r. ) 

15.  Hartlaub  {a)  from  ume ;  had  anxiety  in  chest  iraHMdiatrlsr,  pi 
in   %  in.  i    in   }   h.  vqucrzing  pain  in   occiput,   with  sleepincHi,  of  ■hoffC 
and   little   severity  j   in  i    h.   similar  hut  lonf^rr  laMing  pain  ia  fiirehcadt  ^ 
continuing;  at  X.^o  p.m.  excessive  tliir^t  with  dr^-nnu  in  mouth,  wichoM  I 
evening  in  bed,  great  anxiety  ahfjut  trifles  wa«  unable  to  All  asleep;  sleep! 
with  frequent  waking,  and  seriuus  anxious  dreamn;  felt  much  frl~      '  ' 
d.  from  another  duse  had   in  \  h.  violent  colic  la^tin^  ao  m.,  ^ 
of  pulse  \  at  4  p.m.  recurrence  of  thirst  and  dryne»!i  or  mouth,  with 
and  there  in  head  ;  later,  a  kind  of  shooting  and  crawling  in  braiByl  * 
lasting.     There  followed  complete  constipation  for  8  d.     (/U^.) 

(^.)  At  another  time,  H.  took  aqua  laurocerasi  (in  unknoim  doae). 
throbbing  headache  in  forehead  came  on  immediately ;  in  1  h.  dull  pMi  io  duvat^ 
cavity  ofche^t,  region  of  heart  and  \tomach,  and  scapula  on  r.  aide  only;  ni  \-~^  k« 
pain  in  r.  tcmjHiral  bone ;  in  5 — 6  h.  pain  in  Momach  with  ipialmiahmaa.  At 
4  p.m.  had  pressive  pain  in  r.  temple.  Ottier  symptoms  were  piin  in  r.  aid 
hea<l  an<l  in  1.  elb<m' ;  weariness  in  fthoulderc ;  and  a  kind  of  oppieaaim 
anxiety,  he  i<  unable  to  work,  must  leave  room  and  go  into  open  air,  bat 
does  not  leave  him  for  whole  day.     (IM.) 

26.  Nenninc;  pnived  laurocera^us  in  his  u^ual  way,  m.  on  hit  wile*a 
women,  who  received  a  consideration  for  the  same.*  [He  rcpofta  ever 
deviation  from  health  observed  by  the«c  while  taking  the  drug,  and  ao 
symptom-lists  with  a  number  of  %hrx>tings  and  itching^  here  and  there,  mabCaga  ia 
abdomen,  variatir)ns  in  htool,  and  such  like,  which  are  obviously  non-roedtiJaBl,  aad 
incident  to  everyone'^  normal  condition.  Hahnemann  would  do  no  more  thao  Hmkc 
extmrts  fnim  this  surgeon^  contributions,  and  we  correspondingly  and  atill  OHNC 
rigidly  restrict  our  use  of  them. — Eds.] 

As  effects  ot  expressed  juice  and  distilled  water  of  laurocerasutf  Nennivy  repoiti 
— predominantly  gay  moody  with  tendency  to  forgetfiilneM ;  vertigo,  aoaiewhat  pio. 
longed  }  hea*vinessy  dulness  and  fulness  of  head ;  some  heat  in  forehead ;  ftcliag  aa  if 
ice  lay  on  vertex,  afterwards  also  on  forehead,  then  in  nape  of  neck,  last  in  no~ 
whereupon  previous  head  troubles  disappeared  (i|  h.)  ;  violent  acUng  round 
especially  1.,  constantly  increasing  till  9th  d. ;  violent  bruised  pain  in  wIm  ' 
jaw,  lasting  J  h. ;  some  salivation;  rawness  in  throat,  with  hacking; 
shooting  and  burning  in  r.  hypochondrium,  so  that  spot  became  painful 
touch  (3  h.)  ;  awakened  at  2  a.m  by  terrible  cutting  and  contractive  pain  in  wh 
abdomen,  lasting  2  h.,  followed  by  two  purgings  and  cessation  of  pain ;  dianh 
consisting  of  thin  greenish  mucus,  with  contraction  in  groins,  4  timet  in  a  ii^ 
without  relief;  urine  in  one  case  acrid,  making  pudenda  sore;  catamcnia  in  thiar 
cases  8  d.  too  early,  in  two  more  profuse  than  natural;  hoarse  and  dccn  voice | 
weak,  prostrate  feeling  (i)  h.);  in  one  person,  redneiis  and  some  veiiclca,  with 
violent  itching,  between  index,  middle,  and  rin^  fingers  of  both  hands,  lor  4  d.| 
subsequently  rawness  and  roughness  there,  with  burning  on  wetting  hands,  fitaft^ 
^oUo<wed  by  heat,  seem  to  have  occurred  in  several  provers.     (Ibid.) 

27.  Bitter 'olmond  ivater.  Aqua  amygdalarum  amararum.—  Prepared  according  t» 
Pharmacop.  Saxon,  i  lb.  bitter  almonds  are  mixed  with  i  oz.  highly  rectified  spiriia 
of  wine  and  6  lbs.  water,  and  3  lbs.  extracted  by  distillation,  latter  being  preparatioA 
used  in  following  experiments. 

Engler,  on  June  20th,  1822,  at  8  a.m.,  took  5  drops  in  i  oz.  of  water,  wmi, 
remarked  that  his  pulse  in  i  h.  fell  to  61.  He  obtained  same  effect  on  aitt,  after 
taking  10  drops,  at  8  a.m.,  within  15  m.  pulse  beating  64  (instead  of  70  ai  uilial)| 
on  this  occasion  also  in  short  time  feeling  of  heaviness  in  forehead  came  on.  aawl| 
8  a.m.,  took  15  drops ;  this  produced  very  shortly  slowing  of  pulse  by  5  or  6  bcsBl% 
and  during  forenoon  pressive  pain  in  forehead  about  orbits.  26th. — 20  drops  takcii aft 
6  p.m.  caused  during  whole  of  following  n.  severe  headache  spread  over  wnole  heady 
whereby  sleep  was  disturbed  ;  pulse  being  same  as  from  previous  dose.     aSth.-     *  ^ 


♦  See  Brit.  Journ.  of  Horn. ^  xxxv,  io(5. 

f  Symptoms  from  distilled  \%ater  are  italicised. 


ACIDUM   HYDROCYANICUM^ 


^ 


15  drops,  taken  at  8  a.m.,  pnke,  after  lapse  of  15  m.,  fell  to  50,  ^ntf  continued  In 
this  state  for  a  whole  h.  During  whole  torenoon  K  half  of  head  wa*  confused,  but 
at  midday  this  vanished  by  degrees,  agth,  S  a.m.,  he  took  30  drops,  and  found 
pul<t€  shortly  afterwards  had  fallen  to  61  ;  notictd  during  whole  fort-noon  prej»hure 
above  orbits  and  compression  of  K  side  of  bead  ;  in  afternoon  inclination  to  sleep. 
July  ist. —  Took  40  drops,  at  8  a.ra*  Not  only  slowing  of  pube  to  54  beats  came  on, 
but  during  forenoon  aUo  complete  contusion  of  whole  head,  which  in  afternoon  was 
limiteU  to  1.  side.   In  afternoon  drowsiness  and  fatigue  again  followed.    (JoRG,  op.  W/.) 

28.  Meurer  took  »o  drops  on  June  ixnd,  8  a  m*,  and  experienced  slight  and 
transient  confusion  of  whole  head,  x8th,  8  a.m^,  took  30  drops,  and  1  h.  later  40 
drops:  general  confusion  of  head  followed  both  dos<rs,  but  without  stabbing,  and 
Jess  after  ind  than  after  ist  dose,  Pulse  was  only  a  few  beats  slower,  fatigue  during 
afternoon  slight,  and  during  whole  day  felt  inclination  and  strength  for  mental  work. 
30th, — Took  3  doses  of  50  drops  each,  at  7,  ^  and  ii  a.m.,  and  noticed  after  ihcin 
weight  and  confusion  of  head,  as  from  commencing  cold,  pulse  falling  5  beats  tn  m.; 
inclination  for  work  was  not  exactly  great,  but  Tie  did  not  feel  unfit  for  mental 
occupation.  Enjoyed  his  dinner,  drank  two  glasses  of  white  wine^  and  felt  afier* 
wards  quite  well     {IbU.), 

%^,  Kneschice,  on  June  ajjth,  tried  30  drops^  and  immrdiatclv  after  taking  was 
surprised  by  slight  confusion  o\  head,  which  vanished,  however^  a  few  m.  afterwards. 
On  July  I  St,  after  40  drops,  noticed  same  effect;  confusion  of  head  was  more  per- 
ceptiide,  but  did  not  last  any  longer.  Pulse  after  both  doses  remained  unaltered. 
{Ibid.) 

30.  StEBENHAAR,  after  dose  of  10  drops,  taken  May  amd,  1814,  8  a.m.,  was 
perceptibly  indisposed,  for  at  9  o'clock  dull  headache,  attacking  forehead  and  temptci 
especially,  came  on,  ceasing  towards  1 1  a.m.  Found  pulse  at  first  somewhat  stimu* 
latcd,  later  on  somewhat  slower  than  usual.     {Ibid,} 

31*  JtiRG,  on  May  iist,  1814,  at  8  a,m.,  took  8  drops;  "4  m.  afterwards 
scraping  in  larynx,  slight  pressure  in  forehead,  contusion  ot  head  and  slowing  of 
pulse  by  about  5  beats  resulted*  Towards  1 1  all  eftect  had  ceased  except  laryngeal 
aiftction;  towards  afternoon  scraping  feeling  was  succeeded  by  increased  sccrciion  of 
mucus  in  larynx.  On  a  and,  at  8  a.m.,  took  la  drops  in  J  oz.  of  water;  besides 
foregoing  symptoms,  from  9  to  11  fek  numerous  fleeting  stitches  and  variably  lasting 
pains  immediately  below  I.  nipple  in  thorax,  causing  iniipiratton  and  expiration  to  be 
considerably  oppressed,  »3ra,  8  a.m.,  14  drops  taken  in  J  oz.  of  water  :  this  pro- 
duced not  only  weight,  but  also  confusion  of  head  and  of  common  sensation  for 
about  an  h,  j  ciunng  afternoon  and  e.  lassitude  and  drowsiness,  and  following  n.  very 
sound  and  deep  sleeps  after  which  I  rose  with  difficulty  in  the  morning,  keling  as 
if  1  had  not  slept  enough.  24th. — Experimented  with  16  drop*i,  and  experienced 
tipsy  feeling  tn  brain,  confusion  of  head  and  of  whole  body,  but  neither  greater  nor 
lastmg  longer  than  previous  day;  lassitude  and  weariness  were  less  troublesome  than 
after  smaller  dose.  Scraping  in  larj'nx  was  most  troublesome,  causing,  within  1 5  m., 
hoarseness  which  lasted  whole  d.,  and  in  e.  and  during  whole  of  succeeding  d. 
increased  secretion  of  mucus  in  air- passages,,  especially  in  lar)'nx.  I  must  not  omit 
to  mention  that  the  cold,  wet,  stormy  weather  of  most  of  the  days  on  which  these 
experiments  were  made  may  have  predisposed  the  air-passages  to  inflammatory 
affections.'^     (IhU.) 

3a.  Lembke  took  of  the  md  trit.  (1  to  50)  of  Kali  cyanatum  1  gr.,  increasing 
up  to  8  gr,,  of  ehe  ist  frit.  3  gr.,  then  the  same  day  ro  gr*,  the  following  day  35  gr.j 
then  of  a  solution  of  t  gr.  in  i  drachm  water,  increasing  up  to  20  drops.  When 
triturating  he  felt  heat  in  head,  stupefaction^  twitchmg  siitche*  In  heart  on 
expiration,  breathing  superficial;  all  these  laAfcd  3  h.  As  the  metlicine  seemed 
to  have  become  decompo^ed  before  it  was  used  he  does  not  give  the  full  list  of 
the  symptoms  observed.  They  were  chiefly  :  pnin  in  various  joints  and  muscles, 
stitches  in  heart  and  lungs,  oppression  of  che^.t,  general  exhaustion,  pulse  often  15 
beats  slower i  moving  about  in  open  air  removed  the  symptoms.     {Alig.  /j.  Z,<^  xlix, 

33.  Mr.  — ,  art,  16,  in  good  health  and  of  simple  habits,  a.  Took  gr.  J  of  3Td 
cent.  trit.  of  Kali  cyanatum  Dec.  ijih.  1859,  and  repeated  it  n.  and  m.  unril  15th. 
On  this  day  had,  just  after  rising,  sharp  stitch  in  r.  shoulder,  recurring  several  m.  in 
gucctasion  i  also  iclt  at  other  rimes,  though  less  marked.     Sleep  was  restless  for  some 


: 


32  ACIDUM  HYDROCYANICUM. 

nights,  dreamful  for  two.     For  x  d.  de«ire  to  find  fault ;  drowsincti  aliiMMt  uncfNi- 
trollable  in  room  ;  cold  open  air  restorer  natural  humour. 

b.  Dec.  15th,  i860,  took  gr.  j  of  ist  cent.  crit.  at  10  a.in.,  and  rrpeated  doie  n. 
and  in.  for  4  d.  On  17th,  on  movement  in  open  air,  sho«»ting  painft  aoout  cyet,  and 
later  dull  pre^^ive  pain  there,  also  very  marked  wraknesH  in  loins  and  iliac  regiont, 
with  dull  pains  in  latter;  restleM,  dreamful  kIccd  all  n.  On  18th  lumbar  weaknna 
continues,  and  r.  knee  is  seat  of  frequent  twiccnes,  becoming  continued  pais.  On 
19th  lassitude  all  forenoon,  becoming  moro<eneM  in  e. ;  he  carries  on  a  kind  of  ooo* 
versation  with  himself,  as  if  quarrelling  with  »omeone.  This  state  of  mind  it  n»lly 
painful.  Throughout  proving  he  wan  easily  provoked,  and  impatirnt  at  trifles.  la 
night  dreams  horrid  and  exciting,  with  partial  waking  and  turning  between  them. 
Symptoms  then  passed  off.*    {PMicaiiotu  of  Mast.  Horn,  Soc,f  i84i-a.) 

II.  Poisonings. — 1.  A  girl,  act.  22,  swallowed  by  mistake  a  dose  of 
prussic  acid,  equivalent  to  a  little  less  than  a  grain  of  the  pure  poison. 
At  the  time  this  was  taken  she  was  sitting  on  a  chair,  but  she  instantlj 
jumped  up,  ran  for  a  short  distance  holding  up  her  arms  and  gasping  aa 
it  were  for  breath  ;  she  then  fell,  became  insensible,  and  was  violentlj 
convulsed,  muscles  of  face  underg;oing  great  distortion,  limbs  becoming 
spasmodically  extended,  and  head  drawn  on  shoulders.  In  this  state 
she  was  removed  to  bed,  and  was  seen  directly  afterwards  bj  Mr. 
Watson,  who  found  her  lying  on  back,  with  body  drawn  a  littk 
forwards ;  limbs  fixed  and  extended  in  tetanic  spism  ;  whole  face 
swollen,  turgid,  and  almost  purple  from  congestion  ;  jaws  clenched  ; 
mouth  covered  with  foam  ;  eyes  half  closed,  but  prominent  and  gliaten- 
ing,  with  pupils  widely  dilated,  and  quite  insensible  to  light.  £me  was 
breathing  slowly,  with  deep  prolonged  inspirations,  and  uttering  a 
moaning  noise.  Pulse  at  wrist  could  not  be  felt,  although  the  heart 
still  continued  to  beat  with  a  feeble  fluttering  effort. 

The  symptoms  so  closely  resembled  an  epileptic  fit  that  the  medical 
men  who  were  called  in  supposed  at  first  that  the  patient  was  labouriiigL^ 


under  such  an  attack  ;  but  soon  discovenng  that  she  was  suBtrring  froni 
the  effects  of  h.  a.,  they  instantly  adopted  means  for  her  recovery,  but 
without  the  least  avail,  for  the  breathing  became  slower  And  slower^ 
the  limbs  at  this  time  remaining  fixed  and  immoveable,  aiid  she  died 
in  from  15  to  20  m.  after  ingestion  of  poison. 

The  post-mortem  appearances  in  this  case  were  as  usual  in  poisoning 
by  h.  a.  7*he  cerebral  vessels,  both  upon  the  sur&ce  and  m  the 
substance  of  the  brain,  were  full  of  black,  fluid  blood  ;  the  lungs  wcfe 
highly  congested  ;  the  cavities  of  the  heart  full  of  black,  uncoagulated 
blood.     (Letheby,  Pharm.  Journ.^  iv,  510.) 

2.  A  gentleman,  act.  31,  had  been  taking  h.  a.  for  a  gai^trodyitisL, 
and    gradually  increasing   the    dose,  till    on    5th   d.  ^m    had    bcmn 
taken,  without  effect  of  any  kind.     On  the  6th  d.,  he  swallowed  51J  of 
the  dilute  acid  of  the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  (r6  per  cent-)*     in  2.  m*   ^ 
after  taking  this  quantity,  he  experienced  a  sensation  of  extreme  bitter^  fl 
ness  in  the  mouth,  and  having  walked  a  few  paces,  was  affected  with       " 
great  confusion,  headache,  and  loud  ringing  in  the  ears.     He  nuw  with 
difficulty  retraced  his  steps  ;    and  leaning  forward  on  a  tablc^  became  '^ 
insensible.     His  thighs  became  rigid,  and  were  drawn   up  upon   xM 

•  The  seamd  provci's  health  was  too  variable  for  his  ^ymptoixif  to  be 
trustworthy. — Eds. 


I 


ACIDUiM   HYDROCYANICUM. 


33 


I 


I 

I 

I 


abdomen  ;  and  as  he  was  about  falling  backwards  he  was  caught  and 
placed  on  the  ground.  The  upper  extremities  were  then  observed  to 
be  also  rigid  j  and  on  drawing  them  from  the  side  they  forcibly  reverted 
to  their  former  position.  The  eyes  were  shut,  the  teeth  clenched,  and 
the  muscles  of  the  face  violently  convulsed.  After  remaining  in  this 
state  3  or  4  m.  rapid  recovery  took  place  under  the  use  of  ammonia  j 
but  pain  and  feeling  of  distension  in  head  continued  for  remainder  of 
day.     (Geoghegan,  Duif.  Med,  Journ,^  Nov.  1835-) 

3.  A  man  had  taken  for  2  mos.,  on  account  of  chronic  catarrh,  ttn 
drops  of  Ittner*s  acid  daily,  without  experiencing  the  slightest  toxi* 
cological  eftect.  At  length  he  was  found  one  moniing  in  bed  apparently 
labouring  under  the  poisonous  operation  of  the  acid.  He  had  headache, 
blindness,  dilated  insensible  pupils,  feeble,  irregular  pulse,  occasional 
suspension  of  the  breathing,  and  rapidly  increasing  insensibility.  Cold 
affusion  and  ammonia  were  immediately  resorted  to,  and  at  first  with 
advantage.  But  in  no  long  time  spasms  commenced  in  toes,  and 
gradually  affected  rest  of  body,  till  at  length  violent  fits  of  general 
tetanus  were  formed,  lasting  for  6  or  10  m.,  and  alternating  in  the 
intervals  with  coma.  Venesection  was  next  resorted  to,  after  which 
the  spasms  were  confined  to  the  jaws  and  eyes.  Delirium  succeeded, 
but  was  removed  by  a  repetition  of  the  blood-letting.  At  4  p.m.  he 
was  tolerably  sensible  \  during  the  n.  delirium  returned  ;  at  10  next 
m.  he  recovered  his  sight ;  and  on  subsequent  m.  had  no  complaint  but 
headache  and  pain  in  the  eyes,     (Christison,  Poisons^  3rd  cd.,p.  702,) 

4.  A  medical  man,  practising  in  Rennes,  took  at  7  p.m.,  at  a 
druggist's,  a  teaspoonful  of  Vauquelin's  (3*3  per  cent.)  acid.  As  he 
was  leaving  shop  he  felt  a  disquieting  confusion  in  head  ;  he  turned 
round,  spoke  a  few  words,  and  fell  suddenly  down.  They  gave  him 
ammonia,  but  only  a  few  drops  could  be  taken,  for  the  teeth  were 
tightly  closed.  An  ever-increasing  dyspnoea  set  in,  with  noisy  rattling 
respiration,  cold  extremities,  distorted  mouth  ;  r.  pulse  (naturally 
stronger  with  him)  very  small,  1.  imperceptible  ;  face  red,  and  as  it 
swollen,  as  was  also  neck  ;  pupils  fixed  and  dilated.  The  trismus 
increased,  with  some  opisthotonos ;  and  after  an  h.  there  followed  a 
smart  tetanic  convulsion  lasting  several  m.  The  abdomen  was  distended, 
and  seemed  even  visibly  to  increase  in  size.  They  applied  friction  with 
blistering  fluid,  ammonia,  and  sinapisms.  With  great  trouble  mouth 
was  opened  by  means  of  an  iron  spoon,  and  throat  tickled  with  a 
feather  ;  by  succeeding  vomiting  dark  mucus  was  evacuated.  Coffee 
was  now  given,  with  oil  of  turpentine,  and  ice  laid  on  head.  During 
this  time  thumbs  were  frequently  carried  to  mouth.  After  2^  h.,  signs 
of  returning  consciousness.  The  patient  said,  "  I  have  taken  prussic 
acid — I  commend  my  son  to  your  care — give  me  air  and  let  me  die.*' 
He  recognised  those  standing  around,  and  asked  for  coffee,  but  could 
not  drink  it,  as  his  mouth  had  been  much  hurt  by  the  remedies  used. 
Intelligence  gradually  returned.  The  subsequent  symptoms  were  those 
of  pulmonary  catarrh,  traceable  to  the  frequent  and  strong  ammonia 
inhalations  to  which  he  had  been  subjected.  {Revue  Medicals^  1825, 
i,  265.) 

5.  Incidental  effects  of  reputed  medicinal  doses  are — irritation  of 


34  ACIDUM  HYDROCYANICUM. 

throat  and  windpipe ;  increased  flow  of  saliva  ;  sense  of  heat  in  epigas- 
trium, diftusing  itself  over  whole  abdomen,  and  even  to  entire  surfince ; 
constriction  and  heaviness  of  head  i  dizziness  ;  buzzing  in  ean ;  head- 
ache ;  nutiibness  i  duskiness  of  countenance ;  staggering;  laborious 
respiration  ;  constriction  of  chest ;  often  palpiution  of  heart ;  inclina- 
tion to  vomit,  but  sometimes  feeling  of  emptiness  in  stomach,  and 
craving  for  food  ;  a  quick  and  excited  or  unusually  slow  pulse ;  and, 
for  some  h.  after  these  symptoms,  sense  of  weariness  and  inclination  to 
sleep.  (SriLLE,  op.  cit.)  An  over-dose  will  in  every  person  excite 
nausea,  vomiting,  and  pain  and  tightness  at  the  praecordia.  Even 
applied  externally,  it  has  caused  nausea,  vomiting,  vertigo,  and  syncope. 
It  appears  therefore  to  act  specifically  on  the  stomach.  (Elliotson, 
Cases  illustr,  of  efficacy  of  Hydr,  ac.  in  Affections  of  Stomachy  1 820.) 

6.  In  peculiar  constitutions  the  mmutest  quantity,  even  a  sinele 
(bitter)  almond,  will  cause  a  state  resembling  intoxication,  succixoed 
by  an  eruption  like  nettle-rash.  The  late  Dr.  Gregory  was  subject  to 
be  affected  in  this  way.  Other  vegetable  bitters  haa  the  same  effect 
upon  him,  but  none  so  remarkably  as  bitter  almonds.  They  caused 
first  sickness,  generally  tremors,  then  vomiting,  next  a  hot  fit  with  an 
eruption  of  urticaria,  particularly  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body.  At 
the  same  time  the  face  and  head  swelled  very  much,  and  there  waa 
generally  a  feeling  like  intoxication.  The  symptoms  lasted  onlj  for  a 
few  hours.  The  rash  did  not  alternately  appear  and  disappear  as  in 
common  nettle-rash.  (Christison,  op,  cit.)  This  effect  is  due  to  the 
presence  of  hydrocyanic  acid  in  the  almond,  as  is  proven  by  the  fact 
that  solutions  containing  this  acid,  such  as  bitter-almond  and  cherry- 
laurel  water,  very  easily  produce  the  same  incidental  effects.  (Lswiir, 
op,  cit,) 

7.  Sir  B.  Brodie  once  happened  to  touch  his  tongue  with  the  end 
of  a  glass  rod  which  had  been  dipped  in  the  essential  oil  of  bitter 
almonds.  He  had  hardly  done  so  before  he  felt  an  uneasy,  indescribable 
feeling  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach,  great  feebleness  of  the  limbs,  and  lota  of 
power  to  direct  the  muscles,  so  that  he  could  hardly  keep  himself  from 
falling.  These  sensations  were  quite  momentary.  {Pkibs.  Tratu,^ 
i8ii,p.  183.) 

8.  A  gentleman,  xt,  48,  swallowed  5ij  of  oil.  A  few  m.  after- 
wards, his  servant  found  him  lying  in  bed,  with  features  spasmodicallj 
contracted,  eyes  fixed,  staring,  and  turned  upwards,  chest  heaving  con* 
vulsively  and  hurriedly.  A  physician,  who  entered  room  20  m.  after 
draught  had  been  taken,  found  him  quite  insensible,  pupils  immovable, 
breathing  stertorous  and  slow,  pulse  feeble  and  only  30  in  m.  Death 
ensued  10  m.  afterwards.     (Mertzdorff,  Journ,  Complem.^xnXy  366.) 

9.  A  man,  set.  20,  took  instead  of  an  ordinary  draught  an  unknown 
quantity  of  cherry-laurel  water.  Two  m.  after  taking  it,  a  rattling  or 
gurgling  was  audible  in  stomach  ;  in  10  m.  he  seemed  inclined  to  doze  { 
in  5  m.  more  he  was  found  quite  insensible,  with  eyes  fixed  upwards, 
teeth  locked,  froth  running  out  of  mouth,  and  great  heaving  at  stomach 
and  gurgling  in  throat.  He  died  \  h.  after  swallowing  draught; 
(Christison,  op,  cit,) 

1 0.  Small  doses  (10  drops)  of  cherry-laurel  water  may  excite  tickling 


ACIDUM   HYDROCYANICUM. 


35 


in  throat  and  Increased  flow  of  saliva*  If  dose  be  somewhat  in  creased  > 
or  if  small  doses  be  frequently  repeated,  nausea,  vomiting,  dizziness 
and  headache  appear  not  unfrcquently  i  with  sensation  of  giddiness  may 
be  associated  buzzing  in  ears,  difficulty  of  respiration,  and  great  weak- 
ness,    (Lewin.) 

10.  A  child  of  seven,  having  eaten  in  m,  a  score  of  almonds,  with 
peaches  and  apricots,  was  seized  in  middle  of  day  with  general  malaise, 
violent  headache,  and  buzzing  In  ears,  formication  in  legs  and  staggering. 
He  was  taken  to  his  relatives  presenting  the  appearance  of  drunkenness. 
Put  to  bed,  he  was  soon  seized  with  &ntings,  which  were  prolonged, 
and  caused  much  anxiety.  Stimulating  frictions  and  an  antispasmodic 
mixture  caused  disappearance  of  symptoms  in  e.,  and  patient  was  well 
next  m.  The  reporter  had  no  hesitation  in  ascribing  the  symptoms  to 
hydrocyanic  acid.      {BulL  de  Ther,^  iv,  99,) 

It.  A  man  swallowed  by  mistake  gr.  23  of  cyanide  of  potassium. 
In  2  m,  he  became  senseless.  Respiration  was  slow  and  laboured  j 
pupils  dilated  and  fixed;  ^yt^  open  and  protruding;  conjunctiviE 
slightly  injected  ;  face  and  neck  congested  and  livid,  veins  being  very 
prominent ;  skin  of  head  hot ;  temperature  of  extremities  normal ; 
pulse  full,  bounding,  regular,  and  rapid.  Muscles  at  first  relaxed,  but 
afterwards  convulsive  movements  of  limbs  took  place,  followed  by 
rigidity  and  slight  opisthotonos,  pupils  becoming  contracted  and  fixed, 
and  pulse  very  feeble.  Whole  convulsive  paroxysm  lasted  about  i  m. 
By  e.  he  had  almost  completely  recovered,  and  on  following  day  felt 
perfectly  well.     {Boston  Ahd.  and  Surg.  Joum,,  Ixxiv,  311.) 

12,  The  p.-m*  appearances  in  cases  of  poisoning  by  H.  acid  are  the 
following: — Glistening  and  staring  expression  of  eyes  (not  constant)  y 
venous  system  usually  gorged  with  blmjd,  while  arteries  are  empty ; 
blood,  in  many  cases,  fluid,  dark,  or  bluish-black,  not  viscid,  nor  oily  ; 
vessels  of  brain  and  spinal  marrow  frequently  gorged  with  blood,  and 
cerebral  vessels  sometimes  containing  a  serous  or  sanguineous  liquor; 
lungs  in  some  instances  natural,  in  others  tinged  with  bloody  internal 
lining  of  stomach  sometimes  red.     (Pereira,  op.  cit.) 

111.  Experiments  on  animals. —  I.  H.  acid  aftects  all  animals  indis- 
criminately. From  the  highest  to  the  lowest  in  the  scale  of  creation, 
all  are  killed  by  it ;  and  all  perish  nearly  in  the  same  manner.  Such 
is  the  result  of  a  very  extensive  series  of  experiments  by  CouUon* 
{Christison.) 

2.  The  best  experiments  with  the  concentrated  acid  are  those  of 
Magendte,  who  says  that  If  a  single  drop  be  put  into  the  throat  of  a 
dog,  the  animal  makes  two  or  three  deep,  hurried  inspirations,  and 
instantly  drops  down  dead  ;  that  it  causes  death  almost  as  instantaneously 
when  dropped  under   the  eyelid  ;  and  that  when  it  is  injected  into  the 

i  jugular  vein  the  animal  drops  down  dead  at  the  very  instant,  as  if  struck 
with  a  cannon-ball  or  with  lightning.  {Ibid.  In  Chnstison's  own 
experiments  the  time  of  action  was  from  5  to  63  sec.  arter  administra- 
tion, and  that  of  dealh  from  30  to  105  sec.) 

3.  In  the  slower  cases  there  were  regular  fits  of  violent  tetanus  ; 
but  in  the  very  rapid  cases  the  animals  perished  just  as  the  fit  began  to 
show  itself  with  retraction  of  the  head.     When  an  animal  is  poisoned 


36  ACIDUM   LACTICUM. 

with  a  dose  not  quite  sufficient  to  cause  death,  it  it  seized  in  I  or 
2  m.  with  giddiness,  weakness,  and  salivation,  Chen  with  tetanic 
convulsions,  and  at  last  with  gradually  increasing  insensibility.  After 
lying  in  this  state  for  some  time  the  insensibility  goes  oiF  rapidly,  and 
is  succeeded  by  a  few  attacks  of  convulsions  and  transient  giddiness. 
The  whole  duration  of  such  cases  of  poisoning  sometimes  does  not 
exceed  half  an  hour,  but  may  extend  to  a  whole  day  or  more.     (AfV.) 

4.  The  external  phenomena  due  to  the  action  of  pnissic  acid  are 
especially  centred,  in  all  warm-blooded  animals,  in  disturbances  of  die 
respiratory  movements  ;  these  are  cither  more  or  less  quickly  abolished, 
or  are  excessively  retarded.  As  a  rule,  the  typical  poisoning  case 
commences  with  ten  or  twelve  unusually  hurried  respirations,  which 
are  immediately  succeeded  by  an  attack  of  tetanic  convulsions,*  during 
which  the  diaphragm  remains  contracted  and  immovable.  Should  the 
animal  not  die,  as  it  generally  does,  in  this  atuck,  then  all  the  muscles 
become  relaxed,  and  deep  breathing  succeeds  with  very  short  inspirations, 
strikingly  long  expirations,  and  unusually  long  intervals  between  the 
individual  breaths.  If  the  animal  recovers,  these  respiratoiy  pauses 
gradually  give  way  to  more  natural  breathing  ;  but  if  it  does  not 
recover,  death  ends  the  scene  in  less  than  an  hour,  without  any  ftesh 
convulsive  attack.  The  blood- pressure  and  pulse*frequency,  after 
being  slightlv  increased  for  a  few  seconds  by  prussic  acid,  become 
considerably  lessened.  But  it  is  by  no  means  easy  to  kill  the  heart  by 
doses  of  prussic  acid.  If  death  by  asphyxia  be  hindered  by  arti6ciu 
respiration,  even  when  enormous  doses  ot  the  acid  were  given,  the  heart 
beat  regularly,  though  rather  slowly,  until  the  animals  finally  recovered 
from  the  poisoning.     (Boehm,  Ziemssen's  Cyclop.^  vol.  xvii.) 

5.  The  spinal  cord  of  a  dog  was  divided  between  the  last  dorsal  and 
first  lumbar  vertebrae,  so  that  the  hind  lees  were  completeljr  paraljfsed 
and  insensible  to  mechanical  irritants.  H.  acid  was  then  introduced 
into  one  of  the  hind  legs  :  in  one  m.  symptoms  of  poisoning  com- 
menced  ;  the  hind  as  well  as  the  fore  le^were  violently  convulsed,  and 
in  twelve  m.  the  animal  was  dead,     {fredemeyery  in  Pereinu) 


ACIDUM  LACTICUM. 

Lactic  acid,  HC,H^O,.     Result  of  fermentation  of  sugar  of  mift. 

I.  Proviftgs, — I.  F.  R.  took  several  doses  of  ist  dil.  Experienced  on]y  tense  of 
fulness  in  forehead,  as  if  brain  were  too  large,  during  d. ;  ana  in  e.  therewith  tliglit 
headache,  a  dull  pain  on  both  sides  of  forehead. 

a.  on  two  occasions  took  same.     On  both  had  much  nausea,  persiitiiiK  for 

days.  On  first  also  diarrhoeic  stool,  causing  hurrying;  and  Mireness  to  touch  Uong 
r.  sciatic  nerve,  on  getting  out  of  bed,  lasting  all  day,  and  pulsating  constantly  but 
slightly.  On  second  pupils  were  dilated;  tongue  sore  on  1.  side,  raw  and  red| 
rheumatic  pains  affected  both  shoulders,  running  up  muscles  of  neck  to  mastoid  pro- 
cesses, and  into  ears  $  and  there  was  sensation  as  if  feet  were  perspiring  copiouily. 

•  *'  We  consider  the  convulsions  of  prussic  acid  poisoning  as  the  expression  of  a 
transient  but  energetic  irritation  of  the  central  apparatus  of  the  brain  and 
cord." 


ACIDUM  LACTICUM. 


37 


3.  S.  took  one  doK  of  ix  dil.  His  symptom*  were:  mouth  constantly  full  of 
water,  worse  after  each  eructation  i  saliva  salt,  like  brine,  for  several  d. ;  hilnew  of 
fauces,  with  intent  burning  in  throat,  fauces,  and  oesophagus,  in  latter  especially 
after  eructation,  which  caused  also  qiialmy  feeling;  the  eructations  were  frequent, 
burning  hot  gas  or  acrid  fluid  coming  up,  and  spaimodic  ringing  cough  r«ulting 
from  the  irritation  produced.  There  was  burning  and  weight  in  the  stomach,  aggra- 
vated by  tobaccO)  ai  were  also  the  eructations,  (T.  F.  Allen,  M  Tork  Journ.  of 
Horn,,  i.) 

II,  Fmomngs. — 1.  A  man,  act.  51,  suffering  from  diabetes,  never  had  rheumatism. 
Lung  symptoms  manifesting  themselves.  On  March  8th  took  as  medicine  15  m  of 
I.  acid  4  times  in  d.  On  9th  took  y>  v\  in  m.  In  afternoon  bad  acute  pains  in  jomts 
and  fiying  pains  about  limbs.  In  c,  pains  increased  ;  medicine  discontinued.  10th. — 
No  medicine«  Pains  gradually  ceai>ed,  nth. — Repeat  acid  15  })\  ter  die.  I2th,  c., 
pain  in  joints.  13th,  m.,  small  joints  of  fingers  of  both  hands,  wrists,  and  in  less 
degree  elbows,  were  noted  as  being  red,  swollen,  and  painful.  E,,  small  joint*^  of 
fingers,  both  wrists,  and  elbows,  all  red,  hot^  swollen,  tender,  painful.  Heart-*ounds 
clear.  Temp.,  m,  100*^  F.,  c,  101°  F.  Pulse  90,  soft  and  full.  Moderate  perspira- 
tion. Discontinue  1.  acid.  14th,  m.,  decided  improvement  in  all  joints.  Swelling 
le^s,  heat  and  pain  still  present.  T.  100^,  P.  84*  E.  All  joints  of  fingers  much 
better^  wrists  still  affected.  Good  deal  of  pam  in  knees,  which  had  hitherto  escaped, 
T.  ioog°  P.  90.  15th,  m.  T*  98*6°,  e,  T,  994^  Joints  better,  i6th, — Arms 
quite  %vell,  legs  nearly  so.  t7th. — All  pain  gone.  T.  98 "2°,  P.  7a.  Mar.  Z9th. 
^75  T?l  of  acid  in  10  oz.  of  water,  to  be  taken  as  a  drink  in  14  h.  No  pain  for  5  d, 
Pulse  rose  la  per  m,  on  and  after  3rd  d.  Temp.,  previously  elevated  by  lung  com- 
plications, showed  no  change  on  4th  and  5th  d.,  remaining  at  99"^,  instead  of  varying 
as  usual  for  some  time  previously.  After  midnight  of  5th  d,  pains  in  joints  came  on. 
^On  m.  of  6th  d,  metacarpo-phalangeal  and  fir^it  phalangeal  joints  of  ist  and  2nd 
"ngcrs  of  both  hands  were  red,  swollen,  hot  and  painful.  Pain  much  aggravated  by 
'movement.  T.  99*4**^  P.  lot.  Heart-sounds  clear.  Discontinue  acid,  E.  Pain  and 
rtdness  les*.  Joints  still  stitf.  No  other  joints  affected.  T,  99'!*^.  April  5th. — 
Hand*  much  better.  Took  30  V\  of  acid  in  forenoon.  E.,  swelling,  redness,  and 
tenderness  retiirned  in  knuckles.  Discontinue  acid,  6th, — No  pain.  Took  45  n\ 
up  to  4  p.m.  At  9  p.m.  swelling  in  knuckles  and  left  wrist.  No  more  acid  for  2  d. 
Joint  symptoms  gradually  disappeared.  Resumed  on  9th  to  13th  3  5ll\  acid  per 
diem.  No  symptoms  till  night  of  13th,  except  frying  pains  about  joints,  then  dis- 
turbed by  severe  pain  in  r.  wrist,  which  in  m.  wa-s  red,  hot,  swollen  and  painful.  P. 
98,  full  and  soft.  Copious  perspiration,  acid  reaction.  Elbows  and  knees  stiff  next 
day.  In  4  d.  little  stiffness  in  r.  wTist  only  remained.  The  acid  taken  again  in  a  week 
with  like  results.  Continued  for  some  weeks  taking  io  v\  per  diem,  and  stopping  a 
day  or  two.  No  pain.  Early  in  June  took  40  to  50  IT^  per  diem.  Two  sharp 
attacks  as  before  in  the  month.  At  end  of  month  took  75  Tl^  daily,  increased  to 
lOQ  on  July  6th.  On  July  7th  had  pain  and  stiffness  of  joints,  aggravated  by 
walking,  8th,  These  sj^mptoms  worse  in  e,,  wrists  and  elbows  vcr)' stiff"  and  painful. 
Knees  less  so.  T.  ioo*6°.  Stop  acid.  Well  by  loth.  Took  on  this  day  100  l![ 
of  acid,  witb  result  similar  to  last.  In  addition  had  pain  in  1.  side.  Heart-sounds 
clear.  All  pain  subsided  by  July  17th.  (Balt».  Foster,  CYmiffl/  Mididm^  ^, 
144.) 

a.  Anot]ier  man,  suffering  from  diabetes  i  never  had  rheumatism.  Took  30  or 
40  ili  of  lactic  acid  per  diem.  On  4th  d.  had  shaip  pain  in  r.  knee,  witb  itiffness, 
aggravated  by  walking.  Severe  pain  in  other  joints.  No  swelling  or  redness.  Skin 
soft  and  moist.  Discontinue  acid.  Pain  c^one  in  a  d.  On  subsequently  resuming 
acid  for  a  week,  was  laid  up  with  severe  pam  in  elbows,  shoulders,  ankles,  and  knees, 
all  aggravated  by  movement.  Swelling  and  redness  only  in  r.  knee.  Free  perspi- 
ration.    P.  96,  full  and  soft.     Discontinue  acid.     Well  in  a  week.     (JhiJ,)* 

III.  Exferimtnti  on  animals. — i.  Injection  of  5vij  of  1.  acid  into  peritoneal 
cavity  of  a  healthy  cat  produced  during  life  irregular  and  irritable  action  of  heart  5 
the  beat*  could  not  be  counted.  After  death  liver,  kidneys,  and  lungs  were  found 
congested.      The    blood   in  r.  heart  dark,  ilimy,  soft,   and   cheesy.     The  mitral 

•  Kuek  also  has  observed  the  same  phenomena  in  a  diabetic  who  was  being 
treated  with  the  acid  {Beiiri^e  zur  FaiA,  u.  Ifur.  da  Diahctts,  ii,  p.  166). 


38  ACIDUM  MURIATICUM. 

valvf  gmtly  thirkennl,  red  and  crdematoun.  Small  fibrinout  dqxMk  idhering  to 
surface  *>t  v'aUc.  KxiitUiiun  uf  glutinouft  fluid  on  puncture  with  needle.  Eodocar- 
dium  of  1.  venrricie  intirnscly  vascular,  appearing  like  bright  red  velvet.  Fericaidiiifli 
dry  and  slightly  injcriid. 

z  Injiithin  ot  }(j  or  ^ij  into  pcritonral  cavity  of  tix  dogi,  repeated  after  a 
few  d.  in  in^^tanccs  whrrr  litt  was  prolun^ed.  During  life  indications  of  pain  in  aD 
joints  in  3  inNtanrt'««.  In  (ine  inMancr  pain  and  tcndcmeu  over  region  of  Mart.  In 
all  l)L-ats  (it  hrart  wrrr  sharp  and  quirk,  wcond  luund  prolonged,  lirrt  obKOIv 
Where  lite  wa^  pnilonged  a  soft  murmur  was  noticed  on  4th  d.^  and  a  loud  ijttolic 
bruit  on  5th.  In  one  instance  there  was  flight  intermi»ion  of  puli«.  After  death, 
where  it  had  oicurred  the  first  day  or  two,  was  noticed  panive  congertion  of  hmgs 
with  hypenemin  ot  the  upper  lobe;  pericardium  dry,  veancU  finely  injected  ;  cndo- 
cariiium,  r.  ^idv  normal,  one  segment  of  tricuspid  swollen  leveral  timet  beyond 
natural  si/e,  the  thickening  bright  red,  irregular  \  1.  side  brilliant  red  and  velvety  in 
appearance,  segments  ot  mitral  vaU'e  thick,  crtlematuus,  bright  red,  with  beads 
around  their  tree  margins.  Aortic  valves  deep  red.  Muscular  structure  onusoaUy 
red.  It  lite  ha<l  been  prolonged  to  3rd  or  4th  d.,  on  pericardium  over  1.  vcntriw 
there  was  exudation  of  plastic  lymph  ;  the  mitral  valve  was  thickened  and  pale  frooi 
exudation  of  lymph.  In  one  instance  the  anterior  curtain  was  adherent  to  the  bcartp 
wail.  The  aortic  valve  slightly  thickened.  In  one  instance  there  was  exudation 
into  the  pleural  cavity.  (B.  W.  Richardson,  Camte  rf  Qnigdtamm  ff  BkU^ 
Appendix.)* 


ACIDUM  MURIATICUM. 

Muriatic  acid,  hydrochloric  acid. — An  aqueous  solution  of  hydrochloric  acid  gai 
(HCl)  obtained  by  submitting  a  mixture  of  chloride  of  sodium  and  sulphuric  acid  to 
distillation,  and  condensing  the  gas  which  passes  over  in  water,  op.  gr.  iNwiH 
be  1.7.     (Ertt.  Pharm.) 

1.  Provlngs, — I.  Hahnemann,  Materia  Medica  Pura^  vol.  v  of 
original,  vol.  ii  of  English  translation.  Contains  61  symptomi  from 
sclf^  196  from  six  fellow-observers,  and  22  from  authors. 

2.  Ibid.  Chronic  Diseases,  Part  iv  of  original,  vol.  oftransia- 
tion.  The  same,  with  some  additional  symptoms  from  author  amd 
Rummel,  and  from 

3.  Nenning.  Hartlaub  and  Trinks' i/r2«rtW//////Ar#.  (Translated 
in  Annals  of  British  Homoeopathic  Society^  A  pp.  to  vol.  x.)  Incorporatcil, 
so  far  as  deemed  valuable,  in  pathogenesis  of  Chronic  Diseases. 

4.  In  small  doses,  medicinal  muriatic  acid  occasions  an  agreeaUe 
warmth  in  the  stomach,  and  generally  some  quickening  of  the  pulse, 
cheerfulness,  flushing  of  the  face,  and  an  increased  flow  of  urine.  Its 
protracted  use  sometimes  occasions  salivation.  In  larger  doses,  it 
excites  the  brain  in  a  peculiar  manner,  causing  giddiness,  confusion  of 
the  senses,  a  sort  of  intoxication,  in  fine.  (Stille,  Mat.  Mid^  sub 
voce.     To  the  same  cflFect  Pereira.) 

II.  Poisonings. — In  the  few  cases  that  have  been  observed,  die 
symptoms  were  those  of  pure  local  corrosion.  (See  Orfila,  Tsxsir., 
one  case  ;   Quekett,  Med,  Gaz,^  xxv,  285.) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals, — When  dogs  are  made  to  swallow  the 

*  Senator  (ZiemssenS  CyclotaJia,  xvi,  16 — a  8)  states  that  Rauch  alfo  thought 
himself  to  have  obtained  similar  resultS|  but  that  M oiler  and  Reyher  have  proved 
either  to  be  erroneous. 


ACIDUM   NITRICUM. 


39 


strong  acid  (6 — 8  grms.  in  small  dogs)  they  at  once  experience  a  great 
failure  of  strength,  they  exhale  by  the  mouth  and  by  the  nose  thick 
vapours  of  the  acid.  They  vomit  after  some  minutes  brown-greenish 
stringy  matters,  as  if  bilious.  They  raise  plaintive  cries,  and  die 
in  4  to  6  h.  Death  is  almost  a!ways  preceded  by  convulsive 
movements  of  violent  character,  especially  In  muscles  of  neck  and 
spine.  In  some  cases  these  organs  arc  so  strongly  contracted  that  the 
head  is  drawn  backwards,  and  forms  with  the  spine  a  curvature  of 
remarkable  concavity.  On  opening  stomach  one  finds  the  mucous 
membrane  inflamed,  and  of  a  cherry-red  colour  all  over.  Sometimes  near 
the  pylorus  the  mucous  membrane  shows  stains  oC a  black  or  exceedingly 
deep  red  colour,  which  are  true  eschars,  and  which  might  be  taken  for 
masses  of  black  blood  extravasated  on  the  mucous  membrane.  Some- 
times finally  one  notices  holes  in  the  places  which  correspond  to  these 
eschars,  and  then  there  is  an  effusion  into  the  belly  of  acid  and  blackish 
liquids.  The  other  viscera  present  no  changes  of  note.  (Orfila, 
TaxicologU^  sub  voce.) 


ACIDUM   NITRICUM. 

Nitric  acid,  NO^. — Result  of  distillation  of  natural  nitrate  of  *oda  or  potash  (hence 
old  namCf  Nitri  acidum)  with  sulphuric  a^cid, 

L  Provings. — I,  H  A  HK  EM  AN  N%  CArWf /)fVtfj^'^  Part  iv  of  original, 
vol,  of  English  translation.  Contains  1424  symptoms,  of  which 
about  1200  are  his  own,  200  from  fellow-observers,  and  30  from 
authors, 

2  In  Sept.,  1793,  I  began  to  take  nitric  acid.  On  the  iith^took 
at  different  times  about  3J  of  strong  acid  diluted  with  water.  Soon 
after  taking  it  felt  sense  of  warmth  in  stomach  and  chest,  but  no  dis- 
agreeable sensation  or  other  material  effect*  On  2nd  d.,took  consider- 
able quantity  of  diluted  acid,  as  much  as  could  easily  be  drunk  in  fore- 
noon^  and  continued  so  to  do  for  4  d*  more.  On  3rd  d.  felt  gums 
affected  ;  they  were  somewhat  red  and  enlarged  between  teeth.  Slept 
ill,  but  could  lie  for  length  of  time  on  1.  side,  which,  from  some  affection 
of  liver,  had  not  been  the  case  for  many  months  before.  Pain  at  back 
of  head  resembling  that  which  I  have  commonly  felt  when  taking 
mercury.  On  4th  d,,  gums  a  little  tender.  Pain  still  in  head,  and 
also  about  jaws.  On  5th  d,,  slight  salivation.  On  6th  d.,  yet  more, 
and  mouth  sore.  On  7th  d.,  mouth  so  troublesome  that  I  shall  take  no 
more  acid.  On  omitting  it,  mouth  gradually  got  well.  (Scott, 
Duncan's  AnnaU^  i^  379.) 

3.  11.30  a.m.  Health  normal,  pulse  78,  regular;  took  10  drops  of 
fuming  acid  in  half  glass  of  water  (Jij).  Soon  pressure  and  heavi- 
ness in  forehead,  with  darting  pains  in  ears  and  vertigo.  Can  walk 
straight  only  by  an  effort.  These  symptoms  attended  by  chilliness 
and  nausea.  12.  Nausea  increased  to  vomiting,  with  pain  in  mouth, 
throat,  and  stomach.  Vision  obscured.  Eyes  feel  hot  and  excoriated. 
Feeling  of  intoxication  continues :  vomited  once  only,  but  repeated  and 
constant  retching   followed.      12.15.    Burning  pain   in    bladder   and 


40  ACIDUM   NITRICUM. 

call  to  urinate;  urine  scalding.  12.30.  Urinated  again,  scant  and 
hot.  During  aft.  repeated  urination,  odour  strong.  Towards  e. 
drawing  pains  in  back  and  loins.  Pulse  68,  weak.  5.30.  Desire  for 
stool,  no  relief.  7.  Difficult  stool  with  straining  and  burning  in 
rectum.  2nd  d. — Sleep  was  restless  and  uneasy;  waked  with  pain  in 
head  and  cervical  region.  Chilliness  and  shuddering  even  when  near 
hot  stove  (temp,  and  pulse  not  taken).  7  a.m.  Passive  epistaxis,  dark 
blood.  Desire  for  stool,  no  relief;  urinary  symptoms  continue.  1 1. 
Rheumatic  pains  and  drawing  from  knee  to  groin,  with  soreness  of 
testes.  12.  Indisposed  to  read  or  study.  3rd  d. — Pulse  slow  and 
irregular ;  feel  very  languid  with  continued  chilliness :  two  diarrhceic 
stools  during  morning,  with  tenesmus  ;  occasional  loose  cough.  4th  d. 
— Dark  red  papular  eruption  in  clusters  on  various  parts  of  trunk  and 
neck,  with  soreness  and  itching :  this  continued  for  nearly  a  week. 
Otherwise  well.     (W.  H.  Willson,  M.D.,  communicated,) 

4.  10  a.m.  Health  good,  pulse  76  ;  took  18  drops  of  ix  in  water. 
10.15.  Fulness  of  head  with  dull  headache.  10.30.  Increased  pressure 
in  head  with  inabih'ty  to  apply  mind  ;  face  pale ;  veins  turgid  and 
swollen.  10.35.  Respirations  laboured  and  impeded  ;  surface  of  body 
cold  to  touch.  II.  Drowsy,  with  neuralgic  pains  in  r.  supra-orbital 
region  and  car.  11.15.  Passed  normal  urine  (unusual  hour);  hands 
and  feet  cold  and  sweaty  (no  cause).  11.30.  Urinated  again,  scant 
and  strong  odour.  12.  Pressure  in  head  and  neuralgic  pains  continue, 
with  wavering  of  objects  before  the  eves.  Mouth  and  lips  dry  ;  tonj^ue 
feels  scalded,  tip  and  edges  very  red.  12.30.  Fulness  and  oppression 
of  chest  and  epigastrium  is  somewhat  relieved ;  normal  warmth  has 
returned.  2nd  d. — Restless  and  sleepless  at  night :  waked  with  full 
pressing  headache  involving  eyes.  Desire  to  urinate  was  frequent, 
and  flow  irritating  for  2  d.  following.  Otherwise  seemed  welL  (R. 
H.  Curtis,  M.D.,  communicated.) 

5.  Mrs.  took  one  m.  a  few  drops  of  the  dilute  nitric  acid 

of  the  B.  P.  In  afternoon,  slight  aching  in  both  feet  and  leg^ 
up  to  hips  ;  felt  as  if  she  had  taken  cold  in  them.  Woke  early  next 
m.  with  deep-seated  bitter  coldness  of  same  parts  and  deep-seated 
feeling  as  if  dogs  were  gnawing  flesh  and  bones,  and  as  if  sinews 
were  being  pulled  up.  All  these  sensations  worse  in  feet  and  thighs. 
Kept  her  awake  rest  of  night ;  not  relieved  by  position  or  movement^ 
relieved  for  time  by  hard  rubbing.  After  breakfast  they  suddenly  dis- 
appeared, leaving  parts  tender  to  touch,  and  as  if  clothes  were  too 
heavy  for  them.  With  the  coldness  there  was  chattering  of  teeth  for 
I  h.  Towards  m.,  also,  there  was  violent  pain  like  throbbing  or 
hammering  on  1.  side  of  head,  coming  on  gradually.  It  began  near 
vertex,  descending  to  region  of  I.  ear;  then  went  gradually  over  vertex 
to  r.  side  of  head,  but  ^till  worse  on  1. ;  not  relieved  by  warmth  of 
flannel.  She  felt  as  if  shi^  could  beat  the  head  to  pieces.  It  gradually 
diminished,  and  about  breakfast  left  her  entirely.  After  rising,  but 
before  breakfast,  great  naulsea  in  stomach  as  if  going  to  retch,  but 
without  retching  or  vomiting,  lasting  till  she  fell  asleep.  After  break- 
fast, for  about  1  h.  (other  pain  having  ceased),  feeling  as  if  head  were 
in  a  vice  from  ear  to  ear,  over  yertex,  arising  and  departing  gradually. 


ACIDUM   NITRICUM 


Afterwards  felt  as  if  she  had  no  head  ;  it  felt  light  on  her  shoulders, 
numb,  or  as  if  made  of  putty.  For  about  i  h.  painless  lumps  in  calves 
about  size  of  half  a  walnut.  Again  fell  asleep;  on  waking  felt  hungry 
and  thirsty,  and  took  second  breakfast,  after  which  she  was  c|uite  well. 
(Berridge,  N,  Am.  Journ^  of  Horn  ,xxi,  loi.) 

6.  In  small  quantities,  the  diluted  acid  excites  the  appetite,  increases 
the  secretion  of  a  hght*coloured  urine,  causes  a  whitish  coating  on  the 
tongue  and  dryness  of  the  mouth  ;  about  the  fifth  day  after  commencing 
the  use  of  the  acid,  the  teeth  begin  to  become  loose,  the  gums  bleed,  in 
some  cases  ptyalism  sets  in.  The  continued  use  of  the  acid  is  followed 
by  digestive  derangements,  colic,  foetid  breath,  headache,  languor,  con- 
stipation or  diarrhoea.     (Wibmer,  IVirk,  der  Arz.^^  sub  voce,) 

7,  A  small  pustular  eruption  sometimes  appears  upon  the  skin.  Bate- 
man,  who  gave  the  acid  in  a  diluted  form  for  hepatic  derangement,  found 
that  it  produced  salivation,  but  neither  foetor  of  the  breath  nor  ulcera- 
tion of  the  gums.  But  all  these  symptoms  existed  in  several  of  the 
cases  (syphilitic)  reported  by  Prioleau,  This  salivation  would  appear 
not  to  depend  upon  the  local  action  of  the  acid,  if  we  may  accept  the 
statement  of  Richter,  who  found  the  same  effect  produced  by  nitric 
acid  baths.     (Stillk,  op,  cit,^  sub  voce.) 

IL  Poisonings, — i.  A  girl,  aet.  17,  in  good  health,  took  about  3j — 
5SS  of  strong  nitric  acid.  Burning  pains  set  in  in  mouth,  throat,  and 
epigastrium,  then  vomiting,  going  on  for  several  days  and  expelling 
bloody  masses.  On  2nd  d.  dysenteric  symptoms  appeared  ;  frequent 
evacuations,  sanguinolent,  with  pains  and  tenesmus.  From  this  lime 
urine  remained  suppressed.  On  3rd  d.,  admitted  to  hospital.  Usual 
signs  of  corrosive  action  of  acid  on  mouth  and  throat  were  present ; 
abdomen  soft  and  not  distended  ;  in  epigastric  and  both  iliac  regions 
pains  increased  by  pressure.  Resp,  16,  pulse  96,  temp.  30  R.  (=;  99^ 
Fahr.).  On  next  two  days  motions  more  frequent  and  now  semi* 
membranous,  bladder  empty,  pulse  84 — 1 00;  resp.  20 — ^24.;  temp. 
29-2° — 28'6^.  Patient  became  paler ;  now  calm  and  apathetic,  now 
anxious  j  quite  sensible,  but  occasionally  complaining  of  headache.  On 
8th  d.  stomach  seemed  full  of  fluid,  and  vomitings  occurred,  with 
anxiety  and  finally  delirium.  Temperature  fell  to  27*8*^  (under  95** 
Fahr.)  on  7th  d.,  and  on  8th  she  *died.  At  p.  m.  usual  local  lesions 
were  found  as  far  as  stomach,  but  small  intestines  were  free.  Large 
intestines  throughout  exhibited  the  appearances  of  intense  dysenteric 
inflammation,  and  kidneys  those  of  acutest  form  of  Bright^s  disease.* 
fWuNDERLiCH,  De  Act,  quihusdam  Addi  Nitrici  caustici  in  corpus 
humanum  intromissi.     LipsirC,  1876.) 

2,  A  man  drank  freely  of  a  weak  solution  of  nitric  acid  in  mistake 
for  water.  Within  a  few  m.  a  deadly  and  intolerable  nausea  came  on, 
which,  within  i  h.,  ended  in  vomiting.  After  this  he  felt  better  for 
some  time,  when  pain,  griping  and  flatus  succeeded  ;  and  about  15  h. 
after  taking  dose,  tenesmus  and  bloody  stools  occurred,  succeeded  by 
headache  and  f^ver.     These  dysenteric  symptoms  lasted  2  d.,  and 

*  Wunderlich  in  his  conclusions  calls  attention  to  the  claims  made  by  homceo- 
pathic  physicians  as  to  the  usefulness  of  nitric  acid  in  dysentery^  and  to  the  repute  it 
enjoys  m  B right's  disease  in  ordinary  practice. 


42 


ACIDUM   NITRICUM. 


cradually  went  ofF,  no  medicine  having  been  taken*     (Waiters,  Mtd% 
Kepmtory,  ii,  337.) 

3,  As  nitric  acid  gas  begins  to  be  developed,  there  is  a  prickling^ 
tickling  sensation  in  nose,  with  frequent  sneezing  ;  as  gas  increases  la 
]uantity^  lips  feel  as  if  covered,  and  give  very  sour  taste  when  touched 

'^with  tongue.  On  being  inhaled,  it  causes  a  constant  and  violent  cough, 
with  whistling  inspiration,  redness  and  sweat  of  face  and  body;  the 
paroxysm  of  cough  increases  so  much  by  continued  inhalation  of  the 
gas,  that  it  causes  a  taste  of  blood,  nausea,  and  actual  vomiting  of 
mucus  and  ftx^d*  Longer  exposure  to  gas  causes  oppression  of  breath- 
ing and  anxiecy,  so  that  it  becomes  necessary  to  leave  the  room  in 
order  to  breathe  freely  and  silence  the  cough.  There  remains  behind, 
for  A  h.  to  2  h.,  great  rawness,  soreness,  and  weariness  of  chest,  with 
pains  in  head*   (Lederer,  jfllg,  horn.  Zett.^  li,  148.) 

4.  a.  From  exposure  to  n.  ac.  fumes  (which  proved  fatal  in  another 
case)  a  young  man  suddenly  felt  exhausted  and  pressed  for  breath  ;  fell, 
and  began  spitting  green  slimy  matter,  having  at  same  time  pains  as  if 
prodded  with  some  sharp  instrument  in  head,  face,  and  body.  Going 
borne  drank  freely  of  cold  milk,  and  next  day  went  to  business.     Was 

'^^soon  seized  with  violent  vomiting,  with  pricking  pains  in  head,  face, 
lips  and  gums,  and  sharp  aching  in  jaws.  Returned  home  and  went  to 
bed  \  had  sense  of  horrible  constriction  across  lower  chest,  with  dyspnoea 
and  incessant  cough,  bringing  up  greenish,  slimy  sputa  \  great  nausea, 
with  unquenchable  thirst,  drinking  causing  increase  of  pricking  paint  in 
stomach,  and  vomiting ;  sensitive  to  slight  noises,  which  cause  shocks 
in  head  j  swelling  of  lips  with  burning  pain  ;  dull  pain  in  bones  of  head  ; 
painful,  raised  papilla!  on  tongue ;  aching  in  limbs  ;  deh'rium,  fancying 
himself  suddenly  rich,  &c.  ;  ugly  raving.  On  3rd  d.,  patient  was 
beside  himself  with  fancies  \  angry  at  attendants  -,  slightly  delirious  \ 
there  was  constant  spitting  of  green  mucus,  and  about  every  15  m. 
vomiting  of  same,  followed  by  neuralgic  pains  in  gums,  teeth  and  jaws, 
and  throat ;  throat  raw,  with  smarting  sensation  down  oesophagus  ; 
burning  in  chest,  and  sense  of  severe  constriction  ;  catching  of  breath 
at  every  attempt  at  a  full  inspiration  ;  muscular  soreness  through  inter- 
costal spaces  i  severe  pain  in  hypochondria  in  m.,  passing  up  walls  of 
thorax,  coming  together  at  upper  thjrd  of  sternum,  causing  a  terrible 
fit  of  coughing  after  about  20  m.,  lasting  some  10  m.,  with  bursting 
headache,  and  pricking  pains  in  face  and  temples,  &c.  ^  sharp  cutting 
pains  all  through  abdomen,  centring  at  siomach-pit;  about  once  an  h. 
terrible  cramps  in  abdomen,  not  relieved  by  stools  of  black  fluid,  which 
occurred  about  every  15  m, 

b.  I  was  called  to  the  patient  on  the  evening  of  this,  the  3rd  d., 
and  finding  the  vomiting  and  purging  to  be  accompanied  by  feeble  and 
irregular  pulse,  cold,  moist  surface,  and  symptoms  of  cedema  of  the 
lungs,  I  gave  verairum  viride  Ix  in  water,  a  teaspoonful  every  \  h., 
except  when  sleeping,  throughout  night,  Sept.  19th,  which  was  the 
4th  d.  after  the  accident,  I  found  diarrhoea  controlled  when  I  called  in 
m.,  and  by  noon  vomiting  had  ceased,  he  continuing  the  veratrum 
viride  as  before.  At  this  time  he  presented  several  objective  symptoms 
of  interest ;  lips  swollen  to  twice  their  natural  si^e  j  blisters  and  swollen 


ACIDUM   NITRICUM. 


43 


papillae  on  the  dry,  brownish-hueJ  tongue ;  pallid^  bluish-coloured  face, 
which  was  pinched  ;  eyes  wild  and  staring,  with  dilated  pupils  ;  great 
restlessness,  patient  tossing  and  rolling  about  in  the  bed,  and  frequently 
getting  out  of  bed  to  sit  or  walk  the  floor  i  gait  weak  and  staggering. 
There  was  ringing  in  ears,  with  stopped- up  feeling,  and  for  a  few 
moments,  after  trying  to  sing,  marked  deafness ;  after  cessation  of 
vomiting  belching  of  great  quantities  of  gas,  accompanied  by  aggrava- 
tion of  sharp,  pricking  pains  in  stomach  ;  constant  sour  taste  in  mouth  j 
violent  pains  in  face,  pricking  on  lying  down,  better  on  rising ;  drawing 
pains  under  both  scapulae,  with  constriction  of  chest  as  by  a  rope 
drawn  tightly  around  lower  part  of  it  ;  coughing  violent,  spasmodic, 
ineffectual,  ending  in  gagging  j  great  weakness  and  languor  j  first 
appearance  of  pain  in  the  lumbar  region  ;  urine  like  brandy,  but  not 
strong  in  odour  ;  later,  and  after  several  days  more,  it  became  some- 
what more  abundant  than  normal,  and  straw  coloured,  with  only 
occasionally  an  hippuric  odour,  scarcely  noticeable  ;  sp.  gr  not  taken  ; 
ravenous  hunger,  dissatisfied  with  milk  and  gruels  j  horrible  thirst. 
5th  d. — Unconquerable  drowsiness  all  day,  waking  with  canine 
hunger  ;  thinks  he  is  going  to  die  j  frightened  feeling  ;  hps  somewhat 
swollen  still  \  some  cpistaxis  ;  eyes  smart  i  severe  lachrymation  j 
small  ccchymoses  and  papulae  appear  here  and  there  and  disappear 
again ;  crawling  sensation  all  over  the  body,  with  sticking  pains. 
6th  d, — ^Symptoms  of  convulsions,  such  as  subsultus,  twitching  of  facial 
muscles,  with  distortion  of  visage ;  slight  wandering  of  mind  ;  tossing 
about  in  bed  ;  insatiable  thirst  j  bursting  headache,  with  soreness  of 
scalp,  as  from  ulceration  ;  relief  of  head  symptoms  by  tying  head  up 
tightly;  constipation,  with  pricking,  cutting  pains  at  anus  during  stool, 
which  was  hard  and  dry.  On  this  and  the  two  preceding  days  the 
patient  received  bryonia  jx  in  water  every  h.  7th  d,^ General  improve- 
ment in  all  symptoms  except  those  of  lungs.  Great  distress  for  breath, 
and  some  dulness  on  percussion  over  lower  parts  of  chest,  back  and 
front,  with  dulness  of  respiratory  murmur  ;  considerable  raising  of 
frothy  mucus,  with  rawness  of  chest  on  coughing.  8th  d, — Raised 
about  an  ounce  of  bright  blood  this  afternoon  while  coughing,  after 
which  he  breathed  with  more  ease.  Thirst  nearly  gone  ;  appetite  more 
normal  \  flatulence  gone  ;  less  pain  about  the  head  and  body.  9th  d. 
— ^No  especial  change,  except  a  gradual  subsidence  of  symptoms  on 
bryonia  3X.  nth  d. — ^Patient  rapidly  improving;  went  out  to  walk 
this  afternoon  ;  raised  about  an  ounce  of  blood  while  coughing ;  sore- 
ness of  chest  declining,  and  cough  loose  and  easier.  15th  d. — The 
patient  called  at  the  oflice,  and,  seeming  to  feel  relieved  in  all  respects, 
he  was  discharged  from  treatment,  with  bryonia  for  a  few  more  days 
and  general  advice  as  to  exposure,  &c, 

c.  There  was  at  no  time  any  icterus.  But  his  employer,  Mr.  Cod- 
man,  who  died  in  a  few  hours  after  exposure  to  the  fumes  of  the  acid, 
grew  yellow  in  less  than  3  h.  He  complained  of  general  malaise, 
oppression  of  the  chest,  drowsiness,  and,  after  eating  a  little  fruit  for 
his  noon  lunch,  gradually  sank,  and  died  with  his  lungs  filled  with 
frothy  mucus,  as  shown  by  the  necropsy,  (Hcb£R  SmitHj  M  £ngh 
Med.  Gw2.,  Sept.,  1884,) 


♦♦ 


ACIDUM   NITRO-MURIATICUM. 


ACIDUM  NITRO-MURIATICUM. 

NItro.inurtatic  (iutro-hydrf>ch1onc)  ^id,     A  mixture  of  nitric  and  munatic  tciJs 
the  latter  generally  prcpondcniting. 

I.  Printings, — t.  a.  Dr,  Scott  took  baths  of  acid,  prepared  with  three 
parts  of  nitric  to  one  of  muriatic  acid,  and  added  to  water  tilt  latter 
tasted  sour*  After  three  daily  immersions  of  \  h.  each  became 
sensible  of  odd  sensation  about  gums,  jaws,  and  teeth.  Continued 
bath  2  d.  more.  On  4th  d.  some  uneasiness  on  swallowing^  and  occa- 
sional salivation  i  gums  somewhat  reddened.  On  5th  d.  pain  on  swml* 
lowing  felt  all  down  oesophagus,  with  burning  there  and  in  roof  of 
mouth.  On  6th  d.  mouth  somewhat  painful  and  pulse  quicker  than 
usual.  These  symptoms  continued  m  some  degree  for  a  fortnight 
afterwards. 

b.  Mere  sponging  skin  with  acid,  sufficiently  diluted  with  wtter^ 
gives  rise  to  same  effects  with  bathing.  When  bathing  or  sponging  ii 
u carried  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  when  system  is  much  under  its 
"influence,  a  sense  of  weakness  comes  on  occasionally  ;  some  nervous 
irritation  and  restlessness  are  felt ;  a  metallic  taste  (generally  compared 
to  that  of  copper)  becomes  sensible  ;  a  sense  of  pain  occurs  in  some 
parts  of  the  palate  or  mouth,  which  is  not  permanent,  but  comes  and 
soon  goes  ofF again.  At  length  little  specks  or  small  ulcerations,  quite 
superficial,  are  seen  on  interior  of  mouth  and  over  tongue,  so  that  some 
degree  of  excoriation  or  rawness  is  at  last  produced.  This  is  attended  by 
a  considerable  discharge  of  saliva,  with  an  increase  of  the  feeling  of  low 
ness  or  depression.  There  is  no  foetor  ;  the  salivation  is  intermittent 
only  i  the  teeth  arc  never  injured.  The  excoriations  soon  disappear  when 
the  acid  is  discontinued.  It  sometimes  very  suddenly  increases  the  secret 
tion  of  bile,  and  this  effect  may  be  kept  up  for  a  length  of  time.  It 
increases  the  perspiration  and  o^en  to  a  great  extent.  I  have  lately^ 
added  more  and  more  of  the  muriatic  acid  in  proportion  to  the  nitric^ 
and  the  eflFects  have  proportionately  increased.  [American  Mid, 
Recardtr^  i,  84.) 

a.  Dr.  J.  C.  Morgan,  June  30th,  1867^  at  6.iop,m*,fook:  1  drops  of  Ix  dil.  (atjue* 
ous)in  5J  of  wafer.  Imtncd  lately  sense  of  prfwure  or  fulness  in  the  parotid,  ftubmaxillAry* 
and  stibltngijal  glands,  in  order  named,  with  some  increase  of  saliva.  On  I.  »idc 
incTeased  more  and  more  towards  zygoma  and  malar  bone;  less  on  r.  iide.  At  11, 
I  drop;  slept  wclL  July  t*x^  noon,  of  sohitian  of  gtt.  tij  in  fjij  of  water  took  1  sip. 
about  ^  ;  6ve  m.  after,  while  leaning  to  1.  side,  sudilen  sticlcing  ache  in  ).  temporal 
region,  preceded  by  twitching  of  anterior  fibrefi  of  temporal  muscle.  In  |  K,,  while 
vvriting  at  a  very  low  table^  spasmodic  tremulous  contractions  in  pharynx,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  levator  palati  muscles.  On  walking  in  room,  1  h,  later,  a  cramp 
momentarily  felt  in  hollow  of  r.  foot,  and,  i  p.m.,  took  another  !^ip  from  the  solu- 
tion. Immediately  sensation  in  penis,  afterwards  in  bladder  (whilst  writing)  of 
desire  to  urinate ;  later  a  sort  of  languid  aching  through  hips  and  thighs  (front)  and 
small  of  back  (having  rented  arms  on  thighs).  After  a  short  delay  passed  a  quantity 
of  normal,  somewhat  pale,  urine.  Aftenvards,  while  sitting,  a  glow,  with  Jangiiid 
feeling,  from  calf  to  sole  of  1.  lower  extremity,  continuing  a$  heat  in  the  sole.  After- 
wards, sticking  in  dorsum  of  r.  hand  to  third  knuckle.  Afterwards,  successively,  the 
fame  on  dorsum  of  1.  forehand  and  hand,  then  in  back  of  both  thighs  when  walking, 
at  7i  p.m.     Directly  after,  while  still  walking,  a  sharp,  stitch-like  drawing  pain  ia 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM. 


45 


front  of  r.  forearm,  beginning,  and  worst  and  most  pemstent,  at  commencement  of 
biceps  tendon,  above  elbow^  (Ate  vanilla  ice-cream  at  dei^scrt,  4  p.m,)  The  pain* 
(espcciaJly  of  upper  extrcmiiics)  recurred  quite  frequently  up  to  m.  of  July  3rd, 
(HaAn.  Marti /ily,  vi,  186,) 

3.  Dr.  C.  WiNSLOW,  Age  261  temperament  bilious.  Experimented  with  nitro- 
muriatic  acid,  each  dose  containing  one  tenth  of  a  drop.  Took  6n§t  dose  at  to  a.m. 
At  II,  slight  feverish ne<is,  slight  frontal  headache,  witn  some  dizziness^  Second  dose 
at  3  p.m.  At  4,  feverish nes*  continued:  peculiar  semations  in  tcmplef,  a»  if  brain 
were  distended  j  a  feeling  of  pressure  on  temples  ;  sume  palpitation  of  heart.  Third 
dose  at  6  p.ra.  About  i  h.  after  taking  this  do*e  had  a  slight  colic  in  lower  region 
of  abdomen;  slept  unusually  well,  and  felt  the  next  morning,  the  21st,  better  thaA 
usuaL  August  21st,  at  10  a.m.»  to«jk  another  dose.  Experienced  no  unusual  sensa* 
tions  except  some  slight  feveriihncss.  At  3  p,m.|  took  fifth  dose  and  felt  no  sym- 
ptoms, no  feveribhness,    (/^/4^,) 


ACIDUM  OXALICUM. 

Oxalic  acid,  HjC^O^.     Acid  principle  of  sorrel  and  other  plants:  prepared  on  large 
scale  by  action  of  caustic  alkalies  on  sawdust. 

I.  Provings. — I.  Reil,  mt,  29,  in  good  health  and  of  simple  habits. 
Made  concentrated  solution  of  acid  in  distilled  water  at  60*^,  it  ron- 
tained  gr,  50  to  5vriJ,  From  this  made  dilutions  with  distilled  water 
in  proportion  of  r  co  8. 

a.  Sept.  28th,  1 849,  took  at  7*30  a, tti.,  fasting,  20  drops  of  and  diK, 
and  repeated  dose  in  e.  Next  d.  took  30  drops  in  m.  and  e*  None 
but  slight  effects  resulted,  30th. ^  m,  and  e.^  40  drops.  Oct.  1st,  m. 
and  e,,  50  drops ;  2nd,  m.,  noon,  and  e.,  60  drops ;  3rd,  m,,  noon, 
and  c.,  80  drops  ;  4th,  tn.,  noon,  and  e.,  100  drops.  On  30th  had 
pressive  frontal  headache,  eyes  and  forehead  smarting  as  if  coryza 
would  set  in  (which  it  did  not).  This  lessened  on  ist  and  disappeared 
on  2nd,  leaving  only  aversion  to  mental  exertion.  After  doses  from 
40 — 60  drops  much  rumbling  in  belly  and  increased  discharge  of  flatus. 
Stools  absent  or  difficult  throughout, 

b.  Took  1st  dil.  from  5th  to  9th  inclusive,  20,  40,  60,  80,  and  1 00 
drops  on  successive  days,  three  times  a  day.  On  5th,  pain  in  sacrum  all 
day,  relieved  after  difficult  evacuation.  Distension  of  abdomen  this  d. 
and  next.  No  stool  on  6th  j  on  7th  abundant  soft  motion  covered 
with  mucus,  preceded  for  some  h.  by  frontal  headache.  Stool  the  same 
next  d.  J  on  9th,  after  previous  rumbling  in  abdomen,  copious  pappy 
evacuation  with  cutting  pains.  On  8th,  empty  feeling  in  stomach  ; 
pain  across  kidneys  j  at  n.  unpleasant  pinching  around  umbilicus 
repeatedly  waking  him  up.     On  gth,  feeling  of  lassitude  all  day. 

c.  From  1 0th  to  13th  inclusive  took  repeated  doses  of  concentrated 
solution,  from  10  drops  to  50,  without  effect  save  flatulence  and  loose 
stools,  with  painful  griping  and  twisting  in  stomach.  Oct.  14th* — Took 
six  doses  of  100  drops  each  every  2  h.  ;  appetite  good  in  spite  of 
increasing  pains  in  stomach.  At  7.30  p.m.,  on  going  out,  very  severe 
bellyache,  as  if  diarrhcea  would  set  in  ;  no  stool ;  great  lassitude.  The 
urine  passed  in  m.  of  13th  after  standing  36  h,  in  a  warm  room  was 
still  strongly  acid,  and  a  mass  of  crystals  had  deposited  in  it,  which 
under  microscope  and  by  the  murexide  test  were  recognised  as  uric 


46 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM, 


acid.  Traces  of  oxalate  of  lime  were  seen  as  a  milk-white  precipitate, 
15th. — A  tab)csp<>onful  every  2  h.  ;  soon  after  the  ftr»t  dose  a  papp^N 
evacuation  ;  all  other  symptoms  as  yesterday,  Pafns  in  stomacl 
increase  a  while  after  eatings  whilst  formerly  chey  vanished  after  eatmj 
3  p»m«,  an  uncomfortable  diarrhccic  evacuation,  likewise  at  7  p.m* 
though  in  smaller  quantity.  At  5,  soon  after  food,  pains  in  ftomact 
were  more  troublesome  than  ever,  and  at  same  time  nausea  with  incli- 
nation to  vomit  before  food  was  present.  i6th. — A  tablespoonfut  every 
2  h.  (=  about  3  gr)  ;  on  awaking  early  difficulty  of  swallowing  with 
scraping  sensation  i  tonsils  and  velum  paUti  slightly  reddenei^  and 
covered  with  adherent  mucus,  which  can  only  be  detached  by  vioileni 
effort.  During  previous  n  frequent  awaking  from  stomachache  anf 
urging  to  pass  water.  After  each  meal  more  acute  stomachache  zni 
stronger  inclination  to  vomit.  Appetite  previously  g<x>d,  to*day  absent, 
although  gnawing  sensation  in  stomach  often  simulates  hunger  ;  at 
midday  could,  however,  hardly  swallow  a  few  bites.  Warm  soup 
afforded  relief,  but  after  swallowing  a  few  spoonfuls  great  urging  to  stool 
set  in,  which  was  thin,  yellowish,  slimy,  and  serous,  and  accompanied 
with  tenesmus.  The  difficulty  in  swallowing  increased  after  each 
meal.  At  3.30  pm.  occurred  second  evacuation  of  same  consistency, 
without  blood  but  with  much  tenesmus.  Towards  e*  pain  in  stomach 
and  bowels  became  more  acute,  and  obliged  me  to  sit  doubled  up.  As 
I  had  already  noticed  on  taking  my  sweetened  morning  and  afternoon 
coftee,  the  sugar  in  my  tea  seemed  to  increase  the  pains  in  the  stomach* 
The  tongue,  in  spite  of  the  great  loss  of  appetite,  remained  clean, 
moist,  and  uncoated.  Throat  still  more  reddened  than  in  m.  The 
morning's  urine  was  strongly  acid,  deposited  uric  acid  spontaneously, 
and  contained  oxalate  of  lime.  lyih^ — ^Nothing  taken.  Throughout 
n.  was  disturbed  by  pains  in  stomach  and  abdomen,  and  burning  in 
rectum  ;  before  midnight  and  at  7*30  a.m.  two  serous  stools  with  a  few 
Streaks  of  blood  and  much  tenesmus.  Great  prostration  with  feeling 
as  if  spine  were  too  weak  to  carry  body,  l^he  symptoms  of  angina,  sub- 
jective and  objective,  were  the  same  as  yesterday.  Cafe  au  lait  with 
sugar  increased  the  persistent  stomachache.  11.30  a.m.  another  serous 
evacuation,  mixed  with  some  blood  ;  tenesmus.  At  midday  little  appe- 
tite J  I  took  only  some  gruel,  which  relieved  the  painful  sensations.  In 
afternoon  repeated  but  fruitless  attempts  to  empty  the  bowels.  Te* 
nesmus  during  whole  time.  Climbing  the  stairs  was  especially 
troublesome.  Head  clear  as  heretofore.  Character  of  urine  same  as 
yesterday,  1 8th. — Nothing  taken.  Sleep  last  night  frequently  dis- 
turbed by  pains  in  anus;  angina  better;  appetite  also  better,  although 
food  taken  caused  pains  round  and  below  navel,  after  a  lapse  of  2  h., 
that  is,  during  its  passage  through  the  jejunum  and  ileum.  Towards 
midday  an  evacuation,  not  so  serous  but  stilf  tinged  with  bloody  slime  ; 
tenesmus  ;  lassitude ;  urine  as  yesterday,  although  the  oxaKite  of  lime 
is  less.  19th. — Nothing  taken.  Sleep  good  ;  still  some  burning  in  anus. 
Angina  slight*  Appetite  good  ;  no  pain  after  food  or  sugar.  Urging 
to  stool,  but  no  evacuation.  Lassitude  improved.  Urine  still  acid. 
Oxalate  of  lime  can  still  be  perceived.  20th.— Nothing  taken.  Con- 
dition nearly  normal,  only  some  lassitude  still  i  appetite  and  digestio 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM. 

good  ;  no  stool.  On  following  m.,  however,  it  occurred  in  normal 
mass  and  quantity,  although  still  with  some  pain  in  anus.  On  the  fol- 
lowing days  this  symptom  also  vanished. 

Roughly  speaking  I  had  during  the  last  six  d,  taken  roj  ounces 
of  the  concentrated  solution  of  oxalic  acid,  containing  65  grains  of  pure 
oxalic  acid.  Altogether,  including  the  ist  and  2iid  dilutions,  I  must 
have  taken  about  70  grains.  The  largest  dose  was  3  grains,  or  18 
grains  per  diem.     {Horn.  Fitrieljahrsch^y  ii,  340.) 

2.  A  young  physician  to  whom  I  gave  some  oxalic  acid  to  prove, 
without  his  knowing  what  it  was,  experienced  the  following  symptoms, 
which  I  give  in  his  own  words  : — **•  The  2nd  dilution  taken  every  2  h, 
caused  no  noticeable  change,  except  that  after  a  50- drop  dose  I  had  a 
somewhat  sluggish  motion  and  passed  water  somewhat  oftener  but 
perhaps  in  smaller  quantity.  With  doses  of  from  80 — lOO  drops,  how- 
ever, this  symptom  vanished. 

*'0f  the  concentrated  solution  I  took  doses  three  times  a  d.  only^ 
and  rose  from  7  to  50  drops  without  detecting  any  change  In  my  con- 
dition. Then  the  stools  became  more  pappy  and  viscid,  and  called  for 
longer  and  harder  straining  than  usual.  I  remarked  a  weakness  in  the 
legs  and  increased  transpiration  all  over  the  body,  especially  in  the 
axilla.  These  symptoms  remained  the  same  up  to  doses  of  80  drops, 
when  there  was  a  slight  degree  of  qualmishness  without  inclination  to 
vomit  and  a  feeling  of  emptiness  in  the  stomach.  The  latter  was 
deceptively  like  hunger  and  often  led  me  to  eat^  without  being  in  the 
least  changed  by  it.  Beyond  this  the  weakness,  which  I  had  previously 
remarked  only  in  the  legs,  spread  over  the  whole  body,  so  that  work 
usually  light  to  me  exhausted  me  very  much  and  left  behind  no  slight 
degree  of  muscular  fatigue.  With  90-drop  doses  the  nausea  and  feelmg 
of  emptiness  \n  the  stomach  increased,  accompanied  by  an  uneasiness 
of  the  whole  body,  so  that  1  did  not  dare  to  increase  the  dose.*^     [Ibid.) 

3.  Dr,  Hering  took,  May  md,  1844,  at  11  p.m.,  gr,  ^  of  Ix  trit.  In  J  b, 
pain  pressing  inwardly  between  vertex  and  occiput,  on  spot  not  targer  than  dollar  on 
middle  line.  Sensation  of  slight  numbness  in  1.  arm*  A  very  violent  contracting 
pain  in  outer  tendon  of  1.  knee.  Long  and  sound  sleep  at  n.  ^rd  d, — In  m.  very 
bruised  and  stiff,  cajinot  leave  hin  bed  till  late.  Had  dreamt  much  which  he  could 
not  remember.  Bruised  and  stilF  feeling  in  back  on  rising;  but  a  chronic  sore-throat 
and  hxmorrhoidal  uneasines*{  better  than  usual.  Sour  ta^te  on  rinsing  mouth. 
Bleeding  of  ^ms  to  unusual  decree  while  brushing  teeth.  At  9.30  a»m,  internal 
sensation  of  neat^  especially  in  face;  pulse  108  ;  urinates  lei(s  than  usuaL  At  it 
hiccup  continuing  for  some  time,  though  he  had  eaten  nothing  substantial ;  and 
recurring  for  some  h*  whenever  he  thought  of  it.  Face  redder  than  usual.  After 
walking  out  pain  in  testicles  and  spermatic  cord,  more  in  latter  and  worse  t,  side. 
While  writing  in  forenoon  violent  jerking  pain  in  ulnar  side  of  r.  arm  near  meta- 
carpus. During  speaking,  much  mucus  in  larynx,  with  hoarseness;  he  has  to 
expectorate  more  tnan  usual.  Sensation  of  fulness  in  face  and  excitement,  with 
di^tnclinntion  to  conversation^  1245*  Pulse  88.  During  hiccup  stitching  pressure 
over  r.  hip.  In  anus  pain,  like  a  dull  slow  stitch,  often  returning.  Painful  but 
dight  pressure:  in  r.  temple,  and  soon  after  in  hollow  of  r.  knee ;  pain  is  somevvhat 
fcrTtlng.  Great  appetite  for  food  at  1  p.m. ;  30  m.  after  pulse  96.  A  quick  jerk  in 
metacarpal  joint  of  left  index  finger,  soon  also  on  ulnar  side  of  hand,  then  on  r.  side 
ot  head.  After  rising  from  recumbent  posture,  pain  in  r,  lumbar  region  between 
last  rib  and  hip,  Greater  love  of  his  children,  in  one  in  whom  this  fueling  always 
predominatei  \  a  decidedly  expressed  and  clearly  di^tinguii^hed  symptom,  it  being 


48  ACIDUM  OXALICUM. 

not  traceable  to  any  other  cause.  In  afternoon  violent  starting  at  slamming  of 
doors,  excitement  seeming  physical  rather  than  mental.  Occasionally  a  pain  in 
depth  of  ear,  as  in  Eustachian  tuhe,  near  thruat  ;  worst  on  r.  side.  In  c,  while 
sitting  down  after  walking,  violent  itching  nn  small  spot  of  neck,  r.  side  of  hairy 
scalp,  1.  side  of  trunk,  &c.  Unwonted  hunger  at  1 1  p.m.  4th.— Again  profound 
and  long  sleep  ;  on  rising  quite  stupid,  lay  down  again  and  slept  another  h.  Usual 
pain  in  sacrum  is  absent :  instead  thereof  bruised  sensation  in  back  from  loins  to 
shoulders.  Thought  is  etfccted  slowly  and  with  difficulty :  is  hardly  able  to  answei 
questions  proposed  to  him.  Scanty  urination.  Indolence  :  he  can  scarcely  sit  up, 
but  wishes  to  lie  down  ;  yet  is  not  sleepy.  Pulse  quicker  than  usual.  Some  heat,  at 
first  in  face,  later  in  1.  leg,  as  from  external  warmth.  In  lying  a  movement  in  the 
upper  l>ody,  especially  the  head,  like  a  fine  rippling  as  of  a  stream.  It  seems  to 
observe  a  rhythm,  but  not  that  of  the  pulse,  than  wliich  it  is  three  times  faster.  It 
is  as  if  the  blood  was  streaming  through  the  smallest  vessels,  from  below  upwards 
and  from  within  outwards.  This  feeling  becomes  plainer  the  more  the  thoughts  are 
directed  to  it.  On  lying  down  also  vertigo,  like  a  swimming  in  the  head  towards  1. 
After  a  nap  numbness  in  occiput  and  erectitms.  He  had  dreamt  of  rapid  sliding 
walking,  and  of  water  being  poured  over  him.  Some  urging  to  urine  and  stOM 
while  lying :  on  rising  violent  tenesmus  in  upper  rectum,  not  as  in  diarrhoeap  but 
painful,  almost  like  knife-stabs.  On  sitting  down  to  stool  pressing  cutting  pain 
from  r.  upper  rectum  to  anus.  Stocd  pappy,  light  brown,  clay-like.  Scanty  dear 
urine.  After  stool  unde6nable  sensation  in  anus  for  4  h.  Some  jerking  in  writing 
as  on  3rd.  While  yawning  a  pressive  stitch  in  r.  hip,  taking  away  his  breath. 
Pain  in  nose.  Yesterdav  and  to-day  peculiar  tightness,  a  sort  of  weakness.  During 
forenoon  nap  a  decided  sour  ta^ite  m  mouth.  Then,  moreover,  and  also  while 
walking  later,  pain  in  heart,  from  behind  and  below  forwards.  At  i  sensation  in 
fauces  as  if  there  were  acidity  in  stomach.  Pain  in  heart  is  very  violent,  as  of 
electric  flashes  coming  from  within.  In  afternoon  again  passage  from  bowels, 
pappy,  thick  and  short,  with  sub«equent  sensation  in  anus  as  yesterday.  During 
passage  violent  stitches  in  ball  of  1.  thumb,  like  knife-stabs.  The  anal  pains  have 
to-day  same  character,  but  are  much  worse.  After  stool  a  heavy  rumbling  in  r. 
side  of  abdomen  (czcum)  and  noise  from  flatulency.  A  stitching  pain  between  r. 
scapula  and  spine.  On  two  following  days  same  symptoms  as  on  4th,  hut  less 
pronounced.  On  6th  had  red  points  on  glans  penis,  without  itching  or  other  sensa- 
tion. For  2  or  3  d.  on  rising  from  sitting  posture  a  sort  of  dizzmess,  as  if  senses 
would  leave  him,  but  without  whirling  round. 

All  the  pains  from  ox.  acid  seem  to  occupy  only  a  small  spot,  }  in.  to  i  in.  in 
length.     They  recur  especially  when  thinking  of  them. 

b,  Jan.  5,  1845,  <ook  a  small  quantity  of  an  aaueous  solution.  After  tome  h., 
while  walking  in  open  air,  a  very  violent  pain  in  1.  eye,  as  it  were  on  small  short 
spaces.  Towards  e.  violent  pressive  pain  within  middle  of  upper  arm,  as  if  in  bone  (just 
at  insertion  of  deltoid),  increased  by  movement  or  use  of  arm  :  it  lasted  all  the  e.,  and 
slightly  next  m.  All  afternoon  and  e.  excessive  fretfulness.  Woke  next  m.  with 
pam  in  1.  kidney ;  and  that  day  and  next  at  each  micturition  pain  in  front  of  glans 
penis,  6  or  7  jerks,  not  violent,  but  very  disagreeable.  In  afternoon  of  3rd  d.  very 
bad  temper.     {Amer.  Arzneipr^ungem.) 

4.  Dr.  Neidhard  took  Ix  trit.  before  going  to  bed.  Some  m. 
after  pain  in  upper  head.  Thereupon  contractive  feeling,  difficult 
breathings  at  larynx  a  tightening  with  whistling  breathing ;  then  pres- 
sure on  whole  chest,  especially  r.  side ;  then  again  the  narrowing  in 
the  trachea  with  oppression  of  lungs.  With  these  sense  of  emptiness 
in  head  and  faintness  ;  it  seemed  as  if  all  the  blood  had  left  the  head, 
and  caused  anxiety.  Being  awaked  by  a  noise  could  not  sleep  again  for 
2  h.  In  m.,  while  in  open  air,  tickling  in  throat  causing  frequent 
cough;  larynx  feels  swollen;  unwillingness  to  speak.  At  11  a.m. 
pressure  over  eyes  while  walking;  pulse  quicker,  fuller^  and  harder 
than  ordinary.  Drawing  pain  with  feeling  of  stiffness  in  angle  of  lower 
jaw,  lasting  some  time  during  rest.     Stitches  in  1,  chest,  more  when 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM, 


49 


walking;  slight  perspiration.  At  n.  distinct  dreams  of  daggers  :  numb- 
ness of  head  and  tickling  with  soreness  in  trachea. 

During  and  after  the  and  trit.  tickling  cough  with  thick  yellowish 
expectoration,     {Ihid,)^ 

5.  a.  Dr.  Koch,  On  ist  d,,  3  rn.  after  taking  a  dose  (quantity 
unknown)  pulse  fell  from  70  to  65,  and  after  30  m.  was  60  and  irre- 
gular, thereafter  more  frequent  and  fuller.  In  \  h.  warmth  in  stomach  j 
in  45  m,  burning  on  1.  haJf  of  tongue,  as  from  pepper  ;  in  90  m,  some 
tightness,  with  inclination  to  breathe  deeply  ;  in  2 — 3  h.  power  of 
apprehension  failed  when  reading,  and  there  was  throbbing  pain  in 
forehead^  and  dull  pain  in  middleof  chest  extending  to  scapula  ;  in  5 — 6 
h.  (e.)  vertigo  on  looking  out  of  window,  as  \(  he  should  fall  through, 
fine  stitches  in  1.  ear,  slight  shooting  pains  in  umbilicus,  cough  and 
tickling  in  throat,  and  sore  feeling  at  pr^cordia,  with  heaviness  of  chest 
as  in  asthma  or  hydrothorax ;  in  8  h.  griping  in  bowels.  On  2nd  d., 
at  7  a.m.,  great  quantity  of  clayey  faeces,  preceded  by  fine  thin  violent 
cutting  in  bowels  ;  then  general  malaise,  urging  to  stool,  and  again  a 
loose  motion  \  in  afternoon  diarrhoea  and  constant  desire  for  stool,  with 
evacuations  of  undigested  food  taken  at  dinner,  followed  by  chilliness  ; 
at  n.  aching  in  chest  as  if  ulcerated  ;  in  e.  felt  quite  ill,  and  drank 
glass  of  wine,  after  which  head  was  painfully  confused  ;  after  supper 
severe  cutting  colicky  pains,  lasting  all  c.,  with  constant  urging  to 
stool  ;  there  was  also  burning  pain  deep  behind  scapula.  During  day 
pulse  was  60,  skin  always  dry,  disposition  irresolute  with  indisposition 
to  work,  the  eyes  weak,  fine  stitches  in  cardiac  region.  In  c,  slight 
burning  pain  through  urethra  to  its  orifice,  as  if  a  drop  of  acrid  urine 
wanted  to  come  out.  On  3rd  d.,  immediately  on  rising,  violent  colicky 
pains  so  that  he  must  cry  out  loud,  followed  by  very  copious  diarrhoea  ; 
this  recurred  at  9  a.m.,  with  great  weakness  and  prostration,  then 
nausea,  and  cramp  in  calf  ^  in  afternoon  again  diarrhoea.  Eyes  were 
I  sunken,  with  blue  rings,  pulse  60,  gullet  dry,  breathing  tightened.  At 
2  p.m.  pain  in  chest,  like  sore  shooting,  extending  backwards  to  between 
scapuljc  ;  after  dinner  immediately  rumbling  in  belly  \  in  e,  taste  in 
mouth  like  sorrel,  feet  cold.  During  day  constant  dry  cough  on  active 
exertion,  with  {in  c,)  anxiety  and  tightness,  and  in  r,  middle  finger  a 
penetrating,  burning  shooting  pain,  deep  inside,  most  in  last  phalanx, 
like  gout  ;  at  n.  undisturbed  long  sleep,  quite  unusual,  with  profuse 
night  sweat  ;  the  wet  nightshirt  on  waking  feels  disagreeably  cold  to 
him.  On  4th  day,  after  coffee  for  breakfast  rumbling  in  belly,  espe- 
cially 1.  side,  then  diarrhcea,  and  later  nausea  \  at  n.  much  discharge  of 
flatus  and  rumbling.  On  5th  d.  nothing  noted.  On  6th  firm  stool 
with  much  mucus  and  some  blood  9  at  lu  violent  burning  when  urinat- 
ing, urine  passing  by  drops.  On  7th  d.  after  exerting  head  severe  pain 
there,  especially  in  forehead,  with  confusion  ;  at  n.  cutting  pains  in 
hollow  molars*     On  8th  d,,  e.,  severe  pains  in  teeth>  and  gums  are 

•  The  above  is  described  as  "  out  of  Ncidhard*s  day-book,"  This  physician*! 
tymptoms,  however,  as  derailed  in  his  schema  in  the  Materia  Medica  qf  Amerusm 
^rtfo^iA^^,  are  more  numerous  than  those  here  given,  and  only  in  tht  tickling  cough  do 
tlicy  coincide  with  them.     Wc  have,  therefore,  reported  the  others  in  their  own  place. 


so 


ACIDUM  OXALICUM. 


painful  on  various  spoU,  as  If  vesicles  were  there  j  from  qA  to  Ijtii 
buming  in  gum  of  K  lower  incisor  with  pustules,  surrounded  by  bright 
red  areola  aiid  swelling. 

k.  On  another  occasion,  took  gr.  4*  In  4  h.  general  maLatse, 
feeling  as  if  hands  and  feet  trembled.  Next  day,  I  h*  after  coffee  at 
breakfast,  quite  sour  eructation,  and  violent  dry  cough  from  tickling  in 
throat,  with  severe  pains  in  chest,  lasting  some  time;  nausea  after 
eating  during  day,  and  no  action  of  bowels.  On  3rd  d«  thin  cljijc]r| 
stool  in  m.,  and  cutting  in  abdomen  later* 

r»  Another  time  took  repeated  doses  of  a  solution.  Stool  was 
pappy  and  tenacious,  requiring  longer  and  stronger  straining  than  usual  s 
absent  next  day  ^  and  for  3 — ^4  weeks  bowels  continued  irregular^ 
seldom  acting  ofiencr  than  every  3rd  d. 

d.  On  another  occasion ^  in  m*  on  rising  a  vesicle  in  r,  nostril^ 
shooting  and  burning  when  touched  ;  alae  nasi  swollen,  now  r.,  now  U 
most  so.  This  recurred  every  2nd  or  3rd  d.  for  2  weeks.  On  ittti 
d.  nose  was  very  painful,  shooting  and  burning,  swollen  and  shiny  red. 
No  stool  on  12th  and  13th  d.     [Ibid.) 

6.  A  man  proved  acid  in  doses  of  gr,  | — 5  under  Dr*  Koch's 
superintendence.  No  symptoms  till  3rd  J,,  when  he  had  vertigo  in  oi., 
with  lassitude  and  thirst ;  after  rising,  toes  of  r*  foot  spasmodically 
drawn  downwards,  without  pain  ;  this  repeated  at  noon,  after  sitting 
for  some  time  ;  in  e.,  empty  deglutition  painful  i  before  going  to  sleep^ 
rough  voice*  On  4th  d.,  heat  in  face  and  hands  i  pale  ^e,  with 
sunken  eyes ;  nausea  and  want  of  appetite  \  three  watery  stools  | 
muscles  of  upper  arm  pain  as  if  beaten  \  in  e.,  pain  tn  swallowing 
food.  On  5th  d.^  complexion  yellowish  pale,  eyes  sunken  ;  inflametl 
buccal  cavity;  pulse  105,  hard  and  quick,  at  noon;  all  day  chilliness, 
with  heat  on  slight  exertion  ;  in  forenoon,  after  breakfast,  three  thin 
clayey  diarrhocic  stools  in  \  h.  ;  three  more  at  noon  ;  at  8  p,m»  another^ 
firmer,  with  some  pressure  towards  anus  ;  in  c,,  after  some  wine> 
violent  pulsating  headache.  Next  d.  from  rising  till  noon  three  stools, 
but  firmer,  and 'without  urging;  violent  pain  on  swallowing  in  m.^ 
better  at  noon*  On  7th  and  8th  d.  some  scraping  in  throat ;  on  former 
pulse  78  and  small.     [Ibid,) 

7.  Another  man  took  unknown  quantities.  On  3rd  d,  pressure  in 
forehead  on  rising  ;  during  dinner,  nausea,  thought  he  must  vomit,  but 
did  not  ;  in  e,,  pain  in  hollow  tooth.  At  other  times,  mucus  in  mouth 
and  spitting,  with  clean  tongue  ;  violent  shooting  in  whole  abdomen, 
extending  to  region  of  spleen,  then  impelled  to  deep  breathing,  after 
which  it  went  off;  pulse  somewhat  frequent,  m.  On  4th  d,,  heaviness 
in  1,  hand,  fingers  obey  will  only  heavily  and  slowly,  and  draw  inwards. 
On  4th  and  5th  d.  on  rising,  rough,  scrapy  throat,  can  only  speak  with 
effort  ;  in  e.,  sour  taste  in  whole  mouth  as  if  drug  were  still  there. 
{Ib'ul) 

8.  A  woman  ;  as  last.  On  3rd  d.,  severe  lateral  headache,  a  cut- 
ting from  r.  side  of  forehead  to  mastoid  process  ;  anxiety  and  dread, 
with  vertigo  ;  trembling  of  whole  body,  with  exhaustion.  Same  sym- 
ptoms next  d.,  so  bad  that  she  could  scarcely  walk  ;  headache  causes 
closure  of  eyes  ;  at  5  a,m.  was  waked  bv  cutting  in  abdomen,  which 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM. 


SI 


i  recurs  periodically  all  day,  with  alternate  chill  and  heat ;  pulse  rather 
small ;  thirst,  with  nausea,  tastelessness  of  food,  and  white-coated 
tongue  ;  in  e.,  constant  yawning,  with  flow  of  water  into  mouth  and 
flat  taste  there,  followed  by  violent  ngor  with  small  contracted  pulse, 
red  face,  feeling  of  heat  in  head  without  actual  warmth  there,  and  icy- 
cold  hands  as  if  dead.  Next  m*,8ame  cutting  in  abdomen,  with  nausea, 
{Ibid). 

9.  Dr.  S,  R*  Dubs,  aet.  33,  sanguine  temperament ;  disposed  to 
stomach  and  bowel  disorder,  took  February  16th,  1845,  3  gr.  Ix  trit.  at 
10  p.m.  At  II  sharp  shooting  pain  in  r.  shouJder-joint,  coming  on  sud- 
denly, and  lasting  about  15  m.  Slept  very  little  through  n.,  and  when 
he  did  had  constant  dreams  with  starting,  and  then  waking  up  with 
,  fright.  The  dreams  w^rt  of  an  unpleasant  character.  Sharp  pains  m 
forehead  and  vertex,  with  feeling  of  lightness.  Pain  was  more  acute 
over  1.  eye  and  in  1.  temple.  Several  times  raised  himself  up  in  bed  m 
alarm,  and  looked  around  room;  but  on  recollecting  where  he  was,  lay 
down  again,  to  repeat  same  action  in  an  h.  or  so  after,  17th,  7  a.m., 
dull  pain  and  muddled  feeling  in  forehead.  Hawking  up  of  thick, 
yellowish-white  phlegm  with  a  black  lump  in  the  centre  the  size  of  a 
pea,  8*30  a.m.  Took  same  dose.  Dull  pain,  with  occasional  sharp 
pains  in  forehead.  Great  increase  of  animation  through  the  day  with 
playfulness  and  mirth  fulness,  which  had  not  of  late  years  been  natural 
to  him*  Soreness  of  fauces  on  swallowing  for  about  2  h.  this  morning, 
after  which  it  gradually  passed  off.  Dull  aching  pains  of  molar  teeth 
of  r.  and  1.  upper  jaw  j  worse  in  r.  Lasted  nearly  all  day,  but  passed 
away  towards  e*  Bowels  opened  at  9  a.m.  and  again  at  4  p.m.  Slight 
colic  pain  in  and  around  the  umbilicus,  just  before  afternoon  evacuation. 
Natural  in  every  other  respect.  Tongue  dry,  sore,  and  excoriated, 
worse  towards  tip ;  continued  so  all  d.  and  e.  No  thirst  and 
rather  a  repugnance  to  water.  1 8th,  8  a.m.,  took  same  dose. 
Observed  no  particular  symptoms  in  course  of  m.  4.30  p.m.  Took  5 
gr.  Ix  trit.  In  15  m,  felt  dull  pain  in  first  molar  tooth  off,  upper  jaw, 
which  is  very  distressing.  Had  now  flushes  of  heat  and  perspiration  all 
over  the  body,  which  he  also  had  in  m.  and  yesterday,  but  omitted  to 
note  it  down.  5  p.m.  Pain  like  a  cramp,  a  little  to  1.  of  umbilicus, 
and  several  m.  after  colic-like  pain  in  the  r,  iliac  region.  Belching  up 
of  tasteless  wind  several  times.  Great  disposition  for  play  and  mischief. 
Increase  of  pain  in  the  r.  molar  tooth.  5  to  9  p.m.  Disposition  to 
pass  water  every  two  hours  and  in  large  quantities.  Uneasiness  in 
limbs  and  feet,  which  he  can  keep  quiet  for  only  a  few  m,  at  a  time* 
9  p.m.  Distressed  feeling  around  navel  and  through  whole  abdomen, 
with  feeling  of  great  debility  therein.  10  pm.  Dnll  aching  pains  in 
abdomen,  worse  around  umbilicus  *,  occasionally  aching  pains  in  whole 
abdomen  like  colic,  11.30*  Sharp  and  constant  pain  in  1.  iliac  region. 
Great  increase  of  sexual  desire  thiough  n.  and  In  m.,  with  voluptuous 
dreams.  This  has  been  the  effect  the  past  three  nights  and  mornings,  the 
16th,  17th,  and  1 8th  February.  19th,  8  a.m.,  took  5  gr.  Had  flushes  of 
heat  and  perspirations  through  the  morning,  with  sharp  pains  iji  fore- 
head and  vertex,  which  annoyed  him  very  little  as  his  spirits  were  so 
much  elated.     4  p,m.     Took  5  gr,  more.     10.  Distressed  feeling  and 


i 


52  ACIDUM  OXALICUM. 

great  weakness  in  whole  abdomen  with  flatulent  colic.  Aching  pain 
in  r.  ankle-joint,  with  feeling  of  swcHii^  of  this  part  and  of  whcue  r. 
foot.  Sexual  excitement  still.  20th. — Great  flatulency  the  whole  day 
with  expulsion  downwards  of  much  wind.  Swelling  of  abdomen,  with 
dull  colic-like  pains  occasionally  in  and  around  umbilicus,  though  worse 
in  r.  iliac  region.  Itching  at  anus  with  crawling  sensation  as  if  from 
worms,  which  was  relieved  by  rubbing  parts  for  several  m.  It,  how- 
ever, returned  several  times  through  n.  9  p.m.  Sharp,  shooting 
pain  in  1.  lung  and  heart,  extending  down  to  epigastrium,  lasting  for 
some  seconds.  Sharp,  shooting  pain,  like  neuralgia,  on  instep  of  r. 
foot,  lasting  for  A  h.  at  intervals.  Inclination  to  pass  water  every  h., 
and  in  large  quantities  each  time.  Slight  burning  in  passing  the  urine. 
It  is  clear  and  of  a  straw  colour.  21st,  afternoon,  stitches  several 
times  in  I.  lung.  Eructation  of  wind  (tasteless)  after  each  meal. 
8  p.m.  Sharp  pain  in  r.  instep  lasting  5  m.  Profuse  flow  of  light- 
coloured  urine  frequently  through  e.  Pain,  colic-like,  around 
umbilicus  and  in  r.  iliac  region.  It  came  and  went  oflF  frequently. 
Weakness  in  loins  and  hips  extending  down  to  lower  extremities. 
Continual  dull  pain  in  forehead  and  vertex.  At  n.  and  in  m.  exces- 
sive sexual  desire,  more  so  than  he  had  experienced  for  some  months 
previously.  22nd. — No  symptoms  sufficiently  characteristic  to  note, 
23rd. — Belching  up  of  tasteless  wind  after  each  meal.  Colic-like  pains  in 
and  around  the  navel.  E.,  belching  up  of  wind  tasting  of  food  eaten. 
Sharp  pain  in  r.  ankle-joint.  Sharp,  lancinating  pain  in  1.  lung  coming 
on  so  suddenly  that  it  took  his  breath  for  several  seconds,  and  then 
gradually  subsided.  24th,  5.30  a.m.,  felt  perfectly  well  as  he  lay  awake 
m  bed.  At  6  was  suddenly  seized  with  distressing  feeling  in  whole 
abdomen,  followed  in  several  m.  by  twisting  (tormina)  in  and  around 
the  umbilicus.  After  this  had  continued  a  few  m.,  was  compelled  to 
resort  to  the  close  stool.  The  faeces  were  hard,  of  a  dark  brown  colour, 
and  small  in  quantity.  Again  retired  to  bed  ;  but  at  6.15  pain  and 
bearing  down  came  on  so  violently  that  it  caused  him  to  use  the 
chamber.  The  evacuation  now  was  loose,  though  consistent,  and  of  a 
muddy  brown  colour,  accompanied  by  colic  pains  in  navel  and  below 
this  part,  bearing-down  and  griping  pains  in  anus.  The  latter  were 
so  severe  as  to  produce  severe  nervous  pains  through  whole  head  with 
heat  in  this  organ.  Retired  to  bed  ;  but  in  about  5  m.  was  compelled 
to  get  up  again.  Severe  colic  pains  in  navel  preceded.  When  on  the 
chamber,  bearing  down  towards  anus,  with  tormina  and  severe  griping 
pains.  Now  copious  evacuation  of  consistent,  dark  muddy-brown 
fieces.  Went  again  to  bed  ;  but  so  soon  as  he  had  resumed  the 
horizontal  posture  peculiar  pain  in  navel  again  came  on.  Had  some 
tormina  nearly  all  day.  Much  better  whilst  up,  and  still  better  when 
moving  about  in  the  open  air.  The  inclination  to  go  to  stool  Mrould 
invariably  come  on  whilst  sitting  or  reclining  for  a  few  m.  Two  doses 
of  mere,  solub.  2  were  taken  in  course  of  day  ;  otherwise  he  would  have 
been  unable  to  attend  to  his  daily  professional  duties.  In  e.  he  was  per- 
fectly well.     {Materia  Medico  of  American  Provings.)* 

*  We  are  indebted  to  Dr,  Neidbard  for  the  original  of  this  proving.— Eds. 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM. 


S3 


10,  Dr.  Floto  took  one  dose  of  Ix,  ant!  experienced  rollowiog  ^mipiomn  t — 
Soon  after  taking  it  pain  on  vertex;  emptiness  in  head,  sensation  ot  taintnt*ss,  as  if 
all  blood  bad  left  bratn,  with  anxiety.  On  walking  in  open  air,  had  watery  mnning 
from  nose,  with  sneezing;  tickling  in  larynx,  with  scn&ation  of  sticking,  several 
coughs  are  induced,  larynx  feels  swelled ;  stitches  in  L  breast  $  difficult  breaching, 
with  constrictive  pain  in  larynx  and  wheezing,  opprewion  of  chest  towards  r.  side. 
Had  also  drawing  pain  with  rigidity  near  angle  of  lower  jaw,  first  in  1.  then  in 
r.  >iide,  l^ut  longer  in  1,  Being  awakened  by  noi&e  In  n.,  could  not  go  to  sleep  again 
for  i  h.     (Bid) 

11,  Dr,  Kitchen  took  one  dose  each  of  Ix  and  ix,  Nervous  and  vascular 
excitement,  as  from  alcohol,  constituting  a  feeling  of  hilarity ;  pulse  one  third  more 
frequent  than  usual,  and  tenne.  After  lying  down  in  bed  twitchings  in  L  deltoid 
miisclC|  and  in  a  few  in.  one  in  r.  Tensive  pain  in  fleshy  part  of  L  thumbs  with 
numbness  and  sensation  of  swelling,  lasting  about  J  h.  (jo  m.).  A  feeling  as  after 
a  debauch  the  previous  night ;  dull  headache,  with  a  gnawing,  tensive  pain,  and  sore- 
ness in  eyes  and  superciliary  regions^  lassitude,  disinclination  to  occupation,  readings 
&Cv^  and  inclination  to  stretch,  with  occasional  yawning.  Relief  by  walking  in  the 
cool  open  air  (i  d,  atter  ix).     {Ihid,} 

13.  Dr«  Neidhard  took  Ix  and  ix  trits.  Seems  in  its  prlinary  action  to 
diminish  the  power  of  concentrating  his  idcasj  and  afterwards  to  increase  it.  Greater 
presence  of  mind  i  the  relations  ot  the  world  seem  to  be  clearer  to  him,  He  feels 
more  composed  than  usual,  and  very  much  exhilarated.  Great  cheerfulne^s  of  mind, 
quicker  in  thought  and  action.  Whole  forenoon  unusual  vivacity  and  power  of 
concentration,  which  is  still  more  decided  in  afternoon.  Giddiness  the  whole  d. 
Fulness  in  forehead  above  eyes.  Pain  in  1.  temple^  extending  as  tar  as  Lower  jaw 
(li  h,).  Jerking  in  I,  temple.  Augments  in  ist  h,  secretion  of  mucus  from  throat. 
Shght  sickness  of  stomach.  Qualmii»hiicss  ot  stomachy  with  sickness  (6  h,),  with  sen- 
sation of  grasping  in  stomachy  very  transient  (in  a  few  seconds).  Slight  gnawing 
burning  in  stomach,  and  eructations  (ij  b*).  Pressure  in  stomach  (in  a  few 
minute?).  Wakes  up  at  night  with  most  violent  pressive  pain,  like  a  heavy  weight 
in  pit  of  stomach  ;  it  comes  and  goes  at  intervals  of  15  m.»  but  diminishes  in  force  at 
cacn  renewal.  It  lasts  altogether  about  z  b.  Discharge  of  flatulency  relieves  pain 
(from  5  drops  of  oxalic  ether  taken  in  m.).  In  c.  after  tea  pyrosis,  with  much 
emission  of  flatulency  and  pressing  downwards.  Every  e.  pyrosis.  Loss  of  appetite. 
Unu-iual  thirst  at  3  a.m.  (a  d.).  Dull  aching  pain  in  r.  side  of  abdomen,  whole 
afternoon,  on  a  small  spot.  Pain  round  navel  like  colic,  repeatedly,  but  always  alter 
symptoms  in  head.  Sensation  of  soreness  in  abdomen.  For  \  h.  after  retiring 
continued  pain  in  L  hypochondrium.  Pain  between  hypochondrium  and  navel,  on 
I.  side,  like  a  development  of  flatulency  (i  h.).  On  sitting  do%vn  after  a  walk> 
violent  effort  to  discharge  tl at ulenc)'  (as  from  small  spot  on  1.  iliac  region),  with  sensa- 
tion as  if  part  would  burst.  Pain  in  region  of  navel,  with  painful  pressing  down 
towards  anus,  and  flatulency.  Pain  in  region  of  navel,  with  emission  of  flatulency  in 
n.     Whole  e.  rumbling  in   bowels  with   pressing  downwards.     Twice  passage  of 

^  bowels  during  day.  In  e.  slight  pain  in  region  of^.  kidney.  Urging  to  pass  water, 
(rith  copious  discharge  j    water  is  of  a  lighter  colour  than  usual.     Excitement  ot 

^sexual  function,  repeatedly.  Sensation  of  contusion  in  both  testicles.  During 
walking  in  e.  pretty  severe  pain  and  heaviness  in  both  testicles,  shooting  along  sper- 
matic cords  J  worse  on  r.  side.  Jerking  in  testicles  and  spermatic  cord.  Slight 
cough,  from  tickling  in  larynx  and  trachea;  also  sensation  of  soreness  in  larynx. 
Immediately  after  lymg  down  in  bed  at  n,,  palpitation  of  heart  for  J  h.  3  n.  consecu- 
tively.    Sensation  of  numbness  in  sacrum.     Slight  lameness  and  stiffness  in  lower 

Pcxtremities.  Itching  on  neck.  On  a  spot  on  r.  index  finger,  where  a  cut  frum  a 
penknife  had  healed  4  d.  ago,  a  very  painful  pustule  appears  (2nd).  Continual  and 
vivid  dreams,  always  of  a  frightful  nature;  wakes  up  often  and  dreams  constantly. 
Sleep  very  restless,  but  without  dreams  {^nd  d.).  After  dinner,  sleepiness,  and 
profound  sleep  while  in  the  sitting  position.  He  is  more  inclined  to  sleep  at  n.  than 
usual.  Creeping  of  cold,  particularly  from  lower  parr  of  spine  upwards.  In  e.^ 
after  tea,  sneezing,  with  chilliness.  General  sensation  of  heat.  Pulse  increased  in 
frequency,  100  to  108.  General  excitement  in  e.  Symptoms  seem  to  be  excited 
and  aggravated  by  movement,  as  pains  in  bowels,  testicles,  kidney,  back,  SiC, 
Oxalic  acid  has  a  decided  action  on  jointx:   ankle,  knees,  hip,  wrist,  shoulders* 


5* 


ACIDUM  OXALICUM. 


Evtrcmff  Isnieude  of  bod^.    8| uiptamii  of  tnoMt  aciil  oee^demRf  hi&mk  Bir  t 

h.  or  31  d.i  aoil  then  irtum  in  a  dtrntnished  degree.  Sotne,  who  irc  genenlty  micli 
affected  by  rold  vvcather,  appear  hertrr  able  to  bear  it.     (/^i^) 

t^  Mr.  E.  Smith  tr>nk  one  doK  ot  la.  Dull  headache  on  tMtex,  Briifigw  i 
m  forehead  and  vertex  (in  m.  after  taking  acid  in  e.>,  Erurtaticms  and  praage  o^  J 
flatulency  da^rnwardi.      Flatulent  colic,   like  i%  if  He   had   eaten  iini  <M1 

waking  up  at  o„  below  navel,  which  h  increased  by  movement  aitci  j^  | 

|)ain  mnrtini^he^  during  reit  and  return*  periodically  (n,  after  taking  it^.  ^  in  iii«, 
after  breakfktff  on  walking  abittii^  Hime  pain  returns  y  get&  better  about  f,  ami  di*« 
appcan  entirely  :tt  is.     Scnuition  of  M>fcnei»  on  touching,  alt  fr^und  oaveL     {JktJ.) 

14.  Dr  WiLUAUsOtt  took  latiif  in  e.  Unii<^ual  power  of  coocyiHflttOP  of 
mind.  Hilarity  and  chcerfulne**.  Pain  along  have  ot  occipit^  bon«.  rcttifnifig 
wveral  timc%  during  fir*t  a  d.  Pain  in  both  orbit*,  but  wor^c  in  L  A  itickl&g 
pain  m  I,  bypochondriuin  (j  HX  Pain  in  dcMTiiding  colon,  foUowed  by  ffee  rvarn- 
tion  of  tnuthy  %tool  in  e.  (1  h.).  Similar  pain  returned  the  tecond  e* 
discharge  of  urine  at  5  a.m*  after  taking  it.  Sticking  pain  tii  f.  hip.joict*  i 
»orenest  around  neck|  u  if  chafed  by  coUar*    {itfid*) 

15.  a.  Dr  Sharp*  at  7*5  pm.,  pubc  72,  took  gr»  -,V»  in  10  ni  of 
water  At  7.10  pulse  was  76*  soon  fell  to  70.  Soon  after  8, 
giddiness  and  a  little  nausea  ^  a  loose  motion » with  a  litde  griping.  At 
J  0.30  pulse  w^$  60. 

h.  At  11.50  a.m*,  pulse  82*  took  gr*  -^  in  too  ni  of  water* 
Pulse  in  5  m.  rose  to  86,  then  fell  to  80*  After  going  to  bed  that  n. 
heart  made  its  beatings  sensible  in  an  unusual  manner,  and  attracted 
attention*    Next  d.  btiwels  moved  3  times^  relaxed^  which  is  also  unusual. 

f .  Took  two  doses  of  gr*  j^^^.  After  first  pulse  fell  from  72  to  68  § 
but  second  reduced  it  no  farther,     (Essays  on  Mediciniy  p,  787*) 

II,  Poisonings, —  I.  J.  Phillips,  act.  57^  muscular  and  robust,  at 
8  a.m.  swallowed  by  mistake  ."^ss  of  acid  in  teacupful  of  water.  Vomited 
after  drinking  warm  water,  but  not  subsequently,  in  spite  of  emetica, 
&c.  When  seen  at  9  complained  of  excruciating  agony  in  lower  part 
of  back,  extending  down  thighs  j  body  extremely  cold  and  clammy 
with  sweat  ;  skin  of  arms,  chest,  and  face  mottled  i  pulse  very  feeble 
and  contracted  ^  no  pain  in  throat  or  abdomen,  even  when  latter  (which 
was  distended)  was  pressed  upon  ;  muscular  prostration  very  great  i 
complained  of  weight  and  powerlessness  of  limbs  ;  restlessness  extreme^ 
requiring  frequent  change  of  posture ;  respirations  natural ;  perfect 
consciousness  and  unaltered  expression.  During  forenoon,  constant 
involuntary  discharge  of  fluid  matter  from  intestines.  At  3  p.m.,  patti 
in  back  and  thighs  continuing  unabated,  he  had  also  some  little  pain  m 
abdomen,  slightly  increased  on  pressure ;  had  recently  vomited  a  pint 
of  thick  black  fluid  i  pulse  still  more  feeble.  At  7  p,m,,  pain  in 
abdomen  increased  to  utmost ;  could  not  bear  slightest  pressure ;  had 
had  several  copious  alvine  evacuations,  consisting  of  a  thick  black 
offensive  fluid,  in  which  were  seen  a  number  of  bloody  shreds  i  pulse 
imperceptible  ;  respiration  oppressed  ;  countenance  exhibited  great 
anxiety  ;  was  sensible,  and  complained  of  having  lost  his  sight:  in  this 
state  he  continued  till  9  p*m,,  when  he  died.  RAl,  10  h.  after  death* 
Upper  part  of  body  much  discoloured  ;  abdomen  tumid.     On  opening 

Jeritoneum,   great   distension   and    discoloration    of  small    intestine^ 
lucous  membrane  of  pharynx  and  oesophagus  as  if  scalded  ;  villous 
coat  of  stomach  pulpy,  in  some  places  of  black  colour,  in  others  highly 


ACIDUM  OXALICUM. 


S$ 


injected*     Mucous  lining  and  peritoneal  coat  of  small  intestines  much 

inflamed.  Pelves  of  kidneys  considerably  more  vascular  than  ordinarily^ 
and  this  extended  a  little  way  through  ureter.  Mucous  membrane  of 
larynx  and  trachea,  and  lungs  themselves^  intensely  inflamed*  [Hebb, 
L/>nd.  Med,  Ripository,  N,S.,  ii,  475.) 

2.  Dr.  Arrowsmith,  of  Coventry,  observed  a  case  which  lived 
13  h.  after  an  unknown  quantity  of  the  acid.  He  complained  more  of 
pain  shooting  down  from  loins  to  limbs  than  of  pain  in  belly  ;  and  had 
an  eruption  of  mottled  appearance  on  the  skin  in  circular  patches  of  a 
deep  tint  of  redness.     (Christison,  op,  at*) 

3.  Feb*  ist^  1825,  at  7  p.m.,  Charlotte  Walker,  T2,  drank  a  wine- 
glassful  of  a  solution  of  oxalic  acid  (strength  gj  to  3j  water  =  5ij  of 
oxalic  acid).  Immediately  acrid  burning  in  mouth,  gullet,  and 
stomach.  Complained  when  seen  (very  soon)  of  pain  in  stomach  and 
belly ;  appeared  greatly  alarmed  j  pulse  quick,  not  strong.  Got 
ipecacuanha  wine  and  tartar  emetic,  without  result.  Irritation  of 
fauces  with  finger  caused  vomiting.  This  relieved  the  pain.  She  got 
carbonate  of  lime  as  an  antidote.  Put  to  bed  she  fell  asleep  for  z  h. 
On  awaking  complained  of  lassitude  and  feebleness,  particularly  of 
lower  extremities.  Next  morning,  numbness  and  weakness  of  back 
and  lower  extremities,  making  it  difficult  to  go  upstairs.  This  gradually 
went  off  and  she  quite  recovered,  (Scott,  Edin.  Med,  and  Surg^ 
Journ.y  xxiv,  67.) 

4.  A  man  swallowed  at  7.50  a,m.  3ss  of  ox.  ac.  in  solution  by 
mistake  for  Cheltenham  salts.  Great  irritation  of  fauces  and  stomach 
succeeded.  Drinking  water,  and  taking  4  gr,  of  tartar  emetic,  caused 
vomiting,  but  no  alleviation  ;  diluted  ammonia  aggravated,  but  mag- 
nesia greatly  relieved,  burning  distress.  Pain,  spasms,  and  vomitings 
(with  blood),  occurred  from  time  to  time;  respiration  was  impeded; 
general  numbness  complained  ofj  clammy  moisture  bedewed  whole 
frame  ;  pulse  scarcely  perceptible  i  extremities  cold,  nails  livid  ;  general 
agitation  and  loss  of  strength.  By  noon,  reaction  had  taken  place,  and 
became  pyrexial  j  pulse  96  and  firm.  Diaphoresis  followed,  with  pulse 
at  120  and  small  ;  in  e.  100.  Tingling  felt  at  tips  of  fingers.  Early 
in  m.  retching,  spasms  and  hiccup  set  in, — last  continuing  several  d., 
also  numbness  in  1.  arm.  On  3rd  d.  face  swollen,  voice  hoarse,  general 
anxiety.  Till  7th  d*  seemed  improving  much  i  hiccup  then  increased 
and  emaciation  set  in  j  tongue  patchy ;  complained  of  acidity  ;  in- 
clined to  doze,  and  occasionally  had  hallucinations.  C>n  nth  d.  an 
eruption,  papular  and  itchy,  appeared  all  over  body,  which  it  reddened. 
Debility  and  emaciation  increased  i  nothing  but  the  blandest  articles 
could  be  taken  i  and  he  died  on  13th  d.  P.M. — Found  complete 
destruction  of  villoys  coat  of  stomach,     (Fraser,  Ih'td.^  xiv,  606.} 

5.  A  midd]e*aged  shoemaker,  a  hard  drinker,  took  J  oz.  of  acid  in 
crystals.  Prepared  chalk  was  given  freely.  Symptoms  were  :  severe 
burning  sensation  in  mouth  and  throat  with  great  thirst  and  difficulty  of 
swallowing;  excruciating  pain  in  epigastrium  and  cold,  clammy  per- 
spiration ;  numbness  and  tingling  in  extremities,  legs  drawn  up  towards 
abdomen  ;  pulse  but  just  perceptible  ;  breathing  slightly  spasmodic  ^ 
catures  anxious  and  pallid.     8  p.m.  (9  h,  after  first  visit).     Hot  feeling 


56  ACIDUM   OXALICUM. 

in  throat  and  tingling  of  extremities  continued.  A  new  tymptom  pre- 
sented itself,  viz.  alteration  of  voice.  The  man,  previous  to  taking  the 
poison,  possessed  a  remarkably  deep  bass  voice  ;  it  was  now  reduced  to 
a  very  low  key,  giving  one  the  idea  of  a  person  talking  in  an  undertone. 
This  symptom  remained  for  more  than  a  month  without  any  ameliora- 
tion, during  the  greater  part  of  which  period  his  legs  used  for  several 
hours  a  day  ^^  to  go  to  sleep,"  as  he  termed  it.  Nine  weeks  from  time 
of  taking  acid  his  voice,  though  stronger,  was  still  '^a  complete  old 
man's  voice."*     (Bradley,  Med.  Times^  xxii,  293.) 

6.  A  woman  took  3iij  in  about  ^iij  of  water  ;  the  greater  part  was 
evacuated  within  15  m.  by  means  of  stomach-pump.  Subsequently 
there  were  convulsions,  spastic  contractions  of  muscles  of  jaws  and 
extremities,  forcible  closure  of  mouth  and  drawing  down  of  its  angles; 
dilated  alfff  nasi,  corrugated  eyebrows,  twitching  of  facial  muscles  and 
insensibility.  Great  cerebral  excitement  afterwards  occurred,  accom- 
panied bv  dry  coldness  of  surface  and  imperceptible  pulse  ;  symptoms 
less  marked  during  intermission  of  tetanic  spasms  ;  spasmodic  symptoms 
declined  in  3  h.  from  taking  poison.     (Bourne,  Lancet,  1851,  i,  320.) 

7.  A  man  took  477  grains  dissolved  in  5  oz.  oi  water.  Besides 
usual  symptoms,  face  was  tumid  and  ot  livid  complexion,  urine  su|h 
pressed  entirely,  no  stool  (even  after  enema).  Vomits  grass-green  fluid. 
4th  d. — Pulse  132,  full  and  hard  ;  tongue  has  thin  brown  coat  and  red 
dry  tip ;  very  thirsty ;  no  pain,  but  still  distressed  and  anxious  s 
vomiting  diminished.  5th  d. — Pulse  122,  full,  hard,  and  inter- 
mittent ;  tongue  covered  with  brown  coat,  red  at  tip  and  dry ;  is  veiy 
thirsty;  passed  urine  twice  in  night.  6th  d. — Pulse  lOO,  full,  not 
hard  ;  vomits  less  ;  is  delirious  at  times  ;  tongue  covered  with  bright 
yellow  coat ;  passes  urine  ;  skin  of  face,  head,  chest  and  nates  covered 
with  red  spots  or  petechia?,  appearing  as  if  bespattered  with  blood.  7th 
d. — Pulse  104,  hard;  tongue  covered  with  brown  coat,  tip  red 
and  dry;  no  pain,  but  still  distressed;  vomits  less  frequently;  feels 
sinking  sensation  at  stomach.  loth  d. — Evidently  smking  ;  race  hip* 
pocratic ;  pulse  almost  insensible  to  touch,  very  weak ;  delirium  and 
stupor ;  bladder  distended  with  urine,  but  cannot  pass  it ;  does  not 
vomit,  although  he  has  a  desire  to  do  so ;  petechise  still  visible.  Died 
quietly  at  9  p.m.     (Jackson,  Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Joum.^  xxx,  17.) 

8.  A  robust  man^  set.  40,  took  a  quarter  of  a  teaspoonful  of  ^ssdts 
of  lemon  "  (binoxalate  of  potash).  Two  h.  afterwards  was  attacked  by 
vomiting,  and  about  the  same  time  by  severe  pain  in  loins  and  feeling 
of  great  weakness  in  lower  extremities.  Six  d.  afterwards,  when  first 
seen  by  the  writer,  complained  of  lumbar  pain,  swimming  in  the  head, 
sensation  of  coldness  succeeded  by  burning  heat  in  chest  and  stomach, 
and  great  muscular  weakness.  Micturition  was  accompanied  by  sen- 
sation of  scalding.  Tongue  abnormally  red  and  irritable  looking. 
Three  days  later  says  he  has  suffered  from  spasmodic  contraction  of 
hands,  cramps  in  legs,  and  heaviness  and  pain  in  head.     Tongue  and 

*  "  In  a  case  related  by  Mr.  Edwards  to  the  Westminster  Med.  Society,  the 
patient,  a  female,  lost  her  voice  for  eight  days;  but  whether  this  depended  oq 
the  action  ot  the  oxalic  acid  she  had  taken^  or  not,  it  is  difficult  to  say.**  (TAYLOa, 
Poisons y  p.  149.) 


ACIDUM  OXALICUM. 


57 


fauces  still  red  and  irritated.     (Webb,  Altd^  Times  and  Gaz^y  '859,  ii, 

379) 

III*  Esfperiments  on  antmaif* — t.  a.  When  injected  in  a  state  of  con- 
centration into  the  stomach  of  a  dog  or  a  cat,  ox.  a,  causes  exquisite  pain, 
expressed  in  cries  and  struggh'ngs.  In  a  few  m.  this  is  succeeded  by 
violent  efforts  to  vomit,  then  by  sudden  dulness,  languor,  and  great 
debility,  and  death  soon  takes  place  without  a  struggle.  After  death 
stomach  is  found  to  contain  black,  extravasated  blood,  exactly  like 
blood  acted  on  by  the  acid  out  of  the  body  ;  inner  coat  of  stomach  is 
of  a  cherry- red  colour,  with  streaks  of  black,  granular,  warty  extrava- 
sation, and  in  some  places  surface  of  edit  is  very  brittle  and  subjacent 
stratum  gelatinized,  evidently  by  chemical  action  of  poison.  If  stomach 
is  examined  immediately  after  death  little  corrosion  will  be  found  com 
pared  with  what  is  seen  if  inspection  be  delayed  a  day  or  two. 

^.  When  considerably  diluted  phenomena  are  totally  different. 
When  dissolved  in  20  parts  of  water,  ox,  acid,  like  the  mineral  acids  in 
the  same  circumstances,  ceases  to  corrode,  nay  it  hardly  even  irritates  ; 
but,  unlike  them,  it  continues  a  deadly  poison,  tor  it  causes  death  by 
acting  on  the  brain,  spine,  and  heart.  The  symptoms  then  induced 
vary  with  the  dose.  When  the  quantity  is  large  the  most  prominent 
symptoms  arc  those  of  palsy  of  the  heart,  and  immediately  after  death 
that  organ  is  found  to  have  lost  its  contractility,  and  to  contain  arterial 
blood  in  its  L  cavities.  When  dose  is  less  animal  perishes  after  several 
fits  of  violent  tetanus,  which  afi^ects  respiratory  muscles  of  chest  \n  parti* 
mlar,  causing  spasmodic  fixing  of  muscles  of  chest  and  consequent  suffb- 
cation.  When  dose  is  still  less  spasms  are  slight  or  altogether  wanting, 
and  death  occurs  under  symptoms  ot  pure  narcotism  like  those  caused  by 
■bpium  :  animal  appears  to  sleep  away.     (Christisoi^,  op.  cii.) 

2.  The   first  unequivocal    sign   of  its  action   is  generally  a  slight 

permanent  stiffness  of  the  hind  legs,  and  increased  frequency  of  the 

bulse  ;  about  the  same  time  there  appears  a  slightly  sudden  check  in 

inspiration  from  the  respiratory  muscles  contracting  before  the  chest  is 

fully  expanded.     Gradually  several  of  them  come  together,  so  as  to 

•constitute  paroxysms  of  short  hurried  breathing  with  intervals  of  ease. 

■Meanwhile  the  stiffness  of  the  hind  legs  increases  ;  they  become  like« 

wise  insensible,  and  often  spasm  gives  place  to  paralysis  ;  the  animal 

jerks  the  head  occasionally  backwards,  walks  with  a  peculiar  stiif  gait, 

and  assumes  very  odd  postures  from  inability  to  regulate  the  motions  of 

the  limbs*     As  the  poisoning  advances,  the  motions  of  the  chest,  during 

the    paroxysms,   become   more  and  more  confined    by  spasms  of  the 

muscles,  and  at  last  there  is  a  period  towards  the  close  of  each  paroxysm 

when  the  spasm  is  so  great  as  completely  to  suspend  the  respiration. 

This  is  commonly  accompanied  with  more  or  less  extension  of  the  head, 

tail,   and  extremities,  sometimes  amounting  to  violent  opisthotonos, 

L7  he  insensibility,  hitherto  limited  to  the  hind  legs,  now  extends  to  the 

Rrunk   and    fbre   leg!^,   and   lastly   to  the   head.     As  the   insensibility 

increases    the    breathing    diminishes    in     frequency,    the    spasmodic 

paroxysms   become    more   obscure   and    then   cease   altogether.     For 

some  time,  however,  they  may   be  slightly   renewed  by  striking  the 

hack  and  limbs  j  but  at  last  the  animal  falls  into  a  state  of  deep,  pure 


$6 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM, 


in  throat  and  tinglirrg  of  extremities  continued,  A  new  symptom  pre- 
sented itself,  viz.  aluration  of  voice.  The  man,  previous  to  talcing  the 
poison,  possessed  a  remarkably  deep  bass  voice  ;  it  was  new  reduced  to 
a  very  low  key,  giving  one  the  idea  of  a  person  talking  in  an  undertone- 
This  symptom  remained  for  more  than  a  month  without  any  ameiiora- 
tion,  during  the  greater  part  of  which  period  his  legs  used  for  sevcraJ 
hours  a  day  **  to  go  to  sleep,'*  as  he  termed  it.  Nine  weeks  from  time 
of  taking  acid  his  voice,  though  stronger,  was  still  ''a  complete  old 
man^s  voice."*     (Bradley,  mtd.  Times^  xxii,  293,) 

6.  A  woman  took  3iij  in  about  3ii]  of  water  j  the  greater  part  was 
evacuated  within  15  m,  by  means  of  stomach-pump.  Subsequently 
there  were  convulsions,  spastic  contractions  of  muscles  of  jaws  and 
extremities,  forcible  closure  of  mouth  and  drawing  down  of  its  angles  ; 
dilated  al^  nasi^  corrugated  eyebrows,  twitching  of  facial  muscles  and 
insensibility.  Great  cerebral  excitement  afterwards  occurred,  accom- 
panied by  dry  coldness  of  surface  and  imperceptible  pulse  \  symptoms 
less  marked  during  intermission  of  tetanic  spasms  ;  spasmodic  symptoms 
declined  in  3  h.  from  taking  poison*     (Bourne,  Lancet^  i^S^t  h  3^9-) 

7.  A  man  took  477  grains  dissolved  in  5  oz.  oi  water.  Besides 
usual  symptoms,  face  was  tumid  and  o\  livid  complexion,  urine  sup- 
pressed entirely,  no  stool  (even  after  enema)*  Vomits  grass-green  fluid. 
4th  iL — Pulse  13a,  full  and  hard  ;  tongue  has  thin  brown  coat  and  red 
dry  tip;  very  thirsty;  no  pain,  but  still  distressed  and  anxious; 
vomiting  diminished.  5th  d* — Pulse  122,  full,  hard,  and  inter- 
mittent 5  tongue  covered  with  brown  coat,  ttd  at  tip  and  dry  ;  is  very 
thirsty  ;  passed  urine  twice  in  night.  6th  d. — Pulse  100,  full,  not 
hard  ;  vomits  less  ;  is  delirious  at  times  ;  tongue  covered  with  bright 
yelluw  coat ;  passes  urine  ;  skin  of  face^  head,  chest  and  nates  covered 
with  red  spots  or  petechise,  appearing  as  if  bespattered  with  blood,  7th 
d. —  Pulse  104,  hard  \  tongue  covered  with  brown  coat,  tip  red 
and  dry;  no  pain,  but  still  distressed^  vomits  less  frequently;  feels 
sinking  sensation  at  stomach.  loth  d, — Evidently  smking  ;  face  hi p- 
pocratic  i  pulse  almost  insensible  to  touch,  very  weak ;  delirium  and 
stupor  I  bladder  distended  with  urine,  but  cannot  pass  it ;  does  not 
vomit,  although  he  has  a  desire  to  do  so  ;  petechia?  still  visible.  Died 
quietly  at  9  p.m.     (Jackson,  Boston  Med.  and  Surg,  Journ.y  xxx,  17.) 

8.  A  robust  man,  set.  40,  took  a  quarter  of  a  teaspoonful  of  "salts 
of  lemon  **  (binoxalate  of  potash).  Two  h.  afterwards  was  attacked  by 
vomiting,  and  about  the  same  time  by  severe  pain  in  loins  and  feeling 
of  great  weakness  in  lower  extremities.  Six  d.  afterwards,  when  first 
seen  by  the  writer,  complained  of  lumbar  pain,  swimming  in  the  head, 
sensation  of  coldness  succeeded  by  burning  heat  in  chest  and  stomach, 
and  great  muscular  weakness.  Micturition  was  accompanied  by  sen- 
sation of  scalding.  Tongue  abnormally  red  and  irritable  looking. 
Three  days  later  says  he  has  suffered  from  spasmodic  contraction  of 
hands,  cramps  in  legs,  and  heaviness  and  pain  in  head.     Tongue  and 

•  *<In  a  case  related  by  Mr.  Edwards  to  the  Westminster  Med,  Society^  the 
pitient,  a  tcm^e,  lo\t  her  voice  for  eight  days ;  but  whether  this  depended  on 
the  Rction  ot  the  oscalic  acid  she  had  taken^  or  not,  k  is  difficult  to  say/*  (TayloHi 
PfdtoMi,  p.  149.) 


ACIDUM   OXALICUM. 


57 


fauces  still  red  and  irritated,     (Webb,  Med^  Times  and  Gaz^^  ^859,  ii, 

379-) 

III,  Experiments  on  animals, — i,  a.  When  injected  m  a  state  of  con- 
centration into  the  stomach  of  a  dog  or  a  cat,  ox.  a.  causes  exquisite  pain, 
expressed  in  cries  and  struggh^ngs.  In  a  few  m.  this  is  succeeded  by 
violent  efForts  to  vomits  then  by  sudden  dulness,  languor,  and  great 
debility,  and  death  soon  takes  place  without  a  struggle,  After  death 
stomach  is  found  to  contain  black,  cxtravasated  blood,  exactly  like 
blood  acted  on  by  the  acid  out  of  the  body  ;  inner  coat  of  stomach  is 
of  a  cherry-red  colour,  with  streaks  of  black,  granular,  warty  extrava- 
sation,  and  in  some  places  surface  of  colt  is  very  brittle  and  subjacent 
stratum  gelatinized,  evidently  by  chemical  action  of  poison.  If  stomach 
IS  examined  immediately  after  death  little  corrosion  will  be  found  com 
pared  with  what  is  seen  If  inspection  be  delayed  a  day  or  two. 

k  When  considerably  diluted  phenomena  are  totally  difFerent. 
When  dissolved  in  20  parts  of  water,  ox,  acid,  like  the  mineral  acids  in 
the  same  circumstances,  ceases  to  corrode,  nay  it  hardly  even  irritates  ; 
but,  unlike  them,  it  continues  a  deadly  poison,  for  it  causes  death  by 
acting  on  the  brain,  spine,  and  heart.  The  symptoms  then  induced 
vary  with  the  dose.  When  the  quantity  is  large  the  most  prominent 
symptoms  are  those  of  palsy  of  the  heart,  and  immediately  after  death 
that  organ  is  found  to  have  lost  its  contractility,  and  to  contain  arterial 
blood  in  its  1.  cavities.  When  dose  is  less  animal  perishes  after  several 
fits  of  violent  tetanus^  which  aftects  respiratory  muscles  of  chest  in  parti* 
cular,  causing  spasmodic  fixing  of  muscles  of  chest  and  consequent  suffo- 
cation. When  dose  is  still  less  spasms  are  slight  or  altogether  wanting^ 
and  death  occurs  under  symptoms  01  pure  narcotism  like  those  caused  by 
opium  :  animal  appears  to  sleep  away.     (Christison,  op,  cIl) 

2.  The  first  unequivocal  sign  of  its  action  is  generally  a  slight 
permanent  stiffness  of  the  hind  legs,  and  increased  frequency  of  the 
pulse  ;  about  the  same  time  there  appears  a  slightly  sudden  check  in 
inspiration  from  the  respiratory  muscles  contracting  before  the  chest  is 
fully  expanded.  Gradually  several  of  them  come  together,  so  as  to 
constitute  paroxysms  of  short  hurried  breathing  with  intervals  of  ease. 
Meanwhile  the  stiffness  of  the  hind  legs  increases  ,  they  become  like- 
wise insensible,  and  often  spasm  gives  place  to  paralysis  ;  the  animal 
jerks  the  head  occasionally  backwards,  walks  with  a  peculiar  stilF  gait, 
and  assumes  very  odd  postures  from  inability  to  regulate  the  motions  of 
the  limbs.  As  the  poisoning  advances,  the  motions  of  the  chest,  during 
the  paroxysms,  become  more  and  more  confined  by  spasms  of  the 
linuscles,  and  at  last  there  is  a  period  towards  the  close  of  each  paroxysm 
when  the  spasm  is  so  great  as  completely  to  suspend  the  respiration. 
This  is  commonly  accompanied  with  more  or  less  extension  of  the  head, 
tail,  and  extremities,  sometimes  amounting  to  violent  opisthotonos. 
The  insensibility,  hitherto  limited  to  the  hind  legs,  now  extends  to  the 
trunk  and  fore  legs,  and  lastly  to  the  head.  As  the  insensibility 
increases  the  breathing  diminishes  in  frequency,  the  spasmodic 
paroxysms  become  more  obscure  and  then  cease  altogether*  For 
some  time,  however,  they  may  be  slightly  renewed  by  striking  the 
back  and  limbs  ,  but  at  last  the  animal  falls  into  a  state  of  deep,  pure 


58  ACIDUM  OXALICUM, 

coma,  with  complete  relaxation  of  the  whole  body.  The  heart  can 
now  be  scarcely  felt ;  the  breathing  is  low,  regular,  and  short,  and 
becomes  gradually  more  obscure  till,  finally,  life  is  extinguished  widiotit 
a  struggle.  If  the  dose  be  larger  fits  of  spasm  come  on  earijr  and  with 
great  violence,  the  intervals  are  marked  by  remissions  onlv,  and  the 
animal  expires  in  a  paroxysm  before  the  stage  of  insensibility  begins. 
Death  may  be  produced  in  this  manner  in  3,  5,  or  10  m.  If,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  dose  be  much  diminished,  there  may  be  stiffnesi  ot 
the  hind  legs,  much  dulness,  drooping  of  the  whole  body,  and  a  sort  or 
somnolency  without  insensibility,  or  even  without  spasmodic  paroxjrsmt, 
and  then  the  animal  will  cwnmonly  recover.  (Christison  and 
CoiNDET,  Edin.  Med,  and  Surg.  Journ,^  xix,  182.) 

3.  According  to  the  experiments  of  Cyon,  in  which  ox.  acid  and 
the  oxalate  of  sodium  were  injected  subcutaneously  or  into  the  cavity 
of  the  abdomen,  ox.  acid  and  its  salts  are  cardiac  poisons.  Soon  aftei 
the  injection  the  pulse  becomes  very  weak  and  frequent,  then  follow 
quickly  dyspnoea,  convulsions,  death  ;  the  heart,  at  once  laid  bare,  is 
stopped  and  full  of  blood.     (Burnett,  Brit.  Journ.  of  Hom,^  xxxv, 

3H.)  

4.  When  an  animal  is  examined  immediately  after  death  no 
appearance  of  note  is  found  in  the  brain,  peritoneal  sac,  or  intestines. 
Unless  death  has  been  very  rapid,  the  lungs  are  almost  alwajrs  studded 
on  their  surface  with  bright  scarlet  spots,  and  sometimes  we  have  seen 
even  the  whole  parenchyma  of  a  uniform  and  beautiful  scarlet  colour. 
At  the  same  time  there  never  was  any  effusion  either  into  the  air-ceJb 
or  their  cellular  tissue.  In  cases  of  poisoning  that  prove  fatal  before  the 
stage  of  insensibility  comes  on,  the  heart,  2  or  3  m.  after  death,  is  found 
neither  contracting  nor  contractile ;  its  pulmonary  cavities  are  dis- 
tended, and  the  blood  is  dark  in  those  cavities  and  florid  in  the  aortal. 
This  fact  is  conformable  with  what  we  have  observed  in  the  same 
animals  just  at  the  time  of  death,  viz.  the  contractions  of  the  heart 
are  almost  imperceptible  even  before  the  breathing  ceases,  and  never 
continue  after  it.  In  the  slowest  cases,  in  which  coma  prevails  for 
some  time  before  death,  the  heart,  though  very  feeble  in  its  contrac- 
tions towards  the  close,  beats  a  little  after  the  breathing  has  ceased, 
and  then  the  blood  is  found  equally  dark  in  both  vascular  systems. 
There  is  likewise  an  intermediate  variety  of  poisoning,  wherein  the 
stage  of  insensibility  is  short,  and  the  heart  scarcely  survives  the 
stoppage  of  respiration  ;  and  in  such  cases  the  blood  in  the  aortal 
cavities  is  darker  than  natural,  but  still  considerably  more  florid  than 
that  of  the  veins  and  pulmonary  cavities.  (Christison  and  Coindet, 
p.  184.) 


ACIDUM  PHOSPHORICUM. 


59 


ACIDUM  PHOSPHORICUM. 

Phosphoric  acid.  H,PO^.  Prepared  by  Hahnemann  from  action  of  tulphuric 
acid  on  calcined  bones.  The  Brit  Horn.  Pharm.  prefers  to  bum  phosphoru!^  in 
oxygen,  and  dilute  product  to  sp*  gr,  1*058.  The  Brit.  Pharm.  obtains  its  acid  from 
phosphorus  by  aid  of  nitric  acia. 

1.  Provings, — i.  Hahnemann,  AlaUria  Medica  Pura^  vol*  v  of 
original)  vol.  ii  of  English  translation.  Contains  268  symptoms  from 
author,  and  411  from  12  fellow  observers. 

2.  Ibid.  Chronic  Diseases^  Part  v  of  original,  vol.  of  translation. 
Augmented  by  139  symptoms,  mainly  credited  to  Hering,  and  pro- 
bably observed  on  patients  mentioned  in  preface  as  cured  by  him  with 
the  acid. 

3.  Dr.  Heinigke  took,  from  24th  to  31st  May,  phos.  ac,  3,  5  drops  2 
or  3  times  daily.  During  the  7  d.,  though  in  normal  state  bowels  were 
usually  loose,  he  had  constipation,  with  usually  ineffectual  call  to  stool. 
But  his  sufferings  commenced  on  the  8th  d.,  when  he  had  ceased  to 
take  any  medicine.  Hitherto  he  had  never  suffered  from  any  rheumatic 
or  gouty  ailments.  31st  May,  e.,  an  acute  pain  betwixt  scapula,  of  a 
boring  and  drawing  character,  followed  by  disturbed  sleep,  ist  June. 
— On  waking  in  m.  pain  had  gone  into  L  shoulder-joint,  and  there  it 
remained  for  8  weeks.  It  increased  every  d*,  and  on  (5th  June  seemed 
to  have  attained  its  greatest  intensity  ;  it  was  of  a  boring,  digging,  and 
drawing  kind,  and  was  strongly  remittent,  nearly  intermittent  in 
character.  It  awoke  him  between  2  and  3  a.m.,  and  then  he  could  not 
get  to  sleep  again  until  he  had  taken  an  antidote.  The  axillary  and 
radial  nerves  seemed  to  be  chiefly  affected  j  transient  pressure  on 
shoulder  caused  no  change  j  lying  on  1.  side  caused  aggravation  j  moving 
shoulder  and  arm  caused  relief;  so  did  raising  the  left  arm  above  the 
head  V  everything  that  impeded  circulation  of  blood  caused  aggravation, 
while  all  that  promoted  it  gave  relief.  The  pain  was  worst  during 
absolute  rest,  t\g,  while  being  shaved.  It  lasted  from  2  a.m.  till  8  a.m., 
then  got  better.  After  dinner  (2  p.m.)  aggravation  till  4  p.m.,  then 
remission.  A  fresh  aggravation  from  7  p.m.  till  1 1  p.m.  Beer  and 
wine  caused  aggravation,  moving  in  open  air  amelioration.  When 
pain  had  lasted  3  weeks  he  resorted  to  remedies.  First  rhus  12,  that 
at  first  brought  relief,  but  after  3  d.  was  of  no  use,  Bry.,  arn,,  and 
ign.  did  little  good.  Con,  12  gave  more  relief,  but  brought  on  spasms 
in  stomach.  By  loth  July  pain,  though  less,  was  still  bad.  Fcrr.  met. 
2  caused  material  improvement.  That  and  con.  alternately  reduced 
pain  by  middle  of  August  to  numbness  in  course  of  radial  nerve.  In 
lower  extremities  he  noticed  slight  swelling  of  feet,  with  burning  in 
soles  ;  occasional  tearing  and  painful  drawing  in  course  of  r,  external 
plantar  nerve. 

In  middle  of  June  he  was  seized  with  capillary  bronchitis,  which 
he  could  only  ascribe  to  the  medicine.  It  came  on  with  febrile  sym- 
ptoms that  lasted  3  d.,  with  c.  exacerbations  ;  dyspnoea,  aching  pain 
under  sternum,  then  frequent  sneezing,  much  thirst,  some  coryza,  the 
copious  expectoration   was  of  purulent   character.     A   few   furuncles 


^ 


ACIDUM  PICRICUM. 


6i 


if  from  stimulants  ;  no  desire  for  lunch,  some  thirst.  6.  Dull 
:ipital  headache,  slight  nausea,  sweat  profusely  on  exertion.  7. 
Jcant  stool  and  scant  urine,  ate  heartily.  li.  Very  weary,  cannot 
sleep  from  itching  and  sexual  excitement  i  erections  weak,  attended  by 
salivation  and  palpitation  of  heart,  12.  Called  to  urinate,  scant  and 
slow,  I.  Same  repeated,  slept  until  8.  2nd  d. — Waked  with  dull 
headache  between  eyes,  irritability  of  sexual  organs,  mental  depression, 
languor^  pulse  65*  8,  Little  appetite,  more  thirst,  tongue  pasty  ; 
stool  after  eating,  followed  by  sinking  at  epigastrium  ;  felt  languid  and 
chilly  in  open  air;  called  to  urinate  at  j  2,  scant  and  irritating;  slimy 
saliva  in  mouth  during  forenoon.  3.  Ate  heartily,  much  oppressed 
after,  much  flatulence.  5.  Watery  stool,  much  flatus  ;  e,,  tympa- 
nites. 10.  General  cold  sweat  and  free  urine.  3rd  d.— ^Copious 
urine  on  rising,  slight  exercise  causes  backache,  free  stool  and  copious 
urine  at  10,  free  urine  at  i,  again  at  4  and  6  j  well  as  usual  in  e. 
(Communicated.) 


ACIDUM    PICRICUM, 

Picric  acid,  carbazotic  actd,  C4H,(N03)jOH.     Product  of  action  of  nitric  acid 
on  firveral  substances  (as  carbolic  acid  and  salicin). 

I.  Provings, — I,  Parisel.  a,  Non-impregnatkn, — Wc  adminis- 
tered and  took  ourselves,  an  hour  before  food,  a  wineglassful  of  picric 
wine  (1  grm.  to  i  litre).  The  aperient  effect  was  greater  than  that 
of  absinthe,  but  the  bitterness  was  extreme-  The  same  efl^ect  was 
complained  of  by  a  lady  who  took  at  the  same  time  half  a  glass  of 
aqueous  solution,  l  in  10,000.  Besides  this  effect  there  occurred 
slight  diuresis.  As  a  local  effect,  slight  warmth  at  the  stomach  fol- 
lowing the  ingestion  was  noticed. 

h.  PUrathation  (produced  by  doses  of  0*05  to  o*ao  grms.  in  the 
a4  h,). — The  first  symptom  (and  the  most  apparent)  of  *^  plcratfsation  '* 
is  the  coloration  of  the  integuments,  and  notably  of  the  conjunct! vsc, 
of  a  clear  yellow.  The  subject  seems  attacked  with  simple  jaundice. 
Cerebral  symptoms  are  only  produced  if  the  impregnation  is  effected 
with  heavy  doses  i  if  the  daily  doses  (from  0*05  grm.  to  0*20  grm.) 
arc  spread  over  the  24  h.  the  cephalic  effects  are  totally  wanting.  The 
appetite  is  diminished  rather  than  augmented.  The  effect  upon  the 
kidney  is  very  remarkable  ;  the  activity  of  this  vtscus,  which  was 
stimulated  by  tonic  doses,  is  now  diminished  ;  the  urine  is  less 
abundant,  and  its  colour  varies  from  yellowish  orange  to  blood  red, 
according  to  the  intensity  of  the  impregnation.  Lastly  the  acid  com- 
ports itself  as  an  irritant  to  the  kidney.  Its  irritation  is  general,  and 
if  the  organ  is  healthy  may  have  no  ill  effects,  especially  if  the  ingestion 
of  the  drug  be  not  prolonged.  Besides  the  coloration  and  ihe  quan- 
tity the '  urine  varies  in  appearance.  When  picratisation  is  complete 
and  strongly  kept  up,  at  the  same  time  that  decided  anuria  is  produced 
the  liquid  becomes  thicker  and  more  viscid,  as  if  full  of  flocculi. 
This  appearance  is  generally  due  to  mucus.     When  the  urine  ; 


6o 


ACIDUM  PHOSPHORICUM. 


appeared  on  K  side  of  chest  and  back.  The  urine^  which  was  copioits 
and  clear  dunng  the  proving  davf,  became  in  June  and  July  dark  and 
turbid.  With  all  the  parn  and  sleeplessness  he  felt  during  June  fresh 
and  lively  in  mind  ;  in  Jul^  there  was  exhaustion  and  getter^  depres* 
sion*     {Allg,  horn,  Z///.,  Ixxisc,  IS?*) 

4.  Dr.  ScHEtLiKG  took  phos«  ac.  12,  one  drop  in  three  doses,  m^ 
afternoon,  and  c.  Jan,  13th,  forenoon,  irresistible  vawning,  also  in 
e,  ;  vertigo,  suggering  when  walking  about  \  cold  fechng,  moreintcmal 
shuddering  than  external  cold.  Exhaustion,  dt&like  to  every  occupation  ; 
slight  burning  in  middle  of  chest  after  occupation  ;  burning  itching 
pain  in  middle  of  chest  and  upper  abdomen^  with  frequent  hawking  of 
mucus.  In  e«  great  discharge  of  Hat  us  smelling  of  garlic  \  frequent  yawn* 
ingand  chilliness  from  9  to  10  a.m.  and  4  to  6  p.m.  *,  memory  for  ordi- 
nary work  nearly  lost  ;  in  e.  tearing  spasmodic  pain  in  h  wrist  and  cold 
feet,  (At  n.,  from  2 — 4  a.m.,  no  sleep  on  account  of  thoughts  intruding.) 
14th,  m.,  exhaustion,  uncomfortable,  inclined  for  nothing  j  took  another 
dose  of  phos.  ac,  thereafter  constant  severe  yawning  for  \  h,  (From 
reading  a  few  lines  exhausted,  heavy  pressive  headache,  and  nausea,)  £.^ 
in  bed  great  discharge  of  flatus  with  garlic  smelt  for  \  h.  \  cough  and 
hawking  of  thin  mucus  ;  sleep  quiet,  woke  a  few  times.  15th, — Very 
cold  weather  ;  in  c,  spasmodic  drawing  in  feet,  very  severe  in  r,  sole 
and  ball  of  big  toe,  preventing  sleep  till  after  midnight  »  after  i  a.m^ 
pains  went  off^  quiet  sleep  j  next  m.  woke  feeling  well,  slept  well  \  next 
m,  expectoration  of  salt  mucus.     (Ihid.^  Ixxxiv,  43.) 

5.  Dr.  Andrew^s  took  increasing  doses,  from  20  drops  to  ^^ss« 
Within  first  interval  there  is  increase  in  force  of  pulsations,  though 
there  is  little  change  in  number  during  whole  time  of  experimentation* 
Increase  is  most  marked  after  lapse  of  from  i  to  2  h.,  and  it  is  not  till 
after  several  h,  that  pulse  returns  to  its  normal  condition.  The  sensa- 
tions experienced  of  taking  from  40  drops  to  511]  were  those  of  mode- 
rate alcoholic  stimulation.  There  was  slight  pain  through  frontal 
region,  and  a  buoyancy  and  lightness  of  feeling  rather  agreeable* 
\Vhen  a  larger  dose  was  taken  there  w*as  a  feeling  of  drowsiness,  an 
inclination  to  lie  down,  and  an  unwillingness  to  undertake  mental 
labour.     This  continued  for  some  h.     {Amer,  Journ.  §/  Insanity^  1869^ 

6.  Dr.  A.  W.  Woodward*  8  a.m.  Health  sound,  pulse  65. 
Took  10  drops  of  Ix  in  water  j  soon  feeling  of  a  lump  in  stomach 
with  eructations.  8.5.  Itching  of  scalp,  hands  feel  swollen,  eructa* 
ttons  again.  8.7.  Rumbling  in  bowels,  itching  of  ear,  chest  seems 
bound,  breathing  oppressed  j  eyes  watery.  8*10.  Drawing  in  r.  hand, 
cramp  in  1.  calf;  sighing  respiration.  8,15.  Pulse  76,  lump  in 
stomach,  perspiration  on  forehead,  yawning.  8,20.  Cramp  in  r* 
hand,  eructation,  yawning,  dull  ache  in  lumbar  region.  8.30.  Pulse 
84,  no  appetite,  much  itching  on  scalp  and  scrotum,  8.45.  Dull 
headache,  sneezing.  9.  Lump  tn  stomach,  dull  ache  in  back,  itching 
returns*  9.30*  Hazy  vision,  rubbing  eyes  relieves  \  languid,  pulse 
92,«veak,  lo.  Usual  stool  ;  after  stool  sickening  pain  about  uaibili- 
cus;  pitting  on  walking  shoes  find  feet  swollen  and  sore.  10.30* 
Fresh  air  'invigorated  mcj  felt  strong  in  mind  and  body  until  5  p.m,. 


rfta 


ACIDUM   PICRICUM. 


61 


as  if  from  stimulants ;  no  desire  for  lunch,  some  thirst.  6.  Dull 
occipital  headache,  slight  nausea,  sweat  profusely  on  exertion.  7. 
Scant  stool  and  scant  urine»  ate  heartily.  11,  Very  weary,  cannot 
sleep  from  itching  and  sexual  excitement ;  erections  weak,  attended  by 
salivation  and  palpitation  of  heart.  12.  Called  to  urinate,  scant  and 
slow,  I*  Same  repeated,  slept  until  8,  2nd  d. — Waked  with  dull 
headache  between  cycs^  irritability  of  sexual  organs,  mental  depression, 
languor,  pulse  65.  8.  Little  appetite,  more  thirst,  tongue  pasty  ; 
stool  after  eating,  followed  by  sinking  at  epigastrium  ;  felt  languid  and 
chilly  in  open  air;  called  to  urinate  at  12,  scant  and  irritating  ;  slimy 
saliva  in  mouth  during  forenoon,  3.  Ate  heartily,  much  oppressed 
after,  much  flatulence*  5.  Watery  stool,  much  Batus  ;  c.,  tympa- 
nites. 10.  General  cold  sweat  and  free  urine.  3rd  d, — Copious 
urine  on  rising,  slight  exercise  causes  backache,  free  stool  and  copious 
urine  at  to,  free  urine  at  1,  again  at  4  and  6,  well  as  usual  in  e. 
( Communicated*) 


ACIDUM    PICRICUM. 

Picric  acid,  carbaiottc  acid,  C4Hj(NO,)jOH.     Product  of  action  of  nitric  acid 
on  several  substances  (as  caxbolic  acid  and  saltcin). 

L  Provings, — i,  Parisel,  a,  Nort-impregnathn. — We  adminis- 
tered and  took  ourselves,  an  hour  before  food,  a  wineglassful  of  picric 
wine  (i  grm.  to  1  litre).  The  aperient  effect  was  greater  than  that 
of  absinthe,  but  the  bitterness  was  extreme.  The  same  effect  was 
complained  of  by  a  lady  who  took  at  the  same  time  half  a  glass  of 
aqueous  solution,  i  in  10,000.  Besides  this  effect  there  occurred 
slight  diuresis.  As  a  local  effect,  slight  warmth  at  the  stomach  fol- 
lowing the  ingestion  was  noticed. 

h.  Picratisation  (produced  by  doses  of  0*05  to  0*20  grms.  in  the 
24  h.). — The  first  symptom  (and  the  most  apparent)  of  *'  picratisation  *' 
is  the  coloration  of  the  integuments,  and  notably  of  the  conjunctivae, 
of  a  clear  yellow.  The  subject  seems  attacked  with  simple  jaundice. 
Cerebral  symptoms  arc  only  produced  if  the  impregnation  is  effected 
with  heavy  doses ;  if  the  daily  doses  (from  0'05  grm.  to  0*20  grm.) 
are  spread  over  the  24  h.  the  cephalic  effects  are  totally  wanting.  The 
appetite  is  diminished  rather  than  augmented.  The  effect  upon  the 
kidney  is  very  remarkable;  the  activity  of  this  viscus,  which  was 
stimulated  by  tonic  doses,  is  now  diminished  ^  the  urine  is  less 
abundant,  and  its  colour  varies  from  yellowish  orange  to  blood  red, 
according  to  the  intensity  of  the  impregnation.  Lastly  the  acid  com- 
ports itself  as  an  irritant  to  the  kidney.  Its  irritation  is  general,  and 
if  the  organ  is  healthy  may  have  no  ill  efi^ects,  especially  if  the  ingestion 
of  the  drug  be  not  prolonged.  Besides  the  coloration  and  the  quan- 
tity the' urine  varies  in  appearance.  When  picratisation  is  complete 
and  strongly  kept  up,  at  the  same  time  that  decided  anuria  is  produced 
the  liquid  becomes  thicker  and  more  viscid,  as  if  full  of  flocculi. 
This  appearance  is  generally  due  to  mucus.     When  the  urine  arrives 


62 


ACIDUM  PICRICUM. 


at  this  stage  its  colour  is  always  of  a  blood  red.  Last  and  ni09t 
important  of  all  the  phenomena  of  picriitisation  is  the  slowing  of  tbe 
circulation.  This  phenomenon,  which  we  have  studied  upon  about 
thirty  individuals,  including  ourselves,  is  only  slightly  manifest  after 
small  doses.  But  in  proportion  as  the  dose  becomes  larger  the  efect 
15  more  powerful,  we  shall  study  it  presently  in  speaking  of  tntckxi* 
cation  from  the  acid,  but  even  with  doses  of  0*20  grm.  taken  wtthtfi 
J  h.  we  have  found  the  difference  to  be  on  the  average  from  4  to  5 
beats  of  the  pulse.  The  effect  is  produced  from  i)  to  2  h.  after  the 
ingestion  of  the  dose.  I  ought  to  state  that  in  two  of  these  thirty  indi* 
viduals  I  found  not  slowing,  but  on  the  contrary  a  dight  febrile 
disturbance, 

c.  Picric  intoxication  requires  for  its  production  doses  of  0*3  to  0*6 
of  the  acid,  and  presents  three  periods  :  i,  a  pertod  of  cerebral  excita- 
tion ;  2,  a  sedative  effect;  3,  return  to  the  normal  stale  or  reaction, 

d.  On  16th  Dec,  1867,  at  8  a.m.,  took  3  pilules,  each  containing 
O'lo  grm,  of  acid,  and  J  h,  afterwards  two  others  of  the  same  strength  ; 
the  total  quantity  of  acid  absorbed  was  therefore  about  05  grm.  At 
the  commencement  of  the  experiment  the  pulse  was  71  ;  4  b,  after  and 
dose  buzzing  and  whistling  in  ears,  though  not  severe,  sparks,  whirling 
round  of  objects,  heaviness  of  head  alternating  with  sensation  of  empti- 
ness. At  9.15  a  moderately  copious  stool,  oily-looking,  yellowish  ;  the 
cerebral  symptoms  were  relieved  ,  at  9^30  pulse  58  \  at  10  a  second 
stool,  pulse  55  ;  at  IO.30,  52  ;  at  10,45  *  ^^^^^  stool,  urine  red  j  at 
1 1  pulse  48,  small^  feeble,  scarcely  able  to  lift  finger  \  great  weakness, 
necessitating  lying  down  ;  the  limbs  seemed  hardly  able  to  stir  them- 
selves i  no  anxiety  i  profound  calm.  In  e,  no  appetite  ;  at  t)  puUc  60^ 
still  feeble;  at  10,  65,  stronger;  perspiration;  sleep  pretty  good. 
Next  m.  vivid  coloration  of  sclerotics  and  integuments,  urine  coloured^ 
pulse  75,  fairly  strong  ;  still  some  weakness.  The  appetite  is  returning^ 
but  after  a  short  walk  repose  is  still  necessary.  In  e.,  and  especially 
next  day,  nothing  special,  except  coloration  of  the  urine,  which  lasted 

6  d.,  and  that  of  skin,  which  lasted  10, 

i.  Three  experiments  upon  a  man  suffering  from  panaris  and  a 
woman  with  abscess  of  the  breast,  both  aflcctions  being  in  the  stage  of 
cicatrisation  at  the  time.  The  man  took  0*5  and  the  woman  04  grm. 
Both  presented  the  above  symptoms,  with  slight  modifications.  Thus 
the  man  had  very'slight  sweating,  the  minimum  of  the  pulse  was  52, 
the   rate  at  starting  being  75,  the  coloration  of  the  skin  only  lasted 

7  d.  The  woman,  on  the  contrary,  had  abundant  sweats,  four  stools, 
after  the  last  she  was  very  weak  and  had  to  be  put  to  bed  ;  from  70 
the  pulse  fell  to  50,  and  was  very  feeble  ;  during  the  reaction  it  rose  to 
80 ;  the  skin  coloradon  lasted  9  d. 

f,  Siouf  poisoning, — In  certain  cases  where  we  have  pushed  the 
picratisation  a  little  too  far,  we  have  been  arrested  by  certain  symptoms 
evidently  the  result  of  slow  poisoning.  The  principal  of  these  is 
again  furnished  by  the  pulse,  which  manifests  m  fact  a  febrile  move- 
ment of  the  intermittent  quotidian  type.  The  attack  is,  however, 
rarely  grave.  There  is  present  anorexia,  thirst,  often  sweaty  cancerous 
tint  about  the  skin,  tendency  to  cachexia.     All  these  symptoms  speedily 


ACIDUM   PICRICUM. 


disappear  on  the  cessation  of  the  drug.  Another  important  symptom 
which  often  occasions  the  interruption  of  the  experiment  is  a 
sensation  about  the  region  of  the  kidneys,  which  often  turns  to  true 
pain,  indicating  evidently  irritation  of  the  kidneys.  To  cause  these 
symptoms  in  the  healthy  subject  we  gave  the  acid  steadily  for  three 
months  in  repeated  doses  of  O'lo  during  the  first  two  months,  and  0'l5 
during  the  last,     {De  I'Acide  Ptcrique,) 

2.  W.  S.  F — 5  in  perfect  health  ;  never  had  headache  of  any  kind. 
Bowels  normal  and  regular,  Jan,  29th,  30th,  31st,  and  Feb.  2nd» 
took  one  dose  of  30th.  Nu  symptoms,  Feb,  3rd,  8  a.m.,  one  powder 
of  1st  cent.  On  3rd,  at  3  p^ni.,  pain  in  r.  supra-orbital  region,  sharp 
and  vibrating,  stopping  a  moment  or  so,  and  then  beginning  again 
(lasted  ^  h  ],  4th,  3  p.m.,  dull,  sleepy  pain  in  the  forehead,  with 
sour  eructations  (lasting  l  h,j,  9.30  p.m.  Dull,  stunning  pain  in  chest, 
with  twitching  in  throat.  Sharp,  cutting  pain  in  1.  temple  over  small 
transverse  branch  of  temporal  artery.  5th* — Awoke  with  very  strong 
erections^  and  pain  in  abdomen  ;  pass  great  deal  of  wind  from  the 
bowels  on  moving ;  sour,  bitter  taste  in  mouth  j  nose  filled  with 
mucus ;  can  breathe  only  through  mouth  ;  relieved  by  going  into  open 
air.  8  a.m.  i  dose  ist.  11  a.m.  Pain  in  1.  thigh  in  front;  could 
hardly  flex  and  extend  the  leg  ;  lasting  15  m,  7.30  p,m»  Sour  eructa- 
tations  of  gas  and  ingesta  ;  severe  pain  in  back  of  1.  leg,  extending  to 
sole  of  foot,  with  sensation  as  if  foot  would  go  to  sleep;  relieved  by 
motion  and  open  air.  6th,  6  a.m.,  awoke  with  emission  and  very  firm 
erection,  which  continued  about  10  m.  after  emission  ;  crawling,  sting- 
ing  pains  in  abdomen  ;  bad  taste  as  if  of  gas  in  mouth,  and  watcr*brash  ; 
throat  dry  and  husky  ;  nose  filled  up ;  could  only  breathe  with  mouth 
open  ;  crawling  pain  in  sole  of  1.  foot  and  under  patella  ;  sensation  as 
if  sand  was  in  eyes,  with  smarting  pain  and  acrid  tears ;  all  symptoms 
relieved  by  cold  water  and  walking  in  open  air.  7th,  8  a.m.,  i  dose 
1st.  12  m,,  rumbling  pain  in  abdomen;  weakness  of  legs  at  knees; 
Head  feels  as  if  falling  forward  ;  eyes  watery,  stinging  pain  in  them  ; 
taste  sour ;  bad  taste  in  mouth.  5  p.m.  Dull,  sleepy  pain  over  left 
temple  ;  chest  feels  tight  as  if  encircled  by  a  band,  81  h,  4  a»m.,  ter* 
rible  erections,  7  a,m.  Awoke  with  sharp  stinging  pain  in  both  eyes, 
and  dull,  rumbling,  and  coHc-like  pains  in  abdomen  ;  numb,  sleepy 
pain  in  legs,  extending  to  soles  ot  the  feet,  relieved  by  cold  water  and 
open  air.  9  p.m.  Great  heaviness  of  both  legs  ;  knees  feels  weak  ,  lame 
and  tired  sensation  all  over  body.  General  relief  from  open  air  and 
motion.  Most  marked  symptoms  were  heaviness  and  weakness  of 
limbs  ;  general  lassitude  ;  terrible  erections  ;  headache,  which  he  never 
before  had.     (M  K  'Journ.  of  Horn, ^  ii,  154.) 

3,  /.  E.  T — ,  m  good  health,  bowels  regular,  urine  normal. 
I  first  tried  30th,  15th,  5th,  with  no  effect.  Jan.  29th,  4  p.m.,  i 
powder,  ist  cent.  8  p.m.  Dull  pain  in  supra-orbital  region,  coming 
from  occiput.  Can't  keep  the  eyes  open  in  studying  ;  general  sense 
of  lassitude,  iileep  restless,  with  terrible  erections,  30th,  8  a.m.,  same 
pains  continue  ;  worse  from  movement  and  stooping.  Great  weakness 
in  lower  limbs,  3tst. — ^No  more  symptoms.  4  p.m.  I  dose,  ist  cent. 
10  p.m.     Slight  frontal  headache,  with  sickness  at  stomach  as  from  a 


6* 


ACIDUM   PICRICUM- 


wcight.  Feb,  I st.^- Long- continued  and  violent  erections  all  night, 
2nd,  2  p.m.,  I  dose,  ist.  7  p*m.  Numb  sensation  in  lower  limbs.  Sleep 
restless.  Erections  like  h — ,  violent,  strong,  and  long-lasting,  which  I 
thought  would  surely  rupture  penis ;  followed  by  profuse  seminal 
emissions.  3rd. — Dull  pain  in  supra-orbital  region.  Soft,  light  coloured 
stool  passed  with  much  straining.  6  p.m.  Heavv,  dull  pain  in  small  of 
back.  5th,  8  a*m,,  I  dose,  1st.  2  p.m.  Dull,  heavy  supraorbital 
headache  as  before.  9  p,m.  Very  sleepy,  can't  keep  my  eyes  open. 
Urine  increased,  and  of  a  light  amber  colour.  Numbness  in  1.  foot, 
6th.  Violent  erections  all  n.,  could  not  steep  for  them  i  had  to  get  up, 
walk  about,  and  bathe  parts  in  cold  water.  Pains  in  calves  of  legs 
lasting  all  n.  Dull,  heavy  headache,  lasting  all  d.,  coming  first  on  r. 
side,  then  spreading  to  I.  7  p.m.  Urine  increased  and  of  a  light  colour* 
Great  weakness  and  heaviness  of  lower  limbs.  7th,  H  a.m.,  i  powder, 
1st  cent.  12.  Pricking  sensation,  as  from  needles,  in  \cg%  and  feet. 
Soft  stool  with  much  tenesmus.  8th,  9  a.m.,  1  powder,  ist.  8  p.m. 
Pressure  over  both  eyes  i  worse  from  studying  and  motion,  better  from 
sitting  stilK  Sleep  broken  up  by  violent  erections,  lasting  all  n.  ^  had 
to  sit  up.  9th,  2  p.m.,  I  powder,  1st.  9  p.m.  Very  sleepy  and  tired  j 
head  feels  dull  and  heavy  i  feet  feel  as  if  frostbitten  •,  calves  of  both 
legs  feel  lame  and  sore*  Urine  still  pale  and  increased.  Sleep  restless, 
and  violent  erections.  loth,  1 1  a.m.,  erections  with  severe  pain  in  left 
testicle^  as  if  bruised,  extending  up  cord  as  far  as  external  abdominal 
ring,  12  m.  Dizziness  and  vertigo,  lasting  4  h.,  worse  when  rtsing  up 
from  sitting  position,  nth,  8  p.m.,  took  1  dose  1st.  Sleeplessness  all 
night.  Arose  at  3  a.m.  and  took  a  dose  of  coffea,  without  eA^ect. 
Feb.  12th,  dreaming  all  night,  but  without  the  usual  terrible  erections, 
(7^/V.,  p.  155.) 

4.  M.  W.  G — ,  nervous  temperament,  ast.  24.  Feb.  9th,  1874, 
10  p.m.,  I  dose  of  5th.  loth,  10  a.m.,  twitching  of  lower  portion  of 
bicep»sof  I.  arm  lasting  ^  h.  12  m.  Sensation  of  fulnessand  heaviness 
of  head,  with  disinclination  for  mental  or  physical  work  ;  desires  to  sit 
still ;  aversion  to  talking  or  movement  ;  fulness  and  heaviness  increased 
till  2  p.m.,  when  it  developed  into  a  severe  throbbing  headache  ;  worse 
on  1.  side,  but  chiefly  in  1.  eye  and  occipital  region  -,  markedly  aggra> 
vated  by  going  upstairs,  which  causes  intense  throbbing  pain  in  eyeball, 
4  p.m.  Headache  relieved  j  nausea,  accompanied  by  intermittent  griping 
pains  in  the  epigastric  region,  continuing  until  n.  Feb.  1  ith. — During 
forenoon,  at  intervals,  twitching  of  biceps  of  1.  arm  as  before,  with 
fulness  and  heaviness  of  the  head,  followed  by  throbbing  pains  in  eye 
and  occiput  (1.),  but  not  as  marked  as  before;  dulnessand  indifference  ; 
disinclination  to  talk  and  study  i  takes  no  interest  in  surrounding  things. 
Feb.  ibih,  10  a.m.,  i  dose  of  5th.  2  p.m.  Fulness  and  heaviness  of 
the  head,  with  disinclination  to  do  anything ;  followed  by  severe  head- 
ache as  on  ioth  ;  small  furuncle  in  L  nostril.  6  p.m.  Severe  pain  in 
1.  inguinal  region  on  walkirjg,  aggravated  by  going  upstairs  |  great 
heaviness  and  weakness  of  lower  extremities  i  aggravation  between 
10  a.m   and  2  p.m.     {Ihid,^  p.  157.) 

5.  Mr.  Sullivan,  in  good  health ;  urine  acid  and  normal.     Jan, 
6th,  took  i  dose  of  5th.     7th,  j  p.m.|  scanty  soft  stool,  with  burning 


ACIDUM  PICRICUM, 


at  anus.  Dull  pain  in  anterior  muscles  of  thigh,  and  m  lumbar  region, 
with  feeling  of  lassitude  and  weakness  in  same,  especially  in  legs,  aggra- 
vated by  moving,  7  p.m.  Dull,  steady  frontal  headache,  with  vertigo 
when  rising  and  walking.  8  p.m.  Full,  pressing  sensation  in  head  from 
within  outwards,  as  if  head  would  fly  apart  ;  greatly  aggravated  by  motion 
and  study.     8th, — Weakness  and  heaviness  of  limbs.     {Ib'td.^  p.  152.) 

6.  Three  persons  experienced  symptoms  from  taking  30th^  and  one 
from  25th.  These  were  substantially  as  above,  save  that  furuncle  in 
nostril  of  No.  4  became  in  two  provers  of  30th  a  crop  of  such  on  face^ 
becoming  pustular  and  very  painful,  burning  and  stinging  when  touched, 
{[hid.,  p.  149,  151,  152.  1 560 

7.  S.  O.  Garmon',  a»t,  32,  took  daily  doses  of  2x  dil.,  increasing 
from  10  drops  on  ist  d.  to  30  on  7th,  thence  declining  to  20  from  9th 
to  Jith  d.  On  1st  d.,  30  m.  after  dose  had  tingling  feeling  in  lips 
and  slight  dull  throbbing  pain  in  1.  temple  ;  in  2  J  h.  formication  over 
r.  temporal  region,  running  up  over  parietal  bone,  preceded  by  pain 
there,  running  behind  cars  ;  also  irregular,  dull  pain  in  inferior  maxilla, 
with  beating  in  molar  teeth  ;  in  7  h.  fulness  in  abdomen  j  in  9  h. 
shooting  pain  through  1.  umbilical  region  from  before  backwards*  On 
2nd  d.  tingling,  throbbing,  and  formication  came  on  i  h,  after  dose  j 
in  24  h.  disagreeable  pressure  as  of  weight  in  pit  of  stomach,  desire  to 
belch  wind  without  power  to  do  so;  in  4  h.  disagreeable  dull  headache, 
severest  over  r.  temple,  passing  around  occiput.  On  3rd  d.,  after  44 
h.  sharp  pin  in  epigastric  region  \  in  e.  much  flatus,  and  some  in  the 
umbilical  region.  On  4th  d,  rumbling  and  much  flatus.  On  5th  d. 
nothing  noticed.  On  6th  d.,  dull  pain  diffused  throughout  head  ;  some 
pain  in  abdomen  and  neck  of  bladder.  On  7th  d.,  dull  general  headache, 
most  in  r.  side,  with  occasional  shoots  through  temples  from  r.  to  1.  j 
much  flatus  and  rumbling,  and  quite  a  sharp  pain  to  I.  of  umbilicus. 
On  8th  d,,  appetite,  hitherto  increased,  went  away  j  he  ate  as  usual, 
but  without  relish  ;  lassitude,  and  disagreeable  feeling  generally.  On 
9th  d.  slight  full  headache  ;  on  nth  much  flatus.*  (Dr.  S,  A.  Jones' 
provings,  Allen's  Encychpadia^  vi,  519.) 

8*  J.  A.  Baker  took  daily  for  5  d,  10  drops  of  Ix  dil.  in  m.  For 
first  3  d.  head  was  heavy  and  hot,  and  in  30  m.  after  dose  dull  pain 
came  on  in  forehead  and  temples,  worst  on  r,  side  ^  there  was  oppres* 
sive  feeling  in  epigastric  region,  palpitation,  irregular  pulse,  and  very 
hot  feeling  in  lower  dorsal  and  lumbar  region.  Also,  on  2nd  d.  low 
spirits ;  tired  feeling  ;  on  3rd  d.  felt  unable  to  study  from  pain  in  head  ; 
and  had  frequent  eructations  ;  on  5th  d.  increased  flow  of  urine.  From 
6th  to  lorh  d.  took  15  drops  daily,  and  same  three  times  on  1  ith.  On 
6th  d.  had  trembling  in  all  muscles  ;  on  6th  and  7th  head  bad  in  c. ;  on 
9th  and  Toth  also  head  ached.  On  nth  there  was  a  pressure  between 
temples,  increased  after  3rd  dose;  on  nth  urine  again  increased.  On 
J 2th  took  20  drops  three  times;  low  spirits,  headache,  copious  urine  ; 
palpitation  after  1st  dose,  burning  along  coronal  suture  after  2nd,  aKer 

•  The  prover  also  had  some  unique  urinary  symptoms^  which  Dr.  Jones  gives 
with  reserve,  viz.  in  e.  of  ^rd  d.,  urine  dark  red  ;  on  5th  d.  urine  dark,  *ip.  gr.  icio^ 
topper  and  fermLUtation  test  gave  indicatioii^  of  &ugar  ^  on  5th  and  toth  d.  very  highly 
coluured, — Eos, 


65  ACIDUM   PICRICUM. 

third  burning  along  spine,  worse  from  trying  to  study,  better  from 
motion.  On  13th  d.  cook  3  doses  of  25,30,  and  20  drops  respectively. 
Had  diuresis  and  epigastric  oppression  as  before;  after  ist  dose,  head- 
ache, with  heat  in  head,  and  rheumatic  pains  in  joints  and  extremities ; 
after  2nd  heat  in  upper  eyelids  with  lachrymation,  jerking  drawing  in 
urethra,  palpitation,  great  trembling  of  muscles  and  general  debility, 
with  drowsiness  in  afternoon  till  he  had  slept  I  h.,  heat  in  r.  side  of 
head  and  in  lower  dorsal  and  lumbar  regions ;  after  3rd  dose  very 
irritable.  Beating  of  temporal  arteries  was  noticed  on  several  days 
during  proving ;  the  head  symptoms  continued  some  time  after  discon- 
tinuance of  drug.     [Ibid,) 

9.  J.  D.  Baker,  aet.  37,  took  10  drops  of  Ix  dil.  daily  for  10  d. 
On  1st  d.  dull  headache  in  front  and  r.  side,  with  heat  in  head  and 
upper  body  (2  h.  after  dose);  in  e.  pain  in  head,  with  some  thirst  and 
heat,  chiefly  in  temples,  and  burning  in  external  ears.  On  2nd  d.  pro- 
fuse urine  ;  about  1 1  a.m.  pain  in  vertex,  with  slight  fever.  On  6th 
d.  urine  was  scanty,  and  there  was  itching  of  body  during  n. ;  he 
awoke  at  3  a.m.  and  found  it  difficult  to  go  to  sleep.  On  8th  d.  urine 
became  dark  yellow  with  strong  odour.  On  loch  d.  eyes  felt  sore  ; 
sight  was  dim  and  confused  ;  there  was  ^^  intense  raising  of  wind  **\  urine 
was  scanty  and  dark  yellow  ;  pain  in  lumbar  region  ;  shooting  pains  in 
hands ;  numbness  of  whole  body,  with  pains,  as  felt  when  taking  cold  ; 
pain  in  r.  side  ;  slight  fever  and  dull  headache :  went  to  bed  at  9,  but 
could  not  get  to  sleep  till  2.  Next  d.,  great  desire  to  be  alone  ;  severe 
headache  all  d.,  aggravated  on  rising,  better  in  open  air ;  disgust  for 
food,  and  some  thirst,  pain  in  back.  On  1 2th  d.  repeated  dose  :  pain  in 
back  continued,  worse  when  sitting  ;  bitter  taste  in  mouth,  with  great 
thirst ;  urine  yellow  and  profuse.  On  13th  and  14th  d.  took  20 
drops  :  thirst  continued,  urine  was  very  profuse,  1.  hand  went  to  sleep. 
{Ibid,) 

10.  G.  E.  Adams  for  16  d.  took  10  to  40-drop  doses  of  Ix  dil., 
generally  4  times  a  d.  On  ist  and  2nd  d.  slight  headache  after  taking 
medicine  ;  all  e.  of  2nd,  headache,  frontal,  extending  to  vertex,  of  dull 
heavy  tingling  character  ;  slight  colicky  pain.  On  3rd  d.  this  worse 
all  forenoon,  with  same  headache  ;  two  stools  before  9  a.m.,  like  gruel, 
yellowish  grey  ;  urine  much  scantier  than  usual.  Nothing  then  noted 
till  8th  d.,  when  he  had  recurrence  of  headache  in  e.  lasting  all  next.  d. ; 
pain  dull,  with  occasional  shoots.  PVom  8th  to  loth  eyes  were  dry 
and  smarting,  worse  from  use  and  lamplight.  On  nth  d.  headache  in 
vertex,  vertigo  on  stooping  or  lying  down,  head  feels  congested.  On 
I2th  d.  shooting  in  front  part  of  head,  from  outside  to  centre,  quite 
severe  all  e.  ;  slight  pain  after  micturition.  On  13th,  vertigo  worse 
in  e.  ;  frontal  headache  all  d.  ;  urine  of  milky-olive  hue.  On  14th  head* 
ache  continued  ;  numb  sensation  in  lower  sternum  (a  symptom  experi- 
enced much  when  living  in  a  malarious  country).  On  15th  headache 
worse,  continuing  during  i6th,  relieved  by  open  air.  On  i6th  had  a 
peculiar  nervous  symptom,  never  experienced  by  him  save  when  a 
fever  was  departing,  a  feeling  as  if  he  were  about  to  be  crushed  by  the 
bedclothes ;  also  arms,  face,  tongue  and  fore  part  of  brain  seemed  to 
reach  to  clouds  when  going  to  sleep.     [Ibid.) 


ACIDUM  PICRICUM. 


67 


I  r,  tf,  G*  A.TABER,set.  23,  took  from  10  to  20  drops  of  Ix  dil  6  times 
during  3  d.  Seems  to  have  noticed  no  effects  save  that  pimples  which 
he  hdd  hdd  on  face  and  neck  for  several  years  were  (un4th  d.)  remark- 
ably increased  in  number  and  size, 

h.  In  a  second  proving^  took  Ix  and  2X  dils.  during  4  d.,  and  Ix 
trit,  on  8th  and  9th  d«  On  2nd  d.  dribbling  after  urinating.  On  3rd 
found  urine  passed  during  previous  24  h.  with  heavy  deposit  of  urates  i 
and  in  e.,  while  walking,  sense  of  great  fatigue  came  on  lasting  till  n.^ 
legs  feeling  heavy.  Next  d.  still  got  tired  on  least  exertion  ;  in  after- 
noon, soreness  in  ball  of  L  great  toe,  going  off  on  exertion  ;  in  e.^  for 
I  h,,  pain  in  lower  r,  occiput,  as  if  r.  cerebellum  was  loose,  keeps 
throbbing,  worse  on  movement,  better  at  rest ;  also  momentary  sh^rp 
pain  in  r.  bladder.  On  5th  d.  sensation  as  of  strong  pressure  on  bridge 
of  nose;  feeh'ng  as  if  plug  were  m  throat  during  and  after  empty 
swallowing  j  still  easily  tired  j  constant  dreaming  during  n.  On  6th 
d.  could  not  keep  thoughts  to  study,  and  brain  soon  tired  ;  notes  that 
this  is  4th  m.  in  succession  that  he  has  awoke  with  an  erection  5  on 
lying  down,  in  aft.  and  at  n.,  feeling  as  if  r.  neck  muscles  would  give 
out.  On  7th  d»  found  urates  again  as  on  3rd.  On  8th  d,,  in  e,,  pain 
in  r.  lower  occiput,  and  slight  shooting  in  n  side  of  small  of  back  ; 
could  not  get  to  sleep  till  late  from  ideas  crowding  into  mind.  On 
9th  d,  same  headache  extending  upwards  over  to  r.  supra-orbital  region, 
for  3  h.  J  great  prostration  on  walking.  On  lOth,  brief  recurrence  of 
occipital  pain.  Nothing  further  recorded  till  13th  d.,  when  he  had 
cold  clammy  sweat  of  hands  and  feet  in  daytime;  ihis  recurred  on  most 
of  the  succeeding  days  up  to  the  20th*  Therewith,  on  14th  d.^  the 
occipital  pain,  and  great  prostration  on  walking  or  making  least  exer- 
tion ;  on  15th,  pain  from  scapula  to  loins  (r.)  on  bending  forwards  j 
same  prostration  on  walking;  on  16th,  heaviness  of  lids  and  burning  in 
eyes  (c.)  ;  while  reading  sight  is  blurred,  seemingly  from  winking 
mucus  over  eyes,  the  air  also  appears  smoky  ;  heaviness  and  weariness  of 
limbs  on  walking  short  distance  ;  on  17th,  agglutination  of  lids  in  m., 
conjunctiva*,  especially  n,  much  inflamed,  hard  work  to  keep  eyes 
open,  relief  from  cold  water  or  air,  aggravation  in  warm  room  j  throat 
sore,  worse  on  L  side,  rough,  scrapy  sensation  on  swallowing,  belter 
after  catmg,  worse  after  sleep  i  still  easily  tired  ;  on  i8th,  on  awaking, 
eyes  felt  as  if  there  were  sticks  in  them,  but  inflammation  had  partly 
subsided;  throat  sore  only  on  empty  deglutition  j  on  19th,  occipital 
pain  again  j  on  20th,  sensation  as  of  sticks  in  eyes, 

c.  In  a  third  proving,  for  3  d.  took  3X  and  2X  trits.,  from  4th  to 
lOth  d,  increasing  doses  of  Ix,  On  3rd  d.  occipital  pain  recurred 
(for  I J  h*),  and  again  on  4th  (for  1  h.)  ;  on  this  d.  dull  pain  at 
cardiac  orifice  of  stomach  while  breakfasting.  On  5th  occipital  pain 
came  and  went  all  d.  ;  in  m,  more  frequent  micturition  than  usual  j  at 
J  p,m.  prostrate  feeling  after  short  walk.  On  6th,  same  symptoms 
without  headache;  also  (and  oil  5th  as  well)  frequent  dull  pain  on 
small  spot  in  r.  calf,  which  at  length  became  tender.  On  7ih,  yel- 
lowness of  eyes.  On  8th,  prostration  of  niind  after  writing  awhile, 
occipital  pain,  slight  nausea  for  t  or  2  h,  after  taking  drug.  On  9th 
and  loth  d,  occipital  pains.     {Ibid^} 


68 


ACIDUM  PICRICUM. 


12.  F.  W.  White. 

Health 

• 

Date.   '     Urine. 

8p  pr. 

BcirtUm. 

Urea.     |    Urie  ic.   j 

Pboaph. 

Mvk, 

Chkr. 

Mhj.        Cub.  c.    . 

i 

Grnr     \     Grmt.     i 

Gm. 

Gnu. 

Qraa. 

«-9        «7J5 

lOII 

Acid 

18-1125     •«0350 

336575 

••25975     11-1125 

9—10      1620 

1012 

»»        , 

19-4400;     06804  . 

453600 

2*39760     13-3130 

10— II      1205 

lOlO 

»     ! 

15-6650      07953 

2-59075     1-85160:     9*1580 

11  —  12      i.?90 

1014 

M 

27-8000     -46704 

3*33600    a-6688o,  if398o 

12-13       850 

1020 

•» 

18*2750     -12580 

3*50750    1  •71700      6*8850 

13-14      1440 

I-OI270 

n 

20-8800     -10080 

3-30400'  1-81440    14*4000 

14—15      1400 

IOI090 

•t 

15*4000      03080 

3-50000 1  3-41600    i5^96oo 

15—16      1260 

1-01310 

^ 

15  1200     '08064 

3*33100,  3-31760    io-ji3ao 

16—17      1320 

I-OI250 

Neatrml 

18*4800     '03960 

297000    3-00640    15-8400 

Total     1221000 

1 

169*1725' 109575 

37-43900  30-33915  107-4975 

Mean      1356-66 

1 

18*7969  0*12175 
Affdieatioit. 

304877  1  335879 ;  11*9441 

•7— 18       530 

I'022IO    1 

Acid 

15*1050'    -00540  1 

3*137    1    1-6748 

4770 

18—19      >o8o 

1*01210 

M 

23  7600     •1555a 

4'86o    !    3*3760 

4-753 

19—20      1 170 

IOI39O 

ft 

22  2300     -19890 

6*201    '    3-1996 

7-956 

20—21      1680 

1-0440 

tf                 ■ 

235200     '4S.^<»o 

4284        3*2928 

8064 

21—22      1790 

1  00532 

Neutral 

15*2150     -17542 

4833       a*5o6o 

8*950 

22—23      2030 

1*00916 

Acid     ' 

21*0125     -39770 

6*560       1*7330 

9*030 

6993 

23-24      '520 

i'oo6oo 

" 

15-9600     -41344 

4*104 

1*6416 

24—15      «955 

1  00700 

»' 

17*1062     -50830 

5*474 

2*0332 

10-166 

25—26      1710 

10 1050 

-    1 

176643     -47880 

4*275 

1*7100 

8550 

ToUl     1348500 

i 

«7«*5730   1*87708 

43-7180'  19-1560 

69330 

Meuu,    1498*33 

I 

190636  0-319675 

4*85751    »i284 

7*6944 

EiiminatioH, 

1 

26 — 27      1210 

1*0131 

Acid 

^3.185 

•3W30 

2*54»0 

1*9603 

5566 

27—28      1260 

1*0119 

„ 

19315 

-16380 

3-2050 

1-8648 

7'3o8 

28—29      1245 

10093 

II 

«;'4Jo 

•28386 

3'80I3 

1*9422 

8466 

29—30      1 190 

1-0156 

»f 

21-015 

•27846 

"•7255 

3*6656 

9-5ao 

.?o— 31        875 

10131 

tt 

tS3ia 

•17850 

1*9687 

30648 

7-000 

?i— I  1     1170 

1 0159 

" 

17936 

•38376 

«*755o 

1*8720  1   10*396 

1—2  1      850 

10141 

» 

]  6'  1 50 

•29750 

3-1250 

1*4790        8500 

Total      1800-00 

Mi'443  '1*985180 

15-1214 

13*8486 

56-6560 

Mean  ;  1257-14 

18777  10283597 

2'i6oi 

1*9783 

8-0937 

(ibu.y 


13.  J.  Amos. 

Health    . 

Average  in  medication 

Result     . 

14.  Mr.  Conger. 

Healtli    . 

Average  in  medication 

Result     . 

15.  A.  Sawyer. 

Health    . 

Average  in  medication 

Result     . 


Urine. 


Urea.        Phoapliates.  Sulphates. 


Cab.  e. 

666 

1125 

+459 


Gra. 
338*3 
466*1 
+  118-1 


Gra. 
"7*4 
31*41 
+ 14-01 


Chloridct. 


Gra. 

On. 

55-80 

93- 

63-38 

116*1 

+  7-38 

+  231 

733 

33* 

57^3 

1171 

53'-7 

7'*73 

+439 

+  "99*7 

+  'V43 

38-0 
44*64 

+664 


833 

131*5 

16*4 

39^7 

1010 

535*9 

19-1 

64-14 

+  I«7 

+  304^4 

+  »'7 

+  24-44 

«55 

i«4 

+»9 

90»i 

100-9 

+  io^l 


(Couch,  Horn.  Ttmes^  1878,  p.  100.)* 


•  Thcst  tables  are  given  by  Drs.  Jones  and  Couch  without  explanation^  but  the 
dosage  v\a:>  probably  semi-bubbtantial  and  repeated. — Eds. 


ACIDUM   PICRICUM, 


69 


III.  Expirlmtnts  on  animaU* — I,  a,  A  solution  of  ^ss  of  the  crys- 
tals in  %]}  of  alcohol  was  given  to  a  cat  for  four  days,  at  first  in  31J 
doses,  finally  in  one  of  Jj.  A  few  hours  after  the  last  she  died.  The 
symptoms  were  gradually  increasing  unwillingness  to  move  about,  the 
limbs  at  last  becoming  quite  limp  ;  and  vomiting  and  diarrhoea,  the 
stools  dark  and  very  offensive.  Post  mortem^  the  pyloric  end  of  the 
duodenum,  with  the  mesenteric  glands,  were  congested  bluish-black  ; 
and  the  cerebellum,  medulla  oblongata  and  upper  part  of  the  cord 
were  "  completely  disorganised,  soft  and  pulpy/'  The  cerebrum  was 
but  slightly  softened,  the  lower  cord  not  at  all.  (CoucH,  N,  T.  J.  of 
Horn.,  ii,  145,) 

b,  A  scries  of  2,  3,  and  4-drachm  doses  of  the  solution  were 
given  to  a  strong  healthy  dog  during  ten  days,  when  he  died* 
The  symptoms  were  the  same,  with  the  addition  of  dyspnoea,  saliva- 
tion, and  "bloody  urine"  passed  with  much  straining.  The  paralytic 
symptoms  were  conjoined  with  some  of  spasmodic  character ;  e.g,  5th 
day  :  ^^  Lies  down  constantly  when  not  disturbed  and  made  to  stand 
up;  when  lying,  weak  tonic  followed  by  clonic  spasms;  muscles  of 
legs  and  back  twitch  spasmodically;  pupils  dilated.  6th  day :  trem* 
bling,  wavering,  cannot  stand  firmly  ;  muscles  twitch  spasmodically  ^ 
keeps  his  legs  wide  apart  when  standing  ;  looks  steadily  at  objects  as 
if  unable  to  make  out  what  they  are."  The  autopsy  disclosed  a  similar 
condition  of  the  nervous  centres  ;  the  muscles  of  the  hind  legs  thin  and 
wasted  ;  and  the  left  lung  the  seat  of  congestion  above  and  greyhepati- 
sat  ion  below,     {Ibid,) 

i\  In  later  investigations  of  same  kind,  entire  ana!Sthesia  and  anal- 
gesia of  posterior  extremities  was  noted.  Under  the  influence  of  the 
drug  the  animals  display  great  weakness  and  lassitude  ;  especially  is 
this  noticeable  of  the  hind  legs,  they  being  scarcely  able  to  support  the 
already  attenuated  body,  which  sways  constantly  from  side  to  side  ; 
the  tail,  too,  is  as  limp  as  a  wet  rag,  and  cannot  be  made  to  either 
wag  or  curl.  As  more  of  drug  is  absorbed  these  symptoms  become 
more  and  more  prominent^  the  animal  falls  over  at  the  slightest  push 
and  seems  unable  to  rise»  His  whole  aspect  is  now  one  of  the  greatest 
terror  j  the  fur  on  the  neck  is  erect  and  bristling  j  the  eyes  are 
prominent  and  staring  ;  the  head  is  turned  qutckly  from  side  to  side  as 
if  fearing  a  deadly  attack  from  some  dreadful  unseen  enemy;  the  gait, 
too,  is  peculiar,  resembling  somewhat  that  of  locomotor  ataxia.  This 
is  due  to  sudden  spasms  of  individual  muscles  during  the  act  of  walking. 
On  being  urged  to  run  three  or  four  feet,  he  seems  as  if  suddenly 
pulled  back  upon  his  haunches  by  some  unseen  force.  The  spasms 
now  become  general,  involving  all  the  voluntary  and  some  ol  the 
involuntary  muscles ;  the  whole  body  becomes  convulsed,  respiration  is 
stopped, opisthotonos  sets  in  ;  after  2  m,  muscles  relax  and  respiration  is 
slowly  established.  A  slight  rustling,  a  jar,  or  other  noise  is  sufficient  to 
produce  a  recurrence  of  the  above  phenomena.  If  rest  and  quiet  arc 
allowed,  the  animal  may  perfectly  recover.  If,  however,  too  large  a 
dose  has  been  administered  the  spasms  recur  more  and  more  frequently, 
till  death  finally  occurs  from  prolonged  spasms  of  the  muscles  of  respi- 
ration.    During  the  later  stages  of  the  poisonings  clonic  spasms  of  the 


70  ACIDUM   SULPHURICUM, 

jaws  occur  with  sufficient  force  to  cause  the  sound  of  clashing  teeth 
to  be  heard  fifty  feet  or  more  away.     (Ibid.,  Horn.    Ttrnts,^  April, 

1878.) 

d.  In  these  experiments  the  pulse  and  respiration  ratio  showed  a 
marked  similarity  to  the  phenomena  following  section  and  consequent 
paralysis  of  both  pneumogastric  nerves.     {Ibid.) 

e.  Dr.  Couch  examined  ophthalmoscopically  eyes  of  four  dogs 
poisoned  by  acid,  and  found  in  all  venous  congestion.  On  one  sent  to 
him  for  examination^  Dr.  Norton  reports: — ^**  Oct.  12. — ^This  m.  I 
examined  the  eyes  of  a  dog  chronically  poisoned  with  p.  acid,  that  Dr. 
Couch  had  sent  me.  Pupils  dilated  with  atropine.  Ophthalmoscopic 
appearances  of  the  two  eyes  are  similar,  refractive  media  clear,  optic 
nerve  apparently  slightly  hyperxmic,  retinal  vessels,  especially  veins, 
enlarged.  I'hin  streaks  of  reddish  colour  in  choroid,  probably  physio- 
logical, and  due  to  want  of  pigment ;  above  optic  nerve  in  particular, 
immense  white  patches  of  exudation  are  observed,  with  some  hemor- 
rhagic spots.  It  is  impossible  to  say  whether  they  are  in  the  retina  or 
choroid,  as  there  are  several  points  in  ^vour  of  each. 

"  22nd. — This  m.  the  dog's  eyes  were  sent  to  me  for  microscopical 
examination.  Optic  nerve  entrance  much  swollen  and  infiltrated  ; 
masses  of  yellowish- white  exudation  are  observed,  extending  from  the 
nerve  into  the  various  portions  of  the  retina ;  others  are  unconnected 
with  the  nerve-entrance.  In  some  places  these  points  have  a  white 
glistening  look,  but  generally  partake  of  the  appearance  noted  above. 
The  whole  retina  appears  as  if  infiltrated;  small  extravasations  are 
found  in  the  optic  nerve  and  in  the  retina.  The  choroid  was  normal 
as  far  as  examined.  Owing  to  an  accident  the  different  retinal  layers 
could  not  be  seen."     {Ibid.) 

2.  [Christison  relates,  from  Buchner,  some  experiments  made  with 
drug  by  Rapp,  under  its  old  name  of  carbazotic  acid.  As,  however, 
not  the  pure  crystals,  but  the  yellow  liquor  from  which  they  are  pro- 
cured, was  employed,  we  have  not  used  them  here. — Eds.] 

AciDUM  Salicylicum.     See  Salicinum. 


ACIDUM  SULPHURICUM. 

Sulphuric  acid.     H^SO^.     A  product  of  the  oxidation  of  sulphur,  UMially  obtained 
by  its  combu!»tion  and  subsequent  treatment  by  nitrous  vapours. 

1.  Provlngs. — I.  Hahnemann,  Chronic  Diseases^  Part  5  of  original, 
vol.  of  English  translation.  Contains  513  symptoms  from  self 
and  5  fellow-observers,  and  8  from  authors.  Of  these  5  belong  to  a 
typhoid  fever  from  which  the  patients  taking  it  were  suffering.  The 
others — "salivation,"  "aphthae  in  mouth,"  and  "hiccup  — seem 
genuine  effects  of  acid,  and  last  repeatedly  recurred  after  administration 
of  clysters  containing  it. 

2.  Dr.  D.  Cowley  (now  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.),  act.  24,  sanguine- 
nervous  temp.    July  17th,  1855,  being  a  very  warm  day^  he  had  a 


ACIDUM   TARTARICUM. 


7» 


craving  for  something  acid,  and  put  3  or  4  drops  of  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  into  half  a  tumbler  of  water,  and  drank  it  down.  Immediately 
after  had  slightly  cutting  pain  in  1.  arm,  extending  whole  length  of  it, 
and  lasting  a  few  seconds,  perhaps  I  m.  In  a  (tw  m,  slightly  cutting 
pain  from  stomach  into  hypochondria.  In  ^  h.  slight  cutting  pain  in 
region  of  cascum,  lasting  2  or  3  m.  In  1  h*  slight  pain  in  L  thigh 
near  knee,  feeh'ng  as  though  it  would  soon  become  cutting  \  also 
slight  feeling  of  tension  in  scalp  and  ear  of  I,  side,  more  in  front  of  ear, 
lasting  a  few  m,      {Cammunicated) 

11.  Po'tsoningi, — I  *  a.  The  local  effects  of  the  acid  on  the  alimentary 
canal  are  chemical.  That  it  is  absorbed  into  the  blood  is  shown  by 
increased  elimination  of  sulphates  in  urine  ;  but  it  is  not  found  there 
in  a  free  state  during  life. 

b.  In  the  urine,  passed  naturally  or  by  artificial  aid,  very  large 
amounts  of  albumen  and  casts  have  recently  been  detected  (Wyss, 
Mannkopf,  Munk  and  Leyden,  and  others).  Still,  albuminuria  has 
not  as  yet  been  recognised  by  all  observers  as  a  constant  symptom  of 
acute  sulphuric  actd  poisoning  (Smoler  found  it  but  once  In  fourteen 
cases),  ,  ,  .  Recently  Mannkopf  has  observed,  in  several  cases  of 
poisoning,  neuralgic  affections  of  the  abdominal  and  intercostal  nerves; 
also,  in  isolated  cases,  extended  and  severe  hyperesthesia  over  the 
whole  trunk,  symptoms  regarding  whose  pathogenesis  we  are  as  yet 
entirely  in  the  dark.  In  the  different  cases  they  developed  at  diff^erent 
times,  between  the  8th  and  the  22nd  d.  after  the  poisoning.  After  death, 
the  liver  has  been  found  in  a  state  of  fatty  degeneration,  the  kidneys 
in  that  of  parenchymatous  nephritis,  (Boi:HM|  ZUmsscn*$  CycU- 
t^dia^  xvii.) 


ACIDUM  TARTARICUM. 

Tartaric  acid,     CJijO^. 

T.  Pro^ingj. —  i,  Nfnnino.  (Sec  JcUum  Ay Jrogfamcum.)  Secm^  To  have  taken 
a  substantial  dose,  atid  had  symptoms  of  irritation  of  mouth,  throat,  stomach  and 
bowels,  with  confusion  of  head  (i  h.) ;  drawing  pain  on  sole«t  near  heel,  which 
hinders  his  putting  feet  to  ground  i  weakness,  especially  oi  lower  extremities,  and 
general  cold  sensation  at  n.  in  bed.     He  felt  better  in  open  air,     (Prakt,  Miithii- 

iutigen^  '^*7t  P*  *7*) 

"iX.  Fcisomngj. — i,  Man  swallowed  Jj  in  Ossof  warm  water.  Complamed  imme- 
diately of  burning  sensation  in  throat  and  stomachy  "  as  if  be  were  on  hre/'  Vomit- 
ing set  in,  and  continued  till  death  9  d.  after.  On  inspection  nearly  whole  alimentary 
canal  was  found  highly  inflamed.     (TaYI  OR,  Poijom^  sub  voce.) 

III.  Exp'trimenU  on  animals— t.  Pommer  found  that  when  15  grs.  in  Jss  of 
water  were  injected  into  femoral  vein  of  do^  in  4.  doses,  difficult  breathing  and 
di'icharge  of  farces  and  urine  were  produced  after  each  operation,  and  death  ensued 
without  any  other  particular  symptom.  Heart  continued  contractile  long  alter  death, 
and  no  change  was  found  in  blood,     (Christison,  op,  at.,  sub  voce.) 

a.  MiTSCMERLiCH  found  that  while  animals  were  under  influence  of  poison, 
Inspiration  was  accelerated,  and  it  then  became  laborious  and  slow.  Great  debility 
was  a  prominent  symptom,  and  it  soon  ended  in  paralysis,  death  being  preceded  bv 
llight  spasms.  In  the  fatal  cases,  it  was  not  found  to  excite  inflammation  of  small 
intestines*    (Taylor,  op,  at,) 


72  ACONITUM. 


ACONITUM. 

AconMum  Anthora^  L. :  if.  Cdmmarum,  L. ;  A,  firox^  Wall. ;  A,  Ni^ffmr^  I.-* 
Wolfsbane  (A.  NapeUus),  Monkshood,  Blue  rocket,  Helmet  flower.  Nat.  OnL 
RjnuncuIacfCB. 

1.  Provings. — I.  Hahnemann,  Fragmenta  de  Virihut  Medtcanun" 
torum  Posithis^  1 805.  Contains  138  symptoms  observed  by  self,  and 
75  from  authors. 

2.  Ibid.,  Mat.  Med.  Pura^  vol.  i  of  original  and  translation.  Con- 
tains 431  symptoms  from  self  and  7  fellow-observers,  and  no  from 
authors. 

3.  A.  Br — ,  a  healthy  peasant  girl,  very  robust,  act.  22,  took  on 
successive  d.  5,  10,  and  20  drops  of  tinct.  without  effect.  On  iSth 
Jan.  took  30  drops  ;  confusion  of  head,  feeling  of  heat  in  c.  19th.— 
40  drops  \  after  2  h.  confusion  of  head,  sometimes  changing  into  heavjr 
feeling  and  pressive  pain  in  crown  and  forehead  \  loathing,  nausea, 
gejieral  malaise  with  painful  heaviness  in  limbs.  After  5  h.  pressive 
pain  in  scrobiculus  cordis,  dry  feeling  in  mouth,  great  thirst.  Felt  so 
unwell,  head  so  confused,  giddy,  and  painful,  limbs  so  heavy,  that  she 
had  to  go  to  bed.  Face  hot,  hands  and  feet  cold ;  pulse  contracted, 
hard,  moderately  quick.  After  9  h.  pressive  pain  in  forehead,  fiice 
turgid  red,  eyes  sparkling,  dry  feeling  in  mouth,  tongue  moderately 
moist,  slightly  furred,  no  appetite,  great  thirst,  oppression  of  chest, 
shallow  quick  breathing,  with  frequent  deep  breathing  and  sighing. 
No  pains,  but  heaviness  and  fulness  in  chest,  anxiety  and  palpitation  of 
heart.  Heart's  beats  strong,  pulse  fuller  than  usual,  hard  and  strong, 
at  same  time  moderately  quick  ;  skin  warm,  urine  clear  and  reddish. 
After  12  h.  heat  and  restlessness  increased,  tosses  about  from  one  side 
to  another.  In  r.  thorax  some  pressive  pain.  After  16  h.  (9  p.m.}, 
more  tranquil  last  h.,  general  warm  sweat.  Headache,  throat,  and 
breathing  difficulties  relieved.  Pulse  large,  soft,  and  slow.  Only 
confusion  of  head  and  perceptible  beating  of  heart  complained  of. 
]  I  p.m.  Sleeps  sound  and  quietly.  No  stool  since  yesterday  morning. 
Ate  nothing  all  day.  20th  Jan. — Slept  quietly  all  night,  skin  moist  on 
waking.  Somewhat  fatigued  and  head  rather  confused,  this  went  off 
during  d.     (Hencke,  Archivf.  Horn.  Heilk.^  xx,  i.) 

4.  Dr.  C.  Hencke  took,  ist  Oct.,  1841,  at  6  a.m.,  4  drops  of 
tinct.  in  a  teaspoonful  of  water.  Some  pressure  in  stomach  after  i  h. 
2nd,  6  a.m.,  8  drops  in  1  oz.  of  water.  Pressive  pain  in  stomach  (after 
I  h.)  lasting  i  h.  Heaviness  and  fulness  in  chest  when  walking ;  he 
felt  as  though  the  chest  could  not  he  expanded,  compelling  him  to 
breathe  deeply  often  (forenoon).  3rd,  6  a.m.,  10  drops.  Increased 
full  feeling  in  chest  when  walking.  Palpitation  of  heart  felt  when 
walking  ;  flying  stitches  in  cardiac  region,  sometimes  felt  when  at  rest. 
Tiresome  pressure  on  crown  (forenoon).  4th,  6  a.m.,  24  drops. 
Tiresome  pressive  headache,  first  in  crown,  then  in  forehead,  where  it 
caused  feeling  of  heaviness  and  fulness,  lasting  several  h.,  aggravated 

^  Where  no  species  is  mentioned,  it  will  be  understood  that  the  A.  NapeUut  was 
employed. 


ACONITUM, 


73 


hy  movement  (forenoon).  Flying  stitches  in  chest  here  and  there  ; 
full  feeling  in  chest  ;  prcssivc  pains  on  sternum  ;  some  palpitation  of 
heart  when  walking  and  frequent  deep  breathing.  Three  liquid  stools 
of  foetid  dissolved  faeces  during  d*  Icy  cold  feet  (e,),  5th,  6  a.m.,  30 
drops.  Headache,  full  feeling.  Three  watery  stools  with  slight  griping. 
Urine  passed  in  morning  brown,  on  standing  turbid,  and  with  dirty 
brown  sediment.  Feet  and  hands  icy  cold  (e.),  6th. — Many  con- 
fused dreams  during  past  night.  The  feeling  of  weight  and  fulness 
in  chest  more  troublesome,  compels  him  to  breathe  deeply  even 
when  at  rest,  accompanied  by  internal  restlessness,  anxiety,  and  pal- 
pitation of  heart.  Pressive  pain  in  region  of  heart.  Three  watery 
stools  with  rumbling  in  bowels  and  qualmishness.  7th. — Dreamt 
much  at  night*  Oppression  of  chest,  internal  restlessness,  palpitation 
of  heart,  even  when  at  rest,  pressive  pain  in  cardiac  region  as  yesterday. 
Confusion  of  head,  pressure  in  forehead,  frequent  heat  in  face,  cold 
hands  and  feet,  especially  e.  Indisposed  to  mental  exertion.  Two 
liquid  stools  with  qualmishness  and  rumbling  in  bowels*  8th. ^ — Many 
dreams.  Great  confusion  of  head  and  pressive  pain  in  forehead  on 
w.iking.  Frequent  deep  breathing  while  driving.  The  weight  and 
full  feeling  in  chest,  internal  uneasiness,  palpitation,  &c,,  went  off  on 
taking  exercise  in  open  air.  Qualmish  feeling  in  abdomen.  Great 
feeling  of  hunger,  renewed  after  eating.  No  stool,  9th  and  loth. — 
Symptoms  gradually  went  off.     {Ih'td.) 

5.  N — ,  married,  choleric  temperament^  in  good  health,  a.  Proved 
mixture  of  2  drops  of  tinct,  to  40  of  water,  ist  d, — At  7.30  p.m*  8 
drops.  Soon  afterwards  drowsiness  when  driving,  eyes  closed  for  some 
seconds.  After  jj  h.,  several  times  in  a  few  m,,  violent  spasmodic 
yawning,  repeated  at  10  p.m,  \  fell  fast  asleep  in  chair  till  i  a.m.  2nd 
d. — At  6  a.m.  hurried  ca!l  to  stool,  with  copious  soft  evacuation  with 
straining  ;  no  other  symptoms. 

if.  Some  days  later  same  mixture.  1st  d, — At  2  p.m.  8  drops,  at  6 
p.m.  5  drops,  at  7.30  p.m.  20  drops.  Soon  afterwards  violent  yawning 
without  drowsiness  ;  great  laziness  and  faint  qualmishness,  no  actual 
nausea.  Painful  rumbling  in  bowels  and  discharge  of  flatus,  with  relief 
After  one  h,  urging  to  stool,  copious  evacuation,  followed  by  some 
straining.  2nd  d. — t)ry,  short  cough,  several  soft  stools^  with  hurried 
urging. 

c.  Some  days  later  proved  solution  of  5  drops  in  30  drops  of  spirit. 
Of  this  8  drops  m.,  noon,  and  e.  Nothing  observed  but  slight  emo- 
tional disturbance,  flushes  of  heat,  especially  in  face  and  ears,  slight 
pressive  pain  in  head  in  r.  frontal  protuberance,  spreading  to  upper 
orbital  border,  soon  going  off.      [Ihid.) 

6,  W- — ,  *et,  19,  phthisical  habitus,  sanguine  temperament.  Took, 
2nd  Oct.,  4  dr')ps  i  3rd,  8  drops;  4th,  10  dro|^  i  5th,  12  drops  of 
tinct.  On  5th  confusion  of  head,  pressive  pain  in  sinciput,  heaviness 
in  forehead.  6th,  from  8  to  10  ajn.,  three  liquid  stools  with  severe 
griping.  During  day  increased  headache,  heavy  feeling  in  chest,  diffi- 
culty of  breathing,  frequent  palpitation  of  heart.  7th. — Pressive  pains 
in  head  with  pressure  on  eyes;  two  watery  stools  in  d.  with  severe 
cutting  in  bowels  i  frequent  dry  cough,  occasionally  with  expectoration 


74 


ACONITUM- 


of  bright  red  blood,  but  without  pain  in  chest*     8th, — ^Hcadichc  con-* 
tinucs  ;  sleep  but  little  disturbed  by  cough  ;  heavv  feeling  in   chest  ; 
difficult  breathings  sometimes   sighing  i    strong  palpitjition    of  heart  ; 
dry  cough^  with  occasional  expectoration  of  bright  red  blood  ;  one  loos 
stool,     gth* — Cough    with    slight    bloody    expectoration  j    brcathinf 
oppressed  as  yesterday  \  somewhat  exhausted  ;   interna]  anxiety  ;  lirtl 
appetite,      loth.^ — Only  cough,   not   severe,   no    blooj    expcctoraecdJL 
1 1  th. — The  cough  continued,  growing  gradually  less  till  ibe  15th,  whco 
it  went  off.     (UiJ.) 

6*.  a.  Dr.  F.  H,  Arneth  took,  26th  Feb.,  1843,  to  drops  of  rincf ,♦ 
fasting.  Some  h.  afterwards  20  drops.  Nothing  felt  but  burning  oiii 
tongue.  21st,  fasting,  15  drops.  Immediately  burning  on  tongut 
great  pressure  and  sometimes  shooting  in  anterior,  not  superficial  partfl 
of  eyeball,  22nd,  m.  and  e.,  20  drops.  23rd. — At  noon  30  drof 
Almost  immediately  same  pains  in  eye,  occurring  several  times  during 
day.  From  26th  (though  no  medicine  was  taken  since  23rd)  signs 
a  chill,  severe  corvza,  shivering  over  back,  especially  in  e. ;  slight 
oppression  of  breathing,  with  slight  pressure  under  sternum,  sometimes 
flying  heat,  quick,  rather  full  pulse,  &c,  ;  nights  very  restless,  with  vivid 
dreams  of  things  that  happened  during  the  day.  28ih,  m.  and  c.,  25 
drops.  Moderate  increase  of  all  the  described  symptoms.  29th. —  In 
forenoon  40  drops.  Besides  above  symptoms,  immediately  after  taViai 
medicine  some  pinching  about  navel,  as  after  taking  manna,  soon  (ol 
lowed  by  easy,  painless  diarrhoea,  later  pressivc  pain  on  r.  eyebrow. 
Towards  e,  the  febrile  symptoms  increased  greatly,  for  which  he  took 
(not  knowing  the  medicine  he  was  proving)  some  globules  of  aeon.  7. 
The  next  night  restless,  with  dreams  about  his  patients.  Feeling  no 
better  he  took  on  m.  of  30th  some  globules  of  aeon,  without  relief. 
The  febrile  state  lasted  till  8th  March,  with  all  the  previous  symptoms* 
On  7th  March  the  difficulty  of  breathing  increased,  especially  on  1, 
side  of  chest  in  cardiac  region^  with  intermitting  pulse  ;  five  beats  were 
always  hard,  full,  in  rapid  succession,  the  sixth  was  an  intermission. 
This  lasted  all  d.  He  got  pale,  emaciated,  his  gait  and  whole  appear- 
ance betokened  illness,  and  this  was  observed  by  others.  Burni 
urethra  when   urinating.     9th. — Feeling  of  shortening  of  tei.  t, 

hough,  pain  in  1,  patella  as  from  a  bruise.  This  Listed  the  loth  ari« 
ilth.  On  1 2th,  for  more  than  10  m.,  peculiar  feeling  in  eyes,  like 
that  felt  by  amaurotics  in  first  stage,  a  warmth  and  undul  »tiou  in  both 
eyes,  with  involuntary  half  closure  of  lids,  and,  though  the  room  W4 
quite  light,  felt  as  though  he  could  not  read  for  want  of  light  j  h< 
could  read,  however.  13th. — Slight  drawing  in  r.  shoulder  that  wenl 
off  by  noon,  but  w^as  followed  by  tearing  and  drawing,  with  latiieness^ 
in  head  of  1.  humerus  for  2  h.  t5th. — Feeling  of  shortening  of  both 
tendines  Achtllis  j  had  a  difficulty  in  standing  quite  erect  after  sitting 
some  time,  knees  gave  way.  This  lasted  nearly  3  weeks,  and  only 
went  off  5th  April. 

£.  On  5th  April  took  in  m.  fasting  and  about  noon,  each  time  a 

•  The  tinctmc  u^cd  in  the  Austrian  proving!  was  the  Hahtittnannian^prepar 
by  mixing  the  cxprcwcd  jviice  of  the  whole  pUnt  with  equal  paits*  of  ipirlt  of  wine.- 
Eds. 


ACONITUM. 


n 


: 


I 


tablespoon ful  of  3rd  dil.*     I m mediately  pressivc  pafn  in  frontal  region, 

especially  above  n  eyebrow,  with  dread  of  being  shaken  while  driving, 
7^he  same  after  two  like  doses  nt:xt  d.  7th  and  8th.— In  m.,  fasting, 
and  at  noon  a  tablespoonful  of  2nd  diL,  and  on  9th  and  10th  as  much 
of  1st  diK  Nights  very  restless,  dreamt  of  things  that  had  occurred  long 
ago,  but  of  which  he  h.»d  not  thought  for  years,  so  vividly,  that  after 
waking  they  were  still  before  his  eyes.  Next  m.  always  confusion  of 
head  and  blowing  bright  red  blood  from  nose.  On  lOth  some 
confusion  of  head.  He  took  nothing  more,  and  felt  thenceforward 
quite  well. 

f.  On  20th  took,  fasting,  50  drops  of  tinct.  No  symptoms.  Tlst, 
— *6o  drops  tinct.  Blowing  of  blood  from  nose,  pressive  pain  in  head. 
2Znd. — 80  drops.  Eruption  of  vesicles  on  both  temples,  restless  n. 
23rd. ^ — 100  drops.  Blowing  blood  from  nose,  violent  twitching  of 
extremities  on  going  to  sleep,  which  woke  him  up ;  restless  n.  Yes- 
terday and  to-day,  immediately  after  the  dose,  violent  inclination  to 
vomit,  which  was  allayed  after  breakfast.  24th. — 130  drops.  Imme- 
diately violent  inch'nation  to  vomit,  lasting  till  after  dinner  (4  p.m.),  and 
great  confusion  of  head.  After  this  no  more  medicine  and  no  more 
symptoms.     (Oest.  Ztsch.f.  Hom,^  vol.  i.) 

7.  Dn  BoHM  had  suffered  some  years  previously  from  haemoptysis, 
and  after  great  exertion  stjll  occasionally  sees  traces  of  blood  in  the 
sputa,  a.  He  took  on  3rd  Feb.  5  drops  of  tinct.  on  sugar.  Imme- 
diately burning,  acrid,  dry  feeling  on  soft  palate  and  fauces,  not  going 
off  after  breakfast,  and  causing  frequent  empty  swallowing.  After  i  h. 
frequent  empty  eructation  with  sourish  taste  ;  tickling  in  larynx  causing 
cough.  At  noon  want  of  appetite,  empty  eructation  \  after  eating,  dis- 
comfort and  pressive  feeling  in  scrobiculus  cordis  and  upper  abdomen. 
Towards  e.  hunger;  frequent  stitches  in  middle  of  sternum,  with  very 
cheerful  humour  Sleep  at  n.,  though  uninterrupted,  appeared  so  light 
and  superficial  that  in  the  m.,  though  he  did  not  feel  tired,  he  thought 
he  had  not  slept  at  all.  All  symptoms,  except  those  of  digestion, 
lasted  on  4th,  and  at  n.  felt  as  if  he  slept  in  the  air  and  had  no 
firm  support.  7th. — At  4.30  p.m.  jo  drops  in  water.  Immediately 
empty  eructation,  slight  pressure  in  stomach.  After  3  h.  dry  feeling 
in  fauces,  with  much  thirst,  as  if  water  did  not  sufficiently  moisten 
surfaces  it  touched.  Feeling  of  weariness  and  exhaustion  in  chest, 
though  he  talked  little  all  day  ;  slii^ht  fatiguing  cough.  8th. — After 
coughing  hawked  up  mucus  streaked  with  blood  ;  on  posterior  surface 
of  sternum  constant  feeling  of  soreness  all  day,  as  though  he  had  been 
struck ;  in  e.  greatly  increased  warmth  of  palnis  and  cheeks.  Went 
early  to  bed,  and  could  with  difficulty  fall  asleep  on  account  of  great 
excitement,  which  he  sought  to  allay  by  drinking  much.  Next  m., 
after  light  sleep,  not  rested  ;  all  d.  burning  in  eyes*  The  sensitiveness 
of  chest  lasted,  with  gradually  diminishing  intensity,  during  the  e,-  and 
n. -fever  till  12th  Feb.     ^y  13th  he  was  quite  well, 

A.  22nd. — At  6  p.m.  took  4  drops,  without  symptoms*  27th. — In 
m.,  fasting,  took  30  drops  on  sugar.     Soon  afterwards^burning  on  both 

•  The  Gcnnan  diluiion^  are  (unless  otherwise  specified)  on  the  decimal  scalc^thc 
mother  tincture  b«in^  the  zero. — Eds, 


76 


ACONITUM, 


sid^  of  tongue,  as  from  aphthae;  dryness  on  soft  palate  and  constriction 
in  gullet,  not  going  off  on  drinking  cold  water.  This  lasted  till  after- 
noon and  interfered  with  speech.  Constant  flow  of  saliva  into  mouth, 
and  frequent  risings  from  scrobiculus  cordis ;  he  feared  nausea  or 
vomiting.  Distaste  for  wheaten  bread.  Frequent  attacks  of  giddiness 
when  walking  and  driving.  Walking  and  speaking  tire  him,  he  feels 
very  exhausted.  At  noon  anorexia,  tongue  like  leather,  prostration  in 
e.,  increased  heat  of  skin,  flying  stitches  along  sternum  and  between 
ribs  ;  he  must  go  early  to  bed  ;  sleep  restless,  broken,  not  refreshing. 
Though  he  had  drunk  much  did  not  urinate  at  night.  In  m.  urine  red, 
and  when  passed  burning  in  orifice  of  urethra.  28th. — Better  aftcf 
breakfast,  but  at  11  a-m.  violent  rigor  spreading  over  back  and  chest^^ 
also  recurring  very  disagreeably  on  least  movement  during  subsequent 
great  heat  (with  frontal  headache).  A  violent  cough  with  sharp 
stitches  in  various  pans  of  thorax  compelled  him  to  lie  always  on  his 
back,  as  lying  on  either  side  aggravated  it*  In  c.  as  if  stupefied  and 
very  cross;  at  n,  restless,  sweat  after  midnight  with  relief  j  urine  as 
yesterday.  29th. — Though  still  exhaused  and  looking  ill,  went  abouE 
his  business.  At  3  p.m.  a  repetition  of  febrile  attack,  but  chill  is  weake^ 
than  yesterday,  heat  more  moderate,  pulse  quick,  96,  frequent  cough, 
with  shaking  pain  of  whole  chest,  expectoration  occasionally  brownish 
rcd^  rust  coloured  ;  sleep  better,  perspiration  profuse,  towards  m.  great 
relief.  1st  April. ^After  constipation  for  3  d.  a  normal  stool ;  more 
frequent  micturition,  cough  rarer,  less  painful,  appetite  normal.  In 
afternoon  attack  of  chill  and  heat,  not  lasting  long  ;  n.  good.  From 
this  time  the  fever  disappeared.  For  some  d.  pressive  pain  in  forehead 
and  drawing  pain  in  right  upper  arm,     [Ihtd.) 

8,  a.  Dr.  Gerstel  took,  5th  Jan.,  in  m.,  fasting,  6  drops  of  tinct. 
in  waucr  without  effect.  6th. — ^8  drops.  Soon  giddy  confusion  of 
head  in  r,  side  of  forehead  when  walking  in  open  air,  bruised  pain  in 
nape  on  moving  it,  as  if  confined  to  certain  muscles,  especially  in  e. 
and  at  n.  when  lying  down.  The  coryza,  previously  fluent,  became 
dry.  At  n.  in  sleep  feeling  of  dryness  in  mouth  and  fauces,  compelling 
him  to  drink  on  waking.  Soon  afterwards  profuse  but  transient  sweat 
all  over  body,  and  continued  unusual  transpiration,  and  again  in  m, pro- 
fuse transient  sweat.  7th.— In  m.  10  drops.  Soon  transient  weari* 
ness  of  legs  on  commencing  to  walk.  The  pain  in  nape  continues. 
8th,  m,,  16  drops.  For  an  hour  cooling  burning  in  fauces,  after- 
wards in  tongue  as  from  pepper  or  saltpetre.  Pain  in  nape  continues, 
loth,  noon,  20  drops.  Immediately  hot  feeling  in  chest,  and  dis- 
agreeable feeling;  about  heart.  The  taste  of  pepper  in  fauces  came 
later,  nth. — At  jo.30  p.m.,  20  drops.  Slept  restlessly  or  woke 
often  with  pepper  taste  in  mouth.  12th,  m,,  27  drops*  Some  head- 
ache, pressive  stupefying  pain  in  frontal  region,  getting  worse  about 
6  p.m,  A  pressing  out  in  temple,  with  fulness  in  forehead  and  prick- 
ling and  smarting  in  eyelids  as  in  commencing  catarrh  ;  at  same  time 
flush  of  heat.  Scraping  in  throat,  and  palpitaiion  of  heart*  The  pain 
in  nape,  which  had  ceased  for  three  days,  troubled  him  all  day.  13th 
and  14th. — No  symptoms.  I5thi — Of  40  drops  in  a  glass  of  water, 
with  IQO  drops  of  alcohol,  took  in  m.,  fasting,  a  fourth  part.     Continued 


ACONITUM, 


77 


pepper  taste  on  tongue^  flow  of  water  into  mouth,  hot  feeling  in  and 
over  chest ;  pain  in  forehead  and  temples  j  eructation  of  air  and  nausea 

I  from  stomach,  going  off  after  breakfast;  violent  palpitation  of  heart 
with  disagreeable  feeling  in  cardiac  region  ;  tickling  itching  on  inner 
side  of  ].  upper  arm  ;  burning  and  agreeable  warm  feeling  along  back 
of  1,  index;  cold  spreading  over  inside  of  lower  limbs  from  middle  of 
thighs  downwards,  especially  on  knees  and  feet,  then  pressing  pain  in 
I*  temple,  and  pressure  and  digging  in  chin.  After  i  h.  bruised  pain 
in  middle  of  thighs,  and  unusual  coldness  of  feet  even  in  room  and 
when  walking.  About  noon  took  same  dose.  Immediately  recurrence 
of  the  pain  in  1.  temple,  first  a  pressing,  then  a  slight  soreness,  at  same 
time  feeling  as  if  forehead  and  face,  especially  I.  side,  swelled.  This 
feeling  of  swelling  gradually  spreads  almost  all  over  body,  especially  1. 
Side,  and  is  accompanied  by  many  painful  sensations,  as  bruised  pain  of 
muscles,  bruised  feeling  or  pressure  in  bones,  sometimes  in  one  or  other 
rib^  sometimes  in  L  arm.  The  1.  side  of  forehead,  face,  arms,  and 
upper  part  of  chest  is  longest  affected;  at  same  time  crampy  feeling  at 
heart.  Whilst  1.  cheek  feels  swollen  and  hot  it  is  cool  to  touch  ;  for- 
mication in  r,  cheek  and  r.  forearm.  From  1.  side  of  face  sensation 
spreads  to  ear,  as  if  something  lay  before  it,  but  pain  seems  to  be  in  bone 
around  auricle.  Painful  feeling  in  thigh  and  arms  passes  gradually  into 
a  numb  sensation.  About  4  p.m.  a  constant  chilliness  or  even  coldness 
over  whole  body,  especially  in  feet  and  knees ;  occasionally  when  swal- 
lowing aching  in  r.  Eustachian  tube ;  soreness  and  itching  in  tarsal 
edges,  and  bruised  pain  in  various  parts  of  body.  Pulse  at  3.30  67, 
small,  easily  compressible ;  about  4  p.m.  74,  beats  stronger.  About 
5  p,m,  pulse  102,  full,  and  hard.  Whilst  feeling  of  coolness  is  pre- 
dominant in  lower  limbs  an  agreeable  warmth  spreads  over  rest  of 
body,  with  transient  anxiety  and  warm  feeling  about  heart.  Bursting 
out  of  sweat  over  forehead  and  pra^cordium.  Later  sweat  broke  out  ail 
over  body,  especially  on  head,  nape,  chest,  and  abdomen,  while  feet 
remained  always  as  tf  a  cool  wind  blew  on  them.  At  same  time  a 
pressure  on  upper  eyelids  of  both  eyes  alternately,  and  occasional  sen- 
sation as  if  whole  eyeball  were  pressed  into  orbit,  so  that  eye  pained  as 
if  contused.  The  heat  of  body,  especially  face  (with  red  cheeks),  and 
the  tiresome  pains  in  forehead,  temples,  eyes,  and  nape  lasted  all  c.,  with 
very  accelerated  and  strong  hcart*s  beats.  About  6  p.m*  moderate 
thirst*  In  c,,  good  appetite,  slept  well,  and  in  m*  more  sweat »  i6th 
and  17th. — Took  remainder  of  solution.  On  i6th  felt  slight  sense  of 
coldness,  and  on  both  days  some  lassitude  and  pain  in  nape,  eyes,  and 
bead. 

h,  23rd  Feb. — 40  drops  of  tinct*  in  water  at  once.  After  i  h. 
shooting  and  drawing  pain  in  1.  upper  and  lower  maxilla?,  in  r.  molars, 
in  both  libi*e  and  arms,  but  especially  in  L  side  of  nape  ;  at  same  time 

I  feeling  of  swelling  of  1,  cheek,  pressure  in  stomach,  empty  eructation, 

I  burning  on  tip  of  tongue  with  tiow  of  water  into  mouth,  all  in  rapid 
Micccssion.  More  constant  was  a  penetrating  shooting  at  lower  end  of 
inner  side  of  1.  forearm;  heaviness  and  out-pressure  in  r.  side  of  head 
with  slight  drawing  burning   pain   in   border  of  right   lower  alveoli. 

I  The  very  fine  shooting  or  shooting  burning  pains  as  if  in  the  skin,  telt 


76 


ACONITUM^ 


sides  of  tongue,  as  from  aplithsc;  dryness  on  soft  paUte  and  constriction 
in  gullet,  not  going  off* on  drinking  cold  water.  This  lasted  ttlJ  after- 
noon and  interfered  with  speech*  Constant  flow  of  saliva  into  mouth, 
and  frequent   risings    from    scrobiculus  cordis;    he    feared   r*  »r 

vomiting.     Distaste  fur  wheaten  bread.     Frequent  attacks  ot  >s 

when  walking  and  driving.  Walking  and  speaking  tire  him,  he  fcrb 
very  exhausted.  At  noon  anorexia,  tongue  like  leather,  prostration  in 
e,,  mcrcased  heat  of  skin»  flying  stitches  along  sternum  and  bctwrcn 
ribs  ;  he  must  go  early  to  ocd  ;  sleep  restless,  broken,  not  refreshing. 
Though  he  had  drunk  much  did  not  urinate  at  night.  In  m.  urine  rc3^ 
and  when  passed  burning  in  orifice  of  urethra*  28th. — Better  after 
breakfast,  but  at  11  a.m.  violent  rigor  spreading  over  back  and  chest, 
also  recurrmg  very  disagreeably  on  least  movement  during  subsequent 
great  heat  (with  frontal  headache).  A  violent  cough  with  sharp 
stitches  in  various  parts  of  thorax  compelled  him  to  tie  always  on  his 
back,  as  lying  on  either  side  aggravated  it.  In  e.  as  if  stupefied  and 
very  cross;  at  n.  restless,  sweat  after  midnight  with  relief;  urine  as 
yesterday.  29th. — ^^Though  still  exhauscd  and  looking  ill,  went  about 
his  business.  At  3  p.m.  a  repetition  of  febrile  attack,  but  chill  is  weaker 
than  yesterday,  heat  more  moderate,  pulse  quick,  96,  frequent  cough, 
with  shaking  pain  of  whole  chest,  expectoration  occasionally  brownish 
red,  rust  coloured ;  sleep  better,  perspiration  profuse,  towards  m,  great 
relief,  ist  April. — After  constipation  for  3  d.  a  normal  stool  j  more 
frequent  micturition,  cough  rarer,  less  painful,  appetite  normal.  In 
akernoon  attack  of  chill  and  heat,  not  lasting  long  ;  n,  good.  From 
this  time  the  fever  disappeared.  For  some  d.  pressivc  pain  m  forehead 
and  drawing  pain  in  right  upper  arm.     (Ibid.) 

8.  <7.  Dr.  Gerstel  took,  5th  Jan.,  in  m.,  fasting,  6  drops  of  tinct, 
in  wal«er  without  effect.  6th. — 8  drops.  Soon  giddy  confusion  of 
he^d  in  r.  side  of  forehead  when  walking  in  open  air,  bruised  pain  in 
nape  on  moving  it,  as  if  confined  to  certain  muscles,  especially  in  e. 
and  at  n.  when  lying  down.  The  coryza,  previously  fluent,  became 
dry.  At  n.  in  sleep  feeling  of  dryness  in  mouth  and  fauces,  compelling 
him  to  drink  on  wakmg.  Soon  afterwards  profuse  but  transient  sweat 
all  over  body,  and  continued  unusual  transpiration,  and  again  in  m.pro* 
fuse  transient  sweat.  7th.^ — ^In  m.  10  drops.  Soon  transient  weari- 
ness of  legs  on  commencing  to  walk.  The  pain  in  nape  continues. 
Sth,  m.,  16  drops.  For  an  hour  cooling  burning  in  fauces,  after- 
wards in  tongue  as  from  pepper  or  saltpetre.  l*ain  in  nape  continues, 
loth,  noon,  20  drops.  Immediately  hot  feeling  in  chest,  and  dis- 
agreeable feeling  about  heart.  The  taste  of  pepper  in  fauces  came 
later,  nth. — At  10.30  p.m.,  20  drops.  Slept  restlessly  or  wake 
often  with  pepper  taste  in  mouth.  I2[h,  m.,  27  drops.  Some  head- 
ache, pressive  stupefying  pain  in  frontal  region,  getting  worse  about 
6  p.m.  A  pressing  out  in  temple,  with  fulness  in  forehead  and  prick- 
ling and  smartinj?  in  eyelids  as  in  commencing  catarrh  *,  at  same  time 
flush  of  heat.  Scraping  in  throat,  and  palpitation  of  heart.  The  pain 
in  nape,  which  had  ceased  for  three  days,  troubled  him  all  day.  13th 
and  14th. — No  symptoms,  15th*— Of  40  drops  in  a  glass  of  water^ 
with  100  drops  of  alcohol,  took  in  m.^  fasting,  a  fourth  part*     Continued 


ACONlTUxM. 


^ 


^ 
^ 


pepper  taste  on  tongue,  flow  of  water  into  mouth,  hot  feeling  in  and 
over  chest  j  pain  in  forehead  and  temples  ;  eructation  of  air  and  nausea 
from  stomach,  going  ofF  after  breakfast ;  violent  palpitation  of  heart 
with  disagreeable  feeling  in  cardiac  region  ;  tickling  itching  on  inner 
side  of  t  upper  arm  ;  burning  and  agreeable  warm  feeling  along  back 
of  1,  index  ;  cold  spreading  over  inside  of  lower  limbs  from  middle  of 
thighs  downwards,  especially  on  knees  and  feet,  then  pressing  pain  in 
1.  temple,  and  pressure  and  digging  in  chin.  After  i  h.  bruised  pain 
in  middle  of  thighs,  and  unusual  coldness  of  feet  even  in  room  and 
when  walking.  About  noon  took  same  dose.  Immediately  recurrence 
of  the  pain  in  1.  temple,  first  a  pressing,  then  a  slight  soreness,  at  same 
time  feeling  as  if  forehead  and  face>  especially  J*  side,  swelled.  This 
feeling  of  swelling  gradually  spreads  almost  all  over  body,  especially  L 
side,  and  is  accompanied  by  many  painful  sensations,  as  bruised  pain  of 
muscles,  bruised  feeling  or  pressure  in  bones,  sometimes  in  one  or  other 
rib,  sometimes  in  I.  arm.  The  1.  side  of  forehead,  face,  arms,  and 
upper  part  of  chest  is  longest  affected;  at  same  time  crampy  feeling  at 
heart.  Whilst  I.  cheek  feels  swollen  and  hot  it  is  cool  to  touch  ;  for- 
mication in  r.  cheek  and  r.  forearm.  From  I.  side  of  face  sensation 
spreads  to  ear,  a8  if  something  lay  before  it,  but  pain  seems  to  be  in  bone 
around  auricle.  Painful  feeling  in  thigh  and  arms  passes  gradually  into 
a  numb  sensation.  About  4  p.m.  a  constant  chilliness  or  even  coldness 
over  whole  body,  especially  in  feet  and  knees  ;  occasionally  when  swal- 
lowing aching  in  r.  Eustachian  tube  ;  soreness  and  itching  in  tarsal 
edges,  and  bruised  pain  in  various  parts  of  body.  Pulse  at  J. 30  67^ 
small,  easJy  compressible ;  about  4  p.m.  74,  beats  stronger.  About 
5  p.m,  pulse  102,  full,  and  hard.  Whilst  feeling  of  coolness  is  pre- 
dominant in  lower  limbs  an  agreeable  warmth  spreads  over  rest  of 
body,  with  transient  anxiety  and  warm  feeling  about  heart.  Burstin 
out  of  sweat  over  forehead  and  prsecordium.  Later  sweat  broke  out  al 
over  body,  especially  on  head,  nape,  chest,  and  abdomen,  while  feet 
remained  always  as  if  a  cool  wind  blew  on  them.  At  same  time  a 
pressure  on  upper  eyelids  of  both  eyes  alternately,  and  occasional  sen- 
sation as  If  whole  eyeball  were  pressed  into  orblt,^  so  that  eye  pained  as 
if  contused.  The  heat  of  body,  especially  face  (with  red  cheeks),  and 
the  tiresome  pains  In  forehead,  temples,  cycSy  and  nape  lasted  all  c,,  with 
very  accelerated  and  strong  hearts  beats.  About  6  p.m.  moderate 
thirst.  In  e.,  good  appetite,  slept  well,  and  in  m.  more  sweat.  i6th 
and  lyth.^ — Took  remainder  of  solution.  On  1 6th  felt  slight  sense  of 
coldness,  and  on  both  days  some  lassitude  and  pain  in  nape,  eycs^  and 
head. 

b,  23rd  Feb.— 40  drops  of  tinct.  in  water  at  once.  After  i  h. 
shooting  and  drawing  pain  in  1.  upper  and  lower  maxillaj,  in  r.  molars, 
in  both  tibiae  and  arms,  but  especially  in  L  side  of  nape  ;  at  same  time 
feeling  of  swelling  of  L  cheek,  pressure  in  stomach,  empty  eructation, 
burning  on  tii)  of  tongue  with  How  of  water  into  mouth,  all  in  rapid 
succession.  More  constant  was  a  penetrating  shooting  at  lower  end  of 
inner  side  of  1,  forearm  ^  heaviness  and  out-pressure  in  r,  side  of  head 
with  slight  drawing  burning  pain  in  border  of  right  lower  alveoli. 
The  very  fine  shooting  or  shooting  burning  pains  as  if  in  the  skin,  felt 


78 


ACONITUM 


in  various  parts  of  body,  were  sometimes  acGom panted  by  a  feeling 
heaviness^  numbness,  or  swelling.  A  continued  disagreeable  feeling 
about  heart,  as  if  a  heavy  body  lay  ihere  »  later  it  was  pressive  and 
burning  with  accompanying  pressure  and  flush  of  heat  over  back. 
Heaviness  and  confusion  of  head  with  tiresome  pressure  on  1.  eyeball. 
In  forenoon  while  walking  in  open  air  in  foggy,  nauggy  weatber,^ — 
chilliness  over  both  arms,  especially  1.  ;  continued  pressing  pain  in  !. 
shoulder,  apparently  in  conjunction  with  drawing  and  numb  sensation, 
in  L  occiput  and  posterior  external  aspect  of  L  upper  arm^  followed  by/ 
feeling  of  powerlessness  of  these  parts,  especially  of  the  upper  arm. 
About  II  a.m.  when  sitting  still,  agreeable  warmth,  especially  from 
back  over  whole  body,  with  moderate  sweat.  Continued  wearmess  of 
legs,  especially  on  going  upstairs*  When  walking  slight  pains  in  upper 
abdomen  and  fre(|uent  fruitless  calls  to  stool.  Very  frequent  micturi- 
tion ;  urine  hot  and  high  coloured,  tkxual  desire  several  times  very 
excited.  Went  to  bed  at  2  a.m.,  was  long  of  falling  asleep,  and  sleep 
was  not  sound;  vexatious  quarrelsome  dreams.  24th. — Had  slept 
but  little  J  in  forenoon  frequent  attacks  of  colic,  with  distension  of 
abdomen,  relieved  by  discharge  of  flatus  ;  at  same  time  exhaustion, 
frequent  slight  chillsovcr  back  and  thighs,  increased  urine.  Afternoon, 
during  stool,  cutting  in  bowels,  which  went  through  chest  like  sharp 
knife  stabs,  almost  compellmg  him  to  cry  out,  at  same  time  almost 
barrel- like  distension  of  abdomen.  After  pappy  stool  relief,  and  after 
disagreeable  feeling  of  burning  and  shooting  about  heart  felt  quite  well. 
That  n.  quiet  sleep*  27th, —  J  h.  after  breakfast  40  drops  in  water  at 
once.  Immediately  drawing  in  r.  side  of  nape;  feeling  of  pressure  on 
instep  of  r,  foot  j  as  if  something  lay  before  r.  ear  ;  pressure  in  fauces, . 
In  forenoon  frequent  fine  stitches,  aching  and  stoppage  in  left  ear^  as  ic 
catarrh.  Some  of  the  symptoms,  as  those  of  the  ear,  the  throat  pain^' 
the  flush  of  heat,  the  shooting  drawing  pains  in  1.  temple,  5:c.,  occur 
when  entering  the  room,  and  go  off  when  walking  in  open  air.  At 
noon  nauseous  taste  at  root  of  tongue,  that  goes  oft^  while  eating  and 
comes  back  thereafter  j  empty  eructation  j  some  pressure  in  stomach 
and  fauces,  with  slight  burning  and  flow  of  sahva.  Afternoon,  great 
discharge  of  flatus,  at  night  horrible  dreams.  Next  day,  28th,  several 
recurrences  of  the  disgusting  taste  in  mouth,  and  repeated  sexual 
extitement.  29th. — Well.  1st  March,- — At  11  a.m.,  50  drops  in 
water.  Only  a  few  transient  symptoms  occurred  :  weariness  of  leg 
pressure  in  I.  ejeball  and  r,  orbital  region  j  burning  in  fauces,  pressur 
in  stomach  ;  griping  in  upper  part  of  abdomen  with  distension  of 
abdomen ;  somewhat  increased  transpiration  with  general  warmth. 
Afternoon,  uncommon  fteling  of  comfort  in  whole  body.     {Ibid,) 

9.  Mrs,  Gerstel,  set*  30,  nervous  constitution,  sanguine  tern* 
perament,  always  well  except  occasional  periodic  prosopalgia,  nursing 
a  baby  9  m,  old.  a.  ioth  Feb.,  10  a.m.,  took  3  drops  of  tinct.  in  water. 
After  1  h.  heat  in  palms  and  face,  with  redness  of  both  cheeks  and 
feeling  as  if  tace  increased  in  size  ;  frequent  yawning  ;  at  noon,  little 
appetite.  Atter  a  short  siesta  in  afternooon  very  pale  face  with  icy 
coldness  01  hands.  At  5  p.m.  coldness  over  back  and  legs.  At  7  p,m, 
face  and   hands  warm  again  ;  pulse    68 ;    heaviness   in  forehead  an4'^ 


ACONITUM. 


79 


^ 
P 


^ 
^ 


I 


parietal  bones  ;  noise  is  intolerable  ;  coldness  over  limbs  j  a  momentary 
drawing  along  thighs^  with  long-continyed  discomfort  in  knees,  espe- 
cially 1,,  as  after  long  stooping.  All  afternoon  discomfort,  as  from 
deranged  stomach  ;  empty  eructations  ;  very  little  appetite  even  in  e. 
nth,  at  10  a,m.,  3  drops.  Sleep  stupefied,  confused  dreams^  can 
hardly  waken  properly*  I2ch* — In  m.  head  dazed  ;  at  noon  some  cold 
feeling  in  hands  and  feet  ;  afternoon,  heat  in  head,  checks,  and  hands  j 
variable  temperature  later;  appetite  good. 

^.  In  April,  the  baby  being  weaned  and  the  menses  having  occurred, 
took  20  drops  of  tinct,  in  water.  No  symptoms  immediately.  After 
several  days  there  appeared  on  face,  forehead,  nape  and  other  parts 
discrete  itching  vesicles,  the  si^e  of  a  pin's  head,  coming  out  for  a 
fortnight,  repeatedly  desiccating,   scaling  off,  and   then  disappearing, 

10.  a,  Dr  Maschauer,  on  28th  and  29th  Feb.,  i  h.  before  break- 
fast, took  each  d.  5  drops  of  tinct ;  no  symptoms,  ist,  2nd,  and  3rd 
March,  each  d.  10  drops  -,  each  d.  for  6  or  7  h.  continued  confusion  of 
head  ;  shivering  all  over  body  ;  the  1st  d.  only  once,  the  other  days  he 
was  so  cold  he  could  not  get  warm  at  the  fire  ;  nights  restless.  4th, 
fasting,  15  drops  J  in  half  an  hour,  while  sitting  quietly,  suddenly 
violent  palpitation  with  tight  feeling  in  chest ;  felt  as  if  boiling  water 
was  poured  into  the  chest,  immediately  afterwards  icy  coldness  through 
him,  he  felt  like  to  faint ;  this  lasted  5  m.  During  d.  frequently 
recurring  shivering  with  violent  headache  in  r.  temple;  n.  sleepless, 
5th, — Very  weak  and  prostrated,  but  took  in  m,  15  drops;  after 
2,  h.  palpitation  of  heart  lasting  all  d.,  worse  when  walking,  better 
when  at  rest.  At  5  p.m.  headache,  increasing  till  8  p.m.  to  a 
violent  pressure  in  both  parietal  regions,  disturbing  sleep,  and  lasting 
all  6th  ;  continued  shivering  ;  felt  very  weak  and  ill ;  e.  and  n.  some- 
what better.  7th.  — 15  drops;  all  d.  increased  thirst,  prostration,  heat, 
and  chilliness  ;  in  e.  pressive  headache  in  vertex,  pulse  full,  80  to  90  j 
n.  restless,  broken  by  frightful  dreams.  8th  and  9th,  no  medicine  ; 
headache  continued  ;  slight  stitches  dart  through  chest  ;  a  disagreeable 
scraping  in  throat  excites  dry  cough  ;  cold  and  heat  alternately  alt  d,  ; 
prostration,  frequent  waking  at  n.  10th  and  nth* — Each  d.  20 
drops  ;  dry  short  cough  both  d,  ;  dry  heat  throughout  body,  loth,  at 
n.,  much  thirst,  restless,  chilliness,  and  heat  till  m. ;  bitter  taste  all  d. 
in  mouth  and  scraping  in  throat  ;  cough  and  great  weakness  troubled 
him  13th  and  I4lh.  14th,  m.  and  c.,  to  drops;  all  d.  dry  heat  and 
weakness,  in  e.  rigor  and  headache  lasting  till  midnight,  quiet  slet?p, 
cough  abated*  15th  and  16th, — Each  d.  in  m.,  fasting,  20  drops  ;  both 
d.  bitter  taste  with  burning  in  mouth,  oppression  of  chest  as  if  a  great 
weight  lay  on  it  ;  first  n.  restless  ;  next  d.  great  weakness  and  chilliness  ; 
in  e.  pain  in  vertex  till  midnight,  then  quiet  sleep,  17th,  m.  and  e., 
15  drops  ;  during  d,  only  weak,  but  in  e.  oppression  of  chest,  dyspnoea, 
dry  short  cough,  much  thirst  with  chilliness  ;  at  n,  pressive  pain  in 
vertex,  very  restless;  next  d.  very  weak,  head  confused.  Cough  went 
off  on  i«th. 

if.  1 2th  April. —  I  h.  after  breakfast  40  drops;  and  13th  50  drops. 
The  first  d,  the  pepper  taste  ;  afternoon,  paralytic  drawing  in  legs,  heavi- 


8o 


ACONITUM. 


ncss  of  head  and  drowsiness  ;  next  d,  rructation  of  air,  feeling  as  iTsta- 
mach  were  alternately  distended  and  f^illen  in,  the  rise  and  fall  could 
be  distinctly  felt  with  the  hand  ;  very  anxiuus  ;  hcartS  beats  could  be 
distinctly  felt,  and  were  in  quick  succession,  pulse  slt*w,  almost  intcr- 
mittent;  this  lasted  3  m.|  then  he  must  quickly  sit  down  as  he  was 
unable  to  stand  longer  ;  all  d«  great  exhaustion,  in  e.  headache  in 
vertex  lasting  till  midnight.  14th. — 50  dropi  ;  less  exhausted  in  open 
air,  constant  drowsiness  in  room,  he  might  read,  write,  talk,  no  matter, 
there  came  on  irresistible  sleep  from  which  he  could  not  rouse  himsell^ 
without  great  effort ;  thoughts  distracted  ^  the  time  since  yesterday 
seemed  to  be  very  far  distant,  and  he  must  think  for  some  secondt 
before  he  could  remember  what  he  had  done  ;  after  a  meal  sudden 
vertigo,  so  that  he  must  support  hims^elf  and  sit  down  ;  n.  restless  *,  ;iU 
next  d,  exhaustion,  in  c.  for  2  h.  great  confusion  of  head.  l6th^  m*, 
60  drops  ;  all  d.  long  headache  and  painful  stitches  in  1.  upper  half  of 
thorax,  especially  on  inspiration,  dyspncra,  feeling  as  tf  a  catarrh  were 
commencing,  frequent  sneezing,  with  stitches  in  chest,  irresistible 
drowsiness,  even  when  walking,  at  n.  anxious  dreams,  on  waking  great 
exhaustion.  17th. — 60  drops  ;  catarrhal  feeling  as  yesterday,  dyspncea^ 
ameliorated  by  coughing ;  frequent  stitches  in  1.  side  of  chest,  much 
sleep  by  d.  and  n.,  distraction,  headache  in  crown  occasionally,  increased 
in  e.,  relieved  for  a  short  time  by  cold  washing  of  face  and  head. 
Throughout  next  d.  constant  disagreeable  restlessness,  wanted  some- 
times to  sir,  sometimes  to  stand,  sometin)es  walk,  does  not  know  what 
ails  him  ;  thoughts  distracted,  what  he  wishes  to  do  one  moment  he 
forgets  the  next  j  n.  sleep  restless,  19th,  m*,  40  drops,  after  t  h. 
again  40  drops  ;  taste  of  pepper  in  mouth,  especially  on  tip  of  tongue, 
then  plainly  felt  palpitation  of  heart,  heat  throughout  body,  feeling  of 
anxiety,  relief  after  drinking  water;  anxiety  soon  returns,  frels  as  if 
some  great  misfortune  would  befall  him  ;  vertigo,  even  to  make  him 
tall  i  cough  with  stitches  in  chest,  pulse  full,  quick.  Afternoon^  better, 
but  very  weak.  E.,  headache,  N,  quiet,  loih,^ — 80  drops  taken  in 
two  doses ;  burning  on  tongue,  empty  eructations  all  d.,  distension  of 
stomach,  which  is  sensitive  to  touch  »  headache  in  crown,  as  from 
pressure  of  a  heavy  weight,  only  going  off  in  e.  of  next  day  ;  after 
eating  sudden  vertigo,  most  catch  hold  of  something  to  support  him- 
self ;  periodical  stitches  through  chest,  accompanied  by  dry  short  cough  ; 
exhausted  feeling  ;  at  n.  constant  restlessness,  alternate  cold  and 
hear.  Next  d.,  besides  headache,  catarrhal  feeling  and  oppression  of 
chest,  with  some  cough  and  exhaustion.  In  n.  between  22nd  and  ijrd 
slept  well,  and  had  no  further  symptoms.     (/^/W.) 

1  J,  N,  N — ,  medical  student,  aet.  23,  sanguine  temperament,  deli- 
cate constitution^  troubled  during  past  year  with  palpitation  of  hearty 
for  which  aeon,  gave  speedy  relief,  since  then  in  good  health.  From 
J 4th  Feb.  to  3rd  March  inclusive  took  daily,  m.  and  e.,  from  14th  to 
i6th  10,  on  17th  15,  thence  till  22nd  i2,  from  22nd  to  27th  15,  from 
2Hth  till  m.  of  4th  March  20  drops.  No  symptoms  except  scraping 
in  fauces,  pepper-like  smarting  on  lips,  gradual  injection  of  palate  and 
tonsils  J  and  4th  March  tearing  all  thiough  forctrm,  wrist,  and  fingLTs 
of  r.    side.     5th,  m.,  24  drops.      Tearing  in   upper  arm  and  upper 


I 


ACONITUM. 


8i 


I 


I 


third  of  r,  thigh,  From  6th  to  13th  daily,  m,  and  e.,  on  14th  and 
15th  only  m.,  24  drops.  On  6th  scraping  hi  throat,  which  is 
injected  ;  e*»  tearing  in  r,  upper  arm  about  elbow-joint  and  in  thigh 
about  knee-joint  ;  on  7th,  afternoon,  a  sudden  tearing  in  1.  knee-joint 
lasting  10  m.  On  8th  and  9th  occasional  violent  tearing  alternately 
in  both  thighs,  in  r.  knee-joint,  and  r,  forearm.  Along  with  scraping 
in  throat  on  9th  uvula  and  r.  tonsil  were  much  injected,  loth. — On 
coming  into  open  air  i  h.  after  taking  medicine  violent  palpitation  of 
heart,  that  after  dinner  at  3  p,m*  and  8  p.m.,  oneh.  after  dose,  returned 
and  lasted  J  h.  Next  day  two  attacks  of  palpitation  of  heart,  pulse 
quicker  and  stronger  Sleep  during  whole  time  sound  and  dreamless 
as  usual.  lath,  afternoon,  violent  tearing  in  r.  arm  about  elbow- 
joint.  Both  tonsils  and  uvula  very  red,  scraping  in  throat.  13th, 
forenoon,  palpitation  of  heart  that  lasted  J  h.,  with  feeling  of  tight- 
ness of  chest.  Between  5  and  6  p,m,,  tearing  in  1.  shoulder*joint. 
Next  d.  at  10  a.m.  palpitation  of  heart,  hard  stool  after  3  d,  oi  con- 
stipation, 15th, — Only  scraping  in  throat,  ijth,  5  p.m.,  24 
drops.  After  2  h.  violent  and  quick  beating  of  heart  for  J  h.  18th 
drops.     The    ist  d.    in  afternoon,  tearing  in  whole 


and  19th,  m.,  20 
L  forearm.  2nd, 
palpitation    worse 


c,,  violent   palpitation  of  heart. 


20th,  afternoon, 
than  ever  with  great  anxiety  and  difficulty  of 
breathing.  Took  at  noon  20  drops,  when  it  became  less^  but  lasted 
slightly  all  d,  and  e.  ;  in  addition  tearing  and  formication  in  r*  arm. 
The  next  3  d.,  m.,  24  drops.  No  effect.  Therefore,  from  23rd 
to  26th  he  took  daily,  in  m.,  40  drops  ,  from  27th  to  8th  April  daily 
50  drops,  23rd. — Tearing  in  elbow.  The  next  2  d.  no  symptoms 
except  some  scraping  in  throat,  26th.— In  e.  violent  tearing  for  4  ^» 
27th. — After  i  h.  formication  along  I.  arm.  28th. — From  11  a.m*  till 
]  p.m.  very  violent  palpitation  of  heart ;  transient  coldness  with 
momentary  shivering,  followed  by  heat  and  sweat.  29th, — Besides 
tearing  in  elbow  for  10  m.  a  sudden,  transient,  but  violent  compressive 
pain  in  r.  upper  orbital  border,  30th. — No  symptoms*  31st, — Same 
symptoms  as  29th,  but  only  late  in  e.  j  also  pressure  on  1.  eyeball  as 
from  a  heavy  weight*  Tearing  in  orbital  border ;  this  ceased  follow- 
ing e.  2nd  April.^ — On  going  out  violent  palpitation  of  heart.  3rd, 
forenoon,  prcssivc  tearing  pain  in  1.  orbit,  like  constriction,  as  if 
eyeball  would  be  pressed  out.  This  was  repeated  5th  and  6th. 
7th,  m.,  i  h.  after  dose  violent  palpitation  of  heart  lasting  ^  h., 
with  great  anxiety  and  dyspnoea,  also  the  pain  in  r.  orbit.  After  a 
walk  of  J  h.  marked  exhaustion  of  extremities,  increased  on  again 
walking  in  afternoon.  When  at  rest  rigor,  lasting  from  5  to  10  m., 
followed  by  considerable  but  transient  heat  and  rather  profuse  perspira- 
tion ;  at  same  time  heaviness  of  head  and  a  vertiginous  swaying  and 
Swinging  of  head.  9th. — At  6.30  a.m.  70  drops.  After  i  h.  palpita- 
tion of  heart  and  great  oppression,  feeling  of  pressure  in  r.  orbit,  and 
heaviness  of  head  j  he  feels  as  if  tipsy,  and  quite  unable  to  study, 
loth,  7,30  a.m.,  50  drops.  Soon  afterwards  palpitation  of  heart  with 
great  oppression  ;  all  d.  heaviness  of  head,  giddiness  ;  roaring  m  head 
and  ears,  increased  by  reading ;   he  staggers  as  if  tipsy  or  as  if  he  had 


had  a  violent  contusion  on  head,     itth,  m.^  50  drops. 


Tearing  in 
6 


thoughts  distracted  ;  the  t 
far  distant)  and  he  must  thin 
he  could  remember  what  he  had  done  j  s 
vcrtigqi  fo  dtat  he  must  support  himself  and  sit  do 
next  ft.  czbatistioo^  in  e.  for  2  h.  great  confusion 
60  lirDps  ;  aQ  d.  locig  headache  and  painful  stitchc 
dMiraz^  c^iccta%  00  inspiration,  dyspncea^  feeling 
commeDcsog:,  frequent  sneezing,  with  stitches  i 
diomskoess^  even  when  walking,  at  n.  anxious  dm 
edHUBCKNi*  1 7tb. — 60  drops  ^  catarrhal  feelingfl 
aoelionted  b]r  coughmg ;  frequent  stitches  in  iT 
sleep  by  d.  and  n^  distraction,  headache  in  crown  o^ 
in  c^  fdicred  for  a  short  time  by  cold  washinj 
TluTWghcMit  next  d,  constant  disagreeable  restle 
diDcs  to  sir,  sometimes  to  stand,  sometimes  waT' 
ails  kiim  i  thoughts  distracted,  what  he  wishes] 
foffcts  the  next  ^  a.  sleep  restless,  19th, 
Mgam.  40  dro|)5  ;  taste  of  pepper  in  mouth,  espec 
tbco  pbmlr  fch  palpitation  of  heart,  heat  throu 
anxictjY  relief  alter  drinking  water ;  anxiety 
socne  great  misforttme  would  belall  him  ;  vertil 
tall  i  co«^  with  stitches  in  chest,  pulse  full,  quici 
but  very  weak.  E.,  headache,  N,  quiet,  2c 
two  doses  J  burning  on  tongue,  empty  cructatic 
scomach,  which  is  sensitive  to  touch  ;  heada 
pressure  of  a  heavy  weight,  only  going  off  inl 
eatmg  sudden  vertigo,  must  catch  hold  of 
self  I  periodica]  stitches  through  chest,  accom panic 
exhausted  feeling ;  at  n.  constant  restlessne 
heat.  Next  d,,  besides  headache,  catarrhal  fei 
chest,  with  some  cough  and  exhaustion.     In  n. 


restlea 
^alifl 

»peci!i 
f'oua) 

"» 

uick. 
ticfl 

omct! 
laiiioii 

i 


ACONITUM* 


r,  forearm  worse  than  ever,  lasting  from  i  f  .30  a,m.  till  5  p.m*,  at  same 
time  continued  gidJiness.  At  8.30  |>*m.  50  drops*  I'cann^  rc|)eatc{| 
tilJ  midnight.  12th, — 100  drops  j  no  symptoms.  13th,  at  6,30  sum*, 
lao  drops.  From  1045  a.m.  till  4,30  p.m.  constant  feeling  af  tearing 
in  all  1.  forearm,  hand,  and  fingers.  This  symptom  reappeared  next 
d.  at  same  time  and  with  equal  intensity,  but  was  limited  to  forearm, 
and  lasted  only  till  3  p.m.  At  &ame  time  quickened  heart's  beats  and 
difficult  breathing.  The  following  d.  no  symptoms-  i6th* — Onl/ 
the  cardiac  and  respiratory  symptoms  appeared,  17th,  foreitcx»n, 
from  10  a.m.  onwards  pressive  pain  over  whole  craiitai  vaults  as  if 
equally  compressed  from  all  sides,  the  pain  is  sometimes  concentrated 
with  the  greatest  intensity  in  l«  orbit.  This  lasted  till  I  p.m.|  came 
on  next  d.  at  same  hour  with  still  greater  violence,  declined  about  noon, 
and  went  oflF  completely  during  dinner  at  t  p.m.,  but  returned  with 
equal  violence  about  3  p.m.  In  forenoon  it  was  accompanied  by^  tear- 
ing  in  forearm,  great  anxiety,  and  dyspnoea,  19th,  20th,  and  ai$i.^ 
No  symptoms-  After  irregular  intcrv4ts  of  3, 4,  and  5  d.  there  occurred 
occasionally  during  d.  some  tearing  in  various  pares,  chiefly  in  1.  fore-j 
arm,  gradually  growing  slighter.  The  palpitation  occurred  occasionally^ 
and  at  length  went  off  completely.  Even  after  a  month  the  tearing' 
was  occasionally  felt.     {Ibid,) 

12.  a.  Dr.  R£t5iNGCR  took  from  5th  till  isth  Jan.,  daily,  5  drops  of 
ttnct.  4  h.  before  breakfast.  On  2nd  d.  slight  formication  with  warm, 
feeling  in  1.  index  and  middle  finger  \  at  same  time  painful  drawing^ 
in  r,  cervical  and  nape  muscles,  which  went  off  during  n.  I  oth* — Slight' 
transient  shiver  over  back  \  shooting  and  tension  in  gastric  region  for 
several  h.,  very  like  flatulent  colic  after  a  full  meaL  j8th. — 10  drops^J 
3  times,  \  h.  after  breakfast,  at  noon,  and  at  4.30  p.m.  Woke  froni| 
afternoon  siesta  (which  always  made  him  warm)  with  chilly  feeling  all 
over  body  and  cold  r.  upper  arm,  1.  being  moderately  warm,  Th# ' 
chill  lasted  while  walking  in  open  air  and  in  warm  room  till  7  p.m.^ 
when  it  cave  place  to  transient  disagreeable  warmth,  as  in  catarrhal 
fever.  From  19th  till  27th  daily,  m.  and  afternoon,  10  drops*  No 
symptoms  except  empty  eructation  after  each  dose,  and  twice  slight 
pressing  headache  in  r,  temporal  region.  28th,  29th,  and  31st,  m,^ 
20  drops.  28th, — All  d.,  increased  feeling  of  warmth,  exhaustion  of 
head,  small  appetite  \  c.,  before  going  to  bed,  increased  heat,  full  quick 
pulse.  When  sitting  still  felt  beating  of  carotid  and  temporal  arteries* 
No  desire  to  go  to  bed  ;  when  he  went  to  bed  at  i  a.m.  felt  need  to 
sleep,  but  could  not  sleep  ;  increased  disagreeable  heat  of  whole  body, 
especially  of  lower  extremities  ;  sweat  on  inner  surface  of  thighs,  over 
scrotum,  and  violent  itching  there  compelling  him  to  scratch  tilJ  blood 
came,  somewhat  allayed  by  cold  washing.  In  the  half-sleep  that  lasted 
till  m.,  troubled  with  confused  fantastic  dreams.  29th,  forenoon, 
sweating  and  itching  on  scrotum  j  in  e.  and  through  n*  troublesome 
heat,  n.  sleepless  with  dreams  ;  the  following  n*  less,  but  still  very 
restless,  31st. — Momentary  pain  in  r.  hip,  that  went  off  when  walk^ 
ing  in  open  air.  From  ist  till  4th  Feb.,  daily,  40  drops,  i  h.  after 
breakfast.  4th* — Transient  slight  pressing  pain  in  r,  temporal  region, 
a  similar  transient  pain  in  n  abdommal  parictes,  as  from  flatulence^  % 


ACONITUM. 


H 


or  3  times  during  d.  This  latter  came  on  the  next  3  d.  in  L  side.  7ih, 
c.,  chilliness  followed  by  slight  warm  feeling,  ending  at  n,  in  profuse 
sweat.  Hth,  9th,  and  lOth. — Daily,  40  drops,  return  of  the  periodical 
pains  in  abdomen,  iith. — 60  drops.  All  d,  very  depressed  spirits  ; 
e.,  for  5  or  6  h,  pain  in  cervical  muscles  and  shoulderjoint,  so  that  he 
could  not  move  arm  backwards  without  great  pain.  Sound  sleep  at  n* 
I2th>  i3th^  I4th*^ — No  medicine.  14th. — Noon,  slight  griping  in 
belly  i  n,,  sudden  slight  prickling  in  tips  of  fingers  and  toes,  frequently 
recurring.  15th. — 60  drops.  Only  astringent  taste  and  hawking  of 
fluid  saliva* 

h*  i8ch  March. — 60  drops.  After  i  h*  violent  pain  in  1.  eyebrow,  as 
if  head  were  split  with  a  wedge,  lasting  more  or  less  all  forenoon  ; 
frequent  eructation,  with  taste  of  medicine  ;  prickling  and  burning  in 
tongue,  as  from  pepper  or  much  tobacco  smoking.  These  symptoms 
felt  equally  when  walking  in  open  air,  and  in  the  room.  Woke  from 
afternoon  siesta  with  slight  transient  shooting  \n  I.  upper  part  of  chest, 
as  from  flatulence  ;  c.,  confusion  of  head,  difficulty  of  getting  to  sleep  ; 
quiet  n.  19th.' — 80  drops  in  water*  After  \  h.  feeling  of  burning  and 
heat  in  lung,  not  affecting  breath,  felt  as  if  a  hot  fluid  would  rise  into 
mouth,  at  same  time  constant  burning  and  manifest  swelling  of  tongue, 
as  after  pepper  or  peppermint,  with  feeling  as  if  cold  air  passed  over  it  j 
frequent  increased  secretion  of  watery  saliva,  almost  like  salivation, 
lasting  4  h.  At  same  time  the  wedge-like  forcing  asunder  headache, 
worse  in  room  than  in  open  air.  Very  anxious  and  giddy ;  slight 
chilliness  over  back,  with  numb  feeling  on  sacrum  to  lower  extremities  ; 
when  sitting  or  standing  the  lower  limbs  feel  as  if  asleep,  or  as  if 
adherent  to  the  ground  ;  this  went  oflF  immediately  on  walking,  but 
recurred  at  once  on  sitting  down  or  standing  still }  lasted  4  h.  Frequent 
emission  of  urine  as  clear  as  water,  though  he  had  drunk  nothing  but 
the  medicine.  At  noon  felt  well  ;  e.,  slightly  increased  cutaneous  tem- 
perature i  n»  tolerably  quiet  ;  next  d.  no  symptoms  except  those  of 
the  mouth,  21st. — ^AU  the  symptoms  of  the  19th  returned  in  the 
same  order,  only  slighter  and  shorter.  22nd, — ^100  drops  in  water. 
After  I  h.  burning  pain  in  tongue,  increasing  every  m.,  with  consider- 
able flow  of  saliva,  for  4  h.  ;  anxious  feeling  in  scrobiculus  cordis,  with 
vertigo,  especially  in  warm  room  ;  constant  chilliness  in  back  with 
cold  extremities,  even  in  warm  room,  as  before  a  catarrhal  fever  breaks 
out,  for  I  h,  ;  depression,  out  of  humour,  very  hard  stool,  sore  feeling 
in  anus.  Next  2  d.,  no  medicine,  no  symptoms.  25th* — 120  drops 
in  water.  For  ^  h.  a  hot  burning  from  stomach  up  through  cesophagus  ; 
the  head,  tongue,  and  saliva  symptoms,  as  also  the  chilliness  over  back 
and  lower  limbs,  as  before,  feet  as  heavy  as  lead  when  sitting  and 
standing  j  toes  of  r.  foot  went  to  sleep  when  walking ;  anxious  trem- 
blint^,  like  vertigo,  boiling  and  simmering  through  body  as  if  hands 
and  feet  would  go  to  sleep,  or  as  when  one  is  on  the  point  of  becoming 
intoxicated  with  wine,  always  accompanied  by  a  disagreeable  cold  feel- 
ing. The  2  next  d.  prostration,  confusion  of  head,  and  in  e.  greatly 
increased  temperature  of  body,  with  swollen  cutaneous  veins.  28th. — 
140  drops  in  water,  Vertigo  for  4  h,,  burning  of  tongue.  Salivation, 
burning  in  stomach,  and  along  (^esophagus.      Vertigo  aiid  stupefaction, 


ACONITUM 


general  anxiety  as  if  the  blood  would  come  out  of  all  the  vessels^ 
accompanied  by  constant  chilliness  and  cold  face  even  in  warm  room, 
better  in  the  afri  and  when  moving  j  stumbling  of  legs,  and  feet  as 
heavy  as  lead,  8o  chat  he  could  scarcely  walk.  Longs  to  be  better,  ts 
cross,  everything  is  disagreeable  to  him  ;  c.,  momentary  shooting  ajid 
drawing  tn  sacrum,  frequently  recurring  next  d*,  especially  when  at 
rest.  30th. — 140  drops.  No  symptom  except  slight  burning  of 
tongue,  confusion  of  head,  dryness  of  fauces,  with  slight  increase  of 
iaiiva.  1st  April. — 200  drops.  The  usual  symptoms  of  tongue  and 
saliva,  somewhat  less  than  on  previous  d.  ;  heaviness  and  weariness  of 
limbs,  slight  chilliness  over  bacic,  cold  feeling  of  face,  which  is  hot  to 
the  touch  j  quiet  sleep  at  n.  The  next  3  d.,  in  which  he  took  no 
medicine,  daily  headache  in  afternoon,  and  rather  restless  nights,  ftlw 
—160  drops  in  water.  After  ^  h.  disgusting  sweet  ta&te  in  iaucc$, 
sometimes  causing  hawking  of  viscid  mucus,  sometimes  swallowing  of 
it  i  sensation  as  if  viscid  mucus  were  hanging  from  uvula,  causing 
inclination  to  vomit  for  i  h«  »  then  the  ustial  pepper  taste,  that  spread 
from  root  of  tongue  gradually  all  over  tongue  i  at  same  time  increased 
flow  of  saliva,  when  the  sweet  taste  went  oflFi  dryness  of  fauces  with 
irritation  to  cough  that  can  be  suppressed.  A  kind  of  numb  fcnsatio4i 
spread  from  teeth  over  cherk-bones  to  external  cant h us  of  eye^  and 
then  over  almost  all  the  body.  The  brain  seemed  to  be  too  large  and 
pressed  forcibly  on  the  skull  y  at  same  time  chilliness  over  back  with 
predominant  coldness  and  paleness  of  face*  All  this  lasted  4  to  5  h., 
even  during  a  warm  bath.  The  numb  feeling  of  the  extremities  when 
at  rest  went  oft  by  walking.  Excessive  weakness  of  limbs  ;  staggering 
(  of  knees  ;  general  laziness  so  that  he  must  drive  to  his  business  j  fre* 
quent  ill-smelling  eructation  with  taste  of  medicine,  which  always 
relieved  a  tensive  feeling  in  pit  of  stomach  ;  vertigo  as  from  slight 
intoxication,  with  great  distraction  of  thoughts,  so  that  when  seeing 
patients  he  often  became  anxious  ;  aggravation  in  room  or  when  at 
rest,  amelioration  in  open  air  and  when  moving.  The  next  a  d* 
transient  slight  drawing  shooting  pains  in  I.  chest,  1.  ear,  and  later  1, 
knee-joint.  8th, —  loH  drops.  After  i  h.  the  usual  phenomena  in 
mouth,  fauces,  oesophagus,  stomach,  teeth,  and  face.  The  wedge- like 
bursting  pain  in  temporal  region  slighter,  and  more  of  a  dull  stupefying 
sensation,  making  thinking  almost  impossible,  and  causing  a  peculiar 
anxious  feeling.  During  internal  chilliness  from  back  over  lower 
limbs,  whilst  upper  limbs  are  warm,  cold  sweat  occurs  ;  face  is  icy  cold 
to  the  touch.  The  numb  feeling  of  lower  limbs,  especially  of  feet  and 
toes,  stronger  than  ever,  and  even  while  walking,  so  that  he  must 
often  stand  still,  in  order  to  get  rid  of  this  feeling  by  moving  feet  back* 
wards  and  forwards.  All  this  lasted  4  h.  Appetite,  throat,  and  other 
functions  unaffected.  In  e,,  when  at  rest  in  unhealed  room,  sensibly 
increased  warmth,  quicker  pulse,  manifest  catarrhal  symptoms  ;  legs  as 
heavy  as  lead^  especially  on  going  up  stairs  ^  staggering,  general  laziness. 

13.  Dn  RoTHAKSL  took,  4th  Feb,,  7  a.m»,  i  h.  before  breakfast^  6 
drops  of  tinct.j  increased  daily  by  i  drop,  so  that  by  13th  he  took  15 
drops*     From  5th  to  12th  the  symptoms  were:  Every  n.  excessive 


ACONITUM. 


85 


restlessnesSi  generally  slept  some  h.  before  midniglit,  and  then  restlessly 
and  disturbed  by  heavy  dreams  ;  the  remainder  of  the  n.  sleepless,  but 
continual  very  vivid  fantasies  prevented  full  consciousness.  Great  dry- 
ness of  the  body  and  burning  itching,  especially  on  inner  sides  of  thighs 
and  round  knees,  that  did  not  permit  a  moment's  rest.  5th. — Vertigo 
on  stooping,  vision  of  sparks,  mist  before  eyes.  6th. — Roughness  in 
throat  (soon  after  dose),  frequent  secretion  of  mucus  from  larynx  j 
afternoon,  drawing  and  paralytic  stiffness  in  r,  upper  arm,  for  i  h. 
8th. — Heaviness  of  head,  giddiness,  tinnitus  aurium,  especially  when 
yawning,  which  occurred  frequently.  9th,  forenoon,  for  2  h.,  irri- 
tation to  cough  in  larynx,  cough  dry.  illh. — Vertigo  and  tinnitus 
aurium,  13th, — After  midnight  wakened  by  violent  rigor;  it  came  in 
fits  every  5  m.,  went  from  priccordial  region  and  was  lost  in  extremi- 
ties. Slept  after  each  attack  of  rigor,  and  was  disagreeably  awoke  by 
each  new  attack.  This  lasted  2  h»,  then  burning  dry  heat,  pulse 
febrile  (heard  it  in  head).  On  awaking  in  m.  was  bathed  in  sweat* 
14th  and  15th. — Unusual  weariness,  i6th,^ — Violent  stitches  in  region 
of  8th,  9th,  and  loth  ribs,  at  first  I.  then  r.  ;  oppression  of  chest.  In 
e.  a  very  severe  burning  stitch  in  I,  half  of  chest,  17th. — The  shooting 
pains  lasted  all  d.  in  slighter  degree,  and  sometimes  extended  to  loins, 
l8th. — Tension  in  1.  patella,  transient  stitches  in  r.  half  of  chest, 
f9th. — At  12.45,  rigor,  lasting  i  h.  as  on  13th,  then  excessively  pro- 
fuse sweat  that  completely  soaked  the  bedclothes,  till  m. »  sleepless- 
ness ;  in  m.  fluent  coryza  ;  all  d.  great  exhaustion  i  tension  first  in  h 
then  in  r.  patella,  that  rendered  going  down  stairs  difficult ;  e,,  ten- 
sive pain  only  in  n  patella,  which  lasted  till  22nd.  2oth. — Rigor  in  n*, 
thereafter  dry  hot  skin  and  sweat,  but  not  so  profuse  as  yesterday,  great 
prostration  during  day  ;  coryza  continues.  2ist  and  22nd. — Restless 
sleep  ;  dry  cough,  especially  violent  in  warm  room  ;  heaviness  on 
chest  ;  bruised  pain  between  shoulders  ;  excessive  weariness.  23rd. 
—  Dull  pain  in  temples  ;  hoarseness  ;  dry  cough  ;  dry  feeling  in  wind- 
pipe (afternoon)  j  twice  he  expectorated  thin  white  mucus  mixed  with 
streaks  of  bright  red  blood  ;  bruised  pain  betwixt  shoulders.  24th. — 
Coryza  continues  ;  cough  with  scanty  frothy  mucous  expectoration  j 
tension  in  r,  patella.  27th.— Violent  headache,  especially  in  r,  half 
of  forehead  ;  coryza  continues ;  cough  violent,  with  peculiar  dull 
tone,  very  fatiguing  to  chest,  rather  dry,  rare  expectoration  of  thin 
white  mucus  ;  e.,  chilliness  in  warm  room  ;  constant  irritation  to 
cough,  28th,  n.  very  restless.  The  frequent  cough  caused  aching 
and  burning  pains  in  course  of  windpipe  down  to  scrobiculus  cordis. 
In  m.  often  hoarse,  and  so  much  plagued  by  harassing  dry  cough, 
[especially  in  warmth,  that  he  felt  he  must  lie  down.  About  n  a.m., 
shooting  pain  in  r.  upper  orbital  border,  that  spread  in  dendritic  form 
thence  upwards  over  forehead  to  hairy  scalp,  sideways  to  r.  temple,  and 
down  to  cheek,  and  two  or  three  molars,  increased  by  pressure,  and 
became  so  violent  towards  e,,  when  cough  became  constant,  that  all 
other  symptoms  appeared  insignificant,  and  it  could  hardly  be  borne- 
Complexion  very  redy  face  hot,  eyes  sparkling*  Next  n.  pretty  good* 
1st  March. — The  supraorbital  region  was  somewhat  swollen  in  the 
m.  J  a  dull   shooting  pain  was  felt  on  strong  pressure.     Dry  cough 


ACONITUM, 


returned  frc^ucT^l]y,  Felt  very  much  exhausted,  and  could  not  occii|]]H 
himself  with  reading*  and. — The  pain  over  r.  eye  only  felt  ofln 
pressure  ;  cough  violent.  Every  breath  of  fresh  air  did  him  good.  At 
ji.  the  peculiar  rigor  that  had  not  occurrc<l  since  aoth  Feb,,  came  oii_ 
also  the  tension  in  r.  patella,  that  had  troubled  him  at  first,  became  verw 
bad  on  3rd  March*      After  this  the  symptoms  gradually  went  off.     {  A^/VjH 

14*  a.   Dr.    F.   ScHWARz,    ;et.    29,  sanguine    temperament,    con|9 
menced  3rd  Jan.  with  3  drops  of  tinct.,  increased  the  dose  daily  by   n 
drop  till  8th,  then  till  14th  by  2  drops,  on  which  d.  he  took  t6  dropsfl 
On  1 8th  began  with  25  drops,  increased  the  dose  daily  by  3  to  4  dropi^ 
so  that   on   22nd   he  took  40  drops,  and  on  24th  24  drops.      VVhefi^ 
taking  20  drops  felt  warmth  in  mouth,  relieved  by  drawing  in  air^aa  from 
taking  peppermint.     This  went  off'  after  i   h.     After  30  drops,  slighn 
burning   from   lips  to  fauces  ;    mucous  membrane  of  mouth    slightl^| 
injcctca  ;   roughness  in  throat,  especially  in  posterior  nares,  compelling 
frequent  hawking,  with  feeling  as  if  viscid  mucus  was  drawn  through 
choanx,  and  a  tiresome  dryness  mcreased  by  smoking  tobacco.     PainfuH 
epots  on   hairy  scalp,  sensitive  to  touch  and   cold  air,  and  espectuUy** 
strong  wind,  like  rheumatism.     All  went  off  in  3  h,     6th  Feb, — 20 
drops  \  from  9th  till  1 2lh  increased  dose  daily  by  10  drops  i  left  off  till 
22nd,  when  he   took    50  drops,  24th  70  drops,  and  26th    130  drops. 
The   above   symptoms  occurred  in  same    manner ;  after  50  drops   in 
greater  intensity  and  lasting  longer,  especially  burning  in   buccal  cavity 
as  from   pepper,  which   after  70  drops  lasted  till  next  m.     During  all 
the  time  excessively  increased    sexual  desire,     Hth  March,  8  a,m,,    I  DO 
drops.     Violent  scraping  and  burning  in  throat,  as  from  cayenne  pepper. 
After  I  h.,  coldness  over  back  and  extremities,  with  sensible  coldn^tfl 
as  if  under  skin,  and  slight  rigors  In  short  fits  till  5   p.m.  ;  at  sann^ 
time  rtying  stitches  in  back  of  hand  and  dorsum  of  foot,  and  between 
scapulae ;    in  e.    feeling    of   weight    under   sternum,  preventing    deep 
breathing,  like  a  peculiar  painful  but   transient  pressure  from  sternum 
to  spine  ;  occasional  flying  stitches  in  the  1.  pectoralis  major  and  inter- 
costal   muscles,  also  under  scalp.     9th. — 140  drops,  same  symptums. 
12th,   10    p.m.,  260    drops.     Besides    above   symptoms   cxtraordin^cry 
restlessness,  constant  tossing  about  in  bed  and  sleeplessness  till  3  a.m.  j 
alternate  heat   and   cold,  in   places  goose-skin,  which   went  on  when 
sweat  appeared.     At  same  time  constant  eructations  of  air,  with  taste 
of  alcohol  ;  very  violent  heartburn  i  frequent  yawning  and  stretching 
of  limbs  ;  pressure,  especially  on   r.  side  of  chest  j  quickened  respira- 
tion ;    pulse   full,   strong,   and   quick.      When  sweat  became  general, 
symptoms  declmed.     Next  m.  felt  quite  well,  except  for  a  pretty  severe 
shooting  in  fossa  navicularis,  which   was  always  most   marked  when 
urinating.     After  8  d.  this  symptom  at  length  disappeared. 

A.  24th. — ^400  drops.  Immediately  violent  burntn?  from  mouth  to 
stomach,  with  taste  of  alcohol.  This  declined  gradaally,  but,  together 
with  eructation  that  appeared  later,  lasted  all  d.  After  i  h.  the  con- 
stant burning  in  tongue,  as  after  excessive  use  of  pepper,  was  particu- 
larly observable,  increased  in  intensity  for  4  h.,  and  together  with  the 
other  symptoms  gradually  declined  till  e.  The  soft  palate,  tonsils^  and 
posterior  surface  of  fauces   were    slightly   reddened,  with    feeling   of 


ACONITUM. 


87 


warmth  extending  from  lips,  which  quickly  became  dry,  to  deep  into 
oesophagus.  Drawing  in  air  caused  agreeable  coolness.  Slight  «hiver- 
ing  over  lower,  then  over  upper  extremities,  with  goose-skin  in  these 
parts,  which  became  more  general  and  stronger  as  the  cold  extended. 
The  shivering  is  felt  especially  between  skin  and  muscles,  increases  in 
intensity,  so  that  rigor  comes  on^  whenever  he  keeps  quiet.  On 
moving  briskly,  walking  quickly  in  open  air,  all  the  symptoms  decline, 
but  return  immediately  with  double  strength  when  standing  or  lying ; 
at  same  time  extraordinary  prostration,  indifference,  distaste  to  all  sorts 
of  work,  crossness,  and  sensitive  irritability.  Appetite  gone,  eating 
dues  not  relieve  the  troublesome  eructation  of  hot  air  with  taste  of 
alcohol  J  but  soup  or  meat  causes  loathings  In  afternoon  these  sym- 
ptoms attained  their  height ;  the  rigor  was  so  severe  that  he  must  lie 
down  ;  icy  coldness  comes  on  ;  he  is  chilly  under  two  blankets.  At 
same  time  throbbing  in  temporal  arteries,  and  feeling  as  if  hair  stood  on 
end.  These  spots  were  sensitive  to  touch.  Slight  burning  in  eyes, 
twitching  and  vision  of  sparks  j  occasionally  roaring  in  ears,  with 
sensitiveness  to  any  noise.  Breath  hot,  respiration  quick,  at  each  deep 
breath  oppression,  anxiety  and  painful  stitches  betwixt  scapulae,  on  one 
side  or  other  of  chest,  mostly  r.,  but  most  severe  from  scapula?  to  spine  ; 
pulse  strong,  full,  slightly  quickened  (85,  usually  70),  With  increase 
of  cold  very  frequent  yawning  and  stretching  of  limbs  every  minute, 
during  latter  symptom  the  limbs,  during  former  the  breathing  seemed 
too  short.  Towards  5  p.m.  coldness  gives  place  to  warmth,  occasionally 
interrupted  by  slight  shivering.  During  increase  of  heat,  which  ended 
with  slight  sweat,  the  sexual  desire  was  much  increased.  He  could 
only  get  rid  of  erections  by  getting  out  of  bed.  All  symptoms  declined 
about  7  p.m.,  except  violent  shooting  in  glans  penis  when  urinating, 
with  emission  of  hot  dark  urine  j   this    only  disappeared  oji   3rd  d* 

15.  Dr,  J.  STERz,'aet,  27,  sanguine  temperament.  ^.  tst  February, 
10  am,,  3  drops  of  tinct.  Afternoon,  contused  pain  in  r.  testicle; 
e.,  weakness  of  knees  ;  n.,  many  dreams.  3rd. — 5  drops;  same  sym- 
ptoms of  knees  and  sleep.  4th, — 7  drops  ;  same  symptoms  ;  after 
midnight,  burning  about  navel,  lasting  i  h.  ;  abdomen  tense  and  dis- 
tended ;  great  discharge  of  flatus.  5th. — 10  drops;  eruption  of  red 
pimples  on  flexor  side  of  thumb,  index  and  middle  finger,  painful  when 
Ipressed  ;  e.,  weakness  of  knees  ;  n.,  many  dreams,  oppression  of  chest, 
rcompelling  frequent  inspirations.  6th, — 15  drops ;  afternoon,  abdomen 
distended  with  flatulence  and  tense  ;  great  discharge  of  flatus ;  e., 
weakness  of  knees,  with  frequent  stitches  in  I.  knee,  frequent  yawning, 
scraping  in  throat,  feeling  as  if  something  were  sticking  in  fauces, 
causing  frequent  swallowing ;  confusion  in  forehead  ;  jerking  pain  in 
nape,  with  feeling  of  stiffness  ;  aching  pain  in  sacrum  ;  very  perceptible 
lieart's  beats  when  sitting  still  and  lying;  n,,  many  dreams,  with 
oppression  of  chest  and  frequent  deep  inspiration.  7th. — 20  drops  ; 
after  l  h.  redness  and  heat  of  face,  lasting  i  h. ;  coryza  with  flow  of 
thin  mucus  ;  feeling  as  if  larynx  were  compressed  from  both  sides. 
The  e,  weakness  of  knees  extends  over  r,  thigh  and  leg;  contused 
pain  in  r.  testicle;  tightness  and  pressive  tccling  in  chest,  especially  in 


88  ACOXITUM. 

r.  thoracic  cavity  posteriorly  and  infcriorly  (in  lower  lobe  of  lung)  ; 
frequent    deep    breaching ;    bruised    pain   in   r.  elbow-joint  ;  abdomen 
tense,  and  distended  by  flatulence  ;  heart's  beats  distinctly    felt  when 
sitting  still ;  chilliness  between  7  and  8  p.m.  ;  at  n.  many  dreams  and 
oppression   of  chest.     8th. — No   medicine ;    forenoon,  contused    pain 
of  I.  testicle ;  afternoon,  flatulent  sufferings ;  between  6  and  7  p.m. 
chilliness;  n.,  tightness    of  chest,   with    many  dreams;    pimples   on 
fingers  unaltered.     9th,  n.  troubled  with  frightful  dreams  that  remain 
long  in  the  memory.     The  pimples  went  off  on  loth.     16th,  at  lo  a.m., 
10  drops  ;  afternoon,  troubled  with  flatulence ;  dull  shooting  pain  in 
navicular  depression  of  urethra,  lasting  3  h. ;  n.,  many  dreams.      1 7tb.— 
15  drops;  afternoon,  weakness  in  r.  knee  and  1.  elbow-Joint;  single 
stitches  in  abdomen  and  cardiac  region ;  e.,  contused  pain  m  r.  testicfe ; 
n.,  many  dreams  and  oppression  of  chest,  with  frequent  deep  breathing. 
1 8th. — No  medicine  ;  forenoon,  hard  stool  and  press! ve  pain  in  sacrum, 
increased  by  stooping  ;  oppression  of  chest ;  afternoon,  troubled  ^th 
flatulence,  pain   in  r.  heel,  especially  on  treading ;  n.,  many  dreams. 
19th. — 20  drops ;  after  i  h.  scraping  in  throat,  with  slightly  reddened 
soft  palate  ;  burning  on  tip  of  tongue  for  i  h.  ;  afternoon,  flatulence  ; 
sensation  as  if  throat  were  constricted  ;    prostration,  chiefly    felt    in 
knees ;  contused  pain  in  r.  testicle  ;  oppression  of  chest  and  frequent 
deep  breathing  ;  warm   feeling  in  abdomen.     Between  8  and  9  p.m. 
slight  chilliness  ;  n.,  pressure  in  chest  and   many  dreams.     20th. — No 
medicine;  roughness  of  throat  that  spreads  down  trachea  and  excites 
to  frequent  coughing ;  pressure  in  pit  of  stomach  ;  a  painful  furuncle 
forms  on  tip  of  nose  ;  slight  oppression  of  chest ;  sleep  disturbed  by 
many   dreams.     21st. — No   special   symptoms;    dreams    much   at    n. 
The  nasal  furuncle  disappeared  on  23rd.     2nd  March. — At  10  a.m.y 
40  drops  ;  after  i  h.  burning  on  tip  of  tongue  and  roughness  in  &uces 
with  red  soft   palate  ;  noon,  frequent  pawning  and  drowsiness  ;  after- 
noon, flatulence  ;  dry  feeling  and  scraping  in  fauces,  compelling  frequent 
hawking,  with   expectoration  of  tenacious  saliva  ;    stiffness  of  nape ; 
stitches  in  r.  temporal  muscle  ;  feeling  in  root  of  tongue  as  if  it  were 
spasmodically  drawn  down  at  both  sides;  single  stitches  in   legs  and 
arms  ;  aching  pain  in  sacrum  ;  e.,  weakness  of  knees  and  r.  shoulder- 
joint ;  drowsiness  and  frequent  yawning  ;  contused  pain  in  1.  testicle  ; 
on  lying  down,  chilliness  ;  soon  falls  asleep.     At  midnight  general  per- 
spiration ;  many  dreams.     Next  d.  in  m.  prostration  as  after  a  fever  ; 
slight  headache  in  1.  side  of  crown,  aggravated  by  stooping  and  moving 
head^  lasting  till  9  a.m.     3rd. — 60  drops  at  10  a.m.     After  ^  h.  burn- 
ing and  scraping  in  soft  palate  that  gradually  spread  to  hard  palate  and 
tip  of  tongue  and  lasted  two  h.  ;  soft  palate  somewhat  reddened  ;  pain 
in  r.  calf  as  after  severe  cramp  all  forenoon  ;  contused  pain  of  I.  testicle  ; 
afternoon,  burning  on  lips,  with  feeling  that  they  were  swollen  ;  sensi- 
tiveness of  scalp,  especially  on  crown  ;  on  touching  hair  a  peculiar 
painful    tickling ;    e.,   abdomen    distended    by   flatulence  ;    voluptuous 
itching   on    glans    penis  ;    n.,   when    falling   asleep   twice   starting  in 
affright ;  sleep  pretty  good  in  spite  of  many  dreams.     4th,  5th,  6tn.-^ 
No  medicine.     4th,  after  a  meal  violent  pricks  in  bowels  and  liver,  a 
with  needles^  for   10  m.  3  sleep  disturbed  by  dreams.     7th. — 80  irop^ 


ACONITUM. 


89 


in  two  doses,  first  half  at  10  a,m,,  second  at  4  p.m.  ;  after  i  h.  scraping 
in  throat  ;  towards  noon  oppression  of  chest  with  frequent  deep  breath- 
ing ;  afternoon,  pressure  in  pit  of  stomach  and  renal  region  ;  pain  in 
calf  as  after  cramp.  5*30  p,m.  Several  times  stitches  in  both  sides  of 
chest,  sometimes  deep,  sometimes  superficial,  especially  in  cardiac 
region,  not  aggravated  by  deep  breathing  ;  confusion  in  r.  side  of  fore- 
head ;  painful  feeling  in  both  calves  ;  frequent  yawning  ;  feeh'ng  of 
constriction  of  pharynx  ;  prostration.  10.30  p.m.  Peculiar  painful 
feeling  in  anus,  a  burning  and  scraping  lasting  10  m.  ;  starting  when 
falling  asleep;  n.,  inward  heat  j  many  dreams  ;  oppression  of  chest 
with  frequent  sighing  ;  pulse  normal  ;  urine  darker  coloured  and  scanty. 
During  next  d.  frequent  deep  breathing  on  account  of  heaviness  and 
tightness  of  chest  ;  e*,  burning  under  sternum  for  10  m.  j  slept  well 
with  dreams.     After  this  quite  well  with  exception  of  dreamful  nights. 

h,  31st  March,  10.30  a.m.,  100  drops  of  1st  dil.  -,  afternoon,  feel- 
ing ot  pressure  in  pit  of  stomach  and  r.  lumbar  region;  c.,  frequent 
yawning  and  hot  feeling  in  upper  part  of  body,  especially  in  face,  as  if 
sweat  were  about  to  break  out,  which  it  did  not ;  frontal  region 
confused ;  n.,  sleep  disturbed  by  dreams.  rst  April,  10.30  a.m.^ 
100  drops  of  2nd  dil.,  taking  after  this  daily  i  dil.  higher,  so  that 
on  5th  he  took  100  drops  of  6th  dil.  No  marked  symptoms  except 
dreams  at  n*  12th,  13th,  14th,  11  a.m.,  100  drops  oi  ist  dil.  I2th. 
— After  2  h.,  roaring  in  L  ear,  recurring  four  times  in  afternoon^ 
lasting  less  than  i  m.  T3th. — Many  dreams.  After  rising  face 
hot  and  red ;  this  went  off  in  open  air,  14th, — Afternoon,  frequent 
deep  breathing  on  account  of  feeling  of  pressure  under  sternum  ;  n., 
many  dreams.  1 5th. — No  symptoms*  For  several  nights  vivid  dreams 
of  a  more  agreeable  character.     {Ibid.) 

16.  a.  Dr.  VVachtl  began  his  proving  on  7th  Feb,  by  smelling  for 
5  or  6  m.  at  a  bottle  filled  with  tincr*  After  4  h.  felt  head  confused  ; 
when  standing  a  long  drawn  out  violent  strtch  in  1,  heel,  which 
spread  up  in  direction  of  tendo  AchilHs  to  hough,  recurred  10  to  12 
times,  and  at  last  became  so  violent  that  he  must  sit  down,  when  it 
went  off.     The  following  n,  was  restless. 

b,  12th,  forenoon,  8  drops.  Confusion  of  head,  with  hot  feeling  ;  n. 
restless  ;  woke  next  m.  with  same  confusion  of  head,  but  notwithstand- 
ing took  12  drops.  Confusion  of  head  as  before  an  outbreak  of  coryza 
lasted  all  d.,  together  with  feeling  of  warmth  in  cardiac  region ;  four 
loose  stools  during  d,  ;  n.  restless.  Next  d.  head  symptoms  abated  ; 
forenoon,  pricking  formication  on  glans  penis,  and  5  or  6  violent 
stitches  at  orifice  of  urethra  ;  noon,  whilst  at  dinner,  great  pressure  \n 
stomach  as  from  something  indigestible  ;  the  sensitiveness  and  warm 
feeling  in  stomach  lasted  till  e.  15th. — Recurrence  of  pricking  formi- 
cation in  glans,  and  also  similar  sensation  at  symphysis  of  sacrum  and 
ilium,  changing  gradually  into  a  paralytic  pressive  pain  lasting  nearly  all 
d.  At  n*  sudden  waking  as  from  a  frightful  dream,  with  burning  pain 
proceeding  from  stomach  through  the  whole  oesophagus  to  the  mouth, 
lasting  4  h.,  and  leaving  feeling  of  dryness.  i6th,  forenoon,  dry 
heat,  with  anxious  pressure  in  stomach,  and  sensitiveness  of  renal 
region.     Urine  seemed  thicker  and  hotter,  and  was  passed  with  slight 


ACONITUM. 


burning  m  urethra.     In  bowels  a  loud  g'  nd  splashing  as  after  M 

purgative  i    n.  quiet.     All  these  symph  eJ  on    17th   in    equal 

degree.     Recurrence  of  paralytic  pressure  in  sacral  region,  rehcved  bfd 
moving  and  bending   backwards.      In   forearm    pricks   as    with    fin^ 
needles*      Afternoon,  extraordinary  drowsiness  and  exhaustion  }    not 
refreshed  by  3  h.  sleep*     After  waking  head  much  confused  and  dazed  |g 
e*,  nausea  and  sweet  taste  in  mouth,  relieved   by  hawking  up  mucun 
At  7  p.m.  pressure  in  stomach,  alternating  with  splashing  m  bowclu 
followed   by  urging  to  stooL      Stool    insufficient,  with   no   relief  c« 
symptom^.     Three  attacks  at  short  intervals  of  chilliness,  beginning  aS 
middle  of  spine,  and  spreading  to  lumbar   muscles,  and,  in  spite  off 
warmth  of  room,  feeling  as  after  taking  cold,  with  transient  heat  on 
head,  followed  by  fine  flying  stitches  in  1*  hand  and  I.  shoulder- joint  1 
n.,  constant  starting  up  out  of  sleep,  with  trembling  of  heart,  and  hot 
feeling  in  pit  of  stomach  ;  betwcenwhiles  light  slumber,  but  no  quiet 
sleep.     18th. — ^Very  exhausted;    abdomen    sensitive  to  touch,   as   if 
peritoneum  were   slightly  inHamcd ;    noon,  shooting  pressure    under 
sternum,  and  similar  feeling  between  scapulae*     Many  of  these  sym- 
ptoms persisted  during  next  8  d.,  some  only  momentary.    Thus  the 
flying  stitches  in  shoulder-  and  elbow*joints  were  only  for  instants  j 
more  persistent  was  the  confusion   of  head,  the  chilly  feeling,  ihc 
pressure  in  stomach,  splashing  in  bowels,  sensation   of  dry  heat  in 
whole  body,  with  occasional  chilliness  over  back*     Constant  were  the 
pressive  pain  in  lumbar  region,  burning  on  urinating,  with  thick  urine^ 
drowsiness  with  exhaustion,  restless  n.  and  variable  humour, 

r.  5th  March, — 20 drops.  Soon  afterwards  chilW  feeling  from  crow]|J 
down  back  to  coccyx,     After  \  h.  general  agreeable  feeling  of  warmtM 
in   skin  and   sensation   of  looseness  of  ligaments    of  joints,   causing^ 
unsteady  gait,  with  flying  stitches  in  I.  patella  and  L  shoulder*joint. 
fiurning  when  urinating  recurred,  flow  more  copious,  and  a  kmd  of 
anxiety  at  commencement  of  micturition*     Next  m.  after  brcakikiid 
pressure   in   gastric  region,  not  tasting  long;    three  soft  stoob  witk' 
rumbling  in  bowels,  as  after  a  purgative,  and  sensitivetiett  m  sacral 
region;    n.  restless.      8th. — 20  drojw.     Thereupon  pressive  pain   ia 
head,  sometimes    more  felt  in  occiput,  sometimes   at    root  of  nosc^ 
Headache,  sometimes  shooting,  lasted  all  next  d.     Lastly,  scraping  in  J 
throat  and  constant  tickling  in  larynx  when  smoking  tobacco.    Although  ' 
accustomed  to  smoke,  it  always  had  a  deadening  eflFect  during   the 
proving.      loth,  n.,  the   pain    in    throat    increased,  swallowing    was 
difficult ;  in  m.  whole  pharynx  considerably  reddened*     Bruised  paici 
in  sacral  region    with    pain  in  belly  as   from    flatulence   was    pretty 
constant ;  c.,  diflEiculty  of  swallowing  and  redness  of  throat  declined'; 
chilliness  with  marked  exhaustion  in  lower  extremities  frequent ;  had 
to  go  to  bed  at  7  p»m.     Slept  well  till  midnight,  after  which  had  fre- 
quently starting  out  of  dreamful  sleep*     At  5  a.n)»  great  hawking  ofl 
mucus  with  nausea,  and  lastly,  twice  vomiting  of  greenish*grey  waterjfl 
fluid.     The  weariness  and  exhaustion  of  limbs  felt  in  bed.     nth. — 
On  awaking  heaviness  on  chest,  and  soon  afterwards  violent  pricks  in 
rapid  succession  in  left  half  of  chest  from  without  inwards.     During  d» 
shooting  burning  with  hot  feeling  in  tegion  of  coccyx  and  in  hacmor* 


ACONITUM. 


rhoidal  vessels,  which  lasted  till  next  d.  12th, — StifFness  with  bruised 
feeling  in  L  side  of  neck  to  shoulder-joint  and  part  of  back»  aggra- 
vated in  bed  and  when  lying,  ameliorated  by  movement  and  open  air. 
This  lasted  13th,  14th,  and  15th,  but  alternated  from  T^th  with 
similar  feeh'ng  in  lower  and  upper  limbs,  and  then  suddenly  sprang 
back  to  first  place.  During  whole  proving  had  two  or  three  times  a  d. 
sudden  congestion  to  head,  with  anxiety,  whereupon  the  chilly  feeling 
over  back  and  extremities  came  on.  A  constant  symptom  was  fatigue 
when  walking,  especially  going  up  stairs,  during  which  he  must 
frequently  rest  on  account  of  dyspnoea  and  hot  feeling  in  lungs.  Mind 
and  disposition  affected  ;  sleepiness,  dislike  to  mental  work,  crossness, 
anger  about  unimportant  things,  dislike  to  society  and  tendency  to  start 
were  constantly  recurring, 

d,  3rd  April* — 30  drops.  Immediately  hot  feeling  in  head,  with  chilli- 
ness over  back  ;  all  d.  extraordinary  exhaustion  in  whole  body.  4th, — 
40  drops.  Pressing  pain  in  forehead  and  occiput,  increasing  towards 
e.  The  next  n*  restless.  5th. — Headache  relieved,  but  prostration  of 
whole  body,  so  great  in  e»  that  he  must  go  to  bed  early.  Next  m. 
violent  stitches  in  r*  half  of  chest  with  loss  of  bn-ath,  and  during  d. 
repeated  tinnitus  aurium.  7th. — 50  drops*  Shooting  pressure  in  1. 
half  of  chest,  with  anxiety  and  warm  feeling  in  cardiac  region,  Ix^* 
quently  recurring  all  d,  ;  n.  restless,  disturbed  by  frequent  starting. 
These  symptoms  returned  twice  the  following  d*,  but  slighter. 
Towards  e.  tearing  stitches  in  r.  knee-joint,  and  contused  pain  in  r. 
testicle.  Next  d.  nothing  but  tearing  stitches  in  almost  all  joints, 
quickly  changing,  but  very  acute.     {Ibid.) 

17.  a.  Dr.  Watzke  took  loth  January,  forenoon,  1  dropofacon. 
tinct.,  and  continued  till  the  16th,  increasing  the  daily  dose  by  i  drop. 
On    1 8th,  8   drops;    20th,   10  drops.      M.ide  no  alteration   in   diet. 

1  drop  caused  scraping  in  throat  for  several  m*,  and  a  peculiar  derange- 
ment of  the  disposition.  Could  not,  even  in  society,  get  rid  of  anxiouf?, 
fearful  thoughts.     Had,  too,  transient  pressive  pain  in  patella.     After 

2  drops,  scraping  in  throat  was  more  marked  and  lasted  longer  (all 
afternoon  and  e.)  and  there  were  repeated  stitches  in  throat  and  dull 
pain  in  vertex.  Oppression  of  chest  and  frequent  stitches  in  back. 
After  3  and  4  drops^  besides  scraping,  swollen  feeling  and  stitches 
darting  through  throat,  oppression  of  chest,  and  predominant  sadness. 
After  5,  6,  7  drops,  no  throat  symptoms,  but  pressure  and  acute 
stitches  in  vertex,  pressive  pain  in  patella  and  tendo  Achillis,  oppres- 
sion of  chest  and  feeling  of  weight  in  stomach,  the  latter  lasting  i  m., 
and  recurring  several  times  in  d.  10  drops  caused  frequent  violent 
eructation,  increased  thirst,  feeling  of  weight  in  stomach  with  sense  of 
compression  in  cesophagus  (especially  in  forenoon),  dull  pain  in  vertex, 
extending  to  temples,  increased  by  stooping,  aching  and  gnawing 
pain  in  patella,  melancholy  disposition.  After  eating,  after  wine  and 
coffee,  symptoms  disappeared, 

b,  22nd,  forenoon,  15  drops.  Soon  afterwards  prickling  burning  in 
palate,  throat,  and  along  Eustachian  tubes,  increasing  till  noon,  declining 
afternoon*  Next  n.  sleep  very  restless,  23rd. — Uvula  much  swollen, 
and  with  arch  of  fauces  and  posterior  part  of  palate  injected  in  a  xamiiied 


9a 


ACONITUM* 


manner.  Saliva  increased,  compelling  frequent  swallowing :  pain 
increased  by  swallowing.  Therewith  oppression  of  chest,  dull  pain 
behind  sternum ^  fret|uent  deep  sighing,  sometimes  dry  cough.  ThroaN 
pain  worse  when  walking  in  open  air,  accompanied  by  troublesome  pain 
compounded  of  burning,  itching,  and  shooting  in  both  ears,  relieved  by 
eating,  returning  in  e.  with  increased  intensity.  All  these  symptoms 
continued  though  slighter  next  d.,  and  were  quite  gone  on  25th. 

c,  6th,  7th,  8th,  9th  Feb.,  m.,  after  breakfast,  20  drops.  During 
these  days  the  throat-pain  was  constant.  It  began  soon  after  taking 
dose,  was  shooting  and  accompanied  by  feeling  of  swelling  in  throat : 
lasted  all  d.  It  was  as  if  an  angular,  many-pointed  body  stuck  in  throat ; 
uvula  swollen,  elongated,  arch  and  posterior  surface  of  palate  greatly 
injected  and  dark  red.  At  same  time  frequently  during  the  day,  for  a 
m,  at  a  time,  very  troublesome  and  acute  pressive  pain  at  both  sides  of  1 
vertex,  forehead,  lower  jaw,  most  persistent  and  severe  in  r*  shoulder 
and  r,  upper  arm  ;  feeling  of  exhaustion  and  heat  in  chest  ;  frequent 
sighing,  attacks  of  anxiety  ;  sometimes  dry  cough  and  contractive 
shooting  pain  in  r.  side  of  chest.  In  open  air  heaviness  and  stifFness  of 
limbs,  especially  lower  extremities ;  difficulty  of  moving  ;  on  treading 
heavily  sensitiveness  in  lumbar  region  ;  occasionally  when  sitting  sudden 
constrictive  pain  in  region  of  gall-bladder,  taking  away  breath.  Every  fore- 
noon, some  h,  after  taking  medicine,  increase  of  sexual  desire,  which  went 
off  about  noon.  After  eating,  chilly  feeling,  exhaustion,  drowsiness  j 
n.,  increased  heat,  frequent  tossing  about  in  bed  ;  sleep  very  broken, 
full  of  vivid  dreams,  distinctly  remembered.  Frequent  transient  itching, 
prickling,  burning,  scratching  here  and  there  in  skin.  Sometimes 
repeated  going  to  sleep  of  r.  foot  when  sitting. 

iii.  22nd. — 15  drops  m.  fasting,  same  an  h,  later.  During  d.  painful 
drawing  here  and  there,  most  frequently  in  different  parts  of  thorax  and 
arms,  weariness  in  arms  and  thighs,  confusion  of  head,  continual  but 
slight  pressure  in  vertical  region,  scraping  and  constriction  »n  throat,  as  if  . 
it  were  narrowed,  Chest  oppressed,  must  often  sigh.  Sometimes  stitches 
darted  through  chest.  Occasionally  violent  eructation.  Sexual  desire 
much  increased  ;  e.,  when  passing  from  obscure  room  into  street, flicker- 
ing before  eyes,  lamp-lights  trembled  and  swayed.  Difficulty  of  seeing 
faces  of  passers-by  ;  was  anxious  and  giddy,  feared  to  knock  up  against 
them.  Thought  he  saw  near  objects  worse,  distant  objects  better  than 
usual.  Next  n.,  sleep  very  restless,  body  felt  hot,  tossed  about  much  in 
bed,  and  had  very  vivid  remembered  dreams.  Dreamt  he  was  playing 
whist,  and  when  awoke  remembered  all  the  cards  in  his  hand.  23rd. — 
Felt  pressure  and  tension  in  vertical  region  ;  took,  an  h.  after  breakfast, 
30  drops.  All  yesterday's  symptoms  except  those  of  eyes  recurred,  but 
less  severely.  24th. — -40  drops,  m.  Same  symptoms.  Oppression  of 
chest  was  more  persistent.  When  coming  from  open  air  into  warm 
room,  irritation  to  cough  in  larynx  and  dry  cough.  Feeling,  of  fatigue 
in  thighs  and  arms  more  distinct  and  troublesome.  25th  and  26th.— 
50  drops  each  m.  at  9  a.m.  Thorax  painful  externally  \n  various  parts, 
especially  r.  side.  Breathing  sometimes  very  tight.  Must  sigh  often. 
Deep  breathing  often  hintJered  by  feeling  of  compression  in  central . 
anterior  part  of  chest,  or  by  persistent  pinching  together,  especially  in  r. 


AcoNrruM. 


93 


side  of  chest  infcriorly,  or  by  violent  stitches  deep  in  hepatic  region. 
Change  of  temperature  excited  dry  cough,  accompanied  by  sore  pain  in 
chest.  The  feehng  of  wei2;ht  in  stomach  came  on  more  severely  and  was 
accompanied  by  constriction  in  throat,  and  attack  of  nausea.  When 
walking  in  open  air,  troubled  by  acute  pressing  pain,  which  alternated 
for  m*,  or  J  h.,  between  1.  patella^  r,  tendo  Achillis,  and  back  of  J. 
foot.  Violent  eructation  of  air,  persistent  pressive  pain  in  vertex, 
restless  n.  with  vivid  remembered  dreams,  anxiety,  laziness,  and 
prostration.  The  painful  sensations  of  pinching,  aching,  pressing, 
gnawing  on  different  parts  of  body,  lasting  a  m,  or  more,  were  not  unlike 
what  is  caused  by  a  pretty  strong  electro-magnetic  apparatus.  27th 
and  28th,  each  m.  50  drops-  Soon  afterwards  feeling  as  if  throat 
swelled,  and  as  if  a  large  quantity  of  mucus  was  there,  which  he  could 
not  get  rid  of  by  constant  hawking ;  flow  of  frothy  saliva  inro  mouth  j 
repeated  violent  eructation  of  air  s  frequent  dry  cough  with  sore  feeling 
in  chest,  and  sore  pain  in  larynx  j  stitches  in  forehead,  back,  sides  of 
chest,  fingers,  back  of  hand,  and  lower  parts  of  body,  as  though  he  stood 
on  the  vibrating  stool  of  an  electric  machine,  and  sparks  were  drawn 
from  him.  Pinching  together  as  with  blunt  forceps  in  several  parts  of 
1,  arm,  near  bend  of  elbow,  for  i  h.,  frequently  recurring  during  d. 
Twitching  in  various  muscular  parts,  especially  forearms,  as  though  he 
had  hold  of  the  conductors  of  an  electro- magnetic  apparatus,  only  the 
pains  came  and  went  away  more  slowly.  Fatigue  as  after  a  long  walk  in 
thighs  and  forearms;  pain  of  sacral  and  lumbar  regions,  tensive,  aching, 
more  felt  when  treading ;  violent  very  painful  contraction  about  anus, 
but  not  resembling  ordinary  tenesmus  ;  sometimes  stitches  darting 
through  anus  and  urethra.  Continual  itching  and  smarting  on  various 
portions  of  skin,  compelling  scratching  ;  here  and  there  papules  the 
size  of  millet. seeds  appeared,  these  again  filled  with  yellowish  lymph  and 
dried.  Afternoon,  drowsiness,  prostration,feeling  of  pressure  and  weight 
in  crown,  disinclination  to  mental  work.  When  walking  a  peculiar 
.Stiffness  and  heaviness  of  lower  extremities;  could  not  go  at  his 
^lisual  quick  pace,  but  sauntered  slowly  along  street.  N.  throughout  very 
restless,  next  m.  felt  heavy  pressure  in  vertical  region,  head  heavy 
and  giddy  as  after  drinking  strong  wine  the  previous  e.  29th. — 80 
drops  2  h.  after  breakfast  caused  no  new  symptoms,  but  those  of 
previous  days  came  with  greater  intensity,  and  chest  symptoms  assumed 
a  more  serious  aspect.  Very  frequent  dry  cough,  especially  on  breathing 
deeply  and  in  changes  of  temperature,  combined  with  sore  feeling  behind 
sternum.  The  pressure  and  oppression  on  chest  increased,  especially 
^towards  c.,  accompanied  by  drawing  and  stiffness  in  nape,  and  painful- 
Ijiess  of  scapula.  Moderate  wine  drinking  relieved  chest  symptoms,  but 
jravated  those  of  head.  Next  n.  sleepless.  Woke  every  J  h.  with 
^confusion  of  head  in  vertical  region,  and  dryness  of  mouth  and  gullet. 
Cutaneous  temperature  somewhat  increased  ;  drank  much.  1st  Alarch, 
-Took  80  drops,  half  at  9.30  a.m.,  other  half  3  h.  later.  Afternoon, 
violent  pressure  in  vertical  region,  attack  of  vertigo,  feeling  in  crown  as 
if  hair  stood  on  end,  that  part  was  hot  externally  ;  chest  symptoms 
as  yesterday.  Next  n.  excessively  restless.  Great  exhaustion  after  the 
restless  n.     l*he  next  14  d.  same  symptoms  occurred  as  when  taking 


9* 


ACONITUM. 


the  aeon.,  only  less  mtcnsely.  Sleep  during  first  week  very  dJs* 
Curbed.  The  most  persistent  symptom ^  besides  the  restless  n.^  was 
the  tiresome  prcssive  pain  in  vertical  region.  Oppression  of  cbcst^and 
cough,  generally  dry,  and  only  with  slight  mucous  expectoration  in  m*, 
occurred  occasionally,  then  tiresome  and  fVcqucnt  was  the  drawing, 
gnawing,  shooting  pains  in  limbs,  cspcciaJly  forearms*  Also  the  ajixtous 
sad  humour  came  sometimes.  The  symptoms  came  in  greater  degree 
when  walking  in  open  air  and  towards  e.  |  they  were  removed  only  for 
hours  by  wine  and  coffee, 

/.  6th  May,  at  9  a.m.,  after  breakfast,  took  10  drops  af  t2X  diL, 
repeated  dose  2  h.  later.  No  effects.  Same  dose  at  a  and  7  p.rti*,  also 
without  effect ;  on  the  contrary  felt  unusually  well.  9th* — 10  drops  of 
lOthdil.did  nothing.  loth. — Of  lodropsofSth  diLin  hal  f  glass  of  water, 
took  in  course  of  d.  3  tablespoon fuls,  at  intervals  of  a  to  4  h.  After- 
noon, repeated  slight  stitches  in  throat,  head  confused,  tipper  half  of 
eyeballs  sensitive,  especially  when  moving  eyes,  as  if  they  were  pressed  in 
from  forehead.  Stooping  rather  relieved  pain.  Later,  the  feeling  of 
pressure  on  crown,  as  if  a  cap  were  tiehtly  pressed  on  head.  This  bstcd 
till  he  went  to  bed  at  10.30  p.m»  On  bending  back  head  pressure  in 
eye  brills  and  crown  changed  into  a  severe  but  dull  pain  ;  n.  very  restless, 
with  very  vivid  remembered  dreams.  Next  d.  towards  e.,  throat  and  head 
symptoms  returned  ;  n.  again  restless.  The  third  d.  no  symptoms.  {IhidJ) 

18.  H£LiiNE  VVeinice,  aet,  i8,of  choleric  temperament,  robust  con- 
stitution, always  enjoying  good  health,  since  her  14th  year  regularljr 
menstruating,  of  sedentary  habits  and  costive  bowels,  took,  17th  April,  at 
9.45  a.m.,  10  drs.  of  ist  dil.  of  aconite.  No  symptoms,  except  appetite 
for  dinner  better  than  usual.  20  drops  of  same  diL  had  no  effect.  19th. 
—50  drops  of  same  dil.  After  \  h.  when  walking  some  shooting  in 
region  of  spleen.  2  p.m»  This  shooting  came  more  severely  when 
walking,  diminished  on  standing  still,  and  went  off  when  sitting.  Ac 
3.30  p.m*  took  72  drops.  All  afternoon  excessive  thirst,  and  from  6.30 
till  10  p.m.  shooting  in  1.  lower  half  of  chest,  that  only  went  off  on 
lying  down.  20th,  9  a.m,,  10  drops  of  mother  tincture.  From  12 
noon,  shooting  in  side,  alike  when  walking,  standing,  or  sitting,  lasting 
till  J. 30  p.m.  At  2.45  p.m.,  suddenly  a  moderate  pressure  in  r.  lumbar 
region  for  a  4  h.  At  3  p.m.  20  drops.  Thereupon  very  good  humour  ; 
e.,  heat,  sometimes  in  face,  sometimes  in  oesophagus.  21st,  m.,  aching 
pain  in  throat,  especially  when  swallowing,  also  some  stitches  in  side, 
22nd.^ — On  awaking  great  pain  in  throat,  uvula  and  soft  palate  mode* 
rarely  reddened,  l^he  stitches  in  side  continue,  slighter  j  much  thirst, 
extraordinary  fatigue,  10  a.m.  Took  (with  loathing)  20  drops.  The 
loathing  lasted  till  noon.  At  n.  had  a  long  confused  dream,  unusual. 
23rd,  10.30  a,m.,  30  drops.  With  exception  of  the  throat  affection, 
no  symptoms,  except  in  e.  a  pappy  stool,  having  had  no  stool  for  4  d. 
24th. — On  waking,  pain  in  throat  much  increased,  redness  of  the 
affected  parts  more  intense,  with  dryness.  The  sorethroat  to-day  is 
more  on  I  ^\d^  ;  at  same  time  hoarse,  dry,  resonant  cough,  during  which 
^y^^  water.  Now  and  then  burning  of  cyts,  observed  last  2  d.  Very 
restless  sleep.  25th. — All  d,  cough  very  frequent,  at  same  lime  sym- 
ptoms of  moderate  coryza,     26th. — Sorethroat  gone,  cough  better,  buc 


ACONITUM- 


becomes  more  violent  at  3  p.m.,  h  dry  and  causes  pain  in  larynx.  The 
last  3  d.,  during  which  she  took  no  medicine,  a  normal  stool  daily  ;  e., 
burning  alternately  in  either  eye.  Excessive  thirst.  At  10  p.m., 
shooting,  press ive  headache  when  coughing.  After  i  h.  stitches  in  side. 
27th,  m.,  stitches  in  side  and  cough,  headache,  weariness,  and  cross 
humour.  The  throat  commences  again  to  be  painful  on  L  side.  aSrh, 
'^At  I  p.ai  increased  sorethroat,  with  frequent  swallowing  of  saliva, 
that  increased  so  much  in  c.  that  she  took  mere.  soL  3.  After  10  p.m.» 
rigor  lasting  3  m,,  followed  by  general  dry  heat  and  increased  cough. 
After  midnight  restless  sleep.  29th. — All  better ;  when  walking  a 
tearing  in  r.  knee  and  thigh,  that  went  off  after  i  h.  The  sorethroat, 
cough,  and  stitches  in  side  went  off  completely  in  course  of  3  d.  During 
the  whole  proving  there  appeared  very  many  heat  vesicles  on  forehead, 
which  sometimes  were  very  painful.     [Ibid') 

19.  Dr.  WuRSTL,  set.  39,  sanguine  temperament,  suffered  in 
former  years  frequently  from  articular  rheumatism,  toothache,  and  on 
the  slightest  chill  diarrhoea,  but  has  been  quite  well  latterly.  22nd 
Feb,,  8  a.m.,  6  drops  of  tinct.  Immediately  slight  scraping  in 
throat,  for  5  m.,  nothing  else.  23rd,  9  a.m.,  12  drops.  Somewhat 
more  severe  but  transient  scraping  in  throat.  About  11  a.m.  suddenly 
giddy  when  walking,  thereafter  slight  throbbing  in  frontal  region 
towards  both  eyes,  for  some  m.  Otherwise  well,  as  he  was  also  the 
next  2  d.,  when  he  took  12  and  15  drops.  6th  March,  8.30  a.m.,  15 
drop®.  AH  d.  a  slight  coolness,  which  about  6  pjn,  passed  into  chilli- 
ness, often  recurring  in  course  of  e. ;  at  same  time  rumbling  in  belly, 
and  itching  in  rectum  compelling  scratching.  Next  d.  no  medicine  j 
symptoms  continued.  8th,  9  a.m.,  20  drops ;  forenoon,  frequent 
vertigo ;  noon,  slight  chilliness  (lasting  till  e.) ;  afternoon,  a  soft  stool  ; 
ill,,  frequent  waking,  without  dreams.  The  chilly  feeling,  the  loose 
bowels,  and  tickling  in  anus  lasted  3d.;  In  addition  three  vesicles  came 
on  tip  of  tongue,  which  burnt  for  4  d.  12th,  8  a.m.,  30  drops.  After 
2  h.  great  confusion,  throbbing  and  vertigo  in  head.  After  midday 
soup  heat  in  head  for  \  h.  Afternoon,  again  chilly ;  e.,  both 
knees  are  icy  cold,  with  occasional  transient  stitches  in  them  ;  n., 
'frequent  waking,  but  he  soon  goes  to  sleep  again.  The  cold  feeling 
lasts  next  d.,  and  at  noon  has  suddenly  sweet  taste  in  mouth,  and  spits 
out  a  little  bright  blood.  l6th,  9  a.m.,  20  drops.  Immediately  great 
scraping  and  burning  as  from  peppermint  in  throat  and  back  part  of  soft 
palate  (for  ^  h.)  j  transient  feeling  of  coryza;  forenoon,  frequent 
attacks  of  vertigo ;  in  both  knees  slight  drawing  ;  noon,  emptiness  in 
stomach,  with  frequent  eructations  of  air  ;  then  sudden  chilliness,  which 
goes  off  when  eating  ;  afternoon,  diminished  temperature  of  skin  ;  fre- 
quent micturition,  rumbling  in  belly  with  great  urging  to  stool.  The 
cold  feeling,  vertiginous  attacks  and  loose  bowels  continue  the  next  2d. 
19th. — 30  drops.  Mucous  membrane  of  soft  palate  seems  puckered  ; 
clear  water  flows  from  nose  frequently,  this  lasts  till  noon  ;  e.,  chill 
for  i  h.  and  frequent  micturition.  The  next  2d.,  always  about  noon, 
frequent  attacks  of  vertigo  i  sometimes  premonitory  symptoms  of  coryza. 
22nd,  m.,  30  drops,  some  scraping  in  palate  and  throat  for  ^  h.  ;  fore- 
noon, great  confusion  of  head,  transient  heat  and  vertigo  ;  noon^  frc- 


96  ACONITUM. 

qucnt  yawning  and  eructation  of  air;  very  good  appetite  for  dinner; 
afternoon,  feeling  of  exhaustion.  The  next  i6d.no  medicine;  almust 
daily,  between  1 1  and  I  o'clock,  attacks  of  vertigo  with  confusion  of 
head  ;  drawing  in  knees,  calves,  elbows,  lasting  a  few  m. ;  constant 
sweet  taste  in  mouth,  with  saliva  mixed  with  streaks  of  blood  ;  loose 
bowels  with  urging  to  stool ;  frequent  itchine  in  rectum  with  discharge 
of  white  hot  mucus;  restless  n.  loth  and  I2th  April. — ^40  and  50 
drops.  Each  d.,  forenoon,  vertigo ;  whilst  eating  confusion  of  head. 
8  p.m.,  glowing  of  cheeks  and  pressive  pain  on  l>oth  temples,  with 
great  sensitiveness  of  eyes,  for  nearly  I  h.  The  forenoon  vertigo 
attacks,  the  sweet  taste  and  coloured  saliva,  the  itching  in  rectum  vrith 
discharge  of  mucus,  went  off  only  after  14  to  20  d.  Though  disposed 
to  rheumatic  suflFerings,  almost  no  symptoms  of  this  sort  appeared, 
whereas  mucous  membrane  of  fauces  and  of  all  gastro-enteric  tract, 
especially  of  rectum,  was  in  a  state  of  congestion  with  increased  secre- 
tion,    (ibid.) 

20.  a.  Dr.  WuRMB  took,  loth  Feb.,  6  p.m.,  5  drops  of  tincL  ;  ilth 
and  I2th,  5  drops;  13th  and  14th,  10  drops;  15th,  15  drops  ;  22nd, 
23rd,  and  24th,  20  drops  ;  26th  and  27th,  25  drops,— regulariy  m.  and 
e.  On  1  ith  and  27th,  burning  on  upper  lip,  as  from  pepper  \  not  on 
the  other  days.  After  25  drops,  dryness  in  palate  and  posterior  nares, 
lasting  \  h. ;  forenoon,  on  moving  neck  a  drawine  pain  on  1.  side  of 
nape  and  1.  scapula  ;  pressive  pain  in  upper  part  of  1.  side  of  chest  \  the 
muscles  there  are  sensitive  to  touch.  28th. — 30  drops  ;  no  symptoms. 
March  6th. — Twice,  40  drops.  The  above  sensation  on  lips  and 
tongue  for  \  h. ;  n.,  frequent  waking  with  over-wakefulness.  Other- 
wise well.  8th,  9th,  and  loth. — ^45  drops.  17th. — 60  drops.  18th.-— 
70  drops,  always  twice  a  day,  caused  no  symptoms,  or  at  most  burning 
on  lips  and  tongue.  19th. — No  medicine.  At  7  p.m.,  stiff  feeling  in 
nape  and  chilliness,  especially  in  hands  and  feet,  lasting  all  e.  20th, 
m.  and  e.,  80  drops ;  m.,  after  taking  medicine,  drawing  pain  in  r. 
hip-joint,  which  went  off  when  at  rest,  but  instantlv  recurred  whea 
moving  and  lasted  till  2  p.m.  ;  when  it  went  off,  a  similar  pain  in  r. 
thigh,  lasting  till  6  p.m.  During  d.  drawing  pains  in  r.  tendo  Achillis, 
1.  hip-joint,  and  lower  angle  of  1.  scapula,  lasting  but  a  short  time. 
2ist. — Twice,  90  drops  ;  burning  like  pepper  on  tongue;  e.,  scraping 
in  throat,  going  off  on  hawkine  up  mucus.  22nd. — No  medicine ;  m., 
on  waking,  confusion  of  head  lasting  4  h. ;  at  lO  am.  drawing  pain  in 
r.  thigh,  lasting  till  1  p.m.,  so  violent  when  walking  that  he  had  to 
stand  still.  7  p.m.  Some  acute  stitches  in  r.  external  meatus 
auditorius.  From  23rd  to  27th  no  medicine.  All  these  dajrs,  fie- 
quent  chilliness,  stiff  feeling  in  nape  ;  drawing  pains  here  and  there,  ak 
these  lasting  but  a  short  time.  The  most  persistent  symptom  was  a 
feeling  as  if  a  warm  fluid  escaped  from  anus.  This  occurred  every  d. 
about  twelve  times.  28th. — No  medicine  ;  on  waking  in  m.  a  dnw* 
iiig  on  inner  side  of  both  thighs,  becoming  worse  during  d.,  and 
especially  troublesome  when  walking.  The  thighs  were  painfid  Co 
touch,  as  if  sore.  The  feeling  of  a  warm  fluid  flowing  out  of  anut 
frequently  occurred.  29th,  m.  and  e.,  100  drops.  Ail  d.  drawing 
pain  on  inner  side  of  1.  thigh,  but  not  so  bad  when  walking  as  before,- 


ACONITUM. 


97 


N 


30th  and  3tst  March^  and  ist  and  2nd  April,  m.  and  e.,  100  drops, 
April  1st,  m.j  after  taking  dose,  burning  on  tongue  and  lips,  as  from 
pepper,  lasting  I  h.  ;  stiffness  in  nape  for  2  h. ;  all  d,  feeling  of  great 
weariness  in  feet,  especially  when  at  rest.  2nd,  9  a.m.,  drawing  pain 
in  r.  side  of  neck  into  ear  and  r»  shoulder,  lasting  all  d,  and  very  severe* 
At  u  a.m.,  scraping  in  throaty  for  4  h. ;  afternoon,  feeling  of  warm 
fluid  coming  out  of  anus- 

b.  From  17th  to  22nd,  at  9  a,m.  and  5  p.m.,  each  time  roo  drops 
of  3rd  cent,  dil,  20th. — Feeling  of  warm  fluid  coming  out  of  anus 
frequently  during  d.  Afternoon,  drawing  here  and  there  in  joints, 
lasting  a  short  time ;  aching  in  chest,  sometimes  r,,  sometimes  1.  side  j 
immediately  after  dinner  obtuse  stitches  in  brain,  in  r.  side  of  forehead, 
then  in  temporal  region,  lastly  in  occiput.  21st  and  22nd. — Only 
occasionally  the  above  sensation  in  anus.     (Uid.) 

21.  tf.  Prof,  von  Zlatarovich,  set.  37,  robust  constitution^  dark 
complexion,  sanguine  choleric  temperament,  had  suffered  in  childhood 
and  youth  frequently  from  ague.  In  29th  year  had  typhus,  con- 
valescence lasted  5  years ;  slight  lymphatic  and  varicose  swellings  In 
r,  leg  alone  remain.  Began  with  5  drops  of  tinct,,  increased  gradually 
to  10,  15,  20,  30  drops,  always  taken  in  m.  before  breakfast  in  a 
spoonful  of  water.  The  first  d.  no  symptoms.  8th  d.  (10  drops),  soon 
a  peculiar  headache  in  crown  ;  felt  as  if  he  had  a  pitch  cap  on  head 
which  compressed  it  equally  from  all  sides,  lasted  2  h.  and  went  oft 
when  movmg  in  open  air.  Next  d,  slight  recurrence  of  same  feeling^ 
more  like  a  formication,  never  had  anything  of  the  sort  before.  On 
1st  and  2nd  d*  20  drops,  soon  scraping  and  contraction  in  uvula  and 
soft  palate,  compelling  frequent  hawking  and  spitting,  with  occasional 
inclination  to  vomit,  lasting  someh*  Feb.  20th, — 30  drops  ;  forenoon, 
feeling  as  if  a  warm  fluid  Tike  blood  exuded  from  anus,  though  it  was 
actually  dry,  (A  dry  cough  for  2  d.,  probably  effect  of  a  chill.)  All 
the  time  unusual  cheerfulness  and  very  active  mental  power.  March 
4th, — On  waking,  50  drops.  Warm  feeling  in  stomach  (from  the 
alcohol  ?)  J  forenoon,  when  lecturing,  sensation  as  if  head  were  com- 
pressed by  screws  from  both  sides,  forehead  quite  free.  Later,  when 
walking,  chilliness  ;  tense  distended  abdomen  ;  flow  of  water  into 
mouth,  feeling  of  general  malaise.  Relieved  by  drinking  wine. 
Next  d,,  after  a  similar  dose,  frequent  violent  sneezing,  nothing  more. 
13th. — ^80  drops.  Scraping  and  itching  in  soft  palate,  compellmg  fre- 
quent hawking  and  spitting,  like  commencing  angina  tonsillaris,  for 
some  h.  Sexual  desire  increased,  cheerfulness  of  disposition,  the  mental 
functions  performed  with  unusual  strength  and  endurance,  [An  itching 
of  the  anus,  with  hemorrhoidal  tenesmus,  from  which  he  frequently 
suffered,  has  completely  disappeared  since  proving  the  aeon.]  14th. — 
100  drops.  From  afternoon  til!  e,,  chilliness  as  if  between  skin  and 
flesh,  especially  over  back  and  abdomen,  felt  even  while  perspiring 
after  quick  walking.  15th. — 100  drops.  In  e.  merely  slight  drawing 
in  teniDoral  muscles,  for  i  h.  From  1 6th  to  20th,  daily  120  drops  ; 
nothing  occurred  except  on  20th,  after  taking  the  drops,  scraping  in 
throat  with  hawking  and  inclination  to  vomit  for  l  h.  ;  crawling  as 
from   ants  in    head,  especially  temporal    region ;    011    turning   head, 

7 


98 


ACONITUM. 


tendon  in  cervical  muscles,  espectalljr  sterno-cleido^mastdid,  and  at  its 
insertion  in  mastoid  process.     All  thrnugh  body  a  pccyliar  sensation,  as 
when  in  a  vapour  bath  the  steam  falls  rapidly  down  on  the  skin,  aiiif 
drops  arc  felt  on  it.     Frequent  discharge  of  clear  fluid  from  nose  (wit^ 
out  coryza).     From  2ist  to  25th,  daily   150  drops.     On  22nd^  fooc 
after  drops,  chilHaesB  coursing  along  spine,  with  gooec  skin,  till  noon^^ 
and  formication  over  the  galea  aponeurotica  \  hands  and  face  blue ; 
heat  of  stove  grateful  ;  he  soon  loses  the  feeling  of  stability,  felt  as  if 
the  feet  would  rise  up*     Whilst  trying  to  stand  on  one  fool  or  the 
other,  he  slumbers   when   standing  for  a  moment^  which  sufRces  to 
spread  a  feeling  of  comfort  over  the  whole  body.     Forenoon,  feeling  on 
breathing  as  if  the  air-passages  were  uncommonly  wide,  »o  that  the  ail 
can  pass  with  extraordinary  facility  in  great  streams  out  and  in  at  caclt^ 
breath.     23rd. — Only  creeping  and  crawling  over  whole  body.     24.1^. 
— Same  sensations,  immediately  after  taking  drops,  accompanied   by 
tiresome  rather  than  severe  shivering^  here  and  there,  especially   in 
upper  arms   and    legs  ;    contraction   of  temporal    muscles,   creeping 
in  scalp  ;  involuntary  pressing  of  lower  against  upper  jaw,  with  flow  ol 
saliva  into  mouth  ;  noon,  after  a  short  walk,  vertigo,  with  commencinj^ 
staggering*     Drawing  from  temporal  muscles  to  external  meatus  audt«1 
tori  us  with  feeling  of  tension  there.     Some  painful  jerks  in  occiput, 
25th, — Only  slight  reminiscences  of  yesterday's  symptoms,     26th«— 
More  than    150  drops.     About  11   a. m.,  when  walking  in  open  air^ 
chilliness  all  over  body  and  goose  skin  ;  gait  unsteady,  sight  rathcf-. 
misty.      These  symptoms  aggravated   on  coming  home  and  sittings' 
Head  warm  and  feels  small,  like  that  of  a  child,  when  supprting  the 
forehead  in   the  open   hands.     Drawing  in  whole  head,  cspeciduly  in 
temporal  muscles  and  behind  ears.     Creeping  in  the  galea  aponeurotica  ; 
crawling  as  from  ants  over  back,  upper  arms,  and  thighs  ;  tips  of  fingers 
and  toes  as  tf  numb;  abdomen  distended  and  tense,  disinclination  to 
speak;    lower  jaw    firmly    pressed    against   upper  ^    nose   quite   dry*. 
Symptoms  relieved  by  soup,  and  by  eructation  with  taste  of  medicine*^ 
Pulse  72,  contracted,  hard.     Noon,  feels  well,  with  frequent  erections 
and  greatly  increased  sexual  desire,  almost  to  emission  of  semen,  though  , 
coitus  had  been  performed  towards  morning.    Afternoon,  while  walking^ 
in  open  air  after  a  moderate  meal,  headache  for  i  h»     i/ih.— lyof" 
drops.      All   forenoon,  giddy,  especially  in   open  air.      Creeping  and 
crawling  over  whole  body  ;  feels  the  roots  of  his  hair  ;  towards  noori^ 
sleepy  ;  head  as  if  pressed  together,  as  if  the  galea  aponeurotica  were 
too  tight;  transient   itching  and    pressure    in    hccmorrhoidal   vessels 
28th. — ^j8o  drops.     Exactly  the  same  symptoms  as  yesterday  excepel 
the  haemorrhoidal  sufferings.     Lower  jaw  drawn  against  upper  (  teeth 
sensitive  to  air  i  constant  creeping  and  crawling,  especially  in  r.  leg  % 
occasional  feeling  as  if  epidermis  were  separated  by  a  thin  layer  from 
skin  ;  retraction  of  scrotum  ;  e*,  slight  heartburn.     29th. — M.,  lOOj 
drops.     About  1 1  a.m.  heat  all  over  body,  anxiety  in  cardiac  region 
with  quicker  and  stronger  heart's  beats  i  flickering  before  eyes  ;  ten- 
sion and  slight  pain  in  r.  calf;  sexual  desire.     About   1.30  chilliness, 
head  rather  giddy  ;  thoughts  very  flighty,  even  at  the  slightest  cause* 
7  p.m.,  quite  well.     30th. — 12c  drops,  at  10  a.m«     Sometimes  slight 


ACONITUM. 


99 


chilliness  ;  c,  pressure  in  hemorrhoidal  vessels  ;  abdomen  less  tense 
than  yesterday  j  the  skin,  especially  of  hands,  seems  more  smooth  and 
elastic  ;  next  m,  on  waking  in  bed^  loud  rumbling  and  grumbling  in 
bowels  i  after  rising  discharge  of  flatus  with  relief.  From  31st  March 
to  6th  April,  daily  in  ni.,  200  drops*  31st. — After  2  h.  chilliness  and 
formication,  especially  betwixt  shoulders  and  down  back,  aggravated  by 
movement,  Hke  commencement  of  ague  fit,  at  the  same  time  tips  of 
fingers  and  toes  cold  ;  several  violent  dry  coughs  j  scalp  as  if  swollen 
and  numb  i  uncommonly  easy  breathing ;  exhilaration  alternating 
with  depression,  ist  April, — On  waking  in  m,,  very  tiresome  heart- 
burn, almost  preventing  respiration,  ameliorated  after  rising.  About 
1 1  a.m.  chilliness,  especially  on  back  and  upper  arms  ;  oppression  of 
chest  and  palpitation  of  heart,  lasting  a  short  time  only  ;  towards  noon 
head  confused  as  after  too  free  indulgence  in  spirituous  drinks  ;  heavi- 
ness and  tension  in  calves,  especially  r, ;  frequent  micturition.  About 
1-30  p.m.  r.  leg  very  heavy;  painful  pressure  in  hip-joint  when 
walking ;  in  L  leg  drawing  pains  here  and  there ;  chilliness  between 
shoulders  in  warm  room  ;  fingers  and  nails  cold  and  pale,  like  those  of 
a  corpse.  2nd. — Soon  nausea  and  inclination  to  vomit.  Breakfast 
not  relished.  Abdomen  much  distended,  some  chilliness,  very  cheerfuL 
Towards  noon  crawling  and  creeping  tn  whole  cutaneous  surface  ; 
retraction  of  scrotum  ;  sexual  desire  j  frequent  sighing  on  account  of 
distinctly  felt  accumulation  of  blood  in  lungs.  3rd, — Soon  pressure 
and  tension  in  soft  palate  and  fauces,  as  from  swelling  of  those  parts, 
for  but  a  short  time*  After  i  h.  transient  stitches  in  lower  part  of 
chest,  about  false  ribs  ;  cough  from  irritation  in  larynx  with  expectora- 
tion of  gelatinous,  formed  mucus  ;  then  sensitiveness  of  larynx  to 
inspired  air,  as  if  it  were  deprived  of  its  protective  covering,  lasting  but 
a  short  time,  at  same  time  feeling  of  teiision  in  lumbar  region,  causing 
him  to  bend  backwards.  About  J 0.30  a.m,  coldness  in  hands  and  feet  j 
shiver  over  whole  back,  whilst  head  and  abdomen  are  warm,  1  h* 
later,  coldness  all  over  body,  face  pale  and  fallen  in  ;  tension  in  r. 
groin  I  pressure  on  root  of  nose  ;  prsecordial  anxiety  ,  heart's  beats 
felt.  The  cold  gradually  spread  all  over  lower  extremities  ;  fingers  feel 
like  a  corpse.  All  afternoon  cheerfulness  and  feeling  well,  4th, — 
Immediately  inclination  to  vomit  for  10  m,,  could  with  difficulty  refrain 
from  vomiting.  Soon  after  this  had  gone  off  rumbling  and  shooting 
contractive  pain  here  and  there  in  bowels.  During  and  after  early 
cofFee,  frequent  violent  cough  without  expectoration,  though  once  a 
little  fluid  came  into  mouth,  having  a  peculiar  sweetish  salt  taste,  felt 
most  at  root  of  tongue  ;  thought  it  was  blood,  but  it  was  not.  After 
3  h.  feeling  of  coldness  in  hairy  scalp,  which  passed  gradually  into  the 
former  contraction  of  the  galea  aponeurotica ;  pressive  pain  in  r.  hip  j 
itching  in  hsemorrhoidal  vessels  ;  pressure  in  occiput  ;  violent  cough, 
during  which  the  anus  contracts  spasmodically*  tore  noun,  when 
walking,  often  giddy  as  if  intoxicated,  when  he  comes  into  house  the 
vertigo  changes  into  stupefied  feeling.  When  walking  single  transient 
stitches  in  urethra  j  occasional  pain  in  hip  ;  when  sitting  after  violent 
exercise  oppression  of  chest  and  prsecordial  anxiety  with  contracted 
pulse,     5th. — After  i  h.  single  transient  stitches  in  urethra,  momen- 


roo 


ACONITUM 


tary  colicky  pains,  burning  patm  in  r.  foot.  After  3  h.  celJncis  all 
over  body,  especially  back  ;  at  Mmc  rime  very  easy  bfeiithing  with  wide 
free  chest.  Afternoon,  for  several  h.  drawing  pain  in  border  of  J* 
ilium,  which  sometitnes  spreads  to  hiivjoint,  E,,  when  sitting  and 
writing  the  pain  leaves  this  part  and  wanders  about  body,  going  into 
nape  at  one  time,  at  another  into  loins^  then  into  bowels,  then  into 
groin,  then  into  another  joint,  always  changing  with  great  rapidity,  «o 
that  it  is  never  longer  than  at  most  a  few  m.  in  one  place.  6th,— 
After  a  good  sleep  rose  quite  cheerful  and  feeling  quite  well.  Though 
he  took  200  drops  to*day  without  repugnance,  later  the  idea  of  the 
medicine  excited  loathing  and  inclination  to  vomit,  and  then  came  on 
such  a  disagreeable  feeling  in  stomach,  and  discomfort  through  the 
whole  body,  that  he  resolved  to  cease  taking  the  medicine.  The  same 
forenoon  when  walking,  rJgor  all  over  body,  with  paleness  of  face  and 
fallen- in  features  i  itching  and  burning  in  eyes  and  lids,  inviting  rub- 
bing ;  eyes  very  sensitive  to  air,  not  to  light,  eyeballs  felt  enlarged  as  it 
protruding  from  orbits  and  stretching  the  eyelids.  When  walkitig 
drawing  pain  in  lumbar  region,  relieved  by  bending  small  of  back. 
After  4  h.  gnawing  pains  in  r.  clavicle  for  ^  h.  E.,  crawling  and  biting 
all  over  skin,  here  and  there,  as  from  fleas,  most  persistent  10  hairy 
parts,  with  exception  of  scalp,  compelling  him  to  scratch*  7th. —  No 
medicine  ;  forenoon,  when  walking  (though  well  clad  and  in  the  sun), 
great  coldness  all  over  body,  with  slight  drawing  in  lumbar  region  and] 
about  ankle.  8ih. — Quite  well  all  day.  9th. — ^On  coming  froml 
lecture  at  11  a.m.  he  experienced  very  disagreeable  restlessness.  He 
felt  extreme  hurry  ;  anything  that  prevented  him  walking  quickly 
highly  obnoxious,  so  that  he  rudely  pushed  against  those  who  did  not ' 

fet  quickly  enough   out   of  his   way,  and   ran   breathlessly   upstairs. 
Iven  when  he  got  home  this  great  hurry  in  all  movements  continued 
until  I  p.m.,  when  his  usual  calm  returned.     He  must  then  breathe 
deeply  i  without  exactly  sighing,  he  felt  as  if  he  must  give  his  circulai- 
tion  through  the  lungs  an  impulse.     About   1.30  p.m.  he  felt  weak, 
chilly,  and  drowsy  ;  after  dinner  (2  p.m.),  he  felt  quite  well,     I  Ith. — 
On  waking  in  m.,  a  violent  headache  on  a  small  spot  over  the  left  eye 
brow.     After  \  h.  he  fell  asleep  again  for  a  short  time,  and  when  he 
awoke  headache  was  gone;  forenoon,  quite  well.     After  dinner  general 
discomfort ;  coolness,  especially  in  harids;  prostration  and  w*eakness  in 
all  limbs  \  frequent  stretching ;  head  warm  and  confused  ^  wishes  tc 
be  alone ;  drawing  pain  here  and  there,  but  only  very  transient.     At^ 
6  p.m.,  when  working,  he  got  so  cold  that  he  must  go  out  to  warm 
himself  by  exercise.     Chest  oppressed,  with  sore  pain  under  sternum 
on  breathing  deeply, 

h,  1 5th. — Took  1  o  drops  of  and  (cejjt.)  dil  of  aeon.  No  symptoms 
1 6th. — 20  drops.  Towards  e.  great  weariness  of  feet,  j  7th, — 20  drops,^ 
M.,  on  rising,  acute  lancinating  stitches  in  cardiac  region,  and  appa- 
rently in  pleura  costalis,  preventing  standing  up  straight  and  deep 
inspiration,  with  irritation  to  cough.  After  rubbing  skin,  and  making 
occasional  attempts  to  breathe  deeply,  this  went  off  gradually,  but 
corresponding  parts  of  thorax  remained  sensitive  to  external  pressure. 
All  forenoon  welL     After  dinner^  hcartburni  with  some  sore  feeling  in 


ACONITUM. 


^ 


Stomach.  E.,  transient  stitches  here  and  there  on  ribs,  in  abdominal 
integuments  and  joints ;  great  distension  of  sensitive  abdomen. 
From  1 8th  he  increased  the  dose,  and  on  22nd  and  23rd  took  100 
drops  of  2nd  diL  Scarcely  a  d,  passed  that  he  did  not  have  reminis- 
cences of  the  former  symptoms^  Especially  constant  were  drawing 
pains  in  whole  body,  especially  in  joints  of  lower  extremities,  and  fre- 
quently recurring  chilliness*  23rd. — Came  out  of  college  with  most 
violent  headache.  Eyes  as  if  with  a  veil  before  them.  Pain  was 
chiefly  in  upper  frontal  region,  was  pressing  and  contractive^  head  not 
hot ;  fece  pufFy  and  pale ;  light  and  noise  increased  pain*  He  lay 
down  in  bed  in  a  dark  room^  and  the  pain  gradually  went  off  in  \  h. 
He  slumbered  a  short  time  and  awoke  free  from  pain  j  the  whole  body 
cooL  25th. — No  medicine.  After  a  good  n,,  at  7  a.m.  pressive  pain 
in  region  of  1.  second  rib,  near  sternum,  confined  to  a  spot  the  size  of 
the  palm,  increased  by  deep  inspiration.  Drawing  in  tendinous  expan- 
sions of  lower  extremities.  The  pressive  pain  recurred  several  times  in 
forenoon,  but  soon  went  ofE  26th. — 100  drops  of  2nd  diL  M., 
after  rising,  acute  pain  in  r.  forearm  aJong  flexor  tendons  of  little  finger, 
increased  by  movement,  going  ofF  in  ^  h,  27th  and  28th. — Daily  100 
drops.  Occasional  transient  oppression  of  chest.  29th  and  30th. — 
Daily  200  drops,  30th, — All  forenoon  pressive  contractive  headache 
spread  over  whole  skull,  especially  1.  side  and  above  L  eye,  relieved  by 
application  of  cool  hand.     (Ihtd.) 

22.  J.  ScHKfiLLER  proved  cxtf.  aeon,  alcoh.  aquos.  Phar.  Bor* 
From  4 J  grains, only  griping  and  increased  warmth  in  abdomen.  From 
5  *^  9^  grains,  first  pressive  pain  in  forehead  and  occiput,  then  increased 
heat  of  whole  body,  some  palpitation  of  heart  and  full  pulse  that  did 
not  allow  him  to  remain  long  at  one  occupation.  After  7^  grains, 
scraping  and  burning  in  oesophagus,  anorexia,  and  yellow  fur  on  tongue. 
After  9  grains,  conjunctiva  of  both  eyes  much  injected,  especially  in 
internal  canthus*  Doses  of  22 — 24  grains  caused  severe  abdominal 
heat  and  gnpings,  headache  and  dryness  of  fauces,  slight  stitches  in 
lateral  parts  of  chest,  and  especially  in  cardiac  region  and  L  hypo- 
chondrium.  After  24^  grains,  a  very  violent  drawing  pain,  increased 
by  pressure,  in  dorsal  and  lumbar  region,  along  sacrolumbal  is  and 
longissimus  dorsi  on  both  sides  of  spine,  so  that  every  movement  of 
trunk  was  difficult;  this  went  off  in  5  h.,  and  the  same  pain  came  in 
recti  abdominis  muscles,  which  were  stretched  as  hard  as  a  board. 
After  8  h,  only  tension  of  abdomen*  Three  days  later  took  26  J  grains  ; 
this  caused  wandering  stitches  in  L  hypochondrium,  back,  and  head, 
tension  in  lumbar  region  lasting  three  days,  increased  heat  and  redness 
of  face.  Great  distraction,  weakened  memory  with  exalted  mental 
tension;  spirits  cheerful,  sleep  quiet.  {JViener  Zeitsch,y  iith  March, 
1846.) 

23.  Drs.  Flechner,  Frankel  and  Schneller  report  as  results  of 
their  joint  experiments,  in  which  they  commenced  with  gr,  \  of  extr,, 
and  increased  dose  by  gr.  \  daily  : — After  \  to  5  grains,  frequent  eruc- 
tation, diminished  appetite,  scanty  stool  ;  later  dull  pain  in  head, 
especially  in  frontal  region,  lasting  some  h,  After  5^  to  10  grains, 
pressure  in  gastric  region^  distension  of  abdomen^  slight  griping  round 


loa  ACONITUM. 

navel,  loathing,  white  furred  tongue,  diminished  appetite,  dryness  and 
scraping  feeling  in  oesophagus,  heaviness  of  head,  especially  in  frontad 
region,  prostration  of  limbs,  increased  heat  of  body,  mental  restless- 
ness and  disturbed  sleep,  quickened  pulse  and  palpitation  of  heart.  After 
20  to  26  grains,  pain  in  abdomen,  great  loathing,  great  development  of 
flatulence  and  rumbling  in  bowels,  the  frontal  pain  increased  and  lasting 
longer,  sleep  restless,  disturbed  by  dreams,  transient  stitches  in  cardiac 
region.  In  one  prover  there  occurred  swelling  of  tonsils  and  scanty 
stools  only.     (/^/V.,  iv.  May,  1847,  p.  106.) 

24.  a.  Dr.  Jablonski,  act.  26,  on  June  5th,  1869,  took  at  2  and 
3  p.m.,  3  drops,  at  5,  6  drops  of  tinct.  Pulse  at  a  p.m.  68,  temp.  36° 
(cent.).  Temperature  rose  until  at  6.30  it  stood  at  36*8^;  pulse  rather 
fell  till  after  dinner  at  7,  when  it  rose  to  80.  At  4,  6.30,  and  9.30  felt 
some  pain  in  joints,  especially  shoulders  ;  at  5.30  head  was  dull^  with 
weight  in  forehead  and  orbits ;  at  5.45  pupils  were  dilated  \  at  6.30 
headache,  lasting  over  an  h.,  redness  of  face,  and  neuralgic  pains  in  r. 
temple  ;  at  9. 30  itching  of  face,  and  shattered  feeling  in  limbs. 

h,  8th,  at  2.45  and  at  4.45  p.m.,  took  6  drops.  Temp,  each  time 
fell  from  36*2°  to  36°;  pulse  from  70  to  64  at  first,  then  to  55.  At 
3.30  frontal  headache  set  in,  and  lasted  till  he  drove  out  at  5.30  \  at 
di^'crent  times  pains  were  experienced  in  ears,  orbit,  knees,  and  r. 
shoirtder. 

c.  30th,  took  6  drops  at  noon,  2,  and  3  p.m.  Was  suiFering  at 
time  from  headache  and  heartburn,  and  earlier  symptoms  belong  to 
subsidence  of  these ;  but  at  4.30  we  note,  pulse  fidlen  from  80  to  55, 
breathing  slower,  some  constriction  in  pharynx.  There  was  also 
pruritus  of  legs,  which,  with  occasional  pains  in  joints  and  n  ear^ 
lasted  I  h.  longer. 

d.  July  3rd,  took  6  drops  at  10.30  a.m.  and  3  p.m.  Effects 
obscured  by  those  of  indigestion  after  dejeuner^  but,  so  far  as  truly 
medicinal,  were  those  of  30ih  June,  the  pruritus  being  general. 

e.  loth,  took  6  drops  at  8  a.m.  and  12  at  4.30  p.m.  After  first 
dose,  nothing ;  after  second,  pulse  rose  from  70  to  80  in  30  m.^  during 
next  2  h.  falling  to  60;  temp,  hardly  affected ;  pruritus  and  pains  as 
before ;  at  5,  flushes  of  heat  in  face,  with  warm  sweat  there  and  in 
back. 

f.  Same  rise  in  pulse  took  place  in  afternoon  on  5th,  when  only 
6  drops  at  8  a.m.  were  taken,  and  on  6th,  with  no  medicine,  which 
makes  of  dubious  value  its  occurrence  on  loth.  Temp,  rose  with  it 
to  36-6°— 37°.     No  other  symptoms  noted. 

g.  nth,  at  10.30  a.m.,  12  drops.  In  15  m.  pulse  fell  from  60  to 
50,  whence  it  began  to  rise  in  45  m.  more.  Some  tension  in  orhitSy 
heat  and  aching  in  head,  and  pruritus  on  6ace  and  back,  coincided. 

A.  20th,  pulse  after  dejeuner  being  90,  and  temp.  36*8°,  took  28 
drops.  Both  fell ;  pruritus,  pains  and  tension  in  orbits  came  on  \ 
respiration  felt  embarrassed,  and  working  was  diflicult.  [BuU^  di  la  S§Cm 
Med,  Horn,  de  France^  xiv,  259.) 

25.  I  have  made  a  certain  number  of  experiments  on  myself  (set.  5o)| 
but  pre-occupation  has  hindered  me  from  making  deuiled  records.  X 
confine  myself  to  stating  the  general  results. 


ACONITUM. 


103 


On  three  occasions,  temp,  rose  Vtt  <>i'-riT  y  on  one  it  Tell  -^^  though 
but  7  drops  were  taken.  The  principal  symptoms  were — heartburn, 
eructations ;  burning  on  tongue  and  throat,  as  from  pepper  5  heat  in 
head,  sometimes  in  flushes  ;  heaviness  of  head,  dazzling,  giddiness,  pain 
at  occiput ;  mixture  of  dulness  and  excitement ;  burning  pain  in  larynx, 
with  choking;  coughing  and  expectoration  of  viscid  mucus  j  paralytic 
tinglings  in  1.  hand,  15  m,  later  same  sensation  in  ulnar  region  ofr, 
hand ;  loss  of  equilibrium  i  pain  in  r,  thumb-joint.  (Jousset,  in 
JSid,) 

26.  a.  Heikrich  took  ci  gramme  of  extr.  ot  whole  plant  of  A. 
anthora.  Pulse  fell  several  beats  within  first  2  h*  ;  sensation  ot 
warmth  in  stomach  ;  frequent  eructations  ;  cool  and  dry  skin  ;  marked 
increase  of  saliva,  Extr.  from  root  produced  similar  symptoms,  with 
addition  of  slight  crawling  in  face  and  extremities  i  confusion  of  head  ; 
pressive  ache  from  time  to  time  along  course  of  longitudinal  sinus  and 
in  r,  temporal  region  ;  slightly  dilated  pupil  ;  decided  sleepiness,  which 
caused  deep  sleep  whole  n,  through.  Next  d.  entirely  well,  [yourn* 
f,  Pharm*^  Tox.  w.  Ther,^  i.)* 

h.  Took  01  gramme  of  extr.  of  root  of  A,  cammarum.  Pulse 
at  first  quicker.  After  20  m.  eructation,  scraping  in  throat,  heaviness 
and  confusion  of  head,  pupils  dilated,  vision  dim*  After  40  m,  formi- 
cation at  first  on  tongue  and  lips,  then  on  face,  spreading  all  over  body. 
Along  with  formication,  itching  in  skin,  sometimes  distortion  o^ 
features  ;  skin  tlry*  After  l  h.  head-  and  face-ache  :  former  increased 
by  bending  body  forwards,  later  accompanied  by  tinnitus  aurium  and 
vertigo  ;  pulse  slower  (fell  from  62  to  51  in  two  hours),  and  so  small, 
weak,  and  intermitting  it  could  scarcely  be  counted*  Breathing 
oppressed,  with  feeling  as  \^  thorax  were  constricted,  saliva  increased. 
On  walking  great  weariness,  and  on  continuing  to  walk  pain  in  elbows, 
knees,  and  hip  joints,  this  pain  was  relieved  by  pressure,  but  not  quite 
removed*  After  4  h,  headache  and  faceache  became  very  violent^ 
spreading  all  over  body ;  stool  was  passed  ;  formication  increased  j 
there  was  extreme  restlessness,  so  that  he  walked  about  his  room 
almost  all  night  like  a  mad  person.  Skin  became  dry  and  cold,  respi- 
ration oppressed  but  quicker,  pulse  very  slow,  40.  Very  violent 
eructation,  inclination  to  vomit,  spasmodic  contraction  of  stomach  and 
contractions  of  abdominal  muscles  ;  no  vomiting.  On  walking  about 
vertigo,  roaring  in  ears,  great  sensitiveness  to  light*  When  formication 
went  off  epidermis  scaled  ofFon  face»  Towards  m.  he  lay  down  again 
on  account  of  great  exhaustion,  and  soon  fell  asleep ;  when  he  woke 
he  was  very  warm  and  perspiring.  Several  times  after  taking  extr., 
but  especially  now,  he  experienced  erections  and  pollutions  without 
voluptuous  dreams.  Next  morning  he  was  quite  well,  but  on  standing 
was  much  exhausted,  and  the  pains  in  joints  returned,  In  another 
proving,  on  his  lower  extremities  there  rose  small  papules  and  vesicles 


♦  "The  root  of  A*  anthora  ha%  when  chewed,  no  power  of  exciting  numbnciw  or 
tingling.  I  gave  5*s  of  its  tincture  to  a  man  without  any  effect  whatever.  On 
another  occasion,  jj  was  admimstcred  to  the  same  individual,  who,  in  the  course  of 
I  h.,  experienced  genial  warmth,  followed  hy  sweating,  i^o  other  symptom  pre- 
sented itself/*    (Fleming,  On  Acomte^  p.  86.) 


lO* 


ACONITUM. 


filled  with  serous  fluJJ,  very  painful.  Memory  was  weakcnec!  i  seiist 
of  couch  diminished,  so  that  he  couJd  not  distin^ui$h  tmaU  objects  fair 
the  touch  ;  voice  hoarse  and  rough.  [Prager  rtfrttljahruh.yW^  ^854.) 
27.  a,  H.  DwoR^ACK.  took  o't  gramnne  of  extract  of  roor  of 
aeon,  neomontanum.  Felt  pecuhar  sharp  taste^  followed  by  vialcnc 
shooting  pain  from  lips  to  stomach.     Immediately  violent  y  jo 

with  rumbling  in  bowels,  head  and  face  verv  warm,  pulse  qu..  ij 

and  bucCiil  mucous  membrane  red,  studded  with  small  whitisb-yeilow 
vesicles,  surrounded  by  bright  red  areola  j  salivation  came  on  ;  cructs- 
tion  more  severe  i  loathings  inclination  to  vomit;  pulse  slower  § 
vomiting.  On  taking  extract  in  a  wafer  so  that  it  did  not  come  in 
contact  with  mucous  membrane  of  mouth  there  came  on  rumbling 
in  bowels  and  eructation  ;  head  became  confused  ;  a  tensive  drawing 
sensation  in  course  of  trigeminus,  which  gave  place  to  a  shooting 
wandering  pain,  at  first  often  interrupted,  but  afterwards  continued. 
Pulse  begins  to  sink,  becomes  irregular,  small,  and  weak;  confusion  of 
head  increases  ;  prostration,  exhaustion,  drowsiness,  and  dull  ptasn 
within  skull.  Pupils,  at  first  very  mobile,  became  persistently  dtlaeed  ; 
vision  dim,  and  he  is  not  able  to  look  at  a  highly* illuminated  object 
without  winking  ;  near  and  distant  objects  seem  to  swim.  About  40  m. 
afterwards  a  peculiar  formicating  sensation  on  tongue  as  after  taking 
peppermint.  This  spreads  over  lips,  back  parts  of  mouth,  ^auces,  goes 
into  tips  of  fingers  and  toes  and  into  fiice,  and  thence  spreads  all  ovct 
body.  Increased  secretion  of  saliva  ;  skin  becomes  cold,  harsh,  dry. 
The  formication  always  increased  ;  excited  sensation  of  distomon  of 
features  and  extremities  and  constriction  of  body.  Extreme  restless* 
ness  ;  it  seems  as  it  were  a  tickling  which  impels  him  to  constant  move- 
ment ;  it  is  better  in  equable  temperature,  but  is  increased  on  coming 
from  cold  into  heat  and  via  Virw.  The  headache  and  confusion  of 
head  gradually  diminished  2  h.  after  taking  dose,  but  then  c 
uncommon  exhaustion  and  weariness,  oppression  and  anxiety  } 
often  yawn  j  respiration  became  more  difficult  and  slow,  with  feelin 
as  if  throat  and  chest  were  constricted  j  pulse  becomes  always  tnor? 
irregular,  and  sinks  to  half  the  normal  rate,  often  intermits,  a.W  is 
sometimes  dicrotic.  The  exhaustion  became  so  great  that  he  could  not 
stand,  but  is  obliged  to  remain  lying ;  anxiety  increased,  with  apathy, 
indifference  to  all  the  world  ;  pulse  and  heart's  beats  are  sometimes 
indiscernible  for  several  seconds ;  respiration  a  gasping  for  air  j  skin 
always  dry  and  icy  cold  ;  taste  and  sensibility  diminished  ;  on  the  parts 
where  the  formication  had  ceased  occurs  a  furry  feeling  as  in  a  finger 
tightly  tied  with  a  thread ;  subsultus  tendinum  ;  involuntary  stretch* 
ing  out  of  limbs.  At  same  time  constant  nausea;  loathing;  incli« 
nation  to  vomit,  and,  at  length  (after  2  h.),  repeated  vomiting,  with 
relief;  pulse  regular  j  respiration  more  frequent  and  regular;  anxiety 
and  oppression  diminish  ;  body  becomes  warmer.  Formication  goes 
off  quite ;  instead  there  is  a  kind  of  insensibility  of  skin,  furry 
fceling.  Head  not  so  painful  and  confused  ;  rather  dazed  and  empty^ 
as  in  drunken  somnolence ;  exhaustion  continues ;  on  rising  up^ 
vertigo  ;  flickering  before  cycsy  roaring  in  ears,  head-  and  face-ache^ 
nausea,  and  such  muscular  weakness  that  he  must  lie  down^  else  he 


< 


ACONITUM. 


105 


would  fall-  Ntght  passed  without  sleep  in  this  state ;  some  slumber 
for  2  h.  about  4  a*m*  Next  day  he  went  about  from  m.  till  n* 
half  asleep.  Memory  and  attention  quite  deranged  ;  pupils  dilated  ; 
pulse  sometimes  quicker,  sometimes  slower;  after  mental  or  bodily 
exertion  confusion  of  head,  headache  and  faceache  ;  tongue  furred  in 
morning  ;  taste  flat ,  skin  of  whole  body  cold  and  dry  1  urine  much 
increased.     {Uid,) 

b.  Took  *oi  gramme  of  extr.  of  A.  ferox.  Caused  immediately 
violent  burning  in  mouth  and  pharynx,*  with  warmth  in  stomach  :  in 
5  m.  salivation  ensued,  rumbling  in  bowels,  pulse  was  found  slowed  by 
II  beats;  he  drank  much  water  to  relieve  burning.  In  40  m.  there 
was  formication  on  upper  surface  of  tongue,  gradually  involving  whole 
mouth,  which,  with  cheeks,  felt  furry.  In  80  m»  there  was  confusion 
of  head  ;  troublesome  formication,  mostly  over  face ;  frequent  eructa- 
tions ;  general  sick  feeling  at  times,  nausea  and  inclination  to  vomit  j 
weakness  and  trembling  of  extremities  ;  walking  difficult,  uncertain, 
fatiguing ;  general  sick  feeling  ;  and  sense  of  coldness.  He  was  so 
tired  and  cold,  objectively  as  well  as  subjectively,  that  he  had  to  go  to 
bed  and  be  covered  up  warm. 

In  2  h.  pulse  small,  weak,  60  ;  formication  spread  over  whole 
body,  but  afFected  very  slightly,  or  not  at  all,  those  parts  that  had  been 
cold  J  worse  by  change  of  temperature  and  motion.  From  7  to  7.30 
p.m*  this  annoying  sensation,  having  changed  from  one  nerve  to  another, 
reached  its  greatest  severity  ;  it  caused  a  painful  unrest,  so  that  he 
could  not  possibly  lie  more  than  a  few  m.  quietly,  and  constantly 
changed  his  position.  The  body  was  now,  especially  in  extremities, 
icy  cold  ;  the  skin  dry  and  rustling  ;  he  was  wrapped  in  his  gown  and 
doubled  coverings,  with  three  feather  beds,  and  the  room  was  kept  very 
hot,  without  effect.  Desiring  warmth,  he  tried  to  reach  stove,  but 
there  arose  vertigo,  flickering,  trembling  of  limbs,  inclination  to  vomit, 
and  he  had  to  Wo,  down  again.  Dyspnoea  now  (4  h.)  set  in  with  great 
.weakness  and  anxiety,  increasing  to  such  a  degree  that  he  was  obliged  to 
*  aU  sit  up  to  breathe.  Therewith  feeling  of  constriction  in  throat,  and 
calor  mordax  on  forehead,  chest,  and  hands,  with  sensation  as  if  numerous 
glowing  hot  wires  were  stuck  into  him,  also  constant  gurgling  In 
bowels.  Weakness,  dyspnoea,  restlessness,  with  anxiety,  increased, 
with  intervals  of  relief,  during  which  he  made  merry  over  his  condition  ; 
but  when  distress  returned  it  seemed  intolerable ;  he  feared  he  would 
suffocate  from  paralysis  of  respiratory  muscles.  At  this  time  (6  h*)  his 
mind  was  very  active,  sequence  of  ideas  rapid,  he  talked  constantly  •, 
pupils  were  dilated,  sluggish  to  light  ;  tongue  almost  insensible,  it  felt  like 
a  piece  of  leather  in  mouth  ;  respiration  was  accelerated  ;  pulse  weak  and 
small ;  sensation  as  though  benumbed  ;  on  touching  objects  it  seemed  as 
though  he  had  gloves  on,  no  pain  on  pinching  cheek.  In  order  to 
promote  perspiration,  he  flexed  and  extended  arms  as  rapidly  as  possible  ; 
after  a  m.,  copious  sweat ;  then  felt  so  weak  he  sank  down  exhausted, 
with   palpitation.     Slept  |  h.  ;  on  waking,  violent   burning  in   mouth 


^  This  was  in  Rpite  of  extract  being  enclosed  to  a  capsule. 
AUg,  Afotk,  ¥ir,^  iii,  173.) 


(ScHROFP,  Ziit,  da 


io6 


ACONITUM, 


and  throat,  warmth  in  stomach,  dull  scnsatton  in  head  ;  wcalc*  weary^ 
relaxed.  All  this  time  (since  40  m.)  there  had  been  frequent  (15  ta 
30  m.)  and  copious  urination:  thi»  continued,  so  that  in  12  h.  more 
than  S  quarts  had  been  passed,  at  first  straw  yellow,  but  after  8  h.  dark. 
Had  intervals  of  sleep  only  during  n.  On  and  d,  rose  at  6.30  a.nu^ 
with  vertigo  ;  tongue  covered  with  a  thick,  yellowish^white  fur,  taste 
flat  and  pasty,  very  little  appetite  :  after  breakfast,  nausea,  pressurr  in 
stomach,  with  pain  ;  two  half-watery,  dark,  not  copious  atooU.  Pube 
was  70,  small  and  weak  ;  gait  tottering,  step  regular  but  powerless, 
comprehension  confused,  was  incapable  of  any  mental  work,  even  the 
simplest  addition.  During  day  lassitude  and  weariness  suddenly 
attacked  him,  and  temperature  was  objectively  and  subjectively  lowered^ 
so  that  he  lay  i  i  h,  by  hot  stove.  Touch  all  this  d»  and  ihe  two  next 
blunted,  as  through  gloves,  and  he  seemed  to  walk  on  woollen  carpets. 
On  3rd  d.  he  had  transient  nausea  ;  remarkable  weakness  in  lower 
extremities,  espcciaJly  r. ;  violent  drawing  pain  in  region  of  stomach 
and  in  sacrum,  which  soon  spread  over  whole  abdomen  ;  on  pressure 
at  epigastric  region  pain  is  increased.  This  pain  recurred  on  4th  d, 
also,  and  from  now  till  8th  d.  there  was  pressure  in  stomach 
after  eating,  and  internal  dull  aching  was  induced  by  compressing 
abdomen.  On  4th  d.,  without  cause  had  sleepless  n.,  and  cmi  5th 
felt  very  prostrate  in  consequence.  {Journ,  f*  Pharm*^  Jiwf*  ir« 
JAirr.,  i.) 

28.  a.  First  diira  ofoptratim. — In  the  course  of  20  m.  or  \  h.  after 
the  exhibition  of  5  min.  of  the  tincture,  a  feeling  of  warmth  in  the 
stomach  is  usually  experienced,  which  is  occasionally  accompanied  bjf 
slight  nausea  or  oppression  of  the  breathing.  After  the  lapse  of  30  or 
40  m.,  this  sense  of  warmth  is  diffused  throughout  the  body,  and»  in  a 
few  m.  more,  is  attended  by  numbness,  tingling,  and  a  sense  of  distendcm 
of  the  lips  and  tongue.  There  is  also  tingling  at  the  tips  of  the  fingers, 
and  a  peculiar  sensation  is  felt  at  the  roots  of  the  teeth.  The  feejmg 
of  warmth  soon  disappears,  but  the  numbness  and  tingling  of  the 
lips  and  fingers  continue  for  a  period  varying  from  i  to  3  h.  Slight 
muscular  weakness  is  generally  experienced,  with  indisposition  for 
exertion,  either  mental  or  corporeal.  In  about  \  h.  more,  the  pulse  is 
found  to  be  diminished  in  strength  ;  and  in  another  h.  both  the  pulse 
and  the  respiration  have  become  less  frequent.  Thus,  a  pulse  which, 
in  the  normal  state,  beats  72  '\n  the  m*,  will,  by  that  time,  have  fallen 
to  about  64,  and  the  respirations,  supposing  them  to  have  been  18,  to 
15  or  16. 

b.  Second  drgra  cf  operation, — Should  a  dose  of  10  min.  be  given  at 
first,  or  the  first  dose  of  5  min.  be  succeeded  in  2  h.  by  another  of  equal 
amount,  these  symptoms  supervene  more  rapidly,  and  with  greater 
severity.  The  tingling  extends  along  the  arms,  and  the  sensibility  of 
the  surface  is  more  or  less  impaired.  In  ij  h,  the  pulse  will  probably 
have  fallen  to  about  56,  and  become  smaller  and  weaker  than  before^ 
still  maintaining,  however,  perfect  regularity.  The  rcspimtions  will 
have  diminished  to  about  13,  presenting,  at  the  same  time,  a  sJow 
labouring  character.  Great  muscular  debility  is  now  experienced  ;  and 
giddiness  with  confusion  of  sight  comes  on  when  the  erect  posture  is  * 


ACONITUM. 


assumed.  The  individual  sinks  into  a  lethargic  condition,  evinces  great 
disinclination  to  be  disturbed,  although  he  rarely  falls  asleep,  and 
complains  much  of  chilliness,  especially  in  the  extremities,  which  arc 
cold  to  the  touch.  These  phenomena  continue  in  their  full  intensity 
from  3  to  5  h.,  when  they  gradually  disappear,  a  sensation  of  languor, 
which  lasts  for  several  h.  more,  alone  remaining;. 

r.  Third  degrti  of  Qptratkn. — On  the  administration  of  5  rain,  more, 
2  h.  subsequent  to  the  last  dose,  the  sense  of  warmth,  and  the  numb- 
ness and  tingling,  again  spread  rapidly  over  the  body.  The  sensibility 
of  the  surface  is  still  further  diminished  \  lancinating  pains  in  the  joints 
are  occasionally  complained  of;  the  headache,  vertigo,  and  dimness  of 
vision  are  aggravated  \  the  countenance  grows  pale  and  anxious ;  the 
muscular  feebleness  increases  ;  the  voice  becomes  weak,  and  the  indi- 
vidual is  frequently  impressed  with  the  dread  of  approaching  dissolution. 
Occasionally  the  pulse  is  reduced  still  further  in  strength  and  frequency, 
perhaps  falling  to  40,  or  even  36,  but  still  maintaining  its  regularity, 
,  More  frequently,  however,  it  rises  to  70  or  80,  and  becomes  small, 
weak,  and  probably  more  or  less  irregular.  The  respiratory  movements 
are  also  irregular,  being  either  short  and  hurried,  or  deep  and  sighing. 
The  surface  is  moist,  and  still  further  reduced  in  temperature-  Sick- 
ness may  now  come  on  ;  and,  if  formerly  present,  is  much  aggravated, 
and  probably  attended  by  vomiting.  These  symptoms  do  not  entirely 
subside  for  one  or  two  days. 

d.  Fourth  degne  of  operation, — If  the  administration  be  carried 
further,  the  symptoms  assume  a  more  alarming  character.  The 
countenance  becomes  pale  and  sunken  ;  froth  issues  from  the  mouth, 
and  the  prostration  increases.  Two  patients  thus  affected  stated,  that 
they  felt  as  if  dying  from  excessive  loss  of  blood.  Consciousness 
usually  remains  ;  or  there  may  be  slight  wandering  delirium,  as  occurs 
also  after  profuse  hicmorrhage*  The  voice  is  whispering,  or  is  altogether 
lost.  The  pulse  becomes  still  smaller,  weaker,  and  more  irregular,  and 
the  breathing  more  imperfect.  The  surface  18  colder  than  before,  and 
is  covered  with  a  clammy  sweat, 

e.  The  sense  of  swelling  or  distension,  already  noticed  as  being  felt  in 
lips  and  tongue,  often  extends  over  face  and  to  difFereni  parts  of  body, 

f.  Some  patients  complain  of  a  feeling  of  weight,  as  if  a  heavy  load 
were  resting  on  the  abdomen,  and  bearing  them  down  to  the  bed, 

g.  if  the  administration  of  the  drug  has  been  continued  for  a  week 
or  more,  several  d.  elapse  before  the  heart  recovers  itself;  shortly  alter 
which  event,  I  have  generally  observed  that  the  pulse  becomes  some- 

^what  quicker  and  fuller  than   natural ;    in  short,  a  slight  degree  of 
eaction  is  established.     In  one  instance,  this  state  was  indicated  not 
'only  by  elevation  of  pulse,  but  by  slight  headache^  and  heat  and  dry- 
ness of  skin. 

A,  In   10  out  of  43  cases  in  which  I  have  watched  its  action  it 
^produced  a  decided  sudorific  effect.     All  of  these  belonged  to  the  non* 
ifiammatory  class  of  diseases,  or  were  healthy  individuals,     Diapho- 
Hresis  rarely  occurs  until  the  circulation  has   been  depressed  to  a  con- 
siderable extent, 

I.  I  have  not  met  with   any  convincing  evidence   that  A, 


IS  a 


io8 


ACONITUM 


cumulative  remedjr.  In  two  cases^  however,  symptoms  presented  them- 
selves which  induce  mc  to  suspect  that  it  i$  so.  The  mdivtcluals  were 
affected  with  general  trcmorsi  severe  pain  in  head  and  eyeballs,  constant 
lachrymation,  intense  photophobia,  heat  of  skin,  quick  pulse,  and  great 
restlessness, — symptoms  which,  while  very  dilTcrcnt  from  those  ordi- 
narily produced  by  A.,  still  were  distinctly  attributable  to  its  continued 
use.  In  the  cases  referred  to,  the  medicine  being  discontinued,  the 
symptoms,  which  were  by  no  means  alarming,  disappeared  in  a  day  or 
two.    (Fleming,  On  AcmiUy  1843.) 

29 «  A  healthy  and  robust  girl,  let,  19,  confined  to  bed  by  sprain  of 
ankle,  took  5  min,  of  tincture  thrice  daily  for  3  d.  \  pulse  became  a 
little  slower,  weaker,  and  slightly  irregular,  and  she  sweated  copiously 
after  each  later  dose.  For  8  g.  took  7^  min,  daily;  pulse  60— 68, 
small  and  weak  \  no  sweating  now.  i  he  following  symptoms  have 
been  experienced  from  the  medicine  (beginning  \  h.  after  a  dose,  and 
continuing  2  or  3  h*) :  —General  warmth  \  numbness  and  prickling  i 
crampy  pains  in  muscles  ^  dazzling  and  dimness  of  vision  \  sickness^ 
rarely  vomiting ;  loss  of  power  over  extremities  j  great  bssitude ;  and 
impaired  sensibility  of  surface.  Numbness  and  tingling  are  first  felt  in 
sprained  ankle,  where  they  are  accompanied  by  slight  pain,  f  o  min, 
were  then  taken  for  2  d.,and,  after  an  interval  of  5  d.  without  medicine, 
from  5  to  10  min.  thrice  daily  for  3  d.  more.  ()n  3rd  d,,  at  II  p,m,^ 
after  recovering  from  effects  oi  10  min.  taken  at  8  a.m.,  she  was  seized 
with  general  trembling,  violent  headache,  pain  of  eyeballs,  constant 
lachrymation,  and  intense  photophobia  \  the  skin  was  hot  and  dry* 
She  spent  a  very  restless  n,,  and  next  m.  symptoms  still  continued, 
with  somewhat  diminished  intensity.  Vascularity  of  conjunctiva  was 
not  increased.  There  was  thirst  and  anorexia  ;  tongue  moist,  slightly 
furred  ;  pulse  78,  weak,  and  slightly  irregular.  Symptoms  dicf  not 
completely  disappear  till  next  d.  Six  d.  later  resumed  drug,  taking 
5  doses  of  3 — 74  min.  in  d.  Next  d.,  at  6  p.m.,  great  general  debility ; 
says  she  feels  as  if  recovering  from  fever  ;  complains  of  thirst  and  head- 
ache J  temperature  of  skin  slightly  increased,  StiU  some  thirst  and 
headache  on  the  morrow.     {Ibid,^  p.  145.) 

30.  Dr.  H.  Nankivell  took  A.  in  doses  of  from  i  drop  to  30  of 
mother  tincture.  His  temperature  rose  to  100*^,  but  no  higher  j  and 
after  giving  up  the  drug  the  feverish  effect  seemed  to  pass  away  after 
one  or  two  copious  night  perspirations.   {Alonthi  Horn,  Rrv.^  xvii,  647,) 

31.  Dr.  Nicholson  made  a  number  of  trials  on  himself  with  small 
material  doses  of  A.  He  could  trace  nothing  beyond  physiological 
oscillations  of  the  pulse.  The  changes  manifested  by  the  sphygmo* 
graph  were  constant  after  ^,  similar  but  less  marked  after  Ix,  absent 
after  l.  They  were — ^^a  more  vertical  primary  rise,  then  a  quick  and 
slight  descent  and  rise  again,  forming  a  double  curve  instead  of  the 
single  downward  curve  ;  and  remainder  of  line  is  unaltered.  The 
pulse  hence  becomes  softer,  with  a  fulness  yielding  to  the  finger,  and 
shows  a  tendency  to  dicrotism.  There  is  a  more  sudden  expansion  of 
the  artery,  but  a  diminution  or  unevenness  of  arterial  tension.  The 
changes  present,  viz. :  the  rapid  distension  and  alteration  of  systolic 
curve,  show  a  tendency  to  the  pulse  of  pyrexia^  not  the  hard  pulse 


ACONITUM. 


characteristic  of  the  rigor^  but  rather  that  of  reaction  when  the  patient's 
condition  improves,     [tbid.^  xx^  762,) 

32.  Dr.  Deschkre  touched  tongue  with  stopper  of  bottle  of 
tinct.  After  5  m.  feehng  of  smarting  coolness  of  soft  palate,  soon 
extending  to  pharynx^  as  if  peppermint  were  placed  there.  This 
remained  all  e»,  and  could  not  be  removed  by  gargling  or  washing 
out  mouth.  Restless  at  n,j  tossing  about  in  bed  \  drawing  pain  and 
soreness  in  1,  shoulder  and  arm  (on  which  he  found  himself  lying  each 
time  he  woke).  At  7  a.m,  gurgling  In  bowels^  followed  by  an  urgent, 
gushing  stool,  with  great  tenesmus.  Six  more  followed  during  d.,  of 
yellow  water  mixed  with  white  foam,  preceded  by  gurgling,  but 
without  pain.  Chilly  feeling,  with  white  cold  hands,  towards  e.  Very 
drowsy  and  sleepy  all  next  d,,  no  stooL  On  4th  d.  stitches  in  splenic 
region,  worse  on  pressure,  or  deep  inspiration  \  in  e.  stool  of  natural 
consistence,  but  of  white-yellow  colour*     (Allen^  Encychpadioy  vol,  x, 

sub  VQCt,) 

33.  SiEGEi  chewed  some  of  the  root  of  aeon,  at  4  p,m.  ;  soon  burning 
and  tingling  in  tongue  and  palate.  At  6  p.m.,  horripilation  all  over 
body,  and  vertigo  j  at  supper  felt  inclination  to  vomit.  Then  horripi^ 
lation  frequent,  praecordial  anxiety,  vertigo,  prostration,  tenesmus-likc 
urging  to  stool  and  urine.  Took  an  emetic  of  ipec,  vomited  contents 
of  stomach,  confusion  of  head,  slight  distortions  of  limbs  and  eyes, 
lipothymia  \  skin  dry  Hrst  n.,  sleeplessness  \  next  d.  praecordial  anxiety, 
distension  of  abdomen  and  prostration,  {Nov,  act*  php.  med.y  t,  vi, 
p.  129.) 

34.  A  young  man  took  from  loth  to  i6th  April  cxt.  aeon., beginning 
with  ^  a  grain  and  increasing  to  3^  grains,  in  all  13  grains.  The  urine 
passed  byd,  and  n.  was  analysed,  and  it  was  found  that  while  taking  the 
aeon,  its  watery  constituent  was  not  increased,  but  its  salts  were  con- 
siderably diminished.      (De  Soist,  Z)/jj.  de  Aconito^  Berol.,  1854.) 

35,  Stoerck  took  on  his  tongue  a  little  of  the  powdered  stalks  and 
leaves  of  aeon.  He  felt  a  long-continued  burning  on  the  tongue,  and 
momentary  stitches  through  the  tongue,  with  flow  of  saliva.  On 
another  occasion  he  took  some  extract  of  aeon,  on  his  tongue,  which 
caused  slight  prickling  on  the  tongue.     ;J  of  a  grain  of  this  extract 

Lswallowed  caused  general  transpiration  and  actual  sweat  on  the  extremi- 
fties  and  whole  body,     {Libtllus  de  Stram,^  Hyos,^  Acon.^  &c.,  Vienna, 
1761,  p.  69.) 

36,  Dr.  Potter  took  3  drops  of  aeon.  3  every  5  m.  for  ij  h.  After 
the  Hrst  dose  became  fidgety  and  nervous  \  then  came  great  and 
causeless  apprehension  on  account  of  his  wife,  who  was  out  on  a  visit  j 
headache,  vertigo,  and  great  sensitiveness  to  odours  supervened.  Be- 
came so  nervous  and  anxious  that  he  could  not  work,  a  voice  outside  his 
window  caused  him  to  start,  and  he  then  fell  back  faint,  with  dimness 
of  vision.     Could  not  sleep.     [Hahn.  Alonthly^  Sept.,  1880,  p.  532.) 

37,  Applied  a  piece  of  the  root  to  the  tip  of  the  tongue.  1  hough 
I  did  not  swallow  it,  1  had  a  great  flow  of  saliva,  and  soon  felt  as  if  the 
skull  were  tightly  constricted  externally  with  a  band.     Some  domestic 

[affairs   occurred,  I   did  some  calculations,  wandered  about  the  house^ 
and  did  everything  hurriedly.     Then  there  occurred  (what  bad  never 


110  ACONITUM. 

before  taken  place)  that  I  felt  as  though  I  did  not  understand,  know, 
or  imagine  anything  in  my  head,  as  usual,  but  to  my  astonishment  I 
felt  plainly,  clearly,  and  constantly  as  if  all  these  operations  took  place 
in  the  prxcordia  and  round  about  the  mouth  of  the  stomach,  and  I 
noticed  quite  distinctly  that,  whatever  I  thought,  the  head  had  nothing 
to  do  with  it,  that  all  the  functions  of  the  mind  were  in  the  praecordia 
and  not  in  the  head.  This  lasted  a  considerable  time,  and  though  I 
had  been  accustomed  to  have  ecstasies,  this  was  not  like  them.  After 
about  two  hours  had  two  slight  attaclos  of  vertieo,  and  then  the  think- 
ing faculty  occurred  in  the  usual  way.  I  tried  to  bring  on  the  same 
state  by  taking  aeon,  again,  but  it  did  not  recur.  (Van  Hblmont, 
Demcm  Idea^  1652.) 

38.  Dr.  S.  Thompson  took  xiv  of  3rd  potency  run  up  in  distilled 
water.  In  5  m.  felt  tingling  in  nngers,  with  feeling  as  though  tempe- 
rature of  body  was  falling.  This  continued  to  a  sense  of  coldness,  with 
dry,  parchment-like  skin.  l*hen  a  chilliness,  with  occasional  nervous- 
uneasiness  and  anxiety,  which  continued  1  h.  3  m.  Then  alternate 
chills  and  flushes  of  heat  almost  constantly  breaking  into  each  other, 
lasting  35  m.  (tingling  and  nervousness  continue).  Then  a  dry  heat 
set  in,  with  a  peculiar  tenderness  of  the  flesh  to  the  touch,  and  nervous 
anxiety.  In  13  m.  from  inception  of  this  stage, a  slight  headache  came 
on,  with  seething  in  ears.  At  end  of  57  m.  this  last  stage  closed, 
with  slight  vomiting  and  sweat.  After  first  5  m.,  tingling,  nervousness 
and   dry  skin   existed    throughout.     [^PubL  of  Mass.   Horn.   Soc.^  iv, 

63«-)  ■     . 

39.  Single-doie provings  of  Aeon,  nap. — a,  8  a.m.  Health  normal,  pulse 

65.  Took  10  gtt.  iz  in  \  oz.  water.  8.3.  Sharp  pains  in  1.  knee, 
afterwards  in  1.  ulnar  nerve.  8.5.  Sudden  nausea,  and  sinking  at 
stomach,  soon  passed  off,  followed  by  increased  saliva.  8.10.  Shooting 
pains  in  r.  foot,  feeling  of  lump  in  stomach.  8.12.  Eyes  watery,  nose 
stuffy.  8.15.  Oppression  of  chest,  slight  cough  when  exercising. 
8.20.  Neuralgic  pains  in  head,  afterwards  in  lower  extremities.  8.23. 
Numbness  of  1.  hand,  with  itching.  8.30.  Much  mucus  in  throat, 
itching  of  scalp.  8  45.  Considerable  thirst,  epigastric  region  tender  to 
touch,  oppression  of  lungs  after  drinking,  pulse  normal.  9.10.  Neu* 
ralgic  pains  in  legs,  occasional  slight  cough.  9.25.  Effort  of  thinking^ 
causes  sharp  pains  in  head.  9.30.  Similar  pains  in  stomach  and  bowels, 
followed  by  discharge  of  flatus.  940.  Perspiration  on  abdominal  wallsj 
after  usual  stool  ;  urine  was  scant.  10.30.  Neuralgic  headache  with 
fulness  as  if  I  had  taken  cold  ;  back  feels  lame  and  stiff!  ll.  Called  to 
stool  again,  scant,  with  tenesmus;  urine  scant.  12.  No  desire  for 
lunch,  thirst  continues.  Pulse  normal.  2.  Urgent  stool,  copious  and 
watery  ;  drawing  pain  in  testes  ;  backache  afterwards,  feel  very  uneasy* 
Pulse  72.  2.15.  Chilliness  in  open  air,  thirst,  coryza.  Pulse  84.  4. 
Heat,  thirst,  and  uneasiness,  with  pains  in  abdomen.  4.30.  Urgent 
stool,  copious  and  watery,  with  colic.  Pulse  90.  5.  Perspiration  on 
forehead,  afterward  becomes  general.  7.  After  eating,  complete  relief 
of  all  symptoms.     Before  eating,  pulse  72. 

b.  J.  S.  S — ,  health  nornTiul,  pulse  72,  regular,  soft  and  full.  A^ 
II  a.m.  took  10  gtt.  ix>  in  \  oz.  water.      11. 5.  Slight  perspiration  OQ 


ACONITUM, 


lit 


I,  wrist,  pulse  weak,  65  ;  followed  by  slight  pain  in  r,  forearm  as  If  in 
bone,  with  ache  in  wrist ;  perspiration  on  upper  Jlp,  11. 15.  Fulness 
and  oppression  of  stomach,  with  slight  drawing  in  h  cervical  region, 
empty  eructations,  pulse  67.  11.20.  Perspiration  around  waist  and 
lower  extremities;  increased  saliva,  11.25,  ^^Ise  70,  weak;  ache 
over  1,  eye.  ii.35-  Pulse  62;  empty  eructations  j  slight  obstruction 
of  nose,  r.  nostril  j  desire  to  sneeze  but  could  not.  11*45.  Oppression 
of  stomach  continues,  fulness  of  frontal  sinuses  i  desire  to  gape  and 
stretch  ;  occasional  eructations  ;  pulse  64.  1 2,  Eyes  watery  ;  frontal 
headache  ;  offensive  taste  in  mouth,  12.20.  Sharp  pain  through  r.  eye, 
leaving  an  ache  afterward.  i*  Coldness  in  upper  abdomen;  sweat 
upon  chest  9  pulse  full  and  stron^^  58,  headache  lessened-  3,  Dull 
pain  in  r,  leg  ;  sweat  all  over  ;  stiffness  of  r.  neck  ;  tender  on  pressure. 
3.30.  Neuralgic  patns  tn  1.  neck  and  shoulder  j  pulse  64,  full  and 
regular,  4.30.  Tongue  slightly  furred,  whitish  ;  dull  ache  in  occiput. 
JO,  Nervous  and  fearful  on  falling  asleep,  no  cause.  12.  Urinated 
{unusual)  ;  all  symptoms  have  subsided  except  heavy  ache  in  occiput; 
pulse  59,  regular  and  full.  2nd  d.  Dreamed  of  thieves  ;  waked  very 
nervous  ;  pulse  62  ;  scant  urine  on  rising.  8  p*m.  Pulse  74  (I  think 
it  has  been  higher  between  12  and  i,  but  I  could  not  time  it)  5  have 
been  feverish  for  2  h.  ;  weight  in  occiput  continues  ;  occasional  cough  ; 
free  urine,  dark  coloured.  9.15^  Pulse  62  ;  headache  gone  ;  first  stoul 
since  taking  drug,  thirst  afterward.  3rd  day,  7.30  a.m.  Urgent  loose 
stool,  copious  urine  ;  again  at  9  a.m. ;  well  afterward.  (Dr.  A,  W. 
Woodward,  communicated. ) 

II.  PoisoTjings, — I,  A  young  man  swallowed  about  5!]  of  tinct, 
aeon,  between  6  and  7  p.m.  At  11.30  p.m.  in  a  state  ol  great  pro- 
stration ;  pulse  imperceptible  at  wrist,  hearths  action  scarcely  audible, 
skin  cold  and  clammy,  eyes  staring.  Looked  distressed,  and  did  not 
wish  to  be  interfered  with  ;  jaws  firmly  clenched  (apparently  volun- 
tarily) ;  pupils  dilated,  right  nearly  oval,  left  irregularly  polygonal. 
Quite  unconscious  till  death  at  11.30,  5  h.  after  taking  poison.  No 
drowsiness.  Post-mortem. — Both  pupils  slightly  dilated.  Dura  mater 
and  brain  not  congested,  a  little  serum  in  ventricles.  Dark  fluid  blood 
in  both  ventricles  of  heart.  Lungs  not  unusually  congested.  Mucous 
membrane  of  pharynx  redder  than  normal.  QEsophagus  pale.  Some 
patches  of  congestion  along  large  curvature  of  stomach.  (H.  Simpson, 
Lancit,  1855,  p.  467.) 

2.  A  maid-servant  took  a  mouthful  of  tincture  of  root  When  seen 
she  lay  in  bed  on  back,  eyes  staring,  pupils  contracted,  livid  complexion, 
stiffs  jaws,  coldness  and  pulselessness  of  extremities,  short,  incomplete, 
laboured  breathing,  weak  heart's  beats,  sighing,  tossing  about  arms, 
rattling  and  vibration  in  trachea.  A  zinc  emetic  was  followed  by  con- 
vulsions, eyes  turned  up  under  lids,  fists  pressed  against  chest,  teeth  fast 
closed,  thick  frothy  saliva  between  lips  ;  urine  and  faeces  passed  in- 
voluntarily. Vomiting  excited  by  tickling  fauces,  after  which  pulse 
returned  in  wrist.  Continued  vomiting,  after  which  sight  improved. 
Bilious  vomiting,  pulse  again  imperceptible,  complained  of  oppression  of 
head  and  pn-ccordia.  Jugubr  vein  opened  ;  when  ten  ounces  of  blood 
had  flowed  suid  she  was  better,  breathing  easier.   Said  &hc  felt  as  though 


Ill 


ACONITUM. 


she  cama  ©yt  of  a  narrow,  darlc,  hot  room  Info  a  w *d  one. 

Vomiting  again;   pulse  became  falter,  intermitted  cvc  i   beat; 

Craecordial  oppresficin  less.  Pul^c  ro$c  to  70,  and  later  to  too  i  bkin 
ot  and  drv.  Next  dav  pulic  small^  had  little  «lcep^  tongue  furred, 
headache,  d^ing  nwray  or  hands*  Next  d^y  well.  Said  that  M  first  she 
felt  shootmg  and  prickling  tn  arms  and  fingers,  numbness  in  shoulders, 
tongue,  and  mouth,  then  in  legs  and  feet.  Later  feeling  of  swelling 
of  ^ice  and  constriction  of  throat.  Face  blue  and  distorted  ;  wished  to 
go  to  bed  J  legs  refused  their  office  j  fell  down  on  suirs.  In  thts  state 
she  was  found.     (Sherwin,  Lancftj  ii,  13.) 

3,  A  man,  aged  45,  had  been  treated  in  hospital  7  months  for  rhcQ* 
matis^m  of  knee  without  benefit.  He  then  ^ot  extract,  aeon,  ale  in 
doses  of  3  to  5  grains^  with  good  effect  on  rheumatism.  The  supplr 
being  exhausted,  a  new  extract  was  procured,  and  of  this  he  took 
5  grains.  In  |  h.  had  trembling  and  creeping  in  limbs  attended  by 
shtx>ting  pain.  The  shooting  pain  increased,  the  trembling  changed 
to  convulsions.  A  taste  like  pepper  in  throat  and  mouth,  boon  after- 
wards vomiting  of  contents  of  stomach.  During  the  convulsions  be 
lost  consciousness.  When  his  consciousness  returned  the  eyes  were 
dazzled.  At  same  time  a  fixed  headache  as  if  a  hot  iron  were  bound 
round  head.  After  the  convuhions  profuse  sweat.  Pulse  unequal  and 
slow.  5  h*  after  poison  had  been  taken,  pale  face,  with  expression  of 
anxiety  and  restlessness,  very  mobile  eyes,  impatience,  tosses  abotir 
restlessly,  and  constantly  changes  position  ;  speaks  much  and  rapidly  1 
cold  tongue,  feeling  of  burning  in  fauces,  vomiting  of  slimv  stun  ^ 
orthopncea,  25  respirations  per  m.,  pulse  54,  unequal,  soft  and  full^  as 
though  blood  did  not  fill  the  arteries.  Mucous  rales  in  lungs  poste- 
riorly. Heart  beat  only  once  against  thoracic  wall  while  pulse  beat 
thrice,  but  contractions  of  L  ventricle  were  synchronous  with  pulse.  R, 
auricle  of  heart  seemed  to  be  in  a  constant  convulsed  state,  its  move* 
ments  were  quick^  irregular,  and  in  no  relation  to  motions  of  ventricles. 
The  limbs  began  to  get  cold.  No  stool.  After  guaco,  ammonia  and 
rubbing  in  of  tinct,  canthar.  on  pr.-ecordial  and  dorsal  region,  reaction 
set  in,  and  next  d,  he  was  well.  (Pereyra,  Gaz.  d/s  ffipitanXf%bA 
March,  1839.) 

4.  A  man,  aged  35,  drank  forty  grammes  of  tinct.  aeon.  Imme« 
diately  heat  and  constriction  in  throat ;  extreme  restlessness  and  could 
not  remain  in  one  place,  complained  of  throat,  and  of  burning  down 
oesophagus.  Extreme  anxiety,  tongue  whitish,  nausea  ;  trembling  when 
walking,  staggering  gait.  Pain  in  fauces,  extreme  restlessness,  Tear  ot 
death.  In  8  m.  copious  vomiting.  In  2^  h.  cannot  stand  uprighl^ 
attacked  by  a  kind  of  convulsions  ;  upper  and  lower  extremities  dniwn 
inwards,  fingers  dead,  thumbs  drawn  inwards,  fist  cannot  be  opefied. 
Legs  adductcd.  Face  covered  with  cold  clammy  sweat*  Eyes  turned 
upwards,  showing  only  whites.  Radial  and  temporal  arteries  pulseless. 
This  lasts  3  m.,  then  fain  tn  ess.  Thinks  and  says  his  last  hour  has 
come.  Consciousness  intact,  but  is  quite  blind.  He  then  vomited 
small  quantities,  constant  nausea.  After  4^  h.  extreme  anxiety,  inter- 
mission of  attacks,  and  nausea.  An  emetic  caused  vomiting  without 
relief.     After  5  h.  sight  returned,  but  fits  as  frequent  and  more  iriokat 


ACONITUM, 


tif 


**  TTie  result  of  the  autopsy  of  this  last  rabbit  in  showing  the  locali- 
sation of  the  action  of  aconite  on  the  codocardmm  induced  us  to  make 
the  dtperiments  over  again  with  a  view  to  special  observations  on  this 
point.  This  we  did  in  the  spring  with  the  assistance  of  our  young 
friend  and  colleague  J.  P.  Tcssier. 

**  TTiree  rabbits  were  poisoned  with  subcutaneous  injections  of  extract 
of  aconite.  The  effect  of  the  poison  was  y^ry  slow  as  the  first  extract 
given  was  very  wealc^  and  it  was  only  after  several  weeks  of  the  admi- 
nistration of  the  poison  that  the  rabbits  succumbed  to  its  influence. 
The  fir3t  two  died  with  symptoms  of  convulsions,  very  predominant  on 
one  side  of  the  body.     The  last  rabbit  was  killed. 

'*  The  condition  of  the  heart  was  about  the  same  in  all  three. 
"  The  sigmoid  valves  were  healthy  j  they  were  thin,  without  colour, 
transparent,  and  visible  only  when  raised  with  the  point  of  a  needle. 
The  mitral  valve  was  thick,  as  if  infiltrated  with  a  transparent  jelly, 
having  a  slightly  yellow  tint ;  fibrinous  granulations  of  a  very  pale 
greyish  colour,  as  large  as  a  millet-seed  but  rather  longer,  were  found 
in  the  thickness  of  the  valve  chiefly  nearest  its  free  border.  The  last 
rabbit  experimented  on,  the  one  which  had  been  subjected  to  the 
action  of  aconite  for  nearly  two  months,  showed  in  a  part  of  the  mitral 
valve  a  milky  spot  which  occupied  a  third  of  the  valve.  The  tricuspid 
valve  presented  the  same  sort  of  appearance,  but  less  marked.  The 
auricles  and  the  r.  ventricle  contained  coagulated  blood.  The  I.  ven- 
tricle was  empty.  The  liver  and  the  intestines  were  congested,  espe- 
cially in  the  rabbits  that  died  spontaneously.  The  lungs  were  bloodless. 
The  liver  of  one  of  the  rabbits  contained  small  granulations,  hard  and 
l^ellow,  like  millet -seed. 

"  It  should  be  observed  that  in  the  healthy  rabbit  the  mitral  valve  is 
always  much  thicker  than  the  other  valves  of  the  heart.'*  {Bull  di  la 
Soi\  Aitd^  Horn,  de  France^  xiv.) 

2,  Aconite,  when  introduced  into  the  system  of  one  of  the  lower 
animals,  produces^  in  the  first  instance,  weakness  of  the  limbs  and 
f^ggering.  The  breathing  then  becomes  either  slightly  accelerated, 
or  slow  and  labouring.  The  paralysis  increasing,  the  animal  is  at  last 
miable  longer  to  support  itself,  and  lies  down  upon  its  side,  with  the 
extremities  stretched  out  in  a  relaxed  state.  The  general  sensibility  of 
the  surface  is  impaired,  and,  towards  the  fatal  termination,  is  altogether 
lost.  Blindness,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  soon  supervenes  ;  the 
breathing  becomes  gradually  slower  and  more  impertect  j  and  after  a 
ficw  spasmodic  twitches,  death  by  asphyxia  occurs. 
^^  On  examination  of  the  body  immediately  after  death,  the  heart  is 
^Buid  beating  with  considerable  strength,  nor  does  its  action  cease  lor 
^Ene  time.  The  peristaltic  motion  of  the  intestines  also  continues. 
The  irritability  of  the  voluntary  muscles  is  impaired,  as  is  evinced  by 
their  being  less  easily  excited  to  contraction  by  mechanical  irritation 
than  is  usually  the  case,  although  they  still  respond  readily  to  galvani.sm. 
General  venous  congcftion  exists  ;  the  r.  side  of  the  heart  is  distended  j 
there  is  engorgement  of  the  vense  cav«,  of  their  tributary  veins,  and 
frequently  of  the  brain  ;  venous  blood  may  usually  be  detected  on  the 
i  fide  of  the  heart  and  in  the  aorta,  I  he  blood  coagulates,  and  the 
iiiu»dei  become  rigid  as  usual,     (Fleming^  op,  dij) 


114 


ACONITUM. 


he  felt  a  stoppage  and  intemiption  of  the  circulation  of  the  blood  in  all 
his  limbs ;  from  wrists  to  finger- tips  and  from  an  Ides  to  toes  he  felt 
no  circuladon  at  alt  Later  head  was  giddy,  mtst  before  cycs^  loolc 
wandering ;  he  had  a  constant  humming  hissing  noise  in  the  ears  till 
the  e.  came  on.  When  seen  at  n.  lay  with  head  propped  up,  eyes 
staring,  teeth  spasmodically  dmedy  hands,  feet,  and  forehead  covered 
with  cold  sweat,  pulse  could  not  be  lelt,  breathing  scarcely  perceptible, 
head  drawn  backwards.  After  emetics  and  stimulants  made  speedy 
recovery,     (Vincekt  Bacos,  PkiL  Trans,^  xxxviii,  287,) 

8,  A  gentleman  drank  at  1 1  a.m.  2  oz,  tinct.  aeon*  root.  In  a  few 
minutes  appeared  strange,  VVent  out.  Returned  at  2*10  p.m.  ;  went 
to  bed  i  appeared  drunk.  Semi-delirious  ;  very  flushed  face  »  intense 
dyspnoea;  bathed  in  icy  cold  sweat;  pupils  widely  dilated.  Had  walked 
to  a  friend's  house,  got  a  biscuit  and  wine,  and  returned  walking.  On 
his  way  felt  as  if  his  legs  would  give  way  under  him,  and  vomited  freely. 
Hot  bricks  in  bed,  extra  blankets  and  brandy,  and  strong  coffee ;  pulse 
not  perceptible;  heart  sounds  faintly  heard.  At  3,30  violent  vomiting, 
got  ^inc  emetic,  which  brought  away  grumous  fluid.  4  p.m.  Delirium 
continued ;  great  muscular  prostration  ;  no  pulse  at  wrist ;  temp  89^. 
At  4.30  castor-oil,  which  soon  acted  ;  pupib  widely  dilated  ;  great 
dyspncea,  almost  suffocating  him  ;  rallied  by  sinapisms  and  rubbing  and 
hot  bricks.  5,30  p.m.  Tonic  spasm,  lasting  considerable  time  i  temp. 
84° ;  pulse  imperceptible.  Hands  and  nails  slate-blue.  Hot  coffee 
and  brandy  and  water.  At  12  heart*sounds  more  distinct;  diplopia; 
intense  thirst ;  temp*  89°  ;  no  power  over  lower  extremities  ;  great 
tingling  and  numbness  in  arms  ;  sleepy.  Next  d,,  4  a.m.,  pulse 
perceptible  at  wrist  i  dyspncea  better  ;  temp.  95*4°.  At  9  some  sleep, 
refreshing  ;  conscious  ;  saw  double  ;  pupils  widely  dilated.  Recovered 
in  two  days  ;  pupils  remained  dilated  three  days.  (L.  H.  Jones,  Brit. 
M€d,  Joum.y  >877,  i,  258.) 

9,  A  gentleman  drank  some  coffee.  The  coffee  strainer  had 
been  used  for  preparing  aconite  tinct.  He  went  out  for  a  walk ;  had 
tingling  sensation  in  mouth.  Tongue  felt  too  large,  lips  and  face 
tingled,  creeping  sensation  down  both  arms  and  thighs,  giddiness, 
swimming  before  eyes,  great  weakness,  inability  to  stand,  stiffness  in 
neck  and  back,  head  felt  as  if  in  a  vice  and  was  very  heavy  ;  felt  that 
he  wanted  to  draw  a  long  breath  continually  ;  when  he  did  so  the 
giddiness  was  relieved.  Symptoms  gradually  abated.  (Headland, 
Lancet,  1856,1,342.) 

10,  A  cabinet-maker  about  16  d.  ago  had  fell  very  unwell,  suffer- 
ing from  influenza.  At  recommendation  of  friend  took  homoeopathic 
tinct.  aeon.  (dil.  not  stated)  in  2 -drop  doses  with  benefit.  Sent  to 
chemist  for  more.  Got  strong  B.  P.  tinct.  Took  4  drops  every  4  h., 
then  felt  very  excitable,  with  prickly  sensation  over  skin  ;  this  went 
off  in  2  h.  Repeated  dose,  and  felt  low-spirited  and  thoroughly 
miserable.  Took  5  drops  with  return  of  despondency  and  prickly 
feeling,  tingling  hot  feeling  in  throat,  eyes  restless,  could  not  sleep, 
body  burned  with  fervent  heat.  On  attempting  to  work  fell  back  on 
bench  from  weakness.  Memory  much  affected  ;  strange  fancies 
possessed  him  ;  gave  away  a  sovereign  for  a  shillings  objects  in  the 


ACONITUM* 


115 


light  seemed  to  grow  bigger  and  bigger.  Left  off  aeon,  for  2  d.,  but 
strange  feelings  remained.  Sent  for  more  aeon.  A  friend  gave  him  4 
drops ;  ah.  later  took  by  mistake  about  55  drops^  and  went  to  bed. 
Soon  felt  choking  prickly  sensation^  with  violent  pain  in  stomach  and 
bowels,  as  if  a  big  needle  were  travelling  through  them  ;  body  seemed 
dry,  and  he  felt  as  if  it  had  been  wasted  (?) ;  felt  wretched  and  in- 
clined to  destroy  himself.  When  seen  next  morning  was  highly 
deHnous,  talking  all  sorts  of  noifeense,  imagining  strange  figures, 
goblins,  &c.,  about  bed,  but  rational  at  times.  Mistook  people, 
rambled  incoherently.  Shaking  all  over,  but  said  he  was  warm  i  pulse 
78  »  great  oppression  over  cardiac  region  ;  fluttering  in  chest  ;  head- 
ache i  respiration  at  one  time  slow,  then  quick  and  shallow.  Greatly 
exhausted  ;  any  exertion  caused  prostration,  with  quick  shallow  breath- 
ing, and  diminished  impulse  of  heart.  Thirst,  tingling  in  legs,  arms, 
muuth,  throat,  and  tightness  in  throat  below  larynx,  which  he  said 
wanted  cutting.  At  night  in  delirium  attempted  to  cut  his  throat  with 
a  razor.  Tongue  large,  thick,  tremulous  ;  sensation  not  much  dimi- 
nished ;  pupils  slightly  dilated,  but  sensitive  to  light ;  conjunctiva 
suffused  ;  eyes  looked  brighter  than  usual.  Was  blistered,  and  got  a 
stimulating  mixture.  Next  day  delirium  continued  ;  complained  of 
difficulty  of  urinating  j  catheter  passed  brought  away  a  great  quantity 
of  urine.  Prostration  and  desire  to  commit  suicide  continuedj  always 
asking  for  a  knife  to  cut  something  tight  out  of  throat ;  tried  to  put  a 
handkerchief  and  the  bed  hangings  round  his  throat.  Gradually  re- 
covered.    (P.  Read,  New  South  fVaUs  Med,  Gax,^  iv,  43.) 

II*  A  woman,  aged  27,  of  bilious  temperament  and  robust  consti- 
tution, hitherto  in  enjoyment  of  perfect  health,  admitted  to  hospital  in 
consequence  of  suspected  syphilis  from  nursing  a  child.  Appearance 
good,  appetite,  all  functions,  and  pulse  normal,  nippies  slightly  exco- 
riated. On  4th  day  got  2  drachms  of  aeon,  extract.  5th. — The  same. 
6th. — 3  drachms.  7th. — \  oz.  8th. — Little  appetite,  skin  and  eyes 
slightly  yellow.  9th. — Jaundice  more  marked,  I  oz.  loth, — l^he 
vellow  colour  darker,  complains  of  nausea,  card ialgia,  anorexia  ;  must 
keep  her  bed,  i  oz.  nth, — At  n.  nausea,  vomiting,  and  delirium, 
expression  much  changed,  look  extinguished,  can  scarcely  speak 
audibly,  4  oz.  1 2th,,  n.,  very  restless,  got  out  of  bed  several  times, 
could  not  get  in  again  without  help,  is  tied  down,  great  anxiety  ;  no 
mefticine.  E.,  is  unable  to  speak,  lies  in  a  stupefied  state,  eyes  closed, 
facial  muscles  twitch,  trismus,  slow  labour<;d  breathing,  pulse  quick, 
irregular;  skin  burning  hot.  A  pound  of  blood  abstracted.  13th. 
— Jaundice  slightly  improved,  other  symptoms  increased,  abdomen 
swollen  ;  the  blood  drawn  has  a  yellow  surface  with  soft  crust. 
Another  venesection  j  barley  broth  with  6  grs.  tartar  emetic,  and  a 
clysters   with    20   grs.  of   tartar  emetic  in   each.      In   the  e.   much 


I    pound.       14th. — Soporous  state,   kboured 

Barley  broth  with  tartar  emetic  again  pre- 

night.     Foit-mortem, — Cerebral  vessels  full  of 

in    ventricles,  stomach    covered    with    black 

gangtenous  spots.     (Otto,  Rehen^  Hambg.,  1825,  pt.  i,  p.  377.) 

J  2,  A  man  who  had  a  very  small  wound  the  size  of  a  pin's  head 


worse.  Venesection  to 
breathing,  with  rattling, 
scribed,  but  she  died  at 
blood,  no   extravasation 


JI2 


ACONITUM, 


she  came  out  of  a  narrow^  dark,  hot  room  into  a  well- lighted  one. 
Vomiting  again  j  pulse  became  fuller,  Intermitted  every  fourth  beat  ; 
praxordial  oppression  less.  Pulse  rose  to  70,  and  later  to  lOO  ;  hkin 
hot  and  dry.  Next  day  pulse  small,  had  little  sleep,  tongue  furred, 
headache,  dying  away  of  hands.  Next  day  well.  Said  that  at  first  she 
felt  shooting  and  prickling  In  arms  and  fingers,  numbness  in  shoulders, 
tongue,  and  mouth,  then  in  legs  and  feet.  Later  feeling  of  swelling 
of  face  and  constriction  of  throat.  Face  blue  and  distorted  ;  wished  to 
go  to  bed  ;  legs  refused  their  office  ;  fell  down  on  stairs.  In  this  state 
she  was  found.     (Sherwin,  Lancet^  ir,  13-) 

3.  A  man,  aged  45,  had  been  treated  in  hospital  7  months  for  rheu- 
matism of  knee  without  benefit,  He  then  got  extract,  aeon.  ale.  in 
doses  of  2  to  5  grains,  with  good  effect  on  rheumatism.  The  supply 
being  exhausted,  a  new  extract  was  procured,  and  of  this  he  took 
5  grains*  In  J  h.  had  trembling  and  creeping  in  limbs  attended  by 
shooting  pain.  The  shooting  pain  increased,  the  trembling  changed 
to  convulsions.  A  taste  like  pepper  in  throat  and  mouth*  Soon  after- 
wards vomiting  of  contents  of  stomach.  During  the  convulsions  he 
lost  consciousness.  When  his  consciousness  returned  the  ty^s  were 
dazzled.  At  same  time  a  fixed  headache  as  if  a  hot  iron  were  bound 
round  head.  After  the  convulsions  profuse  sweat.  Pulse  unetjual  and 
slow.  5  h.  after  poison  had  been  taken,  pale  face,  with  expression  of 
anxiety  and  restlessness,  very  mobile  eyes,  impatience,  tosses  about 
restlessly,  and  constantly  changes  position  ;  speaks  much  and  rapidly  ; 
cold  tongue,  feeling  of  burning  in  fauces,  vomiting  of  slimy  stuff ; 
orthopnoea,  25  respirations  per  m.,  pulse  54,  unequal,  soft  ansi  full,  as 
though  blood  did  not  fill  the  arteries.  Mucous  rales  in  lungs  poste- 
riorly. Heart  beat  only  once  against  thoracic  wall  while  pulse  beat 
thrice,  but  contractions  of  I  ventricle  were  synchronous  with  pulse.  R. 
auricle  of  heart  seemed  to  be  in  a  constant  convulsed  state,  its  move- 
ments were  quick,  irregular,  and  in  no  relation  to  motions  of  ventricles. 
The  limbs  began  to  get  cold.  No  stool.  After  guaco,  ammonia  and 
rubbing  in  of  tinct.  canthar.  on  precordial  and  dorsal  region,  reaction 
set  in,  and  next  d,  he  was  well.  (Perevra,  Ga%.  dei  Hopiiaux^  26th 
March,  1839.) 

4.  A  man,  aged  35,  drank  forty  grammes  of  tinct.  aeon.  Imme- 
diately heat  and  constriction  in  throat  j  extreme  restlessness  and  could 
not  remain  in  one  place,  complained  of  throat,  and  of  burning  down 
oesophagus.  Extreme  anxiety,  tongue  whitish,  nausea  j  trembling  when 
walking,  staggering  gait.  Pain  in  fauces,  extreme  restlessness,  fear  of 
death,  In  8  m.  copious  vomiting.  In  ij  h.  cannot  stand  upright^ 
attacked  by  a  kind  of  convulsions  ;  upper  and  lower  extremities  drawn 
inwards,  fingers  dead,  thumbs  drawn  inwards,  fist  cannot  be  opened. 
Legs  adducted.  Face  covered  with  cold  clammy  sweat.  Eyes  turned 
upwards,  showing  only  whites.  Radial  and  temporal  arteries  pulseless. 
This  lasts  3  m.,  then  faininess.  Thinks  and  says  his  last  hour  has 
come.  Consciousness  intact,  but  is  quite  blind.  He  then  vomited 
small  quantities,  constant  nausea.  After  4^  h.  extreme  anxiety,  inter- 
mission of  attacks,  and  nausea.  An  emetic  caused  vomiting  without 
relief.     After  5  h.  sight  returaed^  but  fits  as  frequent  and  mure  violent 


ACONITUM. 


than  ever,  temperature  of  skin  sinks  every  moment ;  some  shivering 
followed  by  icy-coldness  j  countenance  hippocratici  head  drawn  strongly 
backwards;  cracking  of  joints  during  fits;  breathing  stertorous,  mucous 
rales  heard  at  a  distance.  Mind  quite  free,  not  the  slightest  pain. 
Palms  insensible,  he  does  not  feel  deep  pin-pricks.  Counter-irritants 
were  freely  employed  and  iodine  internally.  After  7  h,  reaction  com- 
menced, heart's  beats  again  perceptible,  pulse  stronger,  some  vomiting, 
return  of  warmth  and  general  comfort.  After  8  h.  appears  better, 
profuse  warm  sweat,  pulse  125,  sensibility  of  palms  returned,  respiration 
free.  He  recovered,  but  for  days  retained  in  his  features  the  expression 
of  fright.     (Devay,  Gaz*  med.  dt  Parh^  5th  Jan.,  1844,  p.  12.) 

5*  A  man  got  a  drachm  of  aeon.  Immediately  tightness  of  chest, 
pain  in  stomach,  vertiginous  obscuration  of  sight,  unaltered  pulse.  He 
grew  very  weak,  and  thought  he  must  die.  On  an  antidote  (bezoar 
caprarum)  being  given  he  felt  better  \  there  was  vomiting  with  anxiety, 
which  gave  him  hope,  but  he  felt  as  if  something  collected  in  his 
stomach.  Pain  in  occiput  and  throat,  delinum,  he  whistled  on  a  leaf. 
The  delirium  soon  passed  away.  Complained  of  pains  in  stomach, 
head,  jaws,  chest,  and  here  and  there  in  joints.  After  7  h,  pains  in  all 
joints  ;  abdomen  distended  as  M  he  were  dropsical ;  under  the  ribs 
tense,  painful  and  hard  ;  stitches  in  kidneys  ;  retention  of  urine ;  one 
arm  and  one  leg  paralysed.  Pulse  intermittent  and  febrile.  Some 
vomiting,  several  stools  during  d.,  complained  of  pressure  and  coldness 
in  stomach,  as  i^  a  stone  lay  there.  Then  came  on  a  severe  ophthalmia 
with  discharge,  the  pain  of  which  was  so  great  he  wished  to  die.  In 
8  h.  all  symptoms  were  gone,  and  in  the  m.  he  was  quite  well.  (Clau* 
DIUS  Richard,  SchenJtii  Observationes^  p.  876,  1 524.) 

6.  A  man,  aged  27,  got  one  drachm  aeon.  In  i  h,  begaji  to  vomit. 
He  got  7  grs.  of  bezoar.  Immediately  vomiting  of  green  bfle,  sen- 
sation as  if  a  ball  lay  on  scrobiculus  cordis,  that  rose  upwards  and  spread 
a  cool  air  over  crown  and  occiput;  then  paralytic  feeling  in  1.  arm  and 
leg,  impossibility  of  moving  them,  could  still  move  hand.  When  1.  side 
was  relieved  same  occurred  on  r»  side.  Complained  that  all  the  vessels 
in  his  body  grew  stiff;  vertigo,  burning  in  head  as  though  skull  were 
filled  with  boiling  water,  spasms  of  eyes  and  mouth,  a  very  severe  pain 
in  jaw  as  if  it  would  fall  off,  congested  eyes,  blue  face,  black  lips. 
Abdomen  as  if  distended  with  water.  Pulse  and  disposition  altered 
with  severity  of  symptoms;  sometimes  he  despaired  of  his. life,  some- 
times thought  he  would  recover ;  sometimes  he  was  quite  rational, 
sometimes  talked  nonsense  ;  sometimes  wept,  sometimes  sang.  Thirst 
for  cold  water.  He  three  times  lost  his  sights  and  three  times  said 
death  was  nigh.  Speech  unaffected.  In  7  h,  was  all  right.  (Mat- 
THlOLUS,  Comm.  in  I)isa>r\^  cap.  73,  1 561.) 

7.  A  man  ate  in  a  salad  an  unknown  quantity  of  aeon.  root.  He 
said  he  first  felt  tingling  heat  not  only  in  tongue  but  also  in  jaws,  so 
that  teeth  seemed  to  have  fallen  out.  He  imagined  his  face  was 
swollen  to  double  its  size.  The  tingling  heat  gradually  increased  until 
it  involved  the  whole  body,  especially  the  extremities.  He  felt  un- 
steadiness in  joints,  especially  knees  and  feet,  and  a  twitching  in  the 
tendons  so  that  he  could  scarcely  walk  across  the  roomp     He  thoughf 


114 


ACONITUM, 


he  felt  a  stoppage  and  interruption  of  the  c'  '  t  of  the  blood  in  all 
his  limbs  i  fruoi  wrists  to  finger- tips   and  iklcs  to  toes  he  Ml 

no  ctrcuktion  at  all.  Later  head  was  giddy,  milt  before  eyrt,  look 
wandering  i  he  had  a  constant  hunAOiing  hissing  noise  in  the  ears  till 
the  e«  came  on.  When  seen  at  n,  lay  with  head  propped  up,  eyes 
staring,  teeth  spasmcKlically  closed,  hands,  feet,  and  forehcajd  covered 
with  cold  sweat,  pulse  could  not  be  felt,  breathing  scarcely  perceptible, 
head  drawn  backwards.  After  emeiics  and  stimulants  made  speedy 
recovery,     (Vincent  Bacon,  PhIL  Tram.^  xxxviii,  287.) 

8.  A  gentleman  drank  at  1 1  a.m,  a  oz*  tinct,  aeon*  root.  In  a  kw 
minutes  appeared  strange.  Went  out.  Returned  at  2*10  p.m.  \  went 
to  bed  \  appeared  drunk.  Semi-delirious ;  very  flushed  face  \  intense 
dyspncra;  bathed  in  icy  cotd  sweat;  pupils  widely  dilated*  Had  walked 
to  a  friend's  house,  eot  a  biscuit  and  wine,  and  returned  walking.  On 
his  way  felt  as  if  hislegs  would  give  way  under  him,  and  vomited  freely. 
Hot  bricks  in  bed,  extra  blankets  and  brandy,  and  strong  coiFce  ;  pulse 
not  perceptible;  heart  sounds  faintly  heard.  At  3.30  violent  vomitings 
got  zinc  emetic,  which  brought  away  grumous  fluid.  4  p.m.  Dcliriym 
continued  ;  great  muscular  prostration  ;  no  pulse  at  wrist ;  temp  89^, 
At  4.30  castor-oil,  which  soon  acted  ;  pupils  widely  dilated  ;  great 
dyspnoea,  almost  suffocating  him  i  rallied  by  sinapisms  and  rubbing  aJid 
hot  bricks.  5*30  p-m.  Tonic  spasm,  lasting  considerable  time  \  temp. 
84° ;  pulse  imperceptible.  Hands  and  nails  slate-blue.  Hot  corFce 
and  brandy  and  water.  At  la  heart-sounds  more  distinct;  diplopia  ; 
intense  thirst ,  temp.  89^ ;  no  power  over  lower  exiremtties  ;  great 
tingling  and  numbness  in  arms  ;  sleepy.  Next  d.,  4  a.m,,  pulse 
perceptible  at  wrist  j  dyspncea  better  j  temp.  95*4*^*  At  9  some  sleep, 
refreshing  j  conscious  ;  saw  double  ;  pupils  widely  dilated.  Recovered 
in  two  days  \  pupils  remained  dilated  three  days.  (L.  H,  JoK£S,  Briim 
Mid.  Journ.^  1877,  i,  258.} 

9.  A  gentleman  drank  some  coffee.  The  coffee  strainer  had 
been  used  for  preparing  aconite  tinct.  He  went  out  for  a  walk  \  had 
tingling  sensation  in  mouth.  Tongue  felt  too  large,  lips  and  face 
tingled,  creeping  sensation  down  both  arms  and  thighs,  giddiness, 
swimming  before  eyes,  great  weakness,  inability  to  standi  stiffness  in 
neck  and  back,  head  felt  as  if  in  a  vice  and  was  very  heavy  ;  felt  that 
he  wanted  to  draw  a  long  breath  continually  ;  when  he  did  so  the 
giddiness  was  relieved.  Symptoms  gradually  abated*  (HEAOLANOy 
Lancet^  1856,  i,  342,) 

10.  A  cabinet-maker  about  16  d.  ago  had  felt  very  unwell,  suffer- 
ing from  iniluenza.  At  recommendation  of  friend  took  homcropathic 
tinct.  aeon.  (dil.  not  stated)  In  2-drop  doses  with  benefit.  Sent  to 
chemist  for  more.  Got  strong  B.  P,  tinct.  Took  4  drops  every  4  h., 
then  felt  very  excitable,  with  prickly  sensation  over  skin  \  this  went 
off  in  2  h.  Repeated  dose,  and  felt  low-spirited  and  thoroughly 
miserable.  Took  5  drops  with  return  of  despondency  and  prickly 
feeling,  tingling  hot  feeling  in  throat,  eyes  restless,  could  not  sleep, 
body  burned  with  fervent  heat.  On  attempting  to  work  fell  back  on 
bench  from  weakness.  Memory  much  affected  ;  strange  fancies 
possessed  him  ^  gave  away  a  sovereign   for  a  shillings  objects  in  the 


ACONITUM. 


lis 


gobliiiS)    iiCj   about 
rambled  incoherently. 
78  J  great  oppression 


light  seemed  to  grow  bigger  and  bigger*  Left  off  aeon,  for  2  d,,  but 
strange  feelings  remained.  Sent  for  more  aeon.  A  friend  gave  him  4. 
drops;  2  h.  later  took  by  mistake  about  55  drops,  and  went  to  bed. 
Soon  felt  choking  prickly  sensation,  with  violent  pain  in  stomach  and 
bowels,  as  if  a  big  needle  were  travelling  through  them  j  body  seemed 
dry,  and  he  felt  as  if  it  had  been  wasted  (?)  ;  felt  wretched  and  in- 
clined to  destroy  himself  When  seen  next  morning  was  highly 
delirious,   talking   all   sorts   of  noftense,   imagining  strange   figures, 

bed,  but  rational  at  times.  Mistook  people, 
Shaking  all  over,  but  said  he  was  warm  ;  pulse 

over  cardiac  reg^ion  ;  fluttering  in  chest ;  head- 
ache ;  respiration  at  one  time  slow,  then  quick  and  shallow.  Greatly 
exhausted  -,  any  exertion  caused  prostration,  with  quick  shallow  breath- 
ing, and  diminished  impulse  of  heart.  Thirst,  tingling  in  legs,  arms^ 
mouth,  throat,  and  tightness  in  throat  below  larynx,  which  he  said 
wanted  cutting.  At  night  in  delirium  attempted  to  cut  his  throat  with 
a  razor.  Tongue  large,  thick^  tremulous  ;  sensation  not  much  dimi- 
nished  ;  pupils  slightly  dilated,  but  sensitive  to  h'ght  i  conjunctiva 
suffused  I  eyes  looked  brighter  than  usual.  Was  blistered,  and  got  a 
stimulating  mixture.  Next  day  delirium  continued  j  complained  of 
difficulty  of  urinating  ;  catheter  passed  brought  away  a  great  quantity 
of  urine.  Prostration  and  desire  to  commit  suicide  continued,  always 
asking  for  a  knife  to  cut  something  tight  out  of  throat  ^  tried  to  put  a 
handkerchief  and  the  bed  hangings  round  his  throat.  Gradually  re- 
covered,    (P.  Read,  New  South  Wales  Med.  Gax,^  iv,  43,) 

11,  A  woman,  aged  27,  of  bilious  temperament  and  robust  consti- 
tution, hitherto  in  enjoyment  of  perfect  health,  admitted  to  hospital  in 
consequence  of  suspected  syphilis  from  nursing  a  child.  Appearance 
good,  appetite,  all  functions,  and  pulse  normal,  nipples  slightly  exco- 
riated. On  4ih  day  got  2  drachms  of  aeon,  extract*  5th. — The  same, 
6th, — 3  drachms.  7th. — 4  ^^*  8^^- — Little  appetite,  skin  and  eyes 
slightly  yellow,  9th, — Jaundice  more  marked,  I  oz,  loth, — The 
yellow  colour  darker,  complains  of  nausea,  card ialgia,  anorexia  ;  must 
keep  her  bed,  i  oz.  nth, —  At  n,  nausea,  vomiting,  and  delirium, 
expression  much  changed,  look  extinguished,  can  scarcely  speak 
audibly,  4  oz.  12th,,  n.,  very  restless,  got  out  of  bed  several  times, 
could  not  get  in  again  without  help,  is  tied  down,  great  anxiety  j  no 
medicine*  £.,  is  unable  to  speak,  lies  in  a  stupefied  state,  eyes  closed, 
facial  muscles  twitch,  trismus,  slow  laboured  breathing,  pulse  quick, 
irregular;  skin  burning  hot.  A  pound  of  blood  abstracted.  13th. 
— Jaundice  slightly  improved,  other  symptoms  increased,  abdomen 
swollen  ;  the  blood  drawn  has  a  yellow  surface  with  soft  crust. 
Another  venesection ;  barley  broth  with  6  grs,  tartar  emetic,  and  2 
clysters  with  20  grs,  of  tartar  emetic  in  each.  In  the  e.  much 
worse.  Venesection  to  I  pound,  14th, — Soporous  state,  laboured 
breathing,  with  rattling.  Barley  broth  with  tartar  emetic  again  pre* 
scribed,  but  she  died  at  night.  Post-mortem. — Cerebral  vessels  full  of 
blood,  no   extravasation    in    ventricles,  stomach    covered    with    black 

Igangrenous  spots.      (Otto,  Reisen^  Hambg.,  1825,  pt,  J,  p,  377.) 

1 2.  A  man  who  had  a  very  small  wound  the  size  of  a  pin's  head 


7i8 


ACONITINDM. 


Aconitintllll. — An  alkaloid  con  tamed  in  A.  napelliis,  and  also  in 
all  other  species  of  Aconitum  save  the  lycoctonum.  The  German  and 
French  preparations  differ  widely  in  strength,  as  seen  in  two  of  the 
cases  of  poisoning  which  follow  ;  the  former  is  amorphous,  the  latter 
crystalline.  What  is  commonly  called  "English  Aconitine "  i$  a 
secret  preparation  of  Morson's  and  is  believed  to  be  made  from  the  A. 
ferox.  The  alkaloid  most  abundant  in  this  plant  differs  somewhat  from 
ordinary  aconitine  in  chemical  composition,  and  has  been  called 
"  pseudo-aconitine ;"  and  SchrofFs  statement  that  the  ferox  causes 
much  dyspnoea  but  no  facial  neuralgia  is  supported  by  the  comparative 
results  of  the  provings  of  Harley  and  Hottot  respectively-  The 
aconitine  of  Messrs.  T,  and  H.  Smith,  of  Edinburgh,  seems  identical 
with  thatof  Morson  ;  but  the  preparation  of  the  British  Pharmaco[>oeia 
is  made  from  the  A,  napellus,  and  would  represent  that  of  the  French 
and  German  observers, 

1,  Provings, — i.  Dworzack, — Immediately  after  taking  it,  eructa* 
tions  and  rumbling  In  bowels  ;  head  and  face  became  suddenly  warm  ; 
warmth  extended  over  rest  of  body,  was  most  intense  in  region 
of  stomach,  and  was  accompanied  by  sweat.  Then  arose  peculiar 
drawing,  pressing  sensation  in  cheeks,  upper  jaws,  forehead,  in  short 
through  whole  tract  of  trigeminus^  increasing  by  degrees  in  intensity, 
alternating  with  actual  pain,  which,  at  first  occasional  and  fugitive, 
finally  became  steady  and  severe.  Pulse  at  beginning,  coincioently 
with  accession  of  warmth,  was  more  frequent ;  but  soon  after  sank 
below  regular  standard,  was  small,  weak,  and  at  times  dicrotic.  Pupil 
showed  at  first  an  unusual  mobility,  was  at  one  moment  greater,  at 
another  smaller,  but  finally  became  so  much  dilated  that  only  a  small 
ring  of  iris  could  be  seen.  Fulness  of  head  becomes  more  marked  ; 
there  sets  In  ringing  in  ears  and  feeling  of  pressure  there,  giddiness,  and 
distraction.  Flow  of  ideas  is  sluggish,  long  reflection  impossible,  and 
power  of  attention  much  impaired.  After  slightest  mental  exertion 
the  head-  and  face-ache  become  very  intense.  There  is  a  certain 
amount  of  relaxation  in  the  limbs,  and  every  muscular  exertion— such, 
for  instance,  as  going  upstairs — is  accompanied  by  unusual  fatigue  and 
prostration,  and  by  increase  of  pain  in  head  and  face.  Flow  of  urine 
very  much  increased. 

As  regards  difference  of  symptoms  according  to  different  dosage, — 
eructations,  rumbling  in  bowels,  drawing  stretching  feeling  in  tri- 
geminal tract,  and  primary  rise  and  subsequent  fall  of  pulse,  were  always 
present.  A  dose  of  0^004  gramme  was  always  followed  by  heat, 
tightness,  and  pain  in  head,  lasting  only  a  few  hours ;  while  after  O'oi 
gramme  the  symptoms  recurred  the  day  following  trial  on  any  attempt 
at  mental  or  bodily  activity.  After  0*02  and  0*03  grammes,  pulse  sank 
to  two  thirds  of  norma!  standard^  and  remained  thus  low  for  more  than 
24  h,,  and  for  same  length  of  time  continued  also  pain  in  face  and 
head,  feeling  of  fatigue,  weakness  of  memory,  &c.  Not  until  second 
day  after  experiment,  when  these  doses  were  given,  did  condition 
become  normal.     (Schroff,  Prager  Fierteljy  ii.) 

2.  Heinrich. — 005  gramme.  Taste  disagreeable  and  disgustingly 
bitter  \  m  10  m/burning  sensation  on  tip  of  tongue  and  on  lipsi  pulse 


ACONITINUM. 


119 


at  first  accelerated,  but  afterwards  became  slower^  falUng  In  i|  h.  to 
47 — 5^  ;  whole  body  warm,  perspiration  set  in,  head  dull  and  heavy, 
and  therewith  exhaustion  and  weakness  ;  crawling  sensation  in  the  face, 
and  feeling  as  if  epidermis  were  scaling  off ;  on  skin  appeared  red  spots 
as  if  from  punctures  i  pupils  dilated,  pain  in  head  and  face,  roaring  in 
cars,  weakness  of  muscles,  and  difficulty  of  respiration.  Eructations 
and  rumblings  in  bowels  did  not  set  in  till  2  h.  after  dose  had  been 
taken.  After  supper  burning  sensation  all  over  mucous  membrane  of 
mouth.  The  head-  and  face-ache  lasted  all  the  evening,  as  did  also  the 
debility  ;  sleep  disturbed*  Day  after  proving  pain  in  head  and  face 
returned,  together  with  forgetfulness  and  trembling  of  legs. 

Even  from  smaller  doses  these  symptoms  were  constant, — accelera- 
tion of  pulse  at  first  and  retardation  afterwards,  burning  on  tongue,  and 
pain  in  face  and  head  (particularly  In  the  course  of  the  supra-orbitaJ 
nerve).  A  dose  of  0*01  gramme  was  followed  besides  by  inclination 
to  cough,  cough  with  easy  expectoration,  dryness  in  throat,  eructation 
and  exhaustion.     {Ibid,) 

3,  HoTTOT. — Effects  (of  preparation  known  by  his  name)  on  self 
and  two  others, 

a.  When  a,  is  applied  to  a  sensitive  part  of  skin,  whether  in  solu- 
tion in  alcohol  or  as  a  pommade,  it  soon  produces  feeling  of  warmth, 
then  of  burning,  accompanied  with  sharp  pains  and  itchings ;  later  on^ 
one  experiences  weight  and  numbness  in  parts  affected,  they  seem  to 
be  compressed  by  a  heavy  weight ;  at  other  times  skin  seems  as  though 
heaved  up  and  contracted  by  muscles  beneath ;  its  colour  is  not  modi- 
fied ;  there  is  anaesthesia.  These  symptoms  last  several  hours,  some- 
times a  whole  day  \.  they  are  never  followed  by  general  disturbances. 

if.  Almost  immediately  after  taking  3  milligrammes  internally  one 
experiences  all  over  buccal  mucous  membrane  sensation  of  acridity  and 
heat,,  which  travels  rapidly  to  throat  and  later  to  stomach.  This  feeling 
soon  becomes  more  and  more  acute;  there  is  burning  and  numbness  of 
lips,  tongue  and  pharynx  ;  at  same  time  occurs  salivation,  often  very 
abundant.  To  these  local  effects  general  phenomena  are  soon  super- 
added i  one  first  experiences  malaise,  feebleness,  weight  about  head  ; 
then  nausea,  frequent  yawning,  oppression,  and  very  pronounced  mus- 
cular enfeeblcment.  Pulse  rises,  but  to  a  slight  extent  only.  Skin  is 
moist.  One  is  sensible  of  creeping^  on  various  parts  of  the  body,  and 
more  particularly  on  the  face  and  extremities.  After  a  variable  space 
of  time  depression  increases,  there  is  headache,  often  darting  pains  in 
face,  sometimes  accompanied  by  vomiting.  Muscular  enfeeblcment 
greater,  creeping?  more  palpable,  especially  during  immobility  j  limbs 
are  as  though  benumbed,  face  tense  and  swollen ;  pulse  falls,  respira- 
tion is  difficult, sensation  of  burning  in  throat  becomes  painful;  profuse 
perspirations.  Later  on  there  is  general  prostration  ;  bruised  feeling  in 
limbs;  difficulty  in  grasping  objects;  the  least  effort  exhausts,  one 
feels  enervated;  respiration  is  slow  and  deep,  pulse  markedly  lowered. 
Mind  remains  cJear;  rarely  any  tendency  to  sleep;  pupil  dilated,  but 
far  less  energetically  than  by  atropine ;  dilatation  develops  slowly  and 
mostly  ceases  under  influence  of  brilliant  light.  These  symptoms  last 
from  10  to  16  h.,  little  by  little  pulse  rises,  respiration  becomes  more 


ii8 


ACONITINUM. 


Aconitiniun. — An  alkaloid  contained  in  A.  napellus,  and  also  in 
all  other  species  of  Aconitum  save  the  l)'coctonunn*     The  German  and 
French  preparations  differ  widely  in   strength,  as  seen  in   two  of  the 
cases  of  poisoning  which  follow  ;    the  former  is  amorphous,  the  latter 
crystalline.      What  is    commonly  called  "  English  Aconitinc  **  is  a 
secret  preparation  of  Morson*8  and  is  believed  to  be  made  from  the  A. 
ferox*     The  alkaloid  most  abundant  in  this  plant  differs  somewhat  from 
ordinary    aconicine   in   chemical    composition,    and    has    been    called  i 
"  pseudo-aconitine ;"    and  SchrofTs  statement  that  the  ferox   causes 
much  dyspnoea  but  no  facial  neuralgia  is  supported  by  the  comparative 
results  of  the   provings  of  Harley  and    Hottot    respectively.      The 
aconitinc  of  Messrs.  T,  and   H.  Smith,  of  Edinburgh,  seems  identical 
with  thatof  Morson  ;  but  the  preparation  of  the  British  Pharmacopeia, 
is  made  from  the  A.  napellus,  and  would  represent  that  of  the  French^ 
and  German  observers. 

L  Prcvings, — I*  DwoRZACK. — Immediately  after  taking  it,  eructa- 
tions and  rumbling  in  bowels  ;  head  and  face  became  suddenly  warm  ; 
warmth  extended  over  rest  of  body,  was  most  intense  in  region 
of  stomach,  and  was  accompanied  by  sweat.  Then  arose  peculiar 
drawing,  pressing  sensation  in  checks,  upper  jaws,  forehead,  in  short  j 
through  whole  tract  of  trigeminus,  increasing  by  degrees  in  intensity," 
alternating  with  actual  pain,  which,  at  first  occasional  and  fugitive, 
finally  became  steady  and  severe.  Pulse  at  beginning,  coincidentiy 
with  accession  of  warmth,  was  more  frequent ;  but  soon  after  sank 
below  regular  standard,  was  small,  weak,  and  at  times  dicrotic.  Pupil 
showed  at  first  an  unusual  mobility,  was  at  one  moment  greater,  at 
another  smaller,  but  finally  became  so  much  dilated  that  only  a  smdl 
ring  of  iris  could  be  seen.  Fulness  of  head  becomes  more  marked  | J 
there  sets  in  ringing  in  ears  and  feeling  of  pressure  there,  giddiness,  and 
distraction.  Flow  of  ideas  is  sluggish,  long  reflection  impossible,  and 
power  of  attention  much  impaired.  After  slightest  mental  exertion i 
the  head-  and  face-ache  become  Mtty  intense*  There  is  a  cerfain 
amount  of  relaxation  in  the  limbs,  and  every  muscular  exertion — sucK, 
for  instance,  as  going  upstairs — is  accompanied  by  unusual  fatigue  and 
prostration,  and  by  increase  of  pain  in  head  and  face*  Flow  of  urine 
very  much  increased. 

As  regards  difference  of  symptoms  according  to  different  dosage, — 
eructations,  rumbling  in  bowels,  drawing  stretching  feeling  in  tri* 
geminal  tract,  and  primary  rise  and  subsequent  fall  of  pulse,  were  always 
present,  A  dose  of  0*004  gramme  was  always  followed  by  heat, 
tightness,  and  pain  in  head,  lasting  only  a  few  hours ;  while  after  o*oi 
gramme  the  symptoms  recurred  the  day  following  trial  on  any  attempt 
at  mental  or  bodily  activity.  After  0'02  and  0*03  grammes,  pulsesanlcJ 
to  two  thirds  of  normal  standard,  and  remained  thus  low  for  more  than ' 
24  h.,  and  for  same  length  of  time  continued  also  pain  in  face  and 
bead,  feeling  of  fatigue,  weakness  of  memory,  &c.  Not  until  second 
day  after  experiment,  when  these  doses  were  given,  did  condition 
become  normal.     (Schroff,  Prager  Fierteljy  ii.) 

2.  HfiiNRiCH. — 0*05  gramme.     Taste  disagreeable  and  disgust in|1]rl 
bitter  ;  in  10  m.  burning  sensation  on  tip  of  tongue  and  an  lips  i  pdm 


ACONITINUIVL 


at  first  accelerated,  but  afterwards  became  slower,  falling  in  i}  h,  to 
47 — 52  ;  whole  body  warm,  perspiration  set  in,  head  dull  and  heavy, 
and  therewith  exhaustion  and  weakness  ;  crawling  sensation  in  the  face, 
and  feeh'ng  as  if  epidermis  were  scaling  off  j  on  skin  appeared  red  spots 
as  if  from  punctures  i  pupils  dilated,  pain  in  head  and  face,  roaring  in 
ears,  weakness  of  muscles,  and  difHcutty  of  respiration.  Eructations 
and  rumblings  tn  bowels  did  not  set  In  till  2  h*  after  dose  had  been 
taken*  After  supper  burning  sensation  all  over  mucous  membrane  of 
mouth.  The  head-  and  face-ache  lasted  all  the  evening,  as  did  also  the 
debility  i  sleep  disturbed.  Day  after  proving  pain  in  head  and  face 
returned,  together  with  forgetfulness  and  trembling  of  legs. 

Even  from  smaller  doses  these  symptoms  were  constant, — accelera- 
tion of  pulse  at  first  and  retardation  afterwards,  burning  on  tongue,  and 
pain  in  face  and  head  (particularly  In  the  course  of  the  supra-orbital 
nerve).  A  dose  of  0*01  gramme  was  followed  besides  by  inclination 
to  cough,  cough  with  easy  expectoration,  dryness  in  throat,  eructation 
and  exhaustion.     {Ibid.) 

3,  HoTTOT. — Effects  (of  preparation  known  by  his  name)  on  self 
and  two  others, 

a*  When  a«  is  applied  to  a  sensitive  part  of  skin,  whether  in  solu- 
tion in  alcohol  or  as  a  pom  made,  it  soon  produces  feeling  of  warmth, 
then  of  burning,  accompanied  with  sharp  pains  and  itchings  \  later  on, 
one  experiences  weight  and  numbness  in  parts  affected,  they  seem  to 
be  compressed  by  a  heavy  weight  j  at  other  times  skin  seems  as  though 
heaved  up  and  contracted  by  muscles  beneath  ;  its  colour  is  not  modi* 
fied  J  there  is  anaesthesia.  These  symptoms  last  several  hours,  some- 
times a  whole  day  ;  they  are  never  followed  by  general  disturbances, 

b.  Almost  immediately  after  taking  3  milligrammes  internally  one 
experiences  all  over  buccal  mucous  membrane  sensation  of  acridity  and 
beat,  which  travels  rapidly  to  throat  and  later  to  stomach.  This  feeling 
soon  becomes  more  and  more  acute;  there  is  burning  and  numbness  of 
lips,  tongue  and  pharynx ;  at  same  time  occurs  salivation,  often  very 
abundant.  To  these  local  effects  general  phenomena  are  soon  super- 
added ;  one  first  experiences  malaise,  feebleness,  weight  about  head  i 
then  nausea,  frequent  yawning,  oppression,  and  very  pronounced  mus* 
cular  enfeeblement.  Pulse  rises,  but  to  a  slight  extent  only.  Skin  is 
moist.  One  is  sensible  of  creeping^  on  various  parts  of  the  body,  and 
more  particularly  on  the  face  and  extremities*  After  a  variable  space 
of  time  depression  increases,  there  is  headache,  often  darting  pains  m 
face,  sometimes  accompanied  by  vomiting.  Muscular  enfeeblement 
greater,  creepings  more  palpable,  especially  during  immobility  ;  limbs 
are  as  though  benumbed,  face  tense  and  swollen  ;  pulse  falls,  respira- 
tion is  difficult,  sensation  of  burning  in  throat  becomes  painful;  profuse 
perspirations.  Later  on  there  is  general  prostration ;  bruised  feeling  in 
limbs;  difficulty  in  grasping  objects;  the  least  effort  exhausts,  one 
feels  enervated ;  respiration  is  slow  and  deep,  pulse  markedly  lowered. 
Mind  remains  clear;  rarely  any  tendency  to  sleep;  pupil  dilated,  but 
far  less  energetically  than  by  atropine ;  dilatation  develops  slowly  and 
mostly  ceases  under  influence  of  brilliant  light.  These  symptoms  last 
from  10  to  16  h.,  little  by  little  pulse  rises,  respiration  becomes  more 


ACONITINUM, 


of  tongue,  gencril 

9 JO.   Burning  of 

9,15.  Cre^-pin*^  m 


free,  strength  nllic^;,  suspended  appetite  revivor  fn  x  word  everrthing 
gets  into  good  ouIlt  again.  The  sympturas  which  pctsisc  to  the  Jait 
arc  acridity  of  throaty  weight  about  head,  and  prostmiion, 

f,  ObiiTvathn. — 8.30  a.m.     Six  granules  of  a.  of  \  milligramme 
each;  pulse  68-     8.40-  Feeling  of  heat  in  stomach*     8.50,  General 
malaise,  yawnings,  eructationSf  turns  of  nau»ea,     9.    Gfemt  heat  of 
I      stomach;    pubc   76;    burning   sensation    at   tip 
L    debility,  muscular  cnfccblcmctit,  turns  of  nausea. 
I     lips,  throaty  and  whole  buccal  mucous  membrane. 
f     face  and  fore-arms  ;  pulse  84,     9.30.  Oppression,  headac ' 
^jcridity  and   burning  of  throat  much  more  marked,  *ah 
^^Bcneraj  depression,  great  muscular  cnfecblement,  sweats  ;  pulse  W  \ 
^^urns  of  nausea,  vomiting.     11.  Creeplngs  in  face,  which  seems  swollen 
r     and  tense,  also    in   fore- arms  and  hands,  which  are  benumbed   and 
'     heavy;  pulse  60.     12.   Breathing  irksome ;  pain  at  temple  and  aloii 
course   of  supra-orbital    nerve  \    abundant    perspirations  \    |>wpil    n«  _ 
dilated  ;    burning  sensation  very  painful  in  whole  mouth  and   larynx  ; 
lips  benumbed  \  abundant  salivation,  entire  want  of  appetttc^  occasional^ 
nausea.     l  p.m.  Same  symptoms  ;    complete  prostration  of  strengtii 
heavy  gait,  general  enervation,  slight  tendency  to  sleep.     3  p.m.  Head- 
ache with  constriction  at  the  temples,  pupil  dilated,  respiration  diflScuk  ; 
pulse  52.     5   p.m.  Same   symptoms  \    sensibility  appears  to  diministlMi 
especially  in  hands  and  cheeks  ;  mind  is  clear,  no  drowsiness.     7  p.i 
The  symptoms  appear  to  amend,  the  head  clears,  the  creeping^  dimini^l 
the  depression   is  less  \    pulse  60.     8  p.m.  There  is  marked  improv 
ment ;    respiration  easier,  acridity,  dryness  and  burning  of  the  throat 
less  pronounced  ;  there  is,  however,  feebleness  and  general  lassitude  i 
pupil  remains  dilated  ;  pulse  68.     8,30.  Easy  sleep  without  agitation 
or  dreams.     The  following  day  on  waking  there  remain  no  traces  of 
the  effects  of  a. 

One  notes  in  this  observation    that  the  irritant  action  of  the  a« 

I      upon  the  mucous  membranes  of  the  mouth  and  pharynx   made  ii:u;lf 

^|klt  only-gradually.     This  is  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  a.,  having  been 

BKonveyed  directly  into  the  stomach  in  the  form  of  granules,  could  only 

exert  its  irritant  action  mediately  ;  when,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  taken 

in  solution,  and   is  consequently  in  direct  contact  with  the  mucous 

membrane,  its    local  effects    make  themselves  felt    almost   instantly. 

(UAcomtinettseseffetSy  1863.) 

4.  J.  Harley. — Subject  of  following  observations  was  m  large  btit 
lethargic  man,  aged  54,  lamed  by  chronic  sciatica.  Pupils  were  a  little 
unequal  \  at  a  given  light  r.  was  |,  1.  ^.  Pulse  was  66,  regular^  of 
good  volume  and  power;   respirations  16  to  17. 

In  order  to  test  the  value  of  the  following  observations,  I  watched 
the  effect  of  complete  rest  of  mind  and  body  on  the  respiration  and 
pulse  during  2^  h.  as  he  sat  still  without  once  rising  from  his  seat. 
After  I J  h.  pulse  was  61,  of  initial  volume  and  power,  respirations  16  j 
there  was  slight  somnolency.  After  2^  h.  pulse  was  58,  not  changed 
appreciably  in  volume  and  power,  and  respirations  were  15;  pupds 
were  unchanged. 


I 

i 
i 


ACONITINUAl 


12 1 


I 

I 

I 
I 

I 
I 


tf.  The  Y^th  of  a  grain  of  a.,*  taken  by  mouth  at  intervals  of 
3  d.,  always  caused  slight  tingling  in  mouth  and  face^  coming  on 
within  I  h.  and  lasting  for  2  or  3  h.  On  another  occasion,  after  gr. 
YTT'i  ^  ^^^^^  glowing  feeling  in  addition  was  perceptible  throughout 
body,  and  there  was  a  little  somnolency.  On  another  occasion, 
gr*  Y^  converted  glowing  feeling  into  a  numbing  glow — a  comfort 
able  feeling  as  if  he  were  going  oft*  to  sleep,  and,  if  he  did  not  move 
about,  actual  somnolency.  These  effects  attained  their  maximum 
2  h.  after  dose  j  he  felt  warmer  while  they  continued,  and  there  was 
at  the  time  and  afterwards  some  difficulty  in  voiding  urine. 

L  Pulse  being  66  and  respirations  17,  he  took  gr,  y^,  and  did  not 
rise  from  chair  for  3  h.  After  40  m,  pulse  60,  unchangedj  respirations 
17;  somnolency  coming  on.  After  i|  h,,  pulse  58,  unchanged; 
respirations  16;  pupils  unchanged.  Had  slept  for  20  m. ;  a  generil 
glow  pervaded  body.  After  3  h.  pulse  56,  unchanged,  unaffected  by 
deep  inspirations  ;  respirations  16,  regular.  The  glow  and  somnolency 
continued,  and  he  had  dozed  several  limes  ;  tongue  and  pupils  un- 
changed, and  he  felt  comfortable  throughout. 

€,  On  another  occasion,  after  sitting  still  for  ij  h.,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  pulse  was  60,  respirations  17  to  16,  I  gave  him  gr.  j^y^. 
After  li  h.  pulse  54,  unchanged  in  volume  and  power;  tongue  and 
pupils  unchanged.  After  3  h,  pulse  52,  of  initial  volume  and  power  i 
respirations  16,  natural  j  pupils  very  slightly  dilated  (?).  He  felt  warm 
and  dozed  much  after  the  medicine. 

</.  He  then  took  gr.  -^  repeatedly,  at  intervals  of  3  d.^  at  9  a.m. 
The  effects  were  uniform.  The  medicine  "  upset  him  ''  very  much  all 
d. ;  he  felt  languid  and  sleepy  ;  could  not  hold  his  head  up  or  keep  his 
eyes  open.  He  was  giddy,  and  could  not  walk  across  room  without 
help  ;  vision  was  hazy  ;  erect  position  induced  nausea.  He  could  not 
cat  much  on  the  medicine  days  on  account  of  a  diificulty  of  swallowing 
and  a  pain  in  back  of  neck  and  behind  jaws  in  parotid  region,  so  that 
in  eating  he  had  to  press  back  of  neck  with  hand.  A  glowing, 
tingling  feeling  pervaded  the  body,  and  there  was  a  burning  feeling  in 
the  gullet,  as  if  a  hot  coal  were  there.  The  tingling  in  mouth  and  face 
came  on  within  ^  h.,  the  somnolency  after  i  J  or  2  h.  At  first  he  slept 
for  I  h,,  but  afterwards  sleep  was  dreamy  and  broken*  Giddiness, 
dimness  of  vision  and  muscultir  weakness  were  most  marked  within 
6th  and  joth  h.  There  was  always  some  dysuria,  and  occasionally 
retention  with  hypogastric  pain.  Nausea  was  generally  a  prominent 
symptom,  and  pain  in  neck  often  remained  until  next  d. 

I  kept  him  under  observation  for  3  h.  after  one  dose,  but  could 
detect  no  appreciable  effect  on  either  pulse,  pupils,  or  breathing.  At 
the  end  of  this  time  pulse  was  60,  of  good  volume  and  power,  a  trifle 
more  compressible  perhaps  than  before  the  dose  j  but  this  will  always 
be  found  the  case  after  a  long  rest  of  mind  and  body,  and  with  a 
tendency  to  sleep.  The  respirations  1 7,  regular  and  easy  ;  tongue  and 
pupils  unchanged. 

e.  These  observations  were  repeated  on  two  other  adult  males  with 

•  The  pure  crystallised  aconitia  of  Mr.  Morson,  or  of  Messrs.  T.  and  H.  Smithy 
of  Edinburgh,  was  employed  in  every  case. 


ACONITINUM. 


uniform  results*  Doses  ranging  from  gr.  ^  to  gr.  |^  alwap  produce 
decided  aconitism,  general  numbness  and  tingling^  but  most  marked  in 
face  and  throat ;  nausea,  giddiness,  somnolency,  and  muscular  weak- 
ness* This  latter  is  always  a  prominent  effect,  an4  strongly  re^moles 
ihe  condition  induced  by  hemlock* 

f.  F*  G — ,  aged  12,  a  well-dcvcloped  boy,  afflicted  with  cpilepsr. 
T1)e  j^th  of  a  grain  given  repeatedly  at  intervals  uf  3  d.  produced 
following  effects  : 

After  I  h.  tingling  pricking  sensation  running  up  legs  to  spine  and 
head,  and  tingling  of  fingers ;  much  giddiness  and  somnolency,  but 
sleep  disturbed  by  frequent  awakings.  After  2  h.  unable  to  walk  or 
even  stand  without  great  exertion,  and  on  rising  from  recumbent 
posture  was  unable  to  sec  for  a  m,,  and  there  was  nausea.  The  effects 
lasted  for  7  or  8  h.,  after  which  he  slept  quite  comfortably,  and  felt 
quite  well  the  next  d.  I  was  unable  to  discover  any  influence  on  the 
breathing,  pulse,  pupiU|  or  tongue,  nor  was  there  any  diminution  of 
temperature. 

This  observation  was  repeated  with  uniform  results  on  another  bojr, 
aged  9,     [St.  Thomas's  H&sp,  Reports^  v,  146,) 

5.  Reil  dissolved  gr.  i^  In  200  drops  of  alcohol,  and  took  from  5  to 
^o  drops  (gr.  ^  to  -J^),  diluted  with  water,  in  gradually  increasing 
doses*  He  experienced  feeling  of  fulness  in  cheeks  and  temples, 
which  by  degrees  was  exchanged  for  a  painful  sense  of  tension,  fortni- 
cation,  and  prickling  ;  the  temples  throbbed,  the  head  ached,  the  eyes 
felt  strained,  the  pupils  were  dilated,  the  sight  was  obscure,  there  wm$ 
oppressed  and  sighing  breathing,  ringing  in  the  ears,  and  increased 
urination.  There  was  also  a  sense  of  heat  in  the  stomach,  with  eruc* 
tacion,  and,  for  3  d.  following,  nocturnal  pollutions  to  which  the 
experimenter  was  not  accustomed.     (Still^,  Mat.  Med,^  ii,  31 1 .♦) 

11.  Poisonings. —  t.  A  gentleman  took  gr  24.  He  must  have  fallen 
almost  immediately,  and  struck  his  head  against  the  furniture ;  either 
the  poison  or  the  blow  must  have  caused  violent  vomiting,  as  the  floor 
of  his  room  was  found  Hooded  with  vomited  matter  ;  in  8  h.  patient 
was  fearfully  collapsed,  skin  cold,  sweating,  and  quite  palcj  heart's 
action  almost  imperceptible ;  pupils  acted  \  no  paralysis  i  intellect 
unimpaired  ;  he  suffered  from  severe  vomiting,  which  recurred  every  % 
or  3  m.,  and  was  performed  by  a  sudden  jerking  action  of  abdominal 
muscles,  accompanied  by  a  loud  shout,  probably  dependent  upon  a 
sudden  contraction  of  the  diaphragm.  Every  attempt  to  swallow  was 
followed  by  the  spasmodic  contractions  so  characteristic  of  hydrophobia, 
but  they  were  not  renewed  by  the  sight  of  water.  All  these  convul- 
sive movements,  however,  were  easily  excited  by  simply  touching  him« 
Stimulants  with  opium  were  administered.  He  passed  the  night  in 
spasms  and  exhaustion,  but  his  intellect  was  perfect,  even  vivid  \  after 
a  hard  struggle  seemed  out  of  danger  next  d,  (Golding  fiiRo, 
Lancet^  January  1st,  1848.) 

2.  H.  L—- ,  labourer,  was  given,  for  a  periodical  hemicranta  (he 

^  Referred  to  *  Mat,  Med.  d«  rein,  cbem.  Pflanzen&toffe/  p.  16,  but  tlui  work 
sot  nccesaibk.^ — Eds, 


ACONITINUM, 


nj 


I 

I 
I 

I 


being  otherwise  well),  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  a.  in  tincture  of  cheno* 
podium,  which  he  was  to  take  in  increasing  doses. 

a,  March  Hth^  at  7  p.m.,  took  5  drops  (=  0-0004).  Complained 
immediately  of  constricting  and  burning  sensation  extending  from 
mouth  to  stomach.  Feeling  chilly,  went  to  bed.  At  9  p.m.  look  20 
drops,  and  experienced  same  sensation  more  severely.  15  m.  later 
felt  very  sick  and  complained  of  fear  that  he  would  die;  ice-cold 
sensation  creeps  up  from  his  feet  j  in  praecordial  region  an  oppressive 
anguish,  and  excessive  bitter  and  burning  anguish  in  throat.  His 
whole  body  is  bedewed  with  a  cold,  clammy  sweat  j  he  cannot  see  any 
more;  is  dizzy  and  deaf.  15  m.  later  he  vomited  copiously,  with 
gradual  decrease  of  all  the  symptoms,  and  sleep  followed.  During 
whole  time  felt  fearfully  exhausted  as  if  paralysed,  with  great  difficulty 
of  breathing.  His  wife  says  that  his  breathing  was  audibly  rattling, 
but  that  consciousness  was  undisturbed.  No  urination  during  night 
nor  any  inclination  thereto.  Next  m.  felt  tolerably  well,  and  took 
a  cup  of  cofFee  and  an  egg  without  any  inclination  to  vomit.  At 
8  a.m.  took  20  drops,  and  shortly  afterwards  the  same  symptoms 
reappeared.  He  grew  cold,  had  sensation  of  anguish  in  pr;ecordial 
and  gastric  region,  breathing  oppressed,  was  deaf  and  blind,  and  felt 
great  malaise.  His  wife  says  that  twitchings  and  spasms  over  whole 
body  set  in,  especially  in  face.  20  m.  after  taking  dose  spontaneous 
vomiting  occurred,  with  relief  of  all  the  symptoms. 

h.  At  1 1  a.m.  ao  drops ;  same  symptoms.  With  every  dose  state 
during  intervals  became  worse.  He  felt  continually  weaker  and  more 
exhausted,  with  all  energy  lost,  and  sense  as  if  paralysed.  In  the 
afternoon  again  20  drops,  with  same  result.  Increasing  constriction  of 
mouth  and  fauces  after  doses.  At  9.30  p.m.  again  20  drops.  Though 
medicine  was  always  diluted  with  water,  he  drank  now  an  extra 
quantity  of  cold  water  to  prevent  vomiting,  and  did  not  throw  up  dose. 
He  went  to  bed,  and  soon  fell  asleep.  Sleep  restless,  rather  a  slumber 
only.  Between  11  and  12  he  felt  very  sick,  and  called  out,  full  of 
anguish:  **So  chilly,  my  chest,  my  chest,  I  feel  awfully  chilly,  what 
shall  I  do  ?  I  am  poisoned.*'  Now  genuine  convulsions  in  hands, 
and  face  set  in.  He  was  totally  blind  and  deaf.  His  eyes 
closed,  his  lips  dry  and  fissured,  his  tongue  stift",  he  could  not 
his  mouth,  he  felt  chilly  and  as  if  dying  ;  breathing  became 
rattling  and  moaning,  quick.  More  severe  convulsions  alternated  with 
quieter  intervals.  Draughts  of  strong  hot  tea  were  given  half-hourly. 
His  taste  was  entirely  gone,  so  that  he  did  not  know  whether  the  tea 
was  hot  or  cold.  5  m.  after  drinking  vomited  copiously,  with  great 
rattling  in  chest.  All  this  time  he  remained  perfectly  conscious. 
About  15  m.  after  having  vomited  felt  some  relief.  With  every  sub- 
sequent vomiting,  aided  by  copious  draughts  of  hot  tea,  amelioration 
increased  and  chest  felt  more  free.  The  symptoms  gradually  abated, 
and  for  an  hour  he  enjoyed  a  quiet  sleep  with  easy  respiration.  On 
waking  he  complained  only  of  weakness.  He  passed  no  urine  during 
the  o.,  though  he  tried  to  do  so  towards  m. 

r.  During  1 6th  felt  moderately  well,  but  for  pressure  on  cheat,  and 
sense  of  fatigue.     At  6  p.m.    10  drops  only.     Immediately  lost   all 


arms 
were 

open 


IH 


ACONITINUM, 


taste  *,  burning  in  mouth  and  stomach  returned  ;  felt  chilly — In  9hoft« 
all  the  symptoms  returned,  only  in  a  more  moderate  degree,  till  vomil- 
ing  15 — 20  m.  afterwards  again  brought  relief.     No  more  medtctne* 

d,  L —  further  affirms  that  he  felt  during  the  Intoxication  a  heavi- 
ness as  of  lead  all  over  the  body,  always  relieved  by  vomiting.  During 
entire  poisoning  his  colour  was  cadaverous.  On  t7lh  still  complained 
of  burning  constricting  sensation  in  mouth  and  fauces,  his  taste  altered^ 
band  his  vision  unusual.  A  few  days  later  complained  of  unwonted 
f  difficulty  of  breathing  ;  his  taste  is  not  as  good  as  usual,  and  the  teeth 
arc  more  sensitive  when  biting.  The  urine  also  passes  only  in  drops^ 
and  less  easily.  No  more  nemicrania.  (BuscHER^  in  Bert,  klin, 
Wochenschri/t^  1880.) 

3.  Dr.  Meyer,  the  physician  who  prescribed  for  the  foregoing^  drank 
50  or  60  drops  of  the  mixture  in  the  wifc^s  presence  to  assure  her  of 
its  harmlessness.  It  seems  that  the  alkaloid  used  was  Petit's,  which  is 
170  times  stronger  than  Fricdlander^s^  the  latter  being  intended  by  the 
prescriber.  Hence  his  patient's  peril  and  his  own  death.  He  was 
found  dead  5  h.  after  taking  dose.  At  the  autopsy  43  h.  later,  the 
body  was  strikingly  pale  and  the  jaws  firmly  closed. 

Internal  Examination. — Diaphragm  on  both  sides  reaches  fifth 
rib  ;  muscles  of  bright  red  colour  ;  omentum  pale  and  anaemic  ;  caecum 
partly  filled  with  gas,  partly  with  solid  and  fluid  contents,  its  colour 
pale,  no  injected  vessels  visible.  Duodenum  from  below  upwards  more 
injected,  of  darker  colour  as  it  approaches  stomach,  but  mucous  mem- 
brane intact.  Interior  of  stomach  strongly  hyper^mic  and  brightened 
from  intense  vascular  injection.  Spleen  of  twice  its  size^  of  dark, 
nearly  black-red  colour  :  incised  it  ts  full  of  blood,  soft  and  friable. 
Liver  enlarged,  exterior  smooth,  dark,  posterior  part  nearly  black  : 
incised  seen  to  be  full  of  blood,  but  otherwise  normal.  Kidneys 
equally  hyper^mtc.  The  fluid  contents  of  the  abdominal  cavity  thrn 
fluid  and  of  bright  cherry  red  colour.  Right  ventricle  holds  much 
bright  red  thin  fluid  blood  ;  coronary  arteries  full  of  blood  ;  in  peri- 
cardium much  bloody  serous  fluid.  The  very  voluminous  brain,  even 
in  Its  membranes,  \^ry  hyper^mic  :  sinuses  full  of  thin  bright  red  blood. 
In  hemispheres  sub-arachnoid  extravasations  here  and  there.  The 
grey  substance  of  brain  shows  on  surface  of  section  small  red  blood 
points,  the  whole  very  hypcraemic,  less  so  in  the  medullary  substance.^ 
[jbid.) 

4.  a.  N — ,  aged  62,  of  good  constitution  ;  never  sick  save  some  slight 
colds.  After  having  felt  well  the  day  previous,  went  to  bed  March  20th, 
1880,  feeling  unusually  cold,  and  later  felt  an  anxious  pressure  on  the 
chest.  An  hour  later,  his  wife  heard  him  moaning,  and  found  him  in 
spasms,  though  fully  conscious.  As  his  state  grew  worse,  Dr.  Buscher 
was  called  at  3  a.m.  He  found  the  patient  in  bed,  very  restless  but 
cjuite  conscious.  Skin  very  pale  and  cold,  especially  in  extremities, 
which  are  bedewed  with  cold  clammy  sweat ;  radial  pulse  very  small, 
irregular,  dicrotous,  sometimes  it  can  scarcely  be  fislt.     Sounds  of  heart 

•  The  post-mortem  exaTnt nation  of  the  lad  Malcolm  John,  poi^ncd  with  a.  by 
Lamson  in  1881^  disrrlosed  a  precisely  suuilar  stale  of  stomachy  duodenum,  liver, 
iplftcn  aod  kidncyji.— Eds. 


■ 


ACONITINUM. 


115 


only  heard  at  apex,  and  scarcely  distinguishable  ;  heart's  action  very 
wealc,  irregular  and  quiclc.  Breathing  very  laborious,  short,  very 
irregular,  superficial,  sometimes  40  per  m.,  a  few  m.  later  much  slower. 
Pupils  contracted,  with  sluggish  reaction;  features  spasmodically  dis- 
torted, especially  about  mouth  (facics  hippocraticj)  ;  swallows  without 
lifficultyi  patient  complains  of  terrible  praecordial  anguish  ;  throws 
Pliimself  continually  around  in  bed;  conscious;  very  irritable  and  quick 
in  his  rephes, 

L  During  my  observation  of  patient  (Dr»  B.  writes)  a  sudden 
change  took  place.  The  extremities  turned  colder ;  heart*sounds  and 
pulse  disappeared.  His  skin  turned  of  a  marble  colour,  face  somewhat 
turgescent,  pupils  dilated,  conjunctiva  became  injected,  whole  body 
bathed  in  cold,  clammy  sweat;  breathing  more  laborious  and  super* 
iicial;  tracheal  rattling  sets  in;  a  peculiar,  clear,  short  moaning  is 
heard*  Beginning  in  fingers,  then  in  face,  tonic  spasms,  trismus ; 
after  a  while,  clonic  convulsions  over  whole  body.  Consciousness  is 
lost*  This  convulsive  paroxysm  lasted  about  5  or  6  m.,  durmg  which 
we  expected  his  death  every  second.  It  then  abated  ;  skin  took  on  a 
better  colour;  a  warmer  sweat  occurred;  pulse  could  again  be  felt; 
sounds  of  heart  became  more  clear,  and  its  action,  though  irregular, 
at  some  moments  was  full  and  strong,  Consciousness  returned  ; 
opened  eyes,  and  said,  '^  I  must  have  slept  and  had  bad  dreams."  He 
tried  to  remove  a  mildly  burning  night  lamp,  as  the  light  felt  disagree- 
able. This  amelioration  lasted  15  m.  (though  the  prsecordial  anguish 
and  chilliness  continued),  and  then  the  convulsions  returned  in  same 
manner  as  before,  followed  by  relaxation  with  same  phenomena.  During 
this  attack  respiration  nearly  stopped,  and  the  pupils  were  found 
insensible  to  light. 

Cn  Fully  conscious  again,  he  replied  to  question  how  he  felt : 
"Pretty  fair,  only  I  feel  a  terrible  anguish  in  the  gastric  and  cardiac 
region,  and  it  is  dreadfully  cold.*'  The  anguish  he  believed  to  be 
diaphragmatic.  No  other  pain  ;  of  his  whole  body  he  feels  only 
these  regions  and  his  head,  all  other  parts  seem  as  if  filled  with  lead  ; 
no  headache  or  vertigo,  only  some  deafness. 

d.  Immediately  after  taking  a  large  cup  of  strong  coffee,  copious 
lyomiting*  A  second  cup,  shortly  after  taken,  remains,  as  also  ether 
^ven  in  full  doses  and  strong  Spanish  wine*  Vesicants  aJid  sinapisms 
Jong  medulla  and  on  the  extremities.  Another  exactly  similar  con- 
irulsive  attack  occurred,  but  lighter  and  shorter  than  before.  With 
returning  consciousness  he  complains  now  of  deathly  lassitude. 
Requested  to  state  his  sensations  before  the  convulsions  set  tn,  he 
replies  ;  **  I  get  colder  and  colder,  become  blind  and  deaf;  I  feel  as  one 
sleeping  and  dreaming,"  Now  continuous  severe  vomiting  occurs, 
during  which  convulsions  decrease  in  duration  and  strength,  and 
intervals  of  relaxation  lengthen.  At  5  a.m.  danger  seemed  to  have 
passed,  and  at  7  nothing  remained  but  some  praecordial  anguish  and 
sensation  of  coldness,  with  slight  spasms.  At  10,  after  a  refreshing 
sleep,  he  awoke  welL  He  did  not  urinate  till  noon,  when  200  grammes, 
of  dark  colour,  were  passed.*     {Ibid.) 

•  It  b  merely  »aid|  with  reference  to  this  case,  that  the  ijuantity  of  tbc  drug  ukco 


126 


ACONITINUM. 


in.  Expertmenfs  on  Ammali, — i,  VoK  Praeg*  The  foUowiog  trt  hjft  c«)llclu« 
siom  from  variouii  cxpcrimentf  ; 

Respiration  was  more  or  lets  retarded  In  the  mammifcrse ;  bcatingi  of  heart 
become  irregular;  mu&cles  arc  relaxed;  there  is  exces^kivc  fceblencts  and  inrrtiaif 
horror  of  au  movement  (so  to  speak)  in  the  most  acute  ca*c«  paralysis  of  all 
the  muscles  is  the  most  frequent  symptom.  The  action  of  a.  h  tbu*  to  depress 
the  muscular  system  without  previous  excitation.  The  brain  wis  evidently 
attacked,  in  three  ca&cs  loss  of  consciousness,  and  in  all  a  certain  apathy  was  pnrseot^ 
in  one  case  complete  anaesthesia  ;  eves  become  very  sensitive,  pupils  dilated.  Stomacti 
presents  symptoms  common  to  all  poisonings,  retching,  vomiting,  &c.  Urinary 
^stem  was  affected  (ischuria)  in  one  out  of  i }  experiments  t  estivations.  With 
dogs,  mean  length  of  intoxication  was  5  h.  10  m, :  greatest  length,  a8  h.  40  m,  ; 
least,  1 1  m*  Largest  dose  was  1  grs. :  i4  grs.  injected  into  jugular  occasioned  death 
in  11  m.  With  birds,  general  depression  of  muscular  system;  dilated  pupil  was 
only  seen  in  one  case,  salivation  in  one  case.  With  frogs«  very  speedy  adynamia  bOon 
followed  by  paralysisi  loss  of  reflex  irritability,  and  complete  ansesthesia ;  hind  paws, 
front  paws,  hnally  muscles  of  head^  were  successively  paralysed  ;  in  one  ca^e,  respi* 
ration  was  suddenly  suspended,  in  another  it  was,  on  the  contrary,  stimulated  ;  heart 
preserved  its  reflex  irritability  just  as  long  as  in  caseit  where  the  heart  is  simply  cut 
out*  With  fi^h,  same  symptoms  on  part  of  muscle*,  dyspnoea  and  diminution  of 
respiratory  movements*.  Post-mortem  examination  showed  membranes  of  brain  very 
much  congested,  as  well  as  brain  itself,  jugulars  distended  with  blood.  The  blood 
varied,  in  some  cases  viscid  and  uncoagulaied,  in  others  there  were  firm  Hbrinous 
dots  as  after  natural  death.     (/'irM^c'/  Archi*Vt  vii,  43S.) 

a.  Harley  made  9  experiments  with  hypodermic  injections  of  alkaloid  in  borates, 
dogs  and  cats.  His  results  (which  he  considers  to  present  '*  the  most  perfect 
uniformity  ")  he  sums  up  thus : 

a,  Aconitia  affects  a  portion  of  the  cnmio-spinal  axis  tn  the  same  maimer  that 
strychnia  affects  the  whole. 

b.  The  focus  of  the  action  is  the  medulla  about  the  roots  of  the  pneumogastricp 
hypoglossal,  and  spinal  accessory  nerves.  Thence  its  influence  radiates  along  the 
cranio.spinal  axis  with  rapidly-diminishing  intensity,  as  far  forwards  as  the  centres  of 
the  third  nerve,  and  as  far  downwards  as  the  origin  of  the  phrenic.  The  centres 
about  the  focus  of  action  are  more  or  less  in  a  state  of  constant  excitation,  while  those 
towards  the  limits  are  sometimes  in  a  slate  of  depression  and  sometimes  in  one  of 
excitation ;  thus,  for  examole,  during  a  spasm  the  pupils  may  be  completely 
contracted,  but  in  the  intervals^  and  always  after  moderate  doses,  they  may  be  slightly 
dilated.  And  so  also  with  the  di:iphragm ;  it  is  enfeebled  by  small  doses^  and  it 
alternately  affected  by  spasm  and  exhaustion  after  large  ones.  Occasionally,  however, 
and  during  the  more  violent  suffocative  spasms,  the  muscles  of  the  whole  of  the 
anterior  part  of  the  body,  including  the  anterior  extremities,  are  involved  in  the 
attack, 

f.  Beyond  the  limiti  above  indicated  it  exercises  a  depressing  influence  on  the 
cranio-spinal  axis,  almost  amounting  to  paralysis. 

d.  The  action  of  the  alkaloid  on  the  sensory  function  appears  to  be  co-extensive 
and  co-equal  with  that  on  the  motor  functioni  the  area  for  intense  action  having  the 
name  limits,  beyond  which  the  anarsthesiant  action  rapidly  diminishes  in  intensity. 
Thus,  while  the  head  and  neck  are  deprived  of  sensation,  the  rest  of  tlie  surface  is 
only  partially  affected,  and  the  sensibility  of  the  further  parts  of  the  body  only 
slightly  or  not  at  all  disordered.     {Op.  ciL) 

3,  Dyce  Ducicworth.  Experiments  on  cats  and  rabbits,  with  preparations  of 
Mor&on  and  Smtcb.  Given  internally  it  occasions  in  the  firtt  instance  a  scnsabon  of 
intense  tingling  in  tongue  and  fauces,  and  almost  immediately  there  supervenes  an 
extremely  abundant  secretion  of  saliva^  the  involuntary  flow  of  this  liquid  seeming  to 
prove  that  at  the  same  time  the  influence  of  the  will  upon  the  act  of  deglutition  i$ 
almoiit  entirely  effaced ;  the  re^-piratory  functions  are  troubled  in  their  turn,  respira- 
tion  becomes  laborious  and  spasmodic,  and  is  accompanied  by  cries  more  or  lest. 

was  unknown.  No  statement  is  made  as  to  any  being  taken  at  all ;  but  it  ts  put 
forward  with  the  other  as  a  case  of  poisoning  with  aconitine,  and  its  s^mj  toms  are 
such  as  would  be  thus  caused, — Eds, 


ACONITINUM. 


rigorous  according  to  the  dose  employed.  One  then  observes  vomitings,  wTirrh  may 
referred  to  a  disturbance  in  the  functions  of  the  vagu*^,  because  in  iht  ejcaminaiiun 
poisoned  animals  one  finds  no  lesion  of  the  stomach.  Later  stiil,  sensation  is 
ntirciy  suspended ;  the  animal,  as  if  mad,  tosses  itself  about  wildly,  makes  vain 
^attempts  to  walkf  takes  proiligious  leaps,  and  then  falls  on  its  side  in  a  state  of 
prostration^  interrupted  from  time  to  rime  by  convulsions;  lastly,  as  ulterior  phcno^ 
rDena^  one  observes  the  relaxation  and  growing  embarrassment  of  the  respiration,  and, 
finally,  a  general  and  complete  paralysis  and  death.  Pupils  in  dnt  phases  of  poisoning 
are  more  or  less  contracicdy  they  dilate^  on  the  contrary,  extremely  a  or  3  ro.  before 
ath,  and  remain  in  this  condition  at  the  moment  when  animal  expires;  after  death 
bey  arc  sometimes  dilated,  while  at  others  one  observes  m  one  or  in  both  of  them  the 
alternatives  of  dilatation  and  contraction,  and  these  variations  sometimes  do  not  cease 
till  12  h.  after  death.  When,  instead  of  giving  a*  internally,  Fleming  injected  a 
olution  of  it  into  the  veins,  the  dilatation  of  the  pupil  supervened  almost  imme- 
liately  without  being  preceded  by  a  contraction,  which  seems  to  be  due  to  the  fact 
"hat  the  poison  acts  then  with  a  greater  rapidity.  The  contraction  again  is  very 
tisicnt^  and  is  rapidly  succeeded  by  dilatation,  when  a.  h  given  internally  in 
^sufficient  quantity  to  kill  rapidly.     (Brit.  Med.  Jaurn,^  18^1,  i,  iH*) 

4,  Mackenzie.     Conclusions  from  numerous  experiments: 

a.  Aconite  and  aconitia  act  primarily  on  the  respiration,  by  thdr  infiuence  on  the 
respiratory  centre  and  peripheral  sensory  branches  of  the  vagus. 

b.  They  have  no  direct  action  on  the  heart,  and  only  affect  this  viscus  secondarily, 
through  the  medium  of  the  lungs. 

c.  Their  action  on  the  nervous  system  consist!  in  firstly  irritating,  and  secondly 

Earalysing  the  peripheral  sensory  nerves  and  post,  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves.     They 
ave  no  direct  action  on  the  brain  or  the  vaso-motor  nerves.     They  increase  the 
irriiability  of  the  peripheral  motor  nerves  and  of  the  motor  columns  of  the  cord, 

d*  They  do  not  induce  muscular  paralysis,  but,  on  the  contrary^  increase  the 
irritability  of  voluntary  muscle, 

t.  They  induce  convulsions,  mainly  through  their  augmenting  the  irritability  of 
^ibe  anterior  columns  of  the  cord,  the  motor  nerves,  and  the  muscles, 
f^  They  firstly  increase  and  wcondly  diminish  temperature. 
g.  Death  ensues  from    asphyxia    and  respiratory    collapse.      (Proftilioner^  xx, 
xxli,) 

5,  tf.  Aconitinc  is  a  narcotico- acrid  poison  whose  irritating  properties  manifest 
themselves  especially  in  the  mucous  membranes, 

h,  Aconitine  acts  on  the  nervous  centres,  and  successively  on  the  medulla,  the 
d^  and  the  brain. 

r.  The  symptoms  apoear  Jo  the  following  order  i  abolition  of  respiration,  of 
general  sensibility,  of  rencx  sensibility,  of  voluntary  motion. 

d.  Aconitine  disturbs  the  functions  of  the  heart  by  acting  on  the  cardiac  sub^ 
fftance  itself,. 

r.  The  effects  of  the  poison  on  the  peripheric  nerves  succeed  to  those  it  exerts  on 
^thc  central  organs. 

/I  The  excitability  of  the  nervous  filaments,  motor  or  sensory,  disappears  from 
rtbeir  terminal  extremities  sooner  than  from  their  trunks*  (Liegeois  et  HoTTOT, 
y&um.  de  Phymhsii^  iv,  5x0.  i86i.)       ^ 

6,  tf.  As  mechanical  arrest  of  the  circulation  destroys  sensation  before  voluntary 
otion,  and  as  aconitia  is  a  powerful  heart  poison,  it  occurred  to  us  that  perhaps  it 

'might  paralyse  by  arresting  the  heart.  Our  experiments,  however,  disprove  this 
xurmi^,  for  general  and  complete  paraly^^is  ensues  far  quicker  after  aconitia  poisoning 
than  after  mechanical  arrest  of  the  circulation. 

b.  Since,  after  complete  paralysis,  the  motor  nerves  still  readily  conduct  impres- 
iions  and  the  muscles  contract  upon  galvanic  stimulation,  it  is  evident  that  the 
paralysis  depends  on  the  influence  of  the  aconitia  on  the  central  nervous  system. 

r.  Later,  the  poison  abolishes  the  excitability  of  the  motor  nerves  and  the  muscles, 
and  also  of  the  sensory  ner\*cs  j  and  this  effect,  we  have  shown,  is  not  due  to  its 
paralysing  action  on  the  heart.     It  must  therefore  act  directly  on  the  tissues. 

d.  Docs  aconitia  affect  all  the  tissues  in  an  equal  degree,  or  has  it  an  especial 
action  on  certain  tissues  ?  It  it  manifests  the  same  affinity  for  all  tissues,  then  iheir 
functional  afEnity  should  cease  in  the  order  of  their  activity,  and  the  phenomena 


128  ACONITINUM. 

should  be  of  the  same  kind  and  occur  in  the  same  gradation  a.^  after  simple  arrest  of 
the  circulation  by  extirpation  of  the  heart.  This,  however,  does  not  happen  ;  for, 
after  arre<>t  of  the  circulation,  we  find  that  sensation  continues  as  long,  or  almost  as 
long,  as  voluntary  power ;  but  after  poisoning  by  aconitia  sensation  is  speedily 
aboli^hcd.  Thuh,  in  our  experiments, sensation  was  destroyed,  on  an  average,  in  4  m., 
while  voluntary  power  continued  20  m.  We  must  conclude,  therefore,  that  aconitia 
has  an  especial  action  on  some  part  of  the  sensory  apparatus. 

e.  Does  it  act  on  the  afferent  nerves,  on  the  sensory  tract  of  the  cord,  or  on  theaen- 
sory  perceptive  centre  of  the  brain  ?  According  to  Liegeois  and  Hottot  it  firtt 
paralyses  the  centre  and  then  the  nerves.  While  we  think  their  cxpcrimenti  mre 
open  to  objection,  we  think  probably  their  conclusion  that  aconitia  abolishes  sensation 
by  its  influence  on  the  brain  is  correct ;  and  we  shall  also  show  that  the  early  loss  ok 
reflex  action  is  likewise  due  to  its  effect  on  the  brain,  for  in  brainless  frogs  it  aboliUiea 
reflex  sensation  much  more  slowly. 

f.  We  must  conclude,  we  think,  that  probably  aconitia  has  a  special  action  on  the 
sensory  perceptive  centre.  A^ain,  we  must  admit  that  it  has  an  especial  action  upon 
the  heart.  Hence,  whilst  it  is  a  poison  to  all  tissues  it  is  especially  poisonous  to 
some.     (Ringer  and  Murkell,  Journal  qf  Physiology,  i,  232.) 

7.  a.  BoEHM  injected  minimal  doses  (5 — 20  mgr.)  of  aconitinummuriaticum  into 
the  lymphatics  of  the  thigh  of  frogs,  and  observed  after  a  few  m.  on  the  exposed 
heart  that  the  contractions  became  irregular.  These  irregularities  appeared  first  in 
the  auricles.  After  a  while  the  disorder  increased  to  cardiac  spasms.  The  heart, 
full  to  overflowing  in  all  its  parts,  made  peculiar  vermiform  penstaltic  motions,  and 
with  such  celerity  that  it  was  impossible  to  follow  its  course.  These  spasms  set  in 
in  irregular  paroxysms,  interrupted  at  first  by  longer,  after  a  while  by  shorter  perioda, 
during  whicli  the  hearths  beat  was  more  or  less  regular  and  rhythmical ;  still  it  could 
be  observed  that  the  activity  of  the  ventricles  was  much  inferior  to  that  of  the 
auricles,  the  latter  giving  3  to  6  times  as  many  beats  as  the  ventricles.  After  these 
alternations  of  spasm  and  rh)thmical  contractions  had  lasted  more  or  less  time^ 
according  to  size  of  dose,  the  picture  gradually  changed.  The  heart  began  to  atand 
still  relaxed  in  half  diastole  for  an  increasingly  longer  time  after  6  or  8  regular  beats. 
These  pauses  in  the  beginning  lasted  only  10  to  1 5  seconds ;  but  when  mechanical  and 
other  irritations  were  avoided  their  duration  gradually  became  longer,  and  the  interren- 
ing  beats  of  the  heart  became  always  weaker  and  more  superficial ;  still,  if  verylarve 
doses  were  not  given,  it  was  always  some  time  before  the  action  of  the  heart  entirely 
ceased.  Even  after  several  h.  he  observed  from  time  to  time  weak  contractions  in 
the  auricles,  when  the  action  of  the  ventricles  had  already  perfectly  ceased.  In  the 
last  stage  of  their  activity  the  ventricles  show  only  quite  superficial  movements^ 
The  heart  gives  the  impresMon  that  its  muscles  haa  lost  their  ability  to  obey  the 
regular  rhythmical  irritation  or  impulse  to  motion.  After  5  to  7  h.  the  last  vestige 
ofmotion  had  ceased. 

b.  Experiments  with  fractions  of  a  milligramme  constantly  showed  a  mo-e  or  lesa 
considerable  acceleration  of  the  beat  of  the  heart  (10  to  30  in  m.).  In  some  cases 
the  acceleration  diminished  and  the  heart  recovered  itself  fully,  but  it  mostly  formed 
the  first  stage  of  a  series  of  manifestations,  gradually  more  and  more  approximating  tfie 

f)icture  of  poisoning  with  larger  doses,  as  already  shown.  After  the  acceleration  had 
asted  about  10  m.  with  perfect  regularity  of  the  hearths  motion  the  already  describe4 
spasms  set  in,  but  far  more  decided  and  outspoken  than  with  larger  doses.  Auricles 
and  ventricles  equally  take  part  in  these  spasms,  which  always  set  in  suddenly  and 
without  preceding  irregularities  in  the  beat  of  the  heart.  The  chief  event  in  the 
rhythmic  beat  of  the  heart,  the  alternation  of  systole  and  diastole  at  regular  intervals, 
has  ceased,  and  it  is  nearly  impossible  to  describe  the  ensuing  phenomena.  The 
muscle  labours  in  vain  to  expel  its  contents — it  throws  them,  as  it  were,  from  one 
corner  of  the  heart  to  another — and  thus  a  systole,  limited  to  small  spaces,  rolls  in 
vermicular  motion  over  the  whole  heart.  A  stage  of  exhaustion  follows  this  second 
stage  of  spasm  gradually,  but  in  longer  time,  passing  over  into  a  cessation  of  the 
heart-heats. 

f.  **  We  must  also "  (writes  Boehm)  "  examine  in  what  relation  this  poison 
stands  to  the  vag^is  and  the  inhibitory  centre.  Our  experiments  were  made  m  the 
usual  way,  by  dividing  the  exposed  nerve,  testing  its  excitability,  and  then  poisoning 
the   animal.     The  excitation  after  the  poisoning  produces  yet  for  some  time  an 


ACONITINUM. 


129 


trident  retardation,  but  not  a  cessation  of  the  hearths  raotion,  and  finally  all  the 
influence  of  the  vagus  on  the  number  of  the  heart's  beats  cca5e5.  If  we  irritate 
mechanically  or  by  electricity  the  heart  which  has  ceased  to  beat  under  the  action  of 
aconitinc,  we  usually  set  no  eflVct  by  applying  the  irritation  at  the  apex  of  the  ventri- 
cles, whereas  an  irritation  at  the  auridei  frequently  produces  rhythmical  contractions 
of  auricles  and  ventricles, 

d,  *'  Poisoning  by  aconitine  may  therefore  be  divided  In  its  action  on  the  heart 
into  three  stages— i,  a  stage  of  acceleration  ot  the  beats  of  the  heart ;  1,  a  stage  of 
spasms  of  the  heart  \  3,  a  stage  of  cessation  of  movement  in  the  heart. 

I        #.  **  We  did  not  know  rill  now  any  poison  which  produced  with  certainty  a  direct 

'  acceleration  of  the  beat  of  the  heart  m  frog*.  Atropine,  from  which  we  might 
expect  such  an  effect  a  f^rtori^  and  which  really  shows  it  in  mammalia  in  a  high 
degree,  leaves  the  number  of  heart's  beats  unaltered  in  the  frog.  It  seems,  therefore, 
that  the  diminution  of  resistance  solely,  the  so  called  paralysis  of  inhibitory  centra,  J» 
not  by  itself  able  to  increase  the  number  of  the  pulsations.  It  rather  seems  that  in 
the  frog  it  Atill  needs  a  direct  irritation  of  the  excito^motor  centres  to  clfect  nn 
acceleration ;  and  this  is  probably  what  caused  the  acccicration  in  the  fir«t  stage  ot 
aconitine  poisoning, 

/.  **  Experiments  prove,  furthermore,  that  aconitine  gradually  diminishes  down 
to  icro  the  excitability  of  the  inhibitory  nervous  !>ystem,  This  diminution  may  con- 
tribute to  the  occurrence  of  the  acceleration  in  the  first  f-tagc,  but  is,  I  beiievc,  of 
more  importance  to  the  second  stage,  i.e.  the  occurrence  of  the  spasmodic  peristaltic 
c^ardiac  movements.  The  cause  of  the  rhythm  of  the  heart's  movements  is  now 
generally  supposed  to  stand  in  forces  which  arise  in  the  so-called  inhibitory  centres, 
and  a*  it  were  oppose  themselves,  as  though  they  were  obstacles  to  be  overcome,  to 
the  motorial  impulses  which  arc  continually  proceeding  from  the  automatic  motor 
centres*  In  order  to  overpower  them,  the  latter  must  acquire  a  certain  potential  energy, 
which,  when  the  obstacles  are  overcome,  passes  over  into  vital  tbrce.  After  each 
movement  some  time  passes  till  the  necessary  sum  of  potential  energy  is  again  accu- 
mulated, and  thus  arise  the  regular  pauses  between  the  beats  of  the  heart  and  the 
rhythm.  The  number  of  beats,  therefore,  in  a  given  time  depends  on  the  amount  ot 
the  elastic  resistance  forming  in  the  inhibitory  centra,  and  on  the  power  and  quantity 
of  motor  impulses  developing  in  the  automatic  centra.  This  rhythm  ceases  in  the 
cardiac  spasms  of  aconitine.  The  motor  impulses  fiiil  to  be  garnered  up  to  a  certain 
degree,  and  they  are  not  restrained  by  a  suJiiciently  strong  resisting  power,  but  let  loose 
these  irregular  movements.  Even  a  very  strong  irritation  of  the  exci to- motor 
centres  would  not  suffice  to  produce  these  spasms,  because,  according  to  the  above 
theory,  the  resistance  emanating  from  the  inhibitory  centres  must  cause  a  cessation  oi 
the  motion  after  each  overpowering  of  it.  The  irritation  of  the  excito-motor  centres 
is  necessary  for  the  rapid  succession  of  motor  impulses,  but  a  paralysis  of  ihe 
inhibitory  organs  is  necessary  for  the  »pasms  ;  and  this  we  witness  perfectly  in  this 
stage  of  the  action  of  aconitine, 

g.  *^li  may  be  asked,  why  then  does  not  such  a  state  produce  tetanus  of  the 
heart,  as  all  conditions  for  it  are  present  f  But  there  is  an  important  obstacle  to  a 
lasting  tetanic  systole  in  this  case.  The  excitation  of  the  motor  centres,  which,  as 
we  arc  as  yet  bound  to  believe,  lie  scattered  in  various  parts  of  the  heart,  must  take 

i  place  with  a  certain  simultaneousness  in  order  to  produce  a  regvdar  cardiac  contrac- 
tion. Aconitine  abolishes  such  regularity,  for  we  see  in  the  spasms  caused  by  it  the 
different  parts  of  the  heart  contracting  one  after  another  without  regular  succes^tion 
or  co-ordmation.  Thus  the  heart  never  contracts  In  toto,  the  blood  is  pushed  from 
the  most  contracted  part»  to  those  less  so,  producing  here  and  there  a  transient 
systole. 

/r.  *'  We  wish  to  draw  attention  to  a  remarkable  consonance  between  the  action  of 
higher  degrees  of  heat  and  that  of  aconitine.  Cyon  tbund  that  the  heart,  when 
exposed  to  gradually  higher  and  higher  temperatures,  is  retarded  at  first  in  its  pulsa- 
tions, and  then  accelerated.  After  reaching  their  acme,  the  beats  become  irregular, 
and  symptoms  set  in  similar  to  aconitine  spasms,  and  finally  the  heart  stands  still  in 
diastole.  When  Cyon,  before  the  warming  process,  paralysed  by  curare  the  ends  01 
the  vagus,  the  primary  retardation  failed  to  appear,  acceleration  immediately  set  in, 

i  followed  by  spasms  and  cessation.  The  action  ot  higher  temperatures  on  the  heart, 
preceded   by   poisoning   with   cumre,  exactly  corresponds   with   the   symptoms  o£ 


130 


.«SCULUS  HIPPOCASTAN UM. 


a$  ati  irritation  of  the  excUo- 
inkibitoiy  ocrvotu  sj 


,  SDft 


pMOomg  hy  acofiidiie ;  mod  we  mu&t  consider  both 
motor  heart  centres  combtiied  with  a  paralym  of  the 
oC  tome^  IS  yet  tmJcjiowi^  rtgubiting  mechiinisin. 

f.  **  The  cdBtioD  of  motioii  of  the  heart  tn  diastole  m  the  third  stage  of  poisoii- 
lug  bf  aconitiiic  i»  clearly  a  cessation  from  weariness^  The  heart  shows  all  the 
characters  of  an  organ  serci -paralysed  and  weaned  out  by  excess  of  activity  and 
irritatioRj  which  may  still  by  strong  stimali  be  spurred  to  transient  activity,  but  wbichi 
left  to  itself,  gradually  cBtirely  loses  its  vital  qualities* 

y.  *«  We  consider  alM>  of  importance  the  change  which  the  strip<fd  musoilar 
■ubftance,  apart  from  the  nerve-centres  situated  on  it,  undergoes  under  the  action  ot 
the  poison.  This  presumption  is  confirmed  by  the  ^tctthat  the  auricles,  which  haire, 
as  is  well  known,  no  striped  muscles,  cannot  be  brought  fully  to  a  cessation  by 
aconitine  ;  they  still  beat,  though  weakly,  for  hours  after  the  death  of  the  remainder 
of  the  heart.  As  aconitine  shows  a  very  severe  action  on  all  other  striped  muscles, 
we  must  suppose  a  complication  of  two  actions  on  the  hearty  and  it  is  probable  that  ^ 
we  have  fo  consider  the  fatter  action  as  the  most  important  cause  of  the  cessation  of 
motion  in  the  ventricles  by  aconitine.  That  the  impulses  for  rhythmical  motion  ^ 
emanating  from  the  motor  centra  have  not  ceased,  and  consequently  that  their  cessa- 
tion cannot  be  the  cause  of  the  cessation  of  movement  in  the  ventricles,  is  proved  by 
the  continuance  of  rhythmical  motion  in  the  auricles,  which,  if  our  explanation  of 
the  action  of  aconitine  be  correct,  are  not  accessible  to  the  action  of  this  poison  on  the 
striped  muscular  substance.'*     (Boehm,  Other  Herxgi/U.) 

ACTJ£A  RACEMOSA*      See  ClMlCIFUGA. 


^SCULUS    GLABRA, 

^sculuj  glabra^  Will  J.     Stinking  Buckeye.     Nat.  Ord.,  Saptndacem* 

I.  Frtnfingj, — I.  Two  of  my  pupi!s  once  attempted  to  prove  the  buckeye,  but 
did  not  continue  the  experiments  on  account  of  the  apparent  gravity  of  tne  few 
symptoms  which  manifested  themselves.  It  caused  vertigo,  with  reeling  like  drunken 
men,  with  nausea,  with  dimness  of  sight ;  fulness  and  heaviness  of  head  |  confusion 
of  ideas;  "a  confusetl  stupor;"  thickness  of  speech;  loathing  of  food;  cramp  in 
stomach,  and  sensation  of  fulness  there  j  great  weakness;  trembling  and  strong 
tendency  to  contraction  of  legs;  constipation.  (Hale,  Netit  Rewudi^s^  and  ed.^ 
sub  voce.) 

IIL  Pohottittgi  (f  Animals. — ^The  general  symptoms  observed  in  cattle  which  have 
eaten  of  the  fruit  are  dii^temion  of  stomach  ana  abdomen,  reeling  and  staggering, 
apparent  loss  of  sights  falling,  paralysis  of  hinder  extremities.  In  one  case  oi  palsy 
from  it  there  was  wry -neck,  with  convulsions  and  fixed  eyes,  ending  in  death.  The 
fruit  i I  used  to  stupefy  fish  by  the  Indians.     (IbU,) 


iESCULUS   HIPPOCASTANUM* 

Micnhs  Hifypoioitamm^  L«     Horse-chestnut.     Nat.  Ord.,  SapinJaci^, 

I.  Prffuings. — i.  Dr.  BucHMANN,  at.  40,  sanguine  temperament. 
Easily  chilled,  but  in  good  health,  a.  Sept*  ij^  1^57- — At  3  p*m,, 
chewed  and  swallowed  gr.  30  of  fresh  kernel.  Tasted  like  aloes.  In 
5  m.  contractive  pain  in  throat,  nausea,  tightness  of  chest ;  hot  feeling 
n  chest  with  cold  risings  \  sweetish  taste ;  hawking  of  thick  mucus  ; 
frequent  eructation  ;  short  cough,  increased  by  swallowing  and 
breathing  deeply  ;  violent  burning  in  throat  with  raw  feeling  there. 
Voice  became  hoarse  i  speaking  brought  on  the  cough.     Dry  feeling 


/ESCULUS  HIPPOCASTANUM. 


i3i 


and  sensation  of  heat  in  nose,  especially  point,  as  when  coryza  is 
supervening.  Pains  in  n  scapula  and  in  I.  side  of  chest,  increased 
by  inspiring.  Flying  heat  in  K  side  of  face.  Itching  in  anus,  L.  arm 
and  hand  become  strikingly  warmer,  and  feel  as  if  swollen  and  heavier. 
Thin  mucus  from  throat  and  (frequently)  nose.  After  2  h,  two 
moderate  stools,  and  symptoms  disappear* 

k  Oct.  4,  9  a,m,,  same  dose.  In  a  few  m.  nausea  ;  burning  and 
scraping  in  throat,  exciting  cough  i  tightness  in  chest,  pressure  in  pit 
of  throat,  as  if  something  had  stuck  there  which  needed  expulsion.  Raw 
feeling  in  chest,  and  throughout  nasal  cavity  ;  burning  \n  nostrils  and 
internal  canthi.  Sudden  stitches  throughout  chest ;  frequent  nasal  dc- 
iluxion  ;  rheumatoid  pain  in  r.  scapula,  itching  in  anus,  shoots  in  orifice 
of  urethra.     In  2  h.  symptoms  had  gone.    ( Horn.  Fierteijahnchnft^  x,  i.) 

2.  Mrs.  BucHMANN,  set,  29,  brunette,  choleric  temperament^ 
nervous  and  sensitive,  a.  Took  same  dose  Sept.  29th,  2  p.m.  In  a  hw 
m.  nausea,  retching,  tightness  of  chest ;  raw  feeling  in  throat  and  chest  \ 
heat  in  chest  with  cold  rising,  as  after  taking  peppermint  drops  ; 
hawking  of  thick,  afterwards  watery,  mucus  \  pain  in  chest  as  if  stone 
lay  on  praecordia,  ijicreased  by  deep  inspiration ;  palpitation  in  frequent 
attacks  j  twitching  from  chest  to  L  shoulder ;  frequent  eructations  of 
wind  with  water.  Burning  like  fire  on  swallowing,  and  whole  throat 
was  excoriated  and  constricted.  Pain  now  in  hypochondria  through 
to  back,  especially  on  inspiring  ;  chilliness  and  goose-skin  j  burning  in 
palms  and  soles.  At  each  eructation  desire  to  go  to  stool.  Within 
i  h.  three  moderate  stools.  Feels  very  weak  and  extremely  ill,  totters 
when  she  walks,  has  pale,  miserable  appearance.  Pains  in  sternum,  as 
if  a  piece  were  torn  out  of  chest  j  pains  in  small  of  back  and  cramp- 
like  feeling  in  bowels,  with  urging  to  stool,  ending  in  a  fourth  evacua- 
tion (2  h,).  Flying  heat  and  redness  of  1.  side  of  face  ;  yawning  and 
stupefying  sleepiness  i  pains  in  chest  and  abdomen  alternately ;  eructations 
relieve.     Slept  well  ;  next  m.  liquid  motions  preceded  by  griping, 

b.  Oct.  8th,  9  a.m.,  took  gtt.  v  of  tinct.  Burning  of  throat  and 
tightness  of  chest  j  retching;  eructations  and  flow  of  water  into 
mouth  ;  tearing  and  jerking  in  r.  arm,  which  felt  paralysed  and  useless. 
Periodical  palpitation  \  formication  in  nose ;  weariness.  She  falls 
asleep,  when  sitting,  for  ^  h. ;  on  waking  cannot  recognise  what  she 
sees,  knows  not  where  she  is,  or  whence  come  objects  about  her. 
Burning  in  L  cheek.  Immediately  after,  sleep  for  another  \  h. 
On  waking,  same  dazed  state  ;  feeling  as  if  board  were  on  head  ;  rigor 
for  10  m.,  cannot  get  warm,  constant  yawning  j  violent  formication 
in  nose  and  fauces  j  sensation  as  if  air  breathed  in  were  colder  ; 
severe  fluent  coryza.  On  r.  side  of  chest  feels  lung  moving  painfully  up 
and  down  ;  at  each  inspiration,  griping  in  bowels  ;  pain  extends  from 
bowels  to  small  of  back.  Pale,  miserable  appearance  i  feels  like  to 
taint  i  tottering  gait.     Symptoms  gone  in  3  h, 

r,  June  4th,  1858,  took  gtt.  x.  Burning  in  throat  and  stomach  j 
great  flow  of  water  into  mouth  j  severe  periodical  palpitation  with 
great  anxiety  ;  cutting  stomach-ache  \  constant  yawning  and  weariness  ; 
tearing  pain  in  back,  r.  side,  and  shoulders.  Again  on  respiration  feels 
r.  lung  move  up  and  down  j  pressing  downwards  in  abdomen,  cramps 


132 


^SCULUS  HIPPOCASTANUM. 


in  bowels ;  constant  jerking  in  r.  arm  ^  rigor  as  of  ague  For  |  h* 
Afterwards^  four  loose  stools  within  ^  h.  i  pains  in  small  of  b»ack  from 
abtlomen  i  severe  coryza  ^  constant  shooting  and  raw  pain  in  throat  ; 
motions  preceded  by  pinching  in  bowels.  Later,  stool  of  mixed 
character,  with  raw  feeling  in  anus  ;  disposition  to  sneeze  i  shooting 
pain  in  nose  ;  weight  tn  eyes  i  weariness  ;  nausea  j  inclination  to  sleep. 
Looks  ill.     Duration  of  action  4  h.     (Uid.) 

3,  Miss  W,  B— ,  2tt,  Sly  sanguine.  Oct,  2nd,  2  p.m.^took  gr*  40 
of  kernel.  Much  raising  of  mucus,  burning  in  throat,  nausea,  violent 
vomiting;  aching  in  forehead,  with  feeling  in  it  as  during  cold  in  head. 
LViscid  mucus  continued  to  be  raised  periodically  ;  feeling  in  nose  as 
ifter  a  pinch  of  snufF;  heat  in  whole  body;  sensation  in  head  as  if 
intoxicated  ;  tightness  of  chest  ;  laboured  breathing ;  heat  in  head  and 
eyes ;  mucus  in  throat  excites  cough  ;  eructations,  preceded  by  flying 
heat ;  in  2  h*  several  thin  stools.     {Ihid.) 

4*  Miss  N,  N — ,  «t.  33,  sanguine.  Oct,  2,  took  gr.  40.  Con* 
tractive  pain  and  burning  in  throat ;  rigors  ;  periodical  tightness  in 
pratcordia  with  laboured  breathing,  later  twisting  there  ;  pain  in  throat 
as  if  burnt ;  fatigued  feeling  as  from  long  walk  ;  rush  of  water  into 
mouth  ;  fluent  coryza,  with  twisting  sensation  in  front  part  of  nose ; 
pressure  as  from  stone  in  pit  of  stomach  ;  frequent  eructations  ;  inward 
cheerfulness  and  placidity.     {Ihid.) 

5.  Mf,  R,  H — ,  set.  48,  pale,  black  hair.  Sept.  30,  8.30  a.m.^ 
took  gr.  40,  Rising  of  thick  mucus  ;  heartburn  for  4  h.  ;  afterwards, 
tickling  in  throat  causing  cough  for  i  h.,  with  occasional  eructation. 
Frequent  call  tocxpectorate  mucus,  which  becomes  watery ;  inclination 
to  swallow;  some  urgency  to  micturition;  sensitiveness  of  nasal  mucous 
membrane  to  respired  air,  which  causes  feeling  of  coldness  in  nose  ; 
fluent  coryza  ;  frequent  expulsion  of  flatus  ;  stitches  in  I.  side.  Nasal 
mucus  becomes  even  more  watery,  inspired  air  more  felt ;  in  3  h.  after 
taking  drug  severe  fluent  coryza,  after  which  symptoms  gradually 
subside.     {Ibid,) 

6.  Mr*  E.  B — ,  aet.  22,  blonde  and  sanguine.  July  4th,  7 
a.m.,  took  30  drops  of  tincture,  Bitter  burning  taste,  astringing 
mouth  and  gullet ;  occasional  eructation  ;  aching  and  rumbling  in 
stomach  ;  tickling  in  larynx,  causing  cough  with  mucous  expectoration  ; 
coryza,  with  cool  feeling  in  nose  on  inspiring  ;  burning  in  mouth  and 
gullet  ;  water  flows  into  mouth  ;  shooting  pain  in  sternum  ;  aching  in 
stomach  extends  downwards  ;  shooting  in  r.  side  above  hip,  deeply 
seated  ;  headache  over  Leye  ;  lachrymation,  quivering  of  lids  ;  flicker- 
ing before  eyes.  In  i^  h,  inclination  to  vomit  j  thence  gradud  decline 
of  symptoms,     {Ibid,) 

7.  a,  Mrs.  T — ,  aet.  54,  nervous  temperament.  July  25th,  at 
745  a.m.,  30  drops  of  tinct.  Immediate  nausea  ;  in  15  m,  burning  in 
throat,  of  varying  severity;  eructation-  In  15  m,  more  fulness  of 
stomach  ;  distension  of  abdomen,  going  off  in  perspiration  ;  confusion 
of  head  ;  dryness  of  larynx.  Vision  clearer  than  usual.  At  n.,  jerking 
in  r,  eye  ;  formication  in  front  of  temple  ;  burning  in  mammae.  At 
2  p.m.  flatulent  discharges  with  griping.     Usual  stool  did  not  occur. 

b,   July  29th^  10  a,m.|  same  dose.     Same  symptoms,  with  (at  11} 


iESCULUS  HIPPOCASTANUM. 


>23 


neadache  over  r.  eye  and  leucorrhcca,  also  drawing  in  r.  nostril  as  in 
violent  coryza,     {Ibid,) 

8,  Dr.  C.  W,  BovcE,  Aug,  24th,  took  10  gr.  of  i,  trit.  Nausea 
immediately ;  and  constant  desire  to  swallow,  with  feeling  of  dryness 
and  stiffness  at  throat  when  swallowing.  28th,  ir  a.m.,  same  dose. 
Nausea  again,  constant  ^  with  dryness  and  roughness  of  throat  as  from 
taking  cold*  At  5  p.m.,  10  gr.  more.  For  2  d,  after  almost  constant 
inclination  to  stool,  without  any,  or  with  very  slight,  evacuation,  Sept. 
1 2th,  9  a.m.,  same  dose,  Stck  feeling  in  stomach  all  d.,  but  increased 
appetite.  At  4  and  8  p.m.,  repeated  dose.  With  nausea,  salivation* 
and  metallic  taste,  dryness  of  throat,  and  sense  of  dryness  and  itching 
in  rectum,  with  stiffness  of  skin  and  adjacent  cellular  tissue,  continuing 
several  d,  24th,  3  p.m.,  10  gr,  **  Diarrhoea  of  ingesta/'  For  several 
d.  following  sensation  as  if  mucous  membrane  of  rectum  was  thickened, 
obstructing  passage  of  faeces.  Dryness  of  passage  coincided,  ending  in 
a  moist  secretion  ;  and  soreness,  with  feeling  as  if  something  would 
pass  off.  Oct,  3rd, — Same  dose.  Dryness  of  throat  and  rectum.  4th. -^ 
Same.  With  dryness,  tickling  scraping  feeling  of  laryngo-pharyngeal 
mucous  membrane.  Nose  stuffy,  as  from  catarrh,  with  sneezing. 
5th, — Dose  at  9  a.m.  With  throat  symptoms  of  yesterday,  stiffness  also. 
After  second  dose  at  2  p.m.,  increased  dryness  there,  followed  by  secre- 
tion of  mucus,  as  in  catarrh.  Dry  uncomfortable  feeling  in  rectum, 
which  feels  as  if  it  were  filled  with  smal!  sticks.  6th — One  dose.  Dry- 
ness of  throat  for  6  h.,  painful.  General  prostration.  7th. — At  10,  4, 
and  9  same  dose.  In  latter  part  of  d,  ineffectual  desire  for  stool,  with 
strainings  dryness  and  heat  in  rectum,  with  feeling  as  if  folds  of 
mucous  membrane  obstructed  passage,  and  as  if,  should  efforts  continue, 
rectum  would  protrude.  For  3  d.  after  soreness  there,  with  increased 
secretion  of  mucus  and  continued  ineffectual  desire  for  stool,  loth* — 
Two  doses  without  effect,  save  nausea,  i  ith. — Early  in  m.  feeling  of 
emptiness  and  gnawing  in  stomach.  Dose  at  10  a.m.  After  eating 
stomach  feels  full,  and  considerable  pain  exists  there  for  4 — 5  h.,  with 
quite  severe  pain  in  r.  side  of  head  above  temple.  At  3  p.m.,  another 
dose.  Soreness  at  tip  of  tongue  j  even  thinking  of  drug  produces 
nausea ;    rectal  symptoms  the  same,     (Hale,  Nrw  Rejnedies^  2nd  ed.) 

9.  Dr.  Burt,  a,  March  14th,  1864,  10  a.m.,  took  gr.  10  of  i^ 
trit.  From  it  to  4,  flying  "  neuralgic "  or  constrictive  pains  in 
various  parts,  chiefly  about  praecordia  ;  and  dull  aching  in  small  of 
back,  increasing  in  severity,  aggravated  by  motion.  At  4,  took  gr.  20, 
Same  pains,  also  aching  in  knees,  and  from  pit  of  stomach  to  r.  lobe  of 
liver.  At  ID,  with  same  pains,  and  feeling  as  if  something  had  lodged 
in  fauces,  producing  constant  inclination  to  swallow,  took  20  grains 
more«  15th. — Called  up  more  than  once  in  n.,  back  always  aching,  as  it 
is  in  m.  At  7  a.m.,  took  gr.  20,  At  noon,  dull  frontal  headache  j 
fauces  feel  dry  and  constricted,  burning  distress  in  stomach,  frequent 
eructation,  very  tired  and  languid,  back  aches  severely.  During  d, 
frequent  pains  in  umbih'cal  and  hypogastric  regions.  For  2  d.  no 
stool.     16th. — Very  hard  and  dry  stool  at  7  a.m.,  followed  by  colicky 

•  Nausea  and  salivation  recurred  after  almost  every  dose,  and  will  therefore  not 
be  rcpcatcd,^ — Eds* 


134  iTESCULUS  HIPPOCASTANUM. 

pain  in  umbilicus  and  severe  cuttings  in  anus.  At  9,  took  gr,  10.  In- 
ternal burning,  backache,  flying  neuralgic  pains,  and  sensations  In 
fauces,  occurred  as  before.  At  noon,  pulse  being  68,  soft  and  weak, 
took  gr.  40.  Same  results ;  with  frontal  headache,  great  constriction 
of  skin  of  forehead  ;  with  throat  sensations,  dry  hacking  cough  }  with 
burning,  fluttering  sensation  at  pit  of  stomach,  lasting  5  m.,  and 
recurring  five  times ;  frequent  dull  aching  in  r.  hypochondrium,  and 
faintness  at  epieascrium.  In  e.,  frequent  twitchine  of  muscles  under  ]. 
eye.  17th. — Very  dry  and  hard  knotty  stool,  voided  with  great 
difliculty  ;  same  on  19th  with  prolapsed  feeling  at  anus  after  it. 
Symptoms  had  now  subsided. 

b.  On  22nd,  feeling  well,  took  20  grs.  of  pulverised  nut  at  10.30 
a.m.  In  \  h.  smarting  of  tongue  and  eyes,  constriction  of  fauces; 
dull  umbilical  aching.  At  1 1.45,  severe  neuralgic  pain  in  heart,  lasting 
10  m.,  and  arresting  breathing  ;  r.  hypochondrium  and  back  beginning 
to  ache.  By  noon  all  previous  symptoms  had  recurred,  and  they 
lasted  all  day.  In  e.  ^uces  looked  dark  and  congested,  and  an  evacua- 
tion took  place  with  difficulty  as  before.  23rd. — On  waking,  still 
feeling  as  if  portion  of  anus  was  prolapsed,  with  dull  backache.  At  9 
a.m.,  took  30  grs.  Same  pains,  with  profuse  secretion  in  nostrils,  and 
feeling  of  much  depression.  At  4.30  p.m.,  another  70  ers.  All  pains 
worse  ;  throat  again  shows  much  congestion ;  same  kind  of  stool  in  e. 
24th. — In  m.  tongue  very  much  coated  yellow,  and  sweet,  flat,  slimy 
taste  in  mouth.  Burning  distress  in  stomach  continues ;  also  back- 
ache on  first  rising,  but  it  becomes  easier  on  moving  about*  At  noon, 
took  30  grs.,  with  usual  eflfects.  At  2,  great  desire  for  stool :  when 
passed,  first  part  was  black  and  hard,  second  of  natural  consistence, 
but  white  as  milk  ;  severe  tearing  pains  in  anus  followed.  At  4,  took 
40  grs.  This  e.  congestion  of  fauces  was  accompanied  with  constant 
aching  distress  in  them  \  legs  also  ached  much,  and  he  felt  so  weak 
that  he  had  to  lie  down  aU  the  time.  25th. — Slept  soundly  ;  but 
pains  in  stomach,  liver  and  back  were  all  present  on  waking,  with  a 
severe  frontal  headache,  which  lasted  all  forenoon.  Moving  produced 
violent  pains  in  sacrum  and  hips  ;  urine  was  very  high-coloured.  Was 
obliged  to  lie  down  all  forenoon,  feeling  feverish  ;  hands  hot  and  dry 
but  pulse  66  only,  soft  and  weak.  At  3,  feeling  very  weary  and  low-* 
spirited,  took  30  grs.  Nothing  fresh  occurred.  26th. — Slept  soundly  » 
backache  went  oSi  on  movement,  and  he  felt  well.  At  10  a.m.,  took 
60  grs.  Pains  in  throat,  heart,  epigastrium,  r.  hypochondrium  and 
lum bo-sacral  region  recurred  in  much  force :  with  epigastric  pain  was 
weak,  ^int  feeling.  At  9  p.m.,  stool  of  natural  consistence^  but  very 
white.  27th. — Symptoms  moderating ;  dry,  difficult  stool  in  e.  28th. 
— The  same,  with  frequent  griping  and  desire  for  stool,  which  two  soft 
evacuations  do  not  relieve.  29th. — The  same  :  stool  black  as  well  as 
soft.  April  1st. — Still  a  good  deal  of  pain  in  lumbar  region,  with  soft 
mushy  stool.     {Ibid,) 

10.  Dr.  T.  C.  Duncan,  act.  24.  Well,  save  some  weakness  of 
bowels.  JVhy  6th,  1865,  took  gtt.  xij  of  2*  dil.  During  d.  heat  and 
soreness  in  epigastrium  ;  memory  and  power  of  attention  weak  ;  slight 
pains  here  and  there.     In  e.  continued  pain  in  back,  shoulders  and 


iESCULUS  HIPPOCASTANUM, 


'35 


necVj  at  times  with  pricking  sensations  ;  profuse  coryza,  with  feeling 
in  nose  and  forehead  as  if  he  had  taken  cold  ;  fulness  and  itching  at 
anus  after  walking  a  mile  7th. — Slept  well,  but  woke  with  still 
some  symptoms  of  catarrh,  dull  heavy  pain  in  back  of  neck  ;  itching 
ID  anus,  with  some  heat.  At  8  a*m.^  took  gtt.  xv.  Neck  and  anus 
sensations  continued;  ideas  confused;  no  stool,  8th. — At  7  a.m., 
took  gtt.  XX  of  ly  diL  Nausea  ;  mouth  and  pharynx  feel  irritated  ; 
pressure,  burning,  itching  and  fulness  at  anus ;  flushes  of  heat  over 
body  ;  soreness  of  neck,  with  pricking  sensations  ;  head,  chest  and 
upper  abdomen  feel  congested,  later  surface  in  general.  Stool  very 
costive;  urine  frequent  and  hot.  9th. — In  n.  distressful  and  exciting 
dreams ;  on  awaking  feels  sore  all  over,  feet  swollen  (became  so  on  8th 
after  an  ordinary  walk),  cervical  glands  slightly  enlarged  and  tender  to 
touch,  limbs  heavy  and  joints  stiff.  Throat,  anus,  stool  and  urine  as 
yesterday.  Mind  still  confused  and  temper  very  irritable*  At  8,30 
a.m.,  took  gtt.  xxx  of  Xj,  By  9  mouth  and  throat  were  dry  ;  sharp, 
darting  pains  affected  trachea,  producing  tickling  cough  ;  there  was 
heat  in  stomach  and  thorax,  and  all  over  body ;  ineffectual  attempts  at 
stool,  and  soreness  at  anus.  Yawning  and  stretching  were  followed 
by  chilly  sensations,  especially  when  riding  in  cool  air;  anterior  head 
feels  light,  posterior  heavy  and  dull;  great  pain  in  sacro-lumbar  region; 
whole  body  heavy,  weak,  sore,  and  painful  on  motion  ;  r.  hypochondrium 
tender,  later  full ;  lids  twitch,  balls  are  sore,  and  n  eye  pains  when  near 
light;  head  tight  and  full,  as  in  catarrh  ;  itching  of  whole  body,  espe- 
cially round  waist.  In  e.,  after  great  fulness  and  pressure,  and  with 
much  straining  and  shivering,  expulsion  of  about  8  10.  of  fa?ces,  like  a 
rope,  solid,  knotty,  first  half  dark,  second  light  in  colour;  great  sore- 
ness of  anus,  sphincter  seemed  unable  to  contract ;  about  J  in.  protru- 
sion, which  he  had  to  push  up;  great  burning  and  itching.  Had  been 
very  drowsy  all  day,  and  now  soon  went  to  sleep. 

He  now  took  no  more  medicine,  but  symptoms  lasted  3  d.  longer. 
Pains,  soreness,  heat  and  fulness,  and  languor,  were  present  on  loth, 
with  dull  supra-orbital  aching;  waiH  of  control  over  tongue,  which 
feels  swollen  ;  tenderness  of  abdomen  ;  no  stool.  Felt  dull,  gloomy 
and  despondent.  Skin  dry  and  hot,  but  sensitive  to  cold.  On  nth, 
symptoms  lessening  ;  hard  stool,  with  usual  effects  at  anus  ;  mind 
clearing.  On  1 2th,  a  small  stool,  thin,  watery,  light-coloured,  with  some 
tenesmus.     Easier  altogether,  but  weak  and  d,isinclined  to  study,     {Ihid,) 

1 1.  Dr.  C.  H*  Lee  began  on  Dec.  26th,  1863,  by  taking  one  drop 
of  3rd  dil.  Symptoms  (acute  febrile  tonsillitis)  which  followed  were 
quite  foreign  to  the  drug,  and  pretty  certainly  the  results  of  cold.  On 
Jan.  2nd,  these  having  left  him,  took  4  drops  of  tincture.  On  3rd 
and  4th,  appeared  hemorrhoids  like  ground  nuts,  of  purple  colour,  very 
painful,  and  with  sensation  of  burning  (prover  never  had  piles  before). 
On  6th,  felt  dryness  in  soft  palate,  fulness  in  head  ;  urine  dark,  with 
some  little  sediment.  Took  8  drops.  On  8th,  throat  dry  and  swollen. 
Took  5j,  On  10th,  throat  same  ;  severe  headache  as  if  head  would 
split;  desire  to  pass  water  often,  but  little  at  lime.  On  nth,  with 
these  symptoms,  burning  in  throat  and  palate;  much  thick  yellow 
phlegm  in  mouth  j  tongue  coated  yellow ;  bowels  loose,  stools  brown  i 


136 


iETHUSA. 


urine  scanty  and  dark  brown^  no  sediment ;  pulse  hard  and  frequent ; 
dull  aching  in  I.  elbow.  He  took  no  more  of  drug  j  symptoms  began 
to  diminish  on  12th,  and  had  gone  by  14th*     (/^/^) 

12.  Dr.  H.  M.  Paine  took  from  10  to  30  drops  of  tincture  daily 
from  Sept.  a8th  to  3Cth,  On  Oct,  ist,  general  headache,  with  fulness 
in  upper  prt.  Very  annoying  vertigo  all  afternoon.  General  malaise. 
Same  symptoms  next  day  till  4  p.m.  At  9,  took  40  drops.  A  ficw  m. 
after  quick,  severe  griping  pain  in  epigastrium  for  {  h.  On  3rd,  felt 
miserably  cross  and  disinclined  for  any  labour.  Headache  and  vertigo 
as  before  until  e.  At  10  p.m.,  took  40  drops,  and  same  pain  followed. 
On  4th,  but  slight  disorder:  took  40  drops  more  in  e.  On  6th,  for 
first  time  since  beginning  proving  had  rather  difficult  stool.  Forty  dropis 
in  e.  On  7th,  another  such  stool,  followed  for  i  h.  by  slight  soreness, 
aching  and  fulness  in  rectum.  Took  50  drops  in  €,>  but  no  further 
symptoms  were  experienced.     (Ibid,) 

13.  Dr.  Woodward  Warren,  a?t.  36,  nervo-biHous  temp., subject 
to  gastric  and  bilious  derangements.     On  May  22nd,  4  p.m.,  took 

2  grs.  of  ij  trit.  Slight  uneasiness  in  fauces,  stomach  and  bowels 
ensued,  with  dull  pains  here  and  there  in  head.  On  igth^  same  dose 
of  2„  and  same  symptoms,  but  also  ineffectual  urging  to  stool,  and 
constriction  of  rectum.  30th. — At  6  a.m.,  difficult  scanty  stool.  At  8, 
took  3  grs.  In  10  m.  coppery  taste,  with  increased  saliva.  Some 
headache  and  nausea  after  ^  h.,  and  at  9  lameness  and  weariness  in 
nucha  and  small  of  back.  31st. — Took  2  grs.  At  9  a.m.  copious  soft 
stool,  followed  by  burning  and  feeling  of  swelling  and  constriction  in 
rectum.  Slight  symptoms  as  before  in  head  and  abdomen,  also 
confusion  in  head  and  giddiness,  with  flushes  of  heat  on  surface  froni 
occiput  to  shoulders,  and  burning  in  ears.  June  7th. — Took  5  grs.  at 
noon.  Same  symptoms  as  on  31st  ;  also  burning  and  stinging  deep  in 
1.  orbit,  as  if  pain  surrounded  ball  of  eye,  with  feeling  of  coldness  in 
eye  j  and  (2.30)  general  feeling  of  malaise,  with  stupefying  feeling  in 
hea^,  and  lameness  in  the  back.  8th,  at  7  a.m.,  difficult  hard  stool, 
followed  by  burning  and  sense  of  constriction  in  rectum*     At  9,  took 

3  grs.     Same  symptoms  as  heretofore.     {Ibid,) 


JETUVSA. 

Mtkusa  Cynapium^  L.    Fool's  parsley.     Nat.  Ord.,  UmhelUfira, 

I.  PrMjin^j, — I.  Nehhikg  rfports  vertigo,  relieved  on  rush  of  heat  into  head,  with 
incrca'scd  warmth  of  whole  body  and  rtdncss  of  face  j  »cnM?  of  swcUing  of  hc^-^d,  ficc^ 
and  hand^  in  open  air,  disappearing  in  house  j  general  throbbing  headache ;  in  fore- 
head, down-pre!ii*ing  heaviness,  painful  throbbing  and  jerking,  tearing  (J.)  ;  in  temple^ 
sticking  and  throbbing  in  limited  f«pot  (L)  ^  same  s«fnsations  in  vertex  and  occiput  | 
burning  in  eyes  j  jeiking  and  sticking  in  cars,  and  stopped  feeling  in  them,  with 
hardness  of  hearing  \  sudden  stoppage  of  both  nostrils  for  }  h.,  5  m.  after  taking^ 
recurring  next  m,  j  tearing  in  malar  bones  j  sweetish  taste;  stitches  in  hypochondria, 
especially  1. ;  sense  of  coldness  in  abdomen  after  each  dose  j  tearing  in  muscles  of 
neck  and  of  forearm,  also  in  foot.  There  svas  a  sensation  in  several  parts  as  of  a 
glowing  hot  needle  being  plunged  into  flesh.  Most  symptoms  disappeared  in  open 
air|  but  soon  returned  in  house.     (Hartlaub  and  Trinks'  Annalen,  \\\) 


^THUSA. 


137 


4,  Hartlaub  had  violent  chill  and  external  coldness  In  m.  after  taking  do&e  ; 
latter  continued  without  thirst,  for  1  d.  On  ist  somnolence,  on  and  great  good 
humour.     {IbU.) 

3.  Trinks  observed  violent  pains  in  forehead^  as  if  head  were  compressed  from 
behind  and  above  with  great  force.     {Ibid.) 

4.  Dr,  T,  Harley  administered  large  do^es  of  juice  of  entire  plant,  of  tincture 
of  ripe  and  green  fruit,  and  of  fluid  extract,  to  eight  per«>ns  of  various  ages  and 
tcxei,  without  any  appreciable  effect  following.  He  himself  took  freely  tincture  of 
fruit  and  10  grains^  of  oleo-rcsin,  with  same  negative  resuit.  {St,  7h$mm^i  Hospital 
Reports,  N,S.,  iv,  80,) 

5.  Dr.  T.  F.  Allen  took  Jij  of  expressed  juice  of  plant  without  cifcct.  (M  Am. 
Jeurn,  ofH^m.^  xxix,  495,) 

6.  T,  W —  took  a  drop  of  JE,  every  h.  during  d.  from  7.30  a.m.  to  midnight. 
Immediate  nau«ea  was  produced  by  earlier  doses.  At  it  a.in.,  this,  at  first  referred 
to  mouth  and  nharynjc  only,  extended  do^Ti  oesophagus  into  stomach,  with  rumbling 
and  gurgling  there  and  in  upper  boweh|  and  sense  of  fluttering  in  stomach,  metallic 
xlimy  taste  in  mouth,  with  dryness.  Forehead  feels  constricted,  with  sense  of  pres- 
sure as  from  within  outwards.  At  3  p.m.  felt  heat  and  pressure  in  forehead  i  at  5^ 
stuffy  sen  "vat  ion  in  r,  ear,  with  feeling  of  coldness,  also  round  about  it  as  rf  in  bone  j 
at  7  aching  in  mastoid  process.  Noticed  all  d.  that  excretions  (urine  ainl  perspiration) 
were  increased,  and  secretions  decreased.  He  aUo  felt  all  in  a  glow,  and  perspired 
pas  ly  when  walking  home  in  a  cold  air*  At  9  feeling  in  bowels  as  if  diarrnoea  was 
coming  on.  At  1 1  skin  of  hands  (especially  palms)  dry  and  shrunken^  as  if  washed 
in  lye.  On  ind  d.  woke  with  intense  frontal  headache,  with  sensadon  of  constrict  ton 
from  points  vertically  over  each  eye ;  relieved  by  pressure.  Took  a  drops  every  h. 
from  7  a.m.  to  11  p.m.  By  9  headache  had  gone.  At  it,  sensation  or  tension  as 
from  band  passing  round  forehead  and  made  fast  at  each  zygoma*  At  noon,  feeling 
as  if  he  had  caught  cold^d  a  violent  coryza  was  coming  on.  At  i,  sense  ot  heat 
and  fulness  in  tace,  and  pressure  in  frontal  sinus  and  upper  nasal  passages.     Nausea  5 

feneral  headache  ^  excessive  flow  of  pale  urine.  By  3,  face  was  well,  but  he  was 
cginning  to  look  peaked  and  hollo w-cheeked.  Feet  and  limbs  were  cold  down  to 
knees,  were  more  so  an  h.  later.  At  11  sharp  cramps  in  small  intestines,  localised  in 
spots,  and  quickly  shifting  from  place  to  place.  At  midnight  took  10  drops  and 
retired.  At  7  a.m.  on  -jrd  d»  woke  with  seeining  feeling  in  blood  and  heavy  aching 
pain  in  lumbar  and  inter-scapular  regions,  abo  sense  of  indigestible  load  in  stomach, 
To^tk  20  drops,  and  again  at  8.  Food  tasteless  (as  also  on  and  d.).  At  it  a.m. 
mouiU  .ind  lips  dry  j  skin  has  a  dry,  white^  leathery,  pinched  look  j  cheeks  arc 
sunken  ;  clothes  seem  loose.  Felt  nauseated  all  d.  at  sight  of  food  ;  and  load 
remained  in  vtomach.  On  retiring  had  numerous  fine  sharp  stabbing  pains,  lasting 
5  m,,  some  of  which  were  so  sudden  and  violent  as  to  make  him  cry  out,  (Allen's 
Encychpadia,  x,  266.) 

7.  Mrs,  P —  took  5  drops  of  tinct.  just  before  dinner.  At  once  complained  of 
heated,  flushed  feeling,  with  some  nausea.  In  5  m,  drank  some  milk,  and  had  to  go 
into  open  air  to  keep  from  vomiting.  In  5  m.  more  repeated  dose,  and  drank  Jtj  oi 
milk  ;  after  a  m.  took  5  drops  more.  Violent  retching  ensued,  with  vomiting  of 
phlegm  only.  After  10  m.  took  5  drops  more,  which  made  her  deathly  sick,  but  she 
could  bring  up  nothing  but  phlegm.  Throughout  this  time  she  felt  constant  nausea, 
and  had  sensation  in    upper  bowels  as  if  she  had  taken   an  aperient  which  was 

•  operating.     Eyes  got  watery  and  face  flushed  and  hot, 

%,  Mr.  H —  took  5  drops  before  supper.  At  once  heat  all  over  and  perspiration 
on  forehead.  Drank  Jij  of  milk,  and  took  5  drops  more.  Had  nausea^  metallic  taste 
in  mouth,  headache  in  forehead  shooting  upward  and  outward  overdyes.  He  did  not 
vomit,  and  in  a  few  m,  ate  his  supper*  Headache,  metallic  taste  and  nausea  con- 
tinued rill  bedtime,  with  heat  from  fauces  to  stomach  and  upper  bowels,  and  pain  in 
latter  regions  as  from  something  hard  and  indigestible.  Some  remains  of  same 
sensations  next  m.,  and  increased  flow  of  urine  of  sweet  odour. 

9.  E.  H.  L —  took  3J  of  tincture  in  divided  doses  during  %  d.,  }^  on  isf,  Xvii  on 
afternoon  of  and.  There  was  slight  uneasiness  in  stomach  on  istd.,  and  Welded 
weight  and  heaviness  there  on  and. 

10.  E.  P.  M —  took  24  drop  doses  at  5  m.  intervals.  Pulse  gradually  fell  from 
7$  to  57,  and  became  soft.     After  6th  dose  a  slight  constricted  sensation  about  head. 


138  AGARICUS. 

and  after  14th  slight  nauva,  and  loose  discharge  from  bowels,  of  yeHow  ooUrar,  ind 
sour  smell. 

II.  Dr.  St.  Clair  Smith  took  at  3.30  p.m.  180  drops.  Immediately,  burning 
in  mouth,  throat,  and  crsophagus,  with  profiise  salivation  and  secretion  of  mucus  in 
both  mouth  and  throat ;  this  secretion  continued  for  some  15  or  so  m.,  with  qumlm- 
ishnessy  and  was  soon  followed  by  a  feeling  of  dryness  of  tongue  and  throat.  There 
was  much  dizziness ;  and  burning  soon  bejgan  in  stomach  also,  and  gradually  increased, 
accompainied  with  acrid  eructations,  of  rancid  taste}  heartburn  lasted  some  time 
after,  with  inclination  to  hawking.  Some  nausea,  with  water-brash  of  aoor  hot 
fluid  :  at  one  time  vomiting  seemed  inevitable.  Later,  uncomfortable  qualmish 
feeling  in  stomach  ;  also  pain  in  forehead,  a  sort  of  crampy  feeling,  with  diqMsi* 
tion  to  contract  brows  ;  deep-seated  sensation  of  coldness  in  transverse  colon.  iJater, 
crampy  aching  in  malar  bones;  pain  in  forehead  increased,  and  is  decidedly  uncom- 
fortable ;  occasional  aching  in  occiput.  Pulse,  usually  76,  after  %  h.  is  oo;  and  face 
is  flushed.  There  was  now  weight  in  stomach,  and  uncomfortable  feeling  of  indi- 
gestion, with  uprisings  of  food  (tasting  spoiled)  and  hot  liquid ;  pain  in  bowels  as  if 
diarrhcea  would  follow,  but  it  did  not  |  crampy  constriction  in  heart,  with  feeling  as 
if  he  could  not  draw  a  deep  breath,  pulse  regular  $  same  pain  soon  after  in  r.  chest  1 
aching  in  small  of  back.  At  9  pjn.  rapid  sticking-shooting  pain  in  I.  temple  and  1. 
ear,  continuing  till  he  went  to  bed.     (Ibid.^ 

II.  Dr.  Brugmans  took  a  few  |rratns  m  m.  There  followed  violent  headache, 
thirst,  efforts  to  vomit,  sticking  pam  in  epigastrium,  cutting  colic  and  flatulence, 
desire  to  sleep,  and  general  cold  feeling  dunng  whole  d.  Sleep  was  Tery  restless  for 
first  hours.     [Ai/g.  horn,  Zeii.f  Ixxii,  56.) 

II.  Poisonings. — [We  have  determined  to  give  no  cases  under  this  heading,  as  it 
has  become  exceedingly  doubtful  if  .Athusa  has  any  virulent  properties.  The  nega* 
tive  experiments  of  Dr.  Harley  would  not  prove  this,  as  he  has  since  obtained  simuar 
results  with  Dulcamara,  which  we  know  to  contain  an  alkaloid  ^solanine)  of  no  slight 
activity.  But  analysis  of  the  recorded  cases  of  supposed  poisoning  with  fbol*s  paruey 
shows  their  evidence  to  be  so  very  unsatisfactory  that  they  cannot  he  trusted  \  and  the 
probability  is  that  the  plant  (in  which  no  alkaloid  has  been  discovered)  is  haimlcsi,-* 
Eds.] 


AGARICUS. 

Agdricus  muscarius^  L.     Bug-agaric.     Nat.  Ord.,  Fui^. 

1.  Provlngs, — I.  Hahnemann,  Chronic  Diseases.  Part  11  of 
original,  Vol.  I  of  translation.  Contains  715  symptoms  from  self  and 
ten  fellow-observers. 

2.  Ohlhauth  took  a  few  drops  of  ix  dil. :  after  J  h.,  while 
standing  reading  the  paper,  he  noticed  the  paper  moving  with  the  beat 
of  his  heart ;  pulsations  were  as  distinctly  felt  and  violent  as  in  climbing 
a  mountain.  Next  day,  after  7  drops  of  ist  cent.,  same  symptoms 
recurred.     (HygeOy  xviii,  19.) 

3.  Kretschmar  smelt  at  agar.  6  for  5  m.,  and  when  walking  in 
open  air,  in  coqI  summer  weather,  he  felt  burning  and  itching  on  ears 
and  cheeks,  also  on  both  hands,  as  though  they  had  been  frozen  and 
been  affected  by  the  winter's  cold  (he  had  had  these  parts  frozen  in 
infancy).  On  rubbing  felt  heat  and  swelling  of  those  parts,  and  they 
cot  very  red.  This  symptom  continued  to  trouble  him  for  four  months, 
it  lasted  longest  in  hands,  which  in  the  cold  autumn  days,  after  long 
rubbing  on  account  of  the  intolerable  itching  and  burning,  swelled  to 
such  an  extent  that  the  joints  could  not  be  distinguished  {Allg. 
h.  Z.  ii,  62J. 


AGARICUS. 


4,  Lembke  took  31st  Jan^  6.45  a*m.,  10  dr.   mother  tincture. 

7   a.m.     Pulse   fell  to  60  then  to   54,  equable,  full,  soft.     Stitch   in 

apex  of  heart.     Feeling  of  exhaustion  in  legs,  drawing  and  formication 

beneath  skin  on  front  of  legs  and  towards  internal  side  of  sole*     Heavy 

and  confused  head,  resp.  15  perm.     Stares  before  him  without  thought, 

weary,     7.5  a.m.   Pulse  65.     Sleepy,  yawns  and  stretches.     Slow  and 

Lizy,  indisposed  to  think,     Very  weary  in  all  limbs*     7,30  a.m.     Pulse 

60.     In  knees  especially,  a  sort  of  internal  trembling  and  powerlessness 

in  legs.     Great  desire  to  sit  in  an  easy  posture.     Inward  chilliness  and 

cool  skin.     When  walking,  very  tired  and  disinclined  to  go  on.     Head 

heavy,  call  to  urinate.     745  a.m.    Pulse  70,     Horripilation  over  hairv 

part  of  head.     Respiration  difficult*     Flow  of  thoughts  easily  disturbed, 

and  not  readily  recalled.     Severe  tearing  over  anterior  surface  of  1, 

ankle-joint.    Sinciput  heavy  and  full*    Much  flatus  discharged.    Aching 

and   bruised  pain  in  elbows,  esp.    K      8  a.m.    Pulse   65.      Yawning 

and  great  chilliness.     8.15  a.m.  Pulse  60.     l*he   urine   passed  after 

much  solicitation  at  8.30,  normal.     Pulse  57.     Urgent  call  to  stool  and 

some   rumbling.      Occasional  chill   through  back  and   limbs.     Resp. 

attended   with  an   effort  and  superficiaU     Sometimes  warm   sweat  in 

palms.     Frequent  call  to  urinate.     8.45  a.m.  Pulse  60.     Some  drawing 

in  lower  part  of  L  leg,     9  a.m.  Pulse  5*S.     After  stool,  during  which 

urine  was  passed,  immediately  a  fresh  call  to  urinate,     1  his  frequently 

happens  afterwards.     Slight  chilliness  when  moving  and  in  cold  air,  or 

when   the  cold   fingers  touch  a  warm  part  of  the  body.     9.15  a.m. 

Pulse  60,     9.45  a.m.  Pulse  65,     Much   chilliness  and  constant  cold 

hands  and  feet,  yawning,  frequent  call  to  urinate,  exhaustion,  and  dislike 

to  movement.     Rumbling  in  bowels,  and  fixed  pain  deep  in  umbilical 

region,  increased   by  pressure.     From    10  a.m.   till   2  p.m.,  occasional 

pains  in  J.  side  of  head  ;  frequent  call  to  urinate  ;  while  sitting,  violent 

shtx)ting  in  r.  lung,  causing  him  to  hold  his  breath,  relieved  by  pressure 

of  hand  on  chest.     Noon.  Good  appetite,    2,30.  Stool  with  much  urine. 

In  K  thorax  superiorly,  pain  in  intercostal  muscles.     Drawing  pain    hi 

1.  elbow.     4  30  p,ni.  Painful  aching  in  lower  external  front  of  1.  thigh 

down  into  knee,  then  in  1.  sole.     Tearing  in  r.  occipital  bone.     Drawing 

in  1.  toes.     The  symptoms  seem  to  increase  in  room  and   during  rest* 

f  Repeated  stitches  in  r.  lung  when  sitting,  making  it  impossible  to  draw 

■breath,  somewhat  relieved   by  external    pressure.     6  p.m.  Tearing  in 

muscles  of  anterior  lower  front  of  r.  leg.     9,30  p.m.- — ist  Feb.  Woke 

carJy  (4.30),  thereafter  half-sleep,  during  which  constant  pressing  pain 

in  umbilical  region,  which  did  not  quite  wake   him  up.     7  a.m.  Much 

rumbling  ;  feeble  call  to  urinate  j  call  to  stool.     Dull  drawing  pain   in 

abdomen  going   towards  lumbar  muscles.     Jerking  shoodng  in  r.  lung, 

8  a.m.  Stool  as  usual  at  9  a.m. — 2nd,  5,30  a.m.,  25  dr.  tinct.     Sudden 

running  through  1.  forearm,  which  fixes  itself  as  a  pressing  pain  at  the 

l^ase  of  the  fingers.     Heart's  beats  felt  more  distinctly  and  strongly. 

sudden  pain  in  middle  of  back,     5.50  a.m.    Pulse  80,  soft,  small     Fine 

[looting  in  cardiac  region.     Drawing  pain  from  1.  upper  arm  to  forearm, 

)rawing  in  1.  inner  ankle,     6  a.m.   Pulse  60,  soft,  small.     In  K  leg 

about  the  knee,  internal  drawing  and  trembling.     Crawling  under  skin 

ill  L  ankle.     Painful  drawing  in  muscles  of  1.  forearm  and  over  elbow* 


I+O 


AGARICUS. 


In  sinciput  weight  and  confuston.  The  candle  seems  to  bum  mo 
dimly*  Pressure  deep  in  head  in  front,  at  limit  of  hair.  ShQotin|^ 
in  muscles  of  anterior  wall  of  r.  aseilla.  Heat  of  head  ;  like  distant 
roaring  or  ringinc;  in  cars  (like  a  distant  water-kettle  commencing  tfl 
boil}.  Pulse  70^  fult,  large.  6«tS  a.m.  Skin  very  warm^  blood-ve$9e1s| 
greatly  distended.  Drawing  in  I.  tibia  when  walking*  Peculiar  fceltii_ 
of  weariness  and  stiftncss  between  shoulder  and  towards  nape.  Finc^ 
pricking  behind  sternum.  Call  to  urinate*  Shooting  in  1,  sole. 
Deeper  breathing.  Tearing  in  bones  of  r.  side  of  head.  Bruised  paia 
in  extremities,  especially  lower,  removed  by  walking.  Much  yawning  ~ 
(though  he  had  slept  well  at  night)*  Oppressed  feeling  in  chcsr,  cor 
pclling  deep  breathing.  Creeping  and  pressing  in  L  calf.  Peculiar  dull 
shooting  from  r.  hypochondcr  and  navel  to  sternum*  Much  rumbling 
in  bowels.  Internal  chilliness  and  cool  skin.  Sinciput  confused  asl 
if  pressed  in.  Eyes  sensitive  to  candle  light,  inclined  to  shut  thenv 
Creeping  in  dorsum  of  I.  foot.  Weary  in  knees.  When  walking 
through  room  great  exhaustion  and  wish  to  shut  the  eyes  ;  dccf 
breathing.  7  a.m.  Pulse  70.  Constant  desire  to  urinate.  Shooting 
outwards  from  L  nipple^  more  in  the  muscles  apparently.  Constant 
pressure  on  upper  part  of  chest  like  oppression,  with  repeated  decc 
breathing  when  walking  and  sitting,  with  painful  pressure  behinJ 
sternum,  and  on  both  sides  of  it,  coming  and  going,  with  feeling 
weight  in  chest.  Fine  shooting  in  1.  calf  ^  unne  normal.  In  stomachH 
constant  pressive  sensation.  1  eanng  in  L  occipital  bone.  Drawing 
and  pressure  in  1.  intercostal  muscles,  in  muscles  of  1.  thigh,  with 
bruised  feeling  of  1.  elbow.  8  a.m.  Pressing  pain  in  lower  pan  of  L 
leg  when  walking.  Stool  and  much  urine,  followed  immediately 
by  renewed  call  to  urinate.  The  tightness  of  chest,  deep  breath* 
ing,  stitches  behind  sternum,  and  the  peculiar  pressure  on  sides  of 
sternum,  continue  even  when  seated.  9  a.m.  Peculiar  constant  dull 
pressure  deep  in  pit  of  stomach.  Internal  trembling  in  r.  forcartri 
to  head.  Bruised  feeling  in  sacrum.  Great  sensitiveness  to  cool  air. 
9.45  a.m.  When  walking  shooting  in  r.  lung*  Frequent  call  to 
urinate.  Noon.  When  sitting  the  above-mentioned  chest  symptoinjJ 
recur,  especially  behind  r.  border  of  sternum,  where  the  pain  is  increased* 
by  inspiration.  2.30  p.m.  W^ hen  sitting  some  irregular  strong  hearths 
beats  with  feeling  of  oppression.  Shooting  in  r,  pectoral  muscles*  Pres- 
sive pain  behind  sternum.  Drawing  in  L  wrist.  Shooting  in  1.  pectoral 
muscles  j  drawing  in  r.  foot  i  boring  in  sinciput.  Occasional  oppres* 
sion  of  breathing.  Shooting  in  I.  lung  between  fifth  and  sixth  ribs, 
especially  by  breathing,  4  p*m.  Anxious  feeling  of  oppression  in 
heart  with  irregular  stronger  beats.  Boring  in  r.  cranial  bones  and  In 
ascending  ramus  of  r.  lower  jaw.  Soon  after  dinner  (2  p.m.)  and  later 
great  hunger.  Shooting  in  middle  of  r.  lung,  increased  by  every 
breath  drawn.  5,30  p.m.  AH  day  weary  and  heavy  in  legs;  quan- 
tity of  unne  passed  increased. — 3rd.  Towards  m.  many  cheerful 
dreams  about  acquaintances,  and  when  lying  on  1.  side  (his  usual  posi- 
tion m  sleep}  an  acute  pain  in  apex  of  heart,  which,  however,  does  not 
quite  wake  him  up.  M,  Slight  pressure  behind  sternum.  Stool 
delayed,  hard^  scanty.     Little  hunger  all  d.     Less  urine  passed  during 


AGARICUS. 


141 


A, — 5th^  545  a.m.,  60  dr.  tinct.  Weight  in  1,  leg  like  lead.  Crcak- 
sng  of  many  joints  when  moved,  lasting  Jong.  Constrictive  pressive 
pain  in  I.  elbow  and  r*  shoulder.  Pressing  and  tearing  in  I.  cranial 
bones  and  in  crown.  Creeping  J  ike  ants  in  tips  of  1.  toes.  Pulse  57, 
soft,  small.  6  a.m.  Slight  chilliness  on  slight  movement.  Tearing  in 
bones  of  sinciput.  Heavy  and  full  in  sinciput.  Itching^  creeping  in 
skin  of  ].  sole.  Bruised  feeling  of  limbs,  especially  lower  ones- 
Frequent  deep  breathing.  Like  small  jerks  in  muscles  of  1.  shoulder 
and  betwixt  scapulaj.  Frequent  yawning.  Slight  walking  tires  much. 
Shooting  in  r.  pectoral  muscles.  Constant  rumbling  in  belly,  eructa- 
tion of  tasteless  air  and  emission  of  flatus.  When  sitting  the  bruised 
pain  and  weariness  are  greatest.  Eyes  narrow,  and  shooting  in  border 
of  lids  as  when  very  sleepy,  with  sensitiveness  to  candle  light,  6,30 
a.m.  Involuntary  closing  of  eyes.  The  edges  of  lids  and  conjunctiva 
lining  them  are  redder,  with  shooting  and  tension.  Feeling  of  weight 
on  chest  and  deeper  breathing.  Internal  chilliness  frequently,  m- 
creasing  later  on.  Drawing  pressure  behind  r,  edge  of  sternum. 
Tearing  in  r,  ankle-joint  and  r.  knee,  and  dull  drawing  in  upper 
incisor  teeth,  after  exposure  to  cool  air.  Fine  shooting  in  1,  lung. 
Peculiar  drawing  and  aching  on  the  back  parts  of  roots  of  upper  L 
teeth,  including  incisors.  Till  7  a.m.  pulse  57 — 60.  Urgent  call 
to  urinate.  Small  jerks  in  lumbar  muscles.  Smarting  sensation  in 
mucous  membrane  of  I.  nostril.  Slight  exertion  tires  much,  out  of 
breath  and  bruised  pain  in  anterior  muscles.  Continued  pain  deep  in 
umbilical  region.  7.30  a.m.  Pulse  58.  On  taking  a  deep  breath 
feeling  of  movement,  almost  shooting,  in  pectoral  and  cervical  muscles. 
Stool  with  much  urine.  Tearing  in  various  parts  of  cranial  bones, 
8,15  a.m.  Pulse  70.  Call  to  urinate  increased.  Bruised  pain  of  some 
joints,  but  not  so  severe.  Feeling  of  stiffness  in  tendones  AchiUis  when 
rising  from  seat.  Very  great  hunger.  9  a.m.  Shooting  in  r.  lung,  in 
several  parts,  momentary.  9.45  a.m.  Urine  straw  coloured.  More 
or  less  violent  pressive  pain  in  umbilical  region,  sometimes  rising  up 
into  r*  side  of  chest.  When  walking  slowly  in  open  air  much  flushing 
of  heat  over  back,  twitching  in  face  1.  side.  Anxious  feeling  in  heart, 
and  some  stronger  irregular  hearths  beats,  which  increase  that  feeling 
when  sitting  at  12.30  p.m.  j  this  is  repeated  an  hour  afterwards. 
Stitches  behind  sternum  hindering  breathing.  2.30  p.m.  Stitches  on 
1.  side  of  chest,  between  nipple  and  sternum,  increased  by  every  breath 
drawn  ;  pulse  90,  full,  hard.  3  p.m.  Stool  and  much  urine.  Peculiar 
bubbling  sound  in  r,  car,  frequently  repeated.  Tearing  in  various 
parts  of  cranial  bones.  4  p.m.  Pulse  85.  Here  and  there  painful 
aching  in  limbs.  More  or  less  severe  tightness  of  chest,  with  occa- 
sional deeper  inspirations  and  more  distinct  heart's  beats,  and  a  kind  of 
oppression,  especially  behind  both  edges  of  sternum  throughout  its 
whole  length,  also  later.  5  p.m.  Pulse  84. — 6th,  9  a.m.,  stool  and 
much  urine.  All  day  more  inclined  for  work  and  more  cheerful  than 
yesterday.  More  and  more  frequent  urine,  Several  times  oppression 
of  heart  when  sitting  quietly,  and  stronger  heart's  beats.  Appetite 
small,  chiefly  for  bread  and  butter.  E.  When  sitting  sudden  stitches 
deep  in  chest  close  to  dorsal  vertebra;.     Repetition  of  the  bubbling 


142 


AGARICUS. 


noise  in  r.  ear. — 7th  and  8th.    Sometimes  shooting  in  one  01^  odier- 
lung,  especially  when  leaning  forwards  or  stooping  down  ;  sleep  short, 
uneasy  dreams  ;   stool  regular.      During  the  d.  occasional  shooting 
behind  edges  of  sternum,  and  heart's  beats  irregular,  stnm«r,  and  as 
though  jostling  one   another,   following  a  cessation  of  die  hemit^s 
beats,  combined  with  oppression,  only  when  seated.— 9th,  6.15  ajn., 
2    drachms    of   tinct.      Skin    cool,  but    veins   swollen,    more    ao 
later  on.     Creeping  in  1.  toes.     Repeated  bubbling  noise  in  n  ear. 
Bruised   pain  in  1.  elbow  and  ankle-joint.    Drawing  mnd  prrsiin^  in 
several  muscles  of  extremities ;   pulse  80.     Sensitiveness  of  ejca  to 
candle  light.  Slight  nausea.   6.30  a.m.  Pulse  6o.  Pressive  pain  in  aoiise 
muscles  of  extremities,  quickly  coming  and  going,  chiefly  in  CTtffnf1^r 
muscles.    After  5  m.,  pulse  65,  irregular  in  rapidity.   Tearingin  Ittmhar 
muscles  when  walking  and  sitting.     Pain  in  1.  shoulder-joint.     Sttccbes 
in  orifice  of  urethra.     Much  urging  to  urinate.     Deeper  breathing. 
Tearing  in  cranial  bones,  more  1.  side.     Bruised  pain  in  L  fingers,  chca 
in  extensor  muscles  of  1.  leg.      Smarting  and   narrowed  feeling  in 
eyelids.      7   a.m.    Pulse  60.      When  sittine  the  muscukr  sjrflBptoms 
increase  ;  they  are  slighter  when  walking.    Jerking,  drawing  ana  pres- 
sure here  and  there  in  muscles  of  leg.     Slight  shooting  in  base  of  L 
lung.     Pulse  sometimes  as  if  double  with  a  snort  after-beat.    Pain  in  L 
intercostal  muscles  beneath  shoulder.     Respiration  superficiaL     Much 
yawning.     When  sleeping  oppression  in  heart  and  stronger  hevtfa 
beats.     7.15  a.m.  Pulse  60,  unequal  quickness.     Bruised  pau  in  npper 
arms.     Tearing  pains  in  pit  of  stomach.    Great  noise  of  air  and  Kid 
in  bowels.     Flow  of  saliva.     Till  7.45  a.m.  pulse  remains  60,  of  unequal 
rapidity,  several  slow  full  beats,  then  some  rather  quicker  and  less  fiiH. 
Pain  in  bases  of  r.  fingers.     The  pupils,  which  were  at  firrt  contrKCcd^ 
became  afterwards  visibly  and   persistently  dilated.      8  a.nL  Plain  in 
dorsal  muscles  when  seated.    Pulse  65.    8.30  a.m.  After  long-oontinued 
urging  to  urinate,  much  urine  passed  and  a  soft  stool.     Perustent  pain 
deep  in  umbilical  region.     9.30  a.m.  Pain  along  edg^  of  ribs  fiom  back, 
encircling   the    body,  worst  when  walking   and  standing,  hindering 
respiration.     When  walking  shooting  in  r.  lung,.  Shooting  behiiM 
sternum  not  increased  by  inspiration,  but  worst  at  end  of  expiration. 
Great  urging  to  pass  urine,  which  scarcely  ever  leaves  off.     12.30  p.naL 
No  appetite^  though  has  eaten  nothing.     When  sitting,  tearing  in  I^^} 
shooting  in  1.   lung.     When  sitting,  oppression  in  heart  with  some 
stronger  beats.     Tearing  in  cranial  bones,  on  1.  posteriorly.     Increased 
pulsation  of  heart  felt  inwardly.     Twitching  pain  in  bladder.     3.30  p.ai. 
Pain  in  some  muscles  of  extremities.     All  afternoon  very  drows^M-— 
loth.  On  rising  in  morning,  stiff  pain  in  r.  biceps  when  bending  ton* 
arm,  lasting  a  long  time.     Forenoon.  Frequent  micturition.    During 
the  day  little  appetite.     When  at  rest  oppression  behind  sternum,  and 
some  stronger  heart's  beats.     Two  softer  stools  during  day.     Piofiiae 
perspiration  whenever  he  walks.     Much  thirst  for  cold  water  since  nooiu 
Afternoon.  Urine  scanty  and  dark  coloured.  On  two  different  eveniogs 
has  the  following ;  when  going  to  sleep  an  electric  shock  with  twitching 
through  legs,  chiefly  the   1.,  and  sudden  complete  waking,  thereafter 
slept   well. — nth.,   m.,  when   sitting,   inward   drawing  from    pffilvic 


AGARICUS. 


muscles  to  leg,  which  passes  into  outward  trembling,  with  very  warm 
skin,  slow  pulse.  Sometimes  slight  pressure  in  various  joints^  and  slight 
tightness  behind  sternum.     {j^Hg-  h,  Ztg.^  xlvi,  6,  25 ,) 

5.  Dn  Adler,  3et,  39,  small,  thin,  black  haired,  sanguine-cholcric 
temperament.  Healthy,  only  suffers  occasionally  from  hereditary 
haemorrhoids. 

&n  Proving  of  agar.  2,. — loth  Sept.  100  drops  i  h.  before  breakfast. 
In  i  h.  had  full  feeling  in  umbilical  region,  later  pressure  in  stomach 
as  from  accumulation  of  flatulence,  bymptoms  all  went  off  before 
breakfast,  but  \  h.  thereafter  pressivc  pain  and  down-drawing  in 
stomach,  relieved  by  discharge  of  much  wind. — iith,  200  drops 
tTi«  fasting.  Immediately  nausea  with  inclination  to  vomit  and 
aching  on  r.  side  of  larynx,  with  cough  irritation.  Soon  afterwards 
quite  well.  \  h.  after  breakfast  on  taking  a  draught  of  cold  water 
painful  jerks  in  a  loose  tooth  in  lower  jaw.  This  symptom  recurred 
several  times  m  \  h.  on  drinking  cold  water.  About  10  a.m.  tran- 
sient vertigo  with  pressive  frontal  headache. — 12th,  6  a.m.,  300  drops. 
Soon  pain  in  sinciput  as  if  forced  together  from  both  sides,  and  feeling  in 
belly  as  if  about  to  be  purged.  About  8  a.m.,  shooting  pain  in  r. 
temple  above  eye.  On  drinking  water  jerks  in  teeth  as  before.  About 
8.30  a.m.,  transient  vertigo,  12,  noon,  spasm  in  stomach,  urgent  call 
to  stool,  which  was  copious,  and  could  scarcely  be  kept  back  ;  just 
before  had  painful  pressure  on  rectum  anteriorly,  i  h.  after  noon 
meal  prostration  and  weakness  of  lower  extremities  ;  stitches  in  r. 
calf,  burning  in  rectum,  and  inflamed  piles,  E.  Burning  and  itching 
on  sternum,  whereon  were  some  pustules  the  sixe  of  a  millet-seed  with 
red  areola.  Sleep  at  n.  much  disturbed. — 13th.  Woke  at  4  a.m.  m 
cross  temper,  with  transient  shooting  pain  in  head  going  from  L 
parietal  bone  to  r.  temple.  Immediately  afterwards  pressure  of  flatu- 
lence against  navel,  lasting  some  m,  \  then  momentary  shooting  pain  in 
r*  eyeball. 

b.  Proving  of  mother  tincture. — J 4th,  At  7  a.m.,  fasting,  4  drops  of 
mother  tincture.  Immediately  transient  boring  and  pressure  in  sto- 
mach. 15th. — At  7  a.m.,  5  drops.  Thereafter  empty  eructation.  • 
4  h.  afterwards  nausea  on  drinking  cold  water.  3  h.  after  breakfast 
violent  pinching  in  umbilical  region  for  a  f^v/  seconds. — 16th.  At 
7  a.m.^  10  drops.  Pressure  in  stomach  for  some  seconds, — 17th.  At 
6  a.m.,  20  drops.  Immediately  a  stitch  \n  r.  temple,  then  a  stitch  in 
1.  temple,  followed  by  slight  pressure  in  the  latter,  lasting  some  m.  ;  at 
same  time  great  rumbling  in  belly.  In  J  h.  tearing  drawing  pain  in  r. 
upper  maxilla  and  r.  cheek,  lasting  some  seconds.  At  7  a.m.,  pressive 
pain  in  frontal  region,  and  frequent  empty  eructation*  2  h.  later  pain- 
less twitching  in  r.  masseter  muscle  like  a  jerking  for  some  seconds. 
In  afternoon  heavy  feeling  and  invincible  drowsiness. — 18th.  At 
6  a.m.,  30  drops.  About  9  a.m.,  vertigo,  9*30.  Pressure  and  drawing 
in  stomach,  increased  by  pressing  on  it  with  the  hand  j  forcing  below 
the  navel.  9*45*  Shooting  pain  in  r.  frontal  region.  About  5  p.m., 
needle  pricks  in  L  thumb,  aggravated  and  also  excited  by  slightly 
touching  ;  painful  lameness  of  r,  upper  and  forearm,  and  slight  fatigue 
of  the  latter  on  writing  but  little.     Before  midnight  pressure  in  chest 


144 


AGARICUS. 


and  difficylty  of  breathing.— igth,  6  a.ni,^  30  drops.  Frequently  during 
dp  attacks  of  anxiety,  then  oppression  of  breathing,  compelling 
frequent  deep  breathing, — 20th.  40  drops.  About  i  p.m.,  pncssivc 
pain  in  r,  eyebrow  and  burning  in  fauces,  the  lower  surface  of  tongue 
on  the  r.  sore  and  burning  in  several  spots  j  the  sore  spots  looked 
shaggy.  About  5  p  m.,  transient  twitching  in  r*  side  of  head.  On 
lying  down  at  n.  several  blows  in  the  heart  and  trembling  in  scrobiculus 
cordis  with  anxiety,  caused  oy  every  little  sound,  also  on  waking  in  m, 
accompanied  by  stitches  in  umbilical  region,  frequent  sneezing  and  yawn* 
ing. — 2ist,  40  drops.  About  11  a.m.,  painful n ess  of  1.  maxillary  joint, 
aggravated  by  touching.  About  2  p.m.,  shooting  tearing  in  horizontal 
branch  of  lower  jaw. — 22nd.  On  awaking  at  5  a.m.,  itching  in  borders 
of  eyelids  and  considerable  frontal  headache.  About  7  a.m,,  45  drops. 
Then  anxiety  of  chest  and  frequent  sighing.  About  9.30,  stupefaction 
and  drowsiness,  betier  in  open  air,  N.  spent  in  restless  dreams  and 
half-slumber. — 23rd.  50  drops.  Immediately  pressive  pain  in  r,  eye- 
brow, relieved  by  washing  the  body  in  cold  water,  hut  then  becomes 
worse.  After  J  h.  stupefaction  and  vertigo,  gnawing  in  scrobiculus 
cordis  and  pinching  in  belly.  About  8.45,  pressive  frontal  headache. 
About  10.30,  understands  what  he  reads  with  difficulty,  though  it  is 
quite  easy  j  reads  with  difficulty,  because  the  print  seems  to  move. 
In  both  eyes  itching  and  burning.  Great  drowsiness. —  24th.  60 
drops.  I  h  afterwards  as  if  a  pressive  pain  round  about  the  whole 
head  ;  at  same  time  pressive  pain  in  1,  eyeball.  About  8.30,  forc- 
ing in  I,  groin  and  pinching  in  belly,  lasting  some  m.  Thereafter 
pressive  pain  in  L  eyebrow  for  5  m. ;  immediately  thereafter  transient 
pressive  and  shooting  pain  in  r.  eyebrow.  About  10  am,,  twitching 
and  shooting  in  r.  temple  and  along  zygoma.  In  the  room  vertigo, 
less  in  open  air,  but  soon  returning.  10.30  a.m.  Stitches  on  1,  side  of 
hairy  scalp,  passing  into  pressive  pain  in  crown.  Piles  highly  inflamed 
and  painful  since  yesterday.  6.30.  p,m.  Pressive  pain  in  1.  eyebrow. 
Woke  at  midnight  with  pains  in  stomach,  as  if  flatulence  pressed  out- 
wards* After  discharge  of  much  foetid  flatus  the  pains  went  oiF, 
(Three  successive  nights  woke  precisely  at  midnight.) — 25th,  6  a. in,, 
60  drops,  9  am.  Pressive  pain  in  L  eyeball,  lasting  J  h.  During 
the  day  slight  vertigo.  Woke  at  2  a.m*  with  blows  and  aching  pain 
in  r.  ankle-joint,  then  a  very  tiresome  sensation  in  heart  as  though  it 
were  constricted,  going  off  gradually  in  j  h. — 26th.  On  waking  at 
5  a.m.  vertigo  and  tightness  of  chest  that  lasted  almost  all  d.  Violent 
burning  in  piles.  Woke  about  every  j  h,  in  the  night, — 27th,  m., 
violent  forcing  in  the  rectum  after  copious  stool.  Discharge  of 
several  ounces  of  bright  red  blood  from  rectum,  with  tenesmus,  (Has 
had  no  ha^morrhoidal  flux  for  years.)  During  the  d.  drawing  pain 
in  forehead  to  the  eyes,  going  and  coming. — 28th,  m,,  on  waking 
twitching  in  1.  eye. — ist  Oct.  80  drops.  Noon*  Pressive  and 
drawing  pain  in  forehead,  eyes  and  occiput ;  pressure  in  stomach, 
with  frequent  inclination  to  sigh.  After  noon  meal  uncommon 
drowsiness;  drawing  pains  in  head  all  the  rest  of  d. — 2nd,  m., 
pressive  pain  in  r.  eyebrow.  No  further  symptoms  till  6ih,  when 
had  in  m,  on  waking  out-prcssive  shooting  pain  in  I.  eyebrow,  and 


4 


4 


AGARICUS. 


HS 


that  n.,  about  i  am,,  transient  blows  in  heart  with  anxiety,  and  tran- 
sient burning  in  orifice  of  urethra.  No  further  symptoms.  [Ztitichr. 
dfS  Ver,  d,  horn.  Jerzte  Oisterreichsy  ii,  1863.) 

6,  Mr§.  Adler,  aged  29,  since  her  confinement,  nine  months  ago, 
very  irritable  ;  is  stout,  blonde,  health  good,  catamenia  always  regular. 
14th  Sept*  took  100  drops  of  2^  aqueous  dilution  of  agar.  Immediately 
rumbling  in  belly,  and  pressure  in  sacrum  for  a  few  seconds*  Then 
weight  in  scrob.  cordis.  Slept  well  at  night,  but  awoke  un refreshed, 
with  heat  and  heaviness  of  whole  body. —  15th,  200  drops.  In  \  h. 
severe  shooting  in  r,  side  of  head  \  later,  shooting  in  whole  head,  worst 
on  both  sides  of  head,  accompanied  by  stupefying  vertigo,  lasting  \  h, 
Catamenia  came  on  at  night  two  days  too  soon.  At  night  restless 
Jeep,  constant  tossing  about  owing  to  a  tiresome  shuddering  in  the 
i^hole  body,  as  also  in  head,  chest,  abdomen  and  feet,  i  a.m.,  woke 
with  violent  tearing  pain  in  all  the  upper  teeth,  lasting  J  h.  On 
waking  in  m.,  drawing  pain  in  r.  sinciput,  palpitation,  and  the  same 
heaviness  in  body. —  i6th,  7  a.m.,  200  drops.  7.45  a.m.,  violent 
vertigo,  must  sit  down  often.  No  appetite  for  breakfast,  8  a.m.,  when 
sitting  down  on  account  of  vertigo,  suddenly  a  violent  headache, 
pressive,  extending  into  1.  car,  soon  followed  by  shooting  pain  in  r. 
side  of  head.  This  headache  continued  more  or  less  all  d.  11  a.m., 
spasmodic  contractive  pains,  from  the  scrob.  cordis  to  deep  into  belly, 
with  nausea,  all  lasting  some  minutes,  then  empty  eructation  alternating 
with  three  violent  hiccups,  2  p.m.,  tearing  pains  in  1.  upper  arm  and 
lower  teeth,  with  similar  tearing  or  violent  itching  in  L  ear,  causing 
her  to  bore  into  the  ear.  When  she  lay  on  the  affected  side,  the  paios 
were  aggravated  \  they  lasted  all  afternoon  with  nearly  equal  violence 
till  e.,  when  they  became  better.  Catamenia  more  profuse  than  usual, 
with  violent  tearing  and  bearing  down  pains  in  abdomen  and  back. 
Very  cross,  answered  unwillingly.  Dislike  to  work,  ran  restlessly  from 
one  place  to  another,  though  very  fatigued  in  limbs  and  prostrated.  E., 
a  copious,  soft,  greenish  stool.  Twice,  afternoon  and  e,,  attacks  of 
ihuddering  all  through  body,  several  times  palpitation  of  heart,  water 
^frequently  rose  into  her  mouth.  On  lying  down  at  night,  violent 
itching  betwixt  1.  index  and  thumb,  also  in  r.  side  of  nape,  and  pustules 
the  size  of  poppy -seeds  appear  on  both  places.  Intolerable  itching  in 
external  genitals  lasting  till  next  d,^ — 17th,  m,,  stupefying  headache 
all  forenoon.  1 1  a.m.,  difficulty  of  breathing 
m  cardiac  region  with  palpitation.  Afternoon, 
a  dark  green  fiuid  stool  j  catamenia  increased  last  night,  restless  sleep, 
waking  frequently  on  account  of  violent  drawing  and  tearing  pain 
in  teeth  and  sides  of  head  y  the  little  sleep  was  full  of  vivid  dreams, 
—  i8th,  m.,  dull  headache  with  stupefying  vertigo  and  palpitation 
of  heart,  somewhat  relieved  by  getting  up,  but  soon  becoming  more 
violent,  with  frequent  chilliness  ;  catamenia  declining.  Cross  with 
herself,  and  sorry  for  herself  j  face  pale  and  sunken,  feels  very  prostrated. 
'^clt  as  if  the  whole  body  was  wasting  away.  Thi,i  weakness  and 
prostration  on  the  slightest  exertion,  with  palpitation  and  stupefying 
headache  and  vertigo,  and  the  restless  sleep  with  anxiety,  lasted  more 
or  less  lor  eight  days,  and  alternated  with  on^  another,     (Z^'W.) 

10 


with  vertigo  lasting 
and    burning  pain 


h6 


AGARICUS. 


7,  Rosalie  A — ,  aged  60^  single,  no  catamenb  for  firtccn  yeariflodt 
both  eyes  in  infancy  from  ophthalmia.  Enjoys  good  health.  Brunette, 
black  hair,  sanguine  temperament.— 14th  Scpt.^  too  drops  of  agar.  2* 
(alurays  took  the  drops  2  h*  after  breakfast).  In  i  h*  rigor  all  over, 
with  goose-skin,  lasting  l  m.  Never  had  anything  like  it  before. 
—15th,  200  drops.  In  ^  h.  violent  rigor  with  goose-skin,  then  heat  in 
head,  with  painful  throbbing  in  frontal  region  and  sweat  on  forehead, 
soon  passing  off, —  i6th,  300  drops.  In  )  h.  some  stitches  in  hepatic 
region  j  next  n.  intolerable  noise  in  both  ears  like  that  of  a  spinning- 
wheel,  lasting  several  h. — 17th,  lo  drops  of  tincture*  In  }  h.  burning 
in  1.  eyebrow  near  temple^  and  creaking  in  1.  occiput  aggravated  by 
pressure,  lasting  J  h.  At  same  time  deafness  of  1.  car,  as  if  something 
lay  before  it.  Some  vesicles  on  hard  palate,  with  sore  pain  In  them. 
•^i8th,  15  drops.  In  i  h.  violent  burning  pain  in  1,  eyebrow  and 
occiput,  with  sensitiveness  to  touch  ;  great  general  weakness.  All 
lasting  i  h, —  19th,  20  drops.  Soon  violent  shooting  and  twitching 
in  1,  eyebrow,  shooting  in  1,  axilla  and  ribs  of  1.  side.  In  i  h.  nausea 
and  great  weariness  ;  salt  taste  in  mouth  as  from  herring  ;  then  warmth 
streaming  through  the  whole  body, — 21st,  25  drops.  In  4  h.  pinching 
in  belly,  scraping  together  in  upper  abdomen,  stitches,  then  cutting  in 
it,  followed  soon  by  violent  bitter  vomiting. — 22nd,  30  drops.  In 
4  h,  frequent  empty  eructation,  then  vomiting  of  a  bitter  fluid.  Im- 
mediately afterwarcls  in-pressive  pain  in  forehead,  then  painful  twitching 
in  r.  eyeball  i  soon  afterwards  tearing  in  1.  thigh  and  calf,  burning  in 
stomach. — 23rd,  40  drops.  In  |  h.  belching  of  a  salt  fluid,  then 
stitches  in  1.  temple  and  sacrum,  and  soon  after  clawing  in  scrob. 
cordis,  as  with  pincers. — 24th,  in  i  h.  bitter  vomiting  with  shud- 
dering all  over  the  body,  then  transient  stitches  in  rectum  and  r.  lumbar 
region.  Then  pressure  and  twitching  in  forehead  to  the  eyes,  for  }  h* 
Then  transient  itching  and  sharp  smell  in  nose,  as  though  she  would 
sneeze. — 25th,  no  medicine.  During  the  day  frequent  stitches  in 
liver  and  r,  lumbar  region  j  pressive  frontal  pain  all  day. — ^26th, 
30  drops.  In  2  h,  burning  on  crown  with  stupefaction  and  vertigo, 
she  seemed  to  be  turning  round,  so  that  she  must  quickly  sit  down  on 
floor,  otherwise  she  would  have  fallen.  This  vertigo  lasted  2  h,,  along 
with  it  were  nausea,  shooting  in  liver  and  scrob,  cordis.  AH  day  could 
take  no  food.      Next  day  well  except  slight  pressure  in  head,     [Ih'tdJ) 

8.  J.  Baumgartner,  aged  32,  sanguine-choleric  temperament, 
thin,  subject  to  boils  in  different  parts  of  the  body,  and  a  purulent 
discharge  from  r.  ear,  otherwise  well 

a.  His  first  provings  were  with  dilutions  made  with  10  drops  tincture 
to  80  alcohol. — 24th  Oct,  Began  with  8th  dil.  and  descended 
gradually  to  the  ist,  taking  each  dilution  for  3  d.,  100  drops  every 
morning,  and  leaving  a  d,  free  between  each  dilution.  From  24th  tu 
29th  no  symptoms. — 30th  (7th  diL),  Transient  tearings  in  the 
fibrous  expansions  of  different  parts  of  the  body,  especially  the  outer 
aspect  of  the  L  thigh.  Since  yesterday  a  pain  on  touching  between 
eighth  and  ninth  dorsal  vcrtebrse  ;  to-day  there  appeared  on  the  same 
spot  a  painless  pulsation,  beating  downwards,  synchronous  with  the 
puJsC|  as  though  the  aorta  were  in  the  spinal  cavity*    This  sensation 


AGARICUS. 


147 


liasted  more  than  one  hour,  and  was  relieved  by  pressure* — From  1st  to 
r3rd  Nov,  (6th  diK).  Each  time  after  taking  the  drug,  pain  in  sacrum 
and  increased  flow  of  saliva  into  mouth,  firmer  stools.  After  noon 
meal  inclination  to  vomit,  without  loathing  of  food,  cutting  searching 
pain  in  bowels,  prostration  of  the  bodily  strength  and  inability  to  think, 
with  internal  restlessness  that  drove  him  from  one  place  to  another. 
At  same  time,  feeling  in  head  as  though  the  frontal  portion  of  the  skull 
were  enlarged  and  the  brain  there  all  stirred  about,  with  pressive  pain  in 
both  tempTes,  dryness  in  gullet,  yawning,  and  a  painful  sensation  in 
fauces  when  swallowing  saliva,  as  if  something  were  torn* — 4th,  Boring 
pubating  pain  in  squamous  portion  of  temporal  bones,  lasting  more  than 
2  h. — From  5th  to  8th  Nov,  (5th  diK).  Firmer  stools,  the  superciliary 
prominences  are  painful  when  touched,  tenderness  of  the  eyeballs,  with 
constriction  of  them.  The  region  between  eighth  and  ninth  dorsal 
vertebra  is  painful  on  turning  the  body.  In  morning  increased  appetite, 
break^st  can  hardly  be  waited  for.  A  painful  suppurating  abscess,  the 
si^e  of  a  bean,  has  formed  in  the  middle  of  the  r»  deltoid  muscle.  In 
the  fibrous  expansions  of  the  extremities  there  occurred  occasional 
transient  tearings  j  in  abdomen  sometimes  cutting  pains  with  discharge 
of  inodorous  flatus,  increased  secretion  of  saliva  and  inclination  to 
vomit.  This  last  chiefly  in  the  room,  went  off  in  the  open  air  ;  at 
same  time  deficient  thirst,  chilliness  in  open  air,  and  a  pulsating  pressure 
in  the  nasal  bones,  with  sensation  as  though  a  swollen  body  in  the 
ypper  nasal  cavities  would  force  itself  out,  E.,  increased  heat  of  face, 
especially  about  the  zygoma,  dryness  in  throat,  and  flying  stitches  there 
on  being  touched. — From  9th  to  iith  Nov.  (4th  dih).  Painful 
pressure  in  eyes  on  moving  them,  and  straining  them  by  candle  light. 
—  12th.  The  pain  betwixt  eighth  and  ninth  vertebra?  recurred,  it  was 
drawing,  and  periodically  extended  to  hyoid  bone.  After  dinner  inclina- 
tion to  vomit ;  the  I,  big  toe,  at  the  depression  of  the  nail,  is  swollen 
and  very  painful. — From  13th  to  16th  (3rd  dil,).  Along  with 
transient  tearing  and  spasmodic  contraction  of  the  1.  glutceusmaximus, 
there  occurred  increased  painfulness  of  the  spine  on  turning  the  trunk, 
great  dryness  of  the  gullet,  earthy  taste,  eructation,  and  obtuse  pains,  now 
in  one  now  in  the  other  frontal  protuberance. — From  17th  to  20th  (2nd 
dil.).  Empty  feeling  of  head  ;  disposed  to  quarrel,  with  great  weariness 
of  lower  limbi,  as  if  lead  hung  on  to  them.  In  the  fauces  a  sensation  as 
if  some  food  had  stuck  there.  Breathiug  interfered  with  by  momentary 
stitches  in  cardiac  region,  with  irregular,  often  intermittent,  pulse.  A 
cold  sensation  frequently  in  the  glutaei  muscles. — From  21st  to  24th 
(ist  dil.).  Frequently  felt  tearing  now  and  again  in  the  fibrous 
expansions  of  the  body,  that  of  the  skull  not  excepted,  with  uncommon 
weariness  of  lower  limbs  when  walking,  so  that  he  must  often  sit  down  j 
at  same  time  pain  in  sacrum  and  great  drowsiness  ^  the  feeling  of  a 
foreign  body  in  the  fauces  compels  frequent  attempts  to  swallow,  which 
are  as  inefl^ctual  as  troublesome. 

i,  Proving  with  tincture  ^. — 25th  Nov.,  20  drops.  Stitches  in  1. 
heel  on  treading,  which  extend  up  the  leg  ;  tension  in  the  gastrocnemii  j 
transient  stitches  in  1.  hip-joint,  and  a  stretching  pain  in  the  articular 
cavityias  if  the  bone  of  the  cotyloid  cavity  were  severed  from  the  sacrum. 


AGARICUS. 


This  pam  spread  to  the  lower  abdominal  cavity,  and  then  disappeared 
gradually. — 26ih,  7  a.m.  ^o  drops.  Fulness  of  head,  with  a  stirring 
up  sensation  as  though  the  brain  In  the  frontal  region  were  an  ant-htll  ; 
cutting  boring  pain  from  the  K  anterior  nasal  orifice  upward  through 
the  nasal  canal  extending  into  the  nasal  bone,  just  like  an  electnc 
shock.  Two  small  stools  with  slight  burning  in  atvus  and  discharge 
of  cadaverous  smelling  flatus,  at  same  time  occasional  transient  tearings 
from  behind  through  the  chest  without  disturbance  of  respiration^  and 
stitches  in  1.  knee  lasting  several  seconds,  followed  by  weak  feeling  of 
the  limb. — 27th.  During  a  walk — in  consequence  of  a  jump — a  burn- 
ing, shooting,  dislocation  pain  beneath  r  nipple,  which  prevents 
respiration  for  a  few  seconds.  4  p,m.,  great  weakness  of  whole  body  1 
anxiety  with  breaking  out  of  sweat,  violent  stitches  in  cardiac  region, 
with  intermittent  pulse ;  at  same  time  loathing  without  vomiting,  and 
raging  pain  in  r.  hough, — ^iSth,  7  a.m.,  50  drops.  No  cBect. — 29th, 
7  a.m,,  100  drops.  Soon  empty  feeling  in  head,  dryness  in  throait, 
which  was  not  moistened  by  swallowing  saliva  |  inclination  to  vomit 
and  once  actual  vomiting.  The  inclination  to  vomit  continues  after 
the  vomiting ;  at  same  time  great  weakness,  uncertain  gait,  stumbling 
over  every  object  j  pressure  and  heaviness  in  chest ;  involuntary  sighing 
with  accelerated  heart's  and  pulse's  beats,  constant  spitting  of  saliva, 
dry  cough,  which  causes  shooting  pains  in  1.  side  of  chest  ;  rumbling 
in  abdomen  as  if  peas  were  shaken  about  in  it  ;  frequent  quite  soft 
stools,  the  call  to  which  had  to  be  quickly  obeyed  on  account  of 
paralytic  weakness  of  the  sphincter  ani,  feeble  sexual  function.  Along 
with  these  phenomena  there  was  a  very  acute  pain  at  the  twelfth  dorsal 
and  first  and  second  lumbar  vertebra,  with  cold  feeling  in  the  glutari 
muscles,  and  formication  on  the  feet, — 30th.  Vacant  feeling  in  head, 
indifference  to  the  world,  apathy  in  business,  great  dryness  of  the  throat 
not  removable  by  water  or  beer  ;  a  tiresome  pressure  in  the  fauces  as  if 
a  foreign  body  were  sticking  there,  which  cannot  be  removed  by  swal- 
lowing ;  shooting  burning  pains  from  scrob.  cordis  to  K  scapula, 
excited  by  deep  breathing,  and  very  much  aggravated  by  coughing, 
sneezing,  and  hiccup  ;  violent  pains  in  spinal  column  on  turning  the 
body,  especially  in  the  region  of  the  last  dorsal  and  first  and  second 
lumter  vertebrae,  which  became  pulsating  after  strong  exercise.  VVeak- 
ness  in  sacrum,  with  pressive  tensive  pains  in  it.  Cold  feeling  in 
glutsi  muscles,  which  are  spasmodically  contracted  and  hinder  waking. 
A  shooting  tearing  now  and  then  in  the  limbs  on  commencing  to  move, 
but  going  off  on  persevering  j  powerlessness  and  weariness  of  the  whole 
body, — 6th  Dec.  Head  vacant,  vertigo  when  walking,  whfch  makes 
the  gait  unsteady,  tender  gums  ;  dryness  of  throat  and  sensation  of  a 
foreign  body  less,  but  roughness  of  voice  with  shooting  pains  in  larynx 
on  drawing  a  deep  breath  ;  weight  and  shooting  pain  in  chest ;  quiclc 
pulse,  intermitting  every  30  to  40  beats  ;  fluent  coryza  ;  several  soft 
stools  causing  burning  at  anus. —  10th.  Cross  and  irritable,  with  vacancy 
of  head,  full  feeling  of  upper  nasal  passage,  with  sensation  as  if  a  ball 
wanted  to  come  down  through  nasal  canal  ;  pressive  pain  in  sacrum  as 
if  it  would  burst,  formication  in  feet,  strong  pulsation  of  heart  felt  down 
to  the  coccyx  i  quick  pulse  witb  painful  stitches  in  cardiac  region,  with 


AGARICUS. 


«49 


great  heaviness  and  weariness  of  lower  limbs.  All  the  symptoms, 
except  the  weakness,  gradually  declined  to  14th  Dec.^i5th,  9  a»m*, 
I  jO  drops.  Soon  afterwards  he  went  out  to  walk,  but  whilst  walking 
was  seized  with  such  weakness  that  he  could  scarcely  go  on  ;  then 
there  occurred  four  liquid  stools  with  burning  in  anus,  profuse  perspira- 
tion all  over  the  body,  even  on  the  hairy  scalp  ;  pulse  at  same  time 
quick  and  small  On  the  hairy  parts  of  occiput  and  along  sagittal 
suture,  small  elevations  appeared,  which  burned  and  smarted  after 
scratching.  During  day,  three  more  diarrhceic  stools,  with  swelling  of 
haemorrhoids,  and  a  strong  forcing  downwards  of  the  bowels  into  the 
inguinal  canal  and  pelvic  cavity  ^  after  unnatmg  the  urine  flowed  on 
involuntarily  for  some  time,  so  that  the  thighs  and  knees  were  often  quite 
wet ;  it  seemed  that  the  sphincter  muscle  of  the  bladder  refused  to  do 
its  duty  ;  at  same  time  pressure  in  sacrum  as  if  a  weight  lay  on  it, 
formication  in  glutsei  muscles,  and  a  coolness  running  down  from  the 
legs  to  the  toes ;  sexual  power  almost  extinguished.  These  sym- 
toms  gradually  declined  till  the  25th  Dec.  The  pain  in  sacrum 
sted  longest. — 26th,  9  a.m.,  200  drops.  Immediately  inchnation  to 
Ifomit,  but  not  actual  vomiting.  The  other  symptoms  were  like  the 
^bove,  except  a  feeling  as  if  the  head  were  enlarged,  and  a  cough 
ittended,  in  the  morning  especially,  by  expectoration  of  large  brown 
masses  of  mucus. — 30th,  i  p.m.,  300  drops*  Soon  slight  burning  in 
stomach,  with  loathing  and  heaviness  of  lower  limbs  j  afterwards  great 
drowsiness.  At  i  a.m.,  sudden  waking  with  ill-feeling  and  inclination 
to  vomit,  he  had  to  get  out  of  bed,  and  with  great  effort  vomited 
several  times  undigested  food.  The  pain  in  the  fauces,  as  from  a 
foreign  body,  was  aggravated  during  the  vomiting  ;  after  vomiting  felt 
as  if  1.  eyeball  were  enlarged.  Constant  salivation  causing  him  to  spit 
incessantly,  great  weariness,  especially  of  the  lower  limbs,  with 
trembling  of  them  ;  insensibility  and  coldness  of  glutsei  muscles. 
Constant  twitching  movements  in  sacrum  and  lower  extremities,  cold- 
ness of  all  the  body  with  hot  head,  at  same  time  as  if  destitute  of  senses 
and  thought,  followed  by  severe  rigor  all  over  the  body, — 31st.  Had 
to  remain  in  bed,  he  felt  so  weak.  Severe  headache  that  diminished 
in  the  c.,  and  was  confined  to  the  forehead  j  pressure  on  root  of 
nose,  with  feeling  as  if  nose  were  stopped,  which  it  was  not,  with 
dryness  of  throat ,  loathing,  though  the  taste  of  food  and  drink  was  all 
right  i  shudder  spreading  from  stomach  over  the  body  ;  swelling  of 
haemorrhoids  with  stitches  in  anus  ;  sometimes  violent  shooting  pains 
in  rectum  from  flatus  pressing  down  to  the  anus,  and  then  seeming  to 
make  a  backward  movement  in  the  pelvic  cavity.  Cough  increased 
towards  evening,  quick  pulse  =  100,  intermitting.  Painless  pulsation 
in  spinal  cavity.  In  back,  sensation  as  if  a  cold  air  spread  from  spine 
over  body,  Fullness  and  pressive  weight  in  sacrum,  shooting  pains  in 
fingers  and  toes  when  at  rest,  creaking  and  cracking  of  them  when 
moved,  shooting  pains  now  and  then  in  general  integument. —  ist  Jan, 
Many  of  the  above  symptoms  declined  or  disappeared,  but  in  their 
stead  there  came  on  a  peculiar  change  in  the  urinary  secretion.  When 
the  need  to  urinate  came  on,  the  sphincter  muscles  had  not  the  power 
to  retain  the  urine  for  a  moment,  it  flowed  out  in  several  gushes,  with 


fSO 


AGARICUS- 


long  aftcr-dribbling  which  wets  the  thighs ;  the  penis  was  cold  and 
shrivelled.     These  symptoms  gradually  went  off  till  9th  Jan. —  loth, 

9  a.m«,400  drops,  rressive  pains  in  1,  frontal  protuberance,  a  stirring- 
up  in  brain,  as  if  alt  there  were  moving  about  ;  confusion  of  thoughts 
with  forgelfuJncss,  weak  sight,  tearing  in  L  lower  jaw,  hiccup  in  throat  j 
griping  in  bowels  j  frequent  liquid  stools  with  burning  in  anus; 
paralytic  weakness  of  sphincter  ani  and  vesica?,  so  that  the  fseccs  and 
urine  could  only  be  kept  back  for  seconds.  Pressure  in  sacrum  and 
hip-joints,  especially  in  m.  in  bed^  sometimes  a  sensation  as  if  the 
painful  head  of  the  femur  were  separated  or  dragged  from  its  cotyloid 
cavity,  or  the  pelvic  bones  from  the  sacrum.  Burning  in  glutaei 
muscles,  salivation  and  formication  in  upper  and  lower  extremities  ; 
great  weakness  of  body,  dry  cough  with  wheezing  under  sternum, 
causing  burning,  accelerated  hearths  beat,  with  redness  of  face  and 
tickling  in  the  navicular  fossa  of  the  urethra,  as  if  some  foreign  body  were 
lodged  there.  Burning  of  tongue  as  from  pungent  tobacco,  shooting 
in  the  second  and  third  row  of  the  ankle-bones  and  heel  when  walking, 
ill-humour  and  irritability,  long,  gentle,  refreshing  sleep.     {Ihtd.) 

9,  Joseph  Copainigc,  medical  student,  aged  23*  choleric  tempera- 
ment,  venous  habitus,  generally  healthy,  but  suffer*  from  tapeworm. 

1st  d.,  8  a.m.,  5  drops  tinct.  agar.  9  a.m.,  tension  in  |>elvis  and 
hypogastrium,  transient  griping  recurring  after  short  intervals,  always 
commencing   with   a  stitch,  and    gradually  going    off.       From  9    to 

10  a.m.  The  griping  always  more  severe  and  more  frequent,  the 
stitches  commenced  in  the  pelvis,  spread  thence  to  the  r.  side  of 
abdomen,  along  the  iliac  region  to  the  r.  hypochondrium,  growing 
weaker  in  their  passage,  and  at  last  going  off  completely.  Tension  in 
the  whole  abdomen,  very  disagreeable  humour.  From  iotoiia.m. 
pain  in  abdomen  gradually  declined,  tendency  to  vomit,  stomach  felt 
full  and  as  if  seated  just  below  the  oesophagus,  so  that  only  the  slightest 
effort  would  be  required  to  vomit.  In  order  to  avoid  this,  he  must 
cease  smoking  tobacco.  Head  very  warm,  dull  drawing  pain  in  middle 
of  forehead  betwixt  eyebrows  ;  heat  and  weariness  of  ^yts^  the  eyelids 
every  time  they  are  shut  leaving  a  burning  feeling,  just  as  when  he  has 
sat  up  all  night  by  candle-light  Great  weariness  of  all  the  body  ;  ill- 
humour,  melancholy  disposition  ;  indisposition  to  all  work.  From  11 
to  12  noon,,  cessation  of  griping  in  belly' ;  head  full,  confused  ;  dull, 
rather  severe,  pain  along  forehead  and  sagittal  suture  ;  constant  heat  iti 
^y^^  \  frequent  yawning  ;  weakness  of  whole  body,  restless  disposition, 
dislike  to  tobacco  smoking.  From  12  to  1  p.m.,  head  constantly 
confused  j  dull  pain  in  occiput,  which  becomes  severely  burning  on™ 
lying  down,  and  while  lying  on  the  back  goes  gradually  between  tha| 
eyebrows.  Every  time  he  rises  up  a  stitch  in  the  forehead,  whereupon 
the  pain  goes  again  towards  the  occiput.  Heat  and  burning  of  eyes 
less,  no  appetite  for  dinner,  a  good  deal  of  thirst.  Afternoon,  pain  in 
head  declining,  heat  in  eyes  gone,  prostration  of  the  whole  body,  but 
general  feeling  better.  Cheerful  humour.  E.,  well.^ — 2nd  d.,  8  a.m., 
same  dose  as  yesterday.  From  9  to  10*  a.m.,  transient  stitches  in  the 
r.  hypochondrium  in  rapid  succession,  two  or  four  at  a  time,  and 
occurring  after  xo  m.     Fulness  of  stomach,  a  flat  feeling  in  it  \    i^ 


I 


AGARICUS. 


151 


seemed  to  be  immediately  below  the  gullet,  inclfnatlon  to  vomit,  and 
as   though  he  should  vomit  on   the  slightest   movement.     Tension  in 
abdomen.     From  lo  to  ii  a.m.,  the  stitches  in  hypochondrium  less; 
head  heavy,  dull,  a  drawing  pain  just  between  the  eyebrows  j  burning 
in  eyes,  which  as  well  as  the  head  feel  hot  to  the  touch  5  bitter  taste, 
tongue  dry;  laziness  and   general    prostration  i  ill  humour.     From  11 
to  12  noon,  head  heavy,  pretty  severe  pain  along  forehead  and  sagittal 
siJture  ;  head  sways  hither  and  thither  as  if  intoxicated  ;  ringing  in  U 
ear,  recurring  three  times  in  i  h.  ;    a   feeling  like  ants  crawling  along 
vertebral  column  j    chilliness  in  hands  i    nails  quite  blue,  pulse  small 
and  hard  ;  weariness  of  all  the  body  ;  drowsiness,  frequent  and  violent 
yawning ;    burning  In  eyes,  especially  when  the    eyes  are  shut    and 
opened  during  yawning.     From   1  2  to  i  p.  m*,  the  dull  pain  in  head 
has  gone  into  occiput ;    head  always  falling   backwards,  as  though  a 
weight  were  attached  to  occiput.     Chilliness  continues;  hands  quite 
blue,  eyes  always  closing,  weariness  of  body,  ill -hum  our,  obtuseness  of 
senses,  constant  yawning,  no  appetite.     Afternoon  :  invincible  sleepi- 
ness, followed  by  6  h.  of  undisturbed  sleep.     On   awaking,  quite  well. 
Slept  afterwards  9  h. — 3rd  d.,at  8  a.m.,  10  drops  tinct     In  Jh.  violent 
inclination  to  vomit,  great  nausea,  but  no  actual  vomiring.     From  9  to 
JO  a.m.,  heaviness  and   bearing  down   in  pelvis*     Call  to  stool  without 
result ;  drawing  pain  towards  navel  and  r.  hypochondrium,  from  pelvis 
upwards.    Slight  chilliness  along  spinal  column  and  upper  extremities i 
occasional  yawning;    cessation  of  inclination  to  vomit*     From   10  to 
II  a.m.,  gradual  advent  of  rigor  ;  face  and  hands  quite  blue,  icy  cold^ 
pulse  very  small,  hard  ;    pain   in  abdomen  gone  ;    head   rather   heavy, 
constant  prickling  along  spinal  column  and  in  occiput.     Very  frequent 
spasmodic  yawning,  with  violent  gaping  recurring  two  or  three  times  per 
m.,  laziness  of  whole  body,     From    11    to   12   noon,  rigor  gradually 
subsided,  yawning  less   frequent ;    head   dull,  full,  swaying  hither  and 
thither  ;  obtuseness  of  sight  and  hearing  ;  dejection  bordering  on  melan- 
choly ;  he  feels  quite  stupid  ;  eyes  hot ;  eyelids  burning,  drawing   pain 
in  centre  of  forehead,   drowsiness.     From  12  to   i    p.m.,  rigor  quite 
gone,  agreeable  warmth   ensues,  hands  and  iace  warm,  no  longer  blue, 
yawning  less  ;    head  full,  the  pain  extending  all  over  cranium,  worse 
when  touched,  head  swaying  to   and  fro  ;    unconquerable   depression, 
weariness,  laziness,  obtuseness  of  all  senses  ;  the  whole  psychical  sphere 
as  tl  paralysed,  hence  a  kind  of  stupidity,  brain  feels  constricted,  he  is 
unable    to    think   of  a   subject    for  a    few    minutes.      Disinclination 
[for  all  active  exertion.     No  appetite;    feet  cold  and   staggering.     He 
had  to  go  to  bed.     Sleep  soon  came  on  and  lasted  3  h.     After  waking, 
dull   fulness  in  occiput,  great  weariness,  tongue  quire  dry,  little   thirst, 
pulse  small,  often    hard.     Agreeable  warmth  all   over  the   bc»dy. — The 
next  three  d.  the  drug  was  omitted,  and  the  health  was  good. — 6th  d., 
8  a.m.,  5  drops.      Up  to  1 1  a.m.  no  symptoms.     From  1 1  to  i  p,m.  ;  dull 
undecided  pain  in  centre  of  forehead,  which  goes  off  on  pressing   bath 
temples,  but  returns  more  severely  after  a  little.     Except  weariness, 
no  other  derangement  of  health.    In  afternoon,  ill- humour,  dejection. — 
7th  d.,  at  8  a.m.,  10  drops.     Soon,  inclination  to  vomit,  then  vomiring 
of  mucus,     A  few  glasses  of  water  brought  all  in  order,  and  the  rest  of 


fS2 


AGARICUS. 


the  d,  quite  well.    8th  and  9th  days,  medicine  omitted,    lOth  d.,  8  a.fn^, 

5  drops.     No  symptoms,     {Ibid J) 

ID.  WEN2Et  HooR,  medical  student,  ^u  22»  thin,  almost  phthisical 
habitus,  sanguine-melancholic  temperament,  with  predisposition  to  pul- 
monary ailments.  At  the  commencement  of  the  proving  quite  well 
with  the  exception  of  slight  catarrh. 

11th  Nov,,  7.30  a.m,,  5  drops  tinct.  From  8.30  to  g  a*m* 
frequent  eructation  with  taste  of  apples,  though  he  had  eaten  none. 
Catarrh  worse  inc.,  the  cough  very  tiresome. — 12th,  7,30  a.m.,  6  drops. 
Between  9  and  tl  a.m.  eructation  like  yesterday,  with  slight  nausea 
and  inclination  to  vomit ;  all  day  dull  aching  pain  in  frontal  region  ; 
stool  noon  and  e, — unusual.     Cough  as  before  j  restless  sleep, — i3lh, 

8  a.m.,  7  drops.  Urine  turbid  on  passing,  deposited  tn  \  h,  copious^ 
white  flocculent  sediment,  consisting  of  phosphate  of  magnesia;  a 
glittering  skin  on  the  surface  of  the  urine  consisting  of  small  elongated 
crystals.  At  n.  copious  perspiration  ;  catarrh  declining,  cough  better. 
— 14th,  8  a.m.  8  drops.     Urine  like  yesterday,  catarrh  as  before. —  1 5th, 

9  drops.  Urine  very  red  and  clear,  but  after  standing  an  hour  quite 
turbid,  and  depositing  a  red  flocculent  sediment, — i6th  and  17th.  No 
medicine,  no  symptoms. — l8th,  m.,  10  drops.  Afternoon,  urine  fiery 
red,  after  standing  an  hour  a  red  pulverulent  sediment. —  tgtb,  n 
drops.  All  forenoon  frequent  eructation  with  taste  of  apples  ;  inclina- 
tion to  vomit,  dull  frontal  headache;  noon,  little  appetite.  Afternoon, 
urine  milky,  after  an  hour  covered  with  a  glittering  skin  and  with 
copious  white  sediment.  Two  fluid  stools. — 20th,  12  drops.  Fre- 
quent  eructation  as  before*  Appetite  good  ;  severe  pressivc  occipital 
headache  j  pulse  80.  E.,  great  weariness,  and  disposition  to  sleep. 
Urine  clear,  with  glittering  skin, — 21st,  15  drops.  Frequent  eructa- 
tion. Great  inclination  to  vomit ;  headache,  in  forehead  dull  aching^ 
in  occiput  throbbing  pain  j  appetite  good,  hut  after  eating  again  incli- 
nation to  vomtt.  Digestion  bad  ;  at  10  p.m.  still  the  taste  of  food  in 
the  eructations.  6  p.m.  The  CMTcipital  pain  went  off,  but  the  frontal 
pain  remained  rill  he  went  to  sleep.  During  a!i  this  time  the  catarrhal 
symptoms  were  only  observed  tn  the  forenoon. — ^2 2nd.  Sleep  restless. 
On  awaking  in  morning  dull  headache,  general  malaise,  pressure  \t\ 
gastric  region.  At  7.30,  20  drops.  The  smell  of  the  medicine  dis- 
agreeable, causing  him  to  shudder.  Immediately  feeling  of  considerable 
illness,  pale  face,  salivation,  trembling  of  limbs,  and  frequent  retching, 
but  not  vomiting.  Pulse  weak  and  slow.  Must  go  to  bed,  where  he 
got  better  in  an  hour.  Inclination  to  vomit  almost  gone,  eructation 
frequent,  then  rumbling  in  bowels.  10  a.m.,  pretty  well,  could  get 
up,  but  there  was  still  weariness  of  limbs.  After  taking  the  medicine 
the  headache  went  off,  and  did  not  recur.  All  the  rest  of  the  forenoon 
slight  nausea  with  copious  salivation.  Appetite  for  dinner  pretty  good  • 
urine  very  watery. — 23rd,  no  medicine.  No  symptoms. — 24th,  The 
smell  of  the  medicine  was  so  disgusting  to  him  that  he  could  only 
take  5  drops  in  a  pint  of  water.  Soon  eructation,  rumbling  in  bowels, 
confusion  of  head,  which  lasted  till  1  j  a.m.  and  then  suddenly  ceased. 
Appetite  for  dinner  good.  Urine  very  turbid,  cloudy. — 25th,  6  drops. 
Nothing  observed  except  red  turbid  urine,  which  deposited  a  copious 


AGARICUS, 


»53 


white  flocculent  sediment,  apparently  mixed  with  a  red  powder. 
Took  lo  drops  on  going  to  bed  at  9  p.m.^ — 26th,  Very  restless  n. 
On  waking  in  morning  dull  headache  and  pressure  in  stomach.  Took 
another  10  drops.  Immediately  watery  vomit,  with  shudder  through 
whole  body*  111  feeling  all  forenoon.  Pulse  weak  and  slow  ;  appetite 
bad*  Urme  in  forenoon  watery,  in  afternoon  milky  with  a  thick 
glittering  skin,  no  sediment.  Nausea  and  confusion  of  head  until  e. 
— 27th  and  28th,  No  medicine. — 2gth,  The  smell  of  the  medicine, 
even  greatly  diluted,  caused  retching,  so  that  he  could  not  take  any. 
— 30th,  10  drops  on  sugar.  All  forenoon  frequent  sour  eructation, 
rumbling  in  bowels,  slight  headache.  Two  fluid  stools  ;  urine  red  and 
turbid,  without  sediment. — ist  Dec,  m*  10  drops  on  sugar.  9  a.m. 
Violent  frontal  headache,  with  contraction  of  frontal  and  palpebral 
muscles.  Nausea,  ptyalism,  inclination  to  yawn,  pulse  weak,  appetite 
and  digestion  weak,  frequent  eructation  with  taste  of  food.  Urine 
milky,  turbid,  with  white  flocculent  sediment.  Two  stools  j  general 
weakness  and  prostration* — 2nd,  3rd,  and  4lh.  No  medicine.^ — 4th, 
Digestive  organs  in  order,  appetite  good,  weakness  gone,  pulse  normal, 
urine  reddish  with  slight  reddish  sediment. — 5th,  10  drops  on  sugar* 
Forenoon,  sour  eructation,  frequent  yawning.  Confusion  of  head* 
Urine  turbid,  red,  no  sediment*- — 6th,  10  drops.  Eructation  frequent, 
inch  nation  to  yawn  very  great,  dull  frontal  headache,  ptyalism,  pulse 
weak,  appetite  pretty  good,  digestion  good.  Afternoon,  frequent  eructa- 
tion. Urine  milky,  turbid,  with  copious  white  flocculent  sediment ;  two 
fluid  stools. — 7th,  10  drops  on  sugar.  Slept  ill  j  woke  with  headache 
and  pressure  in  stomach.  Soon  great  feeling  of  illness,  frequent  sour 
eructations,  shuddering,  frequent  yawning,  inclination  to  vomit,  violent 
boring  frontal  pain,  little  appetite.  After  eating  nausea  and  frequent 
vomiting.  Urine,  forenoon,  clear  as  water  ;  afternoon,  fiery  red,  no 
sediment  ;  two  liquid  stools, — 8th  and  9th.  On  account  of  the 
anorexia  and  indigestion  took  no  medicine. — 10th,  15  drops  on 
sugar.  Forenoon,  sour  c ructions,  rumbling  in  bowels,  increased  saliva, 
confusion  of  head.  Appetite  pretty  good,  digestion  bad ;  pressure  in 
stomach.  Urine  turbid,  red,  no  sediment*^ — '^th,  12  drops.  Great 
feeling  of  illness  ;  violent  boring  frontal  pain,  relieved  by  pressure, 
frequent  sour  eructation,  weariness  in  hmbs,  increased  saliva,  appetite 
very  bad,  loathing  of  food,  digestion  very  much  disordered.  Urine 
milky,  turbid,  vnth  glittering  skin  and  copious  white  flocculent  sedi- 
ment J  two  liquid  stools  j  pulse  weak  and  low. — I2th  Sleep  restless  | 
m,,  dull  headache,  frequent  eructation  with  taste  of  yesterday's  food* 
Little  appetite.  The  symptoms  gradually  declined,  and  soon  ceased 
completely,      [Ibid.) 

II.  Dr.  W.  HuBER.  a,  5th  Sept,,  m,,  10  drops  6x  tinct,  agar. 
After  2  h,  giddy,  confusion  of  head,  like  slight  intoxication,  lasting 
almost  all  day,  with  unusual  weariness  of  the  body.  Good  n.  On 
waking  it\  m,  pressivc  pain  deep  in  r.  frontal  eminence,  then  painful 
pressive  tension  in  tendons  and  ligaments  of  r.  sacra!  and  lumbal 
regions,  extending  to  glutseus  maximus,  only  felt  when  lying  on 
r.  side,  always  going  off  on  lying  on  1.  side. — 6ih,  m,,  15  drops. 
About  4  p.m.,  giddy  confusion  of  head,  especially  when  reading  aiid 


»54^ 


AGARICU^ 


Al 
W       br 

Mrri 


looking  at  light,  with  weariness  of  hmh^  and  general  ehultrtioQ 
bliKjd  i  puUc  much  excited,  strong,  quickened,  77  ;  the  pulsation 
felt  in  almost  all  prts  of  body,  eiiperUlly  in  epigastrium.  N. 
On  waking,  m*,  when  lying  on  1.  side,  a  pressive  tensive  pain  in  facr 
lumbar  vertebn**,  extending  thence  to  L  hip,  but  went  off  at  once 
lying  on  r.  side. — 7th,  30  drops.  At  2  p*m,  a  violent  stitch  in 
elbow  with  simultaneous  shock  through  arm  as  from  an  electric  shock. 
—8th,  40  drops.  During  the  d,  a  gnawing  biting  here  and  there  on 
various  parts  of  skin. — gth,  50  drops*  Severe  coryxa  with  confusion 
of  head ;  white  furred  tongue,  pppy  taste,  stitches  in  chin  and  elbows, 
with  electric  shocks  in  those  parts,  at  same  time  frequent  chilliness, 
and  restless  sleep.  The  coryza  lasted  itll  15th  Sept. —  t6th,  m^ 
15  drops  of  5x  dtl.  Soon  giddy  confusion  of  head,  scraping  sensation 
in  gullet,  head  confused  all  foren<K>n.  9  a.m.,  digging  pressive  patn 
in  1.  occipital  and  nuchal  region,  with  weariness  of  lower  limba,  and 
great  drowsiness*  When  lymg  frequent  muscular  twitchings,  now  on 
the  inner  side  of  the  L  knee,  now  on  the  upper  arm,  now  on  the  back  at 
r.  scapula*  8  p.m»  20  drops.  In  2  h,  smarting  prickling  for  25  seconds 
on  1.  half  of  tongue ;  afterwards  smarting  burning  on  a  small  spot  of 
the  dorsal  spine  that  went  off  in  a  few  m„  whereupon  a  similar  sensa* 
tion  occurred  in  the  tip  of  the  tongue.  N,  good.  At  6  a.m.,  in  bed, 
colicky  griping  in  abdomen,  extending  from  1,  ilium  between  navel  and 
symphysis  pubis  through  abdominal  cavity  to  r.  ilium,  relieved  by 
pressure,  and  lasting  only  a  few  m.^ — 17th,  m.,  30  drops.  At  noon 
confusion  of  head  and  slight  cool  horripilation  on  the  scalp  of  crown 
with  the  feeling  as  if  the  skin  there  were  stretched  more  tightly. 
After  dinner  unusually  long  and  profound  sleep.  After  sleep  subsultus 
tcndinum  on  r.  leg  and  r.  foot,  with  jerking  shocks  there  like  electric 
shocks  i  afterwards  smarting  itching  on  1.  sole  near  toes  and  on 
index»  N.  good.  On  waking,  m.,  some  griping  in  bowels. — l8t 
7  a.m.,  40  drops,  to  a.m.,  head  as  if  intoxicated  ;  weariness  of  legs 
in  open  air.  1 1  a.m,,  burning  stitch  in  1.  heel.  Afternoon,  transient 
shooting  on  crown  of  head.  N.  good, — 19th,  50  drops.  Soon  dry 
feeling  of  lips,  buccal  cavity  and  fauces  for  ^  h.  After  j  i  a.m.,  on  a 
small  long  spot  of  r.  glutaeus,  a  cooling  sensation,  lasting  20  seconds^ 
like  the  sensation  experienced  when  quicksilver  is  taken  into  the  hand. 
After  dinner  long  sleep.  E.,  20  drops  of  4X  dil.  In  \  h.  a  slight 
;ooling  burning  sensation  in  gullet  and  stomach.  At  9.30  p.m. ^ in 
ed,  the  same  quicksilver  sensation  again  in  r.  gluticus,  along  with 
bruised  pain  in  sacrum,  frequent  twitching  and  subsultus  ot  gJutsei, 
and  a  prickling  running  on  anterior  border  of  I.  index,  toes,  and  heeU 
his  prickling  was  very  like  what  one  feels  on  frostbitten  limbs  in 
change  of  weather.  After  4  h*,  in  the  warm  bed,  a  severe  burning 
came  in  the  feet  as  high  as  the  ankles  as  though  the  blood  in  the 
vessels  were  hot,  just  like  the  sensation  experienced  in  parts  numbed 
by  cold  when  exposed  to  sudden  heat.  This  lasted  J  h.,  went  off,  and 
recurred.  At  night  restless  sleep,  many  unremembered  dreams.  In 
the  m.  on  waking,  while  still  in  bed,  a  cutting  shooting  pain  in  inner 
canthi  of  eyes,  with  some  mucous  secretion  there.  Just  before  getting 
up  a  violeiit  stitch  from  the  spinal  marrow  in  the  sacro-lumbar  region 


AGARICUS. 


»5S 


towards  the  r  glutapus. — 20th,  7  a.m.  40  drops.  Soon  a  slight  pressive 
sensation  on  crown  of  head,  and  on  looking  out  at  the  window  into 
the  light  and  again  withdrawing  a  sudden  giddy  stupefaction  in  head  as 
though  he  would  lose  consciousness,  with  roaring  in  L  ear*  This 
lasted  a  few  seconds,  but  a  confusion  of  the  head  remained,  which 
lasted  all  forenoon  ;  then  there  came  on  the  r.  lower  jaw  and  surface 
of  the  back  a  short  pain  ;  in  the  former  as  if  fine,  in  the  latter  as  if 
coarse  splinters  were  pushed  in  between  skin  and  flesh  ;  an  itching, 
smarting,  and  burning,  causing  him  to  scratch  now  and  again,  in  the 
skin,  with  transient  stitches  as  from  fine  splinters  in  the  point  of  the  L 
elbow*  After  dinner,  on  a  small  spot  of  the  K  glutaeus  muscle,  the 
above  cold  quicksilver  feeling.  At  4  p.m.,  on  lying  down  with  the 
head  resting  on  n  arm,  the  body  suddenly  shuddered  as  with  cold,  the 
arm  involuntarily  drawn  down  to  the  trunk,  and  this  was  followed  by 
several  fine  stitches  on  both  elbows.  N.  quiet, — a  1st,  m.,  50  drops. 
Soon  a  short  pain  passing  through  the  1.  side  of  forehead,  dryness  of 
buccal  cavity,  with  scrapy  feeling  In  fauces,  fine  stitches  above  L  knee 
and  anterior  surface  of  thigh  ;  quivering  of  1,  upper  eyelid  ;  subsultus 
lendinum  on  r.  index  and  on  posterior  border  of  r.  hand.  At  2  p.m*, 
after  dinner,  smarting  on  posterior  front  of  L  border  of  tongue  and 
under  tongue  on  same  side  as  from  horse- radish.  3  p.m»,  the  well- 
known  sensation  on  a  spot  of  the  r.  natis  and  on  the  surface  of  the  back 
under  r.  scapula.  This  cold  feeling  seemed  to  have  its  seat  in  the  skin 
and  muscular  substance,  and  lasted  several  m*  E,,  20  drops  of  jx  dil. 
After  \  h.,  in  bed,  an  acrid  bitter  taste  at  root  of  tongue  ;  repeated 
griping  iii  L  hypogastrium  with  rumbling  in  bowels  ;  heat  of  body  as  if 
sweat  would  break  out,  with  roaring  in  I,  ear,  frequent  muscular 
twitching  in  L  calf,  cramp-like  pains  now  on  the  anterior  aspect  of 
thigh,  above  1,  knee,  now  in  muscles  of  1.  leg,  now  In  interior  of  1,  ear. 
At  midnight  woke  and  felt  a  stitch  on  a  dorsal  vertebra*  Remainder 
of  night  undisturbed.  M.,  on  rising,  bruised  pain  in  r,  hip,  going  off 
on  walking* — 22nd,  10  a.m.  30  drops*  Soon  cramp-like  pain  for  some 
seconds  in  region  of  spleen,  followed  by  violent  pricks  as  with  coarse 
needles  on  the  lower  border  of  L  orbit  at  the  exit  of  the  lower 
orbital  nerve,  with  frequent  muscular  twitchiiigs  on  1*  temple. 
After  dinner  a  hard  stool,  causing  sore  pain  at  anus*  6  p.m.,  tick- 
ling  itching  in  K  ear-lobe  and  external  meatus,  going  off  by  boring 
in  finger,  cracking  in  both  ears  during  empty  swallowing ;  e.,  in 
bed,  twitching  and  serpentine  subsultus  in  rectus  abdominis  muscle. 
N.  quiet. — 23rd,  5  a*m,,  40  drops.  After  i  h,,  while  still  in  bed,  jerk- 
ing convulsive  shocks,  first  of  r.  leg,  then  of  lower  jaw,  lastly  of  1.  arm, 
as  from  an  electric  shock,  which  appears  to  originate  from  the  neigh- 
bouring joints  of  these  organs  ;  thereafter  frequent  twitching  of  muscles 
of  L  temporal  and  zygomatic  regions.  Stitches  in  skin  of  r.  calf  and 
r,  side  of  neck*  At  2  p.m.,  after  dinner,  another  50  drops.  After  {  h. 
smarting  stitches  on  tip  of  tongue,  on  point  of  chin,  and  on  navel*  At 
same  time  frequent  subsultus  tendinum  in  r.  leg. — 24th.  No  medi. 
cine.  After  dinner,  on  a  small  spot  of  r*  hough,  the  well-known  cold 
quicksilver  feeling  with  frequent  muscular  subsultus  in  various  parts  of 
body.     3  a.m*,  woke  and  felt  first  internal  uneasiness  in  all  voluntary 


156 


AGARICUS. 


muscles,  followec!  by  trembling  of  whole  body,  especially  lower  jaw,  lastly 
there  came  on  a  choreic  muscular  action,  that  could  not  be  arrested 
by  the  strongest  effort  of  will,  there  was  twitching  of  the  hairy  scalp, 
temporal  muscles  and  cheek  muscles  of  both  sides,  on  which  there 
often  occurred  a  pain  as  if  splinters  were  pushed  in  betwixt  skin  and 
flesh  ;  the  upper  lip,  lower  lip,  muscles  of  bcjth  shoulders  and  back, 
those  of  upper  and  lower  extremities,  and  especially  the  1.  deltoid 
muscle,  the  calf  muscles,  even  the  muscles  of  the  soles,  were  similarly 
aflli^cted.  The  abdominal  muscles  were  confusedly  twitched.  At  same 
time  jerking  blows  on  several  limbs,  or  violent  shuddering  of  them,  and 
frequent  quick  movements  of  single  fingers.  This  lasted  2  h.,  during 
which  the  heart  beat  so  violently  that  the  sound  of  the  heart's  beats 
could  be  heard  by  the  prover.  The  muscular  twitchings  were  irre- 
gular, sometimes  r.,  sometimes  1.,  sometimes  simultaneous,  sometimes 
in  quick  alternation*  He  then  fell  asleep,  but  woke  at  7.30  with  fine 
pricks  in  the  border  of  the  lower  jaw. — 25th,  10  a.m.,  15  drops,  2x 
dih  2  p.m.,  the  above  cold  feeling  occurred  on  the  1.  natis  and 
trochanter,  3  a.m.,  woke  without  cause  ;  after  waking  there  occurred 
a  pricking  as  from  splinters  on  inner  surface  of  1.  leg,  close  above  ankle^ 
then,  after  a  few  minutes,  a  similar  pain  on  same  place  of  r,  leg.  Soon 
afterwards  again  a  trembling  uneasiness  in  all  the  voluntary  muscle 
apparatus,  followed  by  choreic  involuntary  muscular  action  in  various 
parts  of  the  body.  Fell  asleep  at  5  a.m. — 26th,  10  a.m*,  30  drops. 
During  the  day,  nothing  but  involuntary  jerking  of  some  muscles. 
8  p.m*  40  drops  on  going  to  bed.  The  effects  were  :  digging  shooting 
pains  in  r,  heel  and  toe  as  from  splinters  ;  cramp- like  pains  on  inner 
side  of  r.  calf  and  1,  flank  above  hip,  with  frequent  twitchings  of 
muscles,  especially  on  nates.  N.  good,  M.,  after  waking,  while  still  in 
bed,  the  same  thing  occurs  as  last  night,  only  in  addition  frequent  electric 
shocks  of  single  limbs  and  jerking  up  of  single  fingers.  Shortly  before 
getting  up  a  digging  pressive  pain  on  1.  frontal  eminence,  with  roaring 
in  L  ear.  These  went  off  after  3 — 4  m. — 27th,  15  drops,  i,  dil. 
After  I  h.  a  burning  cooling  feeling  along  oesophagus  to  stomach  as  after 
taking  peppermint ;  eroding  itching,  inviting  scratching,  in  the  hairy 
scalp  of  forehead,  and  in  several  parts  of  skin  i  at  the  same  time  a 
smarting  sensation  in  Schnciderian  membrane,  with  frequent  violent 
sneezing  and  muscular  jerking  in  1,  iliac  region.  After  dinner  transient 
pricking  in  tip  of  r.  thumb  as  from  fine  splinters,  and  a  short  but 
violent  pain  on  r.  dorsal  surface  below  scapula  as  from  coarse  penetrating 
splinters,  with  confusion  of  head  and  frequent  twitching  of  upper  abdo- 
minal muscles.  After  9  p.m.,  in  bed,  a  burning  sensation  of  tip  of 
tongue,  as  if  it  had  been  dipped  in  pepper,  with  a  cramp-like  pain  in  L 
side  of  abdomen  above  hip,  lasting  more  than  i  h.,  relieved  by  discharge 
of  flatus.  Thereafter  the  above-mentioned  cold  quicksilver  feeling  on 
a  spot  about  j  in,  long  and  some  lines  broad  on  the  posterior  aspect  of 
r.  thigh  (in  sciatic  nerve  ?),  followed  by  a  short  cramp-like  pain  in  r, 
calf  and  later  also  in  L  deltoid  muscle.  N.  good.  On  waking  at 
4.30  a.m.,  a  smarting  sensation  in  tip  of  tongue  as  from  pepper, 
followed  hy  a  tickling  itching  spreading  from  the  faucial  orifice  of  r. 
Eustachian  tube  to  interior  of  ear,  lasting  8  to  10  seconds,  and  alter- 


AGARICUS. 


iS7 


nating  with  loud  ringing  in  K  car*  In  addition^  every  time  he  attem|)ted 
to  swallow  a  creaking  in  both  cars  as  from  a  wooden  screw  ;  inter- 
mittent muscular  subsultus  at  1,  scapula  and  1.  deltoid  muscle^  with  a 
violent  convulsive  shock  of  whole  r.  side  of  body  proceeding  from 
spinal  column. — 28th»  loa.m*^  20  drops.  After  ^  h*  muscular  jerks 
in  L  forehead,  lips,  1.  scapula,  1.  iliac  region,  r.  knee,  with  itching^  like 
electric  pricks,  on  hairy  scalp  and  now  and  then  on  skin.  Noon,  transient 
digging  pain  in  1*  occiput  and  K  forehead.  6  p.ni,,  fine  penetrating  very 
painfuJ  pricking  in  middle  of  r.  cheek,  as  if  a  splinter  were  stuck  through 
the  skin  into  the  muscles,  lasting  6  to  10  m»  7  p.m.,  25  drops.  At  10 
p.m.,  in  bed,  the  cold  quicksilver  fechng  came  in  both  nates  simul- 
taneously, and  at  same  time  itching  pricking  in  crown  of  head,  and 
regular  muscular  twitching  in  1.  forehead  and  temple.  N.  good.  M., 
in  bed,  a  short  boring  pain  near  r.  os  calcis  in  tendo  Achillis,  muscular 
twitching  in  both  nates  ;  quick  movements  of  single  fingers  and  a 
horrible  shuddering  of  whole  body  proceeding  from  a  lower  dorsal 
vertebra. ^ — 29th,  11  a.m.  40  drops.  At  11.30  the  well-known  cold 
fieeling  in  r.  natis,  not  continuous,  but  at  regular  intervals,  synchronous 
with  each  pulse,  as  though  each  time  it  were  touched  with  an  icy  cold 
body ;  soon  afterwards  violent  pricking  in  L  cheek  where  the  infra- 
orbital nerve  joins  the  pes  anserinus^  as  if  splinters  were  stuck  in. 
After  dinner,  during  the  siesta,  a  Violent  shock  of  the  1.  arm,  followed 
by  undulating  jerking  of  the  upper  abdominal  muscles,  and  a  scraping 
irritation  in  trachea,  causing  dry  cough.  At  5  p.m.,  on  going  from 
open  air  into  a  dark  passage  he  was  attacked  by  momentary  nausea, 
with  vertigo,  as  though  he  should  lose  consciousness.  At  2  a.m. 
became  wide  awake,  and  immediately  had  frequent  subsultus  of  muscles 
and  tendons,  with  a  violent  convulsive  shock  of  whole  lower  part  of 
body,  originating  from  an  upper  lumbar  vertebra.  He  took  no  more 
of  the  drug  after  this,  30th, — A  pricking  pain  as  from  splinters  in  the 
middle  of  upper  lip,  close  to  nose,  and  a  similar  pain  in  r.  heel. — tst 
and  2nd  Oct.,  m.,  in  bed,  frequent  muscular  twitching,  especially 
in  both  pectoral  muscles,  in  abdominal  muscles,  and  in  the  pyramidal 
muscles  at  the  pubic  arch,  accompanied  by  such  a  violent  shock  of  the 
head,  proceeding  from  the  atlas  joint,  that  he  bit  his  tongue  involun- 
tarily.— From  2nd  to  5th  the  same  symptoms. ^ — In  the  n.  between 
loth  and  nth  he  woke  with  unusually  frequent  muscular  movements, 
during  which  the  external  muscles  of  the  larynx  were  engaged,  at 
same  time  there  came  between  the  dorsal  and  lumbar  vertebra;  a 
pricking  pain  as  from  splinters  ;  this  was  followed  by  the  well-known 
cold  feeling  in  the  same  spot,  as  if  the  spinal  cord  were  touched  there 
with  a  very  cold  body  j  some  m.  later  the  same  pricking  sensation 
in  the  cervical  vertebra. — 12th.,  m.,  in  bed,  the  well-known  cold 
feeling  in  the  r,  axilU  and  1.  inner  ankle. — From  13th  to  15th  similar 
symptoms. — iSth.  An  icy  cold  feeling  close  to  coccyx  repeatedly* 
^I9th.  Frequent,  as  it  were  electric,  pricks  in  the  skin,  with  shocks  in 
several  limbs  and  frequent  muscular  jerkin gs. — From  20th  to  21st. 
Familiar  symptoms. — 22nd,  forenoon,  while  walking  in  open  air  a 
violent  shoot  like  lightning  through  the  cerebrum,  with  feeling  as 
though  he  would  lo&e  consciousnesa.      Noon,  a  pricking  pain  in  i. 


IS8 


AGARICUS. 


Sole,  as  from  splinters*  Afternoon,  several  jerking  beats  of  the  heart — 
cenvuhio  iordii,  E*,  in  bed,  pressivc  tensive  pain  in  occipito-nuchal 
region  at  both  sides  of  the  atlas,  with  electric  pricks  in  akin  on  anterior 
respect  of  r.  thigh.  Hardly  had  he  fallen  asleep  when  he  was  awoke  by 
fa  horrible  shock  in  the  interior  of  chest  and  throat  with  a  piercing  cry* 
This  explosion  seemed  to  begin  in  the  diaphragm,  and  took  its  course 
in  the  back  of  the  thoracic  cavity,  upwards  along  the  oesophagus  ur 
trachea  (ncrvus  vagus?),  impinged  with  great  force  on  the  larynx, 
causing  the  above  noise*  The  noise  itself  was  a  prolonged  one,  an^l 
not  interrupted,  as  e,g.  in  hiccup^  About  {  h.  after  this  there  came 
on  restlessness,  a  trembling  shake,  and  lastly  a  positive  convulsive  con- 
dition of  the  lower  jaw.  This  lasted  but  a  few  m,,  but  recurred 
several  times  in  weaker  degree.  Later  a  slight  pain  in  L  molars, 
— ^23rd.  During  the  day  frequent  electric  pricks  in  1.  zygoma,  and  rc» 
peated  muscular  twitch ings,  especially  in  L  cheek »- — 2'4th,  c.,  in  bed  ; 
in  addition  to  several  familiar  symptoms  pricking  as  from  splinters  in 
atlas-joint,  crepitation  in  the  lumbar  and  cervical  vertebra?,  and  cold- 
ness of  feet  up  to  ankles.  From  this  time  the  action  of  the  drug  was 
only  in  mere  traces,  ist  Nov. — Recrudescence  of  the  effects  ;  the 
noteworthy  symptoms  were — ^frequent  clapping  jerking  in  interior  of 
r.  tympanic  cavity  ;  jerking  of  tensor  tympani,  with  a  sound  such  as 
is  made  by  a  metallic  valve  covered  with  leather,  when  it  h  set  in 
motion. 

b,  15th  Nov,  Began  another  series  of  provings  with  tincture  pre- 
pared with  fresh  fungi.  At  11  a.m.  i  drop  in  water.  In  5  m.  sudden 
vertigo,  as  though  he  would  fall :  it  lasted  only  5  seconds,  and  was 
,  followed  by  electric  pricks  in  r.  knee.  After  dinner,  before  the  siesta^ 
roaring  in  L  ear,  frequent  muscular  twitching  in  I.  natis  and  a  convul- 
sive shock  in  I.  shoulder.  The  sleep  was  unusually  long  and  profound. 
After  sleep  a  chilly  feeling  all  over  body,  especially  in  both  feet.  4  p.m^ 
smarting  pricking  in  roots  of  cili^  of  1.  upper  eyelid.  E,,  prostration 
and  weariness,  9  p.m.,  in  bed,  undulating  muscular  jerking  \n  1.  fore- 
arm, then  in  1.  thigh.  After  i  h.  heat  spread  gradually  all  over  the 
body,  until  it  became  intense  ;  the  lower  extremities  burned  to  such  a 
degree  that  he  must  often  throw  the  clothes  off  them.  The  blood 
seemed  to  flow  quite  hot  through  the  vessels,  the  circulation  was 
feverishly  excited,  the  pulse  strong,  hard  and  quick,  1 1  p.m,,  burning 
thirst.  Accompanying  these  febrile  symptoms  were :  cutting  sore 
pain  in  upper  part  of  1.  nostril,  fek  at  every  inspiration,  but  not  during 
nasal  expiration,  at  same  time  stuffed  and  coryza  feeling,  with  discharge 
of  watery  fluid  from  both  nostrils,  frequent  sneezing  and  yawning^ 
frequent  slight  hawking  up  of  small  masses  of  mucus  from  fauces  and 
posterior  nares,  constant  roaring  in  1.  ear  with  creaking  in  both  ears 
during  empty  swallowing,  acrid,  smarting  taste  on  1.  half  of  tongue, 
sore  pain  in  tip  of  tongue,  which  seemed  to  be  occupied  by  a  vesicle* 
a  not  disagreeable  burning  cooling  sensation  from  fauces  through 
oesophagus  to  stomach  as  from  peppermint  or  horse-radish,  electric 
pricks  in  skin  of  anterior  aspect  of  r.  thigh,  and  violent  convulsive 
shock  of  L  shoulder.  This  febrile  excitement  lasted  till  midnight,  after 
which  the  heat  gradually  subsided,  and  he  slept  and  dreamt  much  th^t 


AGARICUS. 


J59 


was  not  remembered »  The  urine  passed  at  night  was  clear,  sherry- 
coloured,  and  of  normal  quantity.  Morning,  a  transient,  rather  severe, 
shooting  deep  in  r.  hypochondrium,  coryza  gone. —  i6th.  All  foreneon, 
confused  head,  boiling  roaring  in  L  ear*  Exhaustion  of  body,  white 
furred  tongue,  slimy,  sticky,  taste.  Afternoon  pretty  well.  6  p.m., 
a  drops.  Soon  transient  stupefaction  of  head.  N.  good.  M.  in  bed, 
painful  tension  and  pressure  in  J.  hip  and  lumbar  region,  but  only  when 
lying  on  that  side,  going  off  when  lying  on  r.  side.  Twitching  jerking 
in  hairy  scalp  above  1.  car,  close  to  concha,  and  sometimes  in  concha 
itself,  muscular  jerking  on  I.  side  of  nape,  L  side  of  neck,  1.  forearm, 
near  joint  of  elbow,  with  violent  electric  shock  of  lower  jaw  coming  up 
from  a  lumbar  vertebra. — 17th,  g  a.m.,  3  drops.  Forenoon,  stupef^c* 
tion  of  head.  Afternoon,  when  inspiring  air  by  1,  nostril  a  painful 
feeling  high  up,  as  if  the  mucous  membrane  were  excoriated  there, 
6  p*m.  Ii)  all  1.  side  of  head,  constant  dull  pain,  which  after  1  h. 
increased  to  violent  digging,  at  same  time  roaring  in  1.  ear,  rumbling  in 
1,  side  of  abdominal  cavity,  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen,  slight 
griping  between  navel  and  r,  hypochonder,  discharge  of  much  flatus 
smelling  of  tinct.  of  agar.  ;  prostration  and  weakness.  In  spite  of  the 
headache,  fell  asleep,  but  woke  about  midnight  with  violent  digging  pain 
in  L  temple,  relieved  by  pressure  of  hand^  recurring  when  pressure  was 
removed.  After  a  while  headache  went  ofF  and  he  fell  asleep.  On 
waking  at  5  a.m«  itching  in  L  meatus  aud.  ext.,  with  a  prick  tn 
interior  of  ear  as  with  an  icy-cold  needle ;  pricking  pains  in  dorsal 
vertebrsc,  r.  heel,  toes  of  both  feet,  as  from  splinters  stuck  in  ;  muscular 
twitching  close  to  1.  ear,  1,  elbow,  1.  intercostal  muscles,  both  glutaei, 
and  pcctoralis,  with  jerking  shocks  coming  in  impulses,  now  in  K  hip 
now  in  r,  hand,  proceeding  from  the  corresponding  joint.  After  getting 
up  felt  well  all  except  bruised  feeling  in  nape  and  occiput. — iBth, 
8  a.m.,  4  drops.  Forenoon,  confused  head,  smarting  erosion  on  1.  side 
of  hairy  scalp,  smarting  pricks  on  border  of  r.  upper  eyelid,  bruised 
feeling  in  r.  occiput,  great  sensitiveness  to  cold,  especially  in  hands  and 
feet,  with  pale,  ill-looking  countenance.  After  dinner  frequent  twitch- 
ing dapping  or  fluttering  in  tympanic  cavity  of  r.  ear*  Jerking  of 
tensor  tympani,  and  twitching  in  1.  abdominal  muscles,  and  the  well- 
known  pricking  as  from  splinters  pushed  in,  now  1.  meatus  aud.  ext.. 
It  cheek,  r.  upper  lip,  point  of  chin,  now  in  dorsal  vertebra,  1.  pectoralis 
muscle  near  nipple,  navel  and  various  parts  of  skin  ;  at  same  time  a 
pressive  pain  in  r.  side  of  fauces.  Simylianeously  or  alternately  with 
them  sometimes  there  was  frequent  muscular  jumping  in  ears,  temple, 
face,  uppci  Jip,  throat,  chest,  sacro- lumbar  region,  abdominal  walls, 
extremities,  with  jerking  movement  of  one  or  other  thumb  and  single 
fingers.  N*  good*  M.,  after  waking,  aching  tensive  pain  in  tendons 
of  L  upper  arm,  nQ;ir  bend  of  elbow,  lasting  several  m. —  19th, 
8  a  m.,  10  drops.  Noon,  confusion  of  head,  after  dinner  a  short 
intimation  of  a  dull  digging  pain  in  L  temple,  with  the  familiar  cold 
feeling  in  r.  natis,  E.,  before  going  to  bed,  erosive  itching  in  hairy 
scalp  of  occiput  causing  him  to  scratch,  with  frequent  involuntary 
jerking  of  muscles  of  lower  jaw.  E.,  in  bed,  cramp-like  pain  in  muscles 
of  1*  upper  arm  below  deltoid^  lasting  some  m.j  thereafter  a  similar 


i6o 


AGARICUS. 


pain  from  05  II ti  downwards  towards  the  muscles  of  anterior  aspect  of 
r.  thigh,  with  p^iinful  twitching  pricks  in  anterior  of  L  car,  at  same  time 
restlessness  and  considerable  trembling  of  muscles  of  L  upper  arm  and 
thigh,  with  slight  jerky  shocks  of  those  limbs>  and  frequent  muscular 
jumping  in  various  parts.  N.  good.  M.^  after  waking,  a  sore  shooting 
pain  in  inner  canthus  and  beneath  upper  lid  of  r,  eye,  with  a  short 
cramp-Iikc  pain  in  the  muscles  of  the  anterior  aspect  of  r.  thigh^ 
and  a  pricking  pain  as  from  splinters  stuck  in  r.  heel  and  toes, 
— 20th,  8  a.m.,  12  drops.  Forenoon,  transient  prcssive  pain  in 
I.  forehead  with  eroding  smarting  n^w  and  again  in  skin*  After 
dinner  restlessness  in  lower  jaw  and  lips,  with  Hnc  trembling  move- 
ment and  frequent  twitching  on  and  in  r.  concha,  and  twitching 
jerks  in  interior  of  r,  ear.  8  p.m.  A  sudden  lightning-like  pricking  in 
r.  cheeky  at  exit  of  infra*orbital  nerve,  close  to  orbital  border,  as  from 
sharp  splinters  ;  immediately  afterwards  a  convulsive  shock  of  the 
lower  jaw,  making  him  bite  his  tongue.  N.  good.  M.,  after  waking 
eroding  prick  in  hairy  scalp  of  I.  parietal  region,  and  transient  pricking 
as  from  splinters  in  r.  temporal  region  near  eye,  followed  by  muscular 
jumping  in  various  parts.  Both  inner  canthi  sealed  up  with  mucus. 
— 2 1st,  8  a.m.^  15  drops.  Soon  a  sore  pricking  pain  in  I.  inner  canthus. 
Forenoon,  when  walking  in  open  air  a  digging  pain  from  1,  forehead 
along  parietal  region  through  the  whole  cerebral  hemisphere  to  the 
occiput,  followed  by  pressivc  sensation  in  crown,  with  constant  accu- 
mulation of  water  in  mouth,  causing  him  to  spit  frequently.  After 
dinner,  frequent  twitching  shooting  deep  in  1.  side  of  cerebrum,  and 
frequent  pricks  as  from  splinters  stuck  in,  sometimes  in  r,  pectoral 
muscle,  in  r.  true  and  false  ribs,  sometimes  in  h  index.  E,,  in  bed, 
sudden  violent  pricking  as  from  splinters  in  1.  cheek  near  eye,  lasting 
some  seconds  ;  thereafter  similar  pains  in  1.  side  of  back,  beneath 
scapula,  in  1.  hypogastrium  and  r.  toes,  with  frequent  muscular  jumping 
in  various  parts.  N.  good,  M.,  in  bed,  pressive  digging  pain  in  r. 
half  of  occiput,  with  simultaneous  splinter-pricks  in  middle  of  r.  cheek 
and  lowest  ribs,  with  frequent  twitching  of  various  muscles. — Zind^ 
9  a.m.,  20  drops.  Forenoon,  bruised  pain  in  L  nape  and  shoulder, 
and  transient  pressivc  pain  in  tendons  of  1.  upper  arm  near  bend  ot 
elbow,  lasting  some  m.  Attcr  dinner  cold  feeling  in  point  of  r.  elbow, 
as  if  it  had  on  it  a  piece  of  ice  ^  at  same  time  the  familiar  cold  feeling 
in  parts  of  both  nates,  and  an  icy  coldness  of  both  feet  up  to  ankles, 
especially  in  big  toes.  All  this  in  the  room.  5  p.m.  On  raising  L 
arm  a  violent  dislocation  pain  In  1.  deltoid,  on  attempting  to  raise  arm 
felt  as  if  thousands  of  splinters  were  in  the  muscle.  This  lasted  10 
m.  Afterwards  splinter-pricks  in  r,  intercostal  muscles  below  nipple. 
N.  good.  As  only  well-known  symptoms  occurred  the  proving  was 
stopped. — ^23rd,  9  a.m.,  a  transient  icy  cold  reeling  was  experienced 
in  a  small  spot  on  the  1.  side  of  thorax. — 24th,  e*,  after  lymg  down 
a  suden  horrible  pain  as  from  thousands  of  splinters  in  the  middle  of 
the  r.  forearm,  accompanied  by  a  momentary  feeling  as  if  he  would 
lose  consciousness,  when  at  rest.  Thereafter  prickings  as  with  splinters 
for  a  few  m.  in  r.  cheek,  just  below  the  lower  orbital  border,  that 
changed  into  a  digging  pain  a$  if  in  the  bone. — 25th,  An  icy  cold 


AGARICUS. 


fcding   above   the    proximal    joint   of  the   r.    middle    finger. — 26th. 
Splinter-pricks  on  back  of  r.  hand  near  wrist,  with  frequent  twitching 
of  various  muscles. — 27th.  Frequent  pricks  as  from  sphntcrs  in  dorsal 
and   lumbar  vertebrse, — 28th.  Sensation  in  lumbar  portion  of  dpinal 
canal  as  though  the  cord  or  its  membranes  were  touched  there  with  a 
piece  of  ice,  lasting  20  to  25  seconds. — 29th.    Chirping,  crepitatinjg 
and  creaking  in  spina!  column. ^ — 30th,  At  night,  splinter-pricks  in  f, 
sublingual  salivary  gland,  followed  by  great  flow  of  saliva  into  mouth* 
Various  symptoms  of  agaricus  action  were  experienced  by  prover  up  to 
1  rth   Feb.  of  following  year.     They  were  sometimes  mere  traces^  at 
other  times  were  as  violent  as  ever.     They  were  not  only  the  well- 
known  symptoms,  but  several  new  phenomena  occurred.     Thus  whco 
lying  still  in  bed  there  was  often  a  peculiar  cracking  znd  creaking  in 
the  osseous  parts  of  the  nose,  as  though  the  spongy  nasal  bones  were 
pressed  or  forced   against  one  another.      For  many  successive  d.   at 
the   same  h.    in    the  m.  in   bed   there  occurred  a  constant   chirping 
I  deep  in  the  occipito-nuchal   region,  as  if  a  cricket  were  in   the  cervical 
portion  of  the  spinal  canal,  lasting  4   to  10  m.     One  n.   his   whole 
household  burst  into  his  bedroom  to  inquire  the  meaning  of  a  horrible 
scream  he  had  emitted,  but  of  which  he  was  entirely  unconscious.  [Ihid.) 
12.  ViNCENZ  KtETzrNSiCY,  medical  student,  set.  21,  robust,  full- 
blooded,  sanguine  temperament.     Healthy,  except   tendency  to  slight 
^attacks  of  diarrhcea. — ist  trial,  21st  Oct.,  7  a,m.,  5  drops  tinct.  agar. 
in   water,     9.30  a.m.  Flying  shoots  in  occiput,  violent  1.  semilateral 
headache.      From  10.30  a.m.  to  5  p.m.,  involuntary  twitching  of  facial 
muscles  on  r.  zygoma^  weakness  of  vision,  heat  and  pressure  inwards 
in  eyes.     From  2  to  5  p.m.,  confused  tendency  to  fall  backwards. — 
22nd,  8  drops.    At  8  a.m.,  slight  painless  vomiting  smelling  of  alcohol. 
^23rd.  10  drops.     Drawing  sensation  in  knees  as  in  fever,  from  1 1  a.m. 
to  7  p.m. ;  the  smoke  of  a  cigar  did  not  smell  in  1.  nostril,  but  very 
strongly  in  r.     The  hemicrania,  twitching  in  facial  muscles,  weakness 
of  sight,  and  tendency  to  fall  backwards  recurred.     Frequent  sneezing. 
Sleep    profound,   dreamless. — 2nd    trial,   i8th  Jan.,    7  a*m.,   5  drops 
tinct.    in    water.      10.30,  shootings    across    occiput,  recurring    every 
10  m.,  sometimes  more,  sometimes  less  violent  till  2  p.m.     Complete 
^anorexia.    3  p.m.  till  late  in  e.,  vertigo  with  tendency  to  fall  backwards* 
[From  noon  till  5  p.m.  a  painless  feelmg  as  from  jumping  of  the  tendons 
■  of  the  r.    upper  arm  ;    similar  twitching  in  r,  zygoma.     Late  at   n. 
[anxious  palpitation  of  heart,  with  febrile  thirst.     Sleep  restless. — ^I9tb, 
[Awoke  in  m.  with  bitter  mouth,  and  drawing  pain  in  knees.     This 
'  and  muscular  twitching  in   face  lasted   all   d.     Noon,   good  appetite. 
In  the  e.  the  palpitation  of  the  heart  returned,  but  without  the  anxious 
feeling,     N.,  sleep  quiet.     From  20th  to  25th,  no  mcd  ;  no  symptoms. 
—26th,  7  a.m.,  10  drops.     From  9.30  a.m.  to  I  p.m.,  repeated  shoots 
through  the  occiput,  vertigo  with  tendency  to  fall  backwards,  sensation 
of  jumping  of  tendons  in  upper  arm,  and  twitching  in  n  zygoma.     No 
|appetite.     Bitter  taste  lasting  till  28th.     Took  a  moderate  meal  without 
rappetite,  and   4   h.   afterwards  had  three  liquid    stools.      8.30  p.m., 
attack  of  violent  palpitation  of  heart,  with  anxiety  that  caused  sweat  to 
break  out,  terminating  in  a  restless  half  slumber,  with  dreams  about 

11 


I 


^  a  usttav  divamlvl  il 
occy f red,  o«rf  of  idbidi  fe  ««)fc£,  tf  7  a.aL^  widi  m  fedb^  as  ilier 
icvcf^  tUi>ct9,  widi  confiiied  bead,  b^cxer  t»te,  saorexa  and  pun 
kmm.  He  rcmamcd  in  bed  is  he  §dit  so  ED,  and  to  die  coarse  of 
d.  jrcstcrdajr'i  tfoipcoiBS  iicancd»  dioiigib  less  sevefdy,  and  tlie  e; 
€MJkDnbmoa  mm  leisw  Ad  vodisttifbed  drcamkas  sleep  restored  him  so 
fu  tbac  be  couM  leave  hb  bed  next  d.  bj  10  a.Di^  but  Tertigo  and 
weakncii  were  ttin  present*  The  scalding  during  nticcuitlioa  lasted 
three  dayt  longer.     {Itid,} 

13«  Franz  Kr^us,  medica]  student,  act.  23,  sanguineous-cholcfic 
lempcrsiment,  of  robun  frame,  and,  with  the  exception  of  an  ague 
never  seriously  ill, — 30th  Oct.,  m.,  took  some  drops  of  tinct.  agar,  in 
water.  IJ  a,m,  flight  transient  heat  in  head,  combined  with  mental 
fjiUi^uc  as  after  long-continued  intellectual  labour,  at  same  time  slight 
pricki  in  I.  upjicr  eyelid,  obtuse  pains  in  eyeball  similar  to  the  pain 
cituned  by  pressing  on  the  eyeball  with  the  hand.  Frequent  call  to 
urinate,  the  quantity  of  urine  passed  much  greater  than  usual.  This 
last  lymntom  lastecf  all  d,,  as  also  the  occasional  recurrence  of  heat* 
—jilt,  fcumc  dmc.  Same  symptoms,  with  the  exception  of  the  eye 
piiitiA  \  call  to  urinate  again  present,  in  addition,  shooting  pain  in  almost 
all  rhc  jointi,  especially  well  marked  in  1,  knee  joint  and  head-joint  i 
the  r.  kjiecjuiiU  was  very  painful  i>n  going  upstairs,   {Ibid,) 

14*  J.  LANDHdMANN  took  tVom  list  to  27th  July  daily  in  the  m. 


AGARICUS, 


163 


^FVtlve  globules  moistened  with  the  300th  dil,  without  result.     From 
^ESth   July  to  4th  Aug.,  daily  lo  drops  of  the  3rd  diJ.     On  the   29th 
^Kj^ly  and  2nd  and  4th  Aug.   he  had  nocturnal  emissions.     From   5ih 
^Hlu  8ih  Aug.  daily  30  drops  of  Ij  diJ.  without  result. — 9th   and   10th, 
^■5  drops  tinct.     On  m.  of  loth  on  waking,  cough  with  loose  cxpccto- 
^BAtion. — ^iith»  I2th,  J  3th,  10  drops  tinct.     On  afternoon  of  nth,  sore 
^Hbain   on  outer  half  of  back  of  r,  hand  as   though  it   had  been  slightly 
^Burnt^  increased  by  touch.     This  symptom  was  also  present  on   12th, 
^HL)n  that  day  at  noon,  a  sudden  violent  stitch  in  hepatic  region. — 14th, 
^■5   drops. — iSth,  20  drops. — i6ih,  25   drops.     No  symptoms. —  17th, 
^MO  drops.     Forenoon,  several  times  short  dry  cough. —  i8th,  35  drops. 
^^^ftcrnoon,  unusual    thirst. —  19th,  40  drops.       Nocturnal    emissions. 
^Boch^  45  drops, — 2 1st.  No    mcd.     No  symptoms.     22nd,   50  drops, 
^Bl.y  the  chin  studded  with  white,  closely-set   vesicles   the  size  of  a 
^fciiJlet-sced,  which  go  ofF  the  next  d,  when  shaving. — 23rd,  60  drops, 
^BKocturnal  emission. — 24th,   70  drops.      Nocturnal  emission. — 25th, 
^Bo  drops. — 26th,  90  drops. — 27th,  100  drops, — 28th,  no  drops.     No 
^Bymptoms. — 29th,  120  drops.     Many  dreams  at  n.,  suffocative  anxiety 
^Bit  dreams.     Feeling  aj  if  nose  were  quite  stopped.     An  emission. — 
^Botb,    130    drops. — 31st,    140    drops. — Sept.    ist,    150    drops, — 2nd, 
Hi 80  drops.      No  effects. — 3rd,  300  drops.       Forenoon,  confusion   of 
Bliead.      2  p.m.  When  lying   noise    in   r.   car,   like    the    intermittent 
noise  of  a  locomotive,  going   off"   on   rising    up,   recurring  on  lying 
down.     E.,  on    lying  down,  the  same  noise,  it  changed  subsequently 
into  the  sound  of  a  nail  being  knocked  into  a  board  at  some  distance. 
This    lasted    till    he  went  to  sleep,   but   both    delusions    of   hearing 
occurred    regularly   by   d.   as  well  as  by  n.  when    lying,   often  alter- 
nating with   one  another,  and  lasting  till   9th  Sept,,   but  the  last  3 
d,   the  only  sound    heard  was   that  of  a  nail  being  driven    iJi,  and  it 
always    became  weaker. — 9ih.  7^he   skin    again   studded   with    small 

Ivesicles,  which  only  went  oft'  after  several   d. — 20th.    Similar  vesicles 
Appeared   near  the  r.  corner  of  the  mouth,  and  lasted  till  24th. — 25th, 
pnc  large  and   several  small  vesicles  scattered    over  forehead, ^ — 27th. 
^iolent  coryza  came  on,  probably  the  consequence   of  a  chill  ;  the 
)N:iidity  of  the  discharge  caused  an  eruption  about  nose  and  upper  lip. 
—30th.  Repeated  violent  tearing  in  L  thumb.     After  17th  Oct,,  there 
appeared   here  and   there  on   forehead   small    vesicles,  and  there  was 
occasional  tearing  in  the  fingers.     The  urine  during  most  of  the  time 
of  the  proving  unusually  lemon- coloured.   (Ibid,) 
^H        15.   Dr.  Lazar,  set.  29,  blond,  sanguine  temperament.     Had  an 
^■nflammatory  chest    affection    a  year    ago,  since   when    suffers    from 
^Balpitation  j    otherwise  healthy. —  14th  Sept.    An   hour   before  break- 
^Hast   took  200  drops  agar  2x,  watery  dilution.     8  a.m.,  dyspncea,  as  if 
^Behest  was  too  full,  and  after  every  deep  breath — which   he  was  obliged 
^Bo  take   frequently — a  squeezing  and   shooting  pain  in  scrob.  cordis. 
10  a,m.,  above  symptoms  \n  less  degree  ;  a  paralytic  feeling  in  1.  hand 
id   tension   in    r.    forearm  ;    at   same  time  stupefying  headache  and 
rtcltnation   for  mental  work.     Noon,  less  appetite  than  usual,  pain 
In   scrob.  cordis  gone,     2  p.m.,  very  violent   palpitation  of  heart,  and 
Iways  5  m.  after  the  coarniencement  of  the  palpitation  renewed  and 


5  P  Qi-f  licat  to  bee 
bp  cspKciilljr  tHe  U     6  jwn*, 
luM  md^  fell  much  better. 
palpitatioD.      Slept 
<jf  2)1  the  lim^ 


II  ^in^  %ioknt 


k,  pain  in  r.  temple 

weariness  in  Jimbs  aod 

contiiities,  at  lame  time 

»  dbe  oiiddk  Enger.     6  piio,, 

'  fatafacn,  excc»$ivelj  vtoleat 

to  iromt  and  mied  sight 

qnujuma  with  taste  of  lottai 

L — m6A,  Alter  a  good  night's 

^n  tfce  bodf.     6  ajB-,  pdphatioQ  for  sevenl 

mA  ike  rmrBtki  of  occMooal  pressive  and 

puticnfaur*     Fioai  2  p,ni-i 

L  sm  di  6  pLfli.     6  p.m.,  attacks  of 

k » i^MiK.  •cfci  TSMMi^  pressure  in  brain  like 

bof  beat  oiichceb 
.     .  ^     in  this  severity  tiU 

S  pMUt  fhef  Me  quite  gooe^  and  only  the 
m  L  arm  fevML.     f^cMihing  of  food,  sourish,  ii%* 
of  bead,— 1 7th.  Slept  well    All 
uhchc.^  ^  Nooo,  no  appetite, 
of  ipirits,  at  same  time  dull 
F»Mi  4  fJOL  tin  c^  CDOstsnt  pressure  at  heart, 
and  emptj  eructation. — i8th. 
300  diiifs  agar.  2,/    Felt  nothing  but 
cmpf  pan  in  r.  t&naMt^  geyeatly  recurring  and  lasting  some  ou— 
i^dh,  5  pwoup  noknt  polpitaaoo  and  very  fre«)uent  diarrbcetc  stoaU. — 
^odu  Towards  e.  and  during  tlie  n.  tmsjow  and  drawing  pain  in  both 
legs  and  Icet. — aist.  Macli  eioptf  esuctatioci  almost  all  d.,  once  like 
rotten  esgs,  no  appetite.     More  tlian  ten  loose  stook  with  griping 
and  disc^rgie  of  much  flatus.     Daring  iiis  proving  of  agar,  the  scooU 
always  continued  diarrhccicy  whidi  was  quiie  contrary  to  bis  usual  siate« 

16.  Bruko  Linxk^  M.D.,  set,  36,  robust  constitution,  chdenc 
temperament.  Health  good^  but  with  a  tendency  to  bronchia]  catarrh^ 
and  after  a  chill  disposed  to  ^et  colic  and  diarrhoea. 

a.  1st  proving :  14th  July,  m,,  10  drops  tinct^,  a  second  dos| 
at  10  a.m.  Soon  slight  eructation,  which,  however,  does  not  comi 
up,  but  stops  in  the  lower  part  of  the  ccsophagus.  After  i  h*  scrapy 
burning  in  fauces,  eructation  of  tasteless  air.  A  feeling  as  if  eructation 
would  come  like  a  pressing  asunder  of  the  orifice  of  the  stomach, 
drawing  tearing  in  K  groin  and  anterior  aspect  of  thigh  down  to  its 
middle.  Sore  pain  at  lower  angle  of  I,  scapula  as  if  excoriated. 
Tearing  intermitting  pain  in  r  anterior  thoracic  wall.  Drawing  tearing 
intermittently  at  the  outer  side  of  1,  thigh,  above  knee  to  the  hough, 
Comforuble  menul    state,  with   mild,  accommodating,   but   serious 


AGARICUS. 


i6j 


disposition,  fine  tearing  on  ulnar  side  of  I,  forearm.  In  bed  at  n,^ 
perspiration,  especially  on  lower  limbs^  with  sensation  of  a  cool  air 
blowing  on  them* — 15th*  No  med.  In  K  side  of  abdomen  a  prcssive 
very  disagreeable  pain,  causing  inclination  to  vomit.  E.  in  bed,  sweat 
on  inner  side  of  lower  extremities.  On  r,  os  ilii  externally  under 
glutsei  rheumatic  drawing  pains,  a  pain  in  hip,  drawing  pressive  head* 
ache  in  L  parietal  protuberance,  affecting  eye.  Mental  indolence. — 
16th.  No  med,     Tearing  in  L  little  finger  down  from  proximal  joint. 

A,  2nd  proving:    20th  Sept.,  e.,  at  bedtime,  12  drops  tinct.  agar. 
After    being  ^   h.  in    bed,  a  sudden,   painless   drawing    in   r*    lower 
extremity,  so  that  he  raised  himself  up  and  looked  around  him.     Shortly 
afterwards,  painful  twitches  like  electric  shocks  in  r*  etbow  and  wrist, — 
2 1  St,  noon,  feeling  of  nausea,  with  anxiety  in  chest,  quickened  and 
[  audible  respiration,  mental  depression  j  call  to  stool.     This  lasted  till 
ihe  midday  meal,  by  which  it  was  removed.     2  p,m.,  15  drops.     No 
noticeable  effect. — ^24th,  25  drops,  in  afternoon.     Sleepy  very  early. 
Easily  irritated  and  put  out  of  temper,     E.,  tearing  pain  in  posterior 
muscular  parts  of  upper  arm,  lasting  some   time,  then  ceasing  and 
succeeded  by  sore  pain  at  insertion  of  J.  deltoid  muscle,  alternating  with 
fine  tearing  in  1.  shoulder-joint  posteriorly,  which   recurred    several 
times,  always  more  severely.     Slept  well. — 25th,  11  a.m.,  25  drops  of 
J  St  dil.     An  h.  after  dinner,  fine  tearing  pain  in  1.  forearm  intermittently 
recurring,  running  towards  the   hand   as   if  betwixt  radius  and   ulna, 
with  a  fixed  pain  on  back  of  wrist,  at  same  time  a  kind  of  numb  feeling 
in   skin  of  forearm,  especially  of  back  of  hand.     All  afternoon,   fine 
painless  tearing,  especially  on  radial  aspect  of  1.  forearm.     E,,  cutting 
itching  in  rectum,  just  above  anus,  which  compelled  him  to  draw  up 
the  anus,  but  this  did  not  relieve  him  j  on  the  contrary,  it  was  more 
relieved  by  voluntary  pressing  out ;   it  was  like  the  feeling  attending 
acrid  diarrhoea,  it  lasted   half  an  hour.     Thereafter  fine  tearing  in  r. 
knee.     Occasional  anxious  uneasy  feeling  in  chest,  as  though  he  anti- 
cipated something  extraordinary  happening.     Slept  well. — 26th.  After 
breakfast,  painful   pressure  on  a  small  spot  in  K  temple.     Traces  of 
tearing  in  1.  upper  maxillary  region  of  face.     Repeated  tearing  in  K  fore- 
arm, also  in  r.  thigh  above  knee  on  outer  side  simultaneously  with  the 
facial  pain.    Slept  well. — 27th,  100  drops  ist  dil.    Almost  all  d,  repeated 
attacks  of  fine  tearing  pain  on  1.  side  of  head,  above  and  behind  ear^ 
as  if  proceeding  from  a  small  painful  spot,  which  however  was  not 
painful  to  touch.     The  same  fine  tearing  in  r.  upper  arm  posteriorly 
sometimes  accompanied  by  similar  pain  in  I.  forearm.     The  tearing  is 
worst  in  1.  clavicle.     No  pam  anywhere  when  touched.     After  dinner, 
profound  sleep  from  which   he  awoke  with  painfulness  and  lameness  of 
the  limbs,  which    soon   went   off.      E.,  tearing    in   L   side  of  chest 
superficially, — 28th.  In  addition  to  the  painful   feelings  of  yesterday, 
there  was  a  tearing  pain  with  feeling  of  paralytic  numbness  in  1.  leg. — 
29th,  c,,  great  weakness  of  limbs  so  that  he  staggered  when  walking  ; 
great  fatigue  of  legs  when   going   upstairs.       For  a   week   after  the 
proving  he  observed  the  above-described  sensarions,  and  on  waking  in 
morning  heat  of  head  and  face,  with  a  sensation  of  puffincss  of  the 
face,  especially  of  cheeks. 


M«  HlMc<  we  MCK  fiMK  of  e^ 
^^MMH^  wkjcll  it  4U  is  die 


\mJlk$^U%\^mh^mi 


Took  bj  nistakc  ip 
pfcviottd J  cjniericp 
t  be  ovrtng  to 
of  riieiiiiisoc 
^did^  nfirrraly  wben 
_  by^  bffijglit  [ 
if  bragbchc 
of  a  dh 
in  small  spots  of  ibrefa 
bj^  tbe  pain  tn  the  eyelids.    Aftel 


AGARICUS. 


167 


noon,  lumpy  stool,  preceded  by  moist  feeling  at  anus,  E.,  cutting 
in  abdomen,  also  tearing  pain  in  second  joint  of  L  index*  On  going  to 
bed,  feeling  of  disagreeable  coolness  in  abdomen.  Slept  wclK — j  ah. 
Painful  cutting  rn  abdomen,  as  If  colic  were  coming  on,  with  urging  to 
stool,  and  feeling  as  if  diarrhoea  were  about  to  ensue.  After  discharge 
of  flatus  a  firm  stool,  with  scalding  in  urethra  when  urinating.  1 1  a.m., 
40  drops.  Satiety  ensued  before  hunger  was  satisfied,  and  there  was 
pressure  in  stomach.  After  cutting  in  abdomen  a  lumpy  stool.  Slight 
gone-asJeep  feeling  in  extremities ;  the  hand  went  to  sleep  when 
writing.  An  itching  place  on  the  hairy  scalp  that  had  troubled  him 
for  months,  and  a  patch  of  psoriasis  at  the  boundary  of  the  hair  on 
forehead,  disappeared  during  the  proving,  but  a  nasal  catarrh  that 
affected  him  every  m,  on  rising  was  not  altered.  5  p.m.j  50  drops. 
Immediately,  sensation  in  rectum  and  anus  as  if  diarrhcea  were  coming 
on^  but  it  did  not.  Burning  in  urethra  on  urinating,  urine  normal. 
Acute  pain  in  splenic  region.  Soon  afterwards  soreness  in  tip  of  tongue 
increased  by  touch,  lasting  all  e.  Dislocation  pain  in  1,  hip-joint  for 
i  h*  Falling  asleep  of  K  hand  while  leading  a  child  during  a  walk, 
E.,  pressing  pain  near  r,  nipple*  At  same  time  a  superficial  lightning- 
like  shock  in  I.  side  of  head.  Throbbing  pain  in  r.  instep  along  dorsum 
of  foot, — 1 2th,  9  a.m. J  45  drops,  and  after  noon  meal  70  drops.  Till 
3  p.m.  very  slight  pressure  in  stomach.  At  3  p.m.,  painful  and  hurried 
calls  to  stool,  which  was  firm  and  passed  with  effort.  Then  tearing 
pain  and  tension  between  I.  index  and  thumb,  and  in  upper  arm. 
Feeling  of  hurry  and  anxiety  in  chest,  causing  quick  and  deep  breathing, 
as  though  he  expected  something  extraordinary,  with  desire  to  sigh. 
Painful  pressure  in  eyelids,  especially  r,,  with  great  drowsiness.  Recur- 
rence of  pain  in  spleen.  Scrapy  feeling  in  throat  frequently.  Sensation 
of  electric  twitchings  in  extremities.  When  walking  painful  pressure 
in  r.  side  of  chest  near  nipple,  with  relief  by  deep  breathing.  Later 
anxious  oppression  of  chest.  Paralytic  feeling  in  1.  upper  arm,  nausea 
and  confusion  of  head* — 1 3th,  80  drops  Noon, pains  in  lower  extremities, 
especially  in  r.  hip*joint  and  outer  side  of  r.  leg,  like  fatigue  pains,  accom- 
panied by  tearing  all  afternoon  and  e.,  with  feeling  of  unsteadiness  and 
fatigue  in  legs.  Dislocation  pain  in  hip-joints.  Also  shooting  pressive pains 
in  chest  and  back,  particularly  below  scapula?  and  on  the  corresponding 
anterior  part  of  chest,  necessitating  deep  breathing,  which  relieved*  A 
chap  in  middle  of  lower  lip  causing  burning  pain  all  afternoon  and  c, 
9  p.m.,  painful  tension  transversely  across  lumbar  region  to  sides  of 
abdomen,  where  it  was  dislocation  pain  in  abdominal  muscles  j  produced 
bv  stooping.  Unsteadiness  of  legs,  the  knees  doubled  up  under  him. 
Giiawing,  shooting  pain  on  back,  under  scapulae.  Slept  well,  felt 
stupefied  on  waking. — 14th,  8  a.m.,  tearing  on  outer  side  of  r*  leg  above 
ankle-joint ;  pricks  as  with  many  needles  on  1,  frontal  protuberance* 
When  sitting,  pressive  bruised  pains  in  sacrum.  Afternoon,  great 
retraction  of  testicles  towards  inguinal  ring.  After  moderate  supper, 
very  tiresome  fulness  and  distension  of  belly,  with  oppression  of  chest, 
— ^I5th.  Restless  sleep  with  much  tossing  about,  early  waking  with 
quickened  respiration  and  catarrhal  symptoms  and  oppression  of  chest. 
Chap  in  lip  still  painfuh     The  chief  symptoms  were  the  pains  in  the 


168 


AGARICUS. 


lower  extremities,  especially  hip*joint»  md  the  chest  and  back  pains.^ 
1 6th.  Extremely  vioieni  pain  in  lower  cxtrcnaities,  especially  In  L  hip 
under  glyt;t:i  muscles^  unaffected  by  touch,  pressure,  or  walking, 
aggravated  by  stooping  low  and  changing  the  posttian  of  the  affected 
p;*rts.  Very  acute,  shooting,  fearing  pains  on  small  spots  of  chomx 
anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  t,g,  on  L  side,  at  the  uppermost  false  rib, 
under  the  scapul^i  &c.,  unaffected  by  breathing.  Pains  in  both  sides 
of  sacrum  in  c.,  rendering  walking  uncomfortable,  at  same  time  tearing 
pain  in  f.ear. —  17th.  Slight  manifestations  of  the  hip  pain  j  all  day  long 
a  feeling  in  the  head  as  if  a  violent  headache  would  come  on.  The 
pain  went  off  on  directing  attention  to  it,  but  returned  when  he  was  not 
thinking  of  \i. —  i8th.  Still  uncomfortable  feeling  in  sacral  and  lumbar 
regions.  When  walking,  suddenly  a  painful  contractive  spasmodic 
pain  in  r,  calf  as  if  something  there  were  drawn  together,  worst  when 
raising  up  and  setting  down  the  foot,  causing  the  kjiec  to  bend  beneath 
him  and  making  him  lame.  A  dislocation  patn  \n  neck,  worst  when 
turning  towards  1.,  so  that  the  head  remained  stuck  in  that  position, 
and  could  not  be  turned  back.  The  proving  was  now  left  off,  but  the 
medicinal  symptoms  continued  to  molest  him  for  weeks. 

d,  4th  proving :  1st  Dec,  m,,  6  grs.  of  a  trituration  of  equal  parts  of 
kkgar,  and  milk  sugar*  In  l^  h.  nausea  and  accelerated  respiration,  fol- 
rlowcd  by  feeling  of  uneasiness  in  belly,  with  sensation  in  anus  as  %f 
diarrhcea  were  about  to  ensue.  Noon,  15  grs.  After  dinner,  great  heat 
and  redness  of  face,  unusual  symptoms,  6  p.m*  Sudden  call  to  stool^ 
which  soon  goes  off  Great  salivary  secretion.  When  walking,  such 
^eakness  of  knees  that  they  bent  beneath  him,  at  same  lime  fcchng  of 
general  illness,  nausea,  sad  disposition. — 2nd.  No  stool  yesterday — ^most 
unusual ;  slept  well,  coughing  up  of  clear  lumps  of  mucus.  M.,  5  grs. 
Hard  stool  passed  with  effort  in  the  c,  15  grs.  at  bedtime. — 3rd-  No 
mcd.  No  symptoms. — 4th,  m.,  20  grs,  Slight,  transient,  tearing 
drawing  in  r.  knee-joint.  Noon,  violent,  longcontinued  prick  like  a 
needle  continually  pressed  in  at  one  spot  just  above  the  1.  eyebrow.  The 
pain  was  removed  by  violent  scratching.  At  same  time,  but  lasting 
longer,  fine-tearing  pain  in  1.  elbow-joint,  changing  into  pricking  itching^ 
relieved  by  scratching.  Drawing  pains  spreading  from  the  interstice 
between  L  thumb  and  index  to  these  fingers.  Dull  pain  in  1.  temple,  and 
at  the  same  time  tearing  pain  in  1.  lower  costal  region  anteriorly. 
Acute  drawing  tearing  in  posterior  side  of  1.  forearm,  and  at  same  umc 
above  elbow-joint  in  upper  arm.  All  these  sensations  translcntp 
Repeated  itching  pricking  pain  above  r,  eyebrow,  going  off  by  scatching* 
Needle-pricks  at  L  side  of  forehead.  Burning  heat  and  redness  of 
face.  Tearing  sh*ght  pain  on  r.  side  of  top  of  head.  Painfulness  of  1. 
eyeball.  Pain  in  1.  lower  costal  region.  Painful  tearing  in  r.  knee- 
joint.  Much  itching  here  and  there  on  hairy  scalp.  Urinary  secretion 
diminished.  Itching  pricking  above  I.  eyebrow  and  1.  car^  on  head, 
and  various  other  parts.  Quivering  of  l.  lower  eyelid. — 5th.  No  med. 
From  early  m.,  intimations  of  the  hip  and  sacral  pain, — the  latter  on 
L  side,  resembling  lumbago.  Itching  in  various  parts,  needle-pricks 
here  and  there.  Much  yawning  without  weariness,  e, — 6th,  m,, 
30  grs,  after  breakfast.     Very  acute,  sudden,  pressive  tearing  pain  in  r. 


AGARICUS. 


i6g 


eyeball,  not  affecting  sight.  Painful  pressure  on  1.  eyeball,  superiorly 
and  externally.  Violent  paralytic,  transient  dislocation  pain  in  tendons 
of  dorsal  side  of  L  wrist,  as  from  mechanical  injury.  Acute  pressive 
pain  in  small  spot  in  L  temple.  Sore  pain  in  centreofl.  thorax  as  after 
a  blow,  not  affecting  breathing.  Pressive  pain  in  r,  eyeball  superiorly 
and  externally,  momentary,  but  frequently  recurring.  Afternoon,  the 
pain  in  chest  became  very  violent,  and  a  similar  pain  came  \n  r.  side 
affecting  the  breath  i  it  went  off  suddenly  after  lasting  2^  h,,  and  then 
there  came  on  the  pain  above  1.  eyebrow,  which  quickly  went  off,  and 
was  followed  by  discomfort  in  upper  part  of  abdomen  with  feeling  of 
nausea  there  and  trembling  of  knees,  which  soon  went  off.  E.,  great 
itching  under  L  eyelid,  as  if  in  eyeball.  During  the  whole  proving! 
frequent  discharge  of  inodorous  Hatus  after  distended  feeling  in  rectum* 
Forcible  expiration  without  cough  brought  away  a  great  quantity  of 
transparent  lumps  of  mucus,  with  great  relief  to  chest. — 7th.  The  dull 
hip  pain  in  the  region  of  the  1.  os  ilii  very  violent,  lasted  all  afternoon, 
very  tiresome  when  sitting,  but  going  off  completely  when  walking. 
Much  flatus  discharged,  preceded  by  colicky  pain,  A  soft,  very  copious 
stool* — 8th.  The  pain  in  L  hip  felt  in  the  m,  A  great  quantity  of  the 
gelatinous  or  starch-like  expectoration  for  several  d.  past.^ — 9th,  Still 
traces  of  the  hip  pain.  Pain  in  r.  side  of  chest,  tearing  on  posterior 
aspect  of  forearm,     {Ibid,) 

17.  Samuel  Max,  medical  student,  a;t.  20,  strong  constitution, 
sanguine  temperament,  in  good  health.  21st  Oct.,  m.,  5  drops  tinct. 
agar,  in  water.  In  a  few  m.,  heaviness  in  feet  and  head,  very  transient. 
— 22nd,  10  drops,  some  confusion  of  head,  heaviness  and  coldness  of 
extremities,  quivering  of  L  upper  eyelid,  repeated  at  noon. — 23rd, 
15  drops,  confusion  of  head  and  quivering  of  upper  eyelid* — ^Jist, 
5  drops*  Soon  confusion  of  head  and  coldness  of  lower  extremities. 
All  right  after  breakfast, — 4th  Nov.,  10  drops.  In  10  m.,  coldness  of 
lower  extremities.  Heaviness  of  head  and  inclination  to  vomit,  with 
watery  erucutions. — 9th,  10  drops.  Soon  coldness  m  lower  limbs  and 
inclination  to  vomit.     Transient  headache.     [Ibid,) 

18.  Dr.  Ros£NB£RG,  sct.  38,  sanguinc  choleric  temperament, 
robust  constitution,  and,  though  corpulent,  irritable*  Disposition  to 
lumbago,  soreihroat,  and  fever.  At  present  quite  well. —  1st  March, 
7  a*m,,  10  drops  tinct.  Immediately,  burning  and  scraping  \n  throat, 
extending  deep  down  into  1.  side  of  chest*  9  a»m.,  these  symptoms 
went  off,  and  he  took  his  breakfast,  1,30  p.m.,  when  walking  in  open 
air,  suddenly  such  a  violent  pain  in  the  sacrum  that  he  could  not  take 
another  step  ;  at  same  time  vertiginous  nausea,  the  knees  shook,  he  had 
to  drive  home  in  a  cab.  Here  he  vomited  his  breakfast,  which  removed 
the  nausea,  but  the  pain  in  the  sacrum  not  only  continued  as  violent, 
but  extended  the  whole  length  of  the  spine  to  the  nape.  The  spine 
was  painful  to  the  touch  in  several  spots,  E.,  alternation  of  chill  and 
heat,  restless  sleep  at  n.,  many  unconnected  dreams,  next  m,  quite 
prostrated  and  weak. — 2nd.  Pain  in  sacrum  and  back  still  violent,  so 
that  he  could  not  leave  his  bed  \  frequent  palpitation  of  heart,  little 
appetite,  no  stool,  copious  secretion  of  urine  of  pale  yellow  colour,  E., 
«ome  chiliiness  followed  by  heat.     Sleep  much  disturbed. — 3rd.  Sacral 


AGARICyS. 


pain  better,  dorsal  pain  still  very  violent  on  the  slightest  movement, 
£.^  pain  in  splenic  region,  rumbling  in  bowels,  followed  by  a  stool  with 
effort.  N,,  better,  no  fever. — 4th  to  7th*  Went  about  his  work,  but  any 
considerable  movement  cansed  violent  pain  in  some  spots  of  the  spine. 
Spirits  very  depressed,  Appetite  bad,  stool  irregular,  animal  food  caused 
heartburn  ;  at  n.  he  was  troubled  by  flatulence  and  a  deep  contractive 
pain  in  splenic  region. — 19th,  5.30  a.m.,  5  drops  tinct.  He  lay  in  bed  1 
li  h,  reading,  but  could  not  pay  attention  to  what  he  read  ;  he  became 
irritable,  was  cross  with  his  servant,  and  disposed  to  scold,  A  meeting 
he  attended  later  excited  him  still  more ;  he  got  such  violent  palpiu* 
tion  he  had  to  go  and  lie  down.  He  soon  fell  asleep,  dreamt  much, 
and  on  waking  was  bathed  in  sweat,  and  trembled.  Later  excessive 
hunger,  but  his  food  was  not  relished  ;  this  irritated  him  ;  he  again  got 
palpitation  and  convulsive  cough  with  anxious  sweat,  and  was  so  low* 
spirited  that  he  could  not  bring  himself  to  speak  to  anyone,  and  locked  . 
himself  up  in  his  room.  E,,  qgict,  ate  a  little  and  enjoyed  reading' 
the  newspaper.  Midnight,  awakened  by  a  spasmodic  pain  in  K  side  of 
abdomen,  with  call  to  stool,  but  on  making  an  effort  to  evacuate  there 
came  a  violent  pain  in  sacrum  that  extended  down  into  lower  extremi- 
ties. The  lower  limbs  felt  bruised  and  semi -paralysed.  The  call  ta 
stool  combined  with  a  sort  of  tenesmus  lasted  till  m.,  when  violent 
shooting,  burning  pains  low  down  in  the  spine  came  on. — 70th,  The 
dorsal  and  sacral  pain  lasted  all  d.  so  violently  that  he  had  to  keep  his 
bed,  and  \'\c  quite  still.  E.,  the  sacral  pains  were  nearly  gone,  but  the 
lower  extremities  were  very  painful,  as  though  they  had  been  bruised 
by  a  heavy  weight. — aist  to  23rd.  So  much  better  that  he  could  walk 
out,  though  not  free  from  pain  j  the  lower  extremities  were  most  painful 
when  he  got  up  after  sitting  some  time. — and  April,  10,30  p.m., 
12  drops  of  ix  dil.  Soon  fell  asleep,  but  woke  at  3  a.m.  with  pressive 
headache ;  yawned  much,  and  every  time  he  did  so  had  an  involun- 
tary fit  of  laughter.  These  symptoms  lasted  about  an  hour  and  were 
followed  by  profound  sleep,  from  which  he  woke  at  6  a.m.,  and  had 
convulsive  cough,  trembling  of  heart  and  anxiety*  Next  m.  could 
go  out,  but  his  spirits  were  very  bad.  During  the  d.,  frequent  yawning, 
E.,  drawing  in  back  and  sacrum.  N.,  three  watery  stools,  with  pain  in 
spleen. — 3rd  and  4th.  The  same  symptoms,  though  slighter.  The 
dorsal  and  sacral  pain  lasted  a  fortnight  lotiger.     [Ibid,) 

19.  Rudolf  Schmidt,  medical  student,  began  to  prove  on  15th 
Oct.,  with  6  drops  tinct.,  increased  the  dose  gradually  till  28th,  when 
he  took  45  drops,  but  experienced  no  effects. — 29tb,  50  drops.  In  6  h, 
a  tiresome  feeling  of  tension  externally  in  the  region  of  the  thyroid 
gland,  increased  in  e,  10  p.m.,  a  similar  tensive  sensation  in  r.  groin, 
increased  by  rotating  outwards  and  extending  r,  thigh.  This  sensation 
continued  on  30th,  but  went  off  on  walking,  returning  when  standing, 
and  also  slightly  when  sitting  or  lying.  It  increased  towards  e, 
amounting  then  to  slight  pain,  the  tension  in  thyroid  remained  always 
the  same. — 31st.  Pain  in  groin  less  when  walking,  worse  when  sitting, 
lying  or  standing.  Increased  in  e. — ist  Nov.  The  tension  lasted  all 
d.,  and  interfered  with  walking  ;  he  could  only  walk  slowly. — 2nd  to 
4th.  The  pain   as  before  in   the  groin  j  it  is  aggravated  by  touch.— 


AGARICUS. 


5th*  Pa!n  much  relieved,  not  felt  when  walking,  and  the  tension 
only  Mi  when  standing,  sitting,  or  lying.  Tension  in  thyroid  gland 
gone  by  the  8th. — 9th,  50  drops*  After  8  h.  the  tension  in  groin 
returned  under  same  conditions  as  before.  It  lasted  till  nth,  returned 
for  instants  on  13th  j  by  15th  was  quite  gone,      {Ibid.) 

20.  Gottlieb  Scholz,  ast.  23,  farmer,  phlegmatic  temperament, 
always  healthy,  bad  complexion,  tendency  to  pimply  eruption  on  face, 
especially  forehead, — 31st  July,  e.,  3  drops  tinct.  Immediately 
qualmishness,  nearly  causing  vomiting  ;  unusual  drowsiness, —  ist 
Aug.,  forenoon,  10  drops.  Burning  in  interior  of  chest  and  a  kind  of 
Oppression.  Fine  pricking  pressure  first  above  eyes»  Now  and  then 
shooting  in  I.,  seldom  in  r.  temple  ;  pain  above  knee,  on  outer  aspect  of 
femur,  as  if  bruised.  Dislocation  pain  in  t.  ankle.^ — ^and,  m.,  formication 
in  scrob,  cordis,  with  nausea.  Dislocation  pain  in  \,  ankle  more 
severe.  On  and  betwrxt  eyebrows  small,  itching  pustules,  painful  to 
touch,  which  disappear  in  a  few  d.  Slight  pain  in  eyeball  when 
moved. — 3rd,  m.,  10  drops.  Great  repugnance  and  nausea,  from  the 
taste  of  the  medicine.  Fermentation  in  abdomen  in  J  h.  Nausea 
nearly  increasing  to  vomiting.  Burning  feeling  in  scrob.  cordis. 
Boring  drawing  pain  in  r.  side  of  chest  from  without  inwards,  and  a 

I  peculiar  oppression  lasting  5  m*  Constant  inclination  to  vomit  all 
d.  Symptoms  all  worse  m.  fasting  and  after  food.  Frequent  pricks 
just  above  eyes.  Cross  humour. — 4th  to  6th.  Nausea  and  empty 
feeling  in  stomach,  worst  m.  Stool  soft.  Every  d.  before  eating  in 
the  m,,  flat,  insipid  taste  in  mouth.  Tongue  furred,  dirty  yellow. 
Appetite  diminished. — 7th,  m.,  10  drops.  Soon,  empty  feeling  in 
scrobiculus  cordis.  Immediately  fermentation  in  abdomen.  Sneezing 
caused  by  nausea.  Feeling  as  if  a  stone  lay  in  stomach.  Pressive 
pain  above  I.  eye.  Frequent  discharge  of  flatus.  Burning  and  pressure 
on  eyeballs,  especially  when  moving  them.  Constant  sensation  in 
stomach  as  \f  it  sank  like  a  great  weight  into  the  abdomen.  Taste 
flat.  Appetite  going. — 8th,  Pressure  in  scrobiculus  cordis.  Griping 
pinching  pain  in  umbilical  region.  Drawing  cutting  pain  in  a  hollow 
molar,  during  which  the  abdominal  pains  go  off,  but  return  when 
toothache  ceases, — gth.  Dislocation  pain  in  1.  shoulder-joint. — 13th, 
forenoon,  15  drops.  Pricks  in  rapid  succession  in  first  joint  of  L  index. 
The  following  symptoms  occurred  cv^iy  d.  : — Crawling  in  scrobiculus 
cordis  with  nausea  ;  fermentation  in  abdomen  ;  inclination  to  vomit  j 
empty  feeling  in  stomach  j  sneezing  during  nausea  ;  griping  pinching 
pain  about  navel  j  pressure  and  burning  in  orbits. — 14th.  Griping 
pinching  about  navel.  Constant  nausea  felt  in  chest.  Satiety  with 
empty  feeling  in  stomach.  Accumulation  of  flatulence,  which  causes 
oppression.     {Ibid.) 

21.  Dr.  Alex.  Wagner, — a,  19th  Aug,,  c,  10  drops  of  2x  dil.in 
water.  Next  m.  when  going  out  felt  slight  griping  in  umbilical 
region  for  a  short  time. — 20th,  22nd,  and  23rd,  15,  20,  30  drops.  No 
symptoms, — 24th,  40  drops.  Forenoon,  confusion  of  head,  weakness, 
occasional  flying  stitches  in  upper  part  of  1.  chest.  Weak  feeling  and 
drawing  dislocation  pain  in  r.  knee,  transient ;  later  colicky  pains  in 
belly,  especially   in   umbilical    region,  lasting  longer.      For   some   d. 


rya 


AGARICUS. 


afterwards  occasionaJ  griping  and  transient  rumbling,  with  tendency  to 
diarrhoric  stods, 

if,  loth  Nov,  II  p.m.,  lO  drops  i,  dil.  Next  m.  head  confused, 
tongue  thickly  furred,  taste  flat.  Later,  pressive  pain  in  temple. 
Forenoon,  while  walking  in  open  air  repeated  transient  griping  and 
burning  pressive  pain  in  hypogastrium.^ — ilth,  lo  p.m.,  20  drops.  A 
dull  pressive  pain  in  r.  hypochondrium  towards  the  back,  in  the  fore- 
noon and  for  some  h.  afterwards. ^ — I2th,  c.»  40  drops.  Next  m. 
furred  tongue,  bad  appetite  ^  after  dinner  full  feeling  and  pressure  in 
stomach,  with  much  flatulence. —  13th,  m,,  tongue  much  furred^  flat, 
pappy  taste,  confusion  of  head,  exhausted  feeling  when  walking.  In  r. 
hypochondrium,  more  towards  the  back,  pressive  sensation  with  occa- 
sional shooting,  especially  when  bending  body  to  I.,  lasting  all  A 
Appetite  diminished,  with  full  feeling,  as  from  flatulence,  after  food. 
Cross  humour,  with  disinclination  for  work.  At  n.  itching  in  navel 
and  inner  side  of  thigh,- — J4th,  m,,  furrred  tongue,  flat  taste,  anorexia, 
occasional  pressive  pain  in  hepatic  region,  itching  on  various  parts  of 
body,  frequently  changing  its  place,  and  making  him  scratch. — 15th. 
Furred  tongue,  anorexia,  slight  yellowish  tinge  of  complexion,  espe- 
cially about  als  nasi  and  corners  of  mouth.  Occasional  yellow  spots 
before  eyes  on  looking  at  bright  objects  i  tobacco  not  relished, — i6th. 
The  same  symptoms  continue  in  slighter  degree  ;  occasional  shooting 
pressive  pain  in  r.  hypochondrium,  increased  by  pressure.  At  n*  more 
intense  and  long-continued  itching  in  navel,  pudendum,  and  inner 
aspect  of  thigh,  making  him  scratch.  E.,  60  drops. — 17th,  m.,  itching 
and  burning  at  anus,  as  in  tenesmus.  Dryness  and  burning  pimples  on 
upper  and  lower  lip^  which  in  the  course  of  the  day  change  into 
vesicles  filled  with  yellow  serum.  On  hypogastrium,  navel,  pudendum, 
and  inner  side  of  thigh  an  eruption  appears,  consisting  of  whitish 
papules,  which  itch  continually,  compelling  him  to  scratch,  whereby 
the  burning  and  itching  are  only  increased.  The  papules  seated  at 
the  roots  of  the  hairs  bleed  readily  when  scratched  and  leave  behind 
reddish  pimples.  The  itching  began  with  feeling  of  creeping  under 
the  skin  which  described  small  circular  lines,  and  was  occasionally 
combined  with  pricks  as  with  needles  and  burning.  During  the  d.  he 
felt  on  both  iliac  regions  and  on  L  arm  a  transient  itching  under  the 
skin,  II  p.m.,  80  drops.  Slept  uneasily  on  account  of  the  excessive 
itching  compelling  him  to  scratch,  not  only  in  the  former  places,  but 
also  alternately  on  the  arms  and  hairy  scalp,  which  declined  towards 
m.,  but  only  ceased  at  intervals* — 1 8th,  m.,  tongue  thickly  furred, 
flat,  rather  sweetish  metallic  taste.  Lips  much  swollen  in  consequence 
of  the  vesicles,  which  have  become  ulcers.  Nape  rather  stiff'and  painful 
on  moving  head  sideways,  especially  to  the  r.  L.  side  of  head  painful  to 
touch  through  its  whole  extent.  Tension  spreading  towards  occiput 
and  there  becoming  dull  pressive  pain  with  heavy  feeling  all  d.  The 
itching  eruption  spreads  further  in  the  abdominal  and  femoral  regions. 
By  d.,  great  itching  in  1.  hough,  and  on  anterior  surface  of  r,  knee, 
when  walking  ;  also  in  sacral  region.  This  lasts  all  d,,  coming  alter- 
nately in  various  parts  of  the  body,  and  frequently  changing  its  seat. 
II   p.m*,    100  drops, —  19th.    The  itching   and    burning  great  at  n.. 


AGARICUS. 


173 


I 


disturbinjE  sleep.  It  also  occurred  often  during  the  d.  on  different 
parts.  Forenoon,  whilst  walking,,  violent  contraction  of  flexor  muscles 
of  l.  thigh,  for  l  h, — zoth.  The  same  symptoms — scratching  all 
n,  till  blood  came. — 21st.  Itching  somewhat  abated. — amd,  11  p.m«, 
150  drops.^ — 23rd.  Very  restless  n.,  frequent  waking  on  account 
of  itching,  especially  about  navel,  pudendum,  perinicum,  and  hairy 
scalp.  M,,  tongue  covered  with  viscid  mucus.  Itching  not  quite  so 
bad  by  d. — 25th.  Another  very  restless  n*,  with  frequent  waking  on 
account  of  the  burning  itching  pain,  which  was  almost  incessant  on 
the  parts  mentioned,  and  on  others.  During  the  d.  burning  pain  was 
Icit  on  the  parts  which  had  itched  all  n.,  especially  on  the  inner  side  of 
the  thigh  when  walking.  During  the  d.  there  was  frequent  but  tran* 
tient  itching  on  face,  nose,  cars,  and  hairy  scalp,  with  great  feelmg  of 
exhaustion.  The  itching  and  burning  lasted  during  a  journey  that 
occupied  him  till  the  xst  Dec,  as  also  did  the  readily  bleeding  eruption 
on  navel,  perinacum,  and  thighs.  The  n.  of  2nd  Dec,  which  was 
passed  in  bed,  was  nearly  sleepless  owing  to  the  pricking  and  burning 
itching,  especially  on  belly,  thighs,  and  feet. — 3rd,  mi,  great  exhaus- 
tion, compression  of  head,  pressive  pain  in  r.  forehead, — 4th.  Itching 
and  burning,  especially  about  navel  and  inner  side  of  thighs,  continued. 
It  generally  began  in  the  c.,  increased  in  intensity  till  midnight,  T'he 
eruption  was  seated  at  the  roots  of  the  hairs,  each  papule  being  pierced 
by  a  hair,  and  when  it  had  continued  for  a  considerable  time  2  to  10 
proliferations  of  the  epidermis  about  the  size  of  pins'  heads  were 
observed  surrounding  the  hair  like  a  rosary,  and  were  with  difficulty 
detached  from  it,  (It  corresponded  to  Hebra's  lichen  pilaris  urticatus.) 
Constant  dryness  of  upper  lip,  with  tendency  to  chap  and  vesicular 
eruption  on  it. — 5*^  ^^^  ^^^-  ^he  itching  and  burning  continued  to 
such  a  degree  that  to  get  rid  of  it  he  tried  various  remedies.  Washing 
with  equal  parts  of  spirits  of  camphor  and  water  removed  the  itching 
and  eruption  in  a  short  time.  But  he  felt  a  good  deal  of  the  itchijig 
until  15th  Dec,  especially  at  night  and  particularly  on  the  feet. — 
1 6th.  Occasional  itching,  especially  on  feet  and  perineum,  at  night, 
bnt  no  more  eruption  ;  the  nocturnal  itching  lasted  till  the  middle  of 
January,  especially  on  the  lower  extremities,  causing  scratching  till  the 
blood  came. 

r.  22nd  Jan.,  10  p.m.,  10  drops  tinct.  in  water. — 23rd,  m,,  on 
waking,  feeling  of  exhaustion  and  confused  head.  Tongue  furred, 
white ;  bitter  taste.  Pressure  in  r.  hypochondrium  upwards.  After 
breakfast  loose  stool  followed  by  griping  in  hypogastrium  in  forenoon 
while  walking  in  open  air.  10  p.m.,  20  drops. — ^24th,  m.,  tongue 
covered  with  thick  fur;  pappy  taste.  Later  when  walking  in  open  air 
pressive  pain  in  r.  supra-orbital  region  for  a  short  time.  At  9  p.m., 
30  drops.  N,,  very  restless,  late  of  falling  asleep.  Woke  every  h,, 
and  difficulty  of  falling  asleep,  owing  to  tiresome  smarting  itching, 
specially  about  navel,  pudendum,  and  pertnseum,  sometimes  also  on 
inner  side  of  1.  thigh  and  foot. — 2Sth,  m*,  head  confused,  tongue 
rurred,  smarting  in  eyes.  During  d.,  frequent  itching  alternately  on 
fiecl^  extremities,  and  belly  j  no  eruption* — 26th,  During  d.,  pressive 
fivntal  headache  and  occasional  itching  on  belly.     9  p.m.,  40  drops 


174 


AGARICUS. 


— ^27 th,  m.,  furred  tongue,  pppy  taste,  confusLcl  IjiU.  Forenoon 
and  aficmoon,  repcatcci  attacks  of  griping^  cuitiM^  pains  in  hypo- 
gastrium,  with  flatulence.  Frequent  itching,  causttig  scratching  about 
rSavcl.  9  p.m.,  50  drops.  Soon  recurrence  of  culling  pains  in  the 
bowels,  with  rumbling  and  rattling  ;  dryne$s  of  gullet,  with  istnngeni 
taste  in  mouth.  Some  transient  acute  piicks  from  fauces  along 
Eustachian  tube  towards  r.  ear* — 28th,  m.,  tongue  thickly  covered 
with  viscid  mucus  j  astringent  metallic  taste  lasting  all  d.,  but  in  less 
degree*  Discomfort  in  abdomen,  with  rumbling  and  occasional  cut- 
ting griping*  E*,  itching  about  navel,  causing  scratching,  with  eruption 
of  papules  with  red  areola.  1 1  p*m.,  60  drops.  Soon  the  peculfar 
dryness  of  palate,  especially  felt  when  swallowing,  with  occasional 
stitches  towards  r.  ear  and  r.  parotid  gland.  Tensive  drawing  of  both 
sterno-clcido-masloidei,  causing  stiffness  of  neck.  Griping  and  rum- 
bling in  bowels. — 29th.  On  awaking  dryness  of  fauces  and  pabtc 
continues,  spreading  downwards  to  gullet,  and  contraction  there  ad 
though  an  astringent  fluid  had  been  drunk.  T'ongue  covered  with 
viscid  mucus.  Taste  flat,  pappy,  somewhat  metallic.  Feeling  of 
emptiness  of  stomach  alternating  with  pressure  as  from  a  heavy  body 
there.  In  r.  hypochondrium  heavy  feeling  and  drawing,  as  though  the 
liver  were  increased  in  weight  and  dragged  on  its  ligaments.  Occasional 
sharp  pricks  as  if  radiating  from  the  surface  of  the  r.  lobe  of  liver  to  its 
centre.  Rumbling  wandering  about  of  flatulence  in  abdomen.  After- 
noon, several  violent  shootings  in  splenic  region.  11  p.m.,  80  drops. 
Some  time  afterwards  the  peculiar  dryness  of  throat,  with  shooting 
towards  parotid  and  submaxtilary  glands,  tension  in  nape,  flatulent 
movements  in  abdomen.  Later,  violent  itching  in  abdomen  and  legs, 
making  him  scratch,  with  a  scattered  eruption  of  readily  bleeding 
papules. — 30th,  m,,  tongue  thrckly  furred,  dryness  of  fauces  and 
palate,  pressure  on  the  liver,  discomfort  with  frequent  rumbling 
and  griping  in  abdomen  in  forenoon  and  afternoon,  it  p.m.,  100 
drops.  In  I  h.  tensive  drawing  in  r.  jaw  towards  ear.  Dryness  in 
fauces,  pressive  and  burning  pain  in  stomach.  Violent  itching  on 
abdomen  in  umbilical  region  and  perinaeum,  particularly  severe  on 
lower  extremities,  with  eruption  of  papules. — 31st.  Woke  with  furred 
tongue,  pappy,  flat,  metallic  taste,  dryness  of  fauces  and  palate,-pressivc 
pain  in  stomach,  with  loathing  and  inclination  to  vomit.  Feeling  of 
exhaustion  and  confusion  of  head,  increased  by  walking  in  open  air  ; 
occasional  discomfort  with  rumbling  and  cutting  pressive  pain  ia  hypo- 
gastrium.  Itching  at  n.  in  bed,  especially  about  navel  and  inner  side  of 
thighs,  but  without  eruption,  lasted  for  another  week,  and  then 
gradually  went  off.  During  the  whole  of  February  the  tongue  in  the 
m.  was  covered  with  viscid  mucus,  its  papilla  were  very  prominent, 
and  the  peculiar  dry  and  astringent  sensation  was  perceived.  The 
appetite  also  was  decidedly  smaller. 

^.  27th  February,  lO  p.m.,  200  drops.  Some  time  afterwards 
when  reading  feeling  of  fulness  and  confusion  of  head  with  drawing 
towards  temples,  increased  feeling  of  warmth,  especially  on  ears.  Con- 
tractive dryness  of  throat,  warmth  and  rough  feeling  in  sternal  region, 
—28th,  m.,  tongue   covered  with   thick   viscid  mucus,  dryness   and 


AGARICUS. 


astringent  feeling  m  palate  and  throat  i  during  the  d*  repeated  rumbling 
and  occasional  griping  in  bowels,  with  several  pappy  stools. — ist 
March,  Towards  e.  itching  on  lower  extremities,  especially  1.,  making 
him  scratch*     {f^id,) 

22.  Dr,  Ferdinand  Zeiner.  a.  17th  Junc^g  a.m»,  5  drops  i,  diL 
agar.  Forenoon,  empty  eructation  repeatedly,  rancid  taste  lasting  3  h., 
pinching  in  umbilical  region,  cold  feeling  in  belly,  transient  stitches 
alternating  in  r.  and  1*  frontal  protuberance,  aching  in  sacrum  ;  when 
reading  the  sight  leaves  him  ;  on  going  downstairs  weak  feeling  in  legs  j 
this  lasts  while  walking  in  open  air  ;  it  seems  to  proceed  from  the  sacral 
region.  The  sun's  heat  causes  violent  vertigo.  After  dinner  (at  I  p,m») 
could  not  get  his  usual  siesta  on  account  of  violent  burning  pain  in 
corn  on  r.  little  toe,  and  burning  in  1.  thigh.  Slept  well^  but  next  m.  a 
small  noise  brought  on  violent  shootings  in  r.  frontal  eminence. — i8th, 
9  a*m.,  10  drops.  Eructation  of  air,  scraping  in  throaty  pinching  about 
navel  lasting  till  dinner.  Soon  after  taking  medicine  frontal  headachci 
aching  pain  in  sacrum  with  weakness  of  legs  on  walking  in  open  air. 
Sneezing  excited  by  the  sun's  light  caused  violent  stitches  in  cscum  j 
occasional  violent  stitches  in  anus  ;  shoots  first  in  r.  then  in  K  knee. 
I  h.  before  dinner  bitter  taste  lasting  i  h,,  but  good  appetite.  After 
dinner  the  same  burning  pains  in  corn  of  r.  little  toe.  Two  pappy 
stools  preceded  by  pinching  in  belly  and  accompanied  by  great  dis- 
charge of  flatus,  £.,  fluent  coryia, — iQth,  20  drops.  Eructation  of 
air  ;  nausea  with  anxiety,  thereafter  discharge  of  flatus.  Slight  pinching 
in  belly  for  some  h.  ;  three  pappy  stools  ;  when  writing  flickering  before 
eyes,  scraping  feeling  in  throat  with  bitter  taste ;  coryza  continues. 
E,  sad  in  cheerful  company,  unable  to  take  a  part  in  conversation.— 
20th.  Coryza  more  severe.  During  d.,  while  walking,  smarting  in 
thighs,  compelling  scratching, — From  21st  to  26th.  Frequent  violent 
shootings  in  knees,  weakness  in  feet,  three  liquid  stools  a  d.  at  short 
intervals,  frequent  urination  with  increased  discharge  of  urine.  The 
coryza  lasted  till  the  26th.  On  the  3rd  d.  it  was  very  severe.  First 
ft  affected  the  I.  side  of  the  nose  with  the  I.  eye  for  2  d,  ^  then  the  r. 
side  of  nose  and  r.  eye  for  2  d.  more  j  the  discharge  was  acrid  and 
burning.  On  the  24th,  when  the  discharge  diminished^  the  nose  swelled 
considerably,  was  bluish  red  and  very  painful  to  the  touch  i  this  termi- 
nated with  desquamation  of  skin.  My  coryzas  never  used  to  end  in 
this  way,  but  with  vesicular  eruption  on  upper  lip. — 25th,  Felt  an  aching 
in  r.  eye  as  if  a  grain  of  sand  had  got  in  it  under  upper  eyelid.  Nothing 
was  to  be  seen  in  the  eye,  only  the  secretion  of  tears  was  increased. 
Forenoon,  depressed  spirits,  afternoon  cheerful.  On  1,  side  of  scrotum 
the  skin  swelled,  became  red,  and  itched  j  in  2  d,  the  swelling  was  gone. 

b,  2nd  proving:  13th  July,  5  drops  6th  dil.  Immediately* 
rancid  taste,  eructation  of  air,  slight  shooting  in  forehead,  gradually 
becoming  stronger,  especially  on  1.  side.  Weak  feeling  in  1.  arm  and 
].  foot,  uneasiness  in  the  latter,  compelling  him  to  move  it.  In  i  h* 
eyes  dim-sighted,  the  K  outer  canthus  burned,  and  feeling  of  sand 
under  r.  eyelid.  Head  confused,  full,  could  not  go  on  with  reading. 
In  I  h.  pinching  in  1.  side  of  abdomen  with  discharge  of  flatus.  After- 
noon, frequent  shooting  pains  in  r.  little  toe,  especially  severe  and 
continuous  at  6  p.m.,  when  sitting,  relieved  by  waJking  up  and  down 


176 


AGARICUl 


room.  On  rising  from  scat,  twice  shooiiiig  on  r,  knee  ;  when  walking 
at  7  p.m.  a  painful  drawing  in  r.  leg  lasting  5  m.»  on  the  anterior 
aspect  of  leg,  extending  over  knee,  with  weak  feeling  in  that  leg* 
Slept  well*  M.,  on  waking,  headache,  which  soon  went  off* — 14th, 
10  a,m*,  10  drops.  Rancid  taste,  eructation  of  air  immediately,  lasting 
a  long  time  j  later,  on  trying  to  read  the  sight  was  dim,  weak,  a$  if 
through  a  veil,  flickering  before  eyes;  some  shouts  in  forehead,  cspc- 
cially  1.  side.  In  f  h.  aching  in  sacrum,  with  weakness  of  legs  when 
walking.  Afternoon,  shoots  in  anus.  6  p.m.,  when  walking,  violent 
shootings  in  both  knees,  for  several  m.,and  continued  aching  in  sacrum. 
Nose  dry,  and  on  blowing  it  some  blood  came.  Appetite  good,  stool 
and  urine  normal.  Slept  well. —  15th.  No  med.  Immediately  on 
waking,  depressed  spirits,  in  i  h.  cheerful.  When  reading,  eyes  weak^ 
watery,  dim-sighted,  great  exhaustion  of  whole  body.  £.,  a  black, 
sanguineous  blister  in  mouth,  which  discharged  its  contents  next  d. 
On  front  of  1.  leg  and  on  nates  boils  which  were  very  painful.  The 
boil  on  nates  became  as  large  as  a  hen's  e^,  was  very  painful  and  dis* 
charged,  on  the  7th  d.,  a  considerable  quantity  of  black  blood,  no  pus. 
This  bleeding  lasted  5  d.  with  occasional  severe  burning  pain.  Quivering 
of  r.  upper  eyelid  with  feeling  of  weakness  of  it  withcut  having  strained 
the  eye ;  the  quivering  went  off  gradually,  but  the  weakness  of  the 
eyelid  lasted  5  months.     {Ibid,) 

23*  Professor  D.  J.  von  Zlatarovich.  a,  8th  June,  m.,  10  drops 
of  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  tinct.  agar,  and  alcohol.  After  breakfast 
slight  nausea,  disgusting  taste  on  root  of  tongue,  dryness  in  fauces. — 
9th,  10  drops;  emptiness  in  stomach.  After  breakfast  slight  nausea, 
flatulent  distension  of  abdomen,  burning  in  r.  leg.  All  forenoon  un- 
comfortable feeling  in  abdomen,  which  is  not  distended,  but  feeling  of 
flatulent  distension  in  it.  Noon,  when  smoking  a  cigar,  exceedingly 
disagreeable  taste,  salty,  bitter,  especially  at  root  of  tongue;  much 
saliva  pours  into  mouth,  slight  rigor  over  back.  Little  appetite.  After 
dinner,  again  the  discomfort  in  abdomen,  especially  about  navel,  and 
the  same  disagreeable  taste  \  somttimes  a  very  peculiar  feeling  of 
constriction  under  sternum.  Afternoon,  pretty  well.  E.,  the  bad 
taste,  the  sensation  under  sternum,  and  the  discomfort  in  abdomen 
returned. —  loih,  5  drops.  Noon,  a  disagreeable  sensation  in  stomach 
with  commencing  nausea.  Discharge  of  flatus.  After  breakfast  severe 
burning  under  sternum  for  an  hour.  Forenoon,  well.  Noon,  some 
tightness  over  chest,  slight  dyspnoea.  Later,  pressure  under  upper  half 
of  sternum.  Till  19th  took  every  m.  5  drops. —  ilth,  m.,  coughed 
several  limes,  severe  pressure  in  1.  half  of  head.  After  breakfast^ 
burning  along  oesophagus,  short  broken  sounds  in  bowels.  Noon,  very 
disagreeiible,  sweetish  metallic  taste,  slight  pinching  about  navel,  some 
tenderness  under  sternum,  blowing  of  much  mucus  from  nose. —  I2th^ 
m,,  cough.  Soon  slight  nausea;  afterwards  transient  stomach-ache^ 
and  when  this  went  off  some  pinching  about  navel.  Forenoon, 
single  attacks  of  pain  under  sternum.  After  dinner  great  distension  of 
abdomen,  several  times  dry  cough,  much  mucus  blown  from  nose,— 
13th,  m.,  coughing  of  mucus  several  times.  About  r.  inner  ankle 
painful  burning  of  skin  as  in  commencing  erysipelas  for  1  h.     Slight 


% 


AGARICUS. 


dii?comfort  in  stomach  and  bowels.  Repeated  sneezing,  occasional 
tensive  pain  on  chest,  sometimes  between  shoulders,  much  mucus 
blown  from  nose. —  14th,  m.,  some  mucus  coughed  up,  Noon^  slight 
burning  in  bowels.  Pain  In  r,  inner  ankle  returned*  Forenoon,  much 
mucus  blown  from  nose,  with  burning  in  upper  lip. — i5ih,m.,on  waking, 
coughed  up  mucus  several  times,  roughness  in  throat,  slight  burning 
in  eyes,  frequent  sneering.  Had  also  sneezed  at  n.  without  waking. 
Immediately  feeling  of  pressure  and  coldness  in  stomach.  Forenoon, 
pain  in  head  externally,  more  in  posterior  half,  tension  In  occiput 
towards  ears,  nape,  and  other  parts.  Sensitiveness  of  nasal  mucous 
membrane. — i6th,  m.,  cough  repeatedly,  with  feeling  of  rawness  in 
chest.  Slight  tenderness  of  eyes.  Prcssive  pain  on  crown, —  17th, 
m.,  coughing  up  of  mucus.  After  breakfast,  slight  pmching  about 
naveU  discharge  of  flatus.  The  pinching  became  more  severe,  with 
call  to  stool.     An  insuiHcient  firm  stool.     Forenoon,  repeated  slight 

^  searching  in  bowels.  A  peculiar  tensive  pain  in  r.  groin.  Frequent 
sneezing,  blowing  of  much  mucus  from  nose, — ^i8th,  m.,  severe  cough 
with  mucous  expectoration,  with  raw  feeling  in  chest.  After  break* 
fast,  feeling  of  weight  under  navel.  All  d,  repeated  coughing  up  of 
masses  of  mucus.  After  dinner,  transient  tearing  pains  on  shaft  of  K 
tibia, —  19th.  Slept  well,  but  awoke  with  violent  cough  ^  the  first 
impulses  of  cough  brought,  along  with  a  kind  of  convulsion  of  the 

'  whole  body,  thick  expectoration,  />,  the  cough  came  suddenly  and  was 
so  violent  that  he  must  double  himself  together,  draw  up  the  legs,  and 
even  move  the  arms.  The  subsequent  fits  were  not  so  severe,  brought 
away  no  expectoration,  and  were  accompanied  by  sore  feeling  on  the 
chest.  This  all  went  oif  after  a  short  while.  Some  burning  on  the  skin 
of  r.  leg.  Blowing  of  much  mucus  from  nose* — toih  and  21st.  No  mcd, 
M,,  several  mucous  coughs.  All  d.  much  mucus  blown  from  nose, 
without  further  catarrhal  symptoms.  For  several  d,  past  there  has  been 
much  itching  in  scalp  towards  nape,  causing  continual  scratching, — 
2Znd,  5  drops.  M.,  several  violent  coughs  with  mucous  expectoration. 
Much  mucus  blown  from  nose.  1 1  a.m.,  headache,  especially  weight 
and  tension  in  occiput  and  towards  nape.  In  r*  upper  arm  some 
tension  felt  on  movement. — 23rd,  5  drops.  M.,  mucous  cough.  Ten., 
sion  in  upper  arm  continues.  After  the  dose,  disagreeable  sweetish 
taste,  which  lasts  some  time  after  breakfast.  Noon,  slight  stitches 
and  tension  on  chest.  Afternoon  well, — ^2fth,  5  drops.  M,^  mucous 
cough,  tension  in  upper  arm  gone.  Some  weight  in  stomach  and 
abdomen.  Discharge  of  flatus, — 25th.  No  med.  Much  mucous 
cough.  Burning  in  r,  leg,  slight  pinching  and  rumbling  in  bowels,  low 
spirits, — 26th,  5  drops.  Slept  well,  but  passed  an  unusual  quantity  of 
urine.  M.,  mucous  cough,  occasional  transient  drawing  pain  in  some 
long  bones.  After  breakfast  slight  pinching  in  abdomen,  discharge  of 
flatus.  In  r.  upper  arm  painful  tension  on  movement.  Copious 
pappy  stool,  followed  by  feeling  of  weight  in  hypogastrium.  During 
the  d,  well  except  occasional  cough. — 27th,  5  drops.  Slept  well. 
M,,  great  sexual  excitement.  Much  mucous  cough  and  nasal  mucus  ; 
pressure  in  stomach,  weight  on  chest.  Tension  in  r.  leg.  Forenoon, 
very  tired  after  a  moderate  walk.     Skin  of  whole  body,  especially  face, 

12 


AGARICUS. 


very  smooth,  soft,  and  free  from  pimples. — 28th  aiid  iQtb,  each  d.^ 
^5  drops,  M»»  mucous  cough,  distension  of  abdomen,  burning  on  r.  leg. 
^  •30th,  5  drops.  M,,  mucous  cough.  Coolness  and  weight  in  stomachs 
Snee^ted  several  times.  Afternoon,  on  working  hard,  frequent  cough, 
whirling  running  in  scalp,  occassional  pressivc  pains  in  shin-bone. — ist 
[uly,  5  drops.  Slept  well.  M*^  roughness  in  throat  and  mucous  cough, 
ome  pain  in  r*  leg.  After  dose  disagreeable  sweetish  taste,  weight 
in  abdomen,  Forenoon,  well.  Noon,  disagreeable  taste  like  the  mcd» 
Discomfort  in  abdomen,  and  also  in  whole  body.  Feeling  as  if  belly  were 
quite  empty, — 2nd,  5  drops.  Slept  well.  M.,  mucous  cough.  After 
dose  weight  and  discomfort  in  stomach,  slight  drawing  atid  pressive  pain 
in  r,  shoulder.  Forenoon,  frequent  drawing  pains  in  1.  forearm  bones, 
alternating  with  similar  pain  in  shaft  of  r.  tibia. ^ — 3rd,  5  drops.  M.,  cough 
as  usual.  After  dose,  urging  towards  anus.  Forenoon,  frequent  tearing 
in  bones  of  J,  forearm.  Warm  feeling  in  anus. — 4th,  5  drops.  M., 
loose  cough.  Burning  on  r.  leg,  slight  urging  in  hypogastrium,  discharge 
of  flatus,  itching  and  small  pimples  on  occiput,  near  nape, — 5th,  5  drops. 
In  the  n.  and  m.,  violent  cough  with  mucous  expectoration.  After  dose, 
pressure  and  burning  in  stomach.  Forenoon,  short  tearing  in  bones  of 
I.  forearm.  Noon,  pressure  in  both  temples.  After  dinner,  burning  in 
chest.  Much  cough,  mostly  dry,  with  mucous  rales,  but  no  expectora- 
tion. Afternoon  and  c,,  little  cough,  but  much  nasal  mucus. — 6th, 
5  drops.  M.,  loose  cough  and  slight  pain  in  r.  hand  and  bones  of  fore* 
arm.  During  d,,  frequent  loose  cough. — 7th,  10  drops.  On  waking, 
much  mucous  cough.  After  dose,  slight  burning  in  stomach.  A  vesicle 
on  vermilion  of  upper  lip,  that  burns. — 8th,  10  dro{»«  M.,  loose 
cough.  After  rising,  some  pressive  pin  in  r,  side  of  chest.  Much 
flatus  discharged.  Vesicle  on  upper  lip  gone.  Nasty,  bitter,  resinous 
taste.  Dryness  in  fauces.  After  dinner  feeling  of  distension  of  abdomen. 
Peculiar,  burning  itching  in  r,  wrist,  as  from  a  bristly  hair.  E.,  cough 
with  thick  mucous  expectoration. — 9th,  10  drops.  Difficult  waking  in 
m.  After  dose  transient  pinching  psin  in  bowels.  Discharge  of  flatus. 
—  loth,  10  drops,  M.,  mucous  cough.  Insufllcient  stool,  followed  by 
distended  feeling  in  belly.^ — i  ith,  10  drops.  M.,  much  mucous  cough* 
After  rising,  call  to  stool,  but  only  a  little  hard  evacuation  ;  later,  an 
ordinary  stool.  For  several  d.,  occasional  itching  on  occiput,  where 
small  pimples  appear. —  I2th,  10  drops.  All  d.  well,  except  the  usual 
cough. —  13th,  10  drops.  M.,  mucous  cough.  Some  itching  and 
fiore  places  on  hairy  scalp.  After  dose,  emptiness  of  stomach.  Burning 
on  r.  leg.  Some  itching  at  anus. — 14th.  Well,  except  usual  cough. — 
15th,  Changed  to  pure  tincture,  of  which  he  took  2  drops,  in  m. 
Mucous  cough,  slight  pressure  in  stomach.  Sometimes  drawing  pains 
in  fingers,  as  if  in  periosteum.  Sometimes  internal  pains  on  bones  of 
legs. — 1 6th,  3  drops.  M,,  mucous  cough.  Soon  heaviness  in  abdomen, 
|Cspecially  about  navel.  This  soon  went  off,  but  there  came  on  a 
rpecuHar  smell  of  the  tincture. —  17th,  5  drops*  M.,  coughing  up  of 
mucus.  After  breakfast,  heaviness  in  abdomen,  especially  navel,  dis- 
charge of  flatus.  On  the  heavy  feeling  sinking  down  in  belly,  urging  to 
stool,  which  is  firm  and  unsatisfactory. — ^iSth,  m.,  loose  cough.  After 
d<^c,  heavy  feeling  in  stomach,  discharge  of  flatus.     After  breakfast. 


AGARICUS. 


^79 


the  heavy  feeling  descends,  lasts  an  hour,  and  goes  off  without  stool.— 
19th,  10  drops.  AL,  some  mucous  cough*  After  dose,  weight  about 
navel.  Forenoon,  frequent  cough,  dry,  or  with  mucus,  and  pressive 
pain  under  scapula*  Exhaustion  and  much  affected  by  the  air.  Slight 
drawing  about  both  ankles. — 20th,  15  drops,  M.,  usual  cough.  Soon 
after  dose,  slight  pinching  here  and  there  in  belly,  more  in  the  integu- 
ments than  bowels.  Discharge  of  flatus.  After  breakfast,  pressure  in 
stomach  and  transient  burning  in  hypogastrium.  Forenoon,  frequent 
short  cough,  rarely  mucous  expectoration.  Noon,  again  some  abdominal 
pain,  sometimes  in  scalp  at  occiput  tearing,  tensive  sensation.^ — 21st, 
20  drops.  Slept  well,  but  often  ground  teeth  in  sleep,  M,,  some  cough 
with  mucous  expectoration.  After  dose,  disagreeable  feeling  \n  stomach, 
rumbling  in  bowels,  discharge  of  flatus.  Forenoon,  much  mucous 
cough.  Afternoon  and  e.,  frequent  itching  here  and  there  in  body* 
Burning  on  r.  leg, — 22nd,  20  drops.  The  med.  has  a  disagreeable 
taste.  After  breakfast,  slight  searching  in  hypogastrium  with  flatulent 
feeling,  some  mucous  cough. — 23rd,  25  drops,  M.,  some  cough  with 
mucous  expectoration.  Discharge  of  flatus*  Sneezed  several  times. 
After  breakfast,  transient  pressure  and  tension  all  over  chest, ^ — 24th, 
30  drops.  Nothing  but  loose  cough. — 25th,  30  drops.  M.,  loose 
cough.  Soon  after  dose,  rumbling  in  bowels.  Weight  and  bearing- 
down  in  hypogastrium.  Burning  on  r.  leg. — 26th,  30  drops.  iVL, 
occasional  coughing  up  of  mucus.  After  breakfast,  very  disagreeable, 
sweetish  sharp  taste,  weight  in  hypogastrium,  slight  urging  to  stool, 
lumpy  stool,  thereafter  shght  burning  in  anus. — 27 tb,  35  drops.  On 
waking,  frequent  violent  cough,  slight  drawing  about  both  ankle-joints. 
Soon  after  dose,  slight  pinching  in  hypogastrium.  After  breakfast, 
copious  loose  stool,  thereafter  slight  tenderness  and  flatulent  feeling  in 
hypogastrium.  Bad  taste.  11  a.m.  A  second  semi-fluid  stool.  After 
dinner,  great  distension  of  abdomen. — 28th,  35  drops.  M.,  some  loose 
cough.  Sore  pain  on  anterior  surface  of  chest,  especially  r.  side,  near 
sternum,  as  if  under  ribs.  Soon  afterwards,  loose  stool,  when  the  pain 
in  chest  went  off,  but  beneath  navel,  in  a  spot  the  size  of  the  fist,  a 
feeling  of  weight  and  kneading  together,  lasting  i  h. — 29th,  35  drops. 
M.,  mucous  cough.  Noon,  painful  drawing  in  occiput,  which  went  uff 
for  a  couple  of  h.  at  noon,  but  came  back  after  dinner.  For  some  d, 
the  skin  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  lips  is  apt  to  come  off"  when  smoking 
cigars. — 30th,  40  drops.  Some  discharge  of  flatus  and  feeling  of  weight 
in  hypogastrium.  Disagreeable  sweetish  taste.  Some  loose  cough, 
rumbling  in  hypogastrium.  Forenoon,  when  sitting,  a  disagreeable 
drawing  and  tearing  in  shafts  of  long  bones  of  upper  and  lower 
extremities,  occasional  tiresome  dryness  of  mouth  and  fauces,  which 
parts  are  sensitive  to  the  air. — 31st,  40  drops.  M.,  loose  cough.  Soon 
heaviness  in  hypogastrium,  discharge  of  flatus, —  1st  Aug.,  40  drops. 
Soon,  feeling  of  flatulent  distension  and  pressure  in  hypogastrium. 
Cigar  tastes  bad.  Coughing  of  mucus.  E,,  disagreeable  sensation  in 
fore  part  of  urethra,  along  glans,  making  him  press  the  part,^ — 2nd, 
40  drops.  M.,  coughing  of  mucus,  flatulent  distension  in  abdomen, 
transient  lightness  of  chest.  After  dinner,  short  dry  cough. — 3rd, 
45  drops.     Immediately  slight  transicjit  burning  pain  in  hypogastrium. 


i8o 


'AGARICUS, 


Some  mucous  cough  ;  discharge  of  flatus. — 4^h,  50  drops,  M,,  mucous 
cough.  Epithelium  on  inside  of  upper  lip  detached  in  flakes.  Two  h. 
after  dose,  pressure  and  burning  in  stomach,  lasting  i  h.,  then  feeling 
of  weight  and  distension  in  abdomen*  This  lasts  a  short  time^  and  is 
replaced  by  feeling  of  emptiness. — 5th,  50  drops.  M.,  mucous  cough. 
Discharge  of  flatus.  Soon  after  dose,  feeling  of  weight  in  hypogastrium. 
Forenoon,  when  walking,  for  1  h*  a  kind  of  pointed  pricking  from  within 
outwards  on  lower  half  of  chest  and  abdominal  integuments, — 6th  and 
7th^  50  drops.  Nothing  but  mucous  cough,  and  discharge  of  flatus. — 8th, 
50  drops.  M.,  twice  coughed  up  mucus.  A  hard,  unsatisfactory  stool. 
Noon,  disagreeable  sensation  in  anus  like  weight  or  fulness,  goes  off 
when  sitting,^ — 9th,  60  drop.  M.,  coughs  up  mucus.  After  rising, 
copious  stool,  soon  afterwards  transient  feeling  of  weight  in  hypo- 
gastrium.  Forenoon,  when  walking,  great  thirst. —  luth,  60  drops. 
M,,  coughs  up  mucus.  On  waking,  I.  semilateral  headache,  going  off 
on  rising.  After  dose,  burning  in  stomach  and  weight  in  abdomen, 
burning  on  r,  leg.  E.,  on  undressing,  finds  on  back  two  tnfl.imed 
pimples,  which  on  being  pressed  exude  bloody  pus — llth,  60  drops. 
M.,  coughs  up  mucus,  copious  loose  stools,  thereafter  slight  burning  at 
anus.  Occasional  tension  in  scalp.  After  dinner,  discharge  of  flatus* 
An  inflamed  pimple  on  r.  check, — 12th,  60  drops.  M.,  mucous  cough. 
After  dinner,  short  dry  cough. — 13th,  65  drops.  M.,  coughs  up  mucus  ; 
all  forenoon,  copious  sweat.— 14th,  70  drops,  M.,  coughs  up  thick 
mucus,  slight  burning  in  stomach,  weight  in  abdomen,  loose  stool 
followed  by  slight  burning  at  anus.  Forenoon,  great  thirst  for  beer. 
After  dinner  frequent,  short,  dry  cough. — 15th,  70  drops.  M.,  coughs 
up  mucus.  After  dose,  warm  feeling  in  stomach,  eructation  of  air  j 
on  back  an  inflamed  pimple,  which  when  pressed  exudes  much  pus* 
On  hairy  scalp  several  spots  covered  with  thin  scabs. — i6th,  75  drops* 
M,,  coughs  up  mucus.  After  dose,  discharge  of  flatus,  weight  in 
hypogastrium, —  17th,  80  drops.  Difficulty  of  waking.  Coughs  up 
mucus.  After  breakfast,  weight  in  abdomen.  Transient  feeling  of 
creeping  and  running  through  all  nerves,  proceeding  from  abdomen. 
Burning  in  skin  of  r.  leg.  Forenoon,  when  walking,  very  much 
fatigued,  E.,  after  drinking  a  glass  of  beer  and  smoking  a  cigar, 
became  suddenly  sick,  must  vomit  up  dinner  undigested.  Soon  after- 
wards felt  well,  very  hungry,  ate  and  drank  without  further  symptoms. 
^i8th,  80  drops.  Slept  well,  but  perspired  much  at  night.  On  waking, 
severe  cough  with  expectoratiou  of  thick  mucus.  Soon  after  dose, 
weight  and  tension  in  hypogastrium.  Occasional  cough  during  d.^ 
19th,  85  drops.  Awoke  frequently  at  n,  by  violent  fits  of  coughing, 
Soon  after  dose,  weight  in  hypogastrium ;  flatus  present,  but  not 
discharged.  Urging  towards  anus.— 20th,  85  drops.  Coughed  much 
at  n.,  perspired.  Immediately  after  dose,  weight  under  navel,  urging  of 
flatus,  thereafter  rumbling  in  bowels,  whereupon  the  feeling  of  weight 
goes  off, — 21st.  Two  such  violent  fits  of  coughing  in  the  n.,  each  of 
which  lasted  i  h.,  that  he  took  no  med.  The  cough  was  provoked 
by  tickling  in  trachea,  was  generally  dry,  but  sometimes  with  mucous 
expectoration.  After  rising  and  during  d.  very  little  cough,  but  in  the 
c.  had  several  violent  coughs. — aand,  85  drops.     Having  coughed  but 


AGARICUS. 


little  during  the  n.,  resumed  the  proving.  Soon  after  dose,  oppression 
of  chest  and  slight  coughing  up  of  mucus, — zyd^  90  drops.  M.,  some 
loose  cough,  pres&ive  pain  in  1,  forehead*  Pressure  on  chest.  Taste 
disagreeable,  sweet,  resinous.  A  small  loose  stool,  followed  by  weight 
about  navel.  Forenoon,  great  thirst. — 24th,  95  drops.  M.^  a  little 
coughing  of  mucus.  After  dose,  weight  in  abdomen,  scanty,  half-liquid 
stool,  slight  pressure  on  chest.  Burning  on  r,  leg.  Forenoon,  a  second 
similar  stooU  After  dinner,  great  burning  on  r.  leg.  Forenoon  and 
afternoon,  though  had  eaten  well  at  noon,  very  nasty,  sweet  nauseous 
taste.  Afternoon,  frequent  coughing  of  mucus,  with  feeling  of  weight 
on  chest, — 25th,  100  drops.  Immediately,  weight  and  tension  in 
abdomen*  Aker  breakfast,  a  scanty,  loose  stool.  Thereafter  feeling  of 
flatulence  in  abdomen.  This  goes  off  after  a  while,  and  is  replaced  by 
the  disagreeable  taste.  Burning  in  r.  leg. — 26th,  100  drops.  M,, 
coughing  up  of  mucus.  After  breakfast,  very  disgusting  taste,  an 
insufficient,  semt-fluid  stool,  burning  in  r.  leg,  distension  in  abdomcn« 
Well  during  d.  E.,  great  itching  on  back,  where  several  small,  red, 
slightly  elevated  points  appear.  The  itching  lasted  J  h. — 27th,  too 
drops.  M.,  hardly  any  cough.  Some  rumbling  in  bowels,  discharge 
of  flatus.  After  breakfast,  tension  over  chest,  as  though  it  could  not 
be  sufficiently  expanded.  A  copious  loose  stool,  followed  by  flatulent 
feeling  in  abdomen,  and  then  slight  shooting  from  within  outwards, 
through  abdominal  integuments,  as  though  in  peritoneum,  which  soon 
goes  off. — 28th,  100  drops.  M,,  only  coughed  mucus  twice.  This 
cough,  which  he  had  throughout  the  proving,  was  peculiar.  It  comes 
on  suddenly,  is  so  violent  that  it  cannot  be  suppressed  easily ;  several 
coughs  follow  one  another,  which  cause  him  to  cower  together, 
and  bring  the  tears  to  his  eyes  ;  then  the  cough  ceases  for  a  consider- 
able time,  often  half  a  day.  After  the  dose,  rumbling  in  bowels* 
A  copious  soft  stool,  followed  by  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen. 
After  i  h,  bruised  feeling,  pain  of  the  whole  anterior  thoracic  wall, 
with  some  oppression  of  breathing.  Sweet,  nauseous  taste.  During 
the  d.,  occasional  violent,  jerky  coughs.  Sexual  desire  during  the 
proving  pretty  strong. — 29th,  100  drops.  M.,  mucous  cough.  Soon 
after  dose,  tightness  all  over  the  front  of  chest,  lasting  ^  h.  During 
the  d.  several  times  fine  pricks  on  various  parts  of  skin,  as  with  a 
needle,  nothing  to  be  seen.  Forenoon,  weight  in  abdomen  under  navel. 
Forenoon, some  violent  coughing  fits  with  mucous  expectoration,  between 
whiles  the  chest  is  quite  free. — 30th,  too  drops.  M.,  coughs  mucus. 
Soon  after  dose,  warmth  in  abdomen,  discharge  of  flatus.  A  couple  of 
fine  pricks  through  urethra.  After  h  h,  tightness  over  front  of  chest  with 
some  oppression  of  breath.  A  half-fluid  stool.  Sweetish  nauseous  taste. 
Pncks  through  urethra  again.  Later,  many  fits  of  violent  cough. 
Forenoon,  while  dining,  tensive  pain  in  region  of  bladder.  Little 
appetite  for  dinner.  After  dinner,  very  disagreeable  taste.  Occasional 
very  violent  cough  with  expectoration  of  mucus.  Afternoon  and  e., 
almost  no  cough,  chest  quite  free.  When  walking,  shooting  burning 
pain  in  ankle-joints  in  fits,  also  fine  shooting  in  knee-joints.  The  bad 
taste  frequently  returns,  especially  after  drinking  beer, —31st,  100  drops. 
M,)  a  few  coughs  with   mucus.     Immediately  after  dose  discharge  of 


* 


l82 


AGARICUS. 


flatus.  A  consistent  stool,  afterwards  feeling  of  flatulent  distension  in 
abdomen. —  ist  Sept*,  lOO  drops.  M.,  a  few  slight  coughs  witK 
mucous  expectoration.  After  dose,  discharge  of  flatus.  A  fit  of 
spasmodic  cough  ;  after  a  little  another*  Then  the  chest  becomes 
painful.  After  i  h.  drawing  prcssive  pain  in  legs,  especially  ankles. 
After  a  copious  loose  stool  distension  of  abdomen.  Disgusting  taste. 
During  forenoon,  at  intervals  of  2  or  3  h,,  fits  of  coughing. 
Drawing  in  forearm  occasionally.  Noon,  creeping  and  burning  in 
skin  of  both  legs  from  hip  to  heel. — 2nd,  lOO  drops*  M.,  viulent 
cough  in  fits,  generally  dry.  i  h.  after  breakfast,  extremely  disgusting 
sweetish  resinous  taste  and  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen^  Fore- 
noon, several  convulsive  fits  of  coughing. — 3rd,  100  drops.  M., 
several  coughs  with  mucous  expectorationt  The  cough  resembles 
whooping-cough,  a  deep  whistling  inspiration  is  followed  by  several 
short  shrill-sounding  coughs,  with  cowering  together  of  the  body,  incli- 
nation to  vomit,  tears  in  eyes.  The  epithelium  on  inner  surface  of 
upper  lip  becomes  again  detached  ;  feeling  of  weight  below  navel.  A 
loose,  unsatisfactory  stool,  followed  by  the  disgusting  taste  for  |  h. 
During  d.  several  fits  of  coughing. — 4th.  No  med.  Coughed 
frequently  during  n.  M.,  very  unwell.  Prostration  of  body,  confu- 
sion of  head,  burning  of  eycSy  dryness  of  nose.  After  rising  cough 
returned ;  pressure  and  drawing  pain  in  chest  continues.  After 
a  little,  severe  drawing  in  loins  and  sacrum.  Forenoon,  febrile  ex- 
citation, chiefly  chilliness,  occasional  flushes  of  heat,  severe  headache^ 
especially  in  crown,  now  and  then  fit  of  violent  cough  i  no  thirst* 
After  dinner,  cool  and  sleepy.  After  slumbering  for  i  h.  got  warm 
again,  less  headache,  coughing  fits  rarer,  feels  rather  exhausted.  In  a 
short  time  a  violent  rigor  i  he  lay  doubled  up  on  the  sofa,  Teeth 
chattered,  headache  in  crown  severe,  hands  blue,  no  thirst.  Went  to 
bed,  soon  got  warm,  but  headache  lasted  longer.  Slept  with  interrup- 
tions at  n.,  groaned  much  in  sleep,  and  towards  m.  had  copious 
sweat  with  relief.  The  spasmodic  cough  comes  more  frequently^ 
but  he  could  suppress  it.  But  when  the  cough  did  come  it  was 
so  violent,  shook  him  so  much,  that  he  had  to  sit  up  in  bed,  as  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  his  windpipe  threatened  to  suffocate  him, — 
5th.  No  med.  M.,  well,  except  exhaustion  and  sacral  pain.  On 
rising  much  flatus  discharged.  On  sponging  back  felt  a  peculiar  sensi- 
tiveness along  spine  that  suggested  to  him  spinal  irritation  j  later,  when 
stooping,  a  peculiar  pain  fulness  along  spine,  especially  dorsal  vertebrae. 
(Perhaps  the  cough  was  also  of  spinal  origin.)  During  forenoon,  very 
sensitive  to  cool  air.  Eyeballs  painful  when  touched,  and  moving 
them  was  diflicult  j  they  felt  tight  in  orbits.  After  dinner,  slight  pains 
in  back  and  tightness  over  both  sides  of  chest,  from  baclc  to  front. 
Later,  this  tightness  was  felt  chiefly  in  lumbar  vertebras,  making 
bending  forwards  difficult.  Flush  of  heat  in  face,  with  sweat  on  fore- 
head, h.,  no  fever,  but  had  great  general  illness  and  discomfort.  Drawing 
and  stretching  pain  all  along  spinal  column,  and  occasional  transient 
pains  along  the  course  of  the  spinal  nerves.  Spinal  column  sensitive  to 
touch.  Drawing  and  stretching  on  anterior  surface  of  thighs. —  6th, 
No   med.      Slept   very  ill  -,    the  pains  along  spinal  column   were    so 


AGARICUS. 

violent  that  he  could  find  no  easy  position  in  bed  ;  the  drawing  and 
stretching  pains  in  whole  r.  leg  very  severe.     In  the  n,  great  heat, 

flowing  face,  towards  m.  some  sweat.  At  n.  several  fits  of  coughing. 
'l,y  the  spinal  column  so  sensitive  that  even  leaning  back  in  chair 
caused  pain.  On  upper  lip  several  painful,  not  red  pimples.  During 
forenoon,  chilliness,  constant  disagreeable  sensation  all  over  back, 
especially  in  spinal  column.  The  fibrous  aponeurosis  in  r.  thigh  is 
painfully  tense.  After  dinner,  spine  painful  ;  especially  a  space  about 
the  size  of  a  palm  on  middle  of  spinal  column  is  very  sensitive  to 
touch  and  to  every  movement  of  the  body.  Constant  incitation  to 
cough>  but  the  cough  can  generally  be  suppressed,  but  when  the  cough 
comes  it  is  very  painful,  and  generally  dry.  E.,  backache  slight,  but 
r.  thigh  very  painful.  Almost  no  cough.  Movement  of  eyes  in  their 
orbits  slightly  impeded.  After  supper,  the  back  pains  return. — 7th. 
No  med.  Woke  up  about  midnight  with  such  violent  pains  along 
back,  over  chest,  loins,  in  r.  thigh,  that  he  could  sleep  no  more. 
Tossed  about  in  bed  for  an  h.,  then  got  out  of  bed  at  i  a.m.  Took  2 
drops  of  rhus  tox.  a.  In  i  h.  the  pains  abated,  went  to  bed  and  slept  till 
m.,  getting  into  profuse  perspiration.  M.,  exhausted,  on  rising  slight 
backache,  copious  loose  stool  with  discharge  of  much  flatus.  Fits  of 
coughing  rare.  Noon,  back  pains  pretty  severe,  presjjurc  in  ^yes. 
Afternoon,  well  except  a  few  short  fits  of  coughing. — 8th,  No  med. 
The  effects  of  the  agar,  seem  to  be  at  an  end.  Almost  no  cough  in 
the  n.  J  only  the  slightest  trace  of  pain  in  back  and  legs.  During  the 
d.  coughed  several  times,  and  after  every  cough  sneezed  several  times 
in  succession. — 9th.  Coughed  a  few  times  on  waking,  and  expectorated 
mucus.  Some  spots  on  head  painful  to  the  touch.  During  the  d. 
several  violent  but  short  fits  of  spasmodic  cough. — loth,  100  drops. 
M.,  several  violent  coughs  with  little  expectoration.  A  copious  loose 
stool,  thereafter  a  violent  fit  of  coughing,  with  inclination  to  vomit  and 
tears.  Very  disgusting  taste  lasting  all  day,  and  great  tendency  to 
spasmodic  cough,  especially  when  smoking. — i  ith,  100  drops.  In  the 
n.  such  a  violent  fit  of  coughing  that  he  had  to  sit  up  in  bed,  and  for  a 
long  time  could  not  get  his  breath.  After  breakfast,  distension  of 
abdomen,  discharge  of  flatus.  After  every  fit  of  coughing  violent 
sneezing. — 12th.  No  med.  Wakeful  from  1.30  till  2.30  a.m. 
tJn  waking  in  m.  violent  dry  cough,  with  burning  in  eyes.  After 
rising,  pains  in  chest,  burning  under  sternum.  Sweats  profusely  on 
legs  at  n.  During  d.  frequent  violent  coughing,  with  pain  under 
sternum. — 13th,  100  drops.  M.,  coughed  several  times,  but  not  so 
violently.  After  breakfast,  pressive  burning  pain  under  sternum. 
Several  violent  fits  of  coughing,  ending  in  sneezing. —  14th,  100  drops. 
M.,  several  violent  coughs  with  expectoration  of  mucus.  After  break- 
fast, sore  pain  under  sternum.  After  a  loose  stool  burning  at  anus. 
When  smoking,  disgusting  taste,  feeling  of  flatulent  distension  of 
abdomen. —  15th,  100  drops.  M.,  loose  cough.  Soon  after  dose  dis- 
comfort in  stomach.  Eructation  of  air,  weight  and  tightness  in  scro- 
biculus  cordis,  then  drawing  and  tension  in  occiput  lasting  all  fore- 
noon* Occasional  violent  fits  of  coughing. —  i6th.  No  med.  Slept  ill 
owing  to  pressive  pain  in  crown.     While  lying  awake  grew  suddenly 


AGARICUS. 


F%cary  of  life  that  death  appeared  desirable^  though  there  was  not  the 
slightest  moral  cause  for  this  feeling.  After  dinner  bctjan  to  cough 
and  sneeze  so  violently  that  he  had  to  cry  out, —  i7th.  No  oicd.  M*, 
coughed  a  few  times^  followed  by  sneezing.  After  dinner  violctic 
fits  of  coughing  followed  by  sneezing*  The  sneezing  follows  the 
coughing  so  rapidly  that  he  often  cannot  tell  which  is  which.  The 
nasal  secretion  is  increased, — l8th,  loo  drops.  M.,  several  coughs  and 
sneezes,  later  some  fits  of  coughing  with  retching. —  19th,  100  drops, 
M,  coughed  several  times  with  mucous  expectoration. — 27th.  The  last 
week  was  spent  in  the  country,  and  no  med,  taken.  Remained 
pretty  well,  but  was  troubled  with  severe  headache  on  r.  side,  and 
almost  all  the  time  with  cough  of  the  usual  kind, — 28ih,  100  drops* 
X)uring  d,  several  sudden  fits  of  coughing. — 29tb,  100  drops,  M.> 
ccasional  coughing  o(  the  same  kind  as  before.     After  breakfast,  di$. 

^comfort  in  hypogastrium-  Afternoon,  frequent  violent  fits  of  coughing^ 
followed  by  sneezing, — ^30th,  100  drops.  Snoring  and  wheezing  in 
chest  during  sleep.     On  waking  frequent  *loose  cough  and  blowing  of 

^tnucus  from  nose.  During  d,  repeated  coughing. — ist  Oct,,  too 
drops,  M  ,  coughing  and  sneezing.  A  copious  loose  stool,  afterwards 
some  pinching  in  bowels,  discharge  of  flatus.  During  d.  several  fits 
of  violent  cough,  with  little  expectoration.  Afternoon,  a  fit  of 
coughing  with  vomiting. — 2nd,  100  drops.  Several  fits  of  coughing 
during  d, — 3rd,  lOO  drops,  M.,  mucous  cough.  Forenoon,  blowing 
of  mucus  from  nose.  Noon,  very  violent  cough,  with  repeated  sneezing. 
Afternoon,  fits  of  coughing,— 4th,  too  drops.  Mucous  rattles  in 
chest  at  n.  M.,  raucous  cough.  During  d,  several  violent  fits  ot 
coughing,  generally  with  mucous  expectoration, — 5th,  100  drops. 
Mucous  rattles  in  chest  at  n.  M.,  cough  with  mucus. — 6th  and  7th* 
No  med.  Occasional  fits  of  coughing, — 8th,  100  drops.  When  lying 
on  back  mucous  rales  are  heard,  coughs  occasionally,  sometimes  with 
mucous  expectoration.  When  he  yields  to  the  cough  it  becomes  so 
violent  that  he  must  cower  together,  tears  come  out  of  eyes,  and  saliva 
is  ejected  from  mouth.  Afternoon,  itching  on  crown,  where  there  are 
several  spots  with  narrow  borders. — 9th,  100  drops.  Some  severe 
cough  at  n.  After  dose,  pressure  in  stomach,  discharge  of  fiatus. 
Forenoon,  several  violent  fits  of  coughing. —  loth,  100  drops.  M,, 
mucous  rales  in  chest.  Then  several  violent  fits  of  coughing,  but  rarely 
expectoration.  A  firm  stool,  followed  by  burning  at  anus.  For 
several  d.  the  urine  after  standing  a  short  time  has  become  turbid. — 
nth,  100  drops.  When  asleep  perspired  profusely  in  r.  leg,  mucous 
rales  in  chest,  M.,  cough  with  little  expectoration.  On  awaking, 
severe  pain  in  I.  maxillary  joint,  he  can  scarcely  open  mouth  ;  later 
it  is  relieved,  but  does  not  go  quite  away.  Much  discharge  of  flatus. 
During  d,  frequent  fits  of  coughing.  On  crown  many  small  painful 
pimples,  as  also  on  back. — 12th,  no  drops.  M.,  occasional  cough  with 
mucus,  pain  in  1.  maxillary  joint  still  there,  but  not  so  severe  as 
yesterday  ;  it  is  most  felt  when  opening  the  mouth  wide  as  in  yawning. 
— 13th,  120  drops.  M.,  occasional  coughing  of  mucus.  Soon  after 
dose  discharge  of  wind  upwards  and  downwards.  During  d-  occasional 
violent  cough.     Pain  in  jaw  much  less. —  14th,  130  drops.     M,;,  loose 


AGARICUS. 


Its 


cough.  Pain  in  jaw  gone.  During  d.  several  fits  of  coughing.  Spots 
on  crown. — ^i5th,  140  drops.  M.,  some  mucous  expectoration.  Soon 
after  dose  transient  weight  in  abdomen.  Forenoon,  several  violent  fits 
of  coughing. — 16th,  150  drops.  M.^  mucous  cough.  During  d, 
several  fits  of  coughing, — J  7th,  150  drops.  M,,  a  few  loose  coughs. 
Burning  on  skin  of  r.  leg.  Burning  on  crown  after  breakfast,  weight 
in  abdomen,  which  goes  oiF  after  a  copious  loose  stool. — ^iHth,  150 
drops.  M*,  coughed  a  few  times.  After  breakfast,  weight  in  hypo- 
gastrium.  During  d.  several  fits  of  spasmodic  cough, —  19th,  160  drops, 
M,,  a  few  loose  coughs.  Forenoon,  several  fits  of  coughing  ending 
with  sneezing.  Much  mucus  blown  from  nose. — 20th,  170  drops. 
M.,  several  loose  coughs.  Immediately  after  dose  rumbling  in  stomach 
and  bowels,  wind  discharged  upwards  and  downwards.  Weight  under 
navel.  Hot  fecline  in  head,  especially  crown^  also  in  eyes.  A  copious 
loose  stool,  followed  by  voluptuous  itching,  then  burning,  in  anus.  For 
some  time  copious  secretion  of  ear-wax. —  21st,  180  drops.  M,,  loose 
cough,  itching  on  hairy  scalp.  Noon,  pressure  and  discomfort  in 
abdomen,  especially  about  navel.  Forenoon,  several  violent  coughs. 
Noon,  great  itching  in  anus  and  burning  in  r.  leg. — 22nd,  180  drops. 
After  dose,  burning  in  stomach,  then  weight  in  abdomen.  After 
breakfast,  very  disagreeable  sensation  in  stomach,  as  of  pressure  and 
burning,  thereafter  rumbling  in  bowels.  All  forenoon  peculiar  un- 
easiness in  stomach  and  abdomen. — 23rd,  200  drops.  At  n.  very 
little  cough.  After  breakfast,  distension  of  abdomen,  bad  taste. 
During  d,  occasional  spasmodic  cough. — 24th,  200  drops.  Great 
sexual  excitement.  After  breakfast,  distension  and  weight  in  abdomen. 
Cough  with  sneezing — 25th,  210  drops.  Slight  cough.  M.,  after 
the  dose  emission  of  flatus.  Burning  in  stomach,  then  gradually  in 
bowels.  All  forenoon  constant  discomfort  in  abdomen  with  distension. 
Slight  burning  in  anus. — 26th,  210  drops.  M,,  pressive  pain  in  crown. 
Forenoon,  after  eating  plums,  pressure  in  stomach,  great  confusion  of 
head. — 27th,  2io  drops.  M.,  mucous  cough.  After  breakfast,  weight 
in  hypogastrium.  Emission  of  flatus,  some  fits  of  coughing  during  d, 
— 28th,  220  drops.  Vague  sexual  desire,  M,,  mucus  in  chest* 
During  d.,  some  violent  hts  of  coughing. — 29th,  230  drops,  imme- 
diately after  dose  scrapy  feeling  in  throat.  Weight  in  hypog^astrium. 
All  forenoon  indescribable  discomfort.  Little  cough.  Afternoon,  acute 
pain  in  a  corn. — 30th,  230  drops.  M.,  occasional  mucous  cough. 
Eruption  of  vesicles  on  upper  lip.  Forenoon,  some  fits  of  coughing, — 
31st,  240  drops.  After  breakfast,  weight  in  hypogastrium.  Emission 
of  flatus.  Several  coughs  with  mucous  expectoration.  A  loose  stool, 
followed  by  rumbling  in  bowels.  Eructation  of  air,  later  weight  in 
hypogastrium. — 1st  Nov.,  240  drops.  Coughed  several  times,  with 
expectoration  of  mucus.  After  breakfast,  weight  and  discomfort  in 
abdomen,  rumbling  in  bowels.  Emission  of  flatus.  Forenoon,  when 
silting,  slight  oppression  and  stitches  in  chest. — 2nd,  250  drops.  M,, 
some  mucous  cough.  After  dose,  emission  of  flatus. — 3rd,  230  drops. 
Mucous  cough,  m.  After  breakfast,  weight  in  hypogastrium.  Fore- 
noon, repeated  but  momentary  attacks  of  vertigo,  more  in  open 
air,  less  in  room.      Noon,  slight  pinching  in  belly,  emission  of  flatus. 


i86 


AGARIC  US. 


I 
\ 


I 


» 


After  dinner,  burning  In  r,  leg. — 4th,  260  drops.  M.,  mucous  cough. 
After  dose,  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen>  emission  of  flatus. — 51b, 
27a  drops.  Mo  itching  on  head,  mucous  cough.  After  breakfkst^ 
weight  in  stomach  and  hypogastrium.  Pressure  in  na^al  hones.  All 
d.  frequent,  exhausting,  mostly  dry  cough. — 6th,  270  drops.  M., 
mucous  cough.  Burning  tn  r.  leg.  After  breaklast,  discomfort  ia 
stomach,  yery  bad  taste. — 7th.  No  med.  Though  more  mcd.  has 
been  taken  the  last  period,  not  only  did  no  new  symptoms  appear,  but 
the  former  ones  gradually  disappeared. — 8th.  No  med.  M ,  some 
mucous  cough .^-9th.  No  mcd.  Cough  entirely  gone. — loth.  No  mcd. 
Occasional  spasmodic  cough. — nth.  No  med.     Cough  slighter, 

^,  22nd. — As  health  was  completely  restored,  commenced  trials  of 
the  10,  dil.  M,,  to  drops.  Soon,  emission  of  Batus* — 23rd,  10  drops. 
M.,  very  violent  pressive  drawing  pains  in  1.  tibia,  slight  pinching  in 
bowels.  After  breakfast,  rumbling  in  bowels,  eructation  of  air.  Fore- 
noon, when  walking,  pains  in  tibia  disappeared,  but  returned,  noon, 
when  sitting. — 24th,  10  drops.  M.,  pain  in  I.  tibia  i  forenoon,  when 
walking,  this  went  offi  noon,  returned  for  a  short  time.  Afternoon^ 
tiequent  violent  cough*  £.,  severe  burning  pain  on  dorsum  of  1.  foot. 
— 25th,  10  drops.  M.,  severe  pains  in  1.  tibia.  After  breaker,  rum* 
bling  in  bowels,  emission  of  flatus.  Forenoon,  frequent,  very  violent 
cough.  E.,  when  sitting  severe  pains  in  dorsum  of  I.  foot. — 26tb, 
10  drops.  M.,  soon  pains  begin,  last  all  forenoon  with  intermis* 
sions,  worst  at  noon,  diminish  afternoon  and  e.  These  pains  are 
chiefly  in  1.  tibia,  but  appear  sometimes  in  1.  elbow.  The  pains 
arc  relieved  in  warmth  of  bed,^27th.  No  med.  M.^  the  pains 
returned,  but  more  in  r.  than  L  tibia.  Occasional  cough  dunng  the 
d.  E.,  pains  in  leg,  but  slighter. — 28th.  No  med*  M.,  quite  well, 
later  slight  pains  in  both  tibiie. — 29th,  lo  drops.  During  d.  occasional 
cough  and  slight  pain  in  r.  leg. — 3othj  10  drops.  Immediately,  emis- 
sion of  flatus,  some  tenderness  in  tibiae,  but  no  pain.  During  d.  occa- 
sional cough. — ist  December,  10  drops.  M.,  on  rising,  slight  pains  in 
tibia, — 2nd,  10  drops.  Soon  after  rising,  pains  in  both  tibiae,  which 
soon  went  off. — 3rd,  10  drops.  M.,  slight  mucous  cough,  emission  of 
flatus. — 4th,  10  drops,  M.,  emission  of  flatus,  burning  pain  in  r.  leg, 
as  if  an  ulcer  would  form,  eructation  of  air. — 5th,  10  drops.  M., 
burning  on  both  legs,  which  went  off  when  got  up. — ^6th,  10  drops.  M,, 
burning  on  r,  leg, — 7th,  lo  drops.  M.,  emission  of  much  flatus,  dis- 
tension of  abdomen. — 8th.  No  med.  On  waking,  griping  in  bowels, 
diminished  after  a  copious  stool,  but  rumbh'ng  in  bowels  for  some  time 
afterwards. — 9th,  10  drops  of  gx  dil.  Forenoon,  well.  After  dinner, 
severe  burning  pains  on  r.  leg,  loth,  10  drops.  After  dose  much 
flatus  emitted  j  corn  on  r,  little  toe  very  painful.  Noon,  slight  griping 
in  belly. — nth,  10  drops.  M.,  much  flatus  discharged.  Proximal 
joints  of  r.  index  and  middle  finger  red  and  sensitive  to  touch, — 12th, 
10  drops.  Redness  of  finger  joints  gone.  Noon,  great  pain  in  corn 
of  r.  little  toe. — 13th,  10  drops.  No  symptoms. —  14th,  10  drops. 
Some  burning  on  r.  leg.  Afternoon,  severe  pain  in  corn  of  r.  foot. — 
f5th,  10  drops.  No  symptoms. — 16th,  m.,  pressing  pain  on  crown, 
burning  in  r.  calf.     Afternoon,  for  an  h,  tearing  burning  in  r.  thumb| 


AGARICUS. 


187 


a  pustule  in  whisker. — 1 7th,  10  drops  of  8x  diL  M.,  occasfonal  mucous 
cough.  Forenoon,  such  severe  pain  in  corn  of  r,  foot  he  must  limp. 
E,,  when  sitting,  corn  still  very  painful.  Later  when  writing,  a  noise 
in  1.  ear  like  a  distant  bell. — i8th,  10  drops.  M,,  in  bed,  pain  \n  corns. 
After  breakfast,  great  discharge  of  flatus. — 19th,  to  drops.  M,,  repeated 
mucous  cough, ^ — ^20th,  ro  drops.  Immediately  pinching  in  belly 
relieved  by  emission  of  flatus. — 2Tst,  lo  drops.  M.,  pain  in  r.  leg. 
Little  cough.  22nd,  10  drops,  formication  in  r.  leg.  Great  discharge 
of  flatus. — 23rd,  10  drops.  Emission  of  flatus.  Forenoon,  coughed 
occasionally, — 24th,  10  drops.  Soon^  weight  and  pressing  down  in 
hypogastrium,  burning  on  r,  leg. — 25th,  10  drops  of  7X  dil.  M.,  mucous 
cough.  Weight  and  burning  in  r.  leg.  Discharge  of  flatus,  E., 
burning  on  r.  leg. — 26th»  to  drops.  M.,  severe  mucous  cough.  During 
d.  occasional  burning  on  r.  leg, — 27th,  10  drops.  After  rising  some 
tension  in  r.  leg.  Discharge  of  flatus. — 28th,  10  drops.  Hardly  any 
cough.  After  breakfast  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen,  discharge  of 
flatus. — 29th,  10  drops-  Discharge  of  flatus^  weight  in  abdomen, 
burning  on  r,  leg. — 30th,  10  drops.  On  waking,  sudden  call  to  stool, 
evacuation  of  large,  tough,  sticky  excrement,  after  which  rumbling  in 
bowels,  burning  in  r.  leg.  During  d.,  slight  hardness  of  hearing  of  1. 
ear — 31st,  10  drops.  Perspiration  on  legs. — ist  January.  No  med. 
No  symptoms. — 2nd,  10  drops.  M.,  occasional  mucous  cough.  After 
breakfast,  weight  in  hypogastrium. — ^3rd,  10  drops  of  6x  dil.  M.,  little 
cough.  Severe  pain  in  corn,— 4th,  10  drops.  M.»  occasional  mucous 
cough. — 5th,  10  drops.  M,,  great  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen. 
Noon,  sudden  violent  pains  in  1.  side  of  chest,  over  a  hand's  breadth 
space,  lasting  more  than  an  h,,  then  suddenly  disappearing.^ — ^6th,  10 
drops.  Distension  and  rumbling  in  bowels. — 7th>  10  drops.  M., 
severe  sacral  pain,  drawing,  stretching.  After  breakfast,  very  bad, 
bitter,  resinous  taste. — 8th,  ro  drops.  Some  burning  on  r.  leg.— ^th, 
10  drops.  Severe  pains  in  r.  corn. —  lOth,  10  drops.  No  symptoms, 
— nth,  to  drops.  Occasional  mucous  cough- — 12th,  10  drops  of 
8x  dil.  M.,  mucous  cough.  Great  discharge  of  flatu'^. —  13th,  lo 
drops.  M.,  pressive  pain  in  crown,  repeated  sneezing,  discharge  of 
flatus. — 14th,  m.,  mucous  cough.  Soon  after  dose  great  rumbling  in 
bowels, — 15th,  10  drops.  After  breakfast,  distension  and  rumbling  in 
abdomen. — i6th,  ro  drops.  Tearing  in  L  shoulder. — r  7th,  10  drops. 
M.,  great  discharge  of  flatus. —  18th,  id  drops  of  4X  dil.  Soon,  slight 
pinching  in  abdomen,  discharge  of  flatus. — r9th,  JO  drops.  Forenoon, 
occasional  pressure  in  umbilical  region.  Frequent  fatiguing,  dry  cough, 
caused  by  irritation  in  trachea. — 20th,  10  drops*  M,,  on  waking, 
violent,  aching,  pressing  pain  in  crown,  going  off  gradually  in  open  air. 
— 2 1st,  ro  drops.  M.,  great  disch^irge  of  flatus. — 22nd,  ro  drops. 
The  corn  on  r.  little  toe  very  painful.  After  breakfast,  distension  of 
abdomen,  rumbling  in  bowels. — 23rd,  10  drops.  After  breakfast, 
rumbling  in  bowels  ;  discharge  of  flatus. — 24th  and  25th,  10  drops. 
No  symptoms. — 26th,  lo  drops  of  3X  dil,  M.,  pressure  in  facial  bones, 
especially  orbit.  Dryness  of  nose,  burning  in  r.  leg,  discharge  of  flatus, 
— 27th,  10  drops.  Rumbling  in  bowels,  eructation  of  air,  discharge  of 
jacus* — 28th,   10  drops.     M,,  great  discharge  of  flatus.     After  dose, 


AGARICUS. 


flatulent  distension  and  tenderness  in   abdomen,  great  paina  in  r.  com. 
Pressure  in  stomach. — 29th,  10  drops.     M.,  much   flatus  discharged, 
n,,  occasional   tearing  pain  in   r.   tibia, — 30th.     No  med»     M.,  paia 
in  r.  tibia. — Jist,  10  drops.     M.,  in  bed,  frequent  violent  cough  with 
phlegm.     Some   burning  in  r.  tibia, — 1st  February,    10  drops.     M., 
cough   with  phlegm.     After   dose,   rumbling    in   bowels. — 2nd,     No 
mcd-     All  d.  wclL — 3rd,  10  drops.     After  dose,  distension  of  abdomen. 
Koon,  transient  pressure  in  anus.^ — ^4th,  to  drops.     M.,  drawing  in  r. 
leg.     Repeated  violent  cough. — '5th,  10  drops*     After  dose,  eructation 
of  air,  discharge  of  6atus.     Burning  and  sore  pain  in  skin  of  r,   hand 
from  wrist  to  thumb  and  index,  nothing  to  be  seen,  but  part  so  icr 
that  mere  stroking  with   finger  caused  pain*     Noon,  heat  and  iter     .. 
in  anus. — 6th,  10  drops,     M*,  great  discharge  of  Hatus.     Cough  with 
phlegm.     After  dinner,  qualmishness  in  stomach,  rumbling  in  bowels. 
— 7th,  10  drops.     N.,  repeated  violent  cough.     After  dose,  discharge 
of  flatus.     Afternoon,  frequent  pressure  in  chest,  here  and  there,  swel- 
ling of  neck,  feeling  as  if  neckcloth  were  too  light.^ — 8th,  10  drope, 
2x  dil.     N,,  many  vivid  dreams.     Immediately  after  dose,  weight  in 
abdomen.     During  d.,  severe  pains   in   corn,  occasional  cough.     £., 
great   distension  of  abdomen^   rumbling  in   bowels. ^ — 9th,    10   drops. 
After  dose,  distension  of   abdomen,  discharge  of    flatus.      Repeated 
cough  with  phlegm. — loth,  10  drops.     M,,  discharge  of  flatus.     Cough 
with  phlegm. — 1  ith,  10  drops.     Woke  with   headache,  from  aching^ 
pressing,    limited    to   crown.     This   went    off  gradually  after   risineH 
Cough   with    phlegm.       Discharge  of   flatus. — ^iith.    No   med,     M., 
repeated    cough  with    phlegm,    burning    in    r.    leg. —  13th.    No  mcd, 
M,,  cough  with    phlegm.— 14th,   10  drops,  2x  dil.     M.,  cough    with 
phlegm.     Noon,  rumbling   in   bowels,  slight  pinching  about  navel. — 
15th,   10  drops.     M.,   cough   with  phlegm.      After   dose,  weight   in 
hypc»gastrium. —  i6th,    lO   drops.     Profuse   perspiration   on   leg.     M., 
cough  with  phlegm.     A  small  vesicular  eruption  on  r,  ala  nasi. —  17th, 
10  drops.     On  waking  violent  aching  pain  in  crown,  relieved  by  rising  ; 
discharge  of  flatus.     Burning  on   r.   leg.     Blows  much   mucus   from 
nose. —  iBth,  lo  drops.     After  breakfast,  great  flatulent  distension  of 
abdomen.     Burning  on  r,  leg.     After  dinner,  distension  of  abdomen. 
— 19th,  10  drops  of  I,  diL     Woke  with  pinching  in  belly,  followed  by 
two  liquid  stools.     Perspired  profusely  at  n.,  especially  on  legs.     After 
breakfast,  again   pinching    in  bowels. — 20th,   10  drops.      After  dose, 
flatulent  distension  of  abdomen.     After  breakfast,  severe  pinching  tn 
hypogastrium.~2ist,   jo  drops*     After  dose,  pinching   in  bowels.^ — 
22nd,    10  drops.     M,,  cough  with    phlegm,      A   copious  loose  stool. 
Forenoon,  frequent  distension  and  discomfort  in  abdomen. — 23rd,  jo 
drops.     After  dose,  griping  in  belly,  pain  in  crown. — 24th,  10  drops. 
Soon  after  dose,  distension   of  abdomen,  slight   rumbling   in  bowels.^ 
Burning  sore  feeling  on  back  of  r.    hand   near  wrist   for  some  hourM 
Afterwards  same  sensation   on   1.  hand. — 25th,  lO  drops.     M,,  some* 
mucous  cough.     Immediately  after  dose,  the  usual  peculiar  sensation  of 
flatulent  distension  and  weight  \n  abdomen.     Some  relief  by  discharge 
of  Hatus.     Atter  dinner,  weight  and  slight  pinching  in  abdomen,  wit^ 
iacftcctual  urging  of  flatus  against  anus. — 26th,  10  drops.     Soon  after 


AGARICUS, 


189 


dose,  pressure  and  rumbling  in  bowels.  M.,  some  mucous  cough.— 
27th,  10  drops*  Soon  after  dose,  great  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen^ 
discharge  of  much  inodorous  flatus.  An  h*  after  breakfast  sensation  of 
burning  and  twisting  in  stomach. — 28th,  10  drops,  M.,  mucous  cou^h, 
itching  in  scalp,  discharge  of  flatus  i  noon,  weight  in  abdomen. — 29th, 
5  drops  of  tincture.  Immediately  weight  tn  abdomen,  urging  of  flatus 
against  anus.  After  a  while  empty  feeling  in  stomach. —  ist  March, 
5  drops*  After  dose,  weight  in  abdomen,  discharge  of  flatus.  Some 
mucous  cough.  Forenoon,  frequent  sneezing.  Noon,  drawing  pain 
in  both  tibiae. — 2nd,  10  drops.  After  dose,  discomfort  in  stomach, 
discharge  of  flatus.  During  d.  occasional  cough. ^ — 3rd,  10  drops. 
After  dose,  slight  pinching^  discharge  of  flatus. — ^^th,  15  drops.  Imme- 
diately distension  and  weight  in  abdomen.  After  breakfast,  slight 
pinching,  flow  of  water  in  mouth,  some  transient  tearing  in  shaft  of  r, 
ulna,  also  in  r.  tibia  ;  attack  of  nausea. — 5th,  15  drops.  Soon,  pressure 
and  nausea  in  stomach  ;  tension  in  abdomen  ;  flow  of  water  in  mouth. — 
6th,  15  drops.  After  breakfast,  for  some  time  distension  of  abdomen. 
— 7th,  20  drops.  M,,  mucous  cough.  After  dose,  and  especially 
after  breakfast,  nausea,  very  bad  taste.  Distension  of  abdomen. — 8th, 
20  drops.  M,,  some  burning  on  r.  leg. — gth^  20  drops.  After  dose, 
weight  in  abdomen,  discharge  of  flatus. — loth,  20  drops.  After  dose, 
pressure  and  weight  in  stomach. — nth,  30  drops.  After  dose,  weight 
in  abdomen.— 1 2th,  30  drops.  An  hour  after  dose,  pressure,  weight 
and  oppression  of  chest. — 13th,  30  drops.  After  dose,  discharge  of 
flatus,  distension  of  abdomen,  rumbling  in  bowels,  tearing  in  r.  shoulder, 
this  tearing  very  severe  on  pressure, — ^i4th,  30  drops,  M.,  much 
cough.  After  breakfast,  rumbling  in  bowels,  discharge  of  flatus. — 1 5th, 
30  drops.  After  dose,  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen, — 16th,  35  drops. 
After  breakfast,  some  pressure  in  stomach,  rumbling  in  bowels,  dis- 
charge of  flatus — 17th,  35  drops.  Soon  after  dose,  flatulent  distension 
of  abdomen. —  i8th,  40  drops.  M.,  some  mucous  cough;  flatulent 
distension  of  abdomen,  discharge  of  flatus. — ^igth,  40  drops.  In  n, 
copious  perspiration  on  legs.  After  breakfast,  rumbling  tn  bowels, 
pressure  on  chest. — 20th,  40  drops.  All  forenoon,  empty  feeling  in 
stomach,  pressure  and  qualmishness  in  abdomen. — 21st,  40  drops,  M., 
frequent  violent  cough,  sometimes  with  raising  of  phlegm. — 22nd. 
Coughed  much  dunng  n.  The  cough  lasted  for  14  d.,  gradually 
diminishing,  and  then  ceased  entirely,  as  also  all  the  other  medicinal 
symptoms.     {Ibid,) 

24.  F»  J.  N,  ZoTH,  medical  student,  began  his  trial  on  14th 
October,  with  10  drops  tincture,  and  increased  till  the  22ml  up  to  90 
drops,  but  observed  no  effects  except  increase  of  stools. — 23rd,  100  drops. 
In  12  m.  pain  in  sacrum  as  from  haemorrhoids,  which  gradually  went 
off. — Up  to  4th  November  increased  the  dose  up  to  150  drops  without 
any  particular  effect. — nth,  200  drops.     No  effect.     {Ibid,) 

II,  Poisonings* — 1,  A  girl,  aged  8,  ate  one  bug-agaric  in  e.,  and  six 

•  Many  more  cases  might  have  been  given  if  the  effects  of  other  poisonous  muj^h* 
rooms  had  been  recorded.  As  none  of  these,  however,  have  been  provcdj  and  as  A. 
mu^eurius  fairly  represents  their  toxical  influence,  it  has  been  thought  better  toconline 
ourbtlvcft  to  the  etiects  of  this  i^pecics,  in  using  which  we  are  on  safe  ground « — Eos. 


§90 


AGARICUS. 


more  next  d*  at  3  p.m.  About  5,  in  moving  across  room,  cried  out 
that  she  felt  giddy,  and  instantly  fell  down  senseless  and  motionless. 
When  carried  to  bed  she  uttered  a  wild  cry»  and  her  eyes  looked  fixed. 
Emetics  were  given  without  eiFect,  At  6.15  she  was  stretched  out  in 
bed  comatose,  countenance  somewhat  swollen  and  of  ghastlv  leaden 
aspect  i  pulse  greatly  intermittent  and  tremulous,  and  scarcely  to  be 
felt ;  eyes  pulled  up  towards  angles  of  orbits  and  fixed  immovcably ; 
occasional  starlings  of  limbs,  and  severe  convulsive  motions  of  head  and 
upper  part  of  trunk.  There  was  complete  unconsciousness.  The 
whole  body  was  unusually  cold  ;  heart's  action  greatly  laboured*  Cold 
water  was  now  dashed  on  the  chest.  Making  a  sudden  start,  which 
raised  her  head  from  the  pillow,  she  opened  her  eyes,  and  for  a  few 
seconds  stared  wildly  around.  She  quickly  relapsed  into  her  former 
lethargic  state  ;  the  convulsions  became  more  violent,  longer  in  their 
duration,  and  recurring  at  shorter  intervals  ;  and  the  coldness  and 
rigidity  were  extreme.  Stimulants  were  used,  and  cold  afRjsion 
repeated  ;  latter  was  followed  by  a  violent  movement  of  upper  part  of 
body  and  a  wild  kind  of  scream,  and  pulse  became  for  a  little  more 
regular  and  fuller.  A  turpentine  enema  brought  away  a  fcctid  copious 
motion.  Stimulants  were  continued,  and  pulse  became  regular,  but 
weak  and  quick  (above  130).  After  3  h.,  she  was  put  into  a  warm 
bath  for  10  m,,  and  pulse  became  fuller  and  less  quick  (80),  Mustjrd 
■  ivas  applied  to  stomach  and  soles.  Soon  a  general  perspiration  broke 
out,  and  warmth  of  surface  increased  j  extremities  were  even  mo  e 
convulsed,  and  muscles  of  calf  became  permanently  contracted,  and 
felt  rigid  and  hard  ;  but  upper  part  of  body  was  much  less  affected  than 
at  first,  Pulse  got  quicker  again,  seldom  continuing  steady  for  ^  h«, 
but  breathing  was  natural,  save  for  an  occasional  emission  of  a  strange 
sound.  The  mustard  was  removed  after  2  h. ;  some  colour  appeared 
in  face,  and  she  seemed  much  better ;  startings  of  limbs  occurring  ]cs5 
frequently.  At  midnight  skin  was  moist,  body  more  warm,  pulse  125  to 
J30  ;  in  20  m.  she  was  in  a  sound  sleep,  breathing  easily,  face  a  little 
flushed,  and  convulsions  affecting  her  at  longer  intervals.  No  change, 
save  copious  sweat,  till  5,20  a.m.,  when  she  hrst  opened  eyes  arid  turned 
ihem  in  orbits,  seeming  to  look  around  herwiihout  any  consciousness  of 
perception.  She  then  fell  back  again  and  slept  till  6.45,  when,  suddenly 
starting  up,  she  threw  down  the  bedclothes,  calling  out  at  same  time 
to  take  them  off  from  her,  and  seemed  quite  sensible.  She  then 
vomited  some  of  the  mushrooms  ;  asked  for  drink,  and  complained 
much  of  soreness  of  head  and  neck,  so  that  she  could  not  swallow. 
Afterwards  she  vomited  more,  and  had  ineffectual  retching.  In  m.  her 
pulse  was  120,  weak,  but  regular.  Now  and  then  during  d.  she  had 
involuntary  motions  of  legs.  Thirst  considerable  j  pulse  in  afternoon 
no.  During  n,  slept  as  usual,  but  with  frcmient  startings.  Pulse 
variable  for  some  d.  longer.  {].  Adam,  Lend.  Mid.  and  Phys,  Jmm.^ 
xxxii,  364.) 

2.  Dr.  JoH.  Heinr.Beck  relates  : — A  schoolmaster,  aged  73,  drank, 
at  9.15  p.m.,  by  mistake  for  pure  milk,  half  a  pint  of  milk  m  which  was 
a  decoction  of  4  a  plant  of  agar.  muse.  Perceiving  his  mistake  he 
drank  a  quantity  of  warm  milk,  whereafter  he  vomited  ^.9  timcs>  and 


AGARICUS. 


191 


had  five  diarrhcEic  stools.  He  seemed  to  be  half  stupefied^  but  com- 
plained  of  nothing  but  acidityj  which  was  relieved  after  vomiting*  He 
remained  in  this  state  till  4  a.m.,  when  he  became  worse,  and  died 
at  5  a.m. 

P.M.  Skin  of  body  yellow.  Blood-vessels  of  scalp  full  of  blood.  All 
the  blood-vessels  of  the  dura  mater  full  of  dark  red  blood.  Arachnoid  red. 
Blood-vessels  in  cerebral  sulci  full  of  blood.  Cortical  substance  o(  brain 
reddened  ;  medullary  substance  studded  with  red  points.  Each  of  the 
cerebral  cavities  contained  about  a  teaspoonful  of  bloody  serum  j  the 
vascular  plexuses  were  bright  red  ;  the  vessels  of  base  of  brain  dis- 
tended with  blood  J  the  tentorium  cercbelli  very  vascular  j  the  cere- 
bellum very  soft ;  in  the  arbor  vitje  an  effusion  of  blood  the  size  of 
a  smalt  bean*  All  the  fauces,  oesophagus^  and  trachea  highly  inBamed. 
Pleura  and  pericardium  highly  inflamed  (stark  entziindet).  Lungs 
greatly  distended  (aufgetrieben),  marbled  blue,  hepattzedand  filled  with 
black  blood.  Cavities  of  heart  filled  with  black  fluid  blood.  The 
arch  of  the  aorta  outside  and  inside  highly  inflamed,  studded  with 
atheromatous  deposits.  The  omentum,  pancreas,  peritoneum  and 
outside  of  stomach  and  jejunum  uncommonly  highly  inflamed,  all 
blood-vessels  filled  with  black  fluid  blood.  The  inside  of  bladder  very 
highly  inflamed.^     {Henki^i    Zeitsch.  fur  die   StaatiarT^neikundt^  xxi, 

307O 

3.  a.  Three  half-starved  soldiers  in  the  retreat  from  Moscow  in  1812 
made  a  meal  of  agar,  muse,  which  they  roasted  on  the  coals,  with  a 
little  butter  and  salt,  and  ate  without  bread.  One  ate  four,  the  two 
others  three  each.  They  then  lay  down  to  sleep.  At  10  p.m.,  the 
first  soldier  commenced  to  speak  nonsense,  passing  from  one  subject  to 
another  in  a  gay  delirium  with  great  loquacity,  borne  time  afterwards 
he  had  violent  convulsions.  Seen  soon  after  he  was  found  with 
convulsive  movements  of  muscles  of  face  and  extremities,  the  jaws 
were  firmly  clenched,  he  could  not  be  got  to  take  anything ;  he  always 
wanted  to  talk,  but  could  hardly  articulate.  His  eyes  rolled  in  their 
orbits,  and  were  sometimes  quite  turned  up.  The  agitation  was 
extreme,  the  lower  limbs  strongly  retracted,  and  the  arms  so  agitated 
that  his  pulse  could  not  be  felt.  Cold  sweat  on  face,  neck,  and  chest. 
Tip  of  nose  and  lips  bluish.  Some  froth  at  the  commissure  of  h'ps  ; 
respiration  oppressed  and  noisy  ;  breath  had  a  sickly  and  sour  odour* 
In  an  instant  he  became  more  calm,  and  the  jaws  were  loosened.  An 
emetic  was  given.  He  threw  up  much  phlegm,  which  smelt  sour, 
together  with  fragments  of  the  fungus.  He  then  got  vinegar  and 
water  to  drink.  He  passed  the  rest  of  the  d.  alternately  convulsed 
and  in  stupor.  The  beginning  of  the  n.  was  restless,  but  he  grew  quiet, 
and  in  the  m,  was  as  usual. 

b.  The  second  was  attacked  by  convulsions  soon  after  the  first  with 
great  anxiety  and  pain  at  epigastrium,  which  was  relieved  spon- 
taneously by  vomiting.  He  then  developed  much  strength  with  gay 
delirium  ;  he  sang  and  talked,  but  gave  no  replies  to  questions.  He 
imagined  himself  an  officer  commanding  at  drill,  and  various  manceuvres 

^  All  the^e  high  itiflamtnatlons  must  be  exaggerations  \  probably  he  meaot  conges- 
liou  Of  trdncsfi, — Kds. 


192 


AGARICUS. 


which  he  thought  he  was  conducting.  The  convulsions  ceased  foral 
short  time,  but  soon  recommenced;  irregular  and  hurried  movcmentij 
of  the  upper  extremities  j  restlessness  of  hands,  which  he  pn 
together  as  though  he  was  rolling  a  soft  body  between  his  hands 
order  to  make  it  round.  Speaking  with  volubility  and  animation  to] 
his  father  and  mother,  as  though  he  were  beside  them,  giving  no  repllc 
to  questions,  he  sang  and  lamented  alternately,  embracing  hjs  comradclj 
and  kissing  their  hands.  All  this  took  place  in  the  midst  of  a  generjl 
spasm  resembling  trembling  rather  than  convulsions.  Half  an  h.  later 
he  fell  into  a  faint,  which  did  not  last  long,  but  left  him  in  a  d«p| 
stupor.  Extreme  alteration  of  physiognomy,  general  prostration,  willij 
cold  clammy  sweat  all  over  the  body.  The  scene  ended  in  a  soporou 
state,  from  which  he  gradually  roused  and  recovered,  but  remembered"' 
nothing  of  what  had  happened  since  eating  the  fungi. 

c.  The  third  was  seized  with  some  pains  which  he  referred  to  the 
stomach,  with  great  oppression,  then  convulsive  movement  that   lasted 
but  a  short  time,  but  was  violent,  and  was  succeeded  by  a  yellow  tinge 
of  the  whole  body,  a  kind  of  jaundice,  most  apparent  on  the  face,  neck 
and  chest.     Soon  he  vomited  spontaneously  a  great  quantity  of  fetid 
matter,   and   had   some   stools   which    relieved    him   greatly.     Wheii^ 
seen  he  was  very  feeble,  pulse  scarcely  perceptible.     The   rest  of  thM 
d.  was  found  in  a  state  of  stupor  and  spasmodic  agitation,  but   he  slepfl 
well  at  n.,  and  next  d.  was  well.     The  yellow  colour  disap{>eared  in  jfl 
few  d.      (Vadrot,  Ohs,  sur  F empoUonnemmt par  ks  Champignons^  iSi4.]fl 

4,  a.  Five  soldiers,  after  eating  plentifully  of  the  fungus,  were  a  ttackcM 
by  the  usual  symptoms.  About  5  or  6  h.  after  their  meal  they  perceive^ 
the  first  symptoms.  After  anxiety,  oppression,  general  malaise,  mm 
some  convulsive  movements,  two  of  them  had  spontaneous  vomitin  J 
which  was  kept  up  by  means  of  hot  water.  The  violent  symptoixH 
went  off^  and  there  remained  general  prostration,  stupor  mingled  witH 
spasms^  and  later  some  faecal  evacuations.  This  state  lasted  7-8  h., 
when  they  rallied,  and  the  next  d.  were  quite  well. 

b.  The  three  others  had  more  serious  symptoms  ;  one  especially^  of 
feeble  constitution  and  only  just  recovering  from  an  internal  diseasci^ 
had  extreme  prostration  and  delirium  greatly  resembling  that  of  ataxia| 
fever.     Tartar  emetic  was  administered,  but   the  alarming  sy mptomifl 
persisted  for  a  long  time.     The  abdomen  was  tympanitic,  he  had  verjl 
foetid  evacuations  from  the  bowels,  the  pulse  was  extremely  feeble,  and^ 
fainting  fits  frequent,  a  soporous  and  spasmodic  condition  lasted  nearly 
2  d>  and  the  convulsions  were  protracted  ;   he  could  not  go  back  to  his 
military  duties  for  a  fortnight.  , 

f.  The  two  others  had  delirium,  with  increased  manifestation  of 
strength  j  the  convulsions  were  violent,  the  oppression  and  contraction- 
of  larynx  made  suffocation  imminent ;  there  was  very  painful  tension 
at  epigastrium,  frequent  nausea  with  very  violent  pains  in  stomachs 
piercing  cries,  extreme  thirst.  Vomiting  was  artificially  excited,  and 
was  followed  by  transient  calm  \  then  the  pains  returned  so  violenUv 
that  the  patient  screamed  out  and  rolled  on  the  ground.  The  thif« 
was  unquenchable,  the  features  decomposed,  the  pulse  imprrcepttblefl 
were  taken   to  the  hospital   and  given  various   remedies.     Thfl 


They 


AGARICUS, 


'93 


pains  subsided  gradually,  and   the  disease  terminated  in  a  dysentery^ 
which,  and  the  stupor,  ended  in  5  d.     [Ibid,) 

5. — a.  Two  soldiers  ate  the  fungi  for  their  breakfast.  They  were 
attacked  at  the  same  time  with  gay  delirium.  One  was  very  loquacious, 
while  at  the  same  time  he  had  strong  convulsions  of  muscles  of  jaw 
and  neck,  particularly  the  r.  side,  which  drew  his  head  over  to  r.  shoulder. 
At  the  same  time  he  had  successive  flexion  and  extension  movements 
of  the  lower  extremities,  but  he  was  able  to  walk  though  in  a  singular 
manner ;  he  thus  marched  about  gaily,  talking  many  unconnected 
things.  To  this  state  which  lasted  A  h*  succeeded  a  calm  which  was 
soon  troubled  by  nausea  and  general  malaise.  He  got  tartar  emetic  and 
vinegar  and  water.  The  confusion  of  mind  and  quiet  delirium  lasted 
the  rest  of  the  day.  He  had  a  quiet  night,  and  next  day  he  had  no 
remembrance  of  having  been  ill,  but  thought  he  had  been  a  journey* 

i*  The  second  was  delirious  for  a  short  time,  but  soon  his  gaiety  was 
changed  into  suffering,  and  he  had  anxiety  and  a  severe  pain  in  epigas- 
trium,  oppression,  faintness  ;  vomiting,  artificjally  excited  by  warm  water 
or  tickling  throat,  caused  relief  to  the  pain.  He  was  extremely  weak, 
had  painful  tension  of  abdomen,  physiognomy  much  altered,  pulse 
small,  depressed,  slimy  yellow  stools  with  tenesmus  and  pain.     (Ibid,) 

6,  Several  soldiers  ate  a  quantity  of  the  fungi  they  found  in  a 
forest.  All  were  taken  ill,  some  3  or  4,  others  5  or  6  h.^  others  still 
longer  after  their  meal.  Those  first  taken  ill  got  an  emetic,  and  soon 
recovered. 

a.  Two  had  much  more  serious  symptoms  than  the  rest ;  their 
abdomens  became  distended,  painful,  pulse  feeble,  depressed,  frequent 
successive  attacks  of  convulsions  or  faintings,  physiognomy  much 
altered,  breath  fetid,  with  an  acid  flavo^ur,  partial  cold  sweats,  very 
fetid  stools.  They  got  an  ether  draught,  and  had  more  stools  of  the 
same  character.  In  the  afternoon  the  violence  of  the  symptoms 
diminished,  and  there  ensued  delirium,  then  a  comatose  state  that  lasted 
till  the  next  d.,  which  was  passed  in  much  the  same  state.  In  the 
evening  the  mind  seemed  to  get  rights  they  slept  well  at  night,  and 
next  day  were  well, 

h.  Four  others,  who  had  eaten  a  large  quantity,  thought  they  were 
so  strong  that  they  would  not  take  an  emetic*  Towards  the  evening 
they  had  excessive  pain,  anxiety,  suffocation,  fainting,  extreme  thirst, 
colic,  small  irregular  pulse,  general  cold  sweats,  altered  features,  violet 
colour  of  the  tip  and  alac  of  the  nose  and  also  of  the  lips,  general 
trembling,  tympanitic  distension  of  abdomen,  evacuation  of  very  fetid 
stools.  They  were  taken  to  hospital,  but  grew  worse,  delirium  and 
severe  pains  lasted  till  their  death,  which  occurred  in  the  course  of  the  h. 

f,  P.M. — ^Thc  first  had  ejection  from  mouth  of  frothy  matter  of 
blackish-green  colour,  abdomen  tympanitic,  stomach  and  intestines 
distended  with  very  fetid  gas,  their  m.m,  showed  signs  of  inflammation 
and  gangrenous  spots,  the  jejunum  showed  in  several  places  destruction 
of  its  m.m,  ;  stomach  contained  a  little  blackish  fluid,  the  intestines 
slimy  matter. 

The  second  was  in  much  the  same  state,  except  that  the  !$tomach 
ihowed  signs  of  inflammatory  congestion  of  its  mjn»  near  the  pyloric 

»3  J 


I 


194  AGARICUS. 

orifice,  the  liver  was  prodigiously  swollen,  the  gall-bladder  filled  with 
thick  dark-coloured  bile. 

The  third  also  showed  the  same  changes  as  the  first,  but  more 
marked  ;  there  were  broad  gangrenous  patches  in  stomach  and  intestines, 

{Ibid*) 

7.  The  following  occurred  in  1853,  and  as  far  as  we  know  is  unique. 
The  action  of  these  unknown  mushrooms  resembles  that  of  the  well 
known  amanita  muscaria*  Mr.  C.  S — ,  an  accomplished  civilian,  of 
very  temperate  habits,  was  ordered  out  of  the  collector's  court  at 
1 1  a*m.,  in  consequence  of  being  apparently  drunk.  On  the  following 
morning  he  was  seen  by  Dr.  Palmer,  who  reported  as  follows  ;  ^M 
found  him  in  a  state  of  great  depression  and  distress  from  the  recollec* 
tion  of  the  occurrences  of  the  preceding  d.  He  informed  me  he  had 
had  his  breakfast  as  usual,  had  a  small  bottle  of  claret  which  he  always 
took,  and  was  not  aware  of  having  partaken  of  anything  unusual,  and 
certainly  not  to  excess.  That  he  went  to  Cutcherry  at  the  usual  h*, 
and  felt  unable  to  control  his  actions  \  felt  drunk,  every  thing  and 
person  appeared  ludicrous ;  he  laughed  immoderately  in  open  court, 
joked  with  the  attendants,  and  ridiculed  in  an  absurd  way  his  superior 
officer,  the  collector,  by  whom  he  was  taken  to  his  house.  After  some 
h.  he  recovered,  considerably  depressed  from  the  effects  of  the  stimu- 
lant, and  from  the  feeling  of  shame  at  having  made  such  a  ridiculous 
spectacle  of  himself  before  his  court,  but  more  so,  as  he  assured  me  that 
this  was  the  third  time  a  similar  attack  had  seized  him,  and  he  feared 
he  would  go  mad,  for  he  could  not  with  the  utmost  effort  control  his 
actions,  and  had  been  seized  in  precisely  the  same  manner,  at  the  same 
time  of  the  year,  three  years  in  succession." 

Dr*  Palmer,  to  console  him,  promised  to  return  to  tiffin,  at  which, 
among  other  dishes,  were  stewed  mushrooms.     Before  the  meal  was 
finished  he  became  very  excited,  and  as  he  had  taken  very  little  beer 
and  no  other  stimulating  drink,  it  suddenly  flashed  across  his  mind  that^ 
the  mushrooms  were  the  cause  both  of  his  own  and  of  his  friend*! 
intoxication-     His  symptoms  were  identical  with  those  described 
Mr.  S — ,  and  were  very  simitar  to  the  exhilaratory  effects  of  alcohc 
Every  person  appeared  ridiculous,  the  most  ordinary  remark  was  full 
fun  and  wit,  and  his  immoderate  laughter  provoked  equal  merriment  in 
others,     "  I  took  (he  writes)  a  drive  in  the  evening,  and  I  never  before 
or  since  have  seen  the  lights  and  shades  cast  by  the  setting  sun  so 
brilliant,  and    every   object    looked    so    perfectly    beautiful.     These 
exaggerated  sensations  continued  for  some  h,,  until,  at  the  request  of 
my  friend,  I  put  an  end  to  them  by  taking  a  full  dose  of  ipecacuanha, 
and  thus  got  rid  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  the  fungi  still  undigested* 
I   experienced  no  after   ill  effects  whatever.'^     (Norman   Chev£RS|^J 
Medical  yurisprudtn€e\in  India,)  ^H 

a.  The  first  two  cases  were  those  of  a  man  aet,  60,  and  his  wife  jet.  40»^^ 
who  had  eaten  of  a  dish  into  which  the  fungus  had  been  introduced. 
In  4  h.  woman  had  trembling  of  stomach,  weakness  of  limbs,  nausea, 

♦  Vadrot  thinks  that  the  fungi  eaten  were  agar*  muse.,  but  in  none  oi  the  above 
cases  did  he  sec  the  fungtts  that  caused  the  accidents.     Of  the  last  he  says  the  sol  ii- 
thcred  a  lot  of  different  sorts  of  fungi  and  chose  the  brightest  coloured^  doubdci^ 
,  muM!* — Eds. 


«er 
hat^ 


AGARICUS. 


^95 


and  violent  vomiting.     She  trembled  all  over  and  could  scarcely  hold 

anything  in  her  hands.  She  grew  worse,  got  violent  convulsions  in  the 
arms,  almost  like  electric  shocks.  She  felt  as  if  her  limbs  did  not 
|belong  to  her,  her  legs  bent  under  her  j  at  the  same  time  she  felt  light 
"as  if  she  could  run  with  great  quickness.  She  had  dazzling  before  the 
eyes,  was  much  excited,  eyeballs  rolled  about  j  vision  impaired,  but 
hearing  very  acute.  Towards  e.  convulsions  ceased ;  she  had  inclina- 
tion  to  bend  body  backwards  and  forwards  and  to  stretch;  sleep  restless. 
The  man  was  much  more  ill.  He  had  trembling,  convulsions,  retrac- 
tion of  neck  and  stretching  of  body,  excitement  and  inclination  to 
vomit ;  his  mind  became  clouded,  he  fell  down  and  appeared  to  be 
dying.  Pains  in  limbs,  impaired  vision,  flatulence,  colic  and  great 
thirst  afFected  both  patients  for  4  d. 

h.  The  other  cases  were  two  carpenters,  70  and  50  years  old,  who 
after  partaking  of  a  similar  dish  of  fungi  were  affected  with  the  most 
violent  brain  symptoms  ;  they  cried  and  roared  like  madmen  j  the  elder 
was  the  noisier  and  broke  his  bedstead  to  pieces  with  superhuman 
power.  It  was  with  difficulty  that  four  strong  men  could  throw  the 
furious  patients  to  the  ground  and  bind  them  fast.  In  spite  of  an  emetic 
the  most  violent  clonic  and  tonic  convulsions  lasted  all  d.  It  was  not 
until  the  following  morning  that  they  became  quiet,  and  soon  after  this 
they  recovered.  (Quoted  from  fVten.  Mtd,  Pusie  in  Hirschel's  Z^;/- 
ichr\fi^}\xxi^  15,  1874.) 

r  9.  The  inhabitants  of  the  north-east  part  of  Asia  use  agar.  muse,  in 
khe  same  manner  as  wine,  brandy,  arrack,  opium,  &c,,  are  used  by  other 
nations.  The  fungi  are  collected  in  the  hottest  months,  and  hung  up 
in  the  air  by  a  string  to  dry.  The  usual  mode  of  taking  the  fungus  is 
to  roll  it  up  like  a  bolus,  and  swallow  it  without  chewing,  which  (the 
Kamtschatkans  say)  would  disorder  the  stomach.  One  large  or  two 
small  fungi  is  a  common  dose  to  produce  a  pleasant  intoxication  for  a 
whole  d.,  particularly  if  water  be  drunk  after  it,  which  augments  the 
narcotic  action.  The  desired  effect  comes  on  from  one  to  two  h.  after 
taking  the  fungus.  Giddiness  and  drunkenness  result  in  the  same 
manner  as  from  wine  and  spirits  ;  the  cheerful  face  becomes  flushed, 
emotions  of  the  mind  are  at  first  produced,  involuntary  words  and 
actions  follow,  and  sometimes,  at  last,  an  entire  loss  of  consciousness. 
It  renders  some  remarkably  active,  and  proves  highly  stimulant  to 
Linuscular  exertion  j  by  too  large  a  dose,  violent  spasmodic  effects  are 
pproduced.  So  very  exciting  to  the  nervous  system,  in  many  individuals, 
is  this  fungus,  that  its  effects  are  often  very  ludicrous  ;  a  person  under 
its  influence  wishing  to  step  over  a  straw,  takes  a  stride,  or  a  jump 
sufllicient  to  clear  the  trunk  of  a  tree  ;  a  talkative  person  cannot  keep 
silence  or  secrets,  and  one  fond  of  music  is  perpetually  singing. 
(Langsdorf,  Ann,  d,  IVetUranhchen  GaelLf.  d.  Gts,  Naturkunde,) 

m.  ExfirimenU  on  ammali, — i.  a.  Two  ounces  of  fresh  A.  were  beaten  ud 
with  Jij  of  tniik,  and  strained  through  linen.  Of  resulting  mixture  a  torn  cat  (A) 
got  at  4  p.m.  Jiss,  a  female  cat  (B)  Jj,  and  another  (C)  t^s.  In  5  m.  cats  A  and 
B  began  to  mew,  their  gait  was  unsteady,  they  stajggered,  fell  on  one  side  or  other, 
but  got  up  again  and  ran  from  place  to  place.  Atter  running  about  in  this  way  for 
J  h.  their  gait  became  more  unsteady,  they  fell  more  frequently,  mewed  often  j  then. 


196 


AGARICUS. 


m>t  being  able  to  keep  their  legs,  they  lav  on  their  side,  mewing  rontmtiotiiiy,  thm 
limb*  constantly  moving  a*  if  they  wished  to  go  along.    At  the  same  time  there  fntt 
movements  in  the  abdomen »  sometimes  it  was  distended,  sometimes  condiaed^  dieo 
there  wai  retching  and  finally  vomiting  of  their  food  mixed  with  mucus.    Soon  tht% 
wards  brown  .coloured   loose  faeces  were  passed,  and  the  cat  A  pa»ed  soine  uniK. 
Vomiting  and  purging  went  on  till  5  p.m.     When  the  vomiting  and  purging  ctiicd 
the  limb*  began  to  twitch,  especially  the  hind  legs,  and  they  were  often  itrctchcd  oui 
backwards.     The  head  was  bent  backwards  towards  the  spine.     They  often  ittempted 
to  get  up,  but  immediately  tell  on  the  other  side,  and  after  such  attempt  the  twttcnitte 
and  trembling  of  the  limbs  became  stronger.     At  5,30  p.m,  the  body  was  often  niiea 
up  Without  using  the  limbs.     The  mewing  became  less.     On  taking  up  the  cat  the 
head  was  bent  more  backwards^  and  it  trembled  and  twitched  more.     Refptratioa 
and  heart**  beats  were  Quicker,  the  hair  stood  on  end  and  was  lustreless.     At  6  p.ra. 
ihey  ceased  to  mew  ana  lay  on  their  side,  the  front  limbs  were  stiff,  the  hind  limbi 
stretched  backwards  and  the  head   bent   ^  far  backwards  that  it  touched  the  sptne. 
Respiration  much  quicker,  the  thorax  moved  little,  but  the  abdomen  moved  icrr 
strongly.     At  7  p.m.  they  lay  quiet  with  closed  tearful  eyes,  occasional  jerkings  of 
the  limbs  and  through   the  whole   body.     Respiration  and  heart's  beats  very  quick. 
At  S  p.m.  the  same  state ;  when  lifted,  they  started  and  began  to  mew.     Thus  they 
continued  all  n.     Towards  m,  they  became  quieter,  tried  to  raise  themselves  on  their 
limbs,  but  were  unable  to  do  so  as  the  trembling  and  jerking  returned.     If  they  luc. 
ceeded  in  getting  on  their  legs,  these  were  wide  asunder,  and   if  they  tried  to  walk 
they  fell  on  their  side,      i  ith. — The  cat  A  was  most  affected,  it  lay  all  the  foreniaoo 
on  Its  side  occasionally  mewing,  and  could  not  get  up.     The  jcrkings  of  the  limbs  and 
the  movements  of  the  front  Tegs  as  if  to  get  along  increased.     The  hind  legs  wen 
oltcn  stiff,  sometimes  stretched  out  backwards,  at  others  drawn  up  towards  the  belly, 
when  the  back  was  very  much  bent,  and  the  body  with  the  head  bent  back  was  curved 
like  the  letter  §.     Towards  noon  the  movements  of  the  forelegs  became  strongtrk  it 
endeavoured  to  get  along,  and  moved  itself  on  its  side  about  in  its  cage.     It  often  by 
exhausted  with  its  efforts  to  move  and  mew,  then  the  head  was  moved  up  and  down, 
the  limbs  jerked  and  trembled,  the  eyes  were  da2€d,the  temperature  lowered,  the  feet 
cold.    Hair  on  end  and  lustreless,  heart's  beats  ver)'  quick.     No  stool  since  yesterday. 
Urine  passed  once.     At  noon  it  got  another  ounce  ot  the  mixture.     At  i  p.m.  it  lay 
with  the  hind  legs  close  up  to  the  belly,  extremities  cold  and  jerking  fi-equcntly.     It 
lay  as  if  dead,  the  neck  stiff  and  stretched  out  forwards,  eyes  dazed,  resp.  very  quick, 
heart'!i  beats  trembling.     At  %  p.m.  a  liquid  black  stool.     At  6  p.m.  lies  as  if  dead, 
the  body  all  cold,  heart's  beats  scarcely  perceptible,  rare  jerks  in  the  hind  legs.     All 
night  it  continued  in  this  state,   lath. — Morning,  lay  as  if  dead,  quite  cold,  nesp.  vei^ 
ouick  and  shorty  died  at  9  a.m.     P.M.  4  h.  after  death.     Vessels  of  the  dura  matei 
filled  with  black  blood,  nothing  observable  in  brain.     Lungs  of  black-blue  colour, 
friable,  and  when  cut  into  much  black  frothy  blood  escaped.     Both  auricles  of  heart 
filled  with  black  coagulated  blood.     Stomach  considerably  distended  with  air  lod 
digested  food.     The  m.  m.  was  red,  very  friable,  and  easily  separated  from  the  mus- 
cular coat.     Vena  porta;  swollen  and  contracted  so  that  the  smallest  sound  could 
scarcely  get  through  it.     Small  intestines  very  vascular  and  contracted.    Their  m. 
reddened  in  places,  contained  a  yellow  slimy  fluid,     Lar^  intestines  blackish  outsit 
and  inside,  contained  much  air»  the  rectum  full  of  hard  fscces.     Liver  friable  and  fiiU! 
of  blood,  bladder  empty,  spinal  cord  normal,  only  its  membranes  in  the  lumbar  region 
redder  than  elsewhere. 

The  cat  B  could  scarcely  keep  on  its  feet  all  the  forenoon,  if  she  walks  a  few 
steps  she  staggers  from  one  side  to  the  other ;  the  hind  legs  give  way  and  she  falls 
down  on  them,  at  the  same  time  head  and  tore  part  of  body  are  constantly  moving 
from  side  to  side  as  though  she  would  fall.  She  does  not  mew,  but  cannot  rest  in  one 
place,  and  tries  to  get  along  j  the  heart's  beats  and  rcsp*  quickened,  hair  lustreless  and 
on  end,  will  neither  eat  nor  drink.  In  the  course  of  the  d,  her  gait  became  more 
steady,  in  the  e.  she  ran  about  for  some  time  and  then  suddenly  rcll  upon  her  hind 
legs.  No  stool,  but  urinated  several  times.  In  the  e,  she  ate  meat  ajid  milk.  The 
following  d.  she  was  quite  well  and  remained  so  till  igth  when  she  got  ^  oz.  of  the 
above  mixture.  Soon  the  L  hind  leg  was  forcibly  stretched  out  backwards  for  a  few 
minutes.  Soon  afterwards  the  I,  foreleg  was  suddenly  lifted  up,  the  flexor  muscjci 
contracted  so  that  the  toes  touched  the  back  of  the  foot»     This  lasted  a  few  a  ' 


I 


dd 

4 

uUH 

onH 


AGARICUS. 


»97 


The  movement.^  of  the  hind  legs  were  repeated  at  longer  or  shorter  intervals  for  )  h,, 
then  there  ensued  retching  and  vomiting  of  phlegm  mixed  with  the  medicine.  The 
vomiting  was  violent  and  repeated  thrice  in  a  short  time ;  about  a  tableitpoonful  was  j 
thrown  up.  She  soon  began  to  jump  about.  This  ]a5ted  }  h.,  then  she  fell  down  on 
her  hind  legs.  The  belly  then  was  violently  contracted  and  she  passed  a  fima  black - 
brown  fetid  stool.  While  sitting  thus  the  L  foteleg  was  jerked  up,  the  paw  bent 
inwards,  then  again  stretched  out.  In  the  intervals  the  fore  part  of  the  body  moved 
from  side  to  side.  All  at  once  the  back  part  of  the  body  was  jerked  up,  the  legs 
twitched,  and  she  began  to  run  about,  and  then  fell  on  her  side,  and  with  difficulty 
she  attained  again  the  sitting  position  with  her  legs  widely  separated.  In  this  posi- 
tion she  swayed  from  side  to  siae.  Whenever  she  attempted  to  rise  the  hind  legs  gave 
way,  and  she  fell  on  her  side.  She  mewed  constantlv  and  was  very  restless.  The 
hair  on  end,  the  eyes  dazed,  rcsp.  and  heart's  beats  quickened.  So  she  continued  till 
4  p.m. I  when  she  again  commenced  to  run  about  but  unsteadily*  She  had  a  fluid 
black  stool.  No  urine  passed.  She  coutd  not  eat.  At  S  p.m.  she  was  Hvely,  lapped 
some  milk,  and  became  quieter.     She  did  not  mew  much  and  the  night  was  quiet. 

The  cat  C,  which  got  J  oz,,  had  the  same  symptoms. 

On  the  19th,  both  cats  were  pretty  lively,  but  their  gait  was  unsteady,  and  their 
movements  hurried  f  when  they  attempted  to  leap  up  un  a  stool,  they  jumped  too  high 
and  fell  off  it.  They  ate  enormously.  On  the  lotn  they  were  both  quite  well.  So 
they  remained  till  the  lath  November,  when  they  both  got  at  8  a.m.  100  drops  of 
tincture.  Soon  after  they  retched  and  vomited  their  food  mixed  with  much  yellow 
mucus.  Then  they  became  quite  well.  At  1  p.m.  they  again  got  100  drops.  Much 
white  foam  came  from  their  mouths.  The  cat  B  passed  a  considerable  quantity  of 
urine,  fell  on  its  1.  side,  the  limbs  trembled^  the  resp.  and  heart's  beats  became  always 

3uickcr,  and  she  was  dead  in  J  h.  The  P.M.  after  4  h.  showed  the  vessels  of  the 
ura  mater  full  of  black  blood,  brain  normal.  At  apex  of  1,  lung  a  bbck  spot  the 
sixe  of  sixpence.  Over  the  root  of  the  lungs,  especially  in  front,  were  many  black 
points  the  size  of  pin's  heads,  which  exuded  blaclc  fluid  blood  when  cut  into.  The 
auricles  of  heart  and  laree  vessels  filled  with  black  coagulated  blood.  Liver  friable 
and  full  of  blood,  gall-bladder  large.  Stomach  distended  with  air^  empty*  The 
m,  m*  of  stomach  towards  pylorus  deep  red  and  swollen.  All  the  intestines  distended 
with  air.  The  small  intestines  contained  slimy  grecni&h-yellow  fiuid,  the  large  intes- 
tine some  pale  yellow  mucus  ;  bladder  empty,  kidneys  normal.  The  dura  mater  of 
spinal  cord  towards  pelvis  redder  than  normal.     Spinal  cord  normaL 

The  cat  C  soon  after  getting  the  agar,  sought  the  warm  stove  and  sat  there  sad, 
with  head  hanging  down,  sometimes  mewed  for  several  minutes  at  a  time.  At  5  p.m. 
she  vomited  yellowish-grecn  saliva.  Gait  unsteady,  walks  with  legs  wide  apart  and 
staggers  first  to  one  then  to  the  other  side,  as  though  she  would  fall.  The  hind  legs 
sectn  the  weakest.  Half- an -hour  after  vomiting,  when  walking  she  was  violently 
thrown  on  the  I.  side.  She  got  up  and  had  violent  retching  for  Jh.  She  then 
attempted  to  walk  but  fell  forwards  on  her  head  or  on  one  side  or  other.  Resp.  and 
hearths  beats  very  quick|  hair  lustreless  and  stands  out  like  bristles.  On  t^th  she  was 
sitting  sadly  in  a  corner,  with  eyes  gummed  up  and  swajring  from  side  to  side,  »oo 
drops  were  administered.  On  this  she  jumped  lorwards  a  few  steps  and  fell  down  dead. 
P.M.  6  h,  after  death.  Vessels  of  dura  mater  filled  with  black  blood.  Upper  lobe 
of  r.  lung  blackish f  much  frothy  black  blood  escaped  when  cut  into.  Rest  of  lungs 
normal.  Much  black  coagulated  blood  in  large  vessels  and  auricles  of  heart.  Stomach 
distended  with  air,  its  m.  m.  reddened  i  intestines  contained  air^  yellow  slime,  and 
*ome  thread.worms.  Liver  large,  friable,  and  full  of  blood.  No  other  changes 
observable. 

6.  A  male  and  a  female  rabbit  were  experimented  on.  Various  dilutions  were 
given  without  effect.  On  30th  Oct.  both  got  100  drops  tmcturc.  All  day  they  were 
Rvely,  and  ate  well,  the  female  parsed  urine  frequently  and  copiously.  3ist.^ — Both 
got  same  dose.  While  getting  it  they  foamed  at  mouth,  no  other  effect  observed* 
At  I  p,m.  again  100  drops.  At  1  p.m.  they  sat  sad  in  their  cage,  would  not  eat,  and  had 
jerkings  in  the  limbs.  In  afternoon  they  ran  about  as  usual ;  bo^h  parsed  but  little 
urine.  In  the  c,  the  female  was  allowed  to  escape.  She  was  found  dead  in  a  meadow 
a  week  afterwards,  isi  Nov. — The  male  got  at  8  a.m.  100  drops  tincture.  All  day  he 
sat  sadly  in  a  comer  and  his  hind  legs  jerked  much.  In  walking  he  dragged  the  hind 
legs.     Forenoon  and  afternoon  had  a  watery  and  slimy  stool,  and  urinated  frequently. 


ied  widi  iaik  Uool        ^ 


ma  cim.     JU^i 

of  Imvivaiiiid.    Tkc 

,   of  finte.    E.  lie 

TWase^oecwiftgirBi  fear 

g«t  m  dpter  of  aoo  draft 

l»tfOQl,Mdifec^P«lErwMespeile<L     Alter  )  b. 

ihovK  ma  te  I  k^  1^  dcma  and  dc^.     Dof 

I  had  mmk  wmd  MCHncd  lo  hSk  asleep,  sztdfig  on 

aBii  ■'^epc     Af  to  ajB.  dog  Ne.   i   started  end* 

ss  rcKlled,  aad  thcs  went  to  bU  facd«    Th^ 

At  1 1  ajB.  tbe  dyafeer  was  iep«atcd.     Soon 

of  a  bbckiib^<eIlo«r  diany  ftoid,  less  than  the 

~  ftoAM  and  licy  as  do^rfi.  On  bcmg 

_.^ .       rcowld<riAdifadQr»oi^  hiillqw^fiMHiLm  letcyag  and  urging 

Co^Wodl,  wlikii  owy  icstod  in  n— iwg  a  hmitufmoilmmn  tSimj  laid.  At  3  p.m. 
tthrner.  Is  5  m.tiieclyilcr  wvrivnafiedaad  ilMiiwpiisix»siDi»i  witliout 
All  cbe  reft  of  the  dsf  they  myaincd  sittii^  a»  they  weie  not  able  ta  iiand 
00  btod  kgi.  Tbey  ate  rartaooibr.  Empty  ictdi^  and  urging  m  stool  without 
ttwilf  occurred  freottcntiy  during  aftemoop,  Urmaiiott  BotnaL  tith. — Hind  1^ 
i^ratb«r  untccady  10  m.,aU  rieht  ta  e.  i^th. — Quite  light.  f4th. — 400  drops 
^en  by  mootb ;  chn  earned  bum  frothing  in  mouth  and  short  cough*  At  10  a^m. 
100  dropt.  Much  frothy  a]iri»  conehing  and  retching.  Soon  aftenwds  quite 
unsteady  >  the  back  part  of  body  fwajcd  from  side  to  side,  the  hind  legs  seemed  as  if 
paralysed,  they  generally  maintained  the  sitting  posture.  1  p.m.,  too  drops.  Great 
empty  retching  often  repeated  during  afternoon.  When  seated  the  forelegs  were 
wide  apart,  the  head  swayed  about ;  when  lying  they  had  jerkings  in  limbs.  By  e,  they 
were  again  lively  and  neat  m.  quite  well.  1 5th  Nov, — They  got  three  time«  soo 
drops.     The  same  array  of  symptoms  followed. 

d.  Two  pigeons,  a  cock  and  a  hen^  were  fed  from  9th  to  i4.th  December  with 
barley  that  had  been  soaked  for  14.  h.  in  concentrated  agar,  tinct.  No  effect.  14th 
and  i5ih,— 10  drops  given  by  beak  ^  no  effect*  i6th,  S  a,m,,  each  got  10  drops. 
Soon  they  made  a  noise  between  coughing  and  retching.  In  |  h,  thejr  walked 
un^te»<lfly»  fell  forwards  on  head  or  on  one  side  or  other;  they  got  up  again  imme* 
diately  and  ran  about  staggering  as  if  they  could  not  rest  anywhere.  From  to  till 
10,30  the  cock  lay  on  its  side,  but  got  up  when  one  attempted  to  seije  it.  At  noon 
thcv  went  into  a  comer,  hung  their  head,  and  would  eat  nothing.  In  the  night  thev 
recovered,  walked  steadily,  but  could  not  eat.  17th,  8  a.m,j  30  drops.  Soon,  gajt 
unsteady,  they  staggered  and  fell  on  one  side  or  other^  but  instantly  got  up  again, 
eructated  air  as  ifthey  would  eject  the  drug,  sat  sadly  in  a  comer,  or  ran  about  the 
rmxm  iiaggcring.  Thus  they  continued  till  3  p.m.,  tnev  then  went  into  a  comer  and 
rtm^inctf  there  till  the  i8th,  m.  From  i8th  till  sand  they  got  daily  the  same  doie 
with  the  same  symptoms.     On  iind  the  hen  died,  and  on  the  sjrd  the  cock.     P.M* 


\ 


MUSCARINUM. 


199 


of  hen  after  4  h.  Body  emaciated,  crop  and  skin  covering  it  I'ery-  full  of  blood* 
vessels  filled  with  dark  blood.  Crop  empty,  its  lining  membrane  oi  whitish-yellow 
colour,  of  greasy  feel,  easily  separated  from  muscular  coat,  which  latter  was  redder  than 
normal.  The  passage  from  crop  to  gizzard  was  red  and  full  of  congested  blood- 
vessels. The  gizzard  full  of  sand,  its  lining  membrane  dark  green.  Upper  half  of 
intestines  brownish  yellow,  containing  an  acid  green  slime,  with  white  thmg*  the  size 
of  a  hemp-seed.  The  lungs  sometimes  coloured,  and  containing  little  red  froth. 
Auricles  of  heart  and  large  vessels  filled  with  black  coa^lated  blood.  Liver  friable 
and  blackish.  Vessels  of  dura  mater  full  of  black  blood,  brain  and  spinal  cord 
healthy.  P*M.  of  cock  gave  precisely  similar  results.— {Z^i//ry;.  des  /'W*.  d,  Aom» 
Afr%U  Oestirr^uks,  ii,) 


Muscarinuni^ — An  alkaloid  obtained  from  Agaricus  muscanuSf 
and  also  prepared  artificially.     Its  formula  is  CgHujNOg.HgO. 

I,  Provings. — I.  RiNGER  and  Morehead  experimented  on  four 
men,  giving  gr.  \  or  more  to  each  hypodermically.  Three  of  their 
patients  were  delicate  and  anaemic ;  the  fourth  had  slight  fever  from 
some  obscure  cause,  though  his  pulse  was  not  quickened.  Dr.  Ringer 
presents  their  results  as  follows  : 

a.  Perspirathn, — Sweating  occurred  in  eleven  out  of  the  thirteen 
experiments.  Half  a  grain  always  made  it  free,  whilst  large  doses — as 
gr  f  and  i — ^rcndered  it  very  abundant,  indeed,  it  was  quite  as  free  as 
the  perspiration  excited  by  gr  \ — h  of  pilocarpine.  Sweat  stood  in 
large  drops  on  forehead  after  larger  doses,  nightdress  became  soaked  and 
skin  felt  sodden.  In  one  man  only  was  perspiration  absent,  salivation 
taking  its  place.  Sweating  began  in  3 — 15  m.,  occurring  earliest  after 
larger  doses,  and  lasted  for  \ — ik  h.  Reaction  of  sweat  in  6  cases 
was  neutral  in  4,  alkaline  in  2. 

h.  Salivation  occurred  in  9  experiments,  in  3  slight^  in  rest  free  or 
profuse  i  began  in  2 — 15  m.,  lasted  for  20 — 80  m. 

€*  Lachrymation  occurred  in  8  cases,  amounting  in  some  merely  to 
suffusion  of  eyes,  but  generally  tears  trickled  down  face,  so  that  patient 
was  obliged  to  wipe  eyes.     Began  6 — 10  m.,  lasted  20 — 30  m. 

d.  Purgation, — In  2  instances  drug  excited  inclination  to  stool ;  in 
4  experiments  on  same  man  it  produced  a  loose  motion,  one  of  a  greenish 
colour,  though  bowels  had  been  opened  naturally  a  short  time  before* 
This  effect  followed  in  10 — 20  m. 

e.  Pulse  in  one  of  the  four  men  was  always  very  quick,  in  other  three 
natural.  In  latter  little  change  occurred^  in  one  experiment  only  rate 
falling  by  10 — 16  beats.  Quick  pulse  was  reduced  from  120  to  80  or 
6o*     Larger  doses  rendered  pulse  softer  and  more  compressible. 

/,  Respiration, — Unaffected  in  every  experiment. 

g.  Eyes, — Pupils  always  (15  m.)  contracted,  often  considerably; 
vision  unaffected.  Applied  to  eyes  muscarine  causes  wide  dilatation  of 
pupil,  beginning  in  15 — ^45  m.,and  continuing  about  24  h.  Sight  here 
also  little  affected. 

In  3  experiments  on  one  man  larger  doses  induced  vomiting  once, 
nausea  once.  In  5  experiments  parients  were  obliged  to  pass  urine  in 
9 — 15  m,  after  injection,  and  2  complained  of  supra- pubic  pain.  In  5 
drug  produced  a  frequent  hacking  cough.  In  no  case  did  headache  or 
other  nervous  symptoms  occur.  {Handbook  of  Therapeutics^  10th  ed,, 
p.  502.) 


19  Y«f7 

>  a  fro^  or 

is  almoiC 

of 

dM  flic  came  of  the  cnntwn  4oei  aoc  fe  ta  dbe  cafiiac 
Seedoo  of  the  lagi  h»  bo  dfect  i^oo  Aa  mcdoii  of  the  heart  earned 
hjr  mmc^  tfcerefere  the  inhflwiniy  otgpni  icatfu^  in  die  h^n  itself 
ape  ftfofigtf  excited  by  the  dn^ ,  and  ihci  eamtexncnc  t$  powetfid 
enough  to  couotexacr  aQ  the  cootractfle  power  of  the  heart.  (It  k 
the»e  tame  inhibitory  orpaa  which  are  faralped  bj  atropine.)  Thii 
ijifloeiiee  of  muse,  must  produce  an  inidal  retaidatkiii  of  the  hcut- 
ftroke. 

d.  In  the  early  stage  of  the  action  of  miisc.  rcspfradoo  »  more 
frequent  ^nd  laboured  than  in  the  nattiral  coaditioo  i  later  oa  there  is 
a  steady  diminution  of  its  frequency,  till  at  last  it  ceases  altogether. 
These  symptoms  of  the  respiratory  apparatus  proceed  from  an  initial 
excitement  and  subsequent  paralysisof  the  central  organ  in  the  medulla 
oblongata  which  governs  respiration. 

/.  The  blood -vcfisels  are  constricted  for  a  short  time  in  the  outsifl 
of  mufc.  action,  and  afterwards  dilated.     The  vascular  dilatation,  coaM 
bincd  with  the  diminished  frequency  of  the  cardiac  pulsations,  causes 
a  decrease  of  blood  pressure,  amounting  sometimes  to  one*third  of  the 
total  amount. 

/!  The  flow  of  saliva  which  attends   muse,  poisoning  is  the  con sqg 
qucnce  of  an  exciting  influence  exercised  by  muse,  upon  the  peripheiJ^ 
■iXtrcmitics  of  the  secretory  nerves  ;  at  least  we  are  led  to  this  conclu- 
niion  by  the  circumstance  tnat  section  of  these  nerves  does  not  aliect  th^ 
secretion  of  saliva,  jM 

}F.  Krcnchal  has  published  {Arch.f,  Ophthalm.^xx^  I,  135)  a  vcr^ 
00a  rc|K)rt  (jf  the  changes  in  vision  produced  by  muse*  Even  small 
oiei  lead  to  disturbances  in  the  accommodating  power,  which  arc 
charicteriacd  as  **  accommodation  convulsions/  With  somewhat 
larger  doses  a  not  very  marked  myosis  sets  in,  dependent  on  excitement 
of  the  sphincter  iridis  itself,  or  on  that  of  the  oculo-motor  nerve  which 


AGNUS  CASTUS. 


201 


governs  it.     The  hypothesis  of  paralysis  of  the  dilator  puptllae  or  of  the 
sympathetic  nerve  connected  with  it  is  inadmissible,     {Ibid J) 

2.  Schmiedeberg  had  noticed  that  intense  dyspnoea  was  one  of  the 
most  marked  symptoms  produced  by  muse.  He  had  not^  however, 
attempted  to  explain  it.  He  had  observed  that  during  the  dyspnoea 
the  arteries  contained  very  little  blood,  and  when  cut  across  bled  hardly 
at  alL  Desiring  to  ascertain  the  causation  of  this,  Dr.  Brunton 
thoroughly  narcotised  a  rabbit  with  chloral,  commenced  artificial  respi- 
ration, and  opened  the  thorax.  All  was  proceeding  quite  naturally 
until  he  introduced  a  httle  muse,  into  the  jugular  vein,  "  At  once 
everything  changed.  The  lungs  became  blanched,  the  1.  side  of  the 
heart  small,  the  r,  side  swelled  up,  and  the  vena  cava  became  greatly 
distended.*'  A  little  atropine  restored  the  normal  state  of  things, 
(Lauder  Brunton,  Brit.  Med.  Joum.^  1874^  i^  ^^7-) 

3.  a,  Prevost  found  action  of  muse,  on  heart  unmodified  by  destruc- 
tion of  nervous  centres  or  by  curare.  There  was  no  change  in  breathing 
in  the  frogs  he  experimented  on,  but  in  higher  animals  a  violent  dys- 
pncea  was  induced.  He  found  even  a  feeble  dose  produce  abundant 
salivation  and  lachrymation  \  former  occurs  quite  as  much  after  section 
of  lingual  or  removal  of  superior  cervical  ganglion.  Muse,  excites  the 
vermicular  contractions  of  the  intestines  ;  he  has  seen  hernia  of  the 
stomach  drawn  in  under  its  influence.  {Ga%.  Med,  de  Parity  1874, 
p.  243.) 

b.  Same  experimenter  has  subsequently  found  that  the  hepatic  and 
pancreatic  secretions  are  increased  by  it,  but  the  renal  diminished. 
(Comptes  rendus  de  PAcad,  de  Med.^  Aug.  10,  1876.) 

4.  Ringer  and  Morehead  find  that  if  the  intra-cardiac  inhibitory 
centre  (sinus  venosus)  is  removed  and  muse,  is  then  applied  to  the  ven- 
tricle, it  weakens  and  paralyses  the  heart,  acting  apparently  on  both  the 
cardiac  excito*motory  apparatus  and  the  muscular  substance  itself, 
{Journ.  o/Phys.j  ii,  234,  and  Pract,^  xxvi,  4.  In  Journ.  of  Phys,y  iiij 
59,  Gaskell  confirms  direct  action  on  muscular  substance.) 


AGNUS  CASTUS. 

f^itex  Agmu*cdstust  L.     Nat.  Ord.,  Vgrhenace^,    Chaste-tree, 

1.  Prot/ingj. —  I.  Hahnemann,  Frequent  hiccup,  with  cro^s  disposition,  in- 
clined to  anger ;  pinching  in  epigastrium  when  sitting  bent  forwards ;  soft  stool  for 
some  da^-s,  tnen  costivcnciAi  when  straining  at  stool,  e^^ape  of  fluid  from  urethra;  a 
kind  of  yellow  discharge  from  urethra  ^  ttcliing  ail  over  genitaJs,  compelling  scnitch- 
ingi  cough  in  bed  at  n.  j  pressure  on  sternum,  especially  on  breathing  deeply  j  she 
starts  sometimes  in  sleep,  as  if  from  affright,  and  wakes  up  j  anxious,  unremembercd 
dreams  ^  di»{>osition  as  if  he  had  lowest  opinion  of  himself,  when  he  wished  to  be 
c^uit  of  this  feeling  and  rather  to  be  dead,— at  this  time  no  courage  to  do  anything; 
when  not  in  state  just  mentioned  he  is  in  one  of  over-excitement,  would  like  to 
declaim,  &c.     (Arcktv^  x,  177O* 

^  This  is  a  schema  of  symptoms  stated  to  have  been  ''observed"  by  the  physicians 
mentioned,  but  without  information  as  to  circumstances  or  mode  of  proceeding. — 
Eds. 


-  '  -rZh  sz-z.rui:  ':*LZ'i  5  :^Z  j"i — ::«  produce  i 
^--=-  ~-  •  i.  .-  ./  -:ci..s:::^  :»;»"ir,  ir»-^ian:  secret 
ir=:jr-T:.  :«.:  :  :  .  ii  :  r^sii-  r-iTM  fics,  perspiratic 
:    .-    ~^::  ::="=►.  :.: :  r^     r* : /ir  ir;  r.— r   r.g  is  bowel 

I —    i- T.-?.:     f   jTrT-^-  — :    -:    Tzt  yjjipzoms 

n-i«:— -:r    .:    :.-  rj^    fir^ -i  *    :;•— ^pici   ::   izz'Sc  whi 
*-■-    r-c..:^:    .:    -r.t    z  ^zllt.    :.:  tc:      1=   riti   wc  o*3S€ 

J^:    r-'.    :   ::r-.r:    :      r    :.:1_--    — ^c-r-rv    ::'   respiraric 
:-:       n     .-^  ^r:    i.l— Tz.n  :^:^  zt   Tnzrir.z-  xz:>mcs 
'  '-    — _  :-•    T-    :.  -^:  -ir:c  riisrs^  iii—  --per. er.es. 

:.--    r'-ri-:::.  _: -r- rr:    :  t  .-^  rf  : :  — -ic,  becom 

""r^  .:.£ ^r:^-  .-::.:>:    :c  zzt  ztir:  ir.i  ::«  cor.rrai 

"s^— ~i— :  -       '' ~*'v:  vt    ^  i-r:   r*    — ^  f- re -iir.e^:».islv  ii 

•:-.:^  «  -    .r    :    .: -    :.  -^—  z:czmt:  a-ir  :.•-  2?*-,  :h:s  or. 

n.^vT — -;.  -    i.— :k:^^    .:    :.-l5T:i;       5.:   .:  z^r.r.z  ihis  3 

*  r-.---^-  ^-:  :.:.   v-     — ^:-   rr;  "ii-    i  ir.j  tiv,  ;:  contn 

^— '  -'-    -~ — 5<i    :■■  IT:    .-^---..r .  :    c:ef   r.::  l.j     r.   rhe  cai 

^--*:    r        :r;     :c    t^-  ::  t-Ef-  .p.-  :^  f  :-irr.cr*  o::he 

"'   "'^'     rr^--:.-. -i   ::;     r.r.  r  ::■--     :"ri--f  r;^  ; -r  in  t}n 

^-"^     -^  :c  '    i-ir-r-    :-    :-;    ^'-^-  **-  :-"- j    excrement 

*-'-C^  ■-    c  ^T':-—   L     zTt   r:-:-i:t.r   r*:*-;:  c:  :he  I 

-•-.:■.":    -     r: --<    ~^:  :':•:. r;    i-     -  :  ..    rtzirSizion  o 

1^  ■     -     ■':  :^         Tie:    -"   :•;    l:z  :'.    :'  ~-5C.   respirai 

-:,:.•:    -^■:    .-    ,-:    --^-     -    :-.  -i:_riJ  j:-i  :;:n  ;   'ite 

».  -  !  .         ■  '■"  '    '-"'-•   -*■-  •   --i    :. ->:-r:f^  "::  i  >'r. : r:  :::r,e  ir. 


AGNUS  aASTCi 


'       BMircd  bf  scnidtii^; 

m  r.  efeMl,  going  o€ 

to  f.  eyrbfop,  E'Otflf 

thflB  (widi  fbiLflg) 

■ick  s*e  pain  i»bni  wilkiitg, 

1b  L  tyfk,  rstenuUf  i^ 

.»  if  ikm  iateaullf  ««» 

▼iokat  fidtrhcs  is  I 

^rcaouDgi  bfit, 

benm  hatt^  cweat  on  I 

heaTiBess  of  had, 
Ibrvnmis;  ccurngml 
in  L  6tQotil  pioaibeT. 


bitt  dicT  feci  wvm  ^  ftjy  J 

r«  Actk  making  Ikiffi  I 

mB  donJcs  |  leciiDg  of  oiuict  1 

ken,  lad  ja*t  ibove  ! 

H»  ift  OMXjx,  awl  ofeciMe  ova  lo  I.  of 

oa  perinaram  and  pcnU; 

pit  at  HohkIi  $  cfodiiig  itcfaciBf  oo  OMft^^ 

§9  ^mfyt  wad  lt»  palpable ; 
cUly  wfcdle  sur^Ke  teds  wanni 
flaJy  feeixDg  cold,     (IW,) 
ia  a  cifclc  ($oiiic  miii.) ;  j 
I,  i^maied  by  movemost  (i  b.)| 
bjr  iiwKii  Of  luuveiDCBt  t  tbtrsff « 

ia  kepatk  region^  aggranxcd  byJ 
wbole  pronriiig,  urine  rather  f"  ' 
aggravated  b>'  cxpifaba 
a  pain  as  of  dislocation,  aggiaiYicr 
pfanre  in  r.  aadUa  (}  h.),  io  upper  i 
r.  eIbo^»  a^gfarated  by  movtment  (13  b.)  jl 
J  off  Oft  aMyriftg  arm ;  paiaijtic  pain  in  L  wrist,  oaly  ob 
poralTtic  jtrki^  dr^wmg  in  sicfacarpai  bone  of  L  ind^ 
li^  toftchi  pfesmie  mad  wtoctng  in  diombsj  slwotmg  tearing  in 
bip^joiDl,  ^gravated  bj  C¥Ciy  OMymiient,  easier  when  at  rest, 
e  a  prtMiyc  tcatii^  with  aimmsdtm  a&d  weariness  which  compel  him  to 
nt  dowB, — a  uod  of  dislocatiTe  pain  (f6  b.);  similar  icnsations  in  bocb  knee- 
joints;  paralytic  jerking  drawing  in  muscles  of  L  1^  extending  from  knee  to  foot, 
unaffected  by  walking  or  touch  (6  h^)  i  intermittent  sharp  stitches  in  ankle  (7  h.)| 
tense  as  of  a  weight  on  instep  of  r.  foot,  pressing  it  down,  m  every  position  ;  tcQ  *  ~ 
in  jointt  of  toes,  worse  on  walking  ;  obtuse  intermittent  shooting  on  sole  at  ] 
unaffected  by  touch  or  walking ;  fine  shooting  tearing  in  both  soles  ;  itching  pricking 
on  various  parts  of  body,  compelling  scratching ;  chilly  without  thirst  or  sub^equc 
heat  J  after  50  h.  chill  and  shivering,  followed  in  J  h.  by  heat,  and  this  altematio 
repeated  several  times,  without  thirst.     (J^id,) 

5.  Staff.      Confusion  of  head  over  eyes  ;•   excessive  distraction,  absence 
mind,  forgetftilness,  f,g,  when  playing  cards,  which  he  usually  did  well,  he  did  n 
remember  what  had  been  played,  or  know  what  he  ought  to  do  9  roaring  noise 
ear»i  itching  pricking  in  inguinal  region,  making  him  scratch;  weakening  of  ( 

•  This  is  said  to  have  occurred  **  In  a  young  man  suffering  from  weakness  of 
genitals.*'     It  does  not  appear  whether  other  symptoms  credited  to  Stapf  were  observe 
on  this  subject ;  but  some  of  those  of  iht;  sexual  organs  must  be  taxen  with  rrscr 
on  thin  account, — Eds, 


tin 


AGNUS  CASTUS. 


203 


usually  very  strong  sexual  power  i  pciue  small  and  soft  (some  h.)  j^  at  n,  testicles 
lifel  cold,  without  invirard  cold  feeling ;  the  usual  strong  m.  erection  with  desire  for 
coitus  does  not  occur,  next  d.  the  parts  are  soft  and  unexcitable  ;  after  20  h.  uncom- 
monly strong  erections  without  cause  and  without  amorous  thoughts,  accompanied  by 
a  kind  of  lascivious  rage  (without  tendency  to  emission),  causing  him  to  clench  teetn 
(for  i  h.  before  rising  in  m.j  j  on  3rd  d.  erections  and  sexual  desire  returned,  and 
later  were  much  increased,  with  voluptuous  sensation  in  all  genital  organs  ;f  shooting 
in  spot  of  1.  foot  externally,  when  standing  still ;  at  n.  in  bed,  heat  all  over  body  like 
a  flash  of  firtf  at  same  time  cold  knee$»     {Ihtd,) 

6,  Helbjg.  Though  fjeccs  arc  not  too  firm,  they  are  passed  with  difficulty  in 
spite  of  all  pressing,  seeming  as  though  they  would  slip  back  again ;  shooting  in 
6ngers  of  one  hand,  e.  (5th  d.) ;  feeling  as  if  bruised  in  all  limbs.     (^Heraklides^  1, 

7,  S.  W.  There  is  something  before  ears,  he  does  not  hear  well;  dinordered 
stomach, — ^he  relishes  his  food,  but  feels  ill  and  uncomfortable  after  it,  as  though  he 
had  eaten  too  much ;  much  sneezing,  with  dryness  of  nose  j  something  like  viscid 
phlegm  stands  in  his  throat,  he  cannot  j^ct  it   up  1    creaking  in  dor^  vertebra. 

8,  A,    She  \%  in  very  sad  humour,  and  says  repeatedly  that  she  shall  die  soon. 

9.  The  following  symptoms  arc  anonymous : — Reading  is  difficult,  he  has  to  go 
over  many  passages  twice,  and  is  only  willing  to  read  what  is  easy  to  be  understood, 
being  unable  to  fix  his  attention ;  for  several  d,  a  pain,  rather  smarting  than  shooting, 
on  r,  vertex,  as  if  in  bone,  from  behind  forwards,  ending  at  angle  of  forehead,  chiefly 
in  m.  hours,  but  not  absent  at  n.  \  a  pain  in  temple  going  towards  eye,  increased  by 
touch,  as  if  she  had  had  a  hard  blow  j  eyes  bum  in  e.,  while  reading  ;  teeth  are  painful 
when  warm  food  or  drink  touches  them  ;  mouth  very  dry,  saliva  sticky  and  viscid  so 
that  it  can  be  drawn  out  in  threads,  velum  palati  and  uvula  are  scarlet. red,  scraping 
in  throat  causing  him  to  cough,  phlegm  expelled  also  viscid  j  appetite  actually 
increased ;  stool  thinner  and  lighter-coloured  than  usual,  with  dull  pain  in  belly  ; 
several  diarrhceic  stools  (ist  d.)  ;  urine  more  copious  and  expelled  with  greater  force; 
after  micturating,  disagreeable  sensation  at  bacic  of  urethra  \  painful  erections  in  m. 
(14  h,)^  extreme  flaccidity  of  penis,  and  insusceptibility  to  what  would  ordinarily 
cause  erection  j  the  emission  of  semen  occurs  without  ejaculation,  the  semen  has  little 
smell  and  is  in  small  quantity  (4th  d.)  \  his  voice  is  veiled  and  toneless;  dull  pain 
within  chest ;  a  finger-joint  swells,  with  gouty,  tearing  pain  ;  shooting  above  r*  crista 
ilii,  near  spine  \  tearing  in  lower  limbs  tor  \  h,  j  feet  are  easily  sprained  while  walk- 
ing on  pavement  (m,  of  5th  d.)  ^  itching  over  body,  especially  up  back,  as  from 
running  of  fleas  i  he  soon  falls  a^ileep  in  e.,  and,  contrary  to  custom,  only  wakes  up 
in  m.     {Ibid.) 

10.  In  order  to  pass  childless  married  life,  a  man  took  for  three  months,  m.  and  e,, 
t^relve  seeds  of  Agnus  castus  \  thereby  he  was  so  weakened  that  he  not  only  felt  an 
obstacle  to  erections  of  penis,  but — ^as  he  wished — he  lost  his  semen  entirely  and  never 
begot  children.     ^LtNDHOW,  f^enusipiigei,  p.  119.) 

11.  It  causes  in  some  ver>*  strong  sexual  desire.  (S.  Paulli,  ^adr,  Bot,^  p*  189.) 
I  a.  Considerable  heat  in  I.   concha.     Confusion  of  head.     Agreeable  increased 

heat  in  L  hand  and  forearm  (after  J  h.).  Weak  erections^  without  sexual  excitement 
(after  5  to  6  h.)  Deceptions  of  olfactory  sense,  sometimes  he  fancies  a  smell  of 
musk,  sometimes  of  herring,  though  neither  is  near  him  (1st  d.).  Crawling  feeling 
in  testicles  (m,,  1st  and  and  d.).  Some  red  itching  spots  on  inner  surface  ot  1.  fore- 
arm, which  soon  disappear.  Drawing  up  along  spermatic  cords  (1st  d»).  Diminished 
sexual  appetite,  but  after  coitus  feeling  of  lightness  in  body  (and  n.).  Fine  pricks  in 
r,  iliac  region  (after  11  h,).  Painful  drawing  in  region  of  L  parotid  gland  (after  9 — 
la  h.).     After  dinner  slight  pressure  in  upper  abdomen  (1st  d.)     Rumbling  in  bowels 

•  To  this,  in  the  pathogenesis  of  A.  c.  in  his  Bi'ttrdgi^  Stapf  notes,  "  primary 
action,  in  a  healthy  man." — Eds. 

^  To  this  is  noted  J  '*  Heilwirkung,"  and  it  might  be  a  clinical  symptom  of  a 
patient ;  but  **  Hcilwirkung  T'  is  appended  to  the  previous  symptom,  wnich  seems 
undoubtedly  Supfs. — ^Eds. 

\  This^  also  is  a  schema  without  information. ^£05. 


KH 


AILANTHXJS^ 


5tk,  wad  iA  b.),    Aficr  rak»  tW 


bofies  (i«t  d.).     Fmjtimt  tn 
witk  voluptuous  iensatian  (4tk« 
Ml  ajid  long<continued  ottxioev  i 


AILANTHUS. 

Dcff.    Tit*  of  betvea,   Nat,  Ord^  Sint^lmkdcis. 


^poonf 


)f  an  infusion 
that  caused  1 
ipecacuanha;  abo sense  of  tightness  in  temples.  Symptoms  increased] 
after  |  h.  to  vcHniting  (soar) ;  pulse  had  nour  risen  from  68  to  76,1 
tecnp.  from  J/'i"^  to  37'3^-  After  this  peculiar  sensation  of  empnuesii 
in  stomach  i  pube,  i  h.  after  dose,  8o«  temp.  J77^.  In  i  h^hll  of  i 
temperature  to  37^,  and  of  pulse  to  64  i  sense  of  coldness  over  whole  j 
body.     After  a  few  h.  colic  followed  by  soft  stool. 

^.  On  another  occasion^  after  same,  pulse  being  78,  there  was  no! 
nausea,  but  after  |  h.  puJse  was  70,  with  a  sensation  of  coldness  i  UterJ 
puke  rose  to  76  again.  After  4  h.  some  colic  and  soft  stool.  (AlM^ 
Mm^jck^diay  x,  643  :  from  thesis  by  Giraud^  not  accessible.) 

2.  Dr.   Robert  took  same.     Found   it  extremely   bitter,  causinl 
nausea,  sometimes  vomiting.     After  i  h.  pulse  fell  10  beats,  remainiJigl 
thus  for   \  h^  after  which   it  became  somewhat   more  ftequent  thani 
usuaL     {Ibid.) 

3.  Dr.  Hettet  reports  as  effixrt  of  eating  fragment  of  bark,  gener 
malaise,  sensation  of  feebleness,  dimness  of  vision,  vertigo,  cold  sweat, 
and  nausea.     {Ibid*) 

4.  P — ,  a  student  of  medicine,  aet,  19,  in  good  health.     Took 
dr.  of  ist  cent.  diL  cverv  h.  from  8  a.m.,  March  4th.      ro.o.  Lancina* 
ting   pain  through    both  temples,  and  fine  pricking  pains  in    templ( 
Burning  in  and  darting  pains  through  stomach.     12.O.  Tired  sensatii 
of  lower  limbs,  chills  over  whole  body  as  from  water,  and  sharp  pain 
through    both  lungs,     1,0.  After  dinner,  sinking  feeling  in  stomach. 
3,0.  bevere  constriction  of  throat.     8.0.  Sharp  pricking  pain  in  stomach 
and  temples.     5th* — 10  a.m.  Aching  in  1.  lung  ;  discharge  of  bright  red 
blood  from  nose,  which  was  swollen,      j  1.0.  bevere  nausea,  as  from  fet 
meat,      i.o.  Sharp  pains   through    both    temples.      3.0.  Lancinating^ 
pains  through  whole  lower  limbs.     6.0.  Throat  feels  very  full.     6tl^| 
7th,  and  8th.  No  new  symptoms.     9th, — 9  a.m.  Bleeding  from  no^^ 
and  sharp  pains  through  both  lungs  ;  worse  when  taking  long  breath. 

J  2.0,  Mouth  very  sore,  and  feels  raw  and  burning,  as  if  from  presence 
of  acid.  1.30.  Lancinating  pains  in  both  temples,  and  deathly  faint- 
ness  of  stomach  after  dinner,  lasting  li  h,  4.  Sensation  as  from  a 
blow  in  r.  car.  6.30,  Trembling  of  legs.  lOth. — 8  a.m.  Mouth  sore 
and  raw,  and  oozing  of  blood  from  denuded  surface.  Faint  feeling, 
with  nausea.  Sharp  pains  in  both  lungs,  and  in  stomach,  as  from  pins. 
12.0,  Ringing  in  r,  ear.  2.0.  Bruised  sensation  on  r.  forearm.  5.0. 
Mouth  very  sore  and  painful,  discharge  of  blood  from  the  swollen 
♦  AUo  without  explanation. — Eds. 


in^ 


AILANTHUS. 


los 


gums*  1 2th, — 8  a.m.  Dryness  of  mouth,  and  bleeding  from  roof  and 
sides.  Nausea  in  abdomen,  lo.o.  Sharp  pain  through  r.  temple,  with 
nausea.  3.0.  Pricking  pain  through  1,  lung.  Trembling  of  legs* 
Ringing  in  ears  like  music.  15th. — 8  a.m*  Mouth  continues  very  sore, 
with  discharge  of  blood  and  stringy  saliva.  Teeth  feel  as  if  he  had 
taken  acid  in  mouth,  lO.o,  Pains  in  lungs  return,  and  trembling  of 
legs  and  bruised  sensation  of  r,  forearm.  Constriction  of  throac^  with 
sensation  of  foreign  body  there  for  about  10  m.  after  every  dose  of 
medicine.  Took  same  doses  up  to  25th»  with  no  new  symptoms. 
^  {Putfi.  of  Mass.  Horn.  Med.  Soc,^  iv,  120.) 

5.  in  proving  the  Ailanthus,  I  procured  the  flowers  just  before 
maturity,  had  them  carefully  dried,  and  of  these  made  a  tincture  of 
about  3j  to  the  pint,  I  first  took  it  myself,  in  drop- doses,  4  times  a 
d.,  for  3  weeks,  noticing  only  the  distinct  and  decided  symptoms,  and 
was  then  compelled  to  take  an  antidote.  I  then  gave  it  to  2  young 
men,  one  of  bilious,  the  other  of  lymphatic  temperament,  neither  of 
whom  knew  what  they  were  taking,  or  what  effects  I  was  looking  for. 
The  principal  symptoms  corresponded  perfectly,  though  one  refused  to 
take  it  after  a  few  days'  indisposition.  They  each  made  only  one  trial, 
continuing  it  about  2  weeks.  On  myself  I  have  tried  it  on  3  different 
occasions,  with  nearly  a  year  intervening  between  each  trial,  and  each 
continuing  more  than  three  weeks.  My  last  proving  was  with  the  ist 
dil.,  and  the  effects  were  quite  as  well  marked  as  those  of  the  tincture. 
Each  time  I  have  been  compelled  to  suspend  the  doses  after  the  3rd 
week,  and  twice  to  antidote  its  action  by  nux  vomica,  as,  by  that  time, 
the  throat,  lungs,  eyes,  and  head  (I  mention  them  in  their  order  of 
being  affected)  were  suffering  severely.  I  have  only  noted  such  sym- 
ptoms as  were  common  to  each  of  the  provers,  and  have  excluded  all 
which  did  not  seem  to  be  caused  by  the  action  of  the  drug.  The  sym- 
ptoms which  are  most  positive  are  printed  in  italics, 

a.  General  Symptoms. — Feeling  of  uneasiness,  and  aching  restless- 
ness in  limbs  j  electrical  thrill  exUnding  to  ends  of  fingers ;  heaviness  of 
extremities  i  peculiar  feeling  of  emptiness  in  stomach  ;  languor  and 
lassitude  on  making  exertion  \  tottering  gait  with  inclination  to 
stagger — requires  extra  effort  to  walk  straight ;  incapability  of  standing 
■long  at  a  time. 

h.  Head.^ — Vertigo,  especially  when  stooping;  headache-  darting 
pain  in  hack  of  head  ^  beating  in  occipital  arteries;  feeling  as  if  electrical 
currents  were  passing  through  1,  side  of  head  ;  catarrhal  obstruction  as 
from  cold  in  head ;  thicky  heavy  feelings  as  in  base  and  r.  side  of  the 
head;  tender  bruised  feeling  over  paneto- frontal  sutures  j  dizziness 
and  confusion  of  head ;  inability  to  guide  feet ;  staggering  dizziness 
when  rising  or  moving, 

r.  Emotive    Sphere, — Low- spirited  ;    continued    sighing;  restless- 
tucss  ;  confusion  of  ideas  ;  inability  to  concentrate  mental  effort ;  com- 
elled  to  read  a  subject  several  times,  to  get  a  misty  understanding  of 
'It ;  recklessness  in  regard  to  present  or  future  events ;  stoical  indiffer- 
ence to  what  happens. 

d.     Sentient    Sphere. — Loss    of     memory  ;    mental     alienation  ;* 
^  Tbii  must  have  been  something  quite  temporary  jind  luperfidal. — Eos. 


AILANTHUS. 


205 


gums.  12th. — 8  a.m.  Dryne^  of  mouth,  and  bleeding  from  roof  and 
sides.  Nausea  in  abdomen,  to.o.  Sharp  pain  through  r.  temple,  with 
naus<ea.  3.0,  Pricking  pain  through  ],  lung.  Trembling  of  \t^ 
Ringing  in  ears  like  music.  J5th.— 8  a.m.  Mouth  continues  %'cry  sore, 
with  diicharge  of  blood  and  stringy  saliva.  Teeth  fccJ  as  if  he  had 
taken  add  in  mouth.  lo.o.  Pains  in  lungs  return,  and  trembling  of 
legs  and  bruised  sensation  of  r*  forearm.  Constriction  of  throat,  with 
sensation  of  foreign  body  there  for  about  10  m,  after  every  dose  of 
medidcie.     Took   same   doses  up  to  25th,  with  no  new  symptoms. 


(PiiSL  sfMass.  Horn.  Mid.  Soc.y  iv,  120.) 

5,  In  proving  the   Ailanthus,  I   procured  the  flowers  just  before 
noaturity,  had  them  carefully  dried,  and  of  these  made  a  tincture  of 
about  3j  «o  the  pint.     I  first  took  it  myself,  in  drop-do$es,  ^  dmes  a 
d^  for  3  wceks»  noticing  only  the  distinct  and  dedded  symptoms,  and 
was  then  compelled  to  take  an  antidote.     I  then  gave  it  to  2  young 
mcn^  one  of  bilious,  the  other  of  lymphatic  temperament,  neither  of 
whom  knew  what  they  were  taking,  or  what  effects  I  was  looking  fjr. 
T*hc  principal  symptoms  corresponded  perfectly,  though  one  refused  to 
take  it  after  a  few  days'  indisposition.     They  each  made  onJy  one  trial, 
continuing  it  about  2  weeks.     On  myself  I  have  tried  it  on  3  different 
occasions,  with  nearly  a  year  intervening  between  each  trial,  and  each 
continaiiig  more  than  three  weeks.     My  last  proving  was  with  the  1st 
diL,  and  the  effects  were  quite  as  well  marked  as  those  of  the  tincture, 
Each  time  I  have  been  compelled  to  suspend  the  doses  after  the  3rd 
wrek,  and  twice  to  antidote  its  action  by  nux  vomica,  as,  by  that  time, 
ihc  throat,  lungs,  eyes,  and  head  (I  mention  them  in  their  order  of 
being  afiected)  were  suffering  severely.     I  have  only  noted  such  syro- 
^tom<  as  were  common  to  each  of  the  provers,  and  have  exduded  all 
which  did  not  seem  to  be  caused  by  the  action  of  the  drug.     The  sym- 
ptoms which  are  most  positive  are  printed  in  italics, 

fl*  General  Symptoms. — Feeling  of  uneasiness,  and  aching  restless- 
ncsi  in  limbs  ;  tUctrical  thriii  ixUnding  to  ends  of  fingers ;  heavmess  of 
extremities  y  peculiar  feeling  of  emptiness  in  stomach  ;  languor  and 
Jassitude  on  making  exertion  i  tottering  gait  with  inclination  to 
er— requires  extra  effort  to  walk  straight ;  incapability  of  standing 
_  at  a  time. 

^.  Head, — Vertigo,  especially  when   stooping;    headache;  darting 
fi'a  i^  ^ck  of  head',  beating  in  occipital  arteries  ;  feeling  as  if  electricai 
rrcnts  were  passing  through  1.  side  of  head  ;  catarrhal  obstruction  as 
cold  in  head ;  thicJt^  heavy  feelings  as  in  base  and  r.  side  of  the 
f^    tender  bruised   feeling  over  par leto- frontal    sutures ;    dizziness 
-  ^  head;  inability  to  guide   feet  j  staggering  dizziness 

'^^obve    Sphere. — Low-spirited;    continued    sighing;  resdess- 

'*^ fusion  of  ideas  ;  inability  to  concentrate  mental  effort ;  com- 

«^ad  a  subject  several  times,  to  get  a  misty  understanding  of 

^^5^^ssnc3s  \j\  regard  to  present  or  future  events  ;  stoical  inditfcr- 

^;^^./h»t  happens. 

"^    '  :    Sphere. — X-o$s    of     memory;    mental     alienation;* 

I  bfca  »<wpcthiag  quite  temporary  and  ftup<rticiai«^El>l, 


te6 


AILANTHUS. 


^apoplictic  fulmss  of  head^  rather  serous  than  sanguineous  ;^  electrical  thrill, 
starting  from  brain  and  extending  to  extremities  j  tingling  in  fingers, 

/.  Eyes. — Feel  rough  and  imtated  as  from  wind  and  dust;  smarting 
and  aching  of  the  eyes  as  from  application  of  powerful  astringents  ; 
burning  in  the  eyes;  lachrymation  in  open  air  or  by  brilliant  light; 
falling  out  of  eyebrows, 

y.  Nose. — Dryness  and  suppressed  secretion  ;  loss  of  smell ;  diffi- 
cult breathing  through  nose ;  itching  and  uneasy  feeling  around  nose, 

g.  Face. — Complexion  sallow,  blue,  and  inactive  j  irregular  spots  of 
capillary  congestion,  as  in  face  of  drunkard  after  a  debauch  ;  dusky 
bilious  complexion,  dark  blue  circle  around  eyes. 

A,  Throat* — Throat  tender  and  sore  on  swallowing,  or  on  admission 
of  air;  hawking  of  mucus  from  throat;  thick-,  cedematous,  and  dry 
choky  feeling  of  throat,  continuing  in  an  acute  form  only  a  short  time, 
and  then  becoming  chronic;  great  accumulation  of  matter,  part  of 
which  is  easily  expectorated,  while  a  portion  of  it  is  detached,  with 
much  exertion,  in  small  flakes  j  spreading  ulcers^  feeling  as  after  appli- 
cation of  nitrate  of  silver,  constant  hawking  and  efforts  to  raise 
hardened  lumps  of  whitish  matter  ;  thickened  swelled  feeling  of  muscles 
of  neck  j  tenderness  and  enlargement  of  parotid  and  thyroid  glands  ;  sen- 
sation as  after  an  astringent  to  pharynx  ;  croupy  choking ;  raising  of 
mucus  and  yellow  matter  from  the  throat. 

i.  Chest. — Pain  and  contracted  feeling,  especially  through  the 
centre  of  the  left  lung  ;  equable  oppression  as  though  chest  was  strapped  ; 
asthmatic  oppression  in  larger  bronchi  ;  aching^  pressed  feeling  of  dorsal 
vertebras;  heated^  burning  feeling  3iS  from  breathing  hot  steam  or  air  j 
excessive  soreness  and  tenderness  of  the  lungs,  compelling  suspension  of 
drug.  On  and  d.  after  suspension,  wheezing  asthmatic  respiration  j 
cough,  somewhat  oppressed  j  expectoration  muco-purulent,  free  in  m., 
sticky  and  scanty  during  d.  j  deep,  exhausting  cough  with  asthmatic 
expansion  of  the  lungs  j  convulsive  cough  ;  cough  deep,  and  painftil ; 
excessive  tenderness  all  over  the  lungs ;  feeling  as  though  air-cells  were 
stuck  together  j  inability  to  completely  expand  the  lungs  j  can  hear  the 
cells  open  as  the  lungs  expand.  Crepitant  rhonchus ;  tired  feeling  in 
lungs  rendering  it  almost  an  exertion  to  breathe  ;  stitching  and  aching 
in  the  chest ;  aching  pain  directly  under  clavicle,  sometimes  extending 
to  sternum  i  burning  pain  under  1*  shoulder ;  constant  aching  between 
shoulders  ;  burning  in  n  lungj  aching  in  front  of  L  lung,  extending 
to  back  j  aching  close  on  either  side  of  the  dorsal  vertebrae  \  pain,  as 
though  from  a  small  blade,  2  inches  1.  of  lower  portion  of  sternum  j 
shootings  aching  pain  in  the  shoulders  and  hips^t 

j.  Stomach. — No  particular  desire  for  food,  but  cats  his  usual  quan- 
tity. Inactive  condition  of  stomach  as  though  its  contractive  power 
was  impaired;  appetite  capricious  ;  tongue  thickly  covered  with  whitish 
coat,  brown  in  the  centre  ;  water  tastes  brackish  and  flat ;  no  desire  for 
drink  except  when  eating. 

k.  Abdomen.^ — Weak,  burning,  uneasy  feeling  in  the  bowels,  as  of 

•  This  must  describe  what  the  provcrs'  sensations  suggcsied.— Eds» 
+  Dr.  Alley's  pulmonary  symptoms  might  have  been  set  down  to  an  intercurrent 
chill,  but  thai  they  arc  confirmed  by  Dr.  Mintoa's  experiments. — Eds. 


AILANTHUS. 


107 


approaching  diarrhoea;  bowels  moved  easier  than  natural  2  or  j  times 
a  day.  Tympanites  j  slight  rumbling  in  the  bowels  j  looseness  of 
bowels,  seeming  most  in  the  large  intestines, 

/.  Fever, — ■I5ry>  hot  skin,  especially  in  m,,  lasting  until  middle  of  d, 
(Alley,  M  Am.  joum,  of  Horn, ^  vii,  385.) 

6.  a.  Dr.  Mintom  made  tincture  of  flowers,  leaves,  and  bark.,  and 
took  drop  doses  every  h.  for  12  h.,  when  confusion  and  pain  in  head 
were  so  severe  that  he  was  forced  to  discontinue  proving. 

h,  A  week  later  he  took  2  drops  every  2  h*,  on  ist  d.  from  8i  a.m. 
to  10^  p.m.,  on  2nd  d.  from  8  a,m.  to  6  p.m.  In  20  ra,  after  ist 
dose  slight  headache  with  nausea  and  giddiness;  in  50  m,,  severe 
darting  pain  through  temples  and  occiput,  with  confusion  of  ideas. 
After  2nd  dose,  thick,  heavy  feeling  also  in  head.j  figures  and  letters 
look  blurred  ;  in  making  up  some  accounts  found  it  almost  impossible 
to  add  up  a  column  correctly.  No  appetite  for  dinner,  everything 
tasting  flat  and  insipid.  In  20  m.  after  3rd  dose  pain  and  tightness  of 
chest ;  in  2  h.  irritability  of  throat  with  hawking  of  mucus.  In  36  m* 
after  4.th  dose  numbness  of  U  arm  and  sensation  as  if  fingers  were  asleep. 
In  i  h,  after  5th  dose  oppression  of  breathing.  In  4  h.  after  6th  dose 
soreness  in  internal  chest  with  pain  and  aching  in  lungs,  which  increased 
later,  and  were  accompanied  by  severe  pains  in  head  with  chills,  followed 
by  flushes  of  heat.  Sleep  disturbed  and  unrefreshing  ;  on  waking,  ting- 
ling sensadon  of  1,  arm  and  hand,  dull  headache,  no  appetite  for  break- 
fast, tongue  coated,  pastv  taste  in  mouth.  After  ist  dose  this  d. 
headache  set  in  immediately  with  some  confusion  of  intellect.  In  ^  h. 
after  2nd  dose  nausea  and  sickness  at  stomach,  with  sour  eructations. 
Loathing  of  food  at  mid*day  ;  and  soreness  of  glands  of  neck,  with  pains 
under  1.  scapula.  After  4th  dose  constajit  sharp  pain  through  small 
of  back  and  hips.  After  5th  pain  rn  back,  head,  and  neck,  with  numb- 
ness  of  arm,  still  continue.  After  6th  numbness  of  1,  leg  also,  with 
tingling,  pricking  pain  in  feet  and  toes. 

After  discontinuing  drug,  head,  throat,  and  chest  symptoms  lasted 
for  about  24  h.,  when  they  gradually  died  away.  The  numbness  of  arm 
and  leg,  with  pain  in  shoulders,  back,  and  hips,  lasted  4  or  5  d.  {North 
Amtr,  Journ,  of  Horn, ^  x,  358.) 

7.  tf.  A  young  man  («t- 28),  of  sanguine  temperament,  on  June 
6th,  at  5  p.m.,  took  5  drops  of  the  above  tincture.  In  \  h.  fulness  and 
somewhat  of  intoxicated  feeling  in  brain  1  also  fulness  in  throat,  with 
desire  to  hawk  up  something.  At  8^  p.m,  took  5  drops  and  in  15  m. 
felt  above  head  symptoms  return, 

b.  June  I2th, — At  8^  a.m.  took  3  drops,  In^h.  fulnessand  burn- 
ing in  brain  ;  sensation  of  cold  about  eyes  j  and  a  gnawing  in  chest. 
At  q\  took  3  more  drops.  In  2  h.  dull  heavy  headache,  with  heavy 
feeling  in  sternal  region.  Between  i  and  2  a  heavy  frontal  headache 
came  on  again,  with  drowsiness ;  went  to  sleep  and  slept  two  h. 
Severe  pain  through  temples  on  waking.  General  feeling  of  fulness  in 
system,  much  soreness,  irritability,  and  prickling  or  tingling  sensation 
in  skin.     Heavy  sleep  during  n,     {Ibid.) 

8.  Another  young  man,  a&t.  21,  began  by  taking  i  drop  every  h,  for 
8  doses,  without  eifect  save  a  slight  headache.     H  i  then  took  a  tea- 


268 


AILANTHUS. 


spoonful  at  once.  In  about  \  h.  began  to  feel  queer  and  somewhat 
frightened  ;  sensation  of  giddiness,  with  nausea  and  sickness  at  stomach, 
came  over  him  ;  cold  perspiration  stood  out  on  skin  ;  fingers,  and  indeed 
whole  body,  began  to  tingle  and  prick  ;  limbs  felt  as  if  asleep  ;  figures 
at  which  he  was  working  danced  up  and  down  ;  he  staggered  back,  and 
fell  into  his  chair,  almost  unconscious.  Bourbon  whisky  was  admin- 
istered, and  he  soon  began  to  vomit  and  purge,  which  continued  for  2 
b.  Even  2  d.  after  experiment  he  had  some  headache  and  numbness 
of  1*  arm.      {Ihid.) 

9.  a*  Dr  True  tasted  of  some  freshly-dug  ailanthus  root,  and  had 
repeated  vomiting,  unaccompanied  by  straining  and  retching,  but  with 
death-like  sickness. 

h.  Same  made  infusion  of  ^^tv  of  bark  to  Oj  of  water,  and  took 
two  tablespoonfufs  at  140,  2.15,  and  ;j.40,  and  three  at  4.40  p.m.  At 
5.20  noticed  heavy  ache  through  head  just  behind  ears ;  feeling  about 
articulations  of  jaws  like  mumps  ;  and  slight  nausea.  At  6,50  took 
six  tablespoon fuls,  throwing  up  dose  as  soon  as  swallowed  i  at  7,15 
nausea,  general  relaxation,  indisposition  to  exercise,  difficulty  of  keep- 
ing attention  fixed.  At  8.35  symptoms  were  abating,  and  at  9  they 
had  gone.  ^ 

£,  Next  d.  made  infusion  of  ^ij  of  bark  to  Oj  of  hot  water,  evaporated 
to  3viij,  and  took  whole  at  once.     Only  effect  was  slight  nausea,  and 
feeling  of  tension  through  head  just  behind  ears,  as  after  large  dose  of. 
quinine*     At  other  times  took  ^ij  of  saturated  tincture,  and  ate  bark' 
and  roots,  with  but  little  effect.     (Hempel,  Mat.  Med,^  3rd  cd.,  sub 
voce) , 

11.  Poisonings, — i ,  Two  young  girls  amused  themselves  one  evening 
by  stripping  the  outside  bark  from  the  young  and  tender  shoots  of  the 
ailanthus,  and  then,  after  writing  letters  on  the  stalks  with  the  point 
of  a  pin,  these  were  moistened  with  saliva  by  means  of  the  end  of  the 
finger.  This  was  many  times  repeated,  so  that  some  quantity  of  the 
juice  of  the  stalks  must  have  been  conveyed  to  the  mouth.  Both 
were  made  ill,  with  similar  symptoms,  but  one  the  much  more  severely. 
On  rising  she  felt  slightly  ill  ;  and  on  coming  to  breakfast  the  sight  of 
food  made  her  feel  so  much  worse  that  she  left  the  table  and  went  to 
her  room.  She  was  seized  suddenly  with  violent  vomiting  \  severe 
headache  j  intolerance  of  light  ;  dizziness  ;  hot,  red  face  ;  inability  to 
sit  up  ;  rapid  small  pulse  ;  drowsiness,  with  at  same  time  restlessness  \ 
and  great  anxiety*  Two  h,  after  first  attack  drowsiness  had  become 
insensibility,  with  constant  muttering  delirium  j  she  did  not  recognise 
members  of  family  ;  and  was  covered,  in  patches,  with  a  miliary  rash, 
of  dark,  almost  livid,  colour,  on  a  dull,  dingy,  opaque  ground,  more 
profuse  on  forehead  and  face  than  elsewhere.  Pulse  was  now  small, 
and  so  rapid  as  hardly  to  be  counted  ;  surface  had  become  cold  andi 
dry;  livid  colour  of  skin,  when  pressed  out  by  finger,  returned  veryi 
slowly.  In  about  3  h,  from  first  appearance  of  eruption  livid  colour 
began  to  lose  something  of  its  dark  hue  ;  restlessness  and  anxiety 
diminished  ;  pulse  became  more  distinct  and  less  frequent;  conscious- 
ness partially  returned  ;  eruption  became  a  brighter  red,  A  series 
rigors^  followed  by  burning  fever,  now  sec  \n^  and  continued  at  interva 


AILANTHUS. 


209 


for  a  fortnight.  Chill  was  always  preceded  by  a  miliary  eruption,  most 
copiously  developed  in  forehead  and  face.  During  chill  there  was 
great  hunger  with  distressing  sense  of  general  emptiness  i  any  food 
taken  was  speedily  vomited  ;  intolerable  pain  was  felt  in  nucha,  upper 
back,  and  r,  hip-joint.  During  hot  stage  there  was  urgent  thirst  with 
delirium,  and  strong  desire  for  brandy.  Each  year  since  this  poisoning 
patient  has  been  attacked  by  a  similar  miliary  rash  at  season  of  blossom- 
ing of  ailanthus,  and  is  more  or  less  ill  with  it,  (P.  P.  Wells,  Amir. 
Horn,  Reviiw^  iv,  385,  and  Monthly  Ham,  Revltw..^  xi^  289*) 

2.  Dr.  Wells  himself  experiences  annually,  on  the  blossoming  of 
the  tree,  a  peculiar  dull,  heavy,  pressing  pain  in  forehead,  of  no  great 
severity,  but  indisposing  to  or  even  incapacitating  for  all  exertion, 
especially  mental.  He  describes  also,  as  common  to  many  others  with 
himself,  a  feeling  at  this  time  of  "  uncertainty  "  in  the  bowels,  as  if 
they  might  be  attacked  with  looseness  any  minute.  {Anur,  Horn.  Rev.^ 
vi,  2680 

3.  Dr,  De  Wolf  noticed,  for  many  years,  effects  of  aroma  of 
blossoms  on  self  and  others,  and  enumerates  them  as — nausea,  vomiting, 
diarrhoea,  and  spasmodic  abdominal  pains.     [Phiiad.  Journ,  ^f  Hom.y  ii, 

576.) 

4.  M,  Decaisne  reports  that  the  gardeners  employed  in  trimming 
ailanthus  trees  suffer  from  nausea,  and  sometimes  from  vomiting,  with 
prostration.      (Giraud,  Qp.  cit,) 

5.  Dr.  Alley  noticed  effects  of  arorna  in  two  persons. 

a.  In  a  woman,  throat  was  dry,  rough,  and  scrapy,  more  so  in  m.  ; 
there  was  hawking  up  of  greenish,  puruloid  matter  ;  fauces  and  tonsils 
were  inflamed,  with  spots  of  incipient  ulceration  ;  thirst  for  cold  drinks, 
heavy  dull  headache,  with  great  oppression  of  bronchise  ;  violent  fits  of 
coughing  before  retiring  and  on  rising,  lasting  till  expectoration  becomes 
free  (comfortable  during  d.). 

h*  A  man  always  experienced  occipital  headache,  vertigo,  squeezing 
pain  in  forehead,  and  swelling  of  L  cheek  ;  soreness  and  pain  on  1.  side 
of  nose,  puffed  erysipelatous  face  ;  nausea  at  intervals,  sleepiness  and 
heaviness,     {U.S.  Journ.  of  Horn. ^  i,  285.) 

6.  Mrs.  K — ,  then  in  her  climaxis,  and  for  many  years  a  sufferer 
from  gastric  derangement,  called  Dr.  Meschter,  complaining  of  sym- 
ptoms which  she  referred  to  her  dyspepsia*  She  had  pale  colour  of  face, 
dry  skin,  coated  tongue,  pains  in  hypogastrium  and  hips,  jaundice  and 
tenderness  over  hepatic  region,  constipation,  difEcult  micturition,  and 
an  accelerated  pulse.  Next  d.  patient  was  no  better,  and  the  doctor 
found  her  youngest  daughter  sick  in  bed  with  same  symptoms.  Both 
got  worse  from  d.  to  d.,  vomited  repeatedly,  and  complained  of  constant 
violent  increasing  pain  in  stomach.  The  second  daughter  then  became 
ill,  and  presented  identical  symptoms.  The  father,  who  was  awapr  at 
work  all  d.,  was  at  last  affected  precisely  like  the  others.  The  doctor 
suspected  poison,  and  at  length  learned  that  the  brook  water  used  by  the 
family  tasted  badly.  Un  examination,  the  roots  of  an  ailanthus  were 
found  extending  into  it  ;  and  the  flavour  was  such  as  impregnation  with 
its  bark  would  produce.  On  discontinuing  use  of  water  family  became 
and  remained  well,     {Phihd.  Med.  and  Surg^  Rep.^  Feb.,  1872.) 


2  to 


ALETRIS. 


7*  Three  little  boys  tmoked  stems  of  ailinthus  like  cigars*  They 
had  giddiness,  nausea,  with  retching  and  some  yomiting;  frequent 
watery  dejections,  expelled  with  great  force  ;  burning  in  stomach  SLiid 
bowels,  colicky  pains  in  bowels.  The  giddiness  and  nausea  lasted  off 
and  on  for  2  or  3  d.     (Williamson,  N.  Am,  Joum.  of  H/im.y  x,  360,) 

8.  Dr*  True  published  an  article  in  the  EcL  Mid.  Journ,^  oept., 
1875,  relating  alleged  poisoning  with  bark  in  two  children,  set,  4  and 
6,  with  following  symptoms  :■ — Drowsiness  and  sleepiness  ;  pube  slow 
and  full,  but  regular  \  breathing  natural ;  they  would  vomit  during 
sleep,  but  without  waking ;  could  be  roused  by  shaking,  but  then 
seemed  sleepy  only,  soon  going  ofF  again,     (Hempil,  9p,  cit.) 

9.  Local  effects. — Revcil  states  that  gardeners  are  obliged  to  protect 
their  face  and  hands  when  trimming  the  trees,  else  they  suffer  from 
vesicular  and  even  pustular  eruptions.  He  also  affirms  that  the  resinous 
substance  extracted  from  the  bark  by  ether  produces  vesication  when 
applied  to  the  skin*  Giraud  applied  to  skin  compresses  saturated  with 
infusion  of  bark,  and  found  them  produce  a  large  number  of  small 
elevations,  circumscribed,  surrounded  by  a  very  small  inflamed  areola, 
and  filled  with  a  turbid  liquid  looking  like  pus,  Dr,  Lindsley  observed 
a  case  in  which  a  young  lady,  sleeping  on  a  lounge  by  an  open  window 
in  front  of  which  was  an  ailanthus  in  full  bloom,  had  upon  her  skin, 
wherever  uncovered,  a  vesicular  inflammation  resembling  the  eruption 
caused  by  Rhus,  He  applied  the  juice  of  a  freshly-broken  twig  of  the 
tree  to  her  arm,  and  it  produced  a  copious  eruption  upon  a  surface 
much  larger  than  the  part  touched.  [N,  Amer.  Journ.  9f  H^m,^  xxx, 
85,  and  Hempel,  op,  cit.) 


ALETRIS. 

Aletris  farlnoia,  L.     Star.grass.     Nat.  Ord.,  Hsmudor^icict. 

I.  Provings, —  I.  Man.  Took^  Nov,  ird,  10  dropi  of  1,  at  a. 30  p.tii,>  and  t% 
drops  at  4.  At  4.30  slight  nausea  with  pressure  lo  forehead;  nausea  increa&cd 
till  6,  when  a  meal  relieved  it  for  i  h.,  it  then  retxiracd  and  lasted  all  e.,  sight  or 
thought  of  grease  causing  him  to  ga^.  At  7.30  took  40  drops^  and  at  %  next  m.  50 
drops.  Five  m*  after  latter  felt  weight  at  occiput,  as  if  it  would  draw  head  back* 
wards>  neck  not  having  strength  to  prevent  it  5  at  same  time  feeling  as  if  sealp  there 
were  contracting  from  side  to  side*  All  passed  off  while  breakfasting  30  m»  Itter, 
At  11.30  took  65  drops,  75  at  3,  and  85  at  4.  Stool  was  harder  and  more  difficult 
than  usual  \  and  soon  after  last  dose  there  was  filight  pain  in  occiput  and  nucha  for 
10  m.  Nov.  5. — ^At  9  a.m.  took  40  drops  of  tlnct.  Stool  as  yesterday.  At  10, 
dull,  heavy  headache  In  different  regions,  continuing  all  d.,and  increasing  after  every 
dose.  At  %  and  3.30  took  75  drops.  No  new  symptoms,  but  headache  muci  worte. 
(Dr.  J,  W,  KiNc^  Amer.  Homotopathut^  March»  1885.) 

X.  Woman.  Nov.  3rd,  at  1,30  p.m.,  took  11  drops  of  j,.  At  3.»o  senaation  a& 
if  back  would  break  just  above  wajst.  At  4  took  10  drops.  At  5,10  »amc  pain, 
,  a  Uple  higher  up ;  at  7  a  sharp  pain  ran  from  angle  of  I.  scapula  through  to  L 
I  brmt.  At  7,30  took  50  drops.  At  8,10  feeling  as  if  eyelids  were  being  preyed 
downwards,  she  could  hardly  raise  them.  Nov.  4. — At  8.30  a.m.  took  50  drops, 
Just  before  dose,  slight  pain  in  occiput;  and  immediately  afterwards  great  weight 
there.  At  11,30  took  65  drops,  with  same  result.  At  3  took  75  drops,  and  tek 
pressure  in  forehead  over  eyes  and  queer  sensation  behind  cars.  At  4  took  85  dropii. 
At  4.10  heaviness  in  occiput,  forehead  feeU  as  in  a  vice,  with  dull  pain  running  from 
r,  temple  over  eye  into  eyeball.     Soon  after  dinner,  dull  aching  in  hypogastrium  and 


ALETRIS. 


2Cf 


acroM  back  of  hips»  No  stool  since  taking  drug  till  S  this  e.,  then  hard,  scanty  and 
difficult,  followecl  by  urinar)^  tenesmus  for^  h»  (usually  has  two  or  three  stools  daily). 
Nov.  5, — At  9  a.m.,  30  drops  of  tinct.  In  30  m.  occipital  heaviness,  feeling  as  if 
temples  were  pressed  together,  with  occasional  twinge  of  pain  in  r«  temple.  Took 
4.5  drops  at  11.30^  and  75  at  x  and  3.30.  Soon  after  last  ache  in  back  of  head  and 
pressure  over  eyes,  with  sense  of  uneasiness  for  a  few  m.  only.  Urination  rare  while 
staking  drug.     (litU.) 

3.  Man.     Dec,  49. — At  S  a.m.  took  35  drops  of  tinct.,  and  at  noon  40  drops. 
'  30th. — 48  oz.  oi  urine  passed  during  last  24  h,,  sp.  gr.  1015.     Took  40  drops  in  m., 

30  at  noon.  3jst. — Took  30  drops  at  m.  and  noon.  At  6  p.m.  bowels  moved  for 
first  time  since  taking  drug,  stool  hard,  scanty ,*,and  difficult.  All  afternoon  felt  pain 
in  r.  side  of  throat,  and  at  5  in  1.  side  close  up  under  jaw,  with  thirst.  Dr.  King 
examined  with  laryngoscope  and  found  hyperemia  of  mucous  membrane  of  both 
pharynx  and  larynx.  Appetite  entirely  gone,  has  to  force  himself  to  eat.  All  aftcr- 
on  tired  and  relaxed,  with  dull,  heavy,  confused  feeling  in  head ;  cannot  concen- 
trate mind  for  study.  Jan.  i, — Urine  of  last  14  h.  amount*  to  i>  02.,  sp.  gr.  101a. 
At  8. 30  a.m.  took  30  drops.  At  9.30  stool  as  before*  2nd — Very  restless  during 
past  n.;  urine  of  24  h.  48  oz.,  sp,  gr.  1020,  At  2,30  p.m.,  30  drops.  Soon  after 
pain  in  1.  occiput  just  behind  ear,  for  about  %  h. ;  some  short  lasting  pain  also  in 

~|hroat.  Frequent  attempts  at  stool,  but  abortive  until  10.30  p.m.  3rd.— Urine  40  oz., 
_  ,  gr.  1030.     At  9  a.m.,  60  drops.     Almost  immediately  strange  feeling  all  through 

"^liead,  gradually  settling  down  to  dull  pain  in  occiput^  which  passed  off  in  10  m.  4Ui« 
— ^Urine  48  02.,  sp.  gr.  1012.  Took  50  drops  at  8.30  a.m.  At  10,  stool  as  before, 
5th. — Urine  40  oz,,  sp.  gr,  1022,  At  9.45  a.m.,  65  drops.  Stool  rather  easier. 
Took  60  drops  at  2.30  and  4.30,  and  65  at  6  p.m.  Soon  after  last  dose  pain  in 
centre  of  nucha,  running  off  into  I.  shoulder,  continuing  there  30  m.  Pain  m  neck 
then  moved  up  into  occiput^  where  it  continued  all  e.,  till  he  fell  asleep.  At  7*30 
intermittent  pain  in  r.  ant.  pillar  of  fauces,  like  electric  shocks,  slow  but  strong, 
aggravated  by  any  movement  of  head  putting  muscles  on  stretch.  Inspection  showed 
hyperemia  as  before.  For  last  3  d.  has  had  soreness  inside  tip  of  nose.  6th. — 
tfnne  42  oz.,  sp.  gr.  1030.     At  9  a.m.,  65  drops.     Stool  thin  and  diarrhceic,  with 

^hard  lumps  in  it.  After  three  doses  of  60  drops  each  griping  in  abdomen  for  i  h. 
"Took  60  drops  more  in  e.  All  d.  headache  on  vertex,  much  aggravated  by  bending 
[Jrwards,  Nose  less  sore.  7th. — Urine  40  oz.,  sp,  gr.  1024,  Two  doses  of  60 
drops  to.day.  Headache  continued^  aggravated  by  difficult  stool.  Nose  nearly  well. 
«th, — Urine  44  oz,,  sp.  gr  1022.  Stool  hard,  but  expulsion  easy.  Vertex  headache 
i  before.  9th. — Stool  to-day  natural  for  first  time  since  taking  drug.  Throughout 
proving,  and  up  to  15th,  lay  awake  till  12  or  i,  sleep  then  restless  till  late  inm.,  when 
"  became  calm.*     {IbidJ) 

4,  Woman.  Jan.  ist. — So  drops  of  dnct,  md.— Urine  54  oz.,  sp.  gr,  loaa* 
Took  So  drops.  3rd, — Urine  50  oz.,  sp,  gr.  1022.  At  9,30  a.m.,  60  drops.  At 
.,25  p.m.,  pain  commenced  at  pubes,  ran  down  1.  labium  and  then  shot  upwards^ 

liveiging  to  I.,  coming  out  near  umbilicus.  Pain  was  as  of  a  knife-thrust  j  lasted 
1  m.  only.  (When  commencing  to  prove  drug,  a  prohise  yellow  and  mat-odorous 
leucorrhoea  was  present,  having  existed  for  years,  and  increased  during  last  two 
months  i  on  and  d,  diM:hargc  was  much  less,  and  on  3rd  almost  imperceptible.) 
4ih, — Urine  64  oz.,  sp.  gr.  1020  j  phosphates  slightly  increased.  Took  60  drops, 
5th. — Took  65,  60,  and  60  drops  between  9  and  4.  At  4.30  heaviness  on  vertex 
and  in  forehead  over  tyt%.  Much  flatulence  after  food  (quite  unusual)  to-day  and 
sterday.  In  e.  65  and  60  drops  between  6  and  8.  Between  8.30  and  9.30  several 
aroxysms  of  pain,  tearing  or  cutting,  in  hypogaatrium  and  r,  thigh,  lasting  a — 5  m., 
once  so  sudden  and  severe  as  to  make  her  cry  out.  6th. — On  rising  deathly  **  gone"* 
feeling  in  stomach.  Urine  64  oz.,  sp.  gr,  1020.  Took  five  doses  of  65  or  60  drops 
each  during  d.  Ever  since  taking  drug  has  had  profuse  watery  discharge  from  nose, 
without  other  indications  of  coryza.  At  2.30  compressive  pain  in  temples ;  at  4 
sharp  pain  in  r.  shoulder,  running  down  arm  and  chest  to  above  nipple,  lasting  10  m. ; 
at  4.15  dull  pain  in  vertex  and  great  weight  fn  occiput ;  at  4.30  pain  behind  r,  ear 


•  This  prover  had  suffered  for  years  from  pain  after  stool,  beginning  in  i^ — x  h., 
and  lasting  3 — ^4  h.  After  bcgiiming  to  take  drug  he  had  no  pain,  nor  liad  any 
ecurrcd  when  he  reported  on  Jan.  31st. 


lit 


ALETRIS. 


running  down  stMuo* mastoid.  At  5.40  severe  cramp-like  pain  in  each  groiiij  lasting 
5  m.,  accompanied  with  tccling  that  she  roust  hurry  to  closet,  but  stool  was  perfcctly 
natural  j  tor  40  m,  dull  aching  in  groins  occasionally  running  down  thighs,  and  roost 
intent  in  knee.joint«».  In  jo  m,  after  last  dose  (7  p.m.)  sharp  pain  in  groins,  con- 
tinuing all  e.  All  afternoon  and  c.  abdomen  ast  it  filled  with  wind,  moving  from 
place  to  place,  and  causing  pain,  which  i^  relieved  by  passing  it.  Soreness  felt  inside 
nose  for  2  d.,  r.  side  worst.  On  inspection  a  small  crack  was  found  inside  r.  nostril. 
7th. — Sleep  greatly  disturbed  by  troubled  dreams.  '*  Gone  "  feeling  again  on  rising* 
relieved  by  food.  Urine  64  or.,  sp.  gr.  loio.  Took  60  drops  at  10.30  a,m*  At  }t 
dull  pain  over  r.  cj-e,  running  into  ball,  relieved  by  closing  eye,  at  same  time  nausea 
and  dull  pain  in  lower  abdomen  j  at  11.30  pain  as  of  a  knife-stab  in  1.  breast  for 
2  m.  Since  xnd  d,  of  proving  there  has  been  an  eruption  across  chest  and  upper 
back,  itching  intolerably,  reliet  from  rubbing,  but  aggravation  from  scratching  with 
nails.  It  appeared  a  simple  papillary  rash  with  much  hyperemia  (and  hypcRBSthesia) 
of  surrounding  integument.  1  ith. — Every  m.  since  discontmumg  drug  has  had 
headache,  with  "  gone  '*  feeling  at  stomach  relieved  by  food.  Until  11th  (since  ylii) 
unable  to  sleep  till  late,  then  terrible  dreams  on  falling  asleep,  wakening  her,  until 
late  in  m.  On  a5th  catamenia,  Bcanty,  but  more  paink&s  than  for  years  past,* 
(Ibid.) 

5,  Man  proved  fluid  extract.  On  Jan.  13th  took  60  drops;  on  t4th,  dodrops  at 
8.30  a.m.,  and  65  drops  at  11.30,  At  it.45  sharp  lancinating  pain  in  r.  eyeball, 
lasting  about  10  m.  At  11,30  took  Jj  :  about  5  m.  later  cramps  all  through  abdo- 
nieti,  continuing  some  30  m.  At  4  took  5j :  soon  after  pain  all  through  abdomen, 
settling  down  into  hypogastrium,  relieved  temporarily  by  passing  Aatus,  permanently 
by  scanty  loose  stool  at  6.30.  At  7,30  again  5J  ;  and  in  10  m.  same  pains,  aggra- 
vated by  bending  forwards,  relieved  by  bending  backwards;  in  10  m*  more  whole 
intestine*  seemed  sunk  down  into  hypogastrium  and  being  cut  by  knives.  After 
10  m.  scanty  loose  stool  relieved  pain.  »5th. — 26  oz.  of  urine  passed  during  last 
24  h,,  sp.  gr.  1026,  At  9  a.m.  took  5j.  In  forenoon  mind  confused  and  wandering, 
much  effort  required  to  concentrate  thoughts.  Pain  since  rising  till  3.30  p.m.  in  abdo- 
men, cKtcfly  hypogastrium,  by  spelU,  at  last  relieved  by  very  scanty  loose  stool,  with 
and  after  which  was  much  tenesmus  and  feeling  as  if  anus  was  closed.  16th. — 
Ytisterday  and  to-day  nose  sore  just  inside  tip  to  1.  Since  taking  drug  faeces  and 
flatus  highly  offensive.  For  last  three  nights  could  not  sleep  till  very  late,  and  then 
sleep  was  restless  till  late  in  m.  This  continued ,  with  dcsultorincss  of  thoughts,  till 
22nd,     {Ibid,) 

6.  Woman  proved  same.  On  Jan.  13th,  »  p.m.,  took  60  drops.  At  1.35  heavy 
weight  in  occiput,  witli  dull  pain  over  eyes  and  through  temples.  At  9,30  felt  as  if 
about  to  faint,  with  nausea.  14th,  9  a.m.,  60  drops.  At  noon  fore  part  of  head  felt 
as  if  in  vice.  At  12.30  took  60  drops,  with  same  result.  At  1  took  Jj.  At  2.45, 
pain  running  in  1  m,  from  back  of  car  down  ste  mo- mast  old,  leaving  it  sore  to  touch. 
At  4  trxjk  5j.  At  7  sharp  pain  for  1  m,  in  1.  breast,  then  through  into  back  near 
angle  of  r.  scapula.  At  7.30  again  5J.  At  8.5  returning  of  food  eaten  at  5.50, 
with  burning  in  throat.  At  9.30  pain  from  ant.  sup.  spinous  process  of  ilium  to 
pubcs,  with  feeling  as  if  diarrhoea  would  come  on,  which  did  not  occur.  15th. — ^At 
4  a«in.  same  pain  tor  5  m.,  then  aching  down  legs  to  feet,  and  up  back,  finally  settling 
across  back  of  hips ;  felt  there  on  rising  at  7.45,  when  she  felt  very  tired,  and  had 
also  pain  and  heaviness  in  occiput,  with  sharp  pain  down  r.  trapezius,  aggravated  by 
bending  forward,  and  Wf  'vtrsd.  All  passed  off,  save  headache,  at  8.  Passed 
43  oz.  of  urine  in  24  h,,  sp.gr.  1020,  At  9  took  ^j'  All  that  n»  pain  running  down 
thighs,  worse  in  knees,  causing  her  to  toss  about  in  bed  and  preventing  sleep.  On 
rising  pain  ran  as  before  from  ilium  to  pubes  (she  has  this  at  periods).  In  afternoon, 
when  sitting,  annoying  pain  in  knees.  Since  taking  drug  nights,  especially  fore  pari, 
have  been  very  restless.  A  dull,  heavy  bearinF  down  in  hypogastrium  all  this  d.  On 
1 7th  courses  came,  painlessly  for  first  time  in  life  j  they  were  true  to  time,  but  scarcely 
h  al f  th  e i  r  usu al  q uant i  t y .     ( Ibid.) 

^  The  hypogastric  symptoms  of  this  prover  were  familiar  to  her  during  her 
catamenia. 


ALLIUM  CEPA, 


213 


ALLIUM   CEPA. 

AUmm  Cepa,  Willd.    Common  onion,     Nat.  Ord.,  Liliactm. 

I.  Pro^ingi, — 1.  a.  Dr.  Herjno  took  on  Nov.  13th  5  drops  of  tinct.  twice  at 
midday.  Very  soon,  nausea ;  a  little  latcr^  pain  in  r.  4th  and  5th  fingers,  and  small 
appcanmce  of  letters  on  becoming  sleepy  while  reading.  In  5  m.  painful  scmatioii 
from  throat  to  eaxsj  10  ra,,  pain  from  both  sides  of  head  downwards  and  tncreafltd 
towards  middle;  15  m.,  ear^,  throat,  and  region  of  root  of  tongue  were  yet  more 
decidedly  affected  }  lo  m.,  prestsive  pain  over  r.  eye;  30m.,  in  ist  upper  r,  molar& 
sensitive  drawing  from  root  to  crown,  afterwards  in  corresponding  L  teeth ;  50  m., 
fpots  hotter  than  usual  on  r.  cheek,  and  pains  moving  from  deep  in  head  to  can;,  as  it 
were  thick  threads  about  a  finger  longT  remaining  in  particular  spots  of  size  of  nuts. 
During  tst  h.^  bruised  pain  in  outer  \,  thigh  near  knee :  after  it^  pains  deep  in  head 
over  1.  brow,  and  from  deep  in  occiput  to  behind  ears^  with  oppression  there  j  supra- 
oibital  itching,  mostly  l.j  twitching  and  gnawing,  describea  as  *' chilling  or  bum- 
"'Kj  *  *n  ''•  throat,  near  Eustachian  orifice,  neither  painful ;  abdomen  distended  (before 
dinner)  so  that  clothes  feel  too  tight;  on  walkmg,  a  sudden  burning  or  chilling 
thread-like  cutting  in  abdomen  from  both  sides  to  middle  and  upwards  •  in  anus  and 
some  protruding  pile*  a  cold,  worm -like  creeping.  In  70  m.,  prcssive  pain»  almost 
burning,  in  upper  and  outer  1,  thigh ;  75  m»^  burning  pains  around  1*  outer  ankle, 
and  a  burning  pressure,  first  without,  then  also  within;  90  ro.,  burning  glow  or 
chilling  M^n^tion,  with  oppression,  in  r.  abdomen*  followed  by  emission  o\  flatus ; 
pains  in  r,  and  I.  thigh.     Ail  symptoms  disappeared  after  dinner  (90  m.). 

h,  Sept.  15th  and  ''following  days,''  took  tincture  (doses  not  specified).  On 
ist  d.,  in  c.,  prcssive  occipital  headache,  later  merging  into  sense  of  part  being 
asleep  i  persistent  benumbed  feeling  in  back  of  throat  i  burning  aching  in  eyebrows, 
supra*orbitaI  region  and  upper  lidsj  sensation  as  of  smoke  under  upper  lidsj  while 
walking  in  street  unwonted  nasal  defluxion,  without  feeling  of  coryzaj  thread-like 
pain  deep  in  f.  upper  jawbone,  as  in  a  nerve,  from  above  downvvards  and  from  middle 
to  side ;  much  soft  bland  mucus  in  throat,  compelling  swallowing  or  hawking  j 
pressure  deep  in  epigastrium,  otten  recurring*  as  if  in  cardiac  orifice  and  posterior 
wall  of  stomach  ;  within  pelvis,  at  upper  and  inner  region  of  groin,  severe  pressure 
on  a  *maU  spot,  afterwards  becoming  violent  pain^  burning  pressure  in  region 
of  bladder  ana  soon  afterwards  in  sacrum  (10  p.m.)  j  warm  or  chilling  sensa- 
tion, as  if  a  glow  within  beat  on  r.  abdomen,  and  in  both  iliac  regions, — sur- 
face feeling  warm  only ;  painful  embarrassed  feeling  in  L  forearm,  especially  in 
radius,  while  resting  one  arm  in  writing  ;  pains  in  r.  wrist,  on  dorsal  and  extensor 
side ;  all  e.  voluptuous,  corrosive  itching  on  L  thumb  ^  excessive  tired  feeling  in  both 
hips,  on  Hiding  from  sitting,  and  on  walking,  especially  on  going  upstairs  ^  burning 
pressure  on  small  spot  at  middle  of  both  legs  ^  pains  in  r.  foot*  and  especially  in  1. 
great  toe;  slight  corrosive  itching  here  and  there,  at  scats  of  which  small  points 
appear,  with  desire  to  rub  or  wash  them.  At  n.,  on  account  of  weakness  in  hip* 
could  not  complete  coition,  though  he  attempted  it  more  than  once.  On  snd  d«  the 
pain  in  r.  upper  jaw  extended  to  nose  ;  the  pain  in  middle  of  I.  radius  disappears  on 
grasping  and  rubbing  it^  but  returns.  On  boih  d,,  in  afternoon,  after  wine  and 
coffee,  much  business  utterly  confused  and  distracted  him,  he  forgot  and  confounded 
one  thing  with  another  to  the  utmost  degree.  On  4th  and  5th  d.,  violent  cutting  pains 
as  from  small  knives  in  twisting  motion^  deep  in  above  L  groin  in  middle  of  Poupart's 
ligament  j  this  pain,  quite  new  to  him,  moves  to  and  fro  in  a  small  space.  On  ^th^ 
5th,  and  6th  d.,  after  coitus  at  n,,  pressive  pains  deep  in  pelvis,  as  in  bladder  and 
prostate,  during  m.  and  forenoon.  From  4th  to  7th  d.,  ringing  in  ears  now  and  then, 
as  from  distant  soundsi  mostly  in  best  ear.  From  loth  to  iith  d.  blood  with  stooL 
(Amerik,  Arxmiprufimgtn.) 

1.  Dr.  Jeanes  "  proved  drug  on  himself/'  in  what  manner  is  not  stated  •  He 
had  unusual  sweating  while  preparing  tincture,  pungent  smell,  biting  and  weeping  in 
eyes,  and  sneezing,  after  taking  it  r  also  (immediately)  shooting  and  pressive  pain  in 


*  Probably  in  4th  dil.     See  GmSng  S/mptomif  tub  voce  Ckpa. — £ds. 


214 


ALLIUM   CEPA. 


I 


I 


I 


I 


t 


intenuil  tnguinal  ring  and  spcimatic  cord  |  later,  on  ist  d,|  pain  in  region  of  r.  kidnnr, 
shifting  on  and  to  L^  with  irritability  of  bladder.  On  xnd  d,  m»,  raw  feeling  m 
throaty  with  ticidmg  in  region  of  epiglottic,  first  r.  and  then  I, ;  therewith  *«:nse  of 
wtaknesa  in  stomach,  very  annoying  hiccough  and  bringing-up  of  frothy,  *aliva4iktf, 
mucous  fluid,  with  flatulent  eructation  and  expulsion  ^  there  vns  constant  inclination 
to  hacking,  to  remove  tickling  in  lar)^nx ;  after  breakfast,  violent  pain  in  r.  ankle 
and  rumbling  in  epigastrium.  On  both  days,  hoarseness.  On  jrd  d.  and  later  some 
purging.  To  this  prover  arc  also  referred,  without  note  of  time,  the  symptoms — 
weight  and  pain  in  head  (latter  in  **  region  of  orean  of  comccntration  ") ;  cloudy 
sight  in  c.  by  candlelight ;  pain  in  region  of  pytorus ;  pressure  on  bladder  j  %*cry 
red  urine,  with  reddish. yellow  sandy  siediment ;  shooting  pain  in  various  parts  of 
chest  J  rheumatic  pains  in  joints;  pain  in  r.  great  toe  and  L  middle  finger;  snooting 
pain  in  I.  leg  and  r,  foot ;  dreams  of  dangerous  positions  and  efforts  to  escape  from 
them.*    (JhiJ.) 

3.  Dr.  Alleborn  proved  tinct.  on  four  men,  who  took  from  1  to  50  diopt 
!ieveral  days  in  succession. 

a,  *' G."     Dull  pressive  pain  in  head;  a  bright  dazzling  in  distance  with   ' 
vision  near  by  ;  continual  eructations,  nausea^and  pressure  in  stomach,  with  rum^ 
and  gurgling  in  hypogastrium,  especially  on  1.  side,  where  there  is  sticking  and  ci 
ing,  with  ineffectual  urging  to  stool  j  pre*sive  pain  in  hepatic  region,  extending  thi 
whole  abdomen  ;  biting  in  anus;  burning  pain  in  forepart  of  glans  penis ;  stii^J,^- 
in  1.  chest  and  r.  arm  with  burning  patn  ;  lameness  in  joints  of  I.  hand ;  paralytic  painfi 
in  knee.joints ;  stitches  as  with  needles  in  skin,  especially  on  head,  forehead^  brows, 
throat,  loins,  and  r,  arm*     It  attacks  at  once  whole  body  and  causes  a  shuddering 
throughout,  with  eructations  of  gas. 

h,  **  L/*  Burning  in  lids  5  colic  in  umbilical  region  ;  pain  on  1.  side  of  abdomen 
as  from  a  brui^  i  desire  for  food,  changing  to  disgust  on  beginning  to  eat  ^  the  whole 
body  is  put  into  a  revolution  which  the  prover  is  not  in  a  condition  to  describe. 

c.  "P."  Feeling  of  emptiness  in  stomach,  and  drawing  to  and  fro  therein,  with 
some  pain  on  1.  side;  pressure  in  stomach  and  fulness  in  head,  with  much  yawning; 
weak  feeling,  especially  in  arms* 

d.  **  W."     Eructations  of  wind  immediately,  then  oppression  of  head,  espcr*  ' 
in  forehead,  and  distension  of  abdomen ;    thereupon  urgency  to  stool,  but 
passage  of  wind  ;  therewith  weak  feeling  in   limbs,  and  in  c,  free  expectoration  or 
mucus.     The  distension  of  abdomen  continued  until  next  day,  and  ended  with  a 
diarrhea,  on  which  all  other  symptoms  also  vanished  (from  50  drops  several  times 
repeated),     (IbU,) 

4*  Dr-  Eckel  took,  on  ist  d.,  before  breakl^st^  z  drops,  on  3rd,  4  drops.  Very 
soon,  rumbliog  in  abdomen  with  passage  of  much  wind,  preceded  by  heat  and 
frequent  eructations.  After  breakfast,  for  24  h,  great  dryness  of  soft  palate,  pressive 
headache  over  eyes,  with  at  times  electric-like  shocks  through  head;  therewith  sen- 
sation as  if  whole  head  was  bathed  in  warm  water.  Frequent  eructations,  stomach 
distended,  and  pains  in  abdomen,  relieved  by  emission  of  flatulence  t  internal  heat 
therewith*  Periodic  pain  in  pubic  region,  worse  while  sitting.  Frequent  cold 
shivers  creep  along  back.  In  afternoon  roaring  in  I.  ear,  as  heretofore  only  after  a 
severe  cold.  After  coffee  an  irritation  on  1.  upper  lid,  necessitating  frequent  rubbing  ; 
in  e,,  lachrymation  of  eyes  with  coryia,  I  eye  red  and  sensitive  to  light ;  worse  in  warm 
room.  Towards  e.  stitches  in  I.  side,  excessive  thirst,  heat,  and  severe  coryza  with 
much  lachr^^mation,  headache  ;  discharge  from  nose  was  acrid  and  burning,  so  that 
upper  lip  became  red  and  sensitive  :  therewith  trembling  of  r.  hand,  so  that  he  could 
hardly  write,  Next  m.  lid  still  irritable;  corj'za  better,  but  became  worse  in  warm 
room  in  e,,  relieved  by  open  air;  drawing  pains  in  1.  cheek,  going  into  interior  of  1. 
eye,  better  in  cold  air ;  in  afternoon  pains  in  abdomen  returned  more  severely,  worst 
in  I.  inguinal  region,  more  pressing  than  burning,  but  with  heat  in  abdomen,  frequent 
micturition,  with  burning  in  urethra,  urine  very  red.  On  3rd  d,,  found  teeth — nor. 
mally  white  and  sound — of  a  dirtj^-yellow  (this  continued  till  5th  d,).  After  and 
dose,  pains  in  abdomen  recur  with  much  rumbling  and  emission  of  flatulence  ;  execs* 
sive  lachrymation  of  1,  eye  and  redness  of  baJl  after  frequent  snecsing;  hawking  up 


ALLIUM   CEPA. 


215 


of  mucus  of  sweetish  nauseous  taste ;  no  stool^  and  sacral  pain,  such  as  he  ordinariJv 
has  if  coDJitipated  for  some  d.;  at  9  p.in.  pain  became  seated  in  r.  hypochondrium^ 
with  cold  shuddering  down  back  *d  tnat  he  could  scarcely  ect  warm ;  also  internal 
coldness  followed  by  heat  and  great  thirst,  which  continued  into  n. ;  with  the  chill 
urine  a  deeper  red.  On  4th  d.,  ra.,  dryness  and  tickling  in  throat,  with  hacking  ; 
this  d,  and  tne  following  much  irritation  of  r.  nostril,  soreness  of  nose,  sneezing  and 
lachrymadon,  with  some  headache  j  stool  large  and  thick  j  in  c.^  headache  and 
coryja,  eructations  of  gas,  flashes  of  heat  over  whole  body,  and  thirst*  On  5th  d., 
m.|  nauseous  taste,  eructations  even  worse,  tongue  slimy  i  cold  creeping  along  back* 
Up  to  8th  d.  some  soreness  of  nose. 

The  abdominal  pains  were  sdways  aggravated  after  eating  j  the  sticking  pains  in 
i,  side  by  deep  inspiration.  Every  d,  ne  was  sleepy  and  disinclined  to  work  in  m. 
after  rising. 

5.  Dr.  Geist  took  one  drop  of  3rd  on  e.  of  16th  and  a  more  about  11  a.m.  of 
19th  Dec.  After  5  h.,  dull  pain  to  r,  of  sternum  on  moving  in  bed.  In  m.,  pain 
below  sternum  on  stooping ;  numb  sensation  in  1,  elbow-joint.  This  n^  and  next 
feeling  as  if  back  teeth  were  too  large,  with  some  pain ;  disappears  on  rising.  On 
3rd  d.  defaecation  very  difficult,  though  faeces  were  not  hard.  On  4th  d.,  i  h.  after 
dose,  crawling  in  r.  nostril  as  before  sneezing,  must  frequently  blow  thin  mucus  out 
of  nose.  On  5th  and  6th  d.,  while  going  against  a  north  wmd,  pressive  toothache 
in  r.  back  teeth,  upper  and  under,  with  incliaation  to  bore  tongue  into  them  and  suck 
(which  relieves) — lasting  i  h. ;  also  great  urging  and  straining  with  soft  stool  at 
usual  time.  On  7th  d.  slight  pressure  in  r.  back  teeth  on  entering  warm  room ;  it 
is  increased  by  lukewarm  cocoa,  relieved  by  cold  water.  During  stool  feeling  as  of  j 
cracks  inside  anus  ;  in  r.  elbow-joint  pain  as  from  a  blow.  On  Sth  d.,  at  breakfast, 
back  teeth  pain  on  chewing,  so  that  only  soft  food  can  be  eaten,  a  pressive  pain 
remains  for  some  time  after ;  towards  noon  it  settles  in  root  of  1.  eye-tooth,  g^m  is 
indamed  ;  pain  frequently  ceases  suddenly  and  commences  in  an  instant  in  ar.  molar; 
in  cyctooth  it  is  pressive  and  grumbling  ;  cold  relieves.  Sleep  disturbed  by  it*  great 
heat  in  cheeks  i  towards  m,  remission  and  sweat,  chcek^s  feci  swollen.  On  9th  d. 
hypogastrium  heavy  as  if  pressed  upon.     {Ihid.) 

6.  Dr.  Lin  GEN  took  unknown  quantity  and  reports  : — Stitches  over  whole  l.  side 
af  forehead  externally,  drawing  into  ear,  upper  jaw,  and  teeth  of  same  side  (e.,  imme* 
diately  after  taking  drug) ;  with  great  dryness  in  both  nostrils,  there  collects  in  fauces 
much  thick,  white,  frothy,  tasteless  mucus,  which  is  easily  expectorated  without  cough. 
{Ibid.) 

7.  Dr.  Neidhaud  experimented  on  three  ladies  with  tincture,* 

a^  Took  10  drops  at  10  a.m.  Felt  extraordinary  desire  to  exercise  mental  facuL 
ties;  no  other  s^^mptoms  save  that  for  a  lew  d.  she  looked  paler  and  more  haggard. 

i.  Took  10  drops.  In  5  m.  oppression  in  forehead  and  over  eyes;  dizziness  on 
moving  about,  lasting  3  h.;  pricking  in  soles,  with  numbness  ;  pain  in  back. 

f.  Took  5  drops  at  4  p.m.  Dullaching  pain  over  eyes  and  in  centre  of  forehead, 
lasting  with  slight  intermission  until  c.  j  frequent  shooting  pain  through  teeth  on  r. 
side  ;  slight  aching  from  back  of  head  down  nape.  Next  d.,  at  10.30  a.m.,  took  10 
drops.  In  15  m.  heaviness  over  ej^clids  like  a  weight,  followed  by  slight  drowsiness 
(without  pain)  ;  at  1 1  dull  pain  m  forehead^  less  severe  pain  than  on  previous  d.^ 
increased  by  reading  or  writing.     (Ihid^) 

8.  Dr.  Wesselhoeft  took  a  drops  of  linct.  in  water  4  or  5  d.  in  sticcessioUf 
and  reports  :  Soon  after  taking  dose  moderate  warmth  in  abdomen,  squeamlshness, 
and  slight  rising  of  nausea  from  stomach  to  throat ;  then  slight  confusion  in  head  j 
micturition  more  difficult }  urging  to  pass  even  small  quantities  of  urine ;  this  ceased 
after  some  days,  but  then  returned  ana  lasted  a  long  time.     (Ibid.) 

9.  Dr.  Williamson  took  unknown  quantity,  and  reports: — Pains  in  both 
temples,  most  severe  in  r.,  aggravated  by  winking, ^ — later  pain  extends  over  forehead, 
worse  on  1,  side  j  tingling  pain  behind  1.  mastoid  process  5  heat  in  1.  eyebrow  ^  dry- 
ness at  r,  root  of  tongue  j  contractive  pain  in  1.  hypochondrium,  with  movement  of 
wind ;  pain  about  navel  1  h.  after  dinner;  rumblmg  in  transverse  colon  and  sudden 
urgingt  to  stool  j  stools  soft  and  painless ;  pain  in  cervical  region ;  copious  micturi- 


*  These  details  have  been  communicated  by  Dr.  Neidhard  himself. — Eds. 


2i6 


ALLIUM   SATIVUM.— ALOE, 


tm ;  ilinMiBg;  Bi  limn  wad  lEBiitida  a*  if  k  mm  c^gujuatd ;  paim  m  cheat  a» 
thoogli  food  ttaaaaed  lodg^  behiod  maaam.    (Rid,} 

ID.  Dr,  ZuugtocL  took  lo  drop  of  duct,  icrenl  divo.  Alter  todi  dene  at 
aoof»,  had  for  whole  afremoos  pais  in  tkrooA  bckvw  hrpuL,  as  ifccr  swalkiwisg  a 
Isfgr  motitbful,  or  as  if  ^wolka ;  psatns  aebtoA  at  tiBet  isto  r.  ear ;  towmrdt  e.  ooUec- 
tioQ  o>f  mucus  behiod  thcmax ;  same  dL  drawii^  ia  r.  spensoatic  cofd ;  a  mj  paolul 
and  long  drawn-out  ctttck  in  Umtr  rectani  i  patn&l  twitciiiag  on  ioaer  side  ol  L 
bed ;  teirere  pains  like  neuralgia  from  upper  half  <if  r.  cjc  to  foot  of  no«.  On  and 
d.  dull  paini  in  r,  renal  region,  and  reqr  uncomfortable  iecliiig  of  ftdnev  in  bladder 
with  urging  to  urinate.     (Ibid,) 

1 1.  Dr.  Dubs,  after  eating  onions, Icels  frrcrisb  as  alter  taking  oaid,  wotse  in  c.» 
with  brat  in  face,  tongue  and  mootb  fEeling  burnt  and  dr}r,  intibont  tbtnt,  drinking 
only  in  small  quantities ;  therewith  r^essness  in  all  limb%  so  that  he  cannot  keep 
them  still ;  next  d.  the  teniae  is  coated.     {IhiJ.) 

%x,  PaoLLius  ace  a  Brunswick  onion,  and  eicpenenced  in  4  h.  indescribable 
anxiety;  walks  about,  and  finally,  full  of  apprcbensjon,  thrown  himself  on  bed,  and 
soon  gets  up  again  ^  constant  riolent  pains  on  1.  side  of  abdomen,  more  in  lower 
part,  also  in  vesicat  region  f  frequent  severe  urgency  to  urinate  and  burning  passage 
of  urine  drop  by  drop ;  violent  thirst ;  eiq>re9ikm  of  anxiety  and  doubt ;  skin  hot, 
especially  in  painful  and  tender  places ;  pulse  somewhat  accelerated,  fuU,  hardish. 
(Cajp^*t  W^kiiucknft^  1845,  p.  835.) 


ALLIUM  SATIVUM. 

AUmm  tafk'vum^  L,     Garlic.     Nat.  Ord.,  IMactm, 

L  Pr<f*vtagj. — I,  Dr.  —^ —  prepared  a  tincture  by  cutting  garlic  into  smalJ 
pieces,  adding  spirit  and  shaking  well  every  d.  for  S  d*  Of  this  he  took  m.  and  e.^ 
on  June  a7thf  10  drops  on  sugar,  and  subsequently  as  much  as  %o  drops.  Result  was 
mcagfc.  Stool,  usually  occurring  in  m,,  appeared  only  after  dinner,  and  accompanied 
by  sudden  urging ;  during  evacuation  heat  in  rectum ;  tieces  at  first  normal,  then 
somewhat  watery  and  hot.  During  the  d.  scarcely  half  ordinary  urine  passed.  About 
midnight  frightful  anxious  dreams,  with  presnve  headache  on  vertex.  Did  not 
urinate  dunng  n.,  contrary  to  habit;  in  m.  scarcely  one  third  of  ordinary  quantity* 
passed. 

After  proving,  much  troubled  by  smarting  and  burning  of  eyes  with  lachryma- 
tion  and  agglutination  of  lids  (which  were  opened  with  difficulty),  which  regularly 
occurred  if  he  allowed  himself  to  read  in  bed  for  an  hour,  as  he  was  accustomed  to  do. 
Previously  to  the  proving  he  must  use  spectacles  to  read  the  paper,  now  he  can  read 
v^ithout  spectacles.     (Jf/g,  Aom,  Ziit.^  Lxxxiii,  184.) 


ALOE, 

jf/wf  Socotrina^  Lam.    Gum  aloes.     Nat,  Ord„  LiUacf^g, 

L  Proving$, — 1.  Every  healthy  person  who  takes  a  certain  quan- 
tity of  A,  has  some  stools  from  it.  He  experiences  otherwise  no  sym- 
ptoms^ unless  it  be  sometimes  a  little  heat  and  uneasiness  in  region  of 
Jivcr.  The  effect  is  rarely  felt  for  the  first  8  h»,  often  not  till  after 
12  h.,  and  this  whether  the  dose  is  great  or  smalL  The  stool  is  often 
preceded  by  some  pinchings,  and  at  times  accompanied  with  tenesmus. 
The  excrements  are  mixed  with  bile  ;  they  are  not  watery,  and  have 
an  odour  quite  sui  gimris.  The  effect  of  A.  on  the  stools  is  the  greater 
the  more  inclined  one  is  to  free  biliary  secretion.  By  the  evacuations 
provoked  by  A«  the  system  is  not  refreshed  as  it  is  by  purgation  induced 


ALOE. 


217 


by  other  agents,  especially  by  the  neutral  salts;  it  is  rather  a  little 
heated,  and  that  the  more  according  as  the  evacuations  are  copious  and 
frequent.  If  the  dose  is  strong,  the  pulse  is  often  quickened,  dryness 
of  mouth  and  thirst  are  induced,  the  urine  is  passed  in  smaller  quantity, 
and  is  burning  j  there  is  felt  in  the  hypogastrium  a  disagreeable  warmtn, 
sometimes  even  a  throbbing,  and  in  the  r,  hypochondrlum  pressure  and 
tension  are  noticed.  If  the  use  of  the  A.  is  continued  for  many  sue- 
cessive  days,  its  effects  increase,  unless  the  dose  is  diminished  ,  this 
applies  also  to  the  heating.  If  the  subject  is  disposed  to  haemorrhoids 
and  to  too  copious  menstruation,  A.  sometimes  provokes  h^emorrhoidal 
sufferings  and  augments  the  catamenial  flow:  Small  doses,  moreover, 
often  cause  erections,  and  increase  the  sexual  appetite.  (Wedekind, 
Rust's  Magaz,y  xxiv,  2,  304.) 

2.  A.  hardly  ever  does  more  than  produce  one  stool,  which  seems 
to  be  merely  an  evacuation  of  what  may  be  supposed  to  have  been 
present  for  the  time  in  the  great  intestines*  It  is  remarkable  that  it 
does  this  in  a  very  small  dose,  and  it  is  equally  remarkable,  that  though 
the  dose  is  increased  to  ten  times  the  quantity  the  effect  is  much  the 
same,  1  have  found  that  hardly  any  dose  under  20  grains  will  procure 
a  liquid  stool,  and  when  it  happens,  it  is  always  with  pain  and  griping. 
.•  ...  As  A.  operates  especially  upon  the  intestinum  rectum,  there 
may  be  a  foundation  for  the  common  opinion  of  its  producing  hsemor- 
rhoidal  affections  ;  and  from  the  large  and  frequent  use  of  A.,  I  have 
had  instances  of  such  effects.  (Cull en.  Treatise  0/  the  Alateria  Medica^ 
ii,  525.) 

3.  in  the  course  of  three  years  Giacomini  took  120  grammes  of 
A,  I  to  3  grains  taken  fasting  caused,  usually,  a  few  eructations  tasting 
of  the  drug,  but  always  increased  feelingof  hunger,  and  after  8  tor  oh., 
often  after  previous  pricking  in  the  bowels,  one  or  more  light  copious 
stools  of  soft  yellowish- brown  faeces,  mostly  accompanied  by  discharge 
of  flatus,  and  having  a  strong  and  peculiar  odour  at  times  ;  the  evacua- 
tion was  repeated  more  scantily  some  h,  afterwards,  8  to  10  grains 
appeared  not  to  increase  these  effects,  although  the  pulse  (after  3  h.) 
was  slowed.  At  16  to  20  grains,  evacuations  only  seldom  occur  which 
can  be  said  to  be  effects  of  the  remedy;  in  place  of  this  the  pulse  is 
slowed  4  to  8  beats  in  a  minute,  and  the  urine  is  copious  and  turbid. 
Once  after  a  scruple  dose,  the  stool  only  occurred  after  28  h.,  and  there 
was  nothing  further  to  be  observed  than  a  certain  anxietas.  After  30 
grains  between  m.  and  e.  followed  a  n.  of  perfectly  calm  sleep,  but 
next  d.  there  were  two  tolerably  fluid  stools, copious  urination,  general 
depression,  and  very  urgent  inclination  for  food.  In  his  numerous 
experiments  instituted  with  small  doses,  he  sometimes  experienced 
biting  pains  in  the  intestines,  which  were  (he  says)  the  forerunners  of 
the  pending  evacuation,  and  manifestly  depended  upon  the  descent  of 
the  separate  intestinal  humours.  {Trattato  Filosofico  SperimentaUy  1833, 
iv,  336-8O 

4-  A.  B — ^  a  young  physician,  proved  A.  in  1833. 

a.  Took  one  grain  at  6  a.m.,  and  shuddered  40  m.  thereafter.  In 
4  h,  feeling  as  if  head  were  expanded  from  within  ;  a  single  twitching 
drawing  over  1.  eye  and  outwards  through  it  ^  after  a  meal,  coldneas 


2l8 


ALOE. 


(objective  and  subjective)  of  hands  and  feet,  latter  grew  warm  after 
walking,  former  less  so,  in  e.  both  warm  ;  late  in  getting  to  sleep. 
Urine  transparent,  dark,  not  increased.  Awoke  at  3  a.m.,  with  hasty 
urgency  to  stool,  dull  gripings,  movings  about  in  abdomen,  thin,  pappy, 
copious  evacuation,  afterwards  feeling  as  if  more  would  come.  Woke 
again  at  7  completely  active  ;  had  canine  hunger  in  forenoon  ;  at  noon 
sore  pain  in  r.  vertex,  touching  hair  hurts  the  spot — later  j  in  c.  same 
pain  in  other  small  places  ^  in  afternoon  and  e.  pressive  boring  in  L 
temple,  followed  by  stitching  drawing  in  h  eye  outwards  coming  from 
brow ;  bruised  pain  between  and  on  scapul^e^  as  after  long  stooping. 
On  3rd  d,,  awoke  at  7  with  feeling  of  hunger  and  urgency  to  micturi- 
tion ;  during  forenoon,  copious  emission  of  light-yellow  urine,  and  two 
extra  stools  ;  at  11  a.m.  driven  to  urinate  quickly,  he  can  scarcely  hold 
it ;  feeling  as  if  he  had  taken  cold  in  bowels,  after  the  m*  stool  ;  pres- 
sive or  paralytic  drawing  in  r.  upper  arm  near  the  shoulder,  at  rest  and 
in  movement  „  drawing  stitches,  not  deep,  over  r.  temple  ;  tensive 
numb  sensation  spreads  from  forehead  over  scalp,  with  feeling  of 
increased  warmth ;  in  afternoon,  more  frequent,  quicker  urgency  to 
micturate,  with  less  quantity  than  in  m.  ;  in  c.  and  next  m.  while  lying 
in  bed  sprained  feeling  in  several  joints.  During  these  d.,  face  had 
pale,  sickly  colour.  On  4th  d,,  awoke  at  3  with  urging  to  urinate,  and 
had  a  copious,  thin,  pappy  stool  without  straining  ;  felt  also  pressive 
pain  in  pharynx,  feeling  of  rawness  and  swelling,  especially  on  swallow* 
ing,  with  hawking  of  thick  mucus  (all  going  on  on  rising).  Remained 
wide  awake  till  6,  when  he  had  movement  in  umbilical  region,  with 
urgency  to  stool  and  hunger  ;  a  second  stool  followed,  with  flatus  and 
a  sort  of  tenesmus  j  at  7  a  third  stool  with  straining ;  when  he  thought 
he  had  finished,  srill  more  came;  at  11  a  fourth  stool;  drawing  in 
front  of  urethra  when  sitting  ;  drawing  tension  on  r,  side  of  neck,  as 
if  in  muscles,  burning  on  stooping  (same  sensation  2nd  and  3rd  d.)  j 
pain  in  and  about  meatus  auditori us  almost  like  ear-ache ;  also  when 
closing  jaws  sense  of  numbness  behind  ear,  drawing  down  to  lower  jaw 
through  a  back  tooth  ;  dull  drawing  and  shooting  on  n  forehead,  con* 
fusing  head,  and  compelling  him  to  make  the  eyes  small.  On  5th  d*, 
in  m.,  on  rising,  hawking  of  thick,  tenacious,  lumpy  mucus,  like  jelly, 
easily  detached  ;  soon  after  breakfast  hungry  feeling  in  stomach,  with 
collection  of  water  in  mouth  ;  afternoon,  some  blood  blown  from  nose. 
Throughout  d.  increased  urgency  to  micturition,  unne  not  more  copious 
than  usual.  On  6th  d.,  sleep  having  been  bad,  was  excited  mentally, 
yet  dozy  ;  and  had  violent  urging  to  micturate. 

The  tenesmus  was  occasioned  by  an  unpleasant  sensation  in  anus, 
as  if  more  fasces  would  follow,  which  must  be  held  back  on  account  of 
soreness ;  yet  for  some  cause  cannot  draw  anus  together. 

b.  Took  4  grains,  washed  down  with  some  water,  in  forenoon. 
Soon  after,  pulse  became  very  slow  (55),  weak  and  suppressed,  and 
there  was  coldness,  especially  through  legs ;  ^  h,  later,  pulse  still  sub- 
normal in  force  and  frequency,  but  face  was  warm  and  flushed,  and  he 
felt  lively  and  excited  ;  in  i  h.  warmth  in  stomach,  with  feeling  of 
hunger,  pulse  60,  weak,  sometimes  intermitting  a  beat.  During  siesta, 
no  sleepiness,  feet  and  hands  cold,  only  warming  up  gradually*     Urine 


ALOE. 


119 


passed  in  afternoon  was,  after  standing,  cloudy  with  whitish  sediment 
(cloudiness  finely  granular)  ;  it  was  small  in  quantity,  and  of  foul  am- 
moniacal  odour.  Felt  unusually  vigorous  at  this  time,  but  weary  early 
in  e. ;  had  sensitive  drawing  pain  in  head^  most  externally ;  more 
pressure  to  urinate,  but  less  passed  j  drawing  pain  in  hands  and  feet. 
The  n.  was  restless.  On  rising,  hasty  urging  to  stool,  with  continued 
rumbling  in  abdomen ;  spattering  after  stool  j  some  rawness  in  fauces, 
chiefly  in  soft  palate  and  uvula,  with  some  hoarseness  of  voice,  which 
disappears  during  breakfast,  but  returns  (forenoon)  on  going  into  cold 
open  air.  Pulse  after  rising,  60,  wealc  and  suppressed  ;  in  afternoon 
over  60.  A  painful  crack  in  under-lip,  near  r,  angle  of  mouth.  This 
d,  and  next  dry  lips,  looking  whitish  if  not  frequently  moistened  ;  and 
now  and  then  weakness  of  whole  chest.  At  2  a.m.  on  3rd  d.,  woke 
with  urgency  to  urinate ;  same  urgency  on  rising  at  5,  and  again  at  8 
and  9.30,  no  increase  of  quantity.  Every  time  he  passes  urine,  he  feels 
as  if  some  thin  faeces  would  escape  with  it.  Pulse  early  was  70 ;  at 
3  p.m<,  62.  Long  dozy  mid-day  sleep,  cannot  arouse  himself  j  fre- 
quent yawning  after  it.  In  afternoon,  excitement  of  mind  and  body  | 
sensitive  jerking  drawing,  as  in  flesh,  from  forearm  to  middle  hand,  6  or 
8  times  in  quick  succession,  while  sitting  still  and  writing ;  sudden 
attacks  of  coryza*  In  e.  cold  feet,  hindering  his  going  to  sleep*  On 
same  d.  are  noted  : — Labour  soon  becomes  tedious  to  him ;  dryness  of 
mouth ;  sickening  odour  from  mouth,  noticeable  to  himself,  as  if  he 
had  been  long  without  food  on  a  warm  day  ;  frequent  desire  for  food, 
ate  apples  between  meals  i  much  flatulence ;  stool  passed  without  his 
needing  to  make  any  exertion,- — fell,  as  it  were,  out  of  rectum  ;  highly 
coloured  urine,  of  strong  odour,  remaining  clear.  In  n.,  r.  testicle  felt 
cold  to  touch ;  no  sound  sleep ;  cold  ;  woke  at  3  a.m.  from  a  mass  of 
confused  dreams.  On  then  getting  up,  chill,  lasting  throughout  d.,  in 
open  air  and  in  room  ;  very  sensitive  during  its  continuance  ;  in  after- 
noon it  is  more  severe,  runs  through  skin  of  whole  body,  with  some 
oppression  in  forehead  ;  in  e.  feet  only  remain  cold,  Coryza  also  during 
whole  d.  After  mid-day  meal  dozy  half-sleep,  eyes  heavy.  In  e.  severe 
stitches  in  middle  of  chest,  about  6th  rib,  hindering  deep  inspiration. 
On  this  d.  also,  little  disposition  to  mental  exertion  ;  feels  discouraged 
as  to  success  ;  no  apperite  for  meat  this  d.  or  next ;  frequently  a  sensi- 
tive drawing  in  different  parts  of  body,  as  if  involving  bones ;  sooner 
fatigued  on  movement ;  from  this  till  8th  d.,  r,  nostril  scabby  and 
sensitive  within.  Since  rising,  palate  and  fauces  felt  swollen,  and  in- 
creasingly during  d.,  on  empty  swallowing  and  yawning.  There  was 
pain  in  arches  of  palate.  On  5th  and  6th  d.  these  sensations  continued  ; 
swallowing  food  did  not  hurt ;  on  chewing,  sides  of  soft  palate  pained 
as  if  sore,  or  as  if  burnt  by  hot  food.  At  various  times  on  these  d., 
urgency  to  stool,  which  he  could  overcome  ;  with  stool  always  a  feeling 
as  if  still  more  were  at  hand.  No  mid-day  sleep  on  5th  d. ;  in  c., 
pressure  in  r,  eye- ball,  severe  but  transitory ;  during  d.  at  times,  a 
flying  pain  in  L  meatus  auditorius  externus,  especially  during  mastica* 
tion  i  early,  while  stretching,  a  shooting  drawing  in  L  chest  in  region 
of  6th  and  7th  ribs,  only  superficial,  but  hindering  respiration.  From 
this  to  8th  d.  weakness  of  chest  on  bodily  exertion^  and  from  6th  to 


aio 


ALOE. 


8th^  lips  as  on  2nd  and  3rd)  under! ip  swollen,  with  a  thick-slcinned  flat 
vesicle  at  inner  margin  of  red,  of  size  of  flaxseed^  yellowish  ;  it  makes 
lip  thick.  Throat  as  on  5th  and  6th  d.  On  7th  d.^  peculiar  sensation 
E)n  last  phalanges,  of  1.  hand  particularly,  as  if  hairs  there  raised  them- 

elves  slowly  ;  it  seemed  as  if  a  hair  lay  on  fingers.     On  8th  d.,  head 

iras  confused,  oppressed,  uncomfortable. 

[Some  of  these  symptoms  continued  a  day  or  two  longer,  and  fresh 
ones  are  noted  as  occurring  up  to  the  25th  d. ;  but  their  causation  by 
the  drug  is  too  dubious  to  admit  of  their  insertion.  It  may  also  be 
fairly  questioned  whether  certain  of  the  foregoing  symptoms  were  not 
due  to  a  catarrhal  chill. — Eds.].     {Jmtr.  Arxnetprufungen.) 

5,  Dr.  GosEwiscH  took  4th   trit.,  and   reports :  Headache  in  m, 
allowing  incomplete  evacuation  of  bowels,  lasting   until  a  2nd  stool 

'follows  a  few  h.  after  j  stool  on  following  m.  is  goldcn-yellow ;  strong 
pulsation  in  anus,  while  sitting,  after  dinner,      {Ibid,) 

6.  Dr.  Helbig  took  5  grains  one  afternoon.  Next  m., on  awaking, 
aching  over  a  large  space  in  middle  abdomen  ;  is  compelled  thereby  to 
lie  bent  and  to  press  upon  the  abdomen,  which  relieves.  After  rising, 
pain  passed  into  mild  cutting,  and  he  had  two  normally  coloured  pappy 
evacuations.  At  same  time,  pain  on  inner  margin  of  metatarsal  bone 
of  great  toe,  on  walking  and  at  rest ;  first,  there  is  a  pressure,  then 
follows  a  slight  drawing,  as  if  the  pressure  extended  itself.  On  3rd  d., 
on  rising  in  m.,  severe  aching  in  a  small  circle  around  navel,  as  if  he 
had  received  blow  from  fist  on  abdomen.  He  plainly  felt  the  pain, 
however,  in  the  intestinal  canal,  and  pressure  on  umbilical  region 
increased  it  much  j  therewith  yellow  pappy  diarrhoea  and  some  nausea* 
The  stool  is  accompanied  by  pricking  in  anus,  as  if  it  would  tear  (in 
front).  Afterwards,  a  continued  pain  in  anal  passage,  which  obliged 
him  frequently  to  draw  it  together,  whereby  it  became  tense  and  ached. 
In  e,  slight  squeezing  pain  in  n  ear.  On  6th  d.  a  jerking  pain  in  region 
of  U  lower  ribs,  internally,  from  above  downwards,  and  from  without 
inwards  (on  walking  in  m.).  On  9th  d.,  at  n.  in  bed,  pressive  pain  in 
r.  forearm,  beginning  midway  and  ending  in  wrist,  where  it  seemed  as 
if  it  would  force  bones  of  joint  asunder. 

These  are  all  the  dated  symptoms  ;  but  the  following  also  arc 
reported  : — Pressive  pain  in  1.  temple  especially,  occurring  now  and 
then  i  pressive  sensation  on  vertex  ;  pressive  aching  at  angle  of  r. 
occiput  i  aching,  like  a  pressure,  in  occipital  scalp ;  pustules  in  r.  ex- 
ternal angle  of  eye,  surrounded  by  many  red  vessels  j  in  c.  h.,  remark- 
able coldness  of  nose  to  touch  ;  thirst,  especially  for  beer,  which  seems 
to  alleviate  pains  in  anus  \  bitter  eructations  for  several  days ;  hard 
pressive  pains  in  region  of  r.  lower  ribs,  alternating  with  just  such  pains 
in  upper  chest,  as  if  below  sternum, — former  transitory  but  more  fre. 
quent,  latter  more  enduring  but  rarer  ;  painfulness  of  whole  abdomen, 
especially  in  sides  and  in  front  about  navel,  which  parts  cannot  bear  to 
be  touched  j  on  making  a  false  step  on  pavement  it  hurts  much  in 
epigastrium  ;  stool  indeed  daily,  but  difficult  to  pass,  distending  rectum 
first ;  he  must  go  to  stool  soon  after  a  meal  \  after  loud  rumblings  and 
movements  in  abdomen,  a  thin  evacuation,  passing  almost  involuntarily, 
consisting   in   part   of  thin,    yellow  faeces,   partly  of  bilious   mucui 


ALOE. 


21  r 


streaking  these^  thereafter  crawling  in  anus,  compelling  rubbing ; 
scraping  feeling  in  throat,  producing  cough,  dry  at  n.,  and  more  moist 
in  m,  i  chest  in  front  and  sides  up  to  axillar  painful  to  touch  as  if 
[beaten,  pain  seeming  to  be  between  bones  and  flesh,  excited  also  (in 
front)  by  deep  breathing  (with  abdominal  pain  as  above,  muscles  there 
painful  on  rising  after  lying),  pectoral  muscles  painful  on  moving  arms, 
and  abdominal  (at  costal  attachments)  on  pressing  at  stool,  lasting  8  d. ; 
pain  in  coccyx,  as  if  he  had  fallen  on  it ;  aching  in  lower  knuckles  of 
first  fingers  of  r.  hand,  e. ;  soles  painful  in  walking  on  pavement,  as  if 
he  had  made  a  long  journey — also  at  rest  ;  in  e.,  biting  griping  at 
navel,  obliging  him  to  rub  it. 

The  following  are  observations  by  Dr.  Helbig  : 

a.  E*  S.  took  2  grains,  triturated  with  sugar  of  milk.  Was  morose 
and  ill-humoured  for  several  d.  ^  on  4th  d,  had  severe  drawing  sacral 
pains,  spreading  over  whole  pelvis,  filling  him  with  ill-humour  ;  they 
increased  in  evenings,  and  lasted  8  d. 

b.  Took  2  grains  at  noon.  Had  immediately  painful  sensation  in 
abdomen  j  towards  following  m»,  three  yellowish  diarrhceic  stools, 
therewith  dull  pain  across  under  ribs,  with  slight  distension,  some 
frontal  headache,  crawling  in  bowels,  and  chilliness,  so  that  he  felt 
very  cold  whenever  he  left  stove  j  last  stool  accompanied  by  burning 
in  rectum,  haemorrhoidal  pains,  and  much  flatus,  and  followed  by 
constipation  for  2  d. 

r.  Took  an  unknown  quantity,  and  had  bitter  taste,  with  loss  of 
appetite,  and  cutting  in  hypochondria. 

d.  Another  reports  downward  and  inward  pressing  pain  towards 
nose  in  mid-forehead,  and  grasping  beneath  pit  of  stomach. 

/,  A  girl,  aet.  9,  who  licked  a  piece  of  A.,  had  pressure  in  forehead 
immediately,  and  later  displayed  unusual  cheerfulness. 

f,  A  woman  who  rubbed  tincture  on  abdomen  had  (besides  some 
local  irritation)  aching  in  upper  and  middle  parts,  going  downwards, 
with  sense  as  of  stone  within,  hurting  her,  and,  when  lying  on  one 
side,  seeming  to  move  to  other.  She  sweated  very  much  during  n., 
and  on  next  d.,  was  taken  with  dry  coryza  and  diarrhoea,     {Ibid,) 

7.  Dr.  Hencke. — a.  Took  10  drops  of  tincture  (i  to  5).  During 
first  h.  had  frequent  tenesmus,  and  in  n.  and  following  d.  blunt 
stitching  pain  and  grasping  between  shoulders^  most  towards  r.  On 
2nd  d.,  had  tn  m.  nauseating  bitter  taste  in  mouth  j  on  rising,  sacral 
pains,  and  during  d.  drawing  about  there,  with  sense  of  weight, 
especially  in  sitting;  head  confused,  with  dislike  to  any  exertion; 
blunt  stitches,  now  in  L,  now  in  r.,  hypochondrium  ;  sense  of  fulness 
in  abdomen;  pressure  and  drawing  in  r.  renal  region;  this  d*  and 
next,  two  pappy  stools.  On  3rd  d,,  periodical  movements  and  disten- 
sion of  abdomen,  especially  after  eating  ;  on  this  d.  and  next,  sacral 
heaviness  continues,  involving  rectum.  On  5th  and  following  d., 
hard  evacuations. 

Referred  to  this  dose,  but  without  note  of  time,  are  :  Dull  stitches 
through  1*  temple,  into  brain  j  dull  drawmg  in  1.  side  of  occiput ;  after 
dinner  acrid  risings  ;  after  breakfast  some  pressure  in  epigastrium, 
relieved  by  eructations  j  grasping  pain  in  splenic  region  j  fine  cuttings 


132 


ALOE. 


■ 
■ 
■ 


in  upper  abdomen ;  periodical  drawing  in  n  inguinal  region  ^  a  transi- 
torjr  but  recurring  drawing  in  1.  buttock*  Cutting  pains  become  worse 
after  any  sour  food, 

i.  Took  30  drops  in  m.  On  ist  d.,  after  12  h.,  a  thin  pappy 
scool,  and  in  j  h.  another  ;  also  anxious  uneasiness,  preventing  mental 
labour ;  pressure  about  temples,  with  periodical  heat  of  face  and  flicker- 
ing before  eyes  ;  a  twisting  and  griping  pain  in  upper  abdomen  soon 
after  dinner  and  supper  ;  the  dull  sense  of  weight  in  sacrum,  relieved 
bv  walking,  recurs,  and  lasts  8  d.  ;  on  this  and  following  d.,  periodical 
clutching  tn  coccygeal  region  for  several  m*  at  a  time  ;  periodical 
blunt  stitches  in  hepatic  region,  at  times  moving  into  chest,  and 
obstructing  respiration  ;  and  sensitive  pressure  in  orbits.  On  2nd  d., 
in  m.,  some  drops  of  blood  from  nose  ;  twisting  and  griping  in  upper 
abdomen  and  around  umbilicus,  compelling  him  to  sit  bent  up,  which 
relieves  ;  therewith  repeated  urging  to  stool,  but  only  flatus  passes, 
very  offensive,  and  producing  burning  in  anus,  with  temporary  relief  to 
pains  J  heaviness  in  legs.  On  3rd  d.,  frequent  tenesmus  without 
stool.  On  all  3  d.,  burning  in  anus  for  some  time  after  emission  of 
hot  flatus. 

c.  Took  in  m.  2  grains,  rubbed  up  with  4  of  sugar  of  milk.  Out- 
pressing  pain  in  forehead  towards  temples  began  soon,  and  continued, 
worse  on  walking,  but  especially  on  stooping;  in  i  h.,  after  frequent 
urging,  scanty,  dry  stool,  with  sense  as  if  more  would  come  ;  in  3  h., 
an  internal  sense  of  congestion  under  short  ribs  ;  in  afternoon,  a  slight 
cutting  in  abdomen,  which  increases  on  movement,  or  when  body  is 
drawn  up,  relieved  by  sitting  bent  j  in  e.,  emission  of  very  offensiv^e 
flatus,  which  gives  case  ;  at  n.,  awakes  with  blunt  stitches  in  splenic, 
going  to  sacral,  region.  On  this  d,  also,  feeling  in  nose  as  if  blood 
would  come ;  grasping  in  both  hypochondria ;  a  few  blunt  stitches  in 
hepatic  region  ;  gri pings  occasionally  in  umbilical  region,  sending  a 
shudder  through  whole  body  j  pappy  stool  at  unwonted  time  (10  h. 
after).  On  2nd  d*,  peevish  and  morose  ;  head  confused  j  dim  sight 
while  writing  ;  after  evacuation,  cutting  at  navel  ^  stool  twice,  which 
is  quite  unusual  with  him,  more  pappy  j  rush  of  blood  to  chest, 
provoking,  several  times,  dry  cough  ;  dyspnoea,  with  periodical  pressure 
and  grasping  in  chest,  especially  in  r.  half ;  on  this  and  following  d., 
drawing  about  and  twisting  in  bowels.  On  3rd  d.,  pressive  pain  in 
forehead  I  involving  orbits.  From  3rd  to  5  th  d,,  very  stiff  in  sacrum 
after  sitting,  rising  up  was  difficult ;  then  feeling  as  of  a  load  in 
sacrum  and  pelvis. 

Referred  to  same  dose,  but  without  note  of  time,  we  have  :  Draw- 
ing in  lower  front  teeth  j  during  deep  breathing,  stitches  in  pra^cordia ; 
dyspnoea,  and  dull  stitches  in  lower  part  of  chest ;  stitches  in  right 
sac  ral  r egio  n ,     { Ibid, ) 

8, — a.  Dr.  Hering  took  one  dose  of  gr.  \  of  the  i^  trit.,  and  $ub» 
sequenthr  the  3rd.  From  former  he  reports,  3  h.  after,  a  second  soft 
stool  ;  8  h.  after,  a  third.  From  latter, — after  2  or  3  m.,  pressure  in 
middle  of  r.  half  of  brain,  and  cold  feeling  of  1.  side  of  tongue  ;  3  h. 
after,  sense  of  fulness  like  congestion  in  the  hemorrhoids  j  later,  an 
indistinct  urgency  to  stool,  and  a  second  small  stool,  which  was  entirely 


ALOE. 


1*3 


unusual,  whereby  the  haemorrhoids  protrude  very  much^  and  there  is 
pain,  as  if  sore  and  chapped,  in  anus  }  8  h,  after  (5  p.m.),  again  a  small, 
thin  stool  (quite  unusual),  followed  by  much  fulness  and  urging  in 
anus  J  3  to  4  h.  after,  on  bending  to  h  side,  short  (inch-long)  severe 
pinching  stitches,  deep  within,  at  back  of  L  chest,  and  under  L  nipple, 
at  times  impeding  inspiration,  changing  in  a  few  m,  to  higher  up  in 
front ;  in  20  or  30  m.  later,  similar  stitches  in  r.  chest,  in  same  place, 
less  severe  ;  9  h,  after,  pain  as  if  sprained  and  bruised  in  tendo-AchiUis, 
especially  of  1.  foot. 

The  following  symptoms,  without  date,  are  also  referred  to  3rd  : — 
Very  peculiar  vertigo  for  some  days, — during  movement,  he  feels  as  if 
he  ought  to  lie  down  ;  there  is  an  internal  sensation  which  malces 
everything  seem  insecure,  and  causes  great  anxiety,  then  fol  lows  coryza, 
first  on  L  side,  then  on  n,  with  copious  scretion  of  mucus,  which  soon 
becomes  thick,  on  which  the  vertigo  goes  ofFj  wheezing,  panting 
respiration  in  e.  after  smoking ;  sensation  as  if  a  hair  lay  on  back  of 
hand  and  of  fingers,  many  times  ;  itching  first  in  r.,  then  in  L,  popliteal 
spce  ;  places  scratched  sore  pain  very  sensitively, 

L  The  following  symptoms  are  marked  as  H.*s,  but  without  spe- 
cification of  dose: — After  i  h.,  internal  pain  in  1.  thigh,  and  pressure 
on  I.  parietal  eminence  ;  on  ist  d»,  stitches  on  r.  head,  between  fore- 
head and  vertex,  from  above  inwards  ^  pain  in  hepatic  region,  as  if 
strained  from  great  exertion  ;  and  some  itching  on  small  spot  on  inside 
of  L  thigh,  above  knee.  On  3rd  d.,  iJl-humour,  and  peevish  mood  ; 
painful  pimples,  like  nodules,  in  skin  under  chin,  behind  jaw  on  r.  side  j 
in  forenoon,  I.  hand  falls  asleep  while  sitting;  in  e*, after  much  strain- 
ing, with  flatus,  a  scanty  stool,  with  much  pressing,  small  and  soft. 
Fifth  d.,  on  L  scalp,  near  vertex,  feeling  as  if  it  had  been  beaten,  so  that 
pressure  thereon  is  painful,  though  it  does  good. 

The  following  are  even  without  note  of  time  : — Painfiil  compression 
of  head  every  m. ;  pain  deep  in  orbits,  as  if  in  muscles,  worse  on  r* 
side ;  pain  in  back  of  throat  on  swallowing ;  in  e,  much  offensive 
flatus,  loud  and  silent  i  early  in  m.,  in  folds  of  skin  near  anus  (1.  side), 
a  violent  irresistible  itching  in  little  points  ;  while  stretching  out  I. 
hand,  sense  as  if  nerves  were  too  short,  and  became  dragged,  with 
electric*like  shock  ^  indolence,  and  if  he  sits,  he  deliberates  about 
standing  up  ;  in  e,,  in  open  air,  frequent  violent  yawning,  without 
sleepiness.  The  afternoon  was  generally  his  time  of  aggravation, 
especially  for  symptoms  of  mucous  membranes, 

c,  I'he  following  symptoms  are  vouched  for  by  Hering,  but 
marked  A.  Prover  seems  to  have  taken  daily  small  doses  of  1,  trit,  for 
some  days.  From  him  are  reported, — dull  pain  in  r.  side  under  ribs, 
the  same  in  all  positions,  worse  while  standing,  so  that  he  bends  him- 
self forwards  ;  burning  thorugh  whole  abdomen;  sensation  in  rectum 
as  if  loose  ;  diarrhceic  stools  on  m.  of  7th  d.  ;  pains  of  weakness  in 
ankles  and  wrists  ;  for  several  n,  wakes  with  thirst,  drinks  a  glass  of 
cold  water,  and  breaks  out  into  a  sweat.     {Ibid,) 

9,  Dr.  Koch  took  3X  trit.,  and  reports  in  m.  after  waking  an 
exceedingly  fine  but  violent  stitch  on  under  part  of  tongue  from  behind 
forward^  whicli  twice  recurs  during  movement  of  tongue  (neuralgia 


M4 


tLOE. 


sublingualis)  j  K  epididymis  very  painful^  on  walking  and  when  handled, 
whole  forenoon;  sacral  pains  on  wakings  with  lassitude;  painful  weari* 
ness  in  walking,  especially  in  calves,  hip-joints,  and  inguinal  region, 
{Ihid.) 

lo* — a.  Dr.  Neidhard  took  gr.  j  of  i,  trit.,  at  10.30  a.m.  Im- 
mediately, strong  sense  of  firmness  of  will,  and  pain  in  r.  side  oi 
stomach,  followed  by  commotion  in  lower  abdomen  with  downward 
tendency.  In  afternoon,  soreness  in  h  side  of  mouth  within*  At 
5  p.m.,  crushing  sensation  in  stomach  and  abdomen,  with  ineffectual 
desire  to  evacuate  bowels,  but  in  spite  of  constant  tenesmus  nothixig 
results  but  a  violent  and  easy  discharge  of  flatus.  Later  in  e,  two 
pappy  bilious  evacuations,  with  much  wind  ;  also  gnawing  pain  in  a 
carious  tooth  of  lower  jaw,  which  continued  off  and  on — as  did  also  the 
expulsion  of  ftatus — all  the  n.  During  next  d.  all  symptoms  disap- 
peared. 

h.  Dr.  N —  gave  to  another  gr,  ij  of  2x  trituration  every  e,  for  two 
weeks.  First  dose  caused,  in  5  m»,  weight  in  abdomen  passing  down 
to  rectum,  lasting  S  m.,  also  a  loose  pappy  evacuation  from  towels. 
Each  succeeding  dose  had  less  laxative  effect,  and  finally  obstinate 
constipation  set  in,  with  knotty  passages.  Prover  also  experienced — 
increased  appetite  j  weakness  in  r.  hypochondrium  ;  pressure  in  anus  ; 
paler  and  more  copious  urine,  flowing  easily,  but  requiring  waiting 
awhile  before  it  came  \  dryness  and  inflammation  of  throaty  with  cough 
and  expectoration,  and  weakness  of  chest.     {Ibid,) 

n.  Dr.  Preu  made  four  provings  with  a  trituration  of  one  part 
(by  weight)  of  Cape  aloes  with  three  of  milk-sugar. 

a.  Took  two  grains.  On  ist  d.  moroseness  ;  bitter  eructation  j 
feeling  of  weakness  in  abdomen  as  if  diarrhoea  would  result,  and  after 
8  h,  a  copious  evacuation  with  much  flatus  ;  in  metacarpal  joint  of  4th 
finger  a  frequently  recurring  shooting  and  cramp-like  pain.  On  and  d, 
very  ill-humour,  seldom  moderated  by  sadness  ;  peevish  towards  him- 
self without  reason  ;  dull  pressive  pain  in  anterior  part  of  head,  aversion 
to  drinks,  especially  cold  drinks  ;  distension  of  whole  colon,  especially 
at  1,  flexure,  with  pain,  increased  on  movement  and  suddenly  disap- 
pearing on  emission  of  fiatus.  On  3rd  d.,  internal  restlessness  and 
excitement  j  drawing  cutting  pains  across  and  through  abdomen  all  d., 
with  ill-humour,  fretfulness,  aversion  to  society,  and  indisposition  to  go 
into  open  air,  though  pain  is  made  better  thereby.  On  4th  d.  indis- 
position to  mechanical  or  mental  exertion,  with  great  disposition  to 
desultory  thinking  ;  now  and  again  rumbling  in  abdomen. 

b.  Took  3  grains.  At  8  p,m.  sudden  urging,  which  passes  off  just 
as  suddenly  ;  at  9  diarrhcea  j  itching  and  burning  in  anus,  painful  to  the 
last  degree,  prevent  his  sleeping  for  a  long  time.  On  2nd  and  3rd  d., 
flatulent  distension,  with  overwhelming  despondency-  On  4th  and 
5Ch  d.,  dull  pressive  pain  in  hepatic  region. 

c.  Took  2  grains.  On  ist  d.,  dull  pressive  pain  ia  supraorbital 
region  ;  emission  of  hot  flatus,  with  burning  in  anus  j  at  n.,  frequent 
sudden  urging  as  to  soft  stool  with  sense  of  gurgling  in  abdomen^ 
passing  off  as  quickly,  without  stool.  This  d.  and  next  much  rumbling 
in  abdomen,  and,  till  3rd  d.,  lassitude  and  inertia.     On  2nd  d.,  great 


ALOE. 


225 


restlessness  and  excitement,  but  in  middle  of  d*  great  kziness  ;  increased 
"  appetite ;  transient  stitches  in  hepatic  region  ;  distension  of  upper 
abdomen  ;  many  times  urgency  as  to  diarrhoea^  and  hot  flatus  only 
passes^  with  great  relief,  but  urging  soon  returns  with  sensation  as  of  a 
plug  wedged  in  between  os  pubis  and  coccyx  ;  in  e.,  a  diarrhoeic  stool  ; 
flying  stitches  In  metacarpal  joints  of  hands.  On  3rd  d,,  lassitude 
alternating  with  great  mental  activity  ;  some  abdominal  distension* 

ii.  Took  4  grains.  On  ist  d.,  soon  after  do«e,  troublesome  sense 
&f  fulness  in  gastric  region,  followed  by  distension  of  epigastrium  and 
hypochondria,  with  pain  in  r.  hypochondrium,  going  away  after  expul- 
sion of  flatus »  but  returning  with  renewed  distension  ;  dull  pressive 
pain  in  sinciput  {afternoon)  ;  pressure  in  stomach  with  feeling  of 
warmth  there  ;  in  abdomen  flatulence  drawing  about,  with  distension  ; 
late  in  e.  copious  evacuation  of  bowels,  not  liquid,  in  addition  to  ordi- 
nary m»  one  ;  outward  drawing  pain  in  axilla  ;  painful  drawing  and 
stiffness  of  1.  middle  finger,  especially  fixed  in  metacarpal  joint;  outward 
pressing  pain  in  r,  thigh.  During  the  pains  everything  disgusts  him. 
On  2nd  d,,  indisposition  to  movement^ — and  especially  to  mental 
labour,  which  soon  fatigues  9  burning  pain  in  r,  eye,  as  if  a  fine 
current  of  hoi  air  passed  through  axis  of  vision  (this  also  on  previous 
drj  ;  sense  of  fulness  in  pharynx,  with  or  without  tasteless  eructations  ; 
great  appetite  for  stimulating  food,  with  fulness  in  stomach  j  copious 
pappy  evacuations  in  m. ;  dull  stitching  pain  under  shoulder-blades  ; 
pressure  outwards  in  I,  axilla,  and  dull  stitching  pains  from  thence  to 
ulna ;  weariness  of  r.  arm  ;  jerking  drawing  in  metacarpal  joint  of  L 
fourth  fingen  On  the  3rd  d.,  ill-humour  and  incapacity  for  labour, 
with  peevish  restlessness  ;  pressive  pain  in  forehead  from  this  till  5th  d,  ; 
dull  pain  in  1.  hypochondrium  ;  hot  flatus  ;  distension,  especially  in 
epigastrium,  and  stitches  as  on  2nd  d.  ;  pain  and  stiffness  in  correspond- 
ing joint  of  r»  hand.  Smelling  camphor  relieved  troubles  quickly  and 
considerably,  so  that  for  a  while  there  followed  even  inclination  and 
ability  for  mental  work  requiring  clear  thinking  ;  after  an  h.,  however, 
the  troubles  returned.  On  4th  d,,  troublesome  beating  of  external 
occipital  arteries,  with  cold  feeling  of  back  of  head  ;  twinging  ear-ache, 
crampy  pain  in  r,  ear  ;  oppression  and  painful oess  of  whole  1,  side  of 
face,  extending  from  an  inflamed  spot  in  I.  mouth  and  from  forehead  ; 
pressure  in  epigastrium  and  up  into  pharynx  ;  painful  pressure  under  1, 
itcrnum  alternating  with  same  under  r.  ribs  ;  same  in  1,  hypochondrium  ; 
[distension  and  drawing  in  abdomen  ;  excessively  painful  tearing  stitches 
in  second  joint  of  L  fourth  finger  ;  weight  and  weary  pain  in  r.  thigh. 
On  5th  d.,  jerking-drawing,  blunt  stitching  pain  in  finger,  knee  and 
elbow  joints  ;  several  pimples  in  various  places  and  a  furuncle  on  upper 
arm.  On  6th  d.,  dull  stitches  in  splenic  region  through  1.  chest,  also 
in  supra-orbital  region,  in  frontal  eminences,  and  in  finger-joints.  On 
7th  d.,  much  exhaustion  and  laziness  ;  eructations  as  on  2nd  d.  -,  transi- 
tory splenic  stitches  ;  distension  and  drawing  in  colon.  On  8th  d., 
lassitude  and   heaviness  in   limbs  with   dull   stitching  pains  in  joints, 

12. — a.  Dr.  Raue  took  hourly  doses  of  1,  trit.,  3  times  in  c.  and 
twice  next  m.     At  9  a.m.,  tenesmus,  after  |  h.  small  thin  stool,  then 

J5 


ALOE. 


for  some  h,  griping  in  belly  as  after  a  chill,  and  hereupon  headache* 
From  1 1  o'cloclc,  feeling  of  dull  pressure  through  whole  head,  shaking 
on  movement  as  if  brain  lay  loose  in  it,  sensibly  increased  in  fresh  cold 
air,  and  also  when  hanging  head  down,  and  for  awhile  after  rising  up  a 
beating,  thumping,  pulsating  pain,  especially  in  occiput ;  eating  relieved 
for  a  time.  Tongue  next  d.  was  coated  whitish-yellow,  and  there  was 
bad  taste  (as  after  senna  leaves)  all  forenoon  ;  stool  occurred  as  yestcr* 
day,  preceded  by  tenesmus  and  followed  by  belly-ache  ;  and  there  was 
the  same  headache,  but  slighter.  On  3rd  d.  no  headache  j  slighter 
urging  to  stool  all  d. ;  two  normal  motions  in  e. 

b,  A  woman  proved  tinct.  and  reports  ;  Vertigo  as  if  everything 
whirled  round  with  her,  worse  on  going  upstairs  and  turning  quickly  ; 
dull  headache  all  over  forehead,  with  heaviness  in  eyes  and  nausea  i 
headache  in  forehead  and  vertex  {4th  d,)  like  a  load,  worse  in  warmth, 
better  in  cool  air;  no  appetite  j  and  feverish  feeling  (pulse  104)] 
much  eructation  with  pressure  in  stomach  (2nd  d.)  ;  on  several  d,l 
nausea  immediately  after  dose,  must  sit  still  to  keep  off  vomiting, 
therewith  pains  from  stomach  to  both  sides  of  chest ;  pressure  in  pit  of 
stomach  through  to  back  like  a  load,  with  soreness,  rising  and  falling, 
accompanied  bv  frequent  eructations;  weak  feeling  in  pit  of  stomach, 
like  a  load^  and  burning  there  ;  diarrhoea,  during  gripings,  after  mid- 
night, stools  yellowish* green,  with  pain  before  and  after  ;  stitching 
pain  over  arch  of  pubes  (4th  d.) ;  a  sharp  pain  drawing  through  groin 
to  middle  of  thigh  ;  pain  in  heart,  going  through  to  under  I.  scapula  1 
sacra!  pains,  in  rest  and  movement  (2nd  d,)*     (llnd.) 

13,  Whitey  took  1st  cent,  trit.,  and  reports  throbbing  headache 
and  (e*)  dryness  of  tongue  and  mouth,  with  increased  thirst  and  redder 
lips.     [Ibid,) 

14,  ZuMBROCic,  after  triturating  drug,  observed  feeling  like  tenesmus 
in  rectum  near  anus,  more  towards  perinaenum  ,  and  sudden  blunt 
shoots  from  below  upwards  on  r,  side  of  head,  in  c.  and  following  m* 
{Ibid.) 

1 5^  B.  and  St*,  each  set.  20,  former  of  bilious,  latter  of  lymphatic 
temperament,  took  small  doses  of  A.  (one  to  three  grains).  Symptoms 
observed  were  : 

a,  (St,)  Violent  but  transient  stitches  in  1,  temporal  region,  in- 
creased by  every  step  ;  dryness  in  mouth  and  much  thirst,  dry  heat  in 
mouth,  tongue  very  red  and  rather  dry  ;  dryness  in  throat ;  congestions 
in  abdomen  \  boring  pain  in  umbilical  region  ;  all  d.,discharge  of  much 
fetid  flatus  ;  blood  comes  after  stool  ;  burning  pain  in  anus  after  a  hard 
stool  J  urine  scanty,  scalding  j  at  n.,  heavy  dreams. 

h,  (B.)  Attacks  of  vertigo;  drawing,  shooting  pain  in  1.  inner 
ear,  afterwards  also  in  n  ;  superficial  cracking  of  upper  lip  towards 
inside,  when  laughing ;  stitches  in  third  right  hollow  molar ;  throb- 
bing  in  same  after  smoking  tobacco  ;  nausea  ;  empty  eructation  ; 
eructation  with  taste  of  ingesta  ;  rumbling,  wind  on  stomach  ;  fulness 
of  stomach  after  drinking  water,  and  bilious  eructation  ;  pressure  and 
tension  in  r.  epigastrium  ;  increased  heat  in  abdomen  ;  rumbling, 
gurgling,  rolling  in  belly  ;  full  feeling  in  belly  ;  distension;  dull  stitches 
in  umbilical  region  when  sneezing;  discharge  of  much  flatus j  pinching 


ALOE. 


227 


^ 


I 


before  stool  ;  bilious  stool  ^  frequent  call  to  stool ;  after  a  pappy  stool, 
straining,  but  without  further  evacuation  ;  frequent  calls  to  urinate  j 
urine  deep  yellow  ;  tearing  in  r,  thigh  ;  pulse  quicker  than  usual. 
(BuCHNER,  JlJg,  horn.  Zeit^  xx,  263.) 

r6. — a.  Dr.  Watzke  proved  A.  from  20th  to  26th  of  April,  1853, 
commencing  with  3  drops  of  tincture,  and  increasing  the  dose  by 
1  drop  each  d.  From  thence  to  May  2nd  he  took  medicine  only  every 
2nd  d.,  increasing  as  before  by  i  cfrop  daily.  The  dose  was  always 
taken  i  or  2  h.  before  noon  meal.  The  only  symptoms  he  could 
positively  attribute  to  A,  belonged  to  the  abdomen  and  its  functions. 
On  the  first  days,  he  twice  had  increased  tension  and  peculiar  sensa- 
tion in  abdomen  soon  after  dinner,  with  hurried  call  to  stool,  only  a 
little  brownishj  slimy,  half-fluid  motion  being  passed.  On  6th  d.  stool, 
though  soft  and  copious,  was  passed  with  difficulty  and  repeated  effort. 
In  the  last  days,  feeling  of  fulness,  swelling  and  heat  in  the  rectum, 
recurring  repeatedly  and  especially  when  walking,  lasting  10  to  15  m. 
Creeping,  itching,  smarting  on  various  parts,  e.g,  perinaeum,  houghs, 
calves,  inner  side  of  thigh,  were  felt  throughout  the  proving.  Thinks 
it  possible  but  not  probable  that  these  symptoms  were  due  to  the 
medicine. 

^.  The  proving  was  continued  in  the  same  manner  till  May  20th, 
and  from  24th  to  31st  20  drops  were  taken  daily  in  morning  fasting. 
Former  symptoms  occurred,  but  more  severely.  He  woke  in  m*  with 
urgent  caJl  to  stool,  which  continued  after  the  (copious)  motion.  After 
dinner  a  small  soft  stool,  followed  by  sore  feeling  in  abdomen  for  some 
h.,  as  though  stool  would  come.  On  June  4th,  when  eating  dinner 
an  extremely  painful  cutting  in  the  bowels  prevented  further  eating  j 
this  went  off  in  10  m.,  and  was  not  followed  by  stool. 

f.  The  after-effects  were  very  persistent,  lasting  from  6  to  8  weeks. 
W.  enumerates  them  as:  A  difficulty  in  evacuating  even  a  soft  stool  j 
a  distressing,  occasionally  very  marked,  fulness  and  painful  tension  of 
abdomen  ;  violent  cuttings  in  intestines  ;  urging  to  stool  at  unusual  times 
and  frequently  during  the  d.,  which  persisted  even  after  a  stool,  and  some- 
times was  followed  by  sticking,  cutting  pain  in  rectum  i  feeling  of  heat 
and  swelling  in  rectum,  usually  more  acute  when  walking  ;  and  decided 
weakness  and  powerlessness  of  the  sphincter  ani,  which  closed  so  lazily 
and  incompletely  after  stool  that  it  was  difficult  to  wipe  the  anus  clean. 
{Ibid,^  Ixxiv,  29.) 

17. — a.  A  boy,  aet.  5,  took  at  10  a.m.  3  drops  of  3X,  Slight  belly- 
ache followed,  with  tension  and  some  inflation  of  abdomen,  then  dis- 
charge of  inodorous  flatus.  Three  d.  after  he  complained  of  pain  at 
anus  and  had  frequent  tenesmus,  during  which  he  pressed  out  small 
quantities  of  yellow  mucus.  He  had  intercurrent  chilliness  and  belly- 
ache with  retraction  of  the  umbilicus.^  (J.  O.  Muller,  Zeitschr.  d, 
Fireim  d,  horn,  Mrt%.,  ^857,  t,  38.) 

b.  A  healthy,  strong  brunette,  aet.  32,  took  at  4  p.m,  5  drops  of 
same  potency.     Two  h.  afterwards  came  on  intermittent  tearing  in 

^  Dr.  M.  thinks  it  necessary  to  mention  that  the  boy  haid  sat  on  a  cold  doorstep. 
This,  however,  he  had  often  done  before  with  impunity  ;  and  on  the  present  occasion 
the  bellyache,  tenesmus,  and  chilliness  preceded  his  doing  so, — Eds. 


2a8 


ALOE. 


head,  here  and  there,  with  heaviness,  confusion,  and  vertigo.     To  this 
were  added  scotomata — flickering  or  whirling  before  eyes,  yellow  rings 
that  moved  in  field  of  vision  in  circles  and  were  now  and  then  replaced 
by  shining  bodies  that  shot  across  eyes.     Eyes  felt  swelled  and  dim  as 
if  she   had   not  slept  for  several   nights.     The  head   symptoms  were 
worse  in   the  dark,  better  in  the  light.     She  had  also  inclination  to 
vomit    when    moving   about    hurriedly  ^    rumbling   and    swashing   in 
stomach  and  abdomen  ;  and  very  restless  sleep,  in  which  she  threw  off 
the   bedclothes*      She  was  very   prostrate   and   weary,  as  in  nervous  i 
debility.     On  rising  from  bed,  there  was  pain  and  shooting  from  sacrum  | 
to  anus,  hips  and  abdomen,  which  went  off  as  she  moved  about.     ( Ikid.) 
€,  Dr.  M —  himself  took  20  drops  of  same.     He  had  eructations 
of  gas  with  slight  pain  in  stomach  and  flow  of  saliva  j  pinching  belly- 
ache in   umbilical   region,  with  chilliness  ;    three  thin,  pappy^  dark- 
coloured,  scanty  stools  during  d.,  preceded  by  rumbling  and  pmching 
in    hypogastrium,   and   followed    by  tenesmus-like   pressure ;   irregular 
contraction  and  unusual  dirtiness  of  anus  after  evacuation,  and  sense  of 
increased  warmth  in   rectum  and  anus  in   intervals  of  stools.     There 
was  also  tickling,  creeping,  and  spotty  redness  on  glans  penis,  especially 
about  corona  and  frcnum  i  and  urine  was  scanty  and  dark.     {Ibid,) 

18.  Dr.  a.  Fischer  gave  to  five  persons  4  to  6  drops  of  tinct. 
every  m.,  for  3  d. 

a,  A  woman  nursing  a  two  months'  old  baby  had,  on  4th  d.,  cramps  1 
in  hypogastrium  and  r,  groin,  going  down  r.  thign  beyond  knee  ;  thereon^ 
followed  metrorrhagia  ;  she  felt  ill  all  over,  and  very  sensitive,  and  had 
tension  and  compression  in  nape,  behind  both  ears.  Her  baby  took  a 
drop  of  tincture  and  had  a  green  motion  in  4  h. ;  next  d.  was  fretful, 
groaning  during  sleep,  and  screaming  on  waking  (as  a  rule,  he  slept 
quietly),  with  copious  sweat  all  over, 

h.  A  woman,  act.  28,  had  on  ist  d.,  at  noon,  a  whistling  in  throat, 
as  if  something  had  fallen  into  trachea,  and  impeded  respiration ; 
dyspnoea ;  pressure  behind  sternum  \  scraping  in  larynx. 

€.  In  n*  after  third  dose,  a  single  woman,  aet.  30,  dreamed  at  raid- 
night  of  being  seriously    ill,    and  awoke   with    oppression    at   chest, 
breathing   whistling   and  painful,    larynx    tight    as    if  she    would    bcj 
strangled,  throat  dry,  tongue  dry  and  stiff;  she  cried,  and  was  obligedl 
to  sit  up  in  bed.     This  lasted  I  h.,  then  came  several  fits  of  coughing, 
and  gradually  all  passed  away. 

d,  A  child,  <ct,  3,  had,  early  in  middle  of  d.  after  second  dose,  a 
soft,  very  abundant  motion.  On  previous  d.  passed  blood  at  stool,  as 
from  piles. 

i.  A  child,  zet.  4,  2nd  d,  had  pains  in  nose,  followed  by  coryza ;  on 
3rd  d.  had  a  stool,  consisting  of  undigested  material,  with  traces  of 
blood.  Being  slightly  chilled  from  uncovering  himself  in  bed,  was 
seized,  during  n.,  with  hoarse,  rattling,  low-pitched  cough,  as  if  all  the 
trachea  were  raw,  harsh,  and  full  of  phlegm*  On  3rd  d.  the  child  was 
troublesome,  crying  at  the  slightest  thing. 

/  The  following  symptoms  arc  not  referred  to  the  individual 
provcrs : 

In  15  m,,  nausea  and  feeling  of  emptiness  in  stomach,  with  digging 


ALOE. 


229 


around  navel.  In  30  m.,  feeling  of  wind  rising  through  throat,  as  before 
sickness.  In  3  h,,  quivering  and  shaking  rn  larynx  and  tongue,  for  some 
m, ;  cough,  followed  by  a  sputum  size  of  bean,  yellow  and  tenacious  ; 
stitches  in  sacral  region  on  bending.  In  4  h.,  throbbing  in  1.  side  of 
head,  at  first  painless,  then  aching  for  |  h.  at  a  time,  head  much  affected* 
In  6  h,,  burning,  as  of  fire,  in  1.  nostril  j  stitches  under  r,  side  in  region 
of  liven  At  4  p.m.,  pricking  in  1.  hypogastnum,  deep  in  body,  as  if 
in  I.  ovary  and  uterine  ligaments  ;  in  e.,  headache  on  I.  side,  with  ten- 
sion J  hoarseness  and  slight  cough,  with  continual  expectoration,  pro- 
voked by  tickling  and  scraping  in  larynx,  thirst  and  dryness  in  throat 
(cough  continued  for  several  d,,  worse  towards  m.  j  on  ist  d,  there  was 
pricking  in  r.  side  of  larynx  at  each  fit,  and  raw  pain  when  expectorat- 
ing) i  pressing  pains  in  r.  side,  under  armpit,  extending  in  direction  of 
r,  shoulder  towards  back.  On  this  ist  d.  motions  were  soft  and  pasty, 
later  solid  or  absent.  On  2nd  d.  a  round,  red  spot  at  edge  of  1,  lower 
jaw,  between  lower  margin,  angle  and  chin  j  motion  followed  by  sen- 
sation of  burning  at  anus  ;  urine  scanty,  twice  only  in  24  h.,  and  little 
at  a  time,  containing  yellow,  branny  deposit ;  pain  under  nail  of  1.  fore- 
finger {in  one  of  the  children).  On  2nd  n,  a  man  dreams  he  is  mad, 
and  that  everyone  is  watching  him.  On  3rd  d.  tearing  pain  deep  in  r, 
eye,  lasting  some  m.  ;  rumbling  in  belly,  most  frequently  in  hypo- 
gastrium  ;  piercing  and  twisting  pain  around  navel ;  pricking  sensation 
in  rectum  (afternoon);  the  third  finger  of  r,  hand^  in  which  there  is  a 
torn  sensation,  presents  a  kind  of  ulcer  on  first  phalanx,  it  is  red,  and 
seems  inflamed.  On  4th  d,,  pains  on  r.  side  of  forehead  ;  in  two  sub- 
jects, nausea,  mounting  up  into  throat,  with  inability  to  vomit  ;  from 
afternoon  till  e.,  tearing  sensation  in  r.  thigh  above  knee ;  stitches  in 
r.  knee  (m  three  provers) ;  in  e,,  pain,  as  if  strained,  in  outer  ankle  of 
U  foot  while  walking;  at  n.  ineffectual  tenesmus.  In  e.  of  ist  5  d., 
headache,  involving  whole  head,  and  twitchings  above  r.  eyebrow,  deep 
in  r.  side  of  forehead.  On  6th  n.,  when  but  just  in  bed,  sudden  and 
clashing  explosion  in  L  car,  like  breaking  of  glass, — the  noise  seems 
deep  in  head,  whence  it  goes  towards  r,  ear. 

Without  note  of  time  are  mentioned  : — Jerking  pain  in  r.  parietal 
bone  towards  vertex,  with  pain  when  touched  ;  head  affected,  with 
turns  of  nausea ;  menses  appeared  6  d.  too  soon,  with  a  sensation  of 
cold,  blood  dark,  flowing  abundantly,  with  clots  ;  coryza  and  heat  of 
nose  i  stitches  in  r.  chest,  under  (female)  breast ;  sleeplessness  before 
midnight  (three  provers),  from  midnight  to  5  a*m.  (in  one)  ;  dreams  of 
monsters,  and  of  all  kinds  of  animals.  {Journ,  du  Disp.  Hahn.^ 
Bruxelles,  iii,  235.) 

19,  Health  sound,  pulse  65,  regular  ^  took  at  7  a.m.  10  drops  i^diL 
in  \  oz.  water.  7,2.  Increased  ssdiva  with  eructations.  7.5.  Itching 
behind  knee,  also  of  scalp;  distension  of  stomach.  7.7.  Itching  in 
various  parts  ;  distension  and  rumbling  in  bowels.  7.15.  Borborygmus 
and  drawing  in  bowels  very  annoying.  7.27,  Drawing  in  r.  tibia  ;  burn- 
ing in  r.  foot ;  eructations.  7.45.  Pressure  and  drawing  in  hypogastric 
region,  with  drawing  in  spermatic  cords ;   griping  in  transverse  colon 

^followed  ^  passed  flatus  with  relief.     8.10.  Drawing  in  cervical  region; 

Flegt  and  feet  cold.     8.20,   Pulse  75  j    eructations  ;    arms   *eel  weak  \ 


a3«> 


ALOE. 


hands  cold  to  touch  ;  chilliness  on  moving  ;  cramp  in  r.  foot.     8*45. 

rStool,  unusually  free  and  forcible,  with  noisy  flatus,  followed  by  draw- 
ing in  bowels  and  extremities.  12*15  p.m.  Slight  nausea,  griping  and 
noisy  rumbling  in  bowels  ;  cold  feet  are  now  hoc  ;  pulse  90 ;  normal 
urine.  1.30,  Hearty  meal  followed  by  urgent  stool  with  heat  and  irri- 
tation of  anus.  During  p.m.  increased  rectal  irritation  with  loud 
rumbling  j  pulse  94.  8,0.  Gloominess  and  slight  headache ;  some 
languor  and  thirst  ;  n.  sleep  interrupted  by  haemorrhoidal  irritation  and 
unusual  sexual  excitement  ;  during  sleep  seminal  emission  without 
dream »  Waked  at  6  a,m  with  urgent  call  to  stool^  difficult  to  retain, 
copious  and  loose,  followed  by  hsemorrhoidal  irritation  ^  headache  and 
languor  until  after  brealcfast.  Occasional  sneezing  during  the  day. 
(A.  W.  Woodward,  MS.  Communication,) 

20.  A.  acts  in  small  doses  on  the  nervous  plexuses  and  vessels  of  the 
abdomen  ;  in  stronger  doses  it  acts  as  well  upon  the  intestinal  canat» 

I  specially  the  large  intestine  i  and  produces,  easily,  and  without  incon- 
venience, increased  and  watery  evacuations,  though  after  some  interval, 
at  times  as  long  as  24  h. ;  in  very  strong  doses  it  acts  as  a  very  drastic 
purgative,  with  griping,  at  times  with  bloody  stools.  (Voigtbl,  SysUm 
der  Arzniimitteluhriy  ii,  2,  114.) 

21* — tf.  In  large  doses  A.  acts  as  a  purgative.  There  are,  however^ 
some  peculiarities  attcndirig  its  cathartic  operation  deserving  of  notice. 
In  the  first  place,  these  effects  are  not  so  speedily  produced  as  by  some 
other  purgatives ;  for  8,  12,  and  sometimes  24  h,  elapse  before  they  arc 
produced.  Secondly,  A.  acts  especially  on  the  large  intestines,  and  a 
full  dose  is  in  some  persons  apt  to  produce  heat  and  irritation  about  the 
rectum,  and  tenesmus  5  and  in  those  troubled  with  hscmorrhoids,  it  ts 
said  not  unfrequently  to  increase,  or  even  to  bring  on,  the  sanguineous 
discharge*  The  purgative  effects  of  A.  do  not  arise  merely  from  its 
local  action  on  the  alimentary  canal,  since  this  effect  is  sometimes  pro* 
duced  when  the  medicine  has  been  neither  swallowed  nor  given  by  the 
rectum  \  so  that  it  appears  to  be  of  a  specific  kind, 

b.  The  uterus,  in  common  with  all  the  pelvic  viscera,  is  stimulated 
by  A.  A  determination  of  blood  towards  these  organs^  and  a  fulness  of 
the  blood-vessels  (especially  of  the  veins),  are  produced,  and  thus  uterine 
irritation  and  menorrhagia  are  apt  to  be  increased  by  it.  (Pereira, 
Mat.  Mtd,^  sub  voce.) 

22.  If  pushed  far,  a  slight  degree  of  enteritis  may  be  set  up.  The 
motions  are  highly  coloured,  Itlce  bile,  soft,  seldom  watery.  (  Wibmer, 
Wirk.  d,  Ar%.  u,  Gifte^  i.,  105.) 

23,  Administered  in  small  doses  of  five  to  thirty  centigrammes, 
once  or  twice  a  day,  A*  causes  slight  colic,  followed  by  expulsion  of  one 
or  several  diarrhoeic  stools.  We  see  that  the  action  of  this  purgative  is 
very  gentle  \  stools  rarely  occur  in  less  than  5  or  6  h.,  and  it  often 
happens  that  patients  do  not  go  to  stool  until  24  h.  after  the  adminis* 
tration  of  the  drug.  The  first  effect,  therefore,  is  to  increase  the 
number  of  stools  or  to  facilitate  them,  and  it  also  stimulates  the 
functions  of  the  stomach,  but  only  m  those  cases  where  the  weakness 
of  digestion  is  not  accompanied  by  signs  of  chronic  gastritis.  If  the 
use  of  A,  is  continued  for  some  time,  we  do  not  fail  to  see  symptoms 


ALOE. 


231 


I 


of  sanguineous  flux  towards  tbe  pelvic  viscera  i  there  are  heat  and 
feeling  of  weight  towards  the  extremity  of  the  intestinal  canal  ; 
excitement  of  the  genitals  and  increased  venereal  appetite,  with  more 
frequent  desire  to  urinate  j  in  women,  pain  and  weight  in  the  womb, 
and  in  the  loins  ;  increased  flow  of  whites  ;  uterine  colic  more  painful 
at  the  period,  and  increased  menstrual  flow.  In  heavy  doses,  A.  acts 
hke  all  drastic  purgatives*  (Trousseau  and  Pidoux,  Mat,  Mid.^  sub 
voce.) 

24. — a,  A.  evidently  acts  by  irritating  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  intestines,  and  producing  a  larger  secretion  \  this  is  manifest  from 
the  large  quantity  of  mucus  often  passed  out  with  the  evacuations  when 
aloetic  aperients  have  been  taken.  .  ,  .  When  admfnistercd  in 
larger  doses  than  2  to  5  gr.,  it  is  apt  to  cause  griping,  heat  about 
the  anus,  and  hemorrhoids  ;  it  also  loses  its  effect  of  properly  emptying 
the  large  intestines,  producing  small  frequent  evacuations,  consisting 
principally  of  mucus,  and  attended  with  tenesmus,  the  abdomen  being 
at  the  same  time  distended  and  tender,  the  patient  complaining  that 
**  his  bowels  feel  as  \(  scraped ;  "  the  pulse  is  sensibly  quickened, 
and  a  sense  of  distension  is  felt  about  the  head.  The  long-con- 
tinued use  of  aloetic  aperients  has  a  tendency  to  produce  emaciation, 
and  their  action  upon  the  bowels  becomes  capricious  and  uncertain, 
sometimes  failing  to  produce  any  effect,  and  at  others  producing 
frequent  small  evacuations,  as  before  described  j  the  mucus  being 
occasionally  passed  in  long  membranous  bands,  and  sometimes  in 
substances  resembling  pieces  of  flesh.  I  have  also  seen  two  cases  in 
which  the  mucus  passed  along  with  the  evacuations  had  all  the  appear- 
ance of  fat. 

h.  I  have  seen  cases  of  enteritis  which  I  believed  to  be  traceable  to 
the  inordinate  use  of  A» 

c.  I  have  many  times  found  that  when  squill,  along  with  other 
diuretics,  failed  to  act,  the  addition  of  A.  has  speedily  produced  a  copious 
diuresis.     (Greenhow,  Lond.  Med,  Gaz.y  xix,  269.) 

li.  Poisonings, — 1.  A  singular  case  occurred  in  Germany  a  few 
years  since,  wherein  a  medico-Iegal  question  arose  respecting  the 
poisonous  properties  of  A,  A  woman  aged  43,  not  labouring  under 
any  apparent  disease,  swallowed  2  dr.  of  powdered  A.  in  coffee.  Violent 
diarrhoea  supervened,  and  she  died  the  following  morning,  12  h*  after 
havine  taken  the  medicine.  On  inspection,  the  stomach  was  found 
partially,  and  the  small  intestine  extensively,  inflamed.  There  was 
nothing  else  to  account  for  death,  and  this  was  referred  to  the  effect  of 
the  A.     (Taylor,  Pot  sons  ^  sub  voce.) 

III.  Expiriments  on  animals. —  i.  Moiroud  injected  into  the  veins 
of  a  horse  5iv  of  A,  dissolved  in  water  with  a  little  alcohol,  and  the 
next  d*  5j  more,  without  any  other  effect  than  the  evacuation  of  a  lar|e 
quantity  of  urine.  The  dung,  however,  was  enveloped  by  a  thin 
pellicle,  formed  by  altered  intestinal  mucus.     (Pereira,  op,  cit.) 

2,  To  a  young  dog  gr.  iij  were  given  twice,  once  14  h.  and  again 
2  h,  before  death.  Liver  was  quite  natural,  moderately  full  of  blood, 
gall-bladder  moderately  distended  with  yellowish  bile.  The  whole 
length  of  the  intestinal  canal  was  tinged  yellow  by  the  bile  which  had 


132 


ALUMEN. 


flowed  out,*  but  was  otherwise  normaL  There  was  accumulation  of 
oily  matter  in  the  central  cells  of  the  lobules  of  the  liver ;  it  also 
contained  distinct  whitish  spots  about  the  stxe  of  a  pin's  head.  The 
cells  were  generally  pale  granular  bodies,  and  did  not  contain  more  than 
a  very  decided  yellow  tint.  The  ducts  were  very  distinct,  being 
rendered  opaque  by  oily  deposits  between  their  nuclei.  (Handfield 
Jones,  Mid.-Chir,  Trans, ^  xxxv,  255.) 


^^P  ALUMEN. 

^^m  Alum,     PotasstcAlumimc  sutphnte.     K3Al24S04,%4HjO. 

L  Frovings, — I.  Dr.  Jeanes  took  3rd  cent.  trit.  (how  is  not 
stated).  On  8th  d.  had  bruised  feeling  on  lower  edge  of  I  orbit,  on 
pressure  or  on  moving  lids,  lasting  2  d,  ;  and  piles,  with  aching  within 
anus.  On  nth  d.,  three  yellow  diarrhceic  stools,  like  an  infant's, 
(Hering,  Mat.  Mtd.^  vol.  i,  1873.) 

2*  N.  N —  took  5  daily  doses  of  same, — ist  3  in  e.,  4th  and  5th  in 
m.  After  1st  dose,  slept  well  ^  in  m.,  1  h.  after  rising,  weariness,  and 
for  3  h,  twitching  in  limbs,  particularly  rn  arms, — therewith  much 
excited.  In  \  h.  after  2nd  dose  felt  very  warm  in  1.  side,  opposite 
shoulder,  internally,  and  also  very  tired  ;  but  slept  well.  Same  sensa- 
tion at  same  interval  after  3rd  dose  ;  n.  again  good  ;  in  m.  some  head- 
ache over  eyes,  and  pain  in  I.  chest.  After  4th  dose,  very  soon  tired  j 
warm  ebullitions  like  spasms  spread  over  whole  trunk,  particularlj 
back  ;  no  pains,  but  trembling  of  muscles  ;  towards  2  o'clock  pains  if 
chest  return,  better  when  walking.  In  15  m.  after  5th  dose  a  kind  of 
cramp  in  back  just  below  hips  on  both  sides  j  very  warm  ebullitions  \ 
the  sensation  went  from  the  hips  up  the  1.  side  ;  it  so  frightened  him 
that  he  took  a  cup  of  coffee  to  remove  it.     {Ibid,) 

3,  Dr.  Rhees  proved  same  {manner  unknown).  In  i  h*  after  2nd 
dose  had  rheumatic  pains  in  arms  and  chest,  and  over  I.  eye,  Othcc 
symptoms  are  not  dated  :  they  are — Pain  in  head,  coming  and  going^^^ 
from  place  to  place  ;  sensation  of  fulness  in  chest,  also  in  arms  (especially 
after  supper)  ;  stitching  pain  down  middle  of  chest,  later  in  r.  side ; 
severe  pain  in  1.  shoulder ;  pain  in  n  arm  as  if  a  string  were  tied 
tightly  round  it  ;  bruised  pains  in  joints  of  arms,  hands  and  feet  ; 
rheumatic  pain  in  1.  hand  and  all  finger-joints ;  pain  in  both  knees, 
particularly  in  r.,  when  walking  j  uneasiness  in  knees,  with  pain  just 
above  them  j  rheumatic,  and  bruised,  pain  in  whole  body  ;  sensation,  all 
forenoon,  of  inward  heat.     {Ibid.) 

4, — a.  Miss  R.  A.  Rhees  took  6ch  dil  (manner  not  stated,  but 
evidently  in  repeated  doses).  Her  symptoms  were — Dull  heavy  pain 
in  head,  particularly  in  back  part ;  in  3rd  week  unusually  good  appetite 
and  thirst,  on  21st  d.  little  appetite  ;  after  a  meal,  heaviness  in  stomach 
and  throbbing  as  in  an  abscess,  also  distension  at  epigastrium  \  2  h* 

•  Dr.  Rutherford,  in  his  recent  experiments  on  dogs,  found  A.  an  undoubted 
cholagogue. — EPS, 


ALUiMEN* 


^33 


after  taking  it  in  m.,  seized  with  nausea,  faintncss  and  weakness,  lasting 
till  afternoon,  when  pain  returned  ^  with  nausea,  nervous  restlessness 
and  excitement,  mental  rather  than  bodily  ;  on  another  occasion  nausea 
and  faint ness,  accompanied  with  sick,  griping  pain  in  stomach  and 
loathing  of  food  j  on  22nd  d.  nausea  in  m.,  and  so  weak  that  she  could 
not  sit  up,  felt  a  heat  in  stomach  with  great  thirst,  relieved  by  drinking 
cold  water  j  at  1 1  a.m.  sinking  sensation  at  stomach,  after  eating  some- 
thing she  fek  stronger,  but  had  far  15  m.  a  violent  throbbing  there, 
extending  to  heart,  and  violent  palpitation  ;  for  several  weeks  after 
proving  distension  at  epigastrium  after  eating  ;  soon  after  taking  it  in  e., 
felt  a  slight  pain  or  binding  sensation  in  her  breast,  especially  on  r.  side, 
which  disappeared  on  (almost  immediately)  retiring  to  rest. 

Besides  these  symptoms,  Miss  R,  had  two  singular  attacks  while 
taking  drug,  which  she  thus  describes : 

h,  "  Between  3  and  4  p.m.  I  fek  a  pain  in  my  r.  arm  as  though  a 
cord  were  drawn  tightly  round  it,  just  below  shoulder,  occasioning 
great  fulness  of  blood-vessels  and  deprivation  of  strength.  The  pain 
was  dull  and  heavy,  not  general  throughout  the  arm,  but  rather  in 
lines  extending  in  different  directions  from  the  ligature  which  apparently 
bound  it ;  the  weakness  was  such  that  1  could  not  hold  the  needle 
which  1  was  using  when  the  pain  commenced.  The  attaclc  began 
suddenly,  continued  for  a  few  moments,  and  then  abated j  though  it  did 
not  leave  me  entirely,  and  returned  at  regular  intervals  during  remainder 
of  d.  and  e.  Renewed  doses  increased  pain  in  arm,  which  is  this  e. 
quite  severe/*  Writing  apparently  of  and  at  same  time,  she  describes 
a  "  sensation  as  if  a  cord  were  tieci  around  the  leg,  under  r.  knee  j  pain 
extends  downward  and  upward,  but  is  confined  to  lower  leg.  To-night 
a  similar  feeling,  though  much  slighter  ;  the  pain  is  on  the  under  part  of 
the  limb  only." 

€,  On  sth  d,,  about  3,45  p.m.,  sitting  in  church,  was  seized  with  a 
sharp,  steady  pain  in  the  stomach,  accompanied  with  the  most  death- 
like faintness  she  ever  remembered  to  have  felt,  with  extreme  sickness 
and  immediate  loss  of  strength.  A  cold  sweat  covered  her,  she  thinks 
she  must  have  been  deathly  pale,  for  she  felt  as  though  the  blood 
(which  had  at  first  been  driven  to  the  head  by  the  suddenness  and 
severity  of  the  pain)  were  leaving  it  and  the  extremities  altogether  i 
they  were  quite  cold  ;  her  sight  grew  dim,  and  she  became  so  faint 
that  she  expected  every  moment  to  fall  from  her  seat*  The  pain  in 
stomach  felt  as  though  it  would  draw  her  double.  The  attack  lasted, 
she  thinks,  about  I  h.,  after  which  violence  of  pain  gradually  abated, 
faintness  passed  off,  chilliness  gave  place  to  heat,  and  the  blood  rushed 
to  her  head  with  such  a  force  that  she  could  hardly  hold  it  up,  or  keep 
her  eyes  open,  though  quite  conscious  of  what  was  going  on  about  her. 
After  service,  she  was  able  to  walk  slowly  home,  though  very  weak, 
feeling  very  much  as  if  she  had  been  ill  for  a  month.  She  felt  the 
weakness  especially  in  her  back,  although  she  had  no  pain  there ;  but 
during  rest  of  e.,  whenever  drawing  a  long  breath,  it  appeared  to  come 
from  a  spot  on  each  side  of  spine,  about  middle  of  back,  on  h'ne  with 
inferior  angles  of  scapula.  Effects  passed  off  with  night's  rest,  and 
there  was  no  return  of  symptoms.     [Itid,) 


134 


ALUMEN. 


5.  Miss  Alic£  Rhees^  a  younger  sister  of  above,  commenced 
proving  same  dilution,  but  next  d,  had  similar  attack  at  noon.  Was 
seized  instantaneously  with  most  acute  pain  in  stomach ;  was  found 
sittine  drawn  together,  with  knees  against  breast  and  face  h'kc  a  corpse, 
deathly  pale,  lips  blue.  Chamomilla  relieved,  but  there  remained  great 
vertigo  and  nausea  ;  she  complained  of  being  very  cold,  but  did  not 
shudder;  great  weakness,  as  after  long  illness,  with  headache  lasting 
all  afternoon.     (Ibid,) 

6.  Mrs.  Rhees  experienced  similar  symptoms  from  the  12th,  of 
which  she  took  repeated  doses.  The  attack  occurred  on  two  successive 
m.,  about  l  h.  after  rising  \  istd.  pain  was  absent,  but  nausea,  faintness 
and  coldness  were  very  pronounced,  and  d.  pain  was  severe.  Dr. 
HusEMANN  also,  while  taking  same  potency,  twice  had  sudden  sharp 
pain  in  region  of  stomach.     (Ibid,) 

7.  Tn,  friend  of  Dr.  Husemann,  took  6th  on  May  nth  and  izth. 
On  m^  of  1 2th  and  13th,  woke  with  pressing  headache  over  eyes,  which 
lasted  till  10  a,m»,  relieved  by  drinking  cold  water;  about  9.30  p,m. 
same  headache,  with  vertigo,  lasting  till  bedtime,  lessening  after  lying 
down  to  sleep.  Also  un  both  mornings,  while  washing  and  dressing, 
pains  in  1.  chest,  near  middle  of  sternum,  lasting  till  9  a.m.  He  also 
had  tickling  in  larynx,  causing  cough  j  tongue  rough,  and  as  if  scraped^ 
in  m.  ;  lassitude  in  whole  body,  especially  in  1.  leg  j  very  light  and 
restless  sleep.  On  3rd  d.,  in  m,  on  rising,  he  spat  a  lump  of  coagulated 
blood.     (Uid.) 

8.  Barthez  took,  fasting,  5SS  of  alum  in  Jj  of  water.  Imme- 
diately contraction  in  whole  mouth,  lasting  ^  h.,  with  very  painful 
pressure  in  stomach.  During  rest  of  d.  no  marked  symptoms.  After 
3  d.  took  3J  in  ^ij  water.  This  was  followed  by  more  violent  con- 
traction than  before  ;  appetite  was  not  diminished,  but  on  the  contrary 
he  thought  it  improved,  and  digestion  rather  better  than  usual.  After 
this  took  doses  increasing  every  time  by  5SS,  till  he  took  3iiss  at  once. 
Thereupon  he  experienced  violent  urgency  to  vomit,  lasting  nearly  ^  h., 
but  without  vomiting.     Throughout  d.  no  marked  disturbance. 

The  inclination  to  vomit  seemed  to  depend  rather  on  the  astringency 
and  disagreeable  taste  of  drug  than  upon  any  irritating  influence  on 
stomach.  After  6  d.  took  ^ting  5iij  at  a  dose,  and  in  3  or  4.  m. 
vomited  twice  a  portion  of  solution.  Through  d,  no  symptoms  of  any 
kind  ;  only  2  or  3  d.  after  stools  were  more  difficult  than  usuaL  The 
vomiting  spoken  of  occurred  without  effort  and  without  previous  nausea. 
{Ricueil  da  Mem,  di  Med,,  1835.) 

9.  WtBMfiR,  in  experiments  on  self  with  alum  in  doses  of  gr.  iij  in 
jv  of  water,  taken  several  times  a  day,  observed  dryness  of  mouth  and 
throat,  thirst,  diminished  frequency  and  increased  consistency  of  stools. 
[JVirkung^  kc,^  I,  114.) 

10.  In  the  experience  of  Begin,  and  also  of  Barbier,  the  long-con- 
tinued  use  of  small  doses  of  alum  produces  cough  in  persons  with  sensi- 
tivc  bronchial  tubes.*     (Lewin,  Op,  at,,  p.  51.) 

*  Prover  No.  6  (but  no  other)  experienced  hoarseness,  and  evea  loss  of  voice,  with 
tickling  cough  on  talking.— £Dt. 


ALUMEN, 


^35 


11.  A.  W— ,  health  sound,  pulse  65,  regular,  took  10  gr.  of  t^  at 
6  a«m.  Soon^  watery  eyes,  followed  by  sneezing.  At  6,10  tasteless 
eructations  and  shifting  flatulence.  6.15,  drawing  in  plantar  surface 
of  r.  foot,  afterwards  in  epigastrium,  7.0,  free  and  watery  urine  (had 
been  relieved  at  5.30).  7*30,  cramp-like  drawing  and  stiffness  in 
cervical  region.  8.0^  discharge  from  eyes  has  become  glutinous  and 
annoyine  ;  occasional  wandering  cramps*  8,30,  urination  as  before  ; 
pulse  70,  9,0,  no  appetite  for  delayed  breakfast ;  slight  irritative 
cough.  9«4-5,  urging  to  stool  with  much  borborygmus  j  ringing  in  r, 
ear;  cough  while  exercising.  lo.o,  burning  and  itching  in  r.  outer 
canthus.  JO. 35,  urging  to  urinate,  1 1*30,  easy  fatigue  from  short 
walk^  followed  by  backache  in  lumbar  region  ;  pulse  86,  12.45)  f^^^^ 
as  from  hunger ;  palpitation  ;  much  abdominal  flatus.  2.0,  languor 
and  headache;  voice   uncertain;  nostrils  and   mouth  dry;  no  thirst* 

*30,  loose  stool^  much  flatus  ;  ha?morrhoidal  irritation  followed.     Was 
constipated  for  2  d,  afterwards  ;    urine  was  scant  and   high  coloured. 
"(Woodward,  Mi^d.  Era^  Jan.,  1885  ) 

12,  The  received  theory  of  the  action  of  alum  is  that  it  causes  a 
contraction  of  the  blood-vessels  ;  but  we  have  failed  in  most  cases  to 
see  any  evident  alteration,  as  ascertained  by  direct  measurements  on 
the  mesentery  of  the  frog,  in  the  size  of  the  blood-vessels  when  alum 
solutions  were  dropped  upon  them.  In  a  few  cases  an  expansion,  and 
in  two  only  a  slight  contraction,  was  noticed  ;  the  capillaries  them- 
selves were  generally  expanded.  Nevertheless,  a  stasis  in  the  circula- 
tion often  occurred,  (Nothnagel  and  Rossbach,  Ar^mtmiUelUhri^ 
sub  voce.) 

11,  Pmmings. —  i.  a.  The  reaction  of  A.  with  albumen  furnishes  a 
simple  explanation  of  the  corrosive  action  of  the  salt  in  solid  form  or 
in  concentrated  solution.  The  great  rapidity  with  which  a  case 
observed  by  Ricquet  {Journ,  de  Pharm,  it  Chim.^  Oct,,  1873)  proved 
fata],  and  some  symptoms  noted  in  previous  cases  of  poisoning  (tremor 
of  muscles,  spasms,  depression,  &c,)  give  reason  to  suspect  that  A. 
exerts  also  a  constitutional  action,  the  more  so  as  in  Ricquet's  case  the 
local  lesions  were  found  at  the  autopsy  comparatively  slight,  and 
entirely  out  of  proportion  to  the  rapid  course  of  the  poisoning. 

b.  Of  all  the  symptoms  the  most  constant  are  the  pains  in  the 
cavity  of  the  mouth,  oesophagus  and  stomach,  which  are  experienced 
immediately  after  taking  the  poison,  and  also  the  vomiting,  which 
comes  on  very  soon,  and  is  sometimes  bloody,  Ricquet  also  observed 
severe  dysphagia,  torturing  thirst,  and  retention  of  faeces.  Several 
writers  mention  great  weakness  of  the  muscles  and  depression.  The 
consciousness  is  unclouded.  There  is  great  anxiety,  and  sometimes  a 
convulsive  tremor  of  the  muscles  is  observed.  The  pulse  is  exceedingly 
small  and  frequent.  After  repeated  fainting  fits  and  a  considerable 
reduction  of  temperature  below  the  normal  point,  death  ensued  within 

£,  At  the  autopsy,  yellowish-grey  deposits  were  found  on  the  mucous 
membrane  of  mouth,  pharynx,  and  oesophagus ;  tongue  and  palate  were 
swollen.  Stomach,  intestines,  and  kidneys  were  hypersemic,  but  without 
noticeable  loss  of  substance.     (Boehm,  Ziimssin's  CycL^  xvii.) 


236     ALUMINA— AMBRA   GRlSEA— AMMONIACUM. 

III.  Experiments  on  animals. — I.  a»  Orfila  gave  3vij  of  crystallised 
lum  in  powder  to  dogs  ;  the  animals  retained  it  from  lo — 30  ra,,  then 
Ifomited,  and  in  an  h.  were  apparently  well  ;  gij  of  burnt  alum  in  ^iv 
of  cold  water  occasioned  vomiting  only.  When  oesophagus  was  tied  to 
prevent  vomiting  death  took  place  in  5  h,,  with  symptoms  of  great 
exhaustion  and  diminished  sensibiHty.  On  P.M»  examination,  mucous 
membrane  of  stomach  was  found  inflamed  in  whole  extent. 

if,  Bourgelat  has  seen  a  phthisical  condition  induced  in  horset  by 
the  use  of  alum  in  too  great  quantities.     (Pereira,  op>  dt.^  sub  voce,) 


ALUMINA, 

ArgilJa»  clay-earth.     An  oxide  of  aluminium,  ALOj^H^Oj.     Prepared  by 
precipitation  from  solution  of  alum. 

1.  Primings, — 1.     Hahnemann,    Chronic    Diseases^    Part    II    of 

original,  Vol,  of  translation.     Contains  about  400  symptoms  from 

author,  and  760  from  six  fellow-observers,* 

2.  Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  ArxneimittelUhn^  II,  80.  Contains 
979  symptoms  from  four  observers,  Hartlaub,  Nenning,  Schretcr^ 
Trinks,  obiained  some  with  ist  trit,,  most  with  6th  diL  They  will 
be  found  incorporated  with  Hahnemann's  schema. 


AMBRA   GRlSEA. 

Ambra  Ambrosiaca^  L,     Ambergris.     A  substance  found  Aoadne  here  and  there  on 
southern  seas,  suppQised  to  come  from  the  sperm  Wnale. 

L  Prw/w^j.— I.  Hahnemann,  Mat,  Med,  Pur,,  Vol  VI  of 
original,  Vol.  I  of  English  translation.  Contains  920  symptoms  from 
Hahnemann  himself  and  one  other. 

2.  Bos  WELL  noticed,  after  taking  30  gr.,  quiclcncss  of  pulse,  increase 
of  muscular  power  and  of  sight  and  hearing  j  also  greater  activity  of 
mind)  and  of  the  sexual  power*      (Hom,  Examiner,  N,  s.^  II.  1846.} 


AMMONIACUM. 

Dorema  Ammomaeum,  Don.     Nat.  Ord,,  Umbellijtrm,    "Gum  amrooniac  '*  is  ike 
resin  which  exudes  from  the  stem, 

I.  Fr(n;ingt. — i.  C — ,  a  healthy  man,  set,  17,  bilious  constitution.  8th  June, 
took  at  7,  II,  and  3  oVlock  30  drops  of  a  solution  of  31  gr.  in  3  02.  distilled  water. 
No  effect,  except  that  he  felt  a  desire  to  take  more. — 9th,  Morning,  after  stool,  took 
4  02.  of  the  solution ;  at  3  p.m.  i  02.  At  5  p.m*,  felt  bruised  pain  in  r,  arm,  espe- 
cially about  elbow -joint  j  afterwards  weariness  of  limbs,  tendcnc)'  to  perspire,  drowil. 
ness,^ — loth.  At  6  a.m.  %  oz.  Soon  afterwards  soft  stool,  yawnmg.  The  day- 
light,  though  it  is  cloudy^  hurts  his  eyes.     At  10  a.m,  shouting  in  r.  nip-joint  when 

•  For  an  excellent  analysis  and  reconstruction  of  this^  see  Dt,  Allen*$  anicle  in 
North  Amer*  Jatrn,  q/' Horn*  for  Nov.,  iSSa^  p.  a6S, 


AMMONIACUM. 


»37 


ieated,  ftilJ  feeiing  up  into  throat.  After  ti  n.  repeated  shooting  in  r.  pudendum, 
near  spermatic  cord,  rrtuming  in  e.  E.,  heaviness  of  limb^f^hooting  in  various  parts 
of  body,  in  I.  big  toe,  L  knee,  chest,  never  lasting  long.^i  iih.  At  7]and  9  a»m.,  6  gr. 
On  Hsing  from  bed,  felt  laziness  and  drowsiness,  with  depre^^sion  of  spiritSi  heairi- 
nets  and  fatigue  of  body.  Later,  sinciput  somewhat  confused,  at  same  time  weak- 
ness of  eyes,  weight  in  loins.  Pulse  small  and  heart  not  quickened.  E.,  confused 
head»  incapacitatmg  him  for  work.  At  10  p.m.  drawing  in  middle  toes  of  1.  foot,^ — 
i»th.  Night  restleis,  woke  often  and  dreamt  much.  At  6  a.m»  took  11  gr.^  at 
9  a.m.  14  gr.  dissolved  in  water.  Furry  ^nsation  in  occiput.  Frequent  yawning, 
bringing  tears  into  his  eyes  j  shooting  in  I.  shoulder.joint  j  bruijied  pain  in  I.  wrist- 
joint,  afterwards  m  r.  j  eructation  now  and  then ;  pressure  in  sinciput  j  Ifull  feeling  in 
niuces  and  cesopha^us,  almost  with  inclination  to  vomit ;  lame  feeling  tn  I.  arm  ; 
drawing  in  r.  middle  finger;  pressure  in  rectum  when  seated.  At  5  p.m,,  took 
i«  gr.  Soon  afterwards  tearing  and  drawing  in  I.  sole  j  prickling  throbbing  in  L 
upper  eyelid,  recurring  next  d,  with  subsequent  pressure  ;  late  at  n.  cracking  in  instep 
when  moved ;  drawing  in  1.  zygoma  toward  temple ;  shooting  in  r.  spermatic  coro. 
At  his  nights  were  restless  and  unrcfreshing,  he  had  to  interrupt  his  proving* — 19th, 
7  a.m^,  took  1 3  gr.  No  effects.  At  5  and  8  p*m.,  took  1 3  gr.  At  4  p.m.,  light- 
ness and  pressure  in  chest,  later  weight  of  head  -,  burning,  then  5  m.  after  shooting  in 
r.  big  toe  ;  pain  in  r.  leg  above  knee,  making  walking  difficult  j  prickling  in  I. 
shoulder. joint  to  over  deltoid  muM:le,  almost  going  ofiT  by  pressure ;  oppression  of  I, 
lower  half  of  thorax,  soon  followed  by  pressure  deep  in  it-  shooting  m  r,  spermatic 
cord  when  walking.  At  10  p.m.,  bubbling  in  I.  ear  when  scratching  occiput. — loth, 
II  gr.  of  the  resin  rubbed  up  into  wafers;  later  of  falling  asleep,  restless  sleep  full 
of  remembered  dreams  which  are  not  disagreeable  j  stool  occurred  in  the  e,,  very 
unusual.  All  day  discomfort  and  dull  spirits. —  list.  Sleep  full  of  dreams^  dis- 
turbed. Constant  shooting  and  pressure  in  K  leg,  at  1.  side  of  knee,  on  head  of  tibia. 
At  6. 30  a.m.,  toot  13  gr.  m  wafers,  the  same  at  7.30  and  9  a.m.  Pressure  in  upper 
part  of  eyeball.  Pain  in  middle  of  L  foot.  At  id  gurgling  in  abdomen  with  con- 
fusion  in  sinciput;  drawing  in  1.  spermatic  cord,  frequently  occurring;  discomfort; 
pressing  above  r.  ankle;  the  pain  below  knee  returns  when  walking;  cannot  read 
without  straining  eyes.  After  dinner,  at  1.30  p-m.,  faecal  pappy  stool,  after  an 
insufficient  stool  in  m.  At  4  p.m.,  lo  gr.  The  urine  contains  much  Hthates  ;  weight 
and  pressure  at  end  of  dorsal  vcrtcbnc;  shooting  in  1.  side  of  joint  of  L  little  toe 
where  the  skin  is  rather  thickened;  undecided  pain  in  1.  knee.^ — 2»nd.  M.,  pappy 
stool;  itching  on  hairy  scalp,  more  in  middle  and  below,  so  that  he  must  scratchi 
At  3  p.m.,  13  ^r.  At  5  p.m.,  prickling  under  r.  metatarsus;  soon  afterwards  lioft 
stool  mixed  with  much  fiatus,  preceded  bv  gurgling  in  abdomen;  rheumatic  pain  over 
L  instep ;  frequent  sneezing,  immediately  followed  by  increased  mucous  secretion 
from  nose;  rheumatic  pain  in  L  side  of  pelvis;  recurrence  of  prickling  in  r.  metas- 
tarsui.  At  9  p.m.,  while  seated,  feeling  as  if  1.  knee  were  swollen,  with  increased 
warmth  in  it  and  prickling  in  hough  ;  weariness  on  the  slightest  exertion  ;  itching  on 
r.  side  of  pudenaum.^iind,  at  7  a-m.,  30  gr.  Constant  drawing  in  r,  spermatic 
cord  ;  tensive  pressure  in  pubic  region  ;  slight  griping  in  belly.  After  9  a.m.,  very 
unsatisfactory  soft  stool ;  tearing  in  right  tibia;  weariness  of  r.  foot,  the  point  of 
which  he  strikes  against  steps  when  going  upstairs  ;  tearing  in  1.  side  of  head  ;  gouty 
pain  in  1.  big  toe  so  that  he  cannot  tread  on  it,  repeated  several  rimes;  drawing  and 
tearing  in  r.  wrist -j  oi  ot ;  itching  in  hairy  scalp  of  I,  occiput  where  the  hair  termi- 
nates ;  some  pimples  there ;  the  itching  recurs  in  e. ;  prickling  and  tearing  tn  1. 
metatarsus.  Sleeps  interruptedly  till  3  a.m.,  thereafter  no  more  sleep ;  towards  m. 
shooting  in  1.  side  of  r.  knee. — a5th.  zi  gr.  For  the  last  2  d.  after  urinating  some 
drops  of  urine  escape;  tearing  deep  in  r.  external  meatus  auditorius  ;  sensation  as  if 
something  were  nriking  deep  down  in  throat,  making  him  swallow;  pressure  in  r. 
sinciput  at  10  a.m.  Itching  in  occiput  where  the  hair  terminates,  where  some  pimples 
have  formed  ;  prickling  at  limit  of  hair  on  head,  itching  when  scratched^  repeated 
nextd.;  prickling  in  upper  half  of  eyeball;  shooting  and  tearing  in  1.  shoulder* 
joint;  shooting  Irom  region  of  r,  submaxillary  gland  up  into  the  mouth  j  rheumatic 
pain  in  whole  r.  arm  at  12,  n, ;  tension  in  r.  knee*joint  when  walking;  burning  in 
orifice  of  urethra,  gradually  lessening  up  the  urethra ;  sleep  restless  ;  dreams  trouble- 
tome. — 16th.  Violent  shooting  in  r»  shouldcr-joint ;  tearing  on  1.  metatarsus ;  stabs 
as  with  a  knife  in  middle  of  scalp  in  quick  succession;  flight  toughness  of  throat; 


238 


AMMONIACUM. 


shooting  at  root  of  penis*  Repugnance  and  discomfort  whether  he  walks  or  bits* 
Flat  ta^tc;  stool  delayed  till  c,  j  dimness  of  ilght  in  e.  and  especially  in  m.  after 
rising,  with  increased  warmth  of  eyes.  For  several  d.  towards  c.  the  respiration 
shorter  and  more  superficial,  with  anxious  discomfort.  Shooting  in  various  partn. 
Tht  eyes  feel  dry,  with  feeling  of  a  foreign  body  between  upper  eyelid  and  r.  eye. 
—19th.  He  experimented  with  the  fluid  distilled  from  gum  ammoniac.  Besides  the 
above  symptom&i  the  itching  on  the  hairy  scalp  was  greater  than  bctbre  §  some  ve^cles 
appeared  on  the  1.  side  of  occiput  where  the  nair  terminates,  they  made  him  scratch 
and  disappeared  in  the  e.  i  the  same  thing  occurred  in  r.  whi!»ker  where  a  single  vesicle 
appeared.  E,,  shooting  in  r.  axillary  gbnd.  The  following  d.  before  9  a.m.,  when 
wad  king  there  was  violent  shooting  above  r.  hip-joint,  %o  that  he  must  almost  limp. 
This  pain,  which  was  violent  when  sitting  in  stooping  position,  diminished  during 
the  d.  and  was  nearly  gone  next  w,     (Buchner,  Hygea^  xiii,  aia.) 

».  A  woman,  set.  41,  took  50  to  40  drops  of  the  watery  solution,  and  had  pressure 
on  chest,  nausea  with  paleness  of  face,     {Ibid,) 

3.  St — ,  act.  a 6,  of  choleric  temperament,  had  enjoyed  good  health  from  a  child. 
tnd  July.  First,  4  p.m,,  took  1 1  gr.  After  3  h.  had  flying  stitches  in  I.  lumbar  region, 
increased  by  inspiration.  Next  m.  flat  ta«te,  rather  sweetish  \  tongue  with  thin  yellow 
fiir;  some  tightness  of  chest,  with  stitches  in  L  side  of  chest  when  impiKng.^ — ;rd. 
Afternoon,  same  dose.  E.,  twitching  pains  in  1.  thigh  in  course  of  crural  nerve ; 
tightness  of  chest  sometimes.  Next  d,  on  waking,  nose,  mouthy  and  throat  tinesoraely 
dry;  tearing  in  both  ankle-joints,  increased  secretion  of  urine,  perspiration;  scanty 
stool. — sth.  No  additional  symptoms. — 6th,  18  gr.  Repeated  tearing  in  wrist  and 
ankle-joints ;  next  m.  dryness  of  mouth  more  marked^  as  also  pressure  on  chest. 
After  10  d.  he  still  had  the  dryness  of  mouth  on  waking  in  m.,  also  occasional  tickling 
in  trachea  which  did  not  cause  cough;  after  11  d.  the  dryness  of  mouth  was  gonr» 
but  the  occasional  tickling  in  trachea  continued  j  the  bowels  still  constipated  for  a  tyt 

3  d. ;  the  evacuations  of  firm  consistence.     (IbiJ.) 

4.  A  man,  ^t.  33,  subject  to  constipation,  and  in  spring  and  autumn  to  sore- 
throat  and  catarrh,  and  having  had  in  the  past  winter  rheumatic  gastric  fever 
followed  by  pneumorrhagia.  Quite  well  for  the  last  9  months. — 15th  Jan.,  7  a.m., 
I  gr.  of  gum  ammoniac.  Hot  feeling  and  slight  burning  in  scrob.  cordis  on  a  place 
the  size  of  a  child's  hand,  dry  roughness  of  tip  of  tongue  and  hard  palate.  Eructa. 
tion  of  air  smelling  of  the  resin.  All  these  s^nnptoms  gone  in  t  h. —  f6th,  a  gr. 
Obtuse  shooting,  twitching  pain  in  caecal  region,  going  off  in  a  few  m.,  but  return- 
ing when  changmg  posture,  and  especially  on  turning  over  on  r.  side.  Dry  rough* 
ness  on  posterior  part  of  hard  palate,  slight  pressure  In  scrobiculus.  Eructation  of  air ; 
transient  return  of  caecal  pain.  Discharge  of  much  flatus  at  n. — 17th.,  4  gr.  Bitter 
rancid  taste  ;  pressure  and  weight  in  pubic  region  ;  transient  obtuse  shooting  pain  in 
csecum,  but  less  than  yesterday.  Half  an  hour  after  dinner  slight  transient  cutting 
below  navel. — i8th.,  6  a.m.,  5  gr.  Taste  like  yesterday;  pressure  in  scrob, 
cordis ;  weight  and  pressure  in  pubic  region ;  twitching  drawing  in  L  groin.  The 
pressure  in  scrob.  and  the  feelmg  of  weight  and  pressure  in  pubic  region  come 
alternately.  Eructation  of  air.  Transient  shooting  pain  under  r  short  ribs  at  9  a.m. 
Chilliness  running  from  feet  up  over  back  (10.30  a.m.,  draught  of  air?)j  slight 
recurrence  of  csecal  pain.— 19th.,  6  gr.  Obtuse  shooting,  transient  pains  between 
1.  crista  ilii  and  navel  (immediately)  ^  later  on  similar  pain  in  carcal  region.  Some 
flying  stitches  through  fossa  navicularis.  Obtuse  shooting  twitching  pain  in  two  L 
healthy  lower  incisors  (7  a.m.).  Pressure  in  scrob.,  but  less  than  yesterday. 
Throbbing  and  uneasiness  in  w*hole  body,  preventing  sleep  for  a  long  time  after 
going  to  bed,  though  he  had  drunk  less  beer  than  usual. — aoth.  No  med.  On 
awaking,  m.,  purulent  secretion  in  both  inner  canthi  of  eye,  especially  copious  in  r. 
Continued  obtuse  shooting  pain  in  r.  lower  lid,  very  much  aggravated  by  moving 
lids,  touching,  and  stooping ;  no  perceptible  change  in  the  appearance  of  eyes.  Rest* 
lessness  and  throbbing  after  going  to  bed,  hindering  sleep  tor  a  long  time,^ — 11st,, 

4  a.m,,  7  gr.  Feeling  of  warmth  and  pressure  in  scrob.  j  fell  asleep  again  and 
dreamt  much.  After  waking  obtuse  shooting  transient  pains  under  short  rib»j 
similar  pains  in  caecal  region.  Eyes  tense,  obtuse  shooting  in  them  on  stooping; 
slight  swelling  under  tarsus  like  a  swollen  gland,  but  nothing  can  be  detected  by 
finger.  Flying  shooting  pains  in  1.  temporal  region  (i  p.m.)  ;  constipation. — tand^, 
4   a.m.,  10  gr.     Pressure    in  scrob,,  and   later  in  umbilical  region.     Single  flying 


AMMONIACUM. 


239 


vtftches  in  csecal  region  ^7.^0  a.mA  Pain  in  eyes  less;  drawing,  shooling,  dight 
pains  in  1.  spermacic  cora(ti  a.m.).  Two  copious  stools.  After  lying  down  at 
night  great  trembling  (heart's  beats  stronger  but  not  quicker)  in  chest  and  carotids, 
making  it  difficult  to  get  to  sleep, — a  3rd.  No  med*  S  a,m*,  some  small  transient 
stitches  under  r,  short  ribs ;  repeated  noon  and  e.  On  l.  lower  lid  some  sensation  as 
yesterday;  tensive,  pressive,  dull-shooting,  transient  pains  in  extensor  muscles  of  r. 
forearm  and  in  elbow-joint.  Transient  stitches  in  r.  ear  (^la  noon).  On  lying  down 
at  n.,  throbbing  in  heart  and  carotids ;  unusual  fatigue  o^  eyes  after  reading. — Mth^ 
1  a.m.,  1  a  gr.  Small  flying  stitches  under  r.  ribs  in  caecal  region,  and  after  rising, 
also  in  r*  ear.  Pains  in  lower  eyelids  quite  gone  j  only  a  small  hard  gland  to  be  felt 
in  r.  lower  lid, — ifth,  a6th,  and  27th.  No  med.  The  cxcal  pain  occurred  for  one 
or  two  m,  in  the  m.  of  the  27th,  No  other  symptoms. — 18th,  9  p.m.,  18  gr. 
Pressure  in  stomach  (immcdiatelv).  In  a  few  m.  the  former  cwcal  pain.  At  night 
many  confused  dreams,  restless  sleep.  Strong  tiresome  palpitation  of  hearty  extend- 
ing to  below  scrob.,  After  going  to  bed  at  night,  aggravated  by  lying  on  back  and 
1,  side,  less  when  lying  on  r,  side,  preventing  sleep  for  a  long  time, — 29th.  No  med. 
Dull  drawing  pain  in  r.  trochanter  (at  4  a.m.  for  i  b,).  Dull  stitches  in  r.  knee- 
joint  and  1.  elbow-joint  (1  p*m.)  Constipation,  E.,  palpitation,  restless  sleep, — 
loth  to  9th  Feb.  No  med. — ist  Feb.  From  3,30  to  5,30  p.m.»  obtuse  shooting 
pain  in  r,  trochanter  major,  fatigue  of  leg.  Stool  became  regular. — 9th.  9  p.m., 
17  gr.  In  i  h,  flying  short  stitches  under  L  short  ribs,  similar  pain  between  anterior 
Superior  spinous  process  of  I*  os  ilii  and  navel.  Many  dreams  at  night,  which  did  not 
disturb  his  sleep.  M,,  discharge  of  much  rancid-smelling  flatus  j  short  rheumatic 
pains  in  1.  upper  eye  tooth.  Chilliness  4  h.  after  dinner  (1  p.m.)  from  up  over  back. 
Hard  sluggish  stool.  Cross  humour.  E.,  fatig\ie  in  both  hip-joints  (several  h.). 
Obtuse  painful  drawing  in  testicles  (several  m,). —  nth.  No  med.  The  peculiar 
dull  shooting  pain  in  L  hypochondrium.  Short  rheumatic  pain  in  r,  metacarpus, 
elbow,  and  shoulder. — lath.  M.,  the  peculiar  obtuse  shooting  caecal  pain  alternating 
with  the  pain  on  I.  side. — From  13th  to  16th.  No  med.  Difficult  stool  j  even  when 
there  was  call  to  stool  the  rectum  was  so  torpid  that  the  evacuation  could  only  be 
performed  with  an  effort. — 17th.  No  med.  Regular  stool.  For  3  d.  in  m.  cough- 
mg  up  of  thickiih  phlegm  from  larynx. — i8th,  .9  p.m.,  30  gr.  Pressure  and 
tension  in  scrob.  Slight  twitching  shooting  in  1.  short  ribs  up  towards  chest.  Pres^ 
sure  and  tension  (like  graspingj  about  navel  (in  i  h.),  lasting  but  a  few  m.  Pres- 
sure  and  tension  under  1.  side  of  navel,  out  of  which  the  peculiar  obtuse  shooting  pain 
developed,  only  more  superficially.  Many  confused  dreams. —  19th,  No  med.  Soft 
stool  after  eating  fruit,  but  no  great  urging  to  stool — 20th.  Stool  soft^  without 
^^ffing.  Tired  feeling  in  r.  trochanter  major.  Obtuse  shooting  pain  on  dorsum  of 
I.  foot  externally.  Disagreeable  drawing  in  r.  spermatic  cord. — ^2i8t.  Dull  drawing 
shooting  in  r.  deltoid  muscle  (9  a.m.) ;  nonhal  stool. — aind  and  23rd.  Soft  stools  of 
dark  brown  faeces.  Single  transient  rheumatic  pains  on  r.  ann,  sometimes  in  one 
place,  sometimes  in  another,^ — 24ih.  Normal  stool  j  rheumatic  pain  in  r*  shoulder- 
joint  ;  single  flying  stitches  in  r.  ear. — 20th  March.  After  the  proving  his  habitual 
constipation  disappeared,  his  stools  even  when  not  occurring  regularly  every  day  arc 
always  soft,  often  pappy.  His  urine  when  examined  after  the  largest  dose  contained 
much  uric  acid  and  bladder  mucus.     (Buchner,  Hygea,  xxii.) 

5.  B — ,  aet,  26,  of  sanguine  temperament,  always  healthy. —  nth  May,  2  gr. 
Afternoon,  some  confusion  of  head^  drowsiness,  slight  pressure  in  pubic  region  j 
nothing  more. — 12th.  M.,  4  gr.  Immediately  bitter  taste  j  after  some  h,  consider- 
able pain  in  abdomen ;  increased  confusion  of  head  and  drowsiness  with  prostration  ot 
limbs  and  pain  for  J  h.  in  the  course  of  the  crural  nerve. — 21st,  6  gr.  In  a  few  h, 
pressive  pain  over  eyes  in  forehead,  most  severe  in  temporal  region,  lasting  almost  all 
d.  in  equal  intensity,  only  a  little  better  after  dinner.  Roughness  and  drjrness  in 
throat.  Colic  pain  in  abdomen  for  a  short  time  in  afternoon.  Stool  scanty,  increase 
of  urine,  at  same  time  the  pain  in  pubic  region,  which  was  slight  after  the  first  dose, 
increased  considerably.  Shooting  in  shoulder  and  axilla  down  to  elbow  tor  10 — 15 
m.  The  pain  in  the  course  ot  the  crural  nene  extended  to  ingiiinal  ring  and 
spermatic  cord.  Pulse  considerably  quickened ;  tendency  to  perspiration.  Sleep 
quietf  but  woke  several  times. — 22nd.  9  gr.  Confusion,  pressure  and  weight  in 
head  with  drowsiness,  taking  away  all  desire  for  work.  Tiresome  shooting  through 
head.     These  pains  lasted  all  d.  with  slight  intermission.     During  the  drowsiness  the 


240 


AMMONIACUM. 


cyc»  were  dull  and  su,  if  dust  moved  to  and  fro  before  them,  with  pressure  on  orbital 
region.  Humming  in  czr%  lasting  a  few  m.  Bitter  ta^tc  and  yellow  coated  tonL-^ue. 
Afternoon  a  J»appy  Rtool  prccedttl  by  gurgling  in  boweh*  Severe  shooting  ' 
matic  cord  and  L  pubic  region.  Respiration  ouickencd,  pulxe  hanl.  Rhti 
paini  in  1,  «boulder^  knee,  and  r.  ankle.  Spirits  low  all  d.  Sleep  frct^uently  brukcit. 
— I'^td*  No  med.  The  above  pain*  in  slighter  degree;  but  the  confusion  of 
head  and  drowsiness  remained  the  same. — 14th.  No  med*  Traces  of  the  former 
pains,  and  dnowsineis, — '^S^^t  '*  g*"*  Soon  eructation  with  strong  revinous,  bitter 
taste;  otherwise  no  symptoms  all  forenoon^  After  i  p.m.^  gurgling  in  boweU  for 
4  h.  followed  by  several  pappy  stools.  Later,  when  reading,  an  attack  of  vertigo, 
changing  into  headache  that  lasted  till  n.  Lips  dry  with  burning  sensation.  Pr«&« 
sure  in  stomach  after  supper ;  pulse  quickened.  Before  eoing  to  bed  teartng 
tran^iient  pains  in  r.  ihoulder-joint,  knee,  and  instep.,  also  in  L  ankle  bones,  but  lexs 
in  degree.  Great  weariness  and  bruised  feeling  of  limbs.  Though  sleepy  all  day  he 
was  long  of  falling  asleep,  then  sleeplessness ;  every  time  he  went  to  sleep  he  i»ms 
woke  up  by  frightful  dreams,  and  he  was  long  of  falling  asleep  again, — i6fh, 
4  a.m.,  I  5  gr.  Soon  severe  eructation,  scraping  feeling  in  ctsophagus,  and  discharge 
of  rancid-smelling  flatus  ;  cross  humour,  pro^tnition,  and  weariness;  pressive  fronta.! 
pain  with  confusion  of  whole  head  and  such  drowsiness  he  could  not  do  any  work. 
A  cloud  of  dust  always  moving  before  eyes.  Later,  flying  stitches  under  ribs  and 
navel,  most  on  I.  side.  E.,  drawing  pain  in  right  trochanter  and  left  knee  and 
spermatic  cord.  Great  weariness  and  prostration,  hindering  sleep  for  a  long  time ; 
restless  sleep. — 17th.  No  med.  Soft  stool  j  wearinesis  in  r.  thigh,  painful  orawing 
in  1.  foot  and  spermatic  cord.  Single  stitches  in  r.  ear  and  great  drowsiness. — aSth. 
Some  traces  of  above  symptoms.     {IStJ.) 

6.  G.  Jahnel  {Diss.  j£ gummi  ammoft..  Lips.,  1837,  p.  31).  After  i — 16  gr.  of 
powdered  ammon.  bitter,  disagreeable  taste  in  fauces  j  after  swallowing  sensaiign  in 
throat  as  in  dry  cough ;  later  slight  pains  In  abdomen  and  borborygmus,  1 6»a4 
gr.  caused  acrid  and  burning  feefing  in  fauces  and  cesophagus ;  afterwards  coldness 
and  wandering  pains  in  abdomen,  followed  by  copious  ^hmy  stool,  at  same  time  flow 
of  mucus  from  nose,  with  frequent  sneezing  and  mucous  eicpectoration.  (He  was 
suffering  from  cold  in  the  head.)  After  16  gr.^  in  a  few  h.  prcssive  pains  all  over  the 
forehead  and  eyes,  lasting  all  d.,  and  preventing  all  intellectual  work.  Puke  quick 
and  hard.  The  nejct  days  the  stools  were  sometimes  liquid  j  cxpectorarion  sUmy  or 
more  frequent  than  normal.  The  above  pains  lasted  some  d.  After  30  gr.  tbc 
former  symptoms  came  on  with  great  severity,  the  severe  headache  lasted  through 
the  night  and  prevented  sleep.  Such  loud  nois»e  in  ears  th.it  the  hearing  was  w^eaufc- 
encd ;  such  dimness  of  vision  that  things  which  could  previously  be  distinctly  seen 
from  his  room  appeared  enveloped  in  a  cloud.     (Quoted  by  BucKNEK,  1.  c.) 

7.  Mrs.  N — ,  affected  with  neglected  white-swelling  of  1.  knee,  had  a  plaster  of 
gum  ammoniac  applied  to  it.  The  and  d.  she  had  itching  on  the  place  where  the 
plaster  v^as ;  on  trie  3rd  d.  she  could  not  resist  scratching,  and  on  the  4th  d,  at 
II  a.m.  the  plaster  was  removed.  The  skin  was  covered  wiih  vesicles  filled  with 
yellow  fluid.  In  the  afternoon  she  had  severe  fever,  followed  on  the  5th  d.  by  an 
emptioD  all  over   the  body  of  smaller  vesicle?,   with  slight  swelling  of  tbc  jiMre, 

8. — «.  A  man,  act.  60,  with  a  cough  that  lasted  8 — 14  d.  without  fever  or  other 
important  symptoms,  got  for  some  d.  a  drachms  of  gum  ammoniac.  He  complained 
of  an  hitherto  unknown  dimness  or  darkness  of  vision  nearly  to  blindness.  The 
cough  was  not  so  violent  that  this  could  be  attributed  to  flow  of  blood  to  the  head, 
and  nothing  was  observable  in  the  eyes.  On  leaving  off  the  medicine  this  symptom 
disappeared  next  d. 

&,  A  young  lady,  aet.  25,  got  the  same  dose  of  gum  ammoniac  for  an  affection 
that  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  eyes.  She  had  precisely  the  same  symptoms, 
almost  complete  blindness  in  the  e.  She  had  never  experienced  anything  similar. 
On  leaving  off  the  medicine  this  symptom  was  gone  next  day. 

r.  This  case  got  gxim  ammoniac  in  pills.  He  complained  of  dimness  of  vision 
for  several  successive  e.,  and  also  of  stars  and  fier)'  points  before  eyes. 

J.  Dt.  Lodemann  related  1  cases  where  the  same  symptoms  followed  the  use  of 
ammoniac.     (^Wichmann,  Hu/eidfufj  Journ.t  x,  3,  6a.) 

9.  There  is  a  singular  effect,  by  no  one  to  my  knowledge  hitherto  indicated,  of 


AMMONIA. 


141 


the  much  belauded  gums,  ammonianjm  and  galbanum*  when  taken  rather  too  largely 
in  the  d.  The  sight  h  affected  in  a  remarkable  manner.  Toward*  e*,  it  *ccm*  to 
many  cither  a^  if  molten  and  glowing  brass  were  poured  out  before  the  cyei  j  or,  li  a 
lamp  or  fire  be  present^  this  is  marvellously  encircled  with  shining  coloura.  With 
other)  a  dense  cloudy  as  if  of  dust  scattered  through  the  air,  dim*  the  virion*  But 
after  a  few  h.  these  phenomena  disappear  entirely  of  their  own  accord.  {Burggra^ti 
Comm,diaire^  aquii  a  tms  urbis  Francofkrti^  1751,  p*  1 10,  quoted  by  Wichmann.) 


AMMONIA. 


ammonlacal  gas,  NH^^  and  its  solution  in  water  (Liaoor ammonia?.  Ammo* 
causticum);  also  the  ammonio  sc^qulcarbonate,2  [(NHJ^CO^jCOj,  Am* 


Incltidsng 
niuin 
monlum  carbonicum.* 

L  Pr&vings.^-'i,  Hahnemann^  Chronic  Diaaies^  Part  II  of 
original,  VoL  of  translation.     Contains  789  symptoms  from  self 

and  six  fellow-observers,  obtained  from  amm.  carb* 

2.  WiBMER,  Oct.  20th,  1830,  pulse  76,  took  gr.  ij  of  amm, 
carb.  V  in  20  m.  repeated  dosC|  and  in  20  m.  more  took  gr,  3  %  10  m, 
later  repeated  this  dose,  found  pulse — hitherto  unchanged— only  70, 
but  ate  dinner  with  good  appetite.  Next  d,,  in  m.,  puUe  68,  took  3 
gr.  After  15  m,,  noticed  throbbing  headache  \n  L  frontal  region. 
Tasting  a  m.,  pulse  72.  In  20  m.  tooK  6  gr.  After  30  m.  head  heavy 
and  full,  remaining  so  for  30  m.  \  in  20  m.  pulse  74,  At  10  break* 
fasted  with  appetite ;  at  noon  a  second  stool.  At  i,  pulse  76,  took  6 
gr.,  and  repeated  dose  in  15  m.  In  afternoon  transient  shght  headache. 
On  3rd  d.,  pulse  71,  took  6  gr.  After  5  m.  noticed  slight  dulness  and 
heaviness  in  forehead,  lasting  10  m.  ^  and  afterwards,  ^o^  5  m.,  slight 
throbbing  in  frontal  region.  In  20  m.  took  6  gr.  more  ;  10  m.  after 
head  somewhat  heavy.  In  20  m,  more  took  again  6  gr.  j  in  10  m. 
noticed  feeling  of  distension  of  brain,  especially  on  r.  side,  and  scraping 
in  throat  provoking  a  dry  cough.  Finally,  about  ii  a.m.,  took  12  gr., 
followed  by  increased  inclination  to  cough  and  increased  secretion  of 
mucus  in  trachea.  Ate  dinner  with  great  appetite,  and  through  day 
felt  quite  well,     (Buchner's  Repertorium^  vol.  xxxvit,  part  3.) 

b.  On  6th  May,  pulse  70,  bowels  not  having  been  opened,  took  at 
10.30  a.m.  2  drops  of  sp.  salis  amm.  caust,  in  Jj  of  water.  In  $  nit 
slight  confusion  of  head,  rumbling  in  bowels,  call  to  stool,  after  occur- 
rence of  which  confusion  went  away.  At  12.30  took  3  drops  in  same 
way,  without  any  but  local  effect.  On  7th,  at  1 1  a.m.,  took  4  drops. 
After  \  h.,  pressive  feeling  in  occiput  for  10  m.  At  12.15  5  drops^ 
without  effect.  At  4  10  drops  in  Jijss  water.  Besides  local  burning, 
felt  in  7  m.  pressure  in  frontal  region,  as  though  head  would  burst 
asunder,  but  without  pain,  lasting  several  m.,  then  slight  confusion  of 
head  with  pressure  in  temples,  gone  in  10  m.  Pulse  was  quickened 
4 — 5  beats  and  rather  harder  ;  heart's  action  not  increased.  On  8th, 
pulse  75,  after  stool  at  10.30  a.m.  cook  during  5  m.  15  drops  in  3 v  water. 
After  20  m,,  feeling  in  head   as  if  from   middle  of  brain  there  was 

•  **  All  the  ammonium  compound*  introduced  from  withoutj  and  ammonia  itself, 
have  a  iimtlar  action,  varying  only  in  intensity''  (Notunag£L  and  Rossbach, 
Mat,  Med.t  sub  voce). 

16 


24^ 


AMMONIA. 


I 


pressure  towards  both  sides,  but  without  pain  or  confusion  of  conscious* 
ncss.  This  feeling  lasted  only  a  kw  m.  At  4,30  took  20  drops  in 
3vj  of  water  without  any  effect ;  and  next  d.  25  drops  with  only  slight 
pressure  in  forehead.     [Ihid,) 

c.  Wibmer  also  experimented  with  ammonium  aceticum^  benxoicum^ 
succinicum  and  nitricum,  but  the  results  were  almost  entirely  negative, 
{IbidJ)     (For  his  provinE;  of  amm,  muriaticum,  see  next  article.) 

2. — a.  Blaufuss,  Jan.  13th,  at  7  a.m.,  took  gr.  viij  of  amm.  carb. 
At  0  liquid  stool.  In  forenoon,  vertigo  and  indistmct  vision  ;  headache 
in  vertex;  rumbling  in  stomach;  aching  in  gastric  region,  extending 
in  a  sort  of  vibrating  motion  towards  L  nipple  ^  great  palpitation,  pulse 
about  half  as  strong  again  as  usual  \  pain,  especially  in  1.  side  of  chest, 
as  after  sitting  long  in  bent  position  \  inclination  to  vomit ;  rigor  in 
walking  across  street.  In  afternoon,  great  drowsiness,  and  lassitude  in 
limbs  as  after  a  fever  5  otherwise  as  in  forenoon.  On  14th  same 
symptoms,  only  in  slighter  degree. 

b.  On  isth,  at  8,30  a*m.,  took  %o  gr.  There  followed  rigor, 
alternating  with  heat,  especially  flying  heat  in  face  ;  inclination  to 
vomit ;  drowsiness  ;  bruised  feeling  in  limbs  ;  an  unusual  sadness  ;  no 
inclination  to  go  out  ;  headache  as  before^  with  sensation  as  after 
having  been  drunk.  On  16th,  symptoms  the  same.  On  17th,  slighter, 
but  also  great  desire  to  pass  water.  On  i8th,  pain  in  chest,  drowsi* 
ness,  copious  urination.  On  19th,  as  on  i8th  j  and  on  20th,  shooting 
beside  1,  nipple  on  breathing,  especially  troublesome  when  seated. 
(Martin's  provings,  Horn.  Vierteljahrschrifi^  x,  1.) 

4, — a,  tRiES  took,  Jan.  9th,  gr.  j  ;  loth,  gr.  ij  j  1  ith,gr.  v.  On 
loth,  nth,  and  12th  very  tired  in  m.  On  nth  headache  and  vertigo 
I  h.  after  taking  powder.  On  12th,  aching  swelling  of  1.  inguinal 
glands,  which  went  off  towards  noon,  and  was  replaced  by  headache 
and  feeling  of  illness,  which  lasted  till  e.  and  recurred  slightly  next  d. 

b.  On  18th  took  gr.  x.  In  m,  felt  ill;  in  e.,  and  on  m.  of  19th, 
great  lassitude  ;   also,  on  following  days,  heaviness  of  limbs.     {IbidJ) 

5. — a.  GuKTHER,  on  Jan.  8th  at  6  a.m.,  cookgr.  j.     About  8,  vcryJ 
great  twitching  in  external  canthus  of  r,  eye,  like  *-  live  blood,'*  visibtel 
m  mirror :  eye  was  for  2  h.  as  if  covered  by  a  veil.     On  9th^at  6a,m«« 
gr.    ij.     Great   perspiration,    especially  in   following  n,  i    sleep    very 
unquiet ;  great  flow  of  urine.     On   10th,  at  7  a.m.,  gr,  v.     Severe 
headache,  flickering   before  eyes  j  very  profuse  perspiration,  of  fcettd 
odour,  continuing   till   noon  j   repeated  call  to  pass  water,  urine  veryi 
muddy,  ot  peculiar  smell,  and  with  copious  sediment.     On  12th  ajidl 
13th,  slight  perspiration,  not  so  fcetid  ;  urine  pretty  clear  ;  itching  in 
all  limbs.     On    15th   took  gr.  x  without  effect^   but  on   i8th  there 
appeared  on  r.  thigh  a  boil  the  size  of  a  child's  fist,  very  painful^  and 
not  relieved  by  poulticing.     On  20th  it  was  cut  open,  and  much  pus 
and  blood  discharged.     On   21st  a  pimple  on  1.  cheek  near  ear,  not 
painful  unless  pressed  upon  -,  itching  on  back,  arms,  and  shins ;  rigor, 
followed  by  stuffy  cold,  with  confusion  in  head,  lasting  a  week.      [Ibid,) 

6.  HiLPERT,  Jan,  8th,  took  in  m.  gr.  j.  It  caused  feeling  of  cool- 
ness on  tongue ;  in  4  h.  aching  in  stomach  and  feeling  of  warmth  in 
scrobiculus  cordis.     In  e.  slight  headache.     On  9th,  took  gr.  iij.     At 


II 


AMMONIA, 


243 


9  o'clock  feeling  of  warmth  all  over  body.  On  ioth,  took  gr.  x 
without  effect.  On  i6th,  gr.  x.  Soon  after  taking  it,  dryness  in 
throat  ;  in  afternoon,  violent  headache.  On  19th,  took  gr*  x  without 
effect.     (Uid:) 

7.  HoRK,  Jan.  15th,  at  6  a.m.,  took  gr.  x.  Abdomen  becantt 
painfully  distended  ;  had  profuse  perspiration,  remained  in  bed  till  it 
went  off  i  burning  pains  in  sinciput.  Felt  very  sick  all  d.,  and  got  no 
relief  by  discharge  of  flatus  or  by  eructations.  Pulse  76.  On  i6th,  in 
afternoon,  after  drinking  two  cups  of  weak  coffee,  had  congestion  to 
head  ;  towards  e.  rush  of  blood  greater  ;  pulse  1 1 2  ;  had  vertigo  and 
cold  sweat,  such  as  usually  accompanies  a  fainting  fit  ;  no  appetite  ; 
inability  to  stand  up  well.  Took  gr  iij  of  naphtha  aceti,  which  caused 
eructations  with  relief.  Very  hypochondriacal,  and  had  bitter  taste  at 
root  of  tongue.  During  n.  many  confused  dreams  about  things  that 
had  happened  many  years  ago.  On  17th,  fever  was  gone,  but  H — 
was  very  ill-humoured  and  miserable  ;  after  taking  a  glass  of  punch 
felt  better.  Abdomen,  though  still  somewhat  distended,  was  less  so, 
On  i8th  and  following  days  the  ill-humour  went  off.  He  was  very 
hungry,  but  had  little  appetite  ;  and  the  feeling  of  nausea,  which  was 
combined  with  flatulent  disturbance,  had  not  left  him.*     {Ibid.) 

8.  Krumbholz,  Nov.  8th.  In  e.  two  doses  of  gr,  v  each*  Quiet 
sleep*  9th. — Seven  powders  (4  of  5  gr.,  3  of  10  gr.)  at  2  h.  intervals^ 
at  7,  9,  II  a.m*,  2  and  4  p.m.  No  particular  effect  noticed,  save 
somewhat  copious  urination,  loth, — Four  powders  of  gr.  x,  3  a.m., 
1  p.m*  Still  no  prticular  action  j  all  d*  lively,  excited  j  sleep  some- 
what disturbed.  nth. — Same  disposition.  In  afternoon  occurred 
what  had  been  already  felt  on  previous  d.,  scraping  sore  sensation  in 
mouth,  especially  severe  in  inside  of  upper  gums  ;  one  spot  softened* 
In  e.  much  flatus,  I2th. — ^Same  sensation  in  mouth,  only  slighter. 
Itching  on  outer  surface  of  both  thighs,  on  corresponding  spot,  began 
in  n-  and  only  went  off  p.m.  In  e,,  again  flatus.  13th. ^ — Sensation  in 
mouth  almost  gone,  and  other  symptoms  do  not  recur.     {Ibid,) 

9.  Kreutzman,  Jan.  gth.  On  taking  gr,  ij  coldness  of  tongue. 
1 2th. — ^After  gr.  iij  same  sensation,  only  stronger.  Feeling  of  tight- 
ness in  head,  pulse  somewhat  quickened.  13th. — ^After  gr.  v  same 
feeling  still  stronger,  salt  taste  :  all  gone  m  i  h.  In  e.  took  gr.  x* 
On  taking  it  nausea  ;  coldness  followed  by  warm  feeling  on  tongue. 
In  i  h,  lightness  of  head,  feeling  of  coldness  in  course  of  longitudinal 
sinus.  In  a  short  time  lassitude,  much  flatus.  The  following  n.  quiet 
sleep.  Everything  now  normal,  only  much  thirst  for  beer,  which 
lasted  a  week.     {Ibid,) 

10, — a.  Martin,  Jan,  12th.  In  m.,  fasting,  took  gr.  v.  In  \  h, 
(after  local  effects)  headache,  nausea,  general  shivering.  In  another 
\  h.  warmth,  especially  in  head  and  face,  burning  in  lobe  ofl,  ear  and 
around  nostrils.  At  n.  dreams,  and  uncommonly  profuse  sweat.  In  e, 
on  L  natis  a  painful   boil,  great  lassitude,  sensitiveness  to  open  ain 

•  This  attack  of  the  16th  cannot  positively  be  ascribed  to  the  drug}  but  as  the 
T)au!ie;i  and  abdominal  distension  of  the  first  day  persisted^  the  p rover  must  be  con- 
sidered as  itill  under  \X^  influence,  and  his  subsequent  symptoms  must  be  provision* 
ally  rttained.^ — Eds. 


n4 


AMMONrA. 


13th. — In  m.,  fasting,  gr.  j.  In  J  h*  confusion  of  head  j  pain  in 
abdomen  as  if  diarrhoea  was  coming  on  ;  this  going  offi  was  replaced  by 

considerable  ill-humour  and  dissatisfied  feeline  ^  collection  of  saliva  in 
m.  ;  smell  as  of  profuse  sour  perspiration.  In  1  h,  ngor,  with  weak 
feeling  j  then  heat  in  face  and  drawing  in  teeth.  The  whole  m, 
strikingly  gloomy  humour  ;  lassitude  j  pale,  wretched  appearance.  In 
e,  exhaustion,  dryness  of  nose  and  Ifps,  coryza.  N.  tranquil,  14th. — 
In  m.  early  a  stool,  and — unwontcdly — another  during  d.  Boil  not  so 
painful  ;  more  cheerful.  In  e.,  suddenly  violent  pulsation  about  r,  hip^ 
soon  going  off.  During  subsequent  d.,  uncommonly  violent  coryza, 
which  lasts  with  unusual  obstinacy.  19th. — A  pustule  appears  on  r, 
commissure  of  mouth,  with  much  burning  pain.  Before  this  sevend 
had  appeared  on  L  cheek,  and  on  thighs.  Coryza  did  not  go  away  till 
20th. 

^^  Nov.  5th,  6  a.m.,  took  gr.  v  dissolved  in  water.  In  J  h.  yjicom* 
monly  early  call  to  stool,  and  loose  evacuation  ;  then  headache  and 
much  rigor.  After  breakfast  (1  h.)  belly-ache.  At  ll  a.m.,  5  gr. 
more.  About  noon  uncommon  burning  in  hands  and  feet.  In  after- 
noon and  towards  e.  aching  and  shooting  in  thyroid  gland,  which  had 
been  enlarged  but  painless  for  years.  At  6  p.m.  again  5  gr.  Soon 
after  great  eructation,  pressure  and  heat  in  sinciput  j  increased  secre- 
tion of  mucus  in  mouth  and  scraping  feeling.  Afterwards,  after  taking 
some  milk  (10  p.m.),  some  eructation.  Great  wakefulness  until  n.^o^ 
with  constant  straining  and  pressure  on  belly  and  discharge  of  flatus. 
Burning  on  some  chaps  on  fingers^  where,  next  m.,  some  unusual 
collections  of  pus  appear  beneath  the  skin.  6th. — 5  gr.  In  i  h-  eruc- 
tations, frontal  headache,  chilliness.  At  noon  again  5  gr.,  and  in- 
creased number  of  pimples  on  face.  In  afternoon  much  rumbling  in 
bowels  and  discharge  of  flatus  At  6  p.m.  5  gr.  more.  Next  m,  great 
latitude  in  all  limbs,  as  if  sleep  had  been  insufficient  ;  itching  pimples 
on  pudex.  7th, — Gums  somewhat  swollen,  and  more  sensitive  than 
usual  :  pimples  on  podex  painful  on  lying  down  at  n.  8th. — At 
10  a.m*  5  gr.  After  2  h,  painful  erosion  on  middle  of  tongue.  Great 
secretion  of  mucus  in  mouth  and  nose,  in  afternoon  and  e.  qth.^ 
L&'Iuch  itching  on  hands  and  rest  of  body.  At  to  am.  a  powder 
■  (presumably  of  5  gr. —  Kds.)  and  again  at  noon.  Burning  in  fauces  and 
oesophagus;  disposition  to  eructate.  At  5  p.m.  another  dose.  Fre* 
quent  call  to  micturate,  as  had  indeed  been  the  case  for  several  d. 
previously.  At  7  p.m.  another  powder.  Very  sensitive  reddened 
gums.  loth. — Gums,  especially  ot  lower  teeth,  swollen  and  very 
sensitive  ;  a  yellow  painful  vesicle  on  mucous  membrane  between  lip 
and  1.  lower  canine.  At  11  a.m.  another  dose.  Increased  flow  of 
urine  and  loose  evacuation  in  afternoon.  In  e.  transient  pinching  in  r. 
ear,  as  has  happened  several  times  before  these  last  d.  Uncommon 
lassitude,  nth. — On  rising,  ball  of  r.  fool  swollen  and  tender  as  if 
from  frost  (there  was  none)  1  unusually  severe  coryza.  In  e.  tender 
red  swelling  of  r.  toes,  like  chilblains.  12th. — Coryza  and  tender 
swelling  of  ball  of  foot  are  still  present,  and  continue  throughout  13th 
and  14th.  15th. — Many  itching  pimples  on  thighs  and  hands.  In  c. 
swelled  ball  of  I.  foot  burned  and  was  painful.     Uncommon  sensitive- 


AMMONIA. 


H5 


ncss  of  both  feet  to  wet  and  cold,  which  for  several  afternoons  past  has 
caused  pain  in  bowels,  flatus  and  chilliness.  Great  increase  of  urine, 
and  frequent  calls  to  pass  it,  especially  in  afternoon.  On  i6th  and 
17th,  in  addition^  I  ala  nasi  was  internally  swollen  and  tender.  With 
abdominal  troubles  was  great  depression  of  spirits,  which  did  not  go  off 
till  about  midnight.  On  18th  and  rQth  the  medicinal  disease  seetns 
to  have  attained  its  height :  ball  of  1.  foot  was  very  painful  in  e.  On 
20th,  and  still  more  on  2istj  spirits  got  better,  and  a  marked  feeling 
of   improvement   ensued  :    pains    in  haU  of    foot    gradually  subsided, 

Ti.  Mayer.  Nov.  sth.  At  6  a*m.,  after  taking  5  gr.,  a  slight 
headache,  which  did  not  last  long.  Felt  no  other  effect,  though  during 
d,  he  took  6  doses  of  5  gr,  each.  On  7th,  in  e.,  took  10  gr.j  after 
which  he  slept  quietlv.  On  8th,  from  7  a.m.  till  4  p.m.  took  5  gr. 
every  2  h.  Till  e.  felt  scarcely  any  action  ;  but  about  7  p.m.  a  sort  of 
anxiety  possessed  him,  lasting  about  i  h.,  and  then  going  off  again. 
Slept  quietly  at  n*  9th. — In  m,  slight  headache,  with  nausea,  going 
off  on  smoking  ;  nausea  alone  recurred  at  3  p.m.,  while  lying  down, 
going  off  on  rising.  In  e*  same  anxiety  recurred.  Lay  in  bed  from 
1 1  to  1  unable  to  sleep — an  unprecedented  occurrence.  loth, — Felc 
uninterrupted  aching  in  chest,  most  on  1.  side  ;  also  itching  or  rather 
burning  in  I.  sole  and  calf,  particularly  \n  former,  where  it  was  most 
persistent.  At  n.  cough  with  stuffed  cold,  keeping  him  awake  till  i  : 
next  m.  quite  right,  save  occasional  stomach-ache.  Pulse  regular,  save 
that  during  the  anxietas  it  quickened,  and  there  was  rush  of  blood  to 
head.     On  nth,  itching  on  glans  penis,  lasting  8  d.     {Ibid,) 

12.  Reichmann.  Jan.  15th.  In  afternoon,  took  gr.  v.  Soon 
afccrwar<fs,  and  for  some  time  thereafter,  considerable  thirst,  pains  in 
chest  and  oppression  of  breathing.  At  n.  terrifying  dreams,  low  spirits, 
and  sometimes  considerable  excitement.  Soon  afterwards,  eruption  of 
pimples  on  legs  and  inflammation.     (Ibid.) 

13*  RuNGB.  On  Nov.  5th  took,  at  intervals,  6  doses  of  5  gr. 
each.  The  6th  and  7th  passed  without  effect.  On  8th,  at  8  p.m., 
10  gr.  were  taken,  and  repeated  at  10,30.  Tongue  and  whole  inside 
of  mouth  were  reddened,  especially  a  spot  on  palate  which  had  been 
excoriated  by  a  hard  crust,  and  also  parts  below  tongue  ^  on  lower  lip 
two  small  hard  swellings.  On  9th,  took  at  intervals  seven  doses  of 
gr,  X  each.  Redness  of  mouth,  especially  towards  e.  loth. — At  7  a.m. 
evacuation  surrounded  by  watery  mucus  ;  same  about  i  ;  flatus  very 
foetid.  In  course  of  d»  redness  of  mouth  diminished,  especially  about 
inner  surface  of  gums.  Lip  swellings  almost  gone.  Towards  c.,  itch- 
ing on  arms  and  still  more  on  feet.  14th. — ^Tcndcrncss  of  mouth  goes 
off  more  and  more,  and  had  quite  ceased  by  J 6th.     [Ibid,) 

14.  VuLPius.  Jan,  8th,  took  gr*  j*  Immediately  an  irritation 
causing  cough,  of  short  duration  only.  On  I2th,  gr.  vj  produced 
nothing  besides  this.  On  13th,  took  gr.  x.  Soon  after,  slight  rigor 
over  whole  body,  confusion  and  weight  of  head  :  during  d.,  a  good  deal 
of  chilliness*     {Ibid,) 

15.  L,  G — .  Health  sound,  pulse  72.  At  7  a.m*  took  5  gr.  of 
I,  trit.  of  amm.  carb.  in  water.      Soon  accumulation  of  mucu^  in  larynx. 


X4.6 


AMMONIA. 


followed  by  slight  roughness  of  voice.  7.10.  Throat  feels  fiill  and 
obstructed  ;  increased  mucus  in  fauces ;  ringing  in  r,  car ;  eructation, 
7.30,  Occasional  sneezing  ^  perspiration  on  forehead,  7-45*  R.  sub- 
maxillary gland  tender  to  touch*  8.  No  appetite  for  breakfast ;  after 
eating  distension  of  stomach,  followed  by  urging  to  stool  before  usual 
h, ;  felt  very  languid  for  4  h*  after  stool  ;  slight  irritative  cough  at 
intervals,  q.  On  going  out  of  doors,  chilly  ;  fresh  air  causes  sneezing 
and  slight  sorethroat  ;  backache  in  lumbar  region  while  walking, 
9*30.  Cfhrlly  again,  with  perspiration  ;  pulse  84  ;  griping  in  bowels, 
with  flatus.  10.15.  Usual  stool.  10.40.  Ache  in  lumbar  region; 
muscles  of  legs  feel  sore  and  bruised ;  feverish  heats  and  thirst ;  felt 
sleepy  and  tired  ;  slept  ^  h.  ^  woke  with  headache  and  coryza  ;  pulse 
90-  12.30.  After  a  good  meal  all  symptoms  relieved.  (Dr.  Wood- 
WARD,  Med,  Era^  Jan.,  1885*) 

11.  Pohonings, — i.  A  young  man  slept  in  a  room  next  to  the  phar- 
macy in  which  was  a  large  bottle  containing  about  50  lbs.  of  ammonia 
(alcali  volatil).  This  burst  in  the  n.  He  woke  with  feeling  of  con- 
striction of  throat  and  great  difficulty  in  breathing.  He  rushed  into  the 
pharmacy  and  was  completely  suffocated,  and  would  have  died  had  not 
a  nurse  come  and  extricated  him  from  his  dangerous  position.  When 
seen  by  the  reporter,  he  was  still  in  the  corridor  leading  to  the  phar* 
macy.  He  was  immediately  taken  into  open  air.  His  gestures  betrayed 
the  greatest  anxiety  ;  his  face,  the  features  of  which  were  much  discom- 
posed, was  covered  with  red  spots,  more  marked  the  nearer  they  were  to 
the  natural  openings  ;  the  sense  of  nostrils  and  lips  was  destroyed  \  a 
quantity  of  bloody  foam  exuded  from  mouth  and  nose  ;  the  tongue, 
bright  red,  seemed  deprived  of  its  epithelium,  some  parts  of  it  were 
covered  with  a  layer  of  mucus  which  might  have  been  mistaken  for  a 
false  membrane  ;  all  the  buccal  cavity  presented  the  same  appearance  \ 
the  patient  could  hardly  speak^  his  voice  was  so  feeble  j  he  complained 
of  biting  pain  in  throat  which  soon  extended  to  chest  \  there  was 
extreme  difficulty  of  breathing  and  threatening  suffocation  \  ausculta- 
tion revealed  a  tumultuous  rale  ;  thirst  extreme,  but  swallowing  almost 
impossible ;  the  attempt  he  made  to  swallow  brought  on  a  tiresome 
cough,  which  brought  up,  at  rare  intervals,  mucus  ;  skin  hot  and  dry  ; 
pulse  weak,  irregular,  and  quick  ;  no  convulsive  movements  j  eyes  red 
and  sparkling ;  forehead  burning  to  the  touch,  its  blood-vessels  dis- 
tended. He  was  bled  freely,  which  stopped  the  blood  accompanying 
the  expectoration.  He  had  injections  of  vinegar  and  water,  which  were 
painful  ;  at  the  end  of  2  h.  auscultation  showed  signs  of  improvement 
in  the  respiration  j  he  seemed  to  suffer  less.  His  complaints  were  all 
about  his  throat  \  swallowing  soon  became  impossible.  Leeches  were 
applied  and  astringent  gargles  given,  also  emulsions,  frictions,  purgatives, 
enemata,  and  baths.  At  the  end  of  48  h.  he  was  out  of  danger.  For 
some  days  afterwards  he  presented  the  signs  of  acute  bronchitis,  and 
had  aphonia  for  5  or  6  d.  This  went  ofJ  and  he  is  quite  well,  {Journ. 
de  Chimie^  Aug.,  1840.) 

2,  M — ,  a?t.  44,  compositor,  on  8th  September  swallowed  with 
suicidal  intent  more  than  100  grammes  (Jiij)  of  liquid  ammon.  He 
immediately  experienced  great  anguish,  a  sense  of  suffocation  and  con- 


AMMONIA. 


24; 


striction  of  throat,  horrible  tearing  patn  in  stomach,  and  vomiting. 
Soon  became  unconscious  for  a  short  time,  and  was  brought  to  the 
hospital,  prostrated  and  cold.  Treatment,  warm  applications  to  body 
and  drinks  acidulated  with  acetic  acid.  Next  d.  calm,  but  complained 
of  mouth,  throat,  and  stomach,  several  small  white  sp)ot$  on  inferior 
aspect  of  tongue.  All  throat  bright  red.  Velum  palati,  uvula,  and 
pillars  of  fauces  slightly  swollen.  Upper  part  of  larynx  very  painful  ; 
deglutition  extremely  painful,  voice  feeble.  Epigastrium  excessively 
painful  to  pressure,  rest  of  abdomen  tender,  not  painful.  All  he  drinks 
is  ejected  by  vomiting,  which  is  accompanied  by  liquid  blood  in  con- 
siderable quantity.  During  d.  vomiting  continues,  and  he  has  copious 
liquid  stools  of  a  deep  red  colour,  and  extremely  fetid,  evidently  chicfl  v 
composed  of  blood*  No  sleep. —  loth.  More  calm,  deglutition  still 
painful,  sensitiveness  of  epigastrium.- — nth.  Sensitiveness  of  epigas- 
trium increased,  abdomen  distended,  slightly  tympanitic.  Stools  of 
same  character,  very  copious*  Tongue  still  shows  white  spots.  No 
redness  or  prominence  of  papillae. — 12th.  Less  pain  in  stomach,  epi- 
gastrium less  tender.  Chief  sufferings  in  fauces  and  cesophagus. 
Great  pain  in  swallowing.  Stools  as  yesterday. — 13th.  Swallowing 
still  difficult.  Vomits  all  he  swallows.  Stools  less  copious,  but  still 
liquid  and  red.  Emaciated  and  prostrated. — 14th.  Injection  of  con- 
junctiva, sclerotic  yellow;  swallowing  less  difficult. — 15th,  Stools  still 
liquid,  but  no  longer  bloody. — 16th.  On  both  forearms  smooth  red 
patches,  not  very  sensitive  to  touch.  Anterior  veins  of  a  dark  blue 
colour,  not  prominent. — 17th.  The  red  patches  much  increased  in 
size,  extend  all  over  forearm,  back  and  front,  and  even  up  the  inside  of 
upper  arm.  Conjunctiva  of  1.  eye  swollen,  yellowish  semi-transparent 
chemosis.  Swallowing  still  difficult.  Tongue  red,  papillse  prominent. 
— 18th,  Redness  of  arms  extended  up  mside  of  upper  arm,  doughy 
feeling  of  subcutaneous  tissue.  The  pain  of  the  red  eruption  is  so 
great,  he  cannot  move  his  arms  the  least  bit.  The  patches  are  pale 
red  with  a  yellowish  border.  Veins  of  arms  more  apparent  and  livid. 
The  chemosis  of  1.  eye  prevents  closure  of  Itds,  Lids  themselves 
swollen.  Skin  dry  and  hot,  pulse  120,  very  small.  Respiration  fre- 
quent and  short.  Diarrhoea  continues.  Tongue  pale,  not  furred. 
Great  prostration  and  emaciation.  Excitement  and  tendency  to  deli- 
rium^  voice  weak  and  hoarse.  Died  in  the  e. — P.M.,  36  h.  after  death. 
Greenish  discoloration  of  abdominal  walls  ;  no  rigor  mortis.  Redness 
gone  from  arms,  but  where  it  has  been  epidermis  is  detached,  cellular 
tissue  beneath  infiltrated  with  serum.  Axillary  glands  slightly  swollen, 
their  substance  bright  red,  only  moist  and  rather  soft.  Contents  of 
skull  normal.  Both  pleurse  contained  a  large  quantity  of  red  serum. 
Some  adhesions  at  apices  of  lungs.  Both  lungs  of  a  dark  red  colour, 
mottled  with  small  black  spots.  A  quantity  of  frothy  serum  escaped 
when  they  were  cut  into  j  the  congestion  is  more  towards  the  apex 
than  the  base.  Bronchial  m.m.  reddened.  The  arytcno-cpiglotric 
folds  are  swollen,  red.  Epiglottis  very  red  on  its  upper  surface,  not  on 
its  lower,  its  edges  show  small  excoriated  scars.  R.  side  of  heart  filled 
with  soft  blackish  spots.  All  the  inside  of  r.  ventricle  and  of  1.  auricle 
dark  red.     In  aoru  a  fibrinous  clot  flattened  like  a  riband,  extending 


h8 


AMMONIA. 


into  bnchio-cephalic  branch  of  1.  carotid.  Lining  membrane  of  aoru 
dark  red.  Pharynx  bright  red  and  swollen.  All  the  oesophagus  appears 
deprived  of  epithelium,  its  m,m,  dirty  grey-coloured,  studded  with  deep 
ulcers  and  apparently  destroyed  in  a  great  part  of  its  extent.  Large 
cul-de-sac  of  stomach  at  one  side  and  in  front  of  cardiac  region  shews  a 
round  ulcer  3  cm*  diameter,  the  centre  occupied  by  a  blackish  slough  ; 
the  rest  of  m,m.  not  altered,  of  a  dark  green  colour  where  in  contact 
with  liver*  Valvulae  connivences  of  duodenum  and  jejunum  thickened, 
m.m.  dark  coloured.  Mesenteric  glands  considerably  swollen,  grey 
coloured,  soft,  the  upper  ones  more  altered  than  the  lower  ones.  Liver  < 
yellow,  like  boot  leather,  extremely  friable,  quite  bloodless.  The  sadpel  1 
rendered  somewhat  greasy  bv  incision.  Spleen  dark  red,  softened.  R. 
kidney  enlarged,  its  capsule  thickened  i  its  tissue,  especially  towards 
periphery,  unusually  soft^  friable  like  the  spleen,  all  the  softened  tissue 
of  a  greyish-yellow  colour.  Tubules  under  microscope  empty  or  con- 
taining  altered  cells,  or  those  replaced  by  a  fine  granular  substance  of 
dark  yellow  colour  with  oil  globules.  The  substance  of  pyramids 
shows  many  empty  tubules,  others  filled  with  the  fine  granular  and 
fatty  substance.  All  the  tubules  of  cortical  substance  seem  filled  with 
the  granular  fatty  substance.  No  blood  globules.  Malpighian  glo- 
mcrulcs  scarcely  distinguishable.  In  the  calices  of  the  pelvis  there  is  a 
semifluid  ochre-yellow  layer  adhering  to  the  unaltered  m.m.  This 
under  microscope  seems  to  be  the  same  granular  fatty  substance  found 
in  the  tubules.  L.  kidney  large,  discoloured,  softened  on  its  surface^ 
not  less  so  than  r.  kidney.  (PoTAit^yyokm,  de  Chimie  mt*^.,  viii,  311.) 
3«  A  woman^  act.  24,  swallowed  about  half  a  wineglassful  of  mix- 
ture containing  a  large  quantity  of  strong  solution  of  ammonia  put  into 
it  by  mistake.  She  immediately  fell  backwards  in  a  state  of  insensi- 
bility, and  appeared  as  if  choked.  When  seen  about  6  h.  later  she 
complained  of  severe  burning  pain  down  throat  and  in  epigastrium, 
which  was  tender  on  pressure*  There  was  great  debility,  the  voice  was 
reduced  to  a  whisper,  and  the  countenance  expressed  anxiety.  There 
was  also  great  difficulty  in  deglutition,  the  pupils  were  widely  dilated, 
breathing  difficult,  tongue  coated  with  white  fur,  painful,  and  tender ; 
two  or  three  patches  of  its  mucous  membrane  peeled  off,  and  there 
were  convulsive  twitches  of  r,  arm.  Patient  did  not  entirely  recover 
till  after  lapse  of  10  d.  j  on  5th  d,  there  were  still  great  pain  and  ten- 
derness in  epigastrium  and  1.  hypochondrium.  (Lanat^  April  4th, 
1856.) 

4,  A  rnanj  in  a  fit  of  passion,  swallowed  about  3V  of  a  solurion  or 
the  carbonate.  In  10  m,  he  was  seized  with  stupor  and  insensibility  ; 
but,  upon  the  application  of  stimulant  remedies,  he  recovered.  He 
suffered  for  some  time  afterwards  from  severe  irritation  about  fauces 
and  oesophagus.     (Taylor^  Poisons^  sub  voce.) 

5.  I  had  lately  under  my  care  a  gentleman  of  fortune  and  family, 
who  so  habituated  himself  to  the  use  of  volatile  salts,  in  vast  quantities, 
that  at  length  he  could  cat  them  in  a  very  astonishing  manner,  as  other 
people  eat  sugar  and  caraway  seeds.  The  consequence  was  that  he 
brought  on  a  hectic  fever  i  vast  haemorrhages  from  intcstmes,  nose,  and  ' 
gums  i  every  one  of  his  teeth  dropped  out|  and  he  could  eat  nothing 


AMMONIA, 


149 


solid  I  he  wasted  vastly  in  his  flesh,  and  his  muscles  became  as  soft  and 
flabby  as  those  of  a  new-born  infant,  and  he  broke  out  all  over  his  bcxiy 
in  pustules.  His  urine  was  always  excessively  high  coloured,  turbid, 
and  very  foetid.  He  was  at  last  persuaded  to  leave  off  this  pernicious 
custom  ;  but  he  had  so  effectually  ruined  his  constitution,  that,  though 
he  rubbed  on  in  a  miserable  manner  for  several  months,  he  died,  and  in 
the  highest  degree  of  marasmus.  (Hijxham,  Essay  m  Fevtr^  quoted  by 
Pereira/) 

III.  Exptrimtnts  on  animals, — i.  a.  The  elimination  of  the  am» 
monia  compounds  and  their  behaviour  while  in  the  body  have  fre- 
quently been  the  subject  of  elaborate  investigations.  The  most  recent 
researches  positively  refute  the  statement  that  elimination  takes  place 
by  the  lungs,  even  when  ligation  or  removal  of  both  kidneys  has  been 
practised.  Lange  has  sought  in  vain  for  free  ammonia  in  the  blood  of 
animals  into  which  large  quantities  of  ammonia  compounds  had  been 
injected  during  life  by  the  jugular  vein.  Lohrer  and  Knieriem  con- 
clude from  their  experiments  that  the  whole  of  the  ammonia  introduced 
leaves  the  system  in  the  urine,  with  or  without  transformation  into  urea. 

6.  The  local  effects  of  ammonia  on  organs  containing  nerves  are, 
under  all  circumstances,  coupled  with  the  phenomena  of  intense  irrita- 
tion of  the  sensitive  nerves,  which  manifests  itself  not  only  by  violent 
paijis,  but  also  (in  the  air-passages)  by  energetic  reflex  action.  In  other 
respects  the  local  phenomena  are  similar  in  character  to  the  effects  pro- 
duced by  other  inflammatory  irritants. 

c.  Of  the  phenomena  which  ensue  after  the  absorption  of  poisonous 
quantities  of  ammonium  compounds  the  most  striking  arc  the  disturb- 
ances of  respiration  and  of  the  voluntary  movements.  The  former 
consists  in  an  enormous  increase  in  the  frequency  of  respiration,  suc- 
ceeding a  short  pause  in  the  breathing  that  occurs  immediately  after  the 
administration  of  the  poison.  V/e  ascribe  it  to  a  central  irritation  of 
the  respiratory  tract  in  the  medulla  oblongata,  and  it  obtains  even  in 
animals  whose  vagi  were  previously  severed* 

d.  The  tetanic  convulsions  provoked  by  the  ammonium  compounds 
proceed  from  the  spinal  cord.  This  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  they 
occur  also  in  animals  whose  cervical  marrow  has  been  severed  between 
atlas  and  axis,  and  which  are  kept  alive  by  artificial  respiration. 

i.  The  action  which  all  the  ammonium  compounds  exert  on  the 
circulation  consists  in  an  enormous  increase  in  the  blood -pressure. 
(BoEHM,  Ziem$sen*s  Cyclopadia^  sub  voce.) 

2. — a.  The  effect  on  the  spinal  cord  is  very  analogous  to  the  action 
of  strychnia  J  with  this  difference,  that  after  the  first  tetanoid  convul- 
sions, there  is  not  upon  every  new  irritation  of  the  sensitive  nerves 
a  fresh  tetanus,  but  only  a  short  reflex  contraction. 

b.  When  both  vagi  are  severed  before  the  poison  is  injected,  the 
primary  interruption  of  the  breathing  docs  not  occur. 

c.  When  injected  into  a  vein  or  hypodermically  ammonia  produces 
in  frogs  and  rabbits:  1st.  A  strongly  excitant  effect  on  the  inhibitory 
centre  of  the  heart  in  the  brain,  resulting  in  slowing  of  the  cardiac 
movements  or  a  stoppage  of  the  heart  in  diastole,  and.  I'hc  same 
influence  on  the  spinal  vaso-motor  centrcsi  thui  narrowiJig  the  calibru 


AALMONIUM  MURIATICUM- 


of  aD  the  penpheral  arteries  and  increasing  the  blood -pressure,  which 
ochenrise  would  be  lowered  froni  die  tnbibitioQ  of  the  heart.  In  dogi 
and  cats  there  is  with  die  increased  Uood-pressuce  an  acceleratioa  of  the 
h^rr« 

d.  The  secretion  of  manj  glands^  espectalty  of  those  of  the  bronchial 
mucous  membrane,  and  according  to  some  of  the  sireat*glands,  is 
increased  by  the  action  of  ammonia  and  its  salts.  fNoTHKACEL  and 
RossBACH,  Ar%niimittilUhre^  sub  voce.) 

3,  MjTSCHERLiCH  injcctcd  3SS  of  amm.  carb.  in  ^  of  water  into  a 
rabbit's  stomach.  At  first  the  animal  became  restless*  but  afterwards 
so  feeble  as  to  be  unable  to  stand ;  spasmodic  movements  and  tetanus 
followed,  with  rapid  beating  of  heart  and  difficulty  of  breathing.  In 
25  m.  animal  died.  Stomach,  on  dissection,  showed  no  alteration, 
perhaps  in  consequence  of  its  containing  food,  but  there  was  vascular 
injection  of  the  upper  portion  of  the  small  intestine,  and  the  epithehum 
of  this  prt  was  dissolved.  The  blood  was  liquid,  and  coagulated  very 
slowly,  forming  a  very  small  clot.  When  the  salt  was  introduced  into 
the  cellular  tissue  of  the  abdomen,  tetanic  symptoms  again  occurred, 
and  animal  died  in  4a  m.  Small  intestine  externally  was  very  red,  and 
within  was  filled  with  a  reddish  mucus,  containing  very  few  cylindrical 
cells,  many  cell-nuclei  and  globules,  resembling  the  blood-globules  in 
form  and  size,  but  so  thin  and  delicate  as  readilv  to  be  torn,  (Stille, 
^.  at,,  I,  784.) 


AMMONIUM   MURIATICUM. 

Sal  ammoniac,  Ammonic  chloride,  NH^Cl. 

I,  Pri^vingi. —  I,  Hahkemann,  Chronic  Diseases^  Part  II  of  original. 
Vol.  of  translation.  Contains  397  symptoms  from  self  and  three 
fellow-observers, 

2. — a.  Dr.  GiTMPERT  commenced*  by  administering  5SS  or 5J  in  24h., 
increasing  doses  by  3J  every  3  or  4  d.^  until  31  v — ^vj  were  taken  daily. 
When  about  half  a  pound  had  been  used  in  the  course  of  4  weeks,  the 
following  complex  of  symptoms  would  appear : — There  was  a  state  of 
things  exactly  resembling  a  status  picuitosus,  attended  with  the  most 
invincible  repugnance  to  the  remedy,  so  that  even  the  thought  of  it 
would  cause  nausea.  The  eyes  became  dull,  and  presented  a  peculiar 
glassy  or  watery  shine  ;  lassitude,  sluggishness  and  prostration  over- 
powered whole  body  ;  tongue  became  coated  white ;  patient  experi- 
enced a  constant  shivering,  horripilation  between  skin  and  flesh  \  he 
hawked  constantly  and  cleared  his  throat  because  there  was  an  inces* 
sant  tickling  there,  although  he  did  not  get  up  much  mucus ;  there 
was  sense  of  emptiness  in  stomach,  but  he  could  not  bring  himself  to 
take   food.     Perspiration  was    generally  increased  j    sweat  broke  out 

•  Gum  pert 's  subjects  were  seven  patients,  one  with  adiposis,  the  second  with 
iw>me  urinary  catarrh,  the  other  five  witfi  maladies  unmcntioncd.  As  the  symptoms 
were  unitarm  in  all,  we  have  fch  justified  in  inserting  them  as  pathogenetic  ^m  the 


AMMONIUM   MURIATICUM. 


251 


from  slightest  movement.  Much  urine  was  excreted,  of  a  strong 
ammoniacal  or  even  mouldy  odour,  though  generally  quite  clean 
Glassy  and  viscid  mucus*  was  occasionally  evacuated  by  stool,  but 
diarrhoea  occurred  only  rarely. 

b.  This  state  of  things  did  not  last  long  before  a  formal  attack  of 
fever  would  prostrate  patient  upon  his  bed.  The  paroxysm  com- 
menced with  chill  and  heat,  and  ended  with  profuse  perspiration.  It 
resembled  that  of  an  ordinary  intermittent,  and  was  followed  by  relief 
from  the  premonitory  symptoms  recorded  above,  and  from  some  of 
those  of  the  disease  for  which  it  was  given.  In  the  course  of  18 
months  G,  has  observed  five  cases  of  the  kind,  all  of  which  followed 
the  seven-day  type  quite  accurately  :  the  paroxysms  recurred  regularly 
as  long  as  the  organism  was  sufficiently  saturated  with  the  salt ; 
ceased  or  became  slighter  as  the  saturation  decreased,  and  could  be 
reproduced  at  pleasure  by  resuming  remedy.  In  one  case  the  febris 
septimana  set  in  after  sal  ammoniac  had  been  taken  6  weeks,  and 
recurred  every  Thursday  for  4  weeks  :  5th  paroxysm  w,is  slight,  and 
the  6ch  omitted,  but  a  7th  occurred  on  fresh  dosing  with  the  drug. 
[This  was  the  patient  with  adiposis  :  he  was  much  benefited  by  the 
treatment.]      {Med,  Ztg,  vom  Ferein  f,  Heiik.  in  Preussen,  vii,  179.) 

3.  Dr.  Rabuteau  took  2\  grm,  twice  daily  for  5  d.  For  5  d. 
previously  urine  showed  average  of  1027  grm.  and  urea  oi  21  '40,  for  5  d. 
subsequently  average  was  1078  and  21*62  respectively  ;  while  during 
medication  it  was  1343  for  urine  and  24*41  for  urea.f  The  secretion 
also,  ordinarily  clear,  was  on  these  days  turbid  with  urates  on  cooling. 
He  did  not  take  his  temperature,  but  it  seemed  to  him  elevated, — his 
hands  being  nearly  always  hot, — and  his  pulse  averaged  66  instead  of 
61*8  and  6  r2  (the  figures  before  and  after  medication).  There  was 
no  diaphoresis,  neither  did  digestive  or  nervous  disturbance  occur* 
{UUnhn  Mid.y  1871,  ii,  330,) 

4.  WiBMER,  on  Aug,  1 8th,  took  at  12.30  gr.  v  in  water  without 
effect.  On  19th,  pulse  68,  took  gr.  x  at  7  and  again  at  8  a.m. 
Between  9  and  10  increased  call  to  urinate,  warmth  in  stomach, 
mouth  and  fauces  very  moist,  loose  cough.  At  noon  a  stool,  softer 
than  usual.  At  12.30,  pulse  73,  took  gr,  xv.  After  J  h.  warmth  and 
discomfort  in  stomach,  some  headache  in  temples  and  forehead  for  10 
— 15  m.  only.     At  2  ate  with  appetite.     At  5,45  gr.  xx.     In  J   h. 

hagain  warmth  and  weight  in  stomach,  headache  in  forehead,  thinking 
[jwer  unaffected.  In  i  h,  increased  secretion  of  urine.  Ate  supper 
with  appetite.  On  aoth  quite  well  save  for  pressure  in  stomach  for  a 
few  m,  and  slight  nausea.     {IVirkung  dtr  Ari.n,  w.  G.,  sub  voce.) 

5. — a.  Increase  in  excretion  of  urine  seems  to  be  a  constant  effect 
of  sal  ammoniac  administered  internally.  Bocker  always  found  in 
experiments  on  himself  that  he  excreted  from  250 — 600  grm,  more 
under  these  circumstances* 

*  **  Of  these  effects,  the  increased  secretion  of  mucus  ha*  been  confinncd  by  all 
other  obscr^'ers;  it  seems  therefore  to  be  well  founded"  (Not  H  nag  EL  and  Rossbach). 

f  "According  to  the  recent  researches  of  Knicricm  \Zeitsch,j.  EioUgit^  '*7S)» 
the  major  |iajt  of  the  ammonia  taken  into  the  system  is  transformed  mio  urea,  in 
which  form  it  appears  in  the  urine'*  (Boehm,  in  Ziemssca's  Cychpadia,  xvii,  357). 


%$% 


AMMONIUM   MURIATICUM, 


h.  According  to  Bocker  the  absolute  quantity  of  the  expired 
carbonic  is  considerably  increased  at  the  outset,  while  the  percentage  in 
the  expired  air  is  slightly  diminished.  After  long-continued  use  both 
absolue  and  relative  amounts  are  very  much  lessened.  (Nothnacel 
and  RossBACHj  &p.  at,) 

6. — a,  Sundelin  says  that  in  large  doses  it  purges  like  other  salts, 
but  in  small  ones  rather  constipates. 

h,  Kraus  says  that  a  slight  miliary  eruption  and  very  painful  aphthae 
have  been  produced  by  large  doses  of  it.     (Pi-RErRA,  op.  cit,) 

7*  RfiCHNiTz  gave  sal  ammoniac  to  a  patient  suffering  from  some 
injury  and  from  a  perinseal  fistula,  commencing  with  3SS  and  going  to 
5j  pifK  dUm,  Soon  there  occurred  such  disgust  at  the  remedy  that  he 
could  not  even  look  at  the  drawer  where  it  was  kept  without  vomiting* 
He  had  prostration  and  weakness  of  limbs  j  violent  boring  parns  in 
lower  extremities  j  drawing  in  jaws  ;  pulse  quick,  small,  soft  i  tongue 
white-furred  -,  thirst  great  ;  neither  stool  nor  urine  increased  ;  frequent 
vomiting  of  green  fluid.  No  intermitting  fever  noticed,  {Med,  Jahr. 
diT  k.  k.  (Est.  St,^  xxxi,  224.) 

8.  Fischer  gave  to  a  man  with  enlarged  prostate  3ij  of  amm.  mur. 
every  1  h.  After  3  weeks  of  this  treatment  patient  reported  that  he 
had  a  severe  miliary  fever  [Frtesel).  **  This  Friael^*^  Rechnitz  writes, 
*^  is  well  known  to  me :  it  never  fails  to  appear  during  prolonged  use 
of  large  doses  of  sal  ammoniac."  [Casper*s  IVochemchrifty  ^^ZZ\ 
p.  820.) 

9*  3rd  March. — Of  5iij  amm*  m.  in  Jvij  water,  took  at  8, 9, 10, 1 1> 
J 2  a.m,,  2»35,  3.10,  3.40,  2  tablcspoonfuls, at  4.5p.m.  I  tablespoonful  j 
of  \  oz*  in  8  oz.  water,  at  6  p.m.  I  tablespoonful,  11.10  p.m., 
2  tablcspoonfuls.  No  symptoms. — 4th.  Of  last  solution,  at  6.45, 
7,30,  8.5,  9.10,  10,  II,  12  a.m.  2  tablcspoonfuls* — sth.  \  02.  amm. 
m.  in  6  oz.  of  water.  At  8,  10,  11,  12  a.m.,  3.40,  4  p.m.,  2  table- 
spoonfuls,  ^oz.  amm.  m.  in  8  oz.  of  water.  At  5,  i  tablespoonful ; 
at  5.30,  6.35,  u  p.m.  2  tablcspoonfuls.  At  6  a.m.  some  pinching  in 
belly  below  navel.  On  rising  from  bed  pappy  taste.  At  10.30  a  m., 
eKpectoration  of  mucus  from  throat  and  slight  nausea.  Afternoon  and 
e.  easy  expectoration  of  mucus. — ^6th.  At  7.45,  9.40,  10.40,  11,25 
a.m.,  12  noon,  4,  7.35  p.m,,  2  tablcspoonfuls,  11.15  p.m.,  3  table- 
spoonfuls.  Diminished  appetite.  At  6  p.m.  pinching  in  abdomen 
below  navel,  soon  passing  off.  8  p.m.,  feeling  of  roughness  in  chest, 
inclination  to  breathe  deeply,  and  cough  with  scanty  mucous  expectora- 
tion. Sleep  restless,  twice  awoke  by  noise  but  soon  fell  asleep.  On 
rising  in  m.  a  pappy  taste,  furred  tongue,  and  little  appetite. — 7th.  At 
7.30,  9,  10.5,  II,  11.3.5  a.m.,  4.30,  10.30  pm  J  ^  tablcspoonfuls. 
During  d.  coughing  and  hawking  of  mucus.  On  rising  in  m.,  tongue 
more  furred,  little  appetite  for  breakfast.  10  a.m.  Tongue  clean,  occa- 
sional expectoration  of  mucus.  At  il  a.m.  repealed  expectoration  of 
mucus.  2.45  p.m.  Hard  stool  covered  with  mucus.  Afternoon, 
coughed  and  hawked  mucus.  Feeling  of  fulness  in  abdomen. — 8th. 
On  waking,  I.  nostril  stopped  up  with  mucus,  removed  by  sneezing. 
On  blowing  nose  some  drops  of  brownish  blood  mixed  with  mucus. — 
8th.     i  oz*  amm.  m«  in  6  oz,  water.     At  8  a«m.,  j  tablcspoonfuls,  9, 


AMMONIUM  MURIATICUM. 


^53 


10.10  a«m.  2  tablespoonfuls,  ii  a.m.  3  tablespoonfuls^  12  noon  2  table- 
spoonfuls,  3.30  p,m,  2  tablespoon fu Is,  9  p,m»  2  tablespoonfuls*  On 
rising  in  m.  tongue  slightly  furred,  appetite  diminished*  M,,  felt  weak 
and  expectorated  mucus  frequently,  also  afternoon  and  e»  At  12.30 
p.m.  copious  normal  stool,  f^ccs  enveloped  in  mucus,  but  compact. 
Afternoon,  frequent  discomfort  in  belly,  especially  below  r.  and  1.  of 
navel.  All  afternoon  from  3.30  p.m.  onwards,  uncomfortable  fulness 
in  abdomen  lasting  till  bedtime.  E.,  very  tired  but  not  sleepy.  At 
10.45  ^^^^  3s  ^^  ^^^  bowels  twisted  about.  At  9  p.m.,  on  taking  the 
last  dose,  extreme  Joathing. — ^Qth.  ^  oz.  amm.  m.  in  8  oz.  water.  At 
8.16,  9.20,  lo.io,  II,  11.50  a.m,,  2.30,  3.55,  4.45  p.m*  2  table- 
spoonfuls,  5.45  p.m.,  3  tablespoon fuls.  Diminished  appetite  and  dis- 
gust at  medicine*  Stool  first  firm,  then  soft.  Coughed  up  some 
mucus. — 1 0th.  3iij  amm.  mur,  in  5  oz.  water.  At  8,10,  10  a.m., 
3.30,  6.30,  1 1 .45  p.m.  2  tablespoon  fuls.  On  rising  in  m.,  tongue  cleaner 
than  usual.  9.45  a.m.  copious  soft  stool,  expectorated  a  little  mucus. ^ 
iith.  i  oz.  amm.  m.  in  5  oz,  of  water*  8.20,  10,  10,35,  11.15, 
J  1.45  a.m.,  3.20  p.m  2  tablespoonfuls,  4.10  p.m.  3  tablespoon  fuls.  On 
washing  face  m.  some  bleeding  from  nose.  Sneezed  before  breakfast. 
After  rising,  tilt  9  a.m.,  expectorated  thick  phlegm,  also  a  little  during 
d.  No  stool.  During  the  proving  the  salts  in  urine  were  slightly 
diminished.  The  nitrogenous  constituents  of  the  urine  were  increased 
except  the  urates,  which  were  diminished.  (Boeckbr,  Beitragt  %ur 
Heilk.^  ir,  150.) 

II.  Poisoning, — 1.  a.  H,  W — ,  a  man»  set*  25^  convalescent  from 
an  attack  of  acute  mania,  was  taken  suddenly  ill,  at  11  p.m*,  on 
Jan.  22nd,  1868,  with  sickness,  pain  in  the  bowels,  instantaneous 
delirium,  fancying  enemies  were  hiding  under  his  bed  and  accosting 
him  i  that  a  sword  was  hanging  over  his  head  ;  and  that  flames  were 
surrounding  him.  He  then  had  a  convulsive  paroxysm,  which  lasted  a 
few  minutes,  leaving  the  hands  firmly  flexed  upon  the  forearms.  The 
pupils  were  normal,  pulse  feeble,  100  ;  skin  cold  and  moist,  the  extre- 
mities of  a  bluish  tinge  ;  eyes  tremulous  ;  with  sobbing  respiration  as 
of  hysteria.  After  general  stimulation,  mental  tranquillity  returned,  he 
was  free  from  pain  and  began  to  talk,  saying  that  he  had  taken  poison 
in  large  quantity  in  the  afternoon.  This  was  subsequently  proved  to 
be  chloride  of  ammonium,  but  how  much  had  been  taken  coiild  not  be 
ascertained.  Patient  stated  that  he  felt  no  inconvenience  on  first  taking 
it,  but  in  the  evening  he  felt  giddy,  as  if  half  drunk,  staggered,  had 
pain  in  his  stomach,  singing  in  his  ears  and  sensation  of  dazzling  before 
his  eyes. 

^.  Patient  recovered  during  the  n.,  and  at  6  a.m.  insisted  on  getting 
up,  but  had  so  much  shivering,  thirst,  faintness,  and  giddiness,  that  he 
was  obliged  to  return  to  bed  and  have  some  warm  drink.  At  7  a.m. 
an  attendant,  who  had  left  the  ward,  returned  and  found  the  man,  as  he 
thought,  dead.  Breathing  had  ceased,  the  jaw  dropped,  the  face  was  of 
an  ashy  pJeness,  the  eyes  were  open  and  ciuU,  looked  filmy,  the  pupils 
dilated  and  insensible  to  light,  no  response  was  made  to  pricking, 
pinching,  or  shaking  j  the  muscles  were  relaxed  and  flaccid,  the  extre- 
mities cold,  trunk  cool  f  a  faint  beat  of  the  pulse  was  felt  at  the  wrist. 


*54 


AMMONIUM  MURIATICUM, 


Prompt  general  stimulation  with  electricity  was  resorted  to  for  several 
in,,  when  there  occurred  a  shorty  broken,  gasping  respiration,  with 
a  tetanic  action  of  the  muscles.  Then  there  was  agitation  with  stiff- 
ness and  rigidity  of  the  muscles  of  the  thorax  and  arms,  which  increased 
and  spread  to  complete  opisthotonos.  This  lasted  i  m.,  was  followed 
by  relaxation,  and  a  return  of  the  spasm.  In  }  h.  a  feeble  irregular 
respiration  was  fully  established,  sensibility  gradually  returned,  and 
patient  began  to  cry  out,  at  first  faintly  and  afterwards  stronger.  In 
15  m.  more,  consciousness  partially  returned  and  patient  began  to  look 
wildly  about  him,  and  to  resist  the  treatment.  The  mental  powers 
returned  rapidly,  respiration  became  deeper,  the  heart's  action  stronger^ 
and  the  surface  of  the  body  warmer.  In  an  h.  from  the  commencc- 
rmcnt  of  the  treatment  patient  had  delusions  that  he  had  committed 
murder,  that  he  was  suffering  the  pains  of  purgatory,  that  his  bowels 
were  on  fire,  and  he  cried  out  lustily.  On  attempting  to  rise  from  bed 
the  muscular  system  was  still  powerless  ;  he  could  not  pass  water,  and 
three  pints  of  pale  urine  were  drawn  off.  Throughout  the  d.  there  was 
considerable  drowsiness,  with  paroxysms  of  delirious  excitement,  much 
pain  in  the  bowels,  and  a  copious  evacuation  of  darlc  bilious  matter  of 
thin  consistence  {a  purgative  had  been  given).  Towards  c,  the 
pulse  became  full,  bounding,  120,  the  head  hot,  conjunctiva  engorged, 
pupils  somewhat  contracted,  temp.  97 '4°.  With  this  reaction  the  mind 
cleared  up  and  patient  recovered  in  the  course  of  the  next  d« 
(Crichton  Browne,  Lancet^  1868,  I,  720,) 

III.  ExpiTtmints  on  animals. — I. — a*  The  study  of  the  phenomena 
which  ensue  after  the  absorption  of  poisonous  quantities  of  ammonium 
compounds  establishes  beyond  question  that  aJl  the  salts  of  this  base 
exert  the  same  action — varying  only  in  intensity — on  the  organs  of  the 
nervous  system  and  of  the  circulation.  Langc  and  the  writer  have 
proved  experimentally  that  even  ammonium  chloride  does  not,  as  some 
authors  assume,  form  an  exception  to  this  rule  i  on  the  contrary,  it  is 
distinguished  by  an  especially  energetic  action  on  the  nerves. 

A,  After  the  administration  of  the  chloride^  the  action  upon  the 
blood-pressure  is  more  prominent  than  that  upon  the  respiration,  though 
the  latter  is  sufficiently  marked.     (Boehm,  op.  citj) 

2. — a,  Sal  ammoniac  has  a  much  milder  local  effect^  and  is  much 
more  poisonous  when  injected  into  the  blood,  than  ammonia  and  the 
carbonate. 

b.  Mitscherlich,  who  observed  the  mucous  secretions  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines  in  rabbits  that  were  fed  with  sal  ammoniac,  and  found 
them  increased  in  quantity,  says  that  the  epithelium  was  softer  and 
[  composed  of  fewer  large  cells  ;  the  swollen  cylindrical  cells  separated 
from  one  another  with  the  slightest  motion,  became  admixed  with  the 
mucus  in  large  numbers,  and  were  soon  dissolved  in  it.  (Nothnagel 
and  RosSBACH,  sub  voce,) 

3. — a*  Causten,  Sprogel,  Viborg,  and  Gaspard  injected  solutions  ot 
sal  ammoniac  into  the  vems  of  dogs  and  horses  ;  large  doses  generally 
caused  convulsions,  sometimes  paralysis,  and  death. 

b*  From  the  observations  of  Ornla,  Smith,  Arnold,  and  Moiroud, 
the  salt  appears  to  be  a  local  irritant  >  and,  when  introduced  into  the 


AMYL    NITROSUM. 


255 


stomach  in  large  quantities,  causes  vomiting,  purging,  and  gastro- 
enteritis* It  exercises  a  specific  influence  over  distant  organs  ;  for  the 
first  three  of  the  above-mentioned  experimenters  observed  that  inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach  ensued,  to  whatever  part  of  the  body  the  salt 
was  applied. 

r.  Arnold  says  it  diminishes  the  plasticity  of  the  blood.     (Pereira, 
9p.  cit.) 


AMYL   NITROSUM. 

Nitrite  of  amyl.     Product  of  action  of  nitric  acid  upon  amylic  alcohol  (fiisci  oil), 

I.  Proving^.'  -i,  a.  At  lO. 29  p.m.,  pulse  54  and  slightly  irregular, 
10  min,  were  inhaled  for  2  m.  At  10.31  pulse  136^  regular;  face 
much  flushed,  and  strong  throbbing  in  ears  ;  conjunctivae  bloodshot ; 
muscular  tremor  of  arms  ;  involuntary  coughing.  At  10.33  pulse  80* 
very  irregular  ;  at  10.36,  72,  more  regular  ;  at  1 1,80,  regular.  Temp. 
977^  throughout. 

b*  On  another  occasion,  thermometer  was  placed  under  tongue 
and  temp,  found  977*^-  Pulse  was  60.  At  11.84  5  "^^"-  were 
inhaled  for  4  m.  Temp*  now  97*9*^ ;  feeling  of  intense  fulness  in 
head,  with  violent  throbbing  in  ears  ^  face  scarlet  \  slight  perspiration 
on  forehead;  slight  dyspnoea  with  inclination  to  cough.  At  t  rgj 
pulse  was  65.*  At  11. it  nothing  remaining  save  slight  dizziness* 
rrom  11.13  ^^  11.48  temp,  was  981'^ :  pulse  at  first  72  and  irregular, 
then  64. 

f.  Pulse  120,  having  been  accelerated  by  fast  walking;  5  min, 
were  inhaled.  Flushing  of  face  and  throbbing  of  head  came  on  in 
30  sec,  pulse  reaching  160.  Mr.  Bader  examined  eyes  ophthaK 
moscopically,  and  found  veins  of  disc  enlarged,  varicose,  and  tortuous  ; 
arteries  were  small,  but  not  abnormally  so. 

d.  Pulse  84,  3  min.  inhaled.  In  5  sec,  pulse  108;  in  10  sec, 
120;  in  15  sec,  144;  throbbing  in  head  now  commencing,  also 
flushing;  left  off  inhaling.  In  60  sec,  pulse  124;  still  much  throb- 
bing. In  120  sec,  pulse  84,  very  irregular  ;  heavy  aching  all  through 
head* 

r  In  the  few  cases  in  which  sphygmographic  tracings  were  made, 
k  was  found  that  in  the  very  first  stage  of  its  action  the  upstroke 
produced  by  the  contracting  ventricle  was  almost  imperceptible,  giving 
unpleasant  visions  of  impending  syncope.  This  feature  was  apparently 
due  to  the  excessive  rapidity  of  the  heart's  action,  and  was  succeeded 
in  a  very  few  beats  by  a  sudden  and  jerking  impulse  which  gave  no 
positive  indication  of  anything  more  than  an  exaggeration  of  normal 
conditions. 

/:  The  respirations  were  not  altered  in  frequency,  but  in  all  cases, 
coincidently  with  the  flushing  of  face^  great  inclination  to  cough  wa9 
experienced  with  an  indescribable  feeling  of  fulness  about  the  chest. 

*  >  165.  Experimenter  states  that  quickenlfig  of  pulse  was  invariably  first 
Aymptom  of  action  of  dmg.^ — Eds. 


%$6 


AMYL  NITROSUM, 


g.  In  full  doses  of  8  or  lO  drops^  sight  became  impaired  slighd)r» 
and  outline  of  objects  hazy  and  indistinct. 

A.  After  all  experiments,  a  feeling  of  lassitude  remained  behind  for 
30  or  40  m.^  and  dull  aching  in  head  for  some  time  longer.  (GrooD- 
HART,  Practithmry  vi^  12,) 

2*  I  have  given  it  experimentally  to  some  50  friends  and  patients, 
and  have  found  that  Its  inhalation  invariably  causes  increased  frequency 
of  cardiac  pulsation,  accompanied  with  flushing  of  face,  warmth  of  head, 
face  and  neck,  and  perspiration — warmth  and  perspiration  often  being 
general.^  The  pulse  is  the  first  tell-taie  of  its  effects  >  in  from  8  to 
12  sec,  its  frequency  rapidly  increases,  A  pulse  of  20  in  the  J  m,  will 
often  rise  in  10  or  15  sec.  to  40.  The  beating  of  the  heart  and  of  the 
carotids  is  in  some  persons  very  marked.  The  reddening  of  the  fecc 
sets  in  later  ;  it  usually  takes  from  30  to  40  sees,  before  there  is  much 
flushing.  It  sometimes  causes  a  little  breath  less  ness  and  coughing. 
Now  and  then  it  gives  rise  to  giddiness  ;  and,  in  some,  to  a  feeling  of 
intoxication — girls  who  have  inhaled  it  have  often  complained  that  it 
has  given  them  a  headache.f     (Talfourd  Jomes,  Ibid,^  vii,  214.) 

3-  Pulse  being  66,  and  resp.  20,  I  inhaled  the  drug  strongly  for 
30  sees.  After  a  second  or  two  my  ears  began  to  throb  and  my  head 
seemed  to  swim  round.  In  25  sees.,  pulse  130,  resp,  20,  deep  facial 
flush  with  hammering  at  vertex  ;  then  sensation  seemed  to  travel  hack, 
and  I  felt  throbbing  in  occiput  ;  objects  began  to  look  yellow.  Then 
came  beating  behind  ears.  After  2  m.  all  appreciable  efiict  of  drug 
had  disappeared,  pulse  was  70  and  breathing  24.  An  h.  after,  I  was 
still  conscious  I  had  a  heart,  and  a  bruised  sensation  in  the  brain  had 
been  left  behind.     (Dr.  Edw.  Blake,  Mmthiy  Horn.  Rev.j  xv,  168.) 

4»  J.  N.  B —  inhaled  freely  for  30  sec.  At  end  of  m.  there  was 
precordial  anxiety  ;  accelerated  heart's  action  ;  frontal  humming  ;  hot, 
red  face  ,  desire  to  sigh  convulsively  ^  sensation  of  a  piston  worlting  up 
and  down  in  the  ears  ;  primrose  halo,  even  with  eyes  closed  and  shaded* 
During  3rd.  m.  there  was  bursting  in  forehead  and  vertigo. 

Pulse.  Resp. 

Normal     .     •     •       64     .     .     •     16. 
After  90  sec.       ,     106     ...     20. 


150 


68 


20,— (/^/V.) 


5*  Dr.  MoRRissoN,  in  good  health,  on  March  toth,  at  10,25  P*ni.^ 
entered  room  in  which  amyl  nitrite  had  been  escaping  from  a  jij  phial* 
Odour  in  room  was  pungent.  Effects  were :  increasing  sense  of 
stupefaction,  with  flushing  of  face  and  scalp  ;  sudden  smarting  of  con- 

*  "  SotnetlmcSf  while  the  rest  of  the  surface  glows^  the  hands  and  feet  may  bet'ome 
very  cold,  and  this  condition  of  the  extremities  may  last  many  hours"  (Rikgeh, 
op,  at,}. 

f  ••  It  may  be  proper  to  recall  the  fact  obsen^ed  by  Hoffmann,  that  crude  nitrite 
of  amyl,  as  prcparea  by  action  of  nitrous  acid  an  amylic  alcohol,  contains  hydrocyanic 
acid  ;  thi»  must  of  course  he  rcmovtd  by  caustic  4oda  before  experiments  can  he  tried. 
The  presence  oi  this  impurity  was  probably  the  cause  of  its  discoverer^  Balard^ 
atrrihuting  to  nitrite  of  amyl  the  power  of  producing  violent  headache*  No  svch 
effect  was  experienced  by  the  15  or  lo  students,  of  ages  varying  from  15  to  151  whom 
I  have  induced  to  try  it.*'   (Guthrie,  yoam,  oJChttn.  Soc,^  '859»  P'  »4-^.) 


AMYL  NITROSUM. 


2S7 


junctiva;,  with  injection,  and  dimness  of  vision  as  from  a  film  ^  subacute 
smartings  in  various  places,  shifting  position  rapidly,  most  persistent  in 
eyes,  bases  of  lungs,  and  spine  ;  increasing  dyspnoeaj  with  sneezings, 
coryza,  and  sighing  respiration  i  pulse  (sitting)  68,  small,  feeble.  After 
enduring  increasing  discomforts  for  20  m.,  respiration  became  a  series  of 
gaspings  ;  and  he  left  room.  On  waking  next  m.  pains  returned  in 
renewed  intensity,  with  catarrhal  symptoms,  and  severe  fron to-orbital 
headache.  They  recurred  during  d,,  at  times  accompanied  by  sighing 
respiration  ;  and  were  intensified  by  odour  being  again  inhaled.  Urine 
clear,  acid  j  sp.  gr.  1014,  free  from  albumen  or  phosphates,  light  clouds 
of  an  oxalate,  and  distinct  traces  of  sugar.  Pulse  (sitting)  78 — 84, 
feeble*  On  12th,  during  m*,  dull  aching  in  cervical,  removing  to  sub- 
occipital region,  then  passing  away.  During  e.  smarting  in  eyeballs, 
with  injection.  Urine  clear,  acid  ;  sp.  gr.  1020  ;  trace  of  oxalates,  and 
sugar  in  marked  quantity.  13th.  Symptoms  the  same,  general  lassi- 
tude. I4ih.  Occipito- frontal  headache,  with  achings  in  r,  renal  region  ; 
smartings  of  conjunctiva  ;  urine  same.  1 5th*  Severe  occipito-cervical 
achings,  with  increased  frequency  of  renal  ;  pulse  (sitting)  70,  regular. 
16th — 18th.  Achings  and  conjunctival  smarting  remain,  with  weakness 
of  eyes;  sugar  lessening.  From  this  time  the  achings  and  smartings 
became  occasional  only.  The  sp.  gr.  of  the  urine  fell  ;  but  there  were 
still  traces  of  sugar  in  it  up  to  April  1 8th,  Dr.  Morrisson  adds  that 
many  of  the  subjective  symptoms  returned  on  inhaling  the  i,  dil.  ;  and 
that  the  achings  were  increased  by  fatigue,  and  most  marked  during 
the  c.     (/iiV.,  xxi,  320.) 

6,  Dr.  Aldridge  caused  seven  persons  to  inhale  nit,  of  amyl,  and 
in  every  instance  found  (by  ophthalmoscope)  tint  of  retina  deepened, 
and    arteries    perceptibly   enlarged,      (ff^est   Riding    Asylum    Reports, 

h  950 

7,  In  a  case  described  by  Dr.  Strahan,  a  chronic  maniac,  act.  53, 
had  suffered  for  several  d.  from  severe  lumbago,  A  10  min.  dose  of  a 
10  per  cent,  solution  was  injected  hypodermically.  "  Immediately 
after  the  injection  the  pain  disappeared.  He  got  up  from  the  bed,  and 
was  able  to  stoop  and  touch  the  floor  with  his  fingers.  In,  as  nearly 
as  could  be  guessed,  about  i^  m.,  he  suddenly  became  deadly  pale  and 
sank  back  upon  the  bed,"  Then  his  face,  head  (baJd),  and  neck, 
became  congested,  and  he  was  strongly  convulsed  for  about  \  m.  The 
convulsions  affected  the  face  and  arms  strongly,  the  legs  slightly.  The 
teeth  were  ground,  and  the  breathing  was  suspended.  In  a  few  m., 
after  coming  out  of  this  fit,  he  was  attacked  by  a  second  one,  during 
which  the  heart's  action  become  very  faint.*  He  was  made  to  inhale 
some  chloroform  and  the  fits  did  not  return,       [PractitUnir^  Dec, 

1884,)  :      .    , 

8,  C.  E.  H — .  Immediately  after  inhalation  intense  crushing  pain 
on  head,  gathering  into  a  feeling  of  confusion  threatening  unconscious- 

•  **  I  have  seen  one  case  where  a  woman  immediately  after  a  drop  dose  turned 
deadly  pale,  fch  giddy,  and  then  became  partially  unconscious,  remaining  »o  for 
10  m.  .  ,  .  One  delicate  woman,  after  gtt.  ^,  passed  for  a  few  m.  after  each 
dose  into  a  trance-like  stale,  everything  seeming  to  her  unreal,  and  the  breathing 
becoming  rather  panting*'  (Ringer,  op,  cit,), 

»7 


Ip 


IMYL   NITROSUM, 


ness.  At  same  moment  quicks  somewhat  sharp  throbbing  it  head,  and 
intense  glowing  of  face,  with  general  perspiration,  especially  in  palms, 
where  it  was  quite  visible.  Also  frequently-repeated  sensation  as  if 
scalp  were  jerked  forward  from  occiput  to  verge  of  forehead.  Pulse 
increased  about  12  beats.  Felt  dull  headache  for  about  3  h.,  and  after 
1  h.  had  slight  epistaxis  from  1.  nostril,  a  thing  quite  unusual.  (Dr  C« 
Wess£Lho£Ft's  provings,  N.  EngL  Mid,  Gaz,y  xi,  3S8.) 

9.  L.  A.  P — .  Inhalation  followed  immediately  by  dizziness  and 
nausea  ;  heat  and  redness  of  face  ;  heaviness  and  pressure  outward  in 
forehead  and  temples.  Though  not  warm,  perspiration  started  freely, 
cold  chills  at  same  time  running  down  back.  Great  restlessness  and 
uneasiness  ;  pain  in  head  increased,  accompanied  by  stupid,  drowsy 
sensation,  and  burning  in  stomach  up  to  throat.  Fulness  and  pressure 
m  stomach  with  belching  of  gas ;  oppressed,  difficult  and  rapid  breath- 
ing i  feeling  as  if  of  weight  on  sternum  ;  stitching  pains  in  cardiac  region 
and  feeling  of  constriction  (no  palpitation)  \  griping  pain  in  umbiiic^il 
region  ;  drawing  tensive  pains  in  K  wrist  and  finger-joints  ;  pulsations 
sensible  in  finger-tips  ;  pulse  (from  60)  72jhard  and  fulL  Heavy  head 
and  oppressed  breathing  continued  about  3  h.     [Ibid,) 

10.  W.  R.  B —  inhaled  i,  dil.  three  times,  with  5  m,  between  each 
inhalation.  Head  symptoms  as  usual  \  trembling  sensation  all  over^ 
and  cannot  sit  still  ^\>t  fear  of  something  dreadful  happening  9  pulse  not 
accelerated  but  irregular  ;  sharp  pain  in  region  of  heart;  sense  of  con- 
striction in  throat ;  numb  feeling  in  nasal  bones  (several  h.)     {IbidJ) 

U.  E.  B.  H —  proved  2nd  cent.  dil.  Took  £^tt.j.  In  15  m.  pulse 
10 — 12  beats  quicker.  After  30  m.  gtt.  iij.  In  13  m.  more  hands 
moist,  head  and  body  (especially  abdomen)  felt  warm,  in  30  m*  warmth 
greater  still.  Took  3  drops  more.  Jn  13  m.  slight  blurring  of  letters 
when  reading.  Next  d.  10  drops.  In  5  m.  heat  in  head  and  along 
oesophagus  to  stomach,  lasting  |  h.  After  i  h,  took  20  drops.  In 
10  m.  heat^  chiefly  in  stomach  i  moist  skin  ;  in  16  m.  chill  crept  over 
back  and  sides.  Next  d.  40  drops.  In  12  m.  pulse  rose  20  beats, 
remained  so  for  some  m.,  then  gradually  fell  to  normal  \  very  slight 
pressure  in  head,  increasing  (with  slight  throbbing  in  temple)  up  to 
36  m.,  when  violent  exercise  during  one  m.  produced  dull  headache; 
later,  heat  from  gas  caused  dull  pain  to  extend  from  temple  to  occiput, 
principally  left  sided.  Dull  occipital  pressure  remained  2 — 3  h.  After 
exercise,  more  violent  palpitation  than  usual      (Ibid,) 

12.  H.  E.  R —  proved  same,  1.15  p.m.  Soon  after  gtt.  j,  peculiar 
sensation  in  r.  chest.  2.30,  repeated  dose.  Tingling  sensation  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  body  i  slight  dull  aching  in  r.  chest.  3,  same  dose.  In 
1 0  m.  slight  frontal  headache  j  chest  pain  more  severe,  but  not  constant. 
At  4,  2  drops.  Pain  in  back  of  £yes  on  looking  at  near  objects.  At  4.30 
took  3,  and  at  5  took  4  drops.  Slight  pain  in  r.  temple  ;  general  weak- 
ness felt  about  10,  with  tendency  to  perspire  easily  on  slight  exertion* 
Next  d.  woke  about  5,  with  extremely  dry  and  parched  sensation  in 
mouth  and  throat ;  and  on  rinsing  mouth  noticed  marked  stiffness  and 
dryness  of  lips.     {Ibid.) 

13.  Miss  A.  W.  S —  proved  same.  At  1.30  p.m.  took  i  drop.  In 
S  m.  pain  in  r  occiput  i  sudden  sharp  pain  under  1.  eye  j  face  flushed 


AMYL   NITROSUM. 


and  hot  (last  two  transitory  only).  At  3  another  drop-,  at  5  2  drops, 
and  at  9  repeated  dose,  without  new  symptoms*  Two  d.  later  toolc 
5  drops.  Great  heaviness  of  head  in  front,  head  would  fall  from 
side  to  side ;  overpowering  drowsiness  for  more  than  t  h* ;  severe 
colicky  pains  in  abdomen,  increased  on  lying  down.  At  7.45  p,m, 
repeated  dose*  No  marked  symptoms  at  n.  ;  in  m*  severe  dull  heavy 
pains  across  forehead  ;  pain  and  weakness  in  loins.  On  another  occa- 
sion, after  10  drops,  pulse  fell,  in  25  m,,  from  83  to  63, after  2  h.  rising 
to  73,  and  not   returning  to  first   (its  normal)   rate  for  ad*   more* 

14.  L*  A.  P —  proved  same.  At  7  p.m.  took  3  drops.  Dizziness 
with  slight  nausea,  worse  when  eyes  are  closed ;  dull,  heavy  pressure 
over  eyes  as  if  heavy  weight  were  within*  At  8  repeated  dose.  Painful 
pressure  outward  in  temples,  especially  1.,  with  dull  heavy  aching  in 
occiput  extending  to  nucha  (while  walking)  i  burning  in  stomach  and 
crampy  pain  ;  later,  throbbing  in  temples.  At  10,  same  dose.  Sleep 
restless,  full  of  anxious  dreams  ;  frequent  waking,  with  severe  pain  in 
temples,  and  in  stomach  and  bowels.  Next  d,  vertigo,  headache,  and 
nausea,  on  rising  j  anorexia.  At  9  a.m.  3  drops.  Severe  pain  as 
before,  in  temples,  occiput,  and  over  eyes,  with  burning  in  stomach  ; 
everything  appears  as  if  trembling  and  wavering  ;  aching  in  eyes  when 
in  sunlight,  with  profuse  lachrymation,  followed  by  sneezing  j  drowsi- 
ness ;  crampy  pains  in  umbilical  region  ;  sense  of  oppression  in  chest, 
i specially  in  lower  sternum  ;  drawing  pains  in  L  side  between  7th  and 
9th  ribs,  short  but  fretjuent ;  pulse  quickened,  full  and  hard  ;  skin 
moist,  and  free  perspiration  during  moderate  exercise*     {Ibid.) 

15*  L.  G.  H*  R —  proved  same.  At  145  p.m.  2  drops;  pulse 
^3-  l'5S»  pulse  68  ;  slight  pain  over  both  eyes*  2,5,  dull  pain  in 
occiput^  pulse  65,  not  regular;  slight  heat  in  face.  2.15,  pulse  68  ; 
burning  in  face  j  boring  pain  in  occiput ;  uneasy  feeling  \n  extremities, 
2.25,  face  flushed  and  still  hotter  ;  occipital  pain  continues.  At  3,17 
repeated  dose;  pulse  63,  3.27,  dull  feeling  in  forehead;  beating  of 
arteries  felt  in  fingers  ;  occipital  pain  returned.  3.37,  pulse  70,  and 
irregular  ;  burning  in  face  ;  pain  in  cardiac  region,  extending  round  to 
back.  3.47,  pulse  65  ;  face  and  head  as  before.  4.5,  pain  in  occiput, 
aggravated  by  heat  of  room  and  by  writing  ;  when  forehead  was  painful 
occipital  pain  was  less  severe.  4.30,  after  writing,  pulse  63,  and  quite 
full  ;  heat  of  face  still  sensibly  felt,      {Ibid,) 

16.  H*  P.  C —  proved  same.  This  student  is  described  as  "sensi- 
tive, inclined  to  neuralgia.**  After  doses  of  i  drop,  3  drops,  and  6 
drops  respectively,  a  number  of  slight  and  transitory  pains  occurred  in 
various  parts  of  bod?  ;  but  a  later  dose  of  6  drops  on  same  day  had  no 
effect.  Next  d»  10  drops  produced  no  decided  symptoms,  but  he  was 
restless  after  it.  Four  d.  later  took  15  drops,  after  which  there  was 
slight  oppression  at  fronto-parietal  suture,  then  proceeding  to  frontal 
bone  ;  dimness  of  sight  ;  pulse  accelerated.  After  \  h.  took  20  drops, 
with  no  further  effect;  and  in  |  h.  more  40  drops,  which  simply  made 
him  confused  and  drowsy,     (Ibid,) 

17.  Miss  A,  E.  S —  proved  same.  After  taking,  at  ^  h.  intervals, 
3  drop  doses,  in   to  m*  face  flushed,  in  25  m.  sharp  pain  in  L  calf ; 


26o 


AMYL   NITROSUM, 


slight  griping  in  bowels  ;  feeling  as  though  band  were  drawn  tightly 
about  head  ;  dull  pain  over  eyes.  At  n.  nausea;  dizziness  j  also  con- 
traction of  muscles  in  hypogastrium,  which  felt  hard  on  pressure ; 
rumbling  in  bowels.     {Ihid,) 

1 8,  Miss  M.  M —  proved  same.  After  i  drop  had,  in  succession 
during  }  h.,  slight  discomfort  in  r.  shoulder  ;  decided  dizziness  and 
heaviness  of  head  ;  drowsiness ;  suggestion  of  pain  in  r*  side  of  headi 
burning  of  r*  cheek,  extending  up  into  eye  and  round  to  ear  ;  heat  in 
I.  ear  i  lameness  of  flexors  of  r.  arm.  After  I  h.  all  symptoms  sub- 
sided.    [Ihid,) 

19.  a.  The  subjective  colour-sensations  which  occur  under  the 
influence  of  amyl  nitrite  arc  not  alike  in  all  cases,  as  Schroder  {Ztitich, 
f,  Piychiatrie^  xxxii,  527)  found  in  a  number  of  patients,  but  are  only 
now  and  then  very  distinct,  and  are  not  identical  at  every  inhalation. 
In  their  typical  form  they  consist,  according  to  Pick  {Centralblatt  f^  d. 
mtdic*  IVissemchafun^  1^73»  P*  ^66),  in  the  appearance  of  an  intensely 
yellow  halo  around  any  fixed  point  upon  a  clear  background.  The 
yellow  circle  is  surrounded  by  a  bluish  violet  border.  This  phenomenon 
IS  probably  nothing  more  than  the  projection  of  the  macula  lutea,  and. 
the  btuish-violet  border  its  complementary  colour.  The  patients  treate 
with  nitrite  of  amyl  by  Sander  stated,  of  their  own  accord,  after  i\ 
inhalation,  that  for  some  time  everything  had  seemed  yellow  to  them. 
It  could  not  be  clearly  determined  whether  or  not  this  phenomenon  was 
due  to  the  yellow  colour  of  that  portion  of  the  field  of  vision  which  cor- 
responds to  the  macula  lutea.  The  ycUow  vision  disappears  only  after 
some  m*,  growing  gradually  paler. 

b,  Schroder  also  observed  a  diminution  of  the  clearness  of  sight. 
Patients  who  had  inhaled  nitrite  of  amyl  for  a  considerable  time  were 
unable,  i^g*^  to  see  clearly  the  figures  on  a  large  clock,  which  seemed 
blurred  to  them.  Normal  vision  returned  immediately  after  they 
stopped  using  the  drug. 


f.  After  inhalation   of  d 


fiig> 


and  to  a  certain  extent  as  aji  after- 


effect, Sander  observed  profound  collapse,  which  appeared  suddenly, 
and  was  characterised  by  fainting,  falling  to  the  floor,  pallor  of  face, 
smallness  of  pulse,  and  cold  clammy  perspiration.  Samuelsohn  describes 
a  similar  case,  in  which  a  patient,  while  fully  under  its  influence,  made 
a  few  deep  spasmodic  inspirations,  and  presented  coldness  of  skin,  which 
was  bathed  in  sweat,  and  a  small,  thready,  and  extremely  slow  pulse, 
while  consciousness,  though  weakened,  was  not  entirely  lost.  Urban- 
tschitsch  has  drawn  attention  to  similar  occurrences  {fVttner  Mid, 
Presses  iSjj)* 

d.  BouRNEViLLE  States  that  tremor  of  lips  and  difficult  mastication 
often  follow  inhalation  (Gf/z.  Alcd,  de  Parity  1 876,  No,  13).  Urban- 
tschitsch  noticed  dryness  of  mouth  lasting  from  12  to  24  h.  after  its 
use*  Lalcndorf  {BitL  klin,  JVochemchrtft^  1874,  p.  539)  noticed 
occurrence  of  a  violent  dry  spasmodic  cough  in  a  patient,  on  two  occa- 
sions, during  a  four  weeks*  course  of  nitrite  of  amyl.     A  number  of 

»  **  In  one  or  two  instances  I  have 
(H.  C.  Wood,  ap.  at.). 


known  alarming  prostration  to  supervene  ' 


AMYL   NITROSUM. 


261 


authors  have  reported  distressing  nausea  and   vomiting  as   following 
repeated  inhalations.     (LewiNj  ap,  cit.) 

20.  The  paralysing  effect  on  the  arterial  system  is  well  shown  by 
the  sphygmographic  tracings,  the  flushing  of  the  face,  and  the  increase 
in  the  size  of  visible  arteries  like  the  temporal^  which  often  becomes 
notably  large — sometimes,  indeed,  doubled  in   sixe,  and  branchts  pre- 

r  viously  invisible  become  plainly  apparent ;  also  by  the  interesting  fact 
observed  by  Talfourd  Jones^  who,  while  cupping  a  patient  over  the 
loins,  and  finding  that  blood  would  not  flow,  administered  nitrite  of 
amyl  by  inhalaiion,  when  the  cuts  immediately  began  to  bleed  freely, 
(Ringer,  op,  di,) 

21.  Administering  drug  by   inhalation  to  a  patient  in  status  epi- 
Pticusy  Dr.  Crichton  Browne  found  it  excite  profound  and  repeated 

'yawning,  and  this  effect  was  confirmed  by  observations  on  other 
subjects  in  a  similar  state  of  coma.  Given  to  a  dog  in  this  condition 
(from  convulsions),  animal  beat  ground  with  fore-paws  and  opened  and 
closed  mouth  with  rhythmic  regularity,  "In  all  the  observations  there 
were  movements  of  the  mouth.  These  were  exceedingly  various,  the 
most  common  being  a  short  munching  movement  of  the  lower  jaw, 
which  was  depressed  and  elevated  as  in  the  act  of  chewing.  The  next 
most  common  movement  was  a  smacking  of  the  lips,  as  if  in  the  act  of 
tasting."      [Practithner^  1^83.) 

III.  Experimenti  on  aninwis, —  i,  a.  In  the  lower  animals  the  first 
stage  of  the  action  is  like  that  described  in  man*  After  this  the 
ibreathing  becomes  violently  hurried  and  paniing,  progressive  muscular 
'weakness  and  diminution  of  refiex  activity  ensue,  and  finally  diath  from 
failure  of  respiration,  sensation  and  consciousness  being  preserved  almost 
to  the  last.  Convulsions  are  sometimes  present,  but  in  my  experience 
more  often  the  animal  is  exceedingly  quiet  throughout  the  poisoning. 

b.  Elaborate  experimental  studies  of  the  action  of  the  nitrite  of  amyl 
upon  the  circulation  in  animals  have  been  made  by  Dr.  Lauder  Brunton 
{Journ,  of  Ana  t,  and  Phys.^  v),  by  myself  (yftw^r.  jsurn,  of  Med.  Sciences^ 
July,  1 871),  and  by  Dr.  Amez*Droz  (Arch,  de  Phys.y  Sept,,  1873), 
The  results  are  so  uniform  and  in  such  accord  that  they  must  be 
accepted  as  proven  facts*  Although  the  pulse  is  very  much  increased 
in  frequency  sometimes  from  the  very  beginning,  the  arterial  pressure 
Is  diminished,  and  finally  reduced  almost  to  zero  ;  and  the  fall  of  pres- 
sure occurs  equally  after  section  of  vagi  as  at  other  times.  As  the 
number  of  heart- beats  in  the  uninjured  animal  is  increased  rather  than 
diminished,  whilst  the  strength  of  the  individual  beat  is  not  perceptibly 
lessened,  it  is  evident  that,  at  least  in  the  early  stages  of  the  poisoning, 
the  diminution  of  tension  is  not  cardiac  in  origin,  but  must  be  due  to 
dilatation  of  the  arterioles.  This  conclusion  is  confirmed  by  an  expe- 
riment of  Brunton \  who  found  that  if  the  descending  aorta  was  tied 
high  up  no  perceptible  fall  of  pressure  was  produced  by  inhalation  until 
very  late  in  the  poisoning,  when  the  heart  itself  was  acted  upon  by  the 
drug.  .  .  ,  Is  the  dilatation  centric,  due  to  an  action  on  the  vaso- 
motor nerve-centres,  or  peripheric,  due  to  a  direct  action  on  the  mus- 
cular coat  of  the  arterioles  ?  It  must  be  peripheric,  it  cannot  be  centric, 
since,  according  to  the  experiments  of  Brunton  and  myself,  it  occurs 


262 


AMYL   NITROSUM. 


when,  by  division  of  the  cord,  the  arterioles  are  separated  from  the 
raso-motor  centres.*  It  must  be  due  to  a  direct  paralysing  action  of 
be  drug  upon  the  coats  of  the  arterioles,  a  conclusion  confirmed  by  our 
knowledge  of  the  local  action  of  the  nitrite  upon  muscular  tissue. 
In  the  latter  stages  of  the  poisoning  another  factor  enters  into  the 
causes  of  lessened  blood -pressure,  the  heart's  force  itself  becoming 
Llargely  extinguished  by  a  direct  action  of  the  poison  on  the  muscle. 

c.  I  have  found  that  the  diminution  of  reflex  activity  and  of  volun- 
tary motion  which  undoubtedly  occurs  in  toxaemia  from  this  agent 
is  chiefly  spinal  in  its  origin,  since  after  death  the  nerves  and  muscles 
preserve,  though  in  an  impaired  condition,  their  functional  power. 
Over  the  sensory  centres  it  has  but  little  influence. 

d,  A  very  interesting  phenomenon  of  nitrite  of  amyl  poisonings 
discovered  by  Dr,  F,  A,  Hofl^mann,  is  the  appearance  of  sugar  in  the 
urine*  He  found  {ReUhert's  Anhivy  1872,  p.  747)  that  in  the  rabbit 
a  hypodermic  injection  of  0*1 1 1  to  c  r  13  gramme  of  the  drug  is  enough 
to  cause  glycosuria.  If  twice  the  amount  be  used  the  sugar  becomes 
very  abundant,  and  continues  to  be  present  from  12 — 30  h.  Therewith 
is  a  great  increase  in  the  amount  of  the  urine.t 

If.  Nitrite  of  amyl,  in  whatever  way  exhibited,  most  remarkably 
reduces  animal  temperature.  This  occurs  even  after  death  in  those 
cases  in  which  post-mortem  rise  or  continuance  of  high  temperature 
normally  takes  place.  I  have  also  experimentally  determined  that  it  is 
associated  with  diminished  excretion  of  carbonic  acid,  it  must  there- 
fore be  due  to  a  direct  arrest  or  check  of  tissue  changes,  or  of  oxidation 
within  or  without  the  blood.  The  vapours  of  the  nitrite  have  a  very 
marked  influence  over  oxidation  outside  the  body,  as  is  shown  by  many 
facts,  among  others  the  extinguishment  of  glowing  phosphorus  by  a  few 
drops  of  the  amyl  salt  diffused  through  the  jar.  It  cannot  be  doubted 
that  within  the  economy  the  same  thing  occurs. 

y*.  When  an  animal  inhales  the  nitrite  of  amyl,  the  arterial  and 
venous  blood  soon  becomes  of  a  nearly  uniform  hue,  a  chocolate  tint. 
Dr.  Arthur  Gamgee  (PhiL  Trans,^  1868,  p.  589)  has  found  that  the 
nitrite  makes  with  the  oxyhemoglobin  a  compound  which  has  no  power 
of  absorbing  oxygen.     (H.  C.  Wood,  Theraptutici^  sub  voce.) 

2,  Lauder  Brunton  finds  that  when  vapour  of  nitrite  of  amyl  is 
passed  directly  into  trachea  of  rabbit,  blood  pressure  immediately  sinks 
very  much,  but  pulse-rate,  which  is  naturally  quick,  remains  unchanged. 
In  dogs,  where  pulse  is  slow,  inhalation  produces  comparatively  little 

•  **  Recent  experiments  of  Nussbaum,  if  correct,  »how  that  in  the  frog,  and  there, 
fore  probably  in  other  animals,  the  vaso-motar  centre  1%  not  situated  solely  in  the 
medulla,  but  extends  the  whole  length  ot  the  spinal  cord  j  for  after  iti  section  below 
the  medulla,  time  bein^  allowed  for  the  animal  to  recover  from  the  shock  of  the 
operation,  irritation  ot  a  sensor)'  nen'e  will  cause  contraction  of  the  arteries.  If 
Nubsbaum's  observations  arc  confirmed  they  would  seem  to  show  that  nitrite  of  amyl 
may  act  through  an  infiuencc  on  the  vasomotor  centre  "  (Ringer,  Therap.,  sub  voce). 

f  "  It  has  been  experimentally  ^hown  that  diabetes  is  produced  by  dividing  the 
sympathetic  ner\'e  of  the  liver,  and  thereby  causing  dilatation  of  the  hepatic  vcjseU^ 
so  increasing  the  quantity  of  blood  passing  through  the  liver.  Prob:ibly  nitrite  of 
amyl  acts  by  its  influence  over  the  vaso.motor  ncrvesi  increasing  the  quantity  of 
blood  passing  rh rough  the  liver  '*  {Bui,), 


ANACARDIUM.  263 

effect  on  blood  pressure  j  but  pulse  becomes  remarkably  quick.  If  vagi 

be  first  divided,  so  as  to  quicken   pulse,   pressure  falls  as   in  rabbit. 
{Journ.  of  Anatn  and  Phys,^  v,  92.) 


ANACARDIUM. 

Semtcarpus  Anacardium^  L,  (jI.  oritntaU).    Marking-nut.     Nat.  Ord.,  AnacarSacim* 

1.  Prcvings, — J.  Hahnemann,  Chronic  Diseans^Pzrt  I  of  original, 
VoK  of  English  translation.  Contains  622  symptoms  from  Hahne- 
mann and  seven  others, 

2.  Dr.  Herring,  ^t.  53,  nervous  health  good,  took,  April  27th 
and  28th,  4  doses  of  l,  trit.,  gr  j  each.  On  29th,  feeling  even  better 
than  usual,  took  3  doses  of  gr,  ij  each.  On  30th,  3  doses  of  gr.  iij 
each.  May  1st, — Night  more  dreamful  than  usual;  some  frontal 
headache.  This  m.  took  3  doses  of  gr,  tv  each,  and.^ — Disinclined  to  ] 
read  this  m,,  listless  ;  some  intermitting  neuralgic  pain  on  flexor  aspect 
of  r.  thumb.  No  med.  3rd. — Dreamful  sleep  and  pain  in  thumb  as 
before.  No  med.  4th, — Took  3  doses  of  gr.  v  each.  5th. — ^Activity 
of  brain  during  sleep,  slight  headache,  indisposition  for  mental  exertion  ; 
also  some  uneasiness  of  heart,  pulse  normal.  Took  3  doses  of  gr,  vj  each. 
At  4  p.m,  soreness  of  scalp.  Neuralgia  in  thumb  continues,  especially 
when  pressed.  6th. — Troubled  dreams  last  n. ;  in  m.,  heaviness  and 
disinclination  to  rise  ;  more  neuralgic  twitches  in  thumb  and  once  in 
little  finger  ;  discomfort  about  heart.  At  11,30  a.m.,  neuralgia  in  r. 
temple,  and  at  7  p.m.  same  in  1.  calf  Cardiac  oppression  continued 
during  d.  ;  heart  felt  weak,  as  if  working  too  slowly  ;  pulse  64  ;  some 
irritability  of  bladder.  Took  3  doses  of  gr.  vij  each,  **  7th. — The 
worst  night  I  have  had,  from  disturbing  dreams,  which  were  of  a  gloomy 
desponding  nature.  I  should  call  them  nightmare,  for  there  was  no 
sense  of  personal  danger ;  but  there  was  an  oppressive  notion  that 
everything  one  did  would  end  in  vanity  and  vexation,  and  that  nothing 
could  extricate  me  from  impending  poverty.  By  1 1,30  a.m., oppression 
of  spirits  was  almost  gone,  but  there  was  still  a  feeling  of  irresolution, 
awkwardness,  and  querulousness.  Very  drowsy  j  could  not  read,^'  No 
more  med.  Symptoms  now  abated  ;  but  up  to  !  ith  neuralgic  twinges 
in  extremities  continued  to  trouble  him,  and  brain  continued  morbidly 
active  during  sleep  till  n,  of  9th,   {Monthly  Horn,  Revie%v^  July  i,  1885.) 

3. — a.  Louisa  R — ,  on  May  5th,  took  gr,  ix  of  same,  in  2  doses, 
and  on  6th  three  doses  of  gr.  vj  each.  At  n,  disagreeable  dreams,  and 
next  d.  unusual  activity  and  impatience. 

b.  On  27th,  took  3  ten-drop  doses  of  tincture.  On  28th,  no 
symptoms  ;  took  3  doses  of  gtt.  xx  each.  At  9  p.m.,  complained  of 
incessant  irritation  of  skin,  which  she  described  as  '*  furious."  It  lasted 
till  she  went  to  sleep,  extending  even  to  toes.  Took  no  more  med., 
but  had  return  of  irritation  now  and  then  next  d.,  and  for  4  following 
nights.     No  nervous  symptoms  were  produced  this  time.     {Ibid,) 

4,  According   to  Dr.  Sttideler,  there  ts  found  in   the  cellular  inter* 


364 


ANACARDIUM. 


I 


Spaces  of  the  fruit  of  the  sinac.  orient.,  a  balsam  Jike  fluids  consisting  of 
a  fatty  acid  and  a  chemically  indifferent  substance  called  cardol,  an 
oleaginous  substance,  of  vesicating  power.  Frcnchs  has  frequently 
used  the  ethereal  extract  of  cardol  as  a  vesicant.  Painted  with  a  camel- 
hair  brush  on  the  sound  skin,  it  dries  in  rapidly  ;  and  in  a  kw  m. 
causes  a  slight  burning  and  itching,  gradually  followed  by  redness 
and  swelling.  In  about  12  h,  epidermis  rises  in  form  of  wheals,  firm 
and  solid,  like  those  of  urticaria  tuberosa.  In  course  of  time  this 
exudation  is  saturated  and  softened  by  an  effusion  of  serum,  and  breaJcs 
down  into  a  sero-purulent  fluid,  converting  wheals  into  vesicles,  at  first 
pea-like  and  flat,  but  soon  coalescing  to  form  large  flat  bullae,  which 
open  and  discharge  a  turbid  purulent  fluid.  Cuticle  then  falls  off, 
leaving  exposed  cutis  swollen  and  congested,  suppurating  profusely* 
If  protected,  spot  may  skin  over  in  10^ — 12  d.  more  j  but  on  friction 
&c,,  fresh  exudations,  and  even  inflammatory  action,  will  occur  at 
edges  of  sore.      {Deutsche  Klin,^  '852,  229.) 

5,  On  m.  of  Feb.  16th,  Dr.  Reil  rubbed  on  back  of  hand  (space 
size  of  a  sixpence)  a  small  quantity  of  the  brown  slimy  fluid  contained 
between  the  shell  and  kernel  of  an  anacardium  bean.  In  e.,  skin  was 
slightly  reddened.  On  17th,  1 8th,  and  igth^  nothing  was  noticed, 
only  the  redness  appeared  to  increase  in  the  warmth,  and  the  skin 
became  shrivelled  somewhat.  On  the  20th,  21st,  and  22nd  itching  was 
felt,  the  place  that  had  been  rubbed  with  the  juice  was  elevated  above 
the  level  of  the  rest  of  the  skin,  the  skin,  which  was  black  in  the 
furrows,  seemed  as  though  it  would  burst.  The  itching  increased  and 
the  epidermis  desquamated  in  small  pieces,  but  the  new  skin  beneath 
it  was  not  smooth,  but  uneven  and  shining.  On  the  27th,  the  whole 
place  was  clear  of  the  old  epidermis,  and  presented  the  appearance  of 
an  inflamed  cutaneous  surface  covered  with  small  miliary  pustules,  the 
itching  was  considerable, especially  during  the  n.,  and  in  the  heat  ;  the 
elevation  of  the  circumscribed  spot  as  of  the  surrounding  skin  was 
increased,  and  was  from  \  to  \  a  line  high.  Each  pustule  exuded  from 
its  apex  a  fluid  which  dried  into  a  thin  yellow  crust.  In  the  night  of  the 
27th  the  itching  was  quite  intolerable,  and  he  must  have  scratched  while 
asleep,  for  the  exudation  next  morning  was  greater,  and  round  about 
the  place  the  skin  was  studded  with  red  inflamed  spots,  the  whole  back 
of  the  hand  was  swollen  and  hot.  On  rst  March  the  state  was  the  same, 
only  that  by  the  friction  of  the  glove  apparently  the  small  spots  sur- 
rounding the  prmcipal  place  swelled  for  some  hours  up  into  wheals, 
then  disappeared ;  itching  considerable.  On  the  2nd  and  jrd,  the 
burning  was  less,  as  also  the  exudation  and  crust  formation.  The 
whole  place  had  the  appearance  of  a  hypertrophy  of  the  skin,  the 
surrounding  red  spots  only  became  more  distinct  by  scratching.  On 
the  3rd,  e.,  there  was  desquamation  j  during  the  following  davs  this 
went  from  the  periphery  to  the  centre,  and  was  repeated  severaf  times 
till  the  7th  i  but  in  proportion  as  the  spot  on  which  the  juice  had  been 
rubbed  became  regenerated,  the  surrounding  inflammation  increased^ 
producing  a  surface  covered  with  papules  and  wheals,  which  did  not 
exude,  but  on  the  slightest  irritation  became  bright  red  and  as  if 
indurated,  so  that  the  movement  of  the  wrist,  over  which  towards  the 


ANACARDIUM. 


265 


forearm  the  wheals  extended,  was  hindered  by  the  formation  of  thick 
folds.  During  the  subsequent  days  a  bran-like  desquamation  occurred 
here  also,  which  nearly  ceased  by  the  nth,  when  the  natural  appear- 
ance of  the  skin  was  almost  quite  restored,     (Reil,  Z./.  h,  K,^  ii^  44.) 

IL  Poisonings, —  I,  a,  A  woman^  who  had  long  suffered  from  chronic 
rheumatism  of  the  thigh,  hun-g  a  fruit  of  anac.  or,  through  which  she 
had  bored  a  hole,  on  the  affected  limb*  There  occurred  a  bright 
scarlet- red  eruption  over  the  whole  body,  especially  on  the  affected 
thigh  and  abdomen,  and  such  swelling  of  those  parts  that  the  patient 
looked  like  a  barrel.  The  upper  part  of  the  thigh  had  a  circumference 
of  three  feet,  slightly  diminishing  towards  the  knee,  but  increasing  in 
an  extraordinary  degree  in  the  calf.  The  skin  of  the  abdomen  to 
above  the  navel  was  very  considerably  swollen  and  inflamed.  At  the 
same  time  there  were  the  most  severe  burning  pains  and  violent  fever. 
From  laying  the  diseased  upon  the  healthy  thigh  the  inflammation  was 
transmitted  to  the  latter,  though  in  less  degree.  Patient  was  well  in 
five  weeks. 

b,  A  confectioner  applied  the  same  remedy  for  lumbago.  The 
same  symptoms  occurred  as  in  the  above,  only  not  lasting  so  long. 

In  both  cases  great  desquamation  of  the  cuticle  occurred  when  they 
were  getting  better.  {Med.  drttn  Ztg,^  48,  p.  852,  quoted  in  Z,  /• 
LK.,  1,117.) 

2.  a.  A  very  corpulent  gentleman,  aet,  50,  otherwise  quite  well, 
only  subject  to  periodical  lumbago  and  rheumatic  toothache,  wore  an 
anacardium  nut  suspended  from  his  neck  by  a  string  passed  through 
a  hole  bored  in  it.  In  8  d.  there  came  an  itching  on  the  chest,  aggra* 
vated  by  warmth  and  exercise,  and  compelling  constant  scratching  ;  a  few 
days  later  the  itching  spread  over  the  abdomen  and  axilla;.  It  was 
attended  by  an  eruption  of  numerous  larger  and  smailer  red,  inflamed, 
and  elevated  wheals.  He  still  continued  to  wear  the  bean.  The 
itching  increased,  was  disagreeable  by  d*  and  kept  him  awake  at  n.,  he 
got  feverish,  lost  his  appetite,  and  was  constipated.  When  examined 
his  chest,  axillae,  upper  arms,  belly,  scrotum,  and  thighs,  were  not  only 
found  to  be  covered  by  wheals  exuding  a  viscid  yellowish  fluid,  but 
some  of  them  had  turned  into  warty  excrescences  with  thickened 
epidermis.  All  the  intermediate  skin  was  of  an  erythematous  redness, 
and  the  itching  frightful  ;  scratching  brought  no  relief,  on  the  contrary, 
increase  of  pains  and  of  the  discharge,  so  that  many  places  were 
covered  with  yellow  crusts.  He  was  washed  with  lukewarm  oatmeal 
gruel  and  soap  baths.  The  inflammatory  symptoms  went  off  in  8  d> 
and  desquamation  ensued**     C^'f'  ^*  ^^*>  i^  440 

3.  K.  Kiinzel  on  the  15th  Dec*  was  engaged  in  preparing  a  tinc- 
ture of  anacardium.  He  pounded  the  seeds  in  a  mortar,  and  as  they 
were  fresh  and  juicy  the  juice  several  time  spirted  into  his  face.  This 
he  took  no  notice  of,  as  he  did  not  know  the  powerful  action  of  these 
seeds.  In  the  e,  there  occurred  violent  burning  on  chin,  and  later 
small  vesicles,  which  when  rubbed  exuded  a  quantity  of  fluid.  Next 
m,  the  I,  jide  of  the  face  was  much  swollen,  and  covered  with  a 
quantity  of  small  pockJike  vesicles,       i    dr,   of  camphor   i    had    no 

♦  For  similar  cases  see  Brit,  Joum,  Mom.,  xxxiiij  546^  and  Lewin^  op.  cit,,  p.  124, 


266 


ANACARDIUM. 


particular  effect.  In  the  forenoon  violent  burning,  whicK  went  afF 
by  e.  after  2  dr.  of  rhus  2.  At  n.  slept  well,  but  next  m.  the 
swelling  was  much  greater  ;  not  only  was  the  1.  eyelid  quite  swelled 
up,  but  small  vesicles  appeared  on  the  backs  of  both  hands.  About 
noon  the  swelling  of  the  eyelid  abated  somewhat,  and  some  of  the 
vesicles  burst  and  discharged  a  yellowish  transparent  fluid  which 
hardened  in  the  air  to  a  transparent  yellow  mass,  Towards  e,  the 
burning  increased.  The  3rd  d.  no  change  was  perceptible.  The 
swelling  had  fallen  more  and  more  to  the  lower  part  of  the  cheek.  On 
the  4th  d.  the  disease  underwent  a  change  ;  instead  of  the  burning  a 
very  painful  itching  came  on  combined  with  a  shooting  sensation  lilte  a 
gnat  bite  ;  then  weariness  which  had  shown  itself  the  first  d,  went  off. 
Could  not  sleep  at  n.  for  itching  ^  there  was  also  toothache  on  L  side, 
which  recurred  several  times  next  d.  The  following  days  until  the  a4th 
the  swelling  still  declined,  and  the  face  healed  up  in  some  places.  The 
itching  still  remained,  especially  on  going  to  bed  at  night.  On  the 
15th  the  swelling  was  completely  gone  from  the  face  ;  there  were  still 
some  sore  places,  which  gradually  healed  up.  The  hands  were  harder 
to  cure  ;  the  coldness  of  the  weather  no  doubt  delayed  the  healing  up, 
and  the  scabs  were  frequently  knocked  off,  so  that  on  the  29th  there 
still  remained  some  unhealed  spots.  (Communicated  by  Dr.  Trinks, 
Z.f.  h.  K.,  ii,  131.) 

4,  A  boy,  a?t.  13,  painted  figure  of  anchor  on  1.  arm  with  juice  of 
marking  nut.  In  a  week  arm  became  red,  and  a  number  of  small 
pimples  appeared.  In  n.  face  became  swollen  and  red,  as  also  abdomen 
and  thighs,  on  which  arm  had  rested.  When  seen  next  d.,  arm  and 
hand  bright  red  and  swollen,  as  in  erysipelas.  Painted  spot  was 
abraded  j  over  rest  of  forearm  many  vesicles  of  various  sizes  and 
shapes,  with  minute  pustules.  Arm  did  not  pit  on  slight  pressure, 
but  colour  readily  disappeared  for  the  time.  On  back  of  r.  hand 
and  in  front  of  wrist,  also  on  r,  cheek,  a  few  raised  red  spots, 
sharply  defined,  surmounted  by  minute  white  pustules.  Redness  and 
swelling  of  face  were  chiefly  about  eyes,  1,  eye  being  quite  closed.  On 
chin  a  yellow  crust  resembling  that  of  eczema.  On  inner  side  of  each 
thigh  at  upper  part  was  a  large  red  ill-defined  patch,  with  one  or  two 
transparent  vesicles  :  on  lower  abdomen  a  few  spots  as  on  r,  band. 
Eruption  caused  considerable  itching.  (F.  Taylor,  Med*  Tima  and 
Gaz.,  1875,  ii,  519.) 

5.  A.  B — ,  aet.  28,  while  extracting  juice  of  bean  let  some  of  it  get 
into  crack  on  1.  wrist  (Dec.  10th).  After  12  h.  wound  itched,  and 
scratching  increased  irritation.  In  a/ternoon  of  next  d,  vesicles 
appeared  round  wound,  and  higher  up  arm  towards  elbow.  Skin 
became  deep  red,  hot,  and  swollen,  to  above  elbow*  At  first  not 
much  itching,  but  on  2nd  d.  this  was  considerable^  and  so  much  worse 
at  n.  as  to  hinder  sleep.  On  e.  of  12th  scrotum  became  inflamed, 
without  vesication  ;  also  face,  eyelids  and  upper  r,  cheek  presenting 
erysipelatous  appearance,  and  feeling  hot,  stift',  and  burning.  There 
was  also  a  red  patch  at  bend  of  r.  arm,  and  on  r.  hand*  Br.  Yeldham 
saw  him  on  m.  of  13th.  He  looked  ill,  worn,  and  languid  (probably 
from  want  of  sleep)  ;  expressed  himself  as  feeling  depressed  and  irri- 


ANGUSTURA.  267 

table,  disinclined  to  move,  and  impatient  of  the  play  of  his  children, 
which  usually  afforded  him  pleasure.  He  also  complained  of  confusion 
of  head  and  memory.  If  he  laid  a  thing  down  he  forgot  where  he  placed 
it,  &c.  On  waking  after  ^  h.  sleep  that  m.  every  object  appeared  a 
long  way  off.  This  lasted  about  i  h.,  and  did  not  recur.  There  was 
loss  of  appetite  and  some  thirst ;  pulse  somewhat  accelerated,  but  weak  ; 
skin  cool.  Two  d.  later  (though  rhus  1^  had  been  taken)  arm  was 
more  swollen  and  tense,  redness  deeper  and  more  uniformly  diffused  ; 
colour  disappearing  on  pressure,  and  returning  directly  this  is  removed. 
Face  and  scrotum  better.  During  next  2  d.  (under  bell.  0)  rapid 
improvement  occurred,  and  on  1 7th  hardly  anything  remained.  (  Yeld- 
HAM,  Month.  Horn.  Rev.^  xx,  95.) 


ANGUSTURA. 

Galipea  Cusparioy  St.  Hil.     Cusparia  bark.     Nat.  Ord.,  Rutacere, 

I.  Provmgs,  I.  Hahnemann,  Mat,  Med.  Pura,  vol.  vi  of  original,  vol.  i  ot 
English  version.     Contains  Z99  symptoms  from  self  and  8  associates. 

a.  nth  March,  8  a.m.,  took  5  drops  of  tinct.  Drawing  in  nape.  Aching  in 
temples  and  sinciput.  Aching  in  wrists.  9  a.m.,  great  coldness  in  back  with  icy- 
cold  hands  and  finders,  frequent  aching  in  temples,  drawing  in  elbows  and  toes, 
violent  shooting  on  inside  of  1.  foot,  spreading  over  internal  ankle  upwards.  Prick- 
ling in  r.  toes,  and  the  same  violent,  shooting  pains  on  inner  side  of  r.  foot  spreading 
up  towards  leg.  The  coldness  with  the  alternating  pains  lasts  longer  than  A  h. 
4  p.m.,  5  drops.  Shooting  in  calves.  Aching  in  elbows.  Pressure  in  sinciput. 
When  sitting  oruised  pain  in  knees,  later  the  same  in  arms.  Drawing  in  fingers. 
Several  times  strong  pressure  from  sternum  to  r.  as  with  a  blunt  body.  At  5  p.m., 
several  times  pressure  in  r.  jaw ;  later  this  same  pressure  in  sternum  to  1.  several 
times  repeated.  Frequent  micturition,  much  urine,  almost  as  clear  as  water.— 12th, 
8  a.m.,  5  drops.  Pressure  in  knees.  Drawing  in  forehead  and  pressure  in  temples. 
^  a.m.,  chilliness  over  back  j  cold  hands  and  feet.  Pressure  in  shoulders,  toes,  and 
feet.  Shooting  in  ears,  shooting  in  r.  half  of  thorax,  pain  of  weariness  in  knees, 
drawing  in  fingers.  10  a.m.,  when  walking,  a  peculiar  feeling  of  lightness  and  com- 
fort in  chest.  Shooting  in  I.  half  of  chest  and  shin  bones  when  walking.  Bniiscd 
pain  in  arms  and  legs.  Aching  and  drawing  in  feet. — 13th,  8  a.m.,  10  drops. 
rressure  in  temples,  feet,  jaw,  arms,  several  times,  as  with  a  blunt  body,  especially 
severe  in  sides  of  forehead  and  on  dorsum  of  foot.  8.30  a.m.,  great  coldness  in  back, 
icy.cold  hands  and  fingers,  pressure  and  drawing  in  sides,  pressure  in  forehead,  weari- 
ness in  knees,  drawing  in  oack ;  all  lasting  longer  than  i  h.  Duiing  d.  some  of 
above  symptoms. — 14th,  8  a.m.,  10  drops.  Drawing  in  ankle-joints,  head,  and 
fineers.  8.30  a.m.,  coldness  in  back,  colcf  hands  and  fingers;  aching  in  shoulders 
and  tibiae  for  i  h.  Later,  when  walking,  drawing  and  aching  in  all  joints.  4  p.m., 
10  drops.  Boring  temples  and  sides  of  head.  Pressure  in  shoulders  and  knees. 
4.30,  coldness  in  back,  cold  hands  and  feet,  drawing  in  forehead,  shooting  in  r. 
thoracic  wall  and  in  feet.  Much  scraping  in  larynx  and  short  cough,  which  came 
yesterday  also.  No  symptoms  observed  any  night. — 15th,  8  a.m.,  1 5  drops.  Drawing 
and  achmg  in  head,  chest,  shoulders,  feet.  8.30  a.m.,  coldness  in  back,  cold  fingers 
and  hands,  pressure  in  arms.  The  cold  lasts  J  h.  or  more.  Later,  when  walkmg, 
some  of  above  pains.  Between  12  and  i  p.m.,  great  and  repeated  aching  in  forehead 
and  temples.  Later,  very  frequent  severe  aching  pains  in  sinciput,  with  feeling  of 
weight,  neat,  continued.  Drawing  and  aching  in  hands  and  fingers.  4  p.m.  The 
pains  were  repeated  later.  Night  good. —  16th.  After  rising,  drawing,  aching  pains 
m  feet,  in  muscles  of  thighs,  in  muscles  of  arms,  in  knees,  in  edge  of  feet,  in  cranial 
bones.    Frequent  diy  cough.     8  a.m.,  15  drops.     Pressure  on  sides  ot  head,  drawing 


26H 


ANGUSTURA. 


In  r.  facial  muscles*  Frequent  drawing  in  feet,  especimlly  outer  edge  of  foot. 
Drawing  in  loes.  fimited  pain  in  knees.  Drawing  on  sides  oi  occiput.  3.30, 
ooldne&i  in  back,  cold  hands  for  ^  h.  Above  pains  recur  later.  Strong  pressing  in 
r.  foot.  Since  4  d.  much  itching  on  skin  on  various  parts  of  body,  scratching  doc« 
not  allay  it  much.  Great  pressure  above  r.  eye  and  deep  tn  r,  orbit.  Later,  fre<]aeni 
rigor  over  back  and  cold  hands.  During  d.  much  call  to  urinate,  much  dear  urine. 
Great  pain  in  elbow?*  as  if  bruised.  Frequent  drawing  in  occiput^  in  sides  of  head, 
in  fingers,  in  shoulders,  and  wrists,  shooting  deep  in  r,  ear,  6  p.m. —  17th,  8  a.m.,  15 
drops.  Before  taking  the  medicine  there  was  drawing  in  the  sides  of  the  head. 
Then  drawing  in  legs  and  feet  several  times.  Pressure  in  shoulders  and  knees. 
Great  aching  in  fingers,  hands,  muscles  of  arm.  Aching  pains  in  muscles  of  ihtgh. 
Shooting  in  skin  over  tibiae.  All  these  symptoms  recur.  Severe  boring  in  ankle- 
joints  and  feet^  frequent  aching  in  head.  S.30  a.m. ,  coldness  In  back,  cold  hands; 
during  the  coldness  and  afterwards  the  above  pains;  drawing  in  facial  muscles. 
During  d.  same  pains,  very  severe  in  forehead,  tibise,  feet,  and  hands  j  shooting  in  r. 
tacial  muscles  f  snooting  in  1.  zygoma.  After  6  p.m.,  no  more  symptoms.  Stool 
harder  than  usual, — i8th,  S  am^  20  drops.  Soon,  drawing  in  rocs,  pressure  in  feet, 
ankles,  legs,  and  shoulders.  Drawing  in  head,  bands  and  fingers.  Aching  in  knees. 
Boring  and  pressure  in  crovvn.  Aching  and  drawing  in  muscles  of  arms.  Shooting 
and  drawing  in  L  shoulder.  Wandering  pains  in  back.  Severe  shooting  in  soles. 
Drawing  pains  in  pectoral  muscles.  Aching  at  both  sides  of  head.  All  these  sym- 
ptoms recur.  S.jo  a.m.^  coldness  in  back,  cold  bands  and  fingers,  shooting  and 
aching  in  calves,  drawing  in  legs,  aching  in  forehead,  drawing  at  sides  of  tendo- 
Achiflis,  drawing  in  lower  jaw,  shooting  in  toes,  prickling  in  facial  muscles,  aching 
in  knees  and  thighs.  The  coldness  and  accompanying  symptoms  lasted  about  J  h. 
After  cessation  of  coldness,  the  pain  still  continued,  was  sometimes  very  severe  when 
walking,  as  frequently  so  as  when  sitting,  but  the  parts  in  movement  seemed  to  be  lets 
affected  than  those  at  rest.  Shooting  in  r.  eyelids,  4  p.m.  Shooting  in  tip  of  tongue 
several  times.  Frequent  aching  in  muscles  of  arms,  in  knees,  ankles,  legs.  Pressure 
and  boring  in  several  places  of  head,  in  forehead,  pectoral  muscles  and  dorsal  muscles^ 
After  6  p.m.,  severe  aching  pains  in  muscles  ot  arms,  in  elbows,  knees,  fingers. 
Aching  sometimes  severe  in  tacial  bones^  especially  zygomata.  Achipg  in  forehead 
lind  temples.  8  p.m.,  aching  in  wrists  and  fingers. — 19th,  8  a.m.  Aching  pains  in 
wrists,  feet,  knees,  muscles  of  arms.  During  d.  aching  and  drawing  in  feet,  wrists, 
thighs;  aching  often  particularly  severe  in  tofebead  and  sides  of  head,  coming  sud* 
denly  and  lasting  several  minutes. — 20th.  Some  of  the  previous  pains  in  the  wrists, 
knees,  and  head,  more  observed  when  sitting  than  when  walking.  Sometimes  very 
severe  boring  in  forehead  and  sides  of  heaX  Bruised  pain  in  knees.  Pressure  in 
insteps  and  in  toes.  Aching,  often  very  severe^  in  wrists.  All  these  symptoms  recur 
frequently,  7.30  a.m.»  %o  drops.  Drawing  in  feet,  shouldcnt,  arms,  and  muscles. 
Aching  m  head,  toes.  Drawing  in  sides  of  tendo-Achillis,  in  calves.  Aching  in 
ankle-joints  and  shoulders.  S.30  a.m.,  coldness  in  back,  cold  hands,  drawling  in 
tacial  muscles  and  the  former  pains  in  joints.  Coldness  lasts  4  h.  During  d.  the 
formerly -described  pains  appear,  worse  and  more  frequently  when  sitting  than  when 
walking.^aist,  m.  Pressure  in  shoulders,  knees,  wrists.  Drawing  in  face.  ^.)0  p.m., 
lo  drops.  After  an  increase  of  the  pains,  viz.  severe  aching  in  forehead,  in  various 
parts  of  head,  in  feet,  in  legs,  in  toes,  there  came  on,  at  4.4.5  p.m.,  coldness  in  back 
and  limbs,  accompanied  by  the  former  symptoms.  Aching  pains  tn  nuchal  and 
dorsal  mnscks.  The  coldness  lasted  ^  h.  Afterwards  occurred  the  symptoms  already 
known,  declining  tn  the  evening,-^ 22nd,  S  am,,  30  drops.  The  well-known  sym- 
ptoms recur,  especially  severe  boring  in  temples  and  forehead,  in  feet,  ankle-joints, 
wrists,  masscter  muscles,  arm  muscles,  8.30  a.m.,  coldness  in  back  and  limbs  as 
before  with  accompanying  symptoms.  Severe  aching  pains  in  muscles  of  legs. 
Severe  bruised  pains  in  legs  lasting  several  hours.  Durmg  all  the  proving  had  a 
daily  stool  which  was  hard,  contrary'  to  what  was  usual. — 13rd.  Some  of  the  pains 
in  arms  and  legs  reappeared. — 24tn.  Aching  in  wrists  and  ankles,  fingers,  knees, 
toes.  Pressure  in  forehead  and  sides  of  head,  sometimes  very  severe,  lasting  some  m. 
Drawing  in  toes.  Aching  in  arm  muscles,  often  very  severe.  Aching  and  drawing 
in  face  and  behind  ears  often  very  severe.  Severe  aching  in  leg  muscles. — »5th. 
Aching  in  ankle-joints.  Drawing  in  facial  and  dorsal  muscles.  Aching  in  shoulders 
and  elbows, — 36th.     Same  symptoms,  especially  much  pressure  in  forehead  and  tides 


ANTHEMIS  NOBILIS.  269 

of  head. — 27th.  Same  symptoms,  especially  severe  pressure  in  sides  of  head.  A  hard 
stool  every  day. — a 8th.  As  yesterday.  The  following  days  some  of  the  former 
symptoms  reappeared.  Ever  smce  the  proving,  a  month  ago,  has  diily  one  hard  stool, 
tnough  formerly  habitually  loose.     (Lembke,  N.  Z./.  A,  K.,  xvii,  75.) 


ANTHEMIS  NOBILIS. 

Anthemis  nobilis,  L.     Roman  Chamomile.    Nat  Ord.,  Composite, 

1.  Pr<nHngs. — i.  Mr.  — ,  aet.  16,  in  good  health,  bowels  act  daily,  but  stools  are 
hard,  lumpy,  and  difficult. 

a.  Jan.  4th. — At  6  p.m.  took  8  drops  of  a  tincture  prepared  by  maceration  from 
whole  plant.  At  2  a.m.  woke  with  intense  desire  to  urinate  ;  passed  normal  quantity, 
but  urging  continued  + — 5  h.  afterwards,  felt  whenever  he  awoke;  at  same  time 
intense  pain  in  and  over  bladder,  as  if  from  distension,  extending  along  both  spermatic 
cords  (so  far  as  inguinal  canal),  which  felt  as  if  varicose.  On  waking  about  4 
found  that  emission  had  occurred.  Pain  occasionally  felt,  in  varying  decree,  for  30 
h.  longer.  On  m.  of  2nd  d.  faeces  softer  and  easier.  Exceedingly  cheerful  this  and 
the  two  following  d. ;  also  much  desire  and  facility  for  mental  exertion.  On  7th 
pain  in  bladder  increased  ;  none  in  cord ;  after  slight  exertion  in  walking  (though 
weather  was  very  cold)  got  hot,  with  much  perspiration  on  head  and  face.  In  e. 
lips  very  dry,  with  considerable  thirst;  drank  about  16  ounces  of  cold  water,  with 
relief.  8th. — Still  occasional  pain  in  bladder.  Bowels  have  moved  easily  up  to  this 
time  ;  but  from  ninth  became  costive  as  before. 

b.  On  18th  took  4  drops  at  midnight.  At  6  a.m.  return  of  vesical  tenesmus  and 
pain;  former  relieved  by  urination,  but  not  latter.  Pain  had  abated  by  11.  This  d. 
bitterness  in  mouth ;  dysphagia  for  liquids ;  eyes  watered  much  in  open  air,  but  he 
did  not  feel  cold,  though  temperature  was  20^.  20th. — Bowels  moved  easily  at 
6  a.m.,  faces  softer  than  usual,  pale  yellow.  Felt  extremely  lazy  and  a  little  peevish. 
2 1  St. — Pain  in  forehead  and  eyes,  increased  by  stooping  and  much  worse  about  2  h. 
after  food  ;  carotids  feel  turgid  ;  pulse  (usually  75 — 78)  96,  full  and  soft ;  at  9.30  p.m. 
hands  and  feet  extremely  cold.  22nd. — Frontal  pain  continual,  diminishing  gradually 
up  to  the  26th.  Last  n.  had  to  micturate  4 — 5  times ;  total  quantity  not  greater 
than  usual.  23rd,  1.30. — Appetite,  particularly  good  on  previous  d..  now  absent ; 
and  therewith  pain  in  r.  hypochondrium,  followed  by  urging  to  stool,  which  resulted 
only  in  slight  passage  of  hard  mucus.  Pain  lasted  rest  of  d.  Little  capability  that  e. 
and  next  d.  tor  mental  exertion.  24th. — Pain  in  hypochondrium  all  d.  Stool 
harder,  darker,  and  scantier  than  usual.  25th. — In  m.,  still  pain  in  side.  26th. — 
Weary  pain  in  loins,  increasing  and  decreasing  between  9.30  and  3.  (Dr.  Berridgl, 
Monthly  Horn,  Re^v.,  xiii,  475.) 

2.  Mr. — .  Sanguine-nervous  temperament.  Jan.  12th,  at  12.30  p.m.,  took  5ij 
of  tinct.  in  water.  Immediately  much  pleasant  warmth  in  stomach,  with  (soon  after) 
desire  for  food,  which  dinner  eratified.  Next  d.  took  5j  at  1 1  a  m.  with  same  rehult 
(sense  of  taste  also  quickened).  Repeated  dose  daily  up  to  20th.  On  this  day.,  at 
10.45  a.m.,  if  h.  after  takine  drug,  extreme  feeling  of  cold,  beginning  in  legs,  then 
in  back,  then  in  whole  bo<^.  At  11.30  much  nausea.  At  i,  on  goine  into  open 
air,  nausea  went  off,  but  coldness  much  increased,  with  dull  frontal  headache }  dull 
achine  in  limbs,  especially  in  large  joints  and  loins ;  great  lassitude,  especially  in 
gluteal  region  ;  eyeoalls  tender  on  pressure  ;  skin  dry,  cutis  anserina  ;  veins  in  extrc. 
mities  reduced  in  size ;  cold  creeping  over  whole  body,  especially  in  scalp  (where  it 
began),  increased  on  leaving  fire;  no  appetite  ;  tongue  with  slignt  moist  white  coat* 
ing,  especially  in  centre ;  no  thirst.  Pulse  at  2.30  108  (usually  80),  small  and  weak  ; 
it  gradually  decreased  towards  n.,  resuming  its  normal  rate  next  m.  21st. — Symptoms 
greatly  abated,  and  towards  n.  felt  quite  well. 

Once  or  twice  during  proving  noticed  some  dysphagia  for  liquids,  apparently  from 
constriction  about  pharyngo-cesophageal  junction.     (^fV/.) 

3.  Mr.  — ,  set.  30.    Oct.  6th,  m.,  took  teaipoonnil  of  tinct.  in  water.    In  1 5  m. 


» 


I 


ANTIMONIUM. 

i  fedisg  is  tfnmacit,  Qcitlf  iwowdag  to  u^aatm^  pasBng  off  oat  of 

f  m  above  I  h,    Uriaaced  rnuc^  idor  frcqaeatly  diaa  ami  for  nrxt   ii  b.^  

noml,  md  ID  ordiwy  aoMMOft  cacii  ti»e.     On  fth»  doll  adiiiig  over  whole  hcfiaii 
rrg^oUy  IB  ill  ittuatiaiit  and  poftises,  fiw  is  b.  §  oo  agginTatiaD  cm  pressuir^  but  son.,^ 
m  walkuig.     9Ck,— lo  c.  bon&g  omtemirt  headacbc  in  wbole  forehead,  with  general 
baguor,  lastt&g  till  be  went  to  bed  i  no  trace  of  it  next  m.     No  acuoc  of  bovrcU 


trotn  7th  to  lotb  §  cosdmied  kdtiiig  u  isii»p  a»  from  ascarides,  wone  whco  sitting  in 
e.     [Prorer  had  no  mofv  sfntpfaais  horn  ^is  time  tiB  the  «oth  ^  and  those  noticed 

bf  bim  aher  that  date  caimoc  reasoitabljr  be  aMnibcd  to  the  dose  taken  on  the  6tb 

Edk]     (Shid,} 

4.  Dr.  Be«^RiDC£  took  Ij  of  tincL  in  water ;  only  e€ect  oocked  was  a  yellowncas 
ofgem.    (BU) 

II,  Pmmxgs. — I.  A  jTOuog  woman,  xt.  m5,  drank  dregs  of  some  *•  chamomtle 
tea/*  Soon  complained  of  pain  in  belly  from  r,  to  L,  ju>t  above  navel  (traosrers^ 
colon) ;  bowels  iken  became  relaxed,  stools  at  fint  white,  then  putty-like  j  latere 
pretty  lerere  vomiting,  with  griping,  and  great  ineffectual  desire  for  stool ;  coldness 
inside  abdoaien^  passing  downwards  into  legs  as  far  as  knees.  Tongue  coated  white, 
with  islands  on  it.  Intense  headache  on  vertex  as  from  pressure  from  within^  and 
feeling  as  if  top  of  head  were  blown  off.  Vomiting  continued  till  and  d.,  and  pain 
in  abdomen  till  3rd  d.     (Dr.  Buen itt,  M&miA.  Horn,  lU^.^  x^d,  40S.) 


ANTIMONIUM, 

(Including  Aftt*  crudumy  the  black  sulphide  (Sb-S J ;  Ant,  ^xyJatum,  antimonious  oxide 
(SbOJ  i  Ant,  }uiphuratmm  aunum^  the  golden  or  penta-sulphjde(SbjSa-|-Sb,0,>  ; 
and  Ant,  sulphuratum  rubrum^  mineral  kermes  (iSbS,-HSbO^, 

L    Provtngi, — I.    Hahnemann.     Chronic    Diseases^    Part     II    of 

original,  Vol,         of  translation*     Contams  471   symptoms  from  self 
and  others  obtained  with  antim.  crudum. 

2.  a.-^-^hcn  kermes  in  doses  of  4^ — 8  grains  is  introduced  into  the 
digestive  organs  of  healthy  men,  it  provokes  sometimes  vomitings  and 
sometimes  alvine  dejections,  accompanied  by  malaise  more  or  less  con- 
siderable. Sometimes,  however,  it  produces  no  appreciable  derange- 
ment, 

^,  The  golden  sulphide  is  less  active  than  kermes,  manifesting  pro- 
perties analogous  thereto  when  employed  in  double  or  triple  doses. 
(Rayer,  DicL  de  Med,  et  Chir.  Prat.y  III,  15,  63.) 

3.  a.  Dr.  Karl  Mayerhofer  took,  in  winter,  for  2  successive  d., 
every  m,  and  n.  -^th  grain  of  ant.  sulph.  aureum.  His  head  lost  its 
usual  light  and  undisturbed  feeling,  much  saliva  and  water  came  into 
mouih,  taste  bitter,  sweetish,  and  flat  -,  sleep  full  of  dreams  and  head 
confused  j  feeling  of  tickling  as  from  mucus  in  larynx  and  trachea. — 
3rd  d.,  m.,  I  gr.  All  day  confusion  in  sinciput,  pressure  in  scrob* 
cordis  and  stomach,  stool  hard  with  much  straining,  followed  by  painful 
aching  and  full  feeling  about  navel,  oppressed  breathing,,  heaviness  and 
weariness  in  lower  extremities,  pulse  normal, — 4th  d.,  ^  gr.  Hard, 
full  breathing,  fulness  in  bronchial  tubes,  semilateral  headache,  espe- 
cially in  1,  temple,  burning  shooting  sensation  in  whole  1,  side,  espc* 
cially  in  lumbar  muscles,  sleep  with  anxious  dreams.  M,,  nasal 
catarrh  with  oppressed  breathing,  pappy  taste  with  slimy  furred  tongue^ 


ANTIMONIUM, 


ayi 


more  urine  than  usual,  by  d*  tickling  in  larynx,  with  inability  to  cxpec 
toratc  the  phlegm*^ — 5th  d.,  J  gr.  Until  midnight  quiet  sleep,  then 
sudden  waking  with  confused  head  and  aching  over  forehead  towards 
crown  ;  fulness  in  stomach,  aching  and  tensive  feeling  in  throat,  espe- 
cially larynx,  pappy  taste,  full  bronchial  tubes  with  hard  breathing, 
thereafter  soporous  slumber  without  refreshment.  M,,  heaviness  of 
arms,  boring  tearing  in  arms  and  wrist-joints,  especially  aching  tensive 
pain  in  I.  shoulder-joint,  swelling  of  fingers  ;  stool  easier  than  yester- 
day, faeces  pappy  but  consistent,  of  bright  colour,  urinary  secretion 
increased  with  great  tensive  and  tickh'ng  sensation  of  the  penis. — 6th 
d.,  e.,  1  gr.  Dreamful  sleep,  sudden  awaking  after  midnight  with 
great  excitement  and  restlessness,  genital  parts  uncommonly  excited, 
thereafter  light  slumben — 7th  d.,  m.,  i  gr.  Aching  and  tightness  in 
bronchial  tubes,  feeling  of  anxiety,  difficult  breathing,  diminished 
appetite,  rheumatic  pains  in  arm-joints,  aching  and  heaviness  in  bones 
of  forearms,  tensive  swollen  feeling  of  fingers.  Confused  head  in  fore- 
head, pressure  in  stomach,  constant  tenesmus  at  stool,  then  tensive 
painful  abdomen,  especially  about  navel,  and  a  very  painful  twisting 
through  bowels.  Increased  urinary  secretion  of  reddish-brown  colour, 
towards  e.  chilliness  alternating  with  heat,  pulse  suppressed,  small,  next 
night  very  dreamful  sleep.  Next  d.  tense  full  belly,  discharge  of  much 
flatus  with  sudden  call  to  stool,  when  at  first  hard,  thin,  bright  yellow, 
pappy  faeces,  then  violent  pains  in  bowels  and  rumbling  about  navel* 
Confused  head  caused  by  great  straining  from  abdomen.  Great  sensi- 
tiveness in  large  intestine,  and  especially  at  anus. — Left  off  mcd.  for 
4  d,— I2th  d.,  e,  i  gr.  Slept  only  3  h.,  sudden  waking  with  heavy 
confused  head,  pressure  in  stomach,  difficult  breathing,  fulness  in 
bronchiae,  restless  tossing  about,  active  cutaneous  function  with  slight 
warmth  and  even  slight  perspiration  all  over  body  ^  pulse  soft,  urine 
increased,  with  tickling  and  twitching  feeling  in  urethra.  M.,  feeling 
of  great  weariness  and  prostration  ;  appetite  diminished,  and  almost 
loathing  of  food. — ijth  d.,  without  med. — 14th  d,,  m.,  i  gr.  Alternate 
heat  and  chills,  rheumatic  pains  of  joints,  little  appetite,  pappy  stool. — 
15th,  16th,  17th  d.,  every  e.,  J  gr.  To  the  other  symptoms  there 
came  at  first  accumulation  of  viscid  phlegm  in  bronchial  tubes  and 
larynx,  tensive  drawing  pain  in  groins,  slight  swelling  of  leg-joints, 
especially  of  knees,  extraordinary  sensitiveness  of  genitals,  on  3rd  d. 
reddish  swelling  behind  r.  ear,  which  when  it  subsided  left  redness  and 
formation  of  scurf. — i3th  d.,  e.,  i  gr.  Dreamful  sleep,  with  sudden 
waking  after  midnight  with  uncommonly  increased  gouty  and  rheumatic 
sufferings  in  the  upper  and  lower  extremities,  tensive  sensation  in 
humeral  and  femoral  muscles.  Coryza  and  fluent  catarrh  with  con- 
fused head,  obstructed  respiration  and  deranged  appetite,  rgth  d.,  c,, 
2  gr  M*,  pulse  60,  e.,  pulse  70.  Other  symptoms  like  those  of 
yesterday,  and  also  tensive  pressive  sensation  in  cervical  vertebrae,  nape 
and  ribs,  constipation  with  tenesmus  and  burning  pains  in  anus,  20th 
d.,  c.,  3  gr.  Lively  dreams  and  sudden  waking  after  midnight  with 
great  restlessness,  drawing,  tensive  rheumatic  pains  all  over  thorax  and 
whole  spinal  column,  hard  and  noisy  breathing,  with  great  secretion  of 
phlegm.     Increased  urine   of  reddiah-brown  colour,  from   which  the 


^72 


ANTIMONIUM. 


antimony  could  be  precipitated  in  the  reguline  state. — ^2ist  d.^  fore- 
noon, 4  gr.  Increased  appetite^  amounting  to  hunger^  and  an  appa- 
rently general  well  feeling  j  then  aching,  boring,  tearing  toothache, 
pressure  iji  scrob.  cordis,  constant  drawing  tearing  pains  in  joints, 
Increased  secretion  of  phlegm  mixed  with  blood,  with  sweetish  taste. 
5  gr*  All  night  very  restless,  increased  secretion  of  viscid  mucus, 
infuT  immobility  of  1.  arm,  tensive  rheumatic  pains  in  hip-joints  and 
inguinal  region.  Stool  half  firm,  half  soft.  M.,  scraping  feeling  in 
throat,  violent  coryza  and  loss  of  smell,  general  chilliness  and  rigor 
down  the  whole  spine,  frequent  expectoration  of  viscid  mucus  mixed 
with  blood.  Next  n.  was  the  most  restless  of  all,  constantly  disturbed 
soporous  slumber,  the  press! ve  headache  always  increased,  anxiety  and 
heaviness  in  pr^cordia,  severe  scraping  pain  in  throaty  especially  larynx, 
and  burning  and  heat  in  fauces.  These  symptoms  lasted  for  3  d.  more 
or  less.     He  left  off  the  proving  for  8  d» — After  this  he  took,  for  4  d.^ 

I  gr.  e.  Restless,  dreamful  nights,  rheumatic  pains  in  all  parts  of  the 
body,  increased  secretion  of  phlegm  and  urine,  stools  with  and  without 
tenesmus,  appetite  gone,  with  slight  loathing.^ — 5th  d.,  e.,  2  gr.  Pulse 
unaltered,  all  former  symptoms,  but  more  severely;  phlegm  from  throat 
foetid,  teeth  coated  with  yellow  stufF,  taste  pasty. — 6th  d.,  4.  p.m.,  4  gr. 
Deep  sleep  with  perspiration,  itching  on  skin,  especially  about  genitals 
and  inside  of  thighs.  Scrotum  twitched  strongly  towards  m.,  there- 
after slight  redness,  and  during  d.  there  appeared  a  pustular  dry  eruption  ; 
constipation. — 7th,  10  p.m.,  6  gr.  Dreamful  sleep.  Waking  after 
midnight  with  dull  headache.  M.,  pasty  taste  in  mouth.  Pressure  in 
throat  as  if  a  plug  stuck  there,  increased  mucous  secretion  and  fulness 
in  bronchial  tubes,  with  full  hard  breathing.  The  itching  and  eruption 
on  scrotum  spread  towards  perina?um.  Weakness  of  stomach,  deranged 
digestion  with  loathing.  Urine  increased  and  dark  red,  containing 
traces  of  antimony.     This  condition   lasted   2  d.     He   then   took,  at 

II  p.m.,  10  gr.  Sleep  full  of  dreams,  frequent  waking  with  very 
confused  head,  peculiar  painful  tension  and  dull  feeling  in  cerebrum.  M., 
stiff  tensive  pains  in  joints,  mucous  secretion  of  throat  and  nose  increased, 
taste  very  flat,  pasty,  increased  urine,  and  pappy  reddish-yellow  faeces. 
On  both  inner  surfiaces  of  thighs  there  came  dry  pustules,  which  itched 
and  felt  tense,  and  when  walking  the  whole  thigh  was  painful.  These 
pustules  lasted  3  weeks,  when  they  dried  up,  scaled  off,  and  disappeared, 
and  during  this  time  all  the  other  symptoms  gradually  went  off.  Pulse 
little  affected  during  whole  proving. 

^,  Same  took  for  three  successive  c,,  at  bedtime,  J  gr.  well  triturated 
of  ant.  sulph.  rubrum.  Sleep  restless  and  full  of  dreams,  head 
confused,  pressure  in  scrob,  cordis,  weariness  and  want  of  power  in 
limbs,  tension  and  increased  sensitiveness  in  joints,  especially  shoulders 
and  knees, ;  tongue  covered  with  pasty  slimy  fur,  stomach  empty  ;  on 
3rd  d,,  increased  feeling  of  warmth  all  over  body,  itching  in  inner 
surfaces  of  thighs  and  genitals  where  the  pustules  caused  by  the  ant, 
sul.  aur,  had  been.  Breathing  somewhat  affected  by  viscid  phlegm  in 
trachea  and  bronchi.  The  next  2  d.,  took  in  e.  2  gr.  Anxious  dreams^ 
m.,  heaviness  and  confusion  of  head,  especially  in  cerebrum.  Eyes 
weak,  later  on  full  of  moisture,  lips  very  dry,  taste  pasty.     Increased 


I 

4 


ANTIMONIUM. 


»73 


^ 


^ 


secretion  of  phlegm  from  trachea,  with  tickling  of  phlegm  in  larynx,  and 
running  from  nose,  chest  oppressed,  breathing  fiill,  pulse  somewhat 
quickened  and  general  warmth,  rheumatic,  drawing,  tearing  pains  in 
joints,  head  confused  amounting  to  painful  pressure  and  heaviness, 
acrapy  slimy  feeling  in  throat,  constipation  ]  urine  dark  coloured,  and 
more  frequently  passed.  The  next  4  d,  r  gr.  every  e*  Febrile  move- 
ments in  and  out  of  bed,  which  went  along  from  spine,  spreading  to 
whole  abdomen  and  extremities,  and  lasting  about  J  h.,  followed  by 
increased  warmth  all  over  body  with  some  moisture  of  skin  5  pulse  full, 
but  soft,  lungs  sensitive,  especially  I.,  also  tight  feeling  about  heart. 
Respiration  rather  hard  and  noisy,  secretion  of  mucus  increased,  especi- 
ally out  of  bronchi  and  nose,  mouth  pasty,  slimy,  lips  dry  ;  joint  pains 
sharper  than  before,  urine  increased,  faeces  pappy  and  reddish  brown, 
itching  about  genitals,  perinaeum,  and  anus  increased.  After  some  d,, 
chilliness  alternating  with  heat  or  even  sweat.  The  stools  lost  their 
pappy  consistence  and  constipation  ensued.  All  right  at  the  end  of 
8  d.     (M  Z./  hsm,  Klinik^  xix,  36,) 

4*  BofiCKER  tookjon  27th  Jan.jcvery  h.  I  gr.jinall  I4gn  On  28th, 
at  5  a.m.,  i  gr.;  at  7  a.m.,  2  gn;  at  8  a.m,,  i  gr, ;  at  10  a.m.,  2  gr,;  at 
1 1  a.m.,  2  gr.  j  at  1 2.2  p.m.,  2  gr. ;  at  2  p.m,,  2  gr, ;  at  3.5  p.m.,  2  gr. ; 
at  5,  6,  7,8,  10,  II  p.m,  each  time  2  gr.  No  change  in  health  ;  about 
8  p.m.,  shortly  before  stool,  some  flatus  discharged  smelling  strongly  of 
sulphuretted  hydrogen.  Some  epistaxis  in  the  morning.— 29th,  at  5, 
7,  9,  10,  u  a.m.,  J  2,  1,  4,  5,  6,  7,  9,  10,  11,  each  time  2  gr  f^o 
symptoms. — 30th,  at  8,  10,  1 1  a.m.,  12  n.,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  10,  11  p.m., 
each  time  2  gr.  Some  inodorous  flatus,  some  epistaxis  on  washing. — 
31st,  four  times  during  forenoon,  at  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  jo,  1 1  p.m.,  each 
time  3  gr.  About  4.30  p.m.,  transient  jerking  like  electric  shocks 
through  both  ulnar  nerves,  especially  in  elbow-joint.  Appetite  rather 
better  than  usual.  Stool  softer  than  usual,  more  inodorous  than  usual. 
—  1st  Feb.,  at  6  and  8  a.m.,  2  gr, ;  10,  1 1  a.m.,  12  n.,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7, 
10,  II,  each  time  3  gr.  On  washing,  m.,  some  drops  of  blood  from 
nose  ;  e.,  after  supper,  some  flatus  smelling  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 
Stool  at  II  p.m.,  at  first  consistent  then  soft,— 2nd,  7  a.m.,  3  gr.  ;  10, 
II  a.m.,  4  gr.  j  12  n,,  3  gr.  j  3  p.m.,  3  gr.  ;  4,  5,  6,  7,  10,  u  p.m., 
each  time  4  gr.  In  afternoon,  some  inodorous  flatus,  at  7  p.m.,  flatus 
smelling  of  sulph.  hydrog.^ — 3rd,  5  a.m.,  3  gr.  ;  7  a.m.,  2  gr.  ;  9.30 
a.m.,  4  gr.  At  noon,  when  washing,  some  drops  of  blood  from  nose, 
Appetite  recovered. — 4tb.  Increased  mucous  secretion  in  throat  and 
nose.  Stool  blackish-brown,  consistent. — During  the  proving,  the 
stools  became  regular  every  day,  which  was  not  the  case  usually.  As 
the  dose  was  increased,  the  quantity  of  solid  constituents  in  the  urine 
increased.  The  fire-resisting  salts  and  the  salts  insoluble  in  water  were 
increased.  The  quantity  of  sulphuric  acid  excreted  was  about  double 
the  normal.  It  follows  from  the  results  of  the  proving  that  all  the  organs 
and  tissues  which  pass  oiF  their  detritus  through  the  urine  perform 
this  process  more  rapidly  when  this  drug  is  taken.  During  the  proving 
more  carbonic  acid  was  given  off  during  respiration.  {Beitrdge  %ur 
HniL,  it,  93.) 

5.  Dr.  J.  C.  Raymond  took,  each  d,  for  several  d,,  300  pellets  of 

l» 


^74 


ANTIMONIUM. 


6th  dilp^  of  ant,  sulph.  aur.,  without  effiect.  On  Aug.  loth,  c,  took 
powder  of  2nd  trit.  Next  d.^  p.m.,  heavy  aching  pain  affecting  vertex^ 
felt  only  during  motion  ;  any  jar  makes  it  severe,  and  at  a  misstep  it 
feels  as  if  skull  would  be  raised  to  relieve  pressure  on  brain.  Took 
another  powder  at  9  p.m.  I2th.^ — Pressing  in  rectum^  with  burning 
smarting,  for  2  h.  after  his  stool.  Some  heat  in  urethra  when  passing 
urine,  followed  hy  smarting  extending  about  an  inch  up.  P.m*, 
intolerable  itching  in  bend  of  r.  arm,  with  redness  like  scarlet  rash,  for 
I  h.  13th. — Took  powder  of  3rd.  Stool  hard  and  lumpy,  followed 
by  pain  and  smarting  in  rectum,  severe  for  i  h,,  and  felt  for  several  h. 
when  walking.  14th. — No  symptoms.  15th. — Violent  pulsative 
pains  in  vertex  and  forehead,  with  feeling  as  if  skull  would  be  lifted 
with  every  throb,  for  several  h.  In  e.  another  powder  of  3rd.  l6th, 
— Smarting  and  pressing  in  rectum  after  stool.  Hoarse  at  times  during 
proving*  At  9  p.m.  another  powder.  17th.— Stool  delayed  and  hard. 
In  e.,  sharp  lancinating  pains,  frequently  recurring,  from  r*  vertex  to 
internal  angle  of  r.  eye.  Another  powder.  On  i8th  and  19th  no 
stool  J  on  20th,  2ist,  and  22nd  stool  hard  and  difficult ;  smarting, 
pressing  and  throbbing  in  rectum  afterwards.  On  22nd  took  300 
pellets  of  6th.  23rd. — Headache  ;  pain  constant  and  dull  when  at 
rest,  throbbing  and  severe  during  motion,  extending  from  r,  vertex  to 
back  of  r.  ear.  No  stool,  24th, — Stool  hard  and  lumpy.  Dull  head* 
ache,  with  fulness  and  pain  in  r.  ear.  300  pellets  of  6th  in  e.  this  d, 
and  next.  No  symptoms  on  25th  :  on  26th  delayed,  hard  stool,  with 
heat  and  pressure  in  rectum  after  passage.  (Dr.  Neidhard's  provings, 
Hahfj.  Monthly^  xvi,  649.) 

6.  Dr.  F.  R.  Moore  took,  June  ist,  10.30  p.m.  a  powder  of  9th 
diL  In  a  (^w  m.  slight  metallic  styptic  taste.  Deep  heavy  sleep  at 
n.,  several  times  partially  broken  by  pain  in  head,  most  in  r.  frontal 
eminence.  Did  not  feel  well  in  m.  till  after  getting  up  ;  and  debility, 
tendency  to  tremor,  &c.,  continued  till  afternoon.  For  some  d.  after 
felt  unusually  well  (qy.  reaction).  On  loth  and  nth,  repeated  dose 
at  n.,  with  same  taste  following  and  same  influence  on  sleep.  On 
Oct,  nth  took  same  dose  at  9  a.m.  Same  taste;  but  thereupon 
nausea,  and  inclination  to  vomit,  continuing  till  after  taking  a  cup  of 
tea.  On  Nov,  28th  same  dose  at  10  a.m.  Taste  as  before,  and  1  h. 
after  sense  of  weight  in  stomach,  with  great  nausea  and  almost  irre- 
pressible desire  to  vomit.  Very  excitable  and  disposed  to  ill-humoun 
About  I  feeling,  with  nausea,  as  if  acid  were  in  stomach.  Repeated 
powder,  with  usual  taste,  and  this  time  fulness  and  heaviness  in  head. 
After  dinner  stupid  feeling,  with  strong  tendency  to  sleep.  Thirsty  at 
tea-time  (6  p.m.)  ;  at  10  dull  heaviness  and  singing  in  forehead,  with 
flushed  face,  ill- humour,  and  reckless  sort  of  feeling.  Sleepy  until 
going  to  bed  \  then  wakeful  and  restless,  with  aching  in  legs  from 
knees  to  feet  and  paralysed  feeling  there  ;  tingling  and  itching  over 
face,  thighs  and  hips,  urging  him  to  scratch.  Next  m.  acid  feeling 
in  stomach  and  dulness  in  head.  Between  12  and  1  another  powder. 
Taste  as  before ;    sense  as  of  acid   fermentation   in  stomach  ;    head 

♦  Dr.  Neidhard  informs  m  that  he  has  habitually  employed  the  decimal  "icale  ot 
attemiation  in  bis  provings. — Eos.  ^ 


ANTIMONIUM.  275 

became  dizzy  and  oppressed  as  in  catarrh,  and  mind  sluggish,  with 
singing  on  I.  side  of  head.     {Ibid.) 

7.  Dr.  JoRGENsoN  took,  on  March  15th,  11  a.m.,  2  grains  of  ist 
trit.  At  I  p.m.  tightness  in  head,  with  great  restlessness  and  un- 
easiness j  at  2  much  nausea,  with  tearing  pain  in  stomach,  relieved  by 
rest ;  at  3  pain  intense,  least  motion  aggravating,  with  salivation  and 
flatulence;  during  perfect  rest  pain  gradually  subsided.  On  i6th  thick 
white  coating  on  tongue,  sense  of  dryness  in  mouth  but  much  secretion 
of  saliva ;  intense  weakness  ;  disposition  to  stretch  and  yawn.  Two 
last  symptoms  continued  next  d.  Sore-throat  and  hard  cough  also 
came  on,  and  lasted,  with  great  salivation  and  much  weakness,  till 
23rd.  On  that  e.  took  2  gr.  of  pure  substance,  and  next  d.  woke 
with  pressive  pain  in  vertex  ;  stooping  or  lifting  anything  would  cause 
rush  of  blood  to  head  and  throbbing  headache  for  \  h.  Immediately 
after  rising  soreness  in  throat,  with  much  hacking  cough  and  expectora- 
tion of  mucus.*     {Uid,) 

II.  Poisonings. — i.  Lohmeyer  has  observed  the  following  effects 
of  antimonial  vapours  on  those  employed  in  works  where  the  ores  of 
the  metal  are  smelted  : — 

a.  One  workman,  D.  W — ,  after  a  long  exposure  to  vapours,  had 
oppression  of  chest  and  slight  headache  ;  oppression  gradually  increased 
to  violent  stitches,  darting  toward  shoulders  and  back,  accompanied  by 
dry,  painful,  violent  cough.  Headache  likewise  increased  to  a  stitching 
and  burning,  especially  in  occiput  and  nucha.  The  dry  cough  was  at 
last  accompanied  by  difficult  expectoration  :  rattling  and  wheezing  in 
air-passages  on  inspiration.  At  n.  painful  uneasiness  soon  increasing  to 
complete  loss  of  sleep  :  a  short  nap  ended  in  a  profuse  distressing 
sweat,  followed  bv  great  exhaustion.  Patient  was  altogether  prostrated, 
appetite  impairecl,  abdomen  distended  from  the  commencement ;  fre- 
quent attacks  of  diarrhoea  with  pinching  in  abdomen,  by  which  the 
food  soon  after  being  taken  would  pass  off  undigested,  whilst  the  belly 
remained  distended  and  tight.  He  had  difficulty  in  passing  urine, 
which  was  attended  with  urging  and  pain  at  neck  of  bladder  and 
painful  burning  in  urethra,  from  which  a  few  drops  of  a  liquid  mucus 
were  occasionally  discharged.  Urine  had  dark  orange  or  reddish 
colour.  A  few  pustules  broke  out  on  scrotum  resembling  those  of 
smallpox  ;  pains  were  felt  in  testicles,  sexual  desire  was  weakened  and 
gradually  became  extinct  even  to  impotence ;  seminal  discharges  and 
erections  entirely  ceased.  Incipient  atrophy  of  penis  and  testicles 
accompanied  this  loss  of  power. 

b.  G.  H — ,  act.  28,  began  to  complain  in  the  spring  of  1839  ot 
violent  Aeadache,  soon  accompanied  by  tearing  in  all  limbs,  violent 
stitches  in  chesi,  and  cough.  Anorexia,  pain  in  abdomen,  with 
diarrhoea,  and  a  pustular  eruption,  first  on  throat,  very  thick,  then  on 
body,  and  very  severe  on  genitals ;  urination  difficult,  with  pains  and 
by  drops,  with  clap-like  discharge  from  urethra  ;  loss  of  sexual  power; 
total  impotence;  penis  shrivelled;  testicles  diminished  in  size.  The 
pustular  eruption  at  length  kept  him  confined  to  the  house. 

c.  J.  F — ,  act.  30,  was  exposed  to  same  influences  at  various  times 
*  Some  spots  of  acne  indurata  disappeared  from  the  face  during  this  proving. 


a76 


ANTIMONIUM. 


in  1837  and  1838.  In  1837  had  headache,  tightness  of  chest,  with 
stitches  in  it  -,  shaking,  dry  cough  ;  later  the  pustular  eruption,  confined 
to  throat.  In  1838,  on  being  again  exposed,  he  had  headache^  which 
he  described  as  boring,  oppression  of  chest,  violent  dry  cough,  anorexia, 
cutting  pains  in  abdomen  followed  by  diarrhoea.  The  pustular  eruption 
again  appeared  on  neck  and  arms,  less  on  body,  but  on  genitals  to  such 
an  extent  that  he  could  not  walk,  Blennorrhoeic  symptoms  of  bladder 
and  urethra  ;  difficulty,  occasional  impossibility  of  passing  urine  j 
tearing  in  urethra  and  mucous  discharge ;  at  length  impotence* 
Testicles  diminished  in  sizfi, 

</,  K,  J — ,  act.  30,  had  tensive  headache  and  febrile  drawing  in 
back.  On  continuing  more  constantly  at  the  work  had  tensive  pain  in 
fcrchead  behind  glabella,  with  lightning-like  stitches  through  the  back 
of  head,  which  were  transient,  but  the  frontal  pain  lasted.  Some  pain 
in  sacrum  j  general  prostration  with  sleeplessness ;  anxious  dreams, 
starting,  and  night  sweat  i  anorexia,  pain  in  betly,  and  occasional 
diarrhoea.  Painful  swellings  of  cervical  glands,  pustular  eruptions  in 
bend  of  joints  of  upper  extremities,  but  especially  on  abdomen  and 
genitals;  pains  in  testicles;  strangury;  urine  dark  red,  for  14  d,  bloody, 
causing  burning  in  urethra,  when  a  whitish  mucus  was  discharged. 
Loss  of  sexual  power,  diminished  size  of  testicles,  impotence.  (He 
got  ill  after  the  cessation  of  these  symptoms  when  he  left  oft  his  work. 
It  seems  to  have  been  a  severe  attack  of  intermittent  fever,  and  pro- 
bably had  nothing  to  do  with  the  ant.)  [Casper^ s  Iflichenschri/l^ 
1840.) 

2.  A  sick  woman,  for  whom  her  physician  had  prescribed  tincture 
of  antimony,  took  a  large  spoonful  of  it  without  vehicle;  whence  arose 
pustules  on  the  fauces^and  maculie,  and  a  red  exanthem  over  the  whole 
body,  with   some    delirium.      (Gohlius,   Ah^,    Pract.   Clin,  et   For.^ 

1 7340 

3.  In  a  case  of  pneumonia  treated  by  the  white  oxydc  of  antimony, 

in  doses  of  20 — 24  gr.,  there  appeared  on  the  4th  d,  an  eruption  of 
small  pimples,  similar  in  their  confluence  to  those  I  have  had  occasion 
to  observe  on  the  genitals  as  a  consequence  of  the  external  use  of  tartar 
emetic.  I  have  observed  the  same  phenomenon  in  other  cases  of  peri- 
pneumonia treated  by  the  same  preparation,  (Michel,  Gaz.  MM.^ 
i«35i  p.  310.) 

III.  Exptriments  on  Animals.^i.  a.  Harting  says  the  only  after-effects  of  j  oii 
of  ant  sulpk  aur.  on  horses  and  cows  were  that  the  faeces  were  brighter  coloured  and 
loose,  the  urine  yellow  coloured  and  increased. 

b.  Hellifeld  gave  at  5  p,m»  to  a  cat  15  grains  in  water.  In  i  h.  it  vomited 
coloured  material,  hut  wan  otherwise  well  j  soon  afterwards  it  bad  a  fluid  stool  and 
urinary  discharge;  this  was  repeated  later,  then  it  becanic  quiet^  sad^  and  could  not 
eat.     After  8  d,  again  ate  with  appetite, 

r,  Mayerhofer  g^ve  to  a  strong  young  bistcher*s  dog  the  ist  d.  i  gr.  without 
apparent  effect;  next  iL  2,  and  3rd  d.  3  gr.  in  divided  dotes.  It  ate  a  great  deal  ajid 
passed  much  urine  and  loose  fajces.  41R  d.  3  gr.  in  3  doses.  After  the  ^m  dose 
in  1  h,  vomited  soup  and  much  mucus»  passed  more  urine^  and  had  three  stooU  of 
reddish.brown  loose  farces.  The  next  4  d.  it  got  daily  5  gr,  in  3  doses.  Appetite 
increased,  urine  more  copious,  a— 3  pappy,  reddish  stools  containing  unaltered  am t, 
sulf.  aur.  5th  d.  he  got  3  gr,,  antf  had  at  n.  i  dirty  light-brown,  clayey  stooh. 
Belly  felt  unusually  warm»  and  on  hypogastrium  towards  genitals    several  discrete 


ANTIMONIUM.  277 

pustules  which  formed  scabs,  they  came  and  went  off  gradually.  6th  d.  4  gr.  in  4 
doses.  Several  stools  with  tenesmus,  sometimes  slimy,  sometimes  only  pappy.  The 
next  14  d.  6  gr.  daily.  Appetite  not  diminished ;  every  d.  2  to  3  pappy  and  some- 
times thin,  slimy,  generally  reddish  stools,  sometimes  with,  sometimes  without 
tenesmus,  and  always  ver}'  fetid.  After  this  for  some  d.  got  no  medicine,  and  the 
functions  became  regular.  For  8  d.  daily  8  gr.  in  4  doses.  The  above  symptoms 
recurred  and  much  of  the  drug  passed  away  unaltered.  Then  frequent  hawking  of 
phlegm  came  on,  the  phlegm  came  away  with  much  retching  as  if  it  would  vomit. 
fevcry  d.  the  straw  of  its  bed  was  quite  wet  through  with  the  hawked  up  and  vomited 
phlegm.  Appetite  sometimes  greater,  sometimes  less;  eyes  dropping,  and  the 
pustules  on  the  belly  came  and  went.  After  8  d.  it  got  daily  12  gr.  in  3  doses.  It 
became  thin,  but  ate  more  than  usual.  The  above  symptoms  remained  the  same. 
On  the  4th  d.  there  were  loud  mucous  rales  in  the  throat,  so  that  it  seemed  as  if  it 
must  be  choked  by  the  constant  cough  and  hawking  until  it  brought  up  the  phlegm. 
It  ate  as  usual,  had  dirty  greyish-blue,  slimy  stools,  of  the  consistence  of  pus,  but 
after  some  d.  they  were  again  pappy  and  of  the  colour  of  the  drug.  The  extremities 
were  painful  when  pressed  or  bent ;  the  pustules  itched,  as  it  licked  and  gnawed  at 
them.  The  stools  were  always  fetid  and  it  exhaled  a  bad  smell  from  its  body. 
Urine  always  increased.  For  8  d.  it  had  no  more  of  the  drug,  but  its  state  remained 
the  same.  After  8  d.  more  it  got  4  gr.  in  the  d.,  and  soon  afterwards  vomited.  It 
now  got  in  the  m.  doses  from  4  to  20  gr.  for  8  d.  The  stools  became  thin  and  pappy, 
appetite  diminished,  and  the  mucus  became  more  viscid,  general  restlessness  came  on, 
and  it  lay  down  first  in  one  place  then  in  another,  dragged  itself  about  weakly  and 
cowed  together.  Twitchings  and  paralysis  of  the  extremities  ensued.  Pulse  small 
and  compressible.  Belly  very  sensitive  to  touch.  Breathing  gasping,  often  groan- 
inff,  frequent  retching  and  flow  of  mucus  from  nose,  the  region  of  stomach  very 
pamfiil  to  touch,  trembling  of  whole  body,  immobility  of  eyes,  paid  no  attention 
when  called,  and  becoming  generally  paralysed  it  died.  P.M. — Cerebrum  much 
injected  and  partially  softened,  spinal  cord  normal.  Fauces,  trachea,  and  bronchial 
tubes  full  of  frothy  viscid  phlegm,  lungs  rlightly  reddened,  partly  infiltrated,  partly 
hepatised,  of  dark  red  colour,  spongy  in  structure  and  full  of  viscid  frothy  mucus. 
Some  grey  tubercles  on  both  upper  lobes.  Cavities  of  heart  normal,  but  on  the 
extemsd  walls  of  the  aorta  and  pulmonary  artery  there  were  fibrous  and  polypous 
formations.  Liver  very  much  discoloured,  dirty  greyish  brown,  spotted,  swollen, 
spongy,  and  full  of  dark  blood.  Spleen  red  and  blue  flecked,  oesophagus  tull  of 
frothy  mucus  and  very  brittle.  Stomach  very  much  enlarged,  lax,  and  sott,  external 
coat  m  some  parts  thickened,  in  others  thinner  ;  the  lining  mucous  membrane  quite 
smooth,  as  if  swept  out  clean ;  exactly  like  the  stomach  in  gastromalacia.  All 
the  bowels  lax,  much  mucus  and  thin  coloured  faeces  containing  many  worms,  the 
blood-vessels  of  omentum  and  intestines  very  much  injected.  The  bladder  contained 
a  little  dark-coloured  urine  ;  in  other  respects  all  was  nearly  normal.  (N.  Z.f,  horn, 
KUmky  xix,  27.) 

a.  Rayer  introduced  Jss  of  ant.  crudum  into  cellular  tissue  of  dog's  back  without 
effect.  Fifteen  gr.  placed  m  peritoneal  sac  caused  inflammation,  and  in  24  h.  death, 
but  without  any  peculiar  symptoms.  Moiroud  says  that,  given  to  horses  in  doses  of 
jij — ^Jiv,  it  acts  as  an  excitant,  causing  increased  frequency  of  pulse  and  respiration, 
and  softer  stools.     (Pereira,  op.  cit.) 

3.  Dr.  Saikowsky,  of  Moscow,  has  found  {Virch(yw^s  Arc/iiv,  xxxiv,  78)  that 
when  animals  are  fed  upon  antimonic  acid  (i  to  i  grm.  daily)  or  other  preparation 
of  the  metal  for  14 — 19  d.,  the  liver,  kidneys,  and  even  the  heart,  undergo  a  fatty 
degeneration;  also  that  there  is  a  lessening  of^the  amount  of  glycogen  in  the  liver, 
and  in  some  cases  even  a  total  disappearance  of  it.  This  has  been  confirmed  by 
Professors  Grohe  and  Mosley,  who  state  that  in  the  Duchy  of  Brunswick  the 
peasantry  give  to  the  geese,  when  producing  the  famous  fatty  liver,  a  certain  quantity 
of  the  white  oxide  of  antim.  every  d.     (H.  C.  Wood,  op.  cit.) 


478 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARIClIM. 


I 


ANTIMONIUM.  TARTARICUM. 

PotattjoAjitimoniou*  tartrate,  aK(SbO)C4H^O^,H,0.     Tartar  cractic, 

J*  Fried.  Haknemank.  In  h  h*  nausea^  followed  by  yawning,  with 
great  watering  of  bath  eycSj  then  vomiting.  Sensation  at  scrob,  cordis 
hke  cold  water,  at  same  time  is  faint,  like  to  fall,  then  follows  heat  on 
head.     Cold  sweat,     {/trchiv^  rii,  146.     No  information.) 

2,  Gross.  After  \  h,  stupefaction  of  head,  as  if  bound  up,  with 
drowsiness,  and  tensive  feeling  in  1.  half  of  head.  Soon,  feeling  as  if 
cold  ran  through  the  veins.  Chilly  as  if  soused  with  cold  water,  with 
goose-skin  on  arms,  and  repeated  yawning*  On  1st  n.  dreams  con- 
stantly about  incendiary  fires  from  which  he  often  wishes  to  escape, 
the  fire  breaks  out  in  all  places  where  he  goes  to,  and  yet  the  house  is 
not  burnt  down,  and  n.,  he  preaches  without  notes  and  sticks  fast  ; 
this  incident  confuses  and  bothers  him  just  like  the  formefi  a  great 
portion  of  the  n. 

The  following  symptoms  are  without  note  nf  time: 

Headache  round  about  in  sinciput  and  vertex  with  tension  and  pres- 
sure. On  waking  at  n.  always  pain  as  if  brain  in  K  half  of  forehead 
were  pressed  into  a  lump.  Constriction  of  head.  Tensive  in-pressing 
pain  in  1.  half  of  skull.  Tension  in  temple  as  if  pinched  \i\^  with 
stupefaction.  As  if  head  from  both  temples  was  pressed  together  with 
blunt  instruments.  Pressing  in  left  temple.  Long-continued,  painful 
drawing  pressure  in  r,  temple.  Painful  drawing  in  r*  temple  going 
down  to  zygoma  and  upper  jaw.  Headache  as  if  constricted,  with 
drawing  and  digging,  down  to  root  of  nose  (afternoon).  On  r,  frontal 
protuberance  obtuse  undulatory  pressure.  Obtuse  boring  as  with  a 
blunt  instrument  under  r,  frontal  protuberance.  In  r.  half  of  forehead 
alt  e.  an  acute  pain  with  sensation  as  it  the  brain  there  were  pressed  into 
a  hard  heavy  lump.  Above  and  across  root  of  nose  a  stupefying  tension 
as  if  constricted  with  a  band.  Obtuse  pressure  above  nose  and  1.  eye. 
Obtuse  pressure  on  1.  zygoma.  Painful  drawing  and  at  length 
obtuse  pressure  on  1.  zygoma.  Eyes  tired  as  if  they  would  close. 
Inclination  to  shut  the  eyes  tightly.  Burning  in  eyes  iji  e.  as  if  he  had 
been  studying  long  by  candle-Tight.  Drawing  up  along  r,  side  of  lower 
jaw  from  chin.  Tobacco  not  relished.  Extraordinary  appetite  for 
apples  and  thirst  for  cold  water  ;  drowsy  early  in  e.,  which  is  unusual, 
Eats  dinner  with  appetite,  but  when  nearly  satisfied  has  occasionally  a 
kind  of  loathing.  Hiccuping  eructation  of  air.  First  eructation,  then 
several  limes  belching  up  of  a  fluid  (as  if  from  food)  which  he  swallows, 
after  which  a  sourish  taste  and  ascrapy  feeling  in  throat  remain.  Flow 
of  water  into  mouth  without  nausea,  but  with  qualmish  nasty  taste. 
Nausea  with  inclination  to  vomit  rises  suddenly  from  umbilical  and 
gastric  regions  in  repoated  attacks.  A  kind  of  qualmishness  rises 
from  stomach.  Cutting  in  abdomen  and  feeling  as  if  a  stone  lay 
across  hypogastrium,  with  great  nausea  ;  after  retching  six  times  aad 
feeling  of  diarrhoea  without  evacuation,  vomiting  (with  great  straining, 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM. 


279 


trembling  in  abdomen,  and  cowering  together)  first  of  food  with  soui 
taste,  that  remains  for  some  time  and  is  associated  with  a  continued 
scrapy  feeling  in  throat,  then  chilliness,  then  two  diarrhoeic  stools,  the 
last  of  which  is  like  water.  After  vomiting,  great  exhaustion,  weariness, 
and  drowsiness,  loathing  at  all  ordinary  food,  pale  pinched  teatures, 
swimming  dull  eyes,  but  with  appetite  for  cooling  things,  eg,  apple 
squash.  In  scrob.  cordis  a  painful  feeling  as  from  incarcerated  flatu- 
lence, late  at  n.  flatus  is  discharged  with  relief.  A  stitch  shoots  down- 
wards  from  stomach  to  1.  side  of  abdomen  and  up  again,  pain  there  on 
expiration,  and  when  touched.  Afterdinnerqualmish  feeling  in  stomach 
for  a  considerable  time.  After  the  nausea  feeling  of  emptiness  in 
stomach.  Cutting  and  pinching  in  abdomen  as  from  flatulence.  In 
abdomen  repeated  transient  nausea  like  pinching,  as  if  diarrhoea  would 
come  on.  Violent  cutting  and  twisting  in  abdomen  and  tearing  down- 
wards through  the  inguinal  region  and  through  the  thighs  into  knees  like 
labour-pains  ;  at  same  time  fine  but  violent  stitches  at  the  navel  with 
nausea  and  water  brash  -,  immediately  afterwards  diarrhoea  preceded  by 
rumbling  in  abdomen.  Must  lie  down  and  stretch  himself  on  account 
of  discomfort  in  epi-  and  hypo-gastrium,  at  last  falls  asleep  (11  a.m.). 
Round  about  under  short  ribs  acutely  painful  tension,  so  that  he  can 
hardly  sit,  but  only  lie,  from  incarcerated  flatulence,  which  is  discharged 
occasionally.  Along  with  repeated  nausea  and  pinching  and  cutting  in 
abdomen,  empty  eructation  and  discharge  of  flatus  with  transient  relief. 
A  kind  of  strife  in  upper  and  lower  abdomen  between  nausea  and 
inclination  to  diarrhoea,  in  which  first  the  one  and  then  the  other 
prevails,  with  occasionally  empty  eructation  and  inclination  to  a  natural 
discharge  of  flatus-  Pressure  in  hypogastrium  and  pain  with  cold  hor- 
ripilation, as  if  menses  were  coming  on.  Repeated  urging  to  stool. 
After  repeated  urging,  a  stool,  which  when  passing  seems  to  him  to 
be  almost  watery  but  is  in  reality  only  pappy.  A  second  stool  a  few 
h.  after  the  first.  (Twice  strong  sneezing.)  Anguish  with  tightness 
of  chest,  and  warmth  seems  to  come  out  of  heart.  Burning  prickling 
in  knees.  Under  1.  knee  on  the  external  side  a  slow,  regular,  painful 
jerking,  whep  at  rest  and  when  moving.  Suddenly  a  transient  aching 
prickling  pain  as  from  a  blow  over  1.  instep.  E,,  in  bed,  on  r.  side 
itching  and  gnawing,  so  that  he  must  scratch.  In  I.  big  toe  sudden, 
regularly  intermitting  pulsating  pain.  Weak,  uncomfortable,  and 
prostrate.  Great  heaviness  in  legs  and  arms,  so  that  she  must  let  them 
fall  down.  Drawing  here  and  there.  Feels  as  if  cold  runs  through 
blood-vessels.  Tired  and  sleepy.  Overcome  by  great  exhaustion, 
warm  feeling  at  heart,  the  arms  fall  down.  Frequent  violent  yawning. 
Yawning  and  stretching  limbs.  In  e.,  contrary  to  custom,  he  becomes 
sleepy  so  early  that  he  can  hardly  keep  awake,  and  after  J  h.  he  gets 
wide  awake  and  remains  so  till  late  at  n.  He  looks  pale  and  wretched, 
and  is  so  chilly  when  he  goes  into  the  open  air  that  he  shivers.  Great 
(general  discomfort  coming  from  abdomen  ;  he  groans  and  moans  in- 
voluntarily,  and  restlessness  drives  him  from  his  seat  and  makes  him 
walk  about.  Anxious  and  restless.  Feeling  of  anxiety  and  heat  at  heart 
with  stronger  beats  ;  it  seems  as  if  he  felt  them  in  his  head.  [IhidJ) 
J.  RucK^R-r,   Immediately  confusion  of  head  like  pressure  in  temples. 


28o 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM. 


{  ti.  Great  throbbing  in  region  of  stomach,     i  h.  Vomiting  with  head- 
ache and   trembling    of  hands,     i    h.  Trembling  and   drowsy,  with 
tension  in  forehead,  especially  over  1.  eye.     Belching  up  of  milk  and  an 
acid  fluid.     Violent  pressure  in  abdomen  as  from  stones,  as  if  full,  worse 
when   sitting,  especially  in   a  bent   position,    changing  sometimes  to 
pinching  in  umbilical  region,     2  h.   Eructation   of  a  salt  watery  fluid. 
Nausea,  vomiting,     3  fi.  On  stooping,   feeling   in   occiput  as  if  some* 
thing  fell  forwards.     4  h,  Pressive  pain  downwards  in  sinciput  to  L  eye, 
a  shooting  with   an   inclination   to  close  eyes.     Pressure   in  forehead, 
especially  in  m.     Sudden^  violent,  startling  stich  from  abdomen  through 
rectum,     9  h.  Transient  stitch  in   rectum,     ist  d.  Food   tastes  well 
and  has  some  appetite,  but  can  only  take  food  into  stomach  gradually, 
it  makes  him  (cd  better  and  relieves  pressure  in  abdomen.     In  bed,  e., 
shooting  in  knee  and  hip.     About  6  p,m*,  great  febrile  rigor,  then  after 
supper  great  heat  with   drawing  in  occiput,     2nd  d.  Slight  shooting 
in   forehead.     Violent,   pressive  tension    in  abdomen,   especially   over 
bladder,  much  increased  about  6  p,m.,  lasting  6  d.     Enormous  quantity 
of  flatulence,  with  rumbling  in  belly  and  slight  pinching  ;  its  easy  dis- 
charge relieves.     Stitch -I  ike  pain  in  rectum.     Greater  urging  to  urinate, 
which  causes  burning  in  urethra*     Wakes  at  n,  with  violent  thirst  and 
urging  to  urinate,  when  very  little  is  passed.     All  forenoon  continued 
shooting  pain  in  posterior  part  of  urethra.     Towards  e,  feeling  in  chest, 
especially  L  side,  almost  like  a  sore,  in  jerks,  at  same  time  a  hopeless^ 
desponding  disposition.     Slight  twitching  in  1.  calf.     At  il  a.m.  great 
drowsiness  ;  when  he  sits  still  he  falls  asleep  immediately,  has  immediately 
very  vivid  dreams,  during  which  the   train   of  thought   he   had  been 
following  goes  on.     About   12  midnight,  wakes  with  great  thirst  and 
urging   to   urinate.     Febrile  rigor  attended   with    heat    until   8   p.m., 
wakes  at  n.  with  thirst  and   urging  to  urinate.     From  2nd  to  6th  d. 
The  urinary  symptoms  last  uninterruptedly  4  d.,  increase  at  first,  then 
gradually  diminish  in  severity,     3rd  d.  Attacks  of  vertigo^  with  flicker- 
ing before  eyes.     Heat  increased  by  movement.     Shooting  in  temples. 
For  several   successive    m.,  immediately   after    waking,    pressive  and 
tensive  pains,  especially  in  forehead,  relieved  by  washing  in  cold  water. 
In    forehead,  dull   pain   changing   into  shooting,  going    into  temple, 
increased  by  coughing.     After  dinner  violent  pinching  and  aching  in 
abdomen,  not  relieved  by  stool  at  3  p.m,,  lasting  till  4  p.m.     Tension 
in  abdomen  going  towards  bladder.     A  very  acute  shooting  pain  in 
lower  part  of  bladder,  he  thinks  the  pain  of  vesical  calculus  must  be 
like  it.     Increased  burning  in  urethra  after  urinating.     Fever,  comes 
first  at  8  p.m.,  chilliness   with   transient  heats.     A  peculiar   internal 
trembling.     4th  d.  Dull   pain    in  forehead   as  from   a  blow  on   head. 
Burning  in  ears.     Chapped  lips  on  waking  at  n.     Cutting  in  abdomen. 
9  p.m.     The  urine,  at  first  clear  like  water,  makes  a  flour*like  scdi- 
ment,  which  mixes  easily  on  moving  the  glass,  and  gives  the  whole  a 
milky  appearance.     The  urging   to    urinate  and    burning   in  urethra 
increase,  little  urine  is  passed,  the  last  drops  are  bloody  and  attended  by 
severe  pain  in  bladder.      Uncommon  tightness  of  chest.     Some  fingers 
get  dark  yellow  spots  of  large  size,  which  last  2  d.     There  occur  on 
hands  some  small   red  spots  like  fleabites,  without  pain,  and  go  off  after 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM.  281 

2  h.  Very  restless  sleep  all  n.,  she  often  wakes  after  anxious  dreams 
with  dryness  of  mouth  and  chapped  lips.  Pulse  beats  quickly  and 
almost  audibly,  a  general  pulsation,  which  she  thinks  those  about  her 
must  hear.  About  6  p.m.  fever  like  yesterday,  with  anorexia,  after- 
wards increased  pain  in  abdomen.  5th  d.  The  urine  has  an  inflam- 
matory red  appearance,  and  red  bloody  fibres  form  in  it  on  standing. 
Cramp  in  calves,  afternoon,  which  goes  ofF  on  walking  about.  Fever, 
as  on  previous  d.     6th  d.  Fever  as  on  previous  d. 

The  following  are  without  note  of  time : — Indescribable  headache. 
Heaviness  of  head.  Shooting-like  electric  shocks  in  both  inner  canthi 
and  pressure  in  eyes.  Flickering  before  eyes,  especially  on  rising  from 
seat,  several  times  in  an  h.,  of  short  duration,  she  seems  to  see  through 
a  thick  veil,  with  vertigo  (several  d.).  Disagreeable  sensation  in  palate 
all  the  time.  Appetite  generally  good,  sometimes  bad.  Empty  eruc- 
tations. Great  nausea  with  dislike  to  the  accustomed  milk  and  pinch, 
ing  in  belly.  Nausea,  inclination  to  vomit  after  eating  anything. 
When  sitting  fermentation  in  abdomen  that  changes  to  pinching  and 
discharge  of  flatus  (afternoon).  The  belly  seems  full  of  stones,  though 
he  has  eaten  nothing,  and  it  does  not  feel  hard  to  touch  ;  a  sensation 
like  what  occurs  after  long-continued  sedentary  work.  The  pain  in 
abdomen  causes  great  restlessness  of  body,  with  inclination  to  move 
some  limbs  or  to  change  the  position.  The  pain  in  abdomen  is  not 
violent,  yet  so  severe  as  to  cause  great  restlessness  of  disposition  and 
disinclination  to  all  work.  Frequently  a  feeling  of  pulsation  in  abdomen. 
Pinching  in  belly  with  production  of  flatus.  Sometimes  the  pressure 
in  the  abdomen  when  rising  up  and  walking  about  is  relieved  by  dis- 
charge of  flatus,  also  when  standing,  but  returns  immediately  when 
sitting,  especially  in  a  bent-forward  position.  Hard  stool,  one  d.  no 
stool.  A  quick  peculiar  burning  irritation,  somewhat  like  tickling,  but 
not  of  a  voluptuous  character,  yet  extremely  troublesome,  relieved  by 
nothing,  extends,  commencing  from  the  region  of  the  rectum  through 
the  urethra,  to  the  glans  penis,  where  the  tickling  is  greatest  (lasts 
uninterruptedly  six  or  seven  days  and  is  the  most  annoying  symptom). 
Violent  tension  in  perinaeum,  especially  when  walking,  with  great 
urging  to  urinate  (several  d.  uninterruptedly).  The  tips  of  fingers  die 
away,  feel  dry  and  hard,  several  d.  Feet  go  to  sleep  immediately  after 
sitting  down.  The  fever  continues  uninterruptedly  in  a  dull  way,  but 
is  much  aggravated  by  quick  and  violent  movement,  especially  on 
sitting  down  afterwards.  Great  laziness  in  limbs.  Relaxation  of 
whole  body.  Great  prostration  and  laziness  in  body,  he  feels  best 
when  he  sits  still  and  does  nothing.  When  sitting  the  symptoms  are 
frequent,  or  they  are  caused  by  it.  Constant  stretching  and  yawning, 
forenoon.  Restless  sleep.  Chilliness.  Several  forenoons  severe  chills. 
Afternoon,  constant  heat  aggravated  by  slightest  movement,  it  affects 
head  chiefly  (daily).  Towards  e.  hopeless,  desponding  humour,  with 
chilliness,  pain  in  chest,  and  great  drowsiness.  All  the  time  an 
uncommon,  remarkable  wild  merriment,  less  noticed  by  herself  than  by 
others  j  towards  e.  this  went  oflF  and  was  replaced  by  vexation,  cross- 
ness, and  anxious  thoughts  for  the  future ;  she  thinks  she  shall  remain 
permanently  in  this  state.     {Ibid.) 


282 


ANTlMONIliM   TARTARICUM. 


4.  Staff.  In  {  h,,  drowsiness,  eyes  closed  involuntarily,  he  fell 
asleep  with  head  erect  (he  was  being  carried),  so  hard  to  awake  that  he 
did  not  do  so  when  his  eyes  were  forced  open,  when  the  pupils  were 
found  to  be  contracted,  at  same  time  moderatelv  warm  hands  and  face 
and  tranquil  breathing  ;  occasionally  retching  woke  him  up  for  a  few 
m.  (in  a  child  2  years  old).  In  3  h.,  audible  movement  of  flatulence 
in  stomach. 

Without  note  of  time  ; — ^Slight  tearing,  drawing  pain  in  L  half  of 
head  from  behind  forwards.  Head  heavy  and  requires  support  behind. 
Occiput  heavy,  with  anxious  oppressed  feeling.  Slight  attacks  of  head- 
ache in  forehead ♦  Pressive  headache  in  middle  of  forehead  above  nose. 
Pressive  headache  on  1.  side  of  forehead,  with  pressure  in  eyes.  Great 
pallor  of  face  for  1  h.  Burning  and  smarting  of  inner  can  thus  of  r. 
eye  and  redness  of  conjunctiva.  Pressure  in  both  eyes.  Sudden 
stretching  pain  oji  upper  part  of  r,  eyeball.  Tearing  pain  on  1.  side  ot 
root  of  tongue,  observed  when  swallowing.  Grey  furred  tongue.  Salt 
taste  in  mouth.  Empty  eructation  j  it  relieves  pressure  in  stomach 
for  a  time,  Great  flow  of  water  into  mouth.  He  retches  several 
times  violently  and  profuse  sweat  comes  on  forehead,  legs  very  tired, 
water  flows  out  of  mouth  j  afterwards  weakness.  Nausea  causing  a 
peculiarly  disagreeable  sensation  in  throat.  Confusion  of  head  with 
increasing  nausea.  Empty  eructation  relieves  the  nausea  for  a  very 
short  time.  Excessive  nausea  with  pressure  in  scrob.  cordis.  Nausea 
somewhat  relieved  by  expulsion  of  flatus.  As  the  nausea  increases  and 
slight  retching  comes  on  in  throat,  a  spasmodic  movement  takes  place 
in  upper  abdomen.  Nausea  with  slight  pressure  in  scrob.  cordis,  then 
frontal  headache.  The  anxiety  becomes  greater  as  the  nausea  increases, 
at  the  same  time  there  is  a  slight  pressure  and  some  heat  in  abdomen, 
ill  which  there  is  a  rumbling  of  flatulence.  After  violent  pressure  in 
stomach,  retching.  On  drawing  in  the  belly  shooting  pain  below 
scrub,  cordis.  Up  from  scrob.  cordis  occasionally  cutting  sensation. 
Slight  burning  in  stomach.  Slight  shooting  tearing  pains  on  a  small 
spot  in  1,  hypogastrium.  The  abdomen  is  distended  and  there  is  a 
gurgling  in  it,  felt  externally  Transient  tearing  pain  in  1.  side  of 
upper  abdomen,  often  recurring.  On  drawing  in  abdomen  a  small 
spot  in  I,  upper  abdomen  is  painful.  Rumbling  in  bowels  soon  after 
taking  med.  The  pressure  in  abdomen  sometimes  becomes  stronger 
and  is  directed  towards  rectum,  and  then  there  is  quietly  discharged 
boiling  hot  flatus,  whereupon  the  pressure  is  relieved.  Bright  brownish- 
yellow  diarrhoea.  Before  diarrhoea  rumbling  about  in  abdomen^  which 
is  not  distended.  The  diarrhcea  is  very  watery.  Burning  in  anus 
after  stool.  Urine  dark  reddish  brown,  turbid  and  of  fragrant  odour. 
Urine  turbid  and  dark  at  first,  afterwards  clearer.  Slight  tearing  pain 
in  anterior  part  of  urethra*  Violent  tickling  in  middle  of  trachea 
causes  short  cough.  Violent,  rheumatic  long-continued  pain  in  whole 
1,  side,  repeatedly.  Short,  shooting- tearing  pain,  especially  at  lower 
part  of  r.  side  ot  back  near  r.  hip.  Rheumatic  pains  in  and  over  1.  hip. 
Just  below  I.  hip  transient  rheumatic  pain.  Slight  rheumatic  feeling 
in  1.  pelvic  b<)nes.  Rheumatic  drawing  in  upper  part  of  r,  thigh. 
Violent  rheumatic  pain  between  1.  calf  and   ankle,  and  at  same  lime 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM.  283 

rheumatic  pains  in  furthest  back  lower  r.  molars.  Rheumatic  pain  on 
outside  of  1.  calf.  Cold  feet.  On  rising,  and  shortly  before,  rheumatic 
and  bruised  feeling  in  limbs.  Weariness  in  legs.  He  rests  his  eyes 
with  his  hands  like  one  quite  overpowered  by  sleep,  and  wakes  up  in 
bad  humour,  e.  g.  when  anyone  looks  at  him  he  begins  to  howl. 
Absence  of  thirst.     {Ibid.) 

5.  No  more  desire  for  tobacco.  Frequent  spasmodic  yawning. 
Desire  for  juicy  fruit.  Violent  sneezing  five  times  j  then  pain  deep 
in  chest  and  oesophagus.  Appetite  for  sour  things.  Stitches  above 
pubes.  Sensitiveness  of  the  oesophagus  so  that  unchewed  morsels 
cause  much  pain.  Stomach  internally  sensitive,  he  feels  the 
morsel  all  through  the  oesophagus  and  even  in  the  stomach.  Sour 
eructation.  On  the  back  of  1.  hand  when  touching  the  little  hairs 
fine  severe  pricks.  Weariness  in  the  knees.  (Hering,  Jrchiv^  xiii, 
2,  183.     No  information.) 

6.  a.  Dr.  Mayerhofer  dissolved  i  gr.  crystallised  tart.  em.  in 
ICO  drops  distilled  water  and  took  for  5  successive  d.  i  dr.  daily  iu  a 
spoonful  of  water  before  going  to  bed  without  obtaining  any  symptoms. 
6th  d.  Took  I  dr.  3  times  a  d.  Sleep  more  dreamful  than  usual. 
Woke  in  m.  with  sinciput  confused,  relieved  by  rising.  Taste  dry  and 
pasty,  appetite  good.  7th  d.  Took  3  dr.  3  times  a  d.  Felt  pressure  in 
scrob.  cordis  and  greater  confusion  of  sinciput,  taste  pasty,  appetite 
more  than  usual.  N.,  sleep  restless  and  dreamful.  8th  d.  Same  dose 
as  yesterday.  M.,  head  much  confused,  pressure  in  frontal  region, 
heaviness  and  pressure  in  stomach  with  bitter  eructation.  Taste  bitter, 
pasty,  and  appetite  less.  M.  urine  dark  yellow,  clear,  no  sediment ;  a 
cloudy  sediment  of  bladder  mucus  soon  formed,  and  next  d.  a  volumi- 
nous sediment  of  pale  red  colour,  and  containing  some  earthy,  phos- 
phates and  free  uric  acid;  acid  reaction;  sp.  gr.  1018  ;  got  turbid  by 
heat,  but  clear  again  on  adding  nitr.  ac,  and  contained  am.  carb.  The 
earthy  phosphates  were  copious,  as  also  phos.  sod.  and  sulph.  sod. ;  sod. 
chl.  rather  lessened.  Uric  acid  free,  but  not  much  increased  ;  urea 
increased.  After  eating  bitter  eructation  and  pressure  in  stomach, 
fulness  and  oppression  of  bronchial  tubes,  with  hard  anxious  breathing. 
Pulse  somewhat  excited  and  lively.  Chilly  feeling  with  prostration  in 
extremities.  For  last  3  d.  constipation  with  distended  abdomen. 
Sleep  next  n.  very  restless  and  dreamful.  9th  d.  Took  4  dr.  3  times 
a  d.  Very  painful  pressure  in  crown,  and  confused  frontal  region,  at 
same  time  strong  pulsation  of  frontal  arteries,  and  increased  heat  of 
whole  head  as  from  congestion  to  head.  Oppression  and  pressure  in 
scrob.  cordis  with  anxiety  about  heart ;  heart's  beats  small  and  unequal. 
Tight  feeling  in  thorax  with  hard  full  breathing,  increased  secretion  of 
viscid  mucus  from  bronchi  and  trachea  with  audible  mucous  rales. 
Towards  e.  sour  eructation,  pressure  in  stomach,  oppression  and 
nausea,  with  irritation  to  vomit.  Increased  secretion  of  saliva.  Urine 
pretty  copious,  and  also  two  pappy  stools.  Urine  dark,  dirty  yellow, 
slightly  turbid,  no  sediment,  acid  ;  sp.  gr.  1018.  Grew  turbid  when 
heated,  which  was  removed  bv  nitr.  ac. ;  contained  carb.  of  amm. 
Earthy  phosphates  copious,  sulphates  increased ;  sod.  chl.  diminished^ 
phos.  sod.  copious.     Uric  acid  free,  copious  ;  nitr.  of  urea  increased. 


284 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM, 


Next  n.  slept  restlessly  and  had  many  dreams^  confused  head,  tossed 
about  much.  Passed  much  urine.  M.^  felt  head  very  confused^  andl 
accompanied  by  obtuse  pressure  In  frontal  region,  loch  d.  Same  dos^ 
as  yesterday  at  three  intervals.  Symptoms  of  head,  heart,  and  respiratory 
organs  as  yesterday.  Appetite  diminished,  pressure  in  stomach  and 
weight  as  if  overloaded  with  food  ;  bitter  eructation,  and  after  dinner 
constant  inclination  to  vomit,  with  frequent  belching  of  bitter  bile. 
Taste  bitter  and  pasty,  great  flow  of  water  and  saliva  into  mouth, 
appetite  diminished,  thirst  increased.  Frequently  during  d,  horripila- 
tion, with  slight  retching,  eructation,  and  constriction  of  oesophagus. 
Sometimes  a  chilliness  going  from  within  outwards,  starting  from  tbd 
porsal  vertebrae,  and  spreading  all  over  abdomen  and  upper  extremities" 
oljght  cutting  pains  in  belly,  two  semifluid  stools.  Urine  pretty 
copious,  like  that  of  yesterday.  Following  n,  sleep  restless,  dreamftilj 
for  long  spells  could  not  sleep,  luh  d.  Same  dose  at  same  time.  Sam^ 
symptoms  as  previous  d.,  only  head  and  stomach  symptoms  more 
severe;  appetite  diminished,  thirst  increased.  After  dinner  violent 
pressure  in  stomach  increasing  to  nausea,  when  much  water  and  saliva 
ran  into  mouth,  tasting  very  bitter.  The  mucous  secretion  from 
bronchi  copious.  Occasionally  during  d.  recurred  heat  of  all  the  body 
so  that  he  broke  out  in  profuse  perspiration,  which  stood  on  chest  in 
large  drops.  During  d.  two  semifluid  stools,  stomach  and  liver  painful 
to  touch,  abdomen  rather  distended.  The  stools  contained  much 
bilious  matter.  Urine  in  good  quantity,  like  yesterday.  Next  n.  was 
restless  and  dreamful,  nth  d.,  m.,  6  dr.  In  i  h.  violent  pressure 
and  weight  in  scrob.  cordis,  heat  and  restlessness  of  whole  body, 
confused  head,  and  nausea.  Violent  retching,  and  with  great  effort 
vomited  viscid  and  watery  phlegm  after  great  flow  of  saliva  and  water 
into  mouth  ;  the  vomited  matter  tasted  bitter,  and  had  a  very  acid 
reaction.  Antimony  was  detected  in  the  vomit.  Taste  pasty  and 
bitter,  appetite  diminished,  thirst  increased.  Urine  copious,  observedly 
little  altered,  sp.  gr.  1016.  During  d.  two  semifluid  stools  of  bright 
yellow  colour  and  strong  smell.  Traces  of  ant.  in  stools.  Omitted 
taking  drug  till  14th  and  15th  d.,  when  he  took  each  d.  16  dro^  in 
4  doses.  Sinciput  very  confused,  tensive  pressure  and  weight  about 
frontal  region.  In  scrob.  cordis  boring  and  pressure  with  full  feeling 
in  stomach,  bitter  eructation  and  pasty  bitter  taste,  tongue  dirty  white 
and  furred  yellow,  appetite  diminished,  thirst  increased.  Towards  c. 
abdominal  integuments  somewhat  tense  and  sensitive  to  touch,  urging 
tenesmus  to  stool,  but  without  result,  urine  very  copious.  Tearing 
drawing  and  weight  in  extremities  with  chilly  feeling  all  over  body  from 
within  outwards,  no  power  to  get  warm,  combined  with  great  malaise. 
Breathing  in  e.  fuller  and  harder  with  great  precordial  anxiety.  Pulse 
quick  and  not  uniform.  When  lying  in  bed  was  taken  with  a  peculiar 
vertigo,  was  often  sick,  and  had  frequent  eructation,  loathing,  and  flow 
of  water  into  mouth.  Urine  dark  yellow,  slightly  turbid,  no  sediment, 
sour  reaction,  sp,  gr.  ioi8,  otherwise  much  the  same  as  before.  Next 
n.  sleep  restless  and  dreamful,  and  by  next  m.  there  were  catarrhal 
symptoms  in  throat,  and  increased  secretion  of  saliva.  Next  d,  two 
emifluid  stools  of  strong  character  and  dark  yellow  colour  i  trace 


lal  II 

m 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM.  285 

ant.  in  them.     The  e.  urine  was  dark  yellow,  slightly  turbid,  no  sedi- 
ment, acid,  sp.  gr.  1021,  no  albumen  ;  much  uric  acid  and  urea. 

b.  Next  d.  dissolved  i  gr.  ant.  t.  in  100  drops  water,  and  took  6 
drops  three  times  a  d.  Very  ill  after  second  dose,  sinciput  con- 
fused, tension  in  crown,  peculiar  pressure  on  eyes  as  if  eyeballs  were 
quite  heavy.  Anxious  pressive  feeling  in  precordia,  bitter  eructation, 
pasty  bitter  taste  and  loathing  were  the  precursors  of  violent  nausea. 
With  third  dose  had  great  flow  of  watery  saliva  into  mouth,  frequent 
hiccup  and  eructation,  urging  in  throat  and  violent  retching,  always 
increasing  until  vomiting  occurred  with  great  effort  ;  phlegm  and  water 
were  vomited.  After  a  short  time  retching  again  came  on  and  he  vomited 
viscid  phlegm  and  bile  \  matter  vomited  acid,  and  smelt  sour.  The 
attendant  symptoms  were  general  sweat  upon  chest,  secretion  of  much 
bright  coloured  urine,  and  later  two  liquid  slimy  bilious  stools,  with 
rumbling  and  urging  in  belly.  Pulse  small  and  contracted,  respiration 
lively,  and  thirst  great.  At  n.  much  tough  phlegm  secreted  in  throat 
causing  cough,  breathing  oppressed,  slight  stitches  in  1.  thorax  on 
inspiration.  N.  very  restless,  full  of  dreams.  Woke  in  m.  with  dull 
heavy  head  and  great  discomfort.  Yesterday's  urine  was  of  bright 
yellow  colour,  clear,  without  sediment,  acid,  sp.  gr.  1018  ;  contained 
earthy  phosphates  in  considerable  quantity,  sulphates  increased,  chl.  of 
sodium  normal,  phosphate  of  soda  copious.  It  contained  traces  of 
sulph.  of  ant.  The  n.  urine  was  dark  red,  clear,  without  sediment, 
acid,  sp.  gr.  1020,  uric  acid  and  urea  pretty  copious.  No  traces  of 
ant.  .  Next  m.  urine  dark  yellow,  rather  turbid,  acid,  sp.  gr.  1025  ; 
contained  a  very  small  quantity  of  albumen^  uric  acid  and  urea 
diminished.  The  thin  liquid  slimy  stools  of  yesterday  contained  much 
biliary  colouring  matter,  but  very  slight  traces  of  ant.  The  matter 
vomited  consisted  of  water,  stomach  mucus,  and  biliary  colouring 
matter,  was  acid^  and  contained  traces  of  sulph.  of  ant. 

Felt  for  some  d.  a  peculiar  weakness  of  limbs,  deranged  digestion, 
and  confused  head,  increased  secretion  of  viscid  mucous  fluid  from 
bronchi,  and  catarrhal  symptoms.  In  abdomen  slight  cutting  pains 
with  semifluid,  rather  pappy  stools.  After  some  d.  felt  tiresome 
itching  in  various  parts  of  skin,  especially  on  inner  surfaces  of  thighs, 
where  small  pimples  appeared.  Urine  remained  for  some  d.  copious. 
It  gradually  returned  to  its  normal  condition.  Only  once  could  traces 
of  albumen  be  discovered. 

c.  Several  weeks  after  this  he  took  i  gr.  of  crystallised  ant.  tart,  at 
once  in  i  oz.  distilled  water.  In  10  m.  felt  pressure  and  heaviness  in 
scrob.  cordis,  anxious  breathing,  and  nausea;  in  15  m.  confused  sinci- 
put with  sudden  congestion  of  head,  flow  of  water  and  saliva  into 
mouth,  quickened  fuller  breathing  with  full  quick  pulse,  anxiety,  losn 
of  hearing  and  sight,  weakness  and  weariness  of  limbs  ;  aftrr  \  h. 
violent  sickness,  cold  coming  over  him,  pale  face,  loathing,  hrqiicnt 
retching,  constriction  of  throat,  and  finally,  after  great  strainlnjr  of 
chest  and  abdomen  with  sweat  of  anxiety,  vomitin^^  of  watery  viw  id 
slime,  then  of  pappv  masses  of  food,  and  finally  of  a  slimy  bilious- 
coloured  bitter  fluid.  The  vomited  matter  smelt  and  reacted  a<  id. 
Then  passed  much  pale  urine.     After  some  h.  two  M;mi.liquid  itocdi. 


i86 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM. 


After  this  felt  very  weak  and  prostrated,  fell  asleep  tired  out  and  awoke 

in  profuse  perspiration.  The  ejected  matter  contained  ant.  The 
urine  passed  after  vomiting  was  of  bright  yellow  colour  and  sp.  gr. 
ioi6,  but  showed  nothing  abnormal.  The  urine  passed  next,  m*  was 
very  daik  yellow,  sp.  gr.  1020,  and  resembled  inflammatory  urine. 
(HelUrs  yfrchiv.  f^  phys,  u,  path,  Chemie  u,  MikroscopU^  III  Jahrgang, 
1846,  pp.  Ill — 124.) 

7.  Dr.  DE  Moor  took  gr  J,  and  experienced  flow  of  tasteless,  dear 
water  into  mouth,  running  out  in  great  quantity,  with  retching  and 
straining  that  brought  up  nothing  beyond  a  little  clear  mucus  ;  eructa- 
tions, sometimes  tasteless,  sometimes  nauseous  ;  indescribable  malaise 
in  region  of  stomach  and  abdomen,  on  touching  parts  gently  pain 
increases  in  stomach  but  in  abdomen  is  relieved  ;  dull  belly-ache,  with 
slight  horripilation  and  goose-skin  ;  easy  expectoration  of  a  good  deal 
of  sweetish,  transparent  mucus  ;  frequent  yawning;  slight  chills,  with 
drowsiness  and  weakness.  (Allen's  Encyclopedia^  vol,  i,  from  Rev*  de 
la  Mai.  Med,  Spcc.^  v,  436.) 

8,  a, — Following  the  example  of  Dr.  Maycrhofer,  I  began,  Sept. 
1st,  1866,  with  I  milligramme  at  8  a,m,,  pulse  being  73*  No  efl^ect. 
At  3.15,  pulse  71,  took  2  mlgrms.  After  about  f  h,  felt  rather  uncom* 
fortable  for  10  m.j  pulse  rose  to  72  and  73,  after  subsiding  of  discom- 
fort returning  to  71.  On  2nd,  at  8  a.m.  took  3  mlgrms.  After  45  m. 
some  discomfort,  disappearing  after  12  m.  On  3rd,  took  at  same  h.  4 
mfgrms.  ;  pulse  72.  After  40  m,  slight  headache,  nausea,  and  very 
acute  sticking  pain  in  epigastrium,  disappearing  in  J  h.  Pulse  74  ;  in 
i  h.  70,  in  another  J  h.  68.  Appetite  at  noon  diminished.  At  3  pjn., 
pulse  73,  injected  I  cxm,  of  a  strong  solution  (—  J  cgm.)  into  I. 
thigh,  pulse  73*  After  5  m.  vivid  redness  and  burning  pain  at  point 
of  injection,  relieved  by  cold  compresses  ;  pulse  75.  10  m.  after 
violent  heat,  headache,  nausea,  weakness,  gradually  increasing,  till 
after  10  m,  more  sweat  broke  out;  pulse  79,  Much  exhausted  ;  felt 
great  need  of  rest.  Pulse  after  15  m.  72,  after  another  J  h,  67,  In  e. 
took  very  little  food^  and  then  felt  constant  burning  in  throat,  swallow- 
ing also  was  difficult,  anorexia,  increased  thirst,  sleep  broken.  4th. — 
On  waking  slight  headache  in  vertex,  and  little  appetite  for  breakfast. 
Took  about  8  mlgrms.  of  ant.  tart.;  pulse  71.  After  38  m.  came 
first  symptoms  of  discomfort,-  soon  disappearing,  but  lO  m,  later 
returning  with  increased  violence.  Very  disagreeable  pressure  with 
anxiety  in  scrob.  cordis,  which  was  distended,  and  very  sensitive  to 
touch,  which  caused  a  shooting ;  constant  recurrence  of  yawnings, 
eructations,  and  rumbling  in  abdomen  ;  alternations  of  chill  and  heat ; 
feeling  of  coldness  in  bands  and  feet ;  pulse  74.  After  15  m.  this 
condition  entirely  disappeared,  aud  gave  plare  to  weakness,  weariness, 
and  prostration  of  limbs,  so  that  he  could  hardly  rise  from  his  chair  ; 
pulse  70.  Nausea  continued  all  d.,  with  disagreeable  taste  in  mouth 
and  copious  secretion  of  saliva.  Ate  scarcely  anything  all  d.  Per- 
sisting weakness  sent  hnii  to  bed  earlier  than  usual,  .^th.—  Rose  with 
confused  head  and  weakness  of  limbs,  otherwise  well.  At  8  took  1 
centigramme  of  ant.  t.  ;  pulse  70,  After  J  h.  nausea,  yawning^ 
eructations,  rumbling,  pain   and   pressure  fn   epigastric  region,  accele- 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM.  287 

rated  respiration  (20),  headache,  burning  in  throat,  dysphagia,  accu- 
mulation of  saliva  in  mouth,  chilliness,  weakness,  and  retching ;  pulse 
75.  These  symptoms  gradually  diminished,  and  in  ^  h.  only  dulncss 
of  head  and  weakness  remained  ;  pulse  69.  There  was  great  aversion 
to  all  kinds  of  food,  and  scarcely  had  some  soup  (swallowing  of  which 
was  very  painful)  been  taken  at  noon  when  most  violent  retching  came 
on,  but  without  vomiting.  A  disagreeable  taste  in  mouth  obliged  him 
to  drink  much  cold  water  all  d.,  which  afforded  some  relief  to  this  and 
to  dysphagia.  Weariness  caused  early  retirement,  and  sleep  was  good. 
Next  d.  not  much  appetite,  epigastric  region  felt  painful  ;  headache 
persisted,  but  only  to  slight  degree.     Dysphagia  considerably  relieved. 

b.  On  8th,  feeling  perfectly  well,  took  i  cgrm.  at  8  a.m.  ;  pulse 
74.  After  30  m.  felt  first  indications  of  nausea ;  pulse  79.  With 
increasing  nausea  pulse  rose  to  84  :  there  was  violent  retching,  chilliness, 
perspiration,  and  vomiting  of  some  of  his  breakfast  ;  pulse  88.  With 
increasing  weakness  and  diminution  of  nausea  pulse  fell  to  71,  and  \  h. 
later  to  67.  At  noon  most  intense  aversion  to  food,  sight  of  which 
causes  qualmishness.  During  d.  weakness,  headache,  and  pain  in 
abdomen,  latter  increased  in  severity  by  slightest  movement.  At  n. 
slept  little  and  very  uneasily.  9th. — Woke  with  confused  head 
and  burning  in  oesophagus  ;  at  breakfast  little  appetite  ;  pulse  69. 
Took  12  mlgrms.  After  34  m.  nausea,  epigastric  region  swollen  and 
very  painful ;  pulse  72.  These  symptoms  disappeared,  but  returned  in 
greater  violence  after  5  m.,  with  metallic  taste,  salivation,  burning  in 
throat,  coldness  of  extremities,  retching,  chilliness,  sweat  ;  pulse  77. 
Drank  cold  water :  pulse  fell  to  72,  but  soon  rose  to  79.  Symptoms 
disappeared  after  i^  h.  ;  pulse  72  ;  only  weakness,  confusion  of  head, 
and  pain  in  cesophagus  remained.  After  i^  h.  counted  65  weak  beats 
of  heart.  Through  d.  copious  saliva  and  no  appetite.  On  following 
days  weak  and  prostrated  ;  eyes  surrounded  by  blue  rings,  and  sunken  j 
headache  absent  only  for  short  periods  ;  pulse  69  and  70. 

c.  Dec.  1 2th,  injected  i  cgm.  in  solution  into  a  superficial  vein  in 
1.  forearm.  He  had  scarcely  emptied  syringe  when  he  experienced 
raging  headache,  saw  sparks  of  fire,  had  burning  heat  in  face  and  con- 
siderable pressure  in  brain  ;  at  same  time  violent  precordial  anxiety. 
Dyspnoea  followed,  all  became  black  before  eyes,  he  was  so  giddy  that 
he  was  obliged  to  sit  down  ;  vomited  green  masses  with  great  effort. 
Very  free  haemorrhage  from  seat  of  injection,  requiring  persistent  com- 
pression  to  stop  it.  Through  d.  felt  weak,  as  from  severe  illness. 
13th. — Headache  and  pain  in  stomach  continued  ;  took  7  mlgrms., 
after  which  there  was  nausea  but  no  vomiting.  Pulse  rose  within  34 
m.  from  75  to  79,  and  i  h.  later  fell  to  70.  Little  appetite  ;  slight 
diarrhceic  stools. 

d.  On  14th  injected  about  i^  cgrms.  into  I.  forearm;  pulse  68. 
Immediately  violent  burning  at  point  of  injection,  which  Kxjked  very 
red.  Face  became  hot ;  violent  headache  in  vertex  and  pressure  'u\ 
brain,  and  very  anxious  sensation  in  pit  of  stomach,  nausea,  retching, 
chilliness,  and  after  25  m.  vomiting  of  green  masses,  with  outbreak  of 
copious  perspiration.  Pulse  80,  very  small.  The  whole  d.  very  weak 
and  unfit  for  any  effort.     On  two  following  d.  headache  continued, 


288 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM. 


with  sensitiveness  in  epigastrium,  complete  loss  of  appetite,  and  dimi- 
nished digestive  power.  17th, — At  7*15  a.m.  took  ijcgrm,;  pulse 
72.  In  i  h.  symptoms  previously  observed  returned  ;  pulse  83, 
Headache  and  weariness  lasted  through  d*  Sleep  at  n.  short,  restless  ; 
some  diarrhcea. 

e.  In  spite  of  unpleasant  remembrance  of  former  injection  into 
vein,  he  repeated  it  on  j8th,  with  |  cgrm.  Immediately  frightful 
headache,  heat  of  face,  vision  of  sparks,  very  anxious  sensation  in 
stomach, — in  short,  same  symptoms  as  after  former  injection.  Retch- 
ing without  vomiting.  Inflammation  of  the  spot  where  injection  was 
performed.  '^  On  this  d.  I  examined  my  urine  with  nitric  acid  and 
microscopically.  After  the  acid  there  was  slight  turbidity,  and  the 
microscope  showed  desquamated  epithelium  of  the  uriniferous  tubes. 
This  led  me  to  discontinue  further  experiments  on  myself/*  Turbidity 
of  urine  lasted  2  d.j  painjn  stomach  and  head,  and  dysphagia,  dis- 
appeared after  3  d,,  and  appetite  returned  ;  but  even  after  2  months 
there  were  frequently  recurring  digestive  troubles*  During  proving 
N.  lost  7  lb.  \n  weight.  (A.  Nobilikg,  Xehschrift  fur  BiologU^ 
Munich,  1868,  iv,  4.2—46.) 

9.  17.  Being  in  good  health,  pulse  64,  took  at  8  a.m.,  fasting, 
5  mlgrms.  of  tart,  em*  in  water.  Dose  was  repeated  for  5  d,  with- 
out perceptible  effect.  On  6th  d*j  at  4  p,m,,  respiration  seemed  a 
httle  less  free  ;  but  feeling  no  other  effects,  and  appetite  continuing 
good,  took  about  9  p.m.  a  dose  of  i  cgrm*  The  n.  was  rest- 
less, sleep  interrupted  by  a  fatiguing  heat  ;  felt  necessitated  to  drink 
several  times  ;  respiration  slightly  impeded.  On  rising,  general 
uneasiness  ;  weariness  similar  to  what  follows  a  febrile  fit  \  mouth 
clammy.  At  8  a.m.  i  cgrm.  No  appetite  for  breakfast.  All  d. 
in  same  state :  about  5  p.m.  greater  uneasiness,  especiallv  about 
epigastric  region  ;  nausea  ;  desire  to  vomit  but  without  result  ;  respi- 
ration more  impeded  ;  short  dry  cough,  pretty  frequent  ;  great  thirst : 
heat  in  head  j  white  tongue  ;  drinks  always  appear  too  sweet ;  clammy 
mouth  J  two  loose  evacuations  during  d,  ;  palpitation  ;  bruised  feeling 
and  general  weariness,  compelling  retirement  to  rest  at  8,  Ear 
applied  to  chest  gave  evidence  of  nothing  abnormal,  save  that  respira- 
tion appeared  much  too  rough.  At  9  p.m.  took  5  mlgrms.  Agitated 
sleep,  difficult  respiration,  feeling  of  pressure  on  chest  dnring  sleep. 
At  5  a.m.  wakened  by  violent  rigor,  lasting  20  m,,  and  followed  by 
heat  ;  pulse,  which  had  hitherto  been  little  affected,  increased  to  78, 
was  full  and  strong  ;  skin  hot ;  face  red ;  thirst  urgent  ;  heat  in  head  i 
pretty  strong  palpitation ;  slight  burning  at  stomach,  fulness,  and 
inclination  to  vomit  ;  respiration  very  much  impeded,  with  feeling  of 
pressure  and  constriction  of  chest  ^  cough  frequent,  and  a  little 
moister  i  on  auscultation,  respiration  appeared  rougher  than  on  pre- 
vious e.,  and  deep  inspiration  was  accompanied  by  slight  pain  under  1. 
nipple.  N.  very  agitated  ;  disagreeable  dreams,  even  nightmare. 
Took  no  more  medicine.  Continued  much  the  same  till  e.  of  loth 
d.,  when  pulse  was  72  ;  respiration  somewhat  less  difficult  i  cough  the 
same  \  hardly  any  pain  in  side  ;  great  thirst  \  much  uneasiness  ;  11, 
rather  less  restless.     On  i  ith  d.,  a  little  less  roughness  in  breathing  (on 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM.  289 

auscultation) ;  cessation  of  pain  ;  skin  still  hot;  thirst  less  ;  uneasiness 
diminished  ;  appetite  in  part  returned ;  respiration  still  obstructed  ; 
cough  a  little  less  ;  n.  more  tranquil.  The  symptoms  continued  to 
diminish,  so  that  by  i8th  d.  there  remained  nothing  but  slight  cough, 
which  persisted  some  time  longer. 

b.  Three  months  later,  during  8  d.  took  each  m.  5  mlgrms. 
without  feeling  anything.  The  9th  d.,  at  8  p.m.,  took  i  cgrm. 
The  n.  was  somewhat  disturbed,  and  the  respiration  rather  less  free. 
A  little  weariness  on  rising  next  m. ;  took  another  cgrm.  During 
d.  some  uneasiness  ;  mouth  clammy  \  little  appetite ;  breathing  im- 
peded. About  10  p.m.  5  mlgrms. ;  sleep  very  disturbed^  and  towards 
m.  uneasiness,  especially  at  epigastrium  ;  some  nausea  ;  loss  of  appe- 
tite 'y  respiration  impeded  ;  a  watery  stool  at  n. ;  great  fatigue  ;  urgent 
thirst.  From  m.  of  8th  d.  cough  appeared,  and  went  on  increasing ; 
it  is  short,  frequent,  and  painful;  auscultation  gave  no  results.  At 
9  a.m.  I  cgrm.  In  course  of  d.  rigor,  lasting  J  h.,  with  burning  in 
head  and  beating  of  heart ;  thirst ;  inclination  to  vomit ;  pulse  80^ 
strong ;  skin  hot ;  cough  dry  and  painful  ;  considerable  difficulty  of 
respiration ;  sensation  of  weight  on  chest ;  auscultation  finds  rough 
respiratory  sounds ;  general  bruised  feeling.  This  state  continued  all 
d.  and  n.,  latter  disturbed  by  strange  and  fatiguing  dreams.  Two 
watery  stools  in  the  24  h.  On  following  d.  symptoms  declined,  but 
more  slowly  than  first  time,  so  that  by  25th  d.  health  was  not  entirely 
restored.     (Molin,  Des  Specifiques  en  Midecine^  Paris,  1847.) 

c.  On  July  5th,  1855,  began  to  take  2  drops  of  6th  m.  and  e. 
During  10  d.  felt  nothing  abnormal.  From  i6th  onwards  heat  of 
stomach  after  dinner^  which  in  5  d.  more  came  to  last  all  d.  On  23rd 
increased  dose  to  4  drs.  Now  difficulty  in  getting  to  sleep,  sleep  dis- 
turbed ;  mouth  pasty  and  bitter ;  lively  thirst,  but  after  drinking 
precordial  uneasiness.  After  bad  n.,  had  on  24th  no  appetite  for 
breakfiist  and  malaise  all  d.,  with  precordial  uneasiness  after  ingestion 
of  either  solids  or  liquids.  After  dinner,  some  griping  below  navel, 
followed  by  loose  and  copious  stool.  Similar  symptoms  continued 
up  to  26th,  when  there  was  added  heat  at  anus  after  greenish  stool ; 
headache ;  heaviness  over  eyes ;  nausea ;  and  ineffectual  efforts  to 
vomit.  In  e.,  weight  on  chest  and  dyspncea  ;  also  bad  humour, 
all  noise  about  him  seeming  intolerable.  Pulse  68.  27th. — Was 
awoke  this  m.  at  2  by  colic,  followed  by  a  liquid  evacuation  of 
greenish  colour ;  burning  pain  at  anus  during  and  after  evacua- 
tion ;  stomach  distended  and  sensitive  to  touch.  Intense  thirst. 
Headache  is  more  severe  and  head  very  confused.  Eyes  feel  larger 
and  swollen.  Breathing  short,  anxious,  and  very  difficult.  Now 
and  then  a  little  dry  cough.  Pulse  72,  and  full.  Rose  at  lo;  had 
cramps  in  legs,  and  constant  desire  to  stretch  ;  no  appetite,  but  forced 
myself  to  eat.  Scarcely  was  meal  over  but  sickness  began,  increasing 
till  I  vomited.  I  became  very  pale  and  felt  stifled  ;  I  had  also  eastric 
pains,  to  which  I  am  subject.  Am  obliged  to  stop  taking  medicine. 
Same  state  of  suffering  continued  all  d.,  and  I  only  took  broth  and  wine 
now  and  then.  Restless  at  n.,  and  sleep  bad.  28th. — At  4  a.m.  a 
motion,  semi-liquid.     I  can  take  no  breakfast  on  account  of  the  sick- 

19 


2<fO 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM. 


ness^  which  still  continues*  I  suffer  much  pain  in  legs,  and  my 
stomach  is  very  painful,  although  these  are  chronic  pains  to  which 
I  am  subject*  My  breathing  is  oppressed  and  my  face  pale,  I  ate 
a  little  at  mid-day  and  also  in  the  e,,  but  without  relish.  I  have 
great  thirst,  with  a  desire  for  strong  liquors  and  acids.  Slept  pretty 
well.  29th. — Awoke  feeling  sick  ;  head  confused  ]  conjunctiva 
rather  yellow ;  complexion  not  so  pale.  After  breakfast  bowels  were 
relaxed.  After  dinner  another  motion,  of  a  greenish  colour.  I  felt 
very  tired,  and  a  strong  inclination  to  go  to  bed.  At  n.  bad  trouble- 
some dreams  and  nightmare.  30th. ^ — Still  feci  very  tired,  with  a 
great  desire  to  stretch  myself.  Pulse  64.  My  face  has  resumed  its 
natural    colour.       After   breakfast  had   a  semi-liquid    motion.       The 

fastralgic  symptoms  continue.  Head  and  chest  become  comfortable. 
dine  with  a  good  appetite;  and  I  sleep  well.  31st. — All  symptoms 
are  abating,  and  on  Aug.  2nd  I  find  myself  in  my  usual  state  of 
health. 

li,  June  3rd. — In  good  health.  I  commence  to  take  every  d,  a 
drop  of  the  iSih  dil.  m,  and  e.  1  ith. — No  symptoms  having  occurred 
I  double  the  dose  (2  drops).  15th. — Sleep  was  rather  uneasy  in  the  n. 
1 6th. —  In  m.,  and  at  noon,  the  bowels  were  relaxed.  1  have  general 
uneasiness.  21st. — Nothing.  I  take  4  drops  m,  and  e.  22nd. — 
Uneasy  night ;  awoke  frequently,  I  have  not  much  appetite.  Stomach 
feels  uncomfortable,  and  1  have  some  pain  in  bowels.  For  last  4  d., 
motions  have  been  soft.  Head  a  little  confused.  26th. — I  take  6 
drops  m.  and  e.  27th,— Did  not  sleep  well ;  had  several  emissions 
of  urine.  Thirsty  ;  stomach  very  uncomfortable ;  no  appetite.  At 
12  I  took  breakfast,  which  I  enjoyed.  After  that  had  pains  in  bowels 
and  a  soft  motion.  Then  felt  easier,  and  was  pretty  well  rest  of  d. 
Had  strong  palpitations  in  n.  which  awoke  me.  Head  felt  heavy. 
Was  very  hot ;  a  dry  heat,  so  disagreeable  that  I  got  up.  Extreme 
thirst.  28th. — Head  stili  heavy  ;  feel  fatigued.  After  breakfast,  slight 
pains  in  bowels ;  head  heavy ;  sleepy.  Fell  asleep  in  my  chair^ 
and  awoke  in  20  m.  with  palpitation.  Dined  without  appetite  and 
was  afterwards  seized  with  colic,  followed  by  an  abundant  liquid  motion, 
accompanied  by  pain  in  bowels  and  back.  29th. — Awoke  at  I  a*m. 
with  strong  palpitations.  Head  uneasy,  but  not  aching.  Felt  irritable 
and  wished  to  rise.  The  uneasiness  continued  all  n.  In  m.  I  greatly 
desired  some  cold  drink.  General  lassitude  ;  pale  face  ;  no  appetite. 
At  noon,  breakfasted  in  pain.  An  hour  after,  I  had  colic  and  an  action 
of  the  bowels.  Feel  fatigued  ;  have  pain  in  back,  and  a  wish  to  stand 
up  ;  also  cramps  in  the  legs.  I  have  very  great  fatigue  ;  head  is  still 
heavy  ;  no  appetite.  At  n.  uneasy,  but  not  so  much  so  as  on  the 
preceding  one  ;  palpitations  are  less  violent.  30th. — After  breakfast, 
an  abundant  liquid  motion,  but  no  colic.  Breaching  is  oppressed  ;  it 
requires  an  effort  to  take  an  inspiration.  Heart  beats  more  quickly. 
Very  little  appetite  for  dinner  ;  feel  sick  ;  have  great  thirst.  Feel  so 
uncomfortable  that  I  am  compelled  to  go  to  bed.  At  midnight,  I 
awake  with  palpitation  j  pain  at  base  of  r.  lung,  increased  by  taking  a 
long  breath  ;  respiration  difficult  and  incomplete.  Dry  cough.  Much 
thirst.      Pulse  85.     About  4  a.m*  slept  quietly  and  perspired  profusely. 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM.  291 

July  1st. — No  appetite  ;  feel  sick  ;  pain  in  side  is  less.  After  soup 
taken  at  mid-day  another  motion  with  colic.  Head  is  hot  ;  skin  dry. 
Pulse  continues  more  frequent.  I  am  ill-tempered.  Could  take  no 
dinner.  At  9  p.m.  griping  pains  ;  also  felt  a  want  of  food.  Took  a 
little  wine  with  sugar,  and  two  biscuits.  Then  I  went  to  bed  quite 
exhausted.  2nd. — Sleep  has  been  disturbed.  At  2  a.m.,  awoke  with 
the  pain  in  my  side,  which  was  worse  ;  to  lie  on  that  side  was  so 
distressing  that  I  had  to  change  my  position.  The  difficulty  of  breath- 
ing increases  the  pain,  and  respiration  is  imperfect.  The  lungs  feel 
full  (distended) ;  dry  and  frequent  cough.  Clothes  feel  too  tight  j 
obliged  to  unbutton  my  shirt  collar.  Determination  of  blood  to 
head  ;  palpitation  on  left  side.  Skin  is  dry  and  very  hot.  Face  much 
altered.  Great  thirst  ^  nausea.  In  bed  I  am  very  uncomfortable.  I 
leave  ofF  the  medicine,  but  symptoms  continue.  I  have  a  bitter 
taste  and  headache.  At  noon  I  eat  a  little.  Headache  is  diminishing  ; 
skin  not  so  dry.  I  lay  down  and  slept  4  h.  Headache  then  much 
less.  For  dinner,  broth  and  meat.  Afterwards,  a  copious  stool.  I  am 
excessively  fatigued,  and  have  pain  in  the  back.  At  n.  I  am  very 
restless,  and  have  much  pain,  but  no  palpitation  ^  stomach  more 
comfortable.  3rd. — I  eat  with  a  relish.  Lungs  are  more  free  ;  pain 
in  the  side  is  less  ;  headache  is  diminishing.  No  action  of  bowels 
to-day.  A  pretty  good  n.  4th. — When  I  awake  I  am  almost 
free  from  pain  j  headache  gone.  Still  some  discomfort  of  stomach, 
but  I  eat  with  relish.  Pain  in  side  and  breathing  not  yet  quite  right. 
No  motion.  Good  n.  5th. — Stomach  is  all  right ;  slight  uneasiness 
in  side.  Appetite  good.  Bowels  all  right.  loth. — All  the  symptoms 
are  gone  ;  I  am  in  perfect  health. 

1  think  I  may  reasonably  conclude  that  infinitesimal  doses,  on  both 
man  and  animals,"^  produce  pathogenetic  effects,  and  that  these  patho- 
IcN^ical  changes  may  be  compared  to  spontaneously  developed  diseases. 
{Compte  rendu  du  Congris  MJd.  Horn,  de  Bruxelles^  1856.) 

TO.  Dr.  Jankovich,  of  Ofen,  on  14th  July,  1841,  took  a  dose  of 
the  following  mixture  every  hour :  Tartarised  antimony,  1 2  gr. 
dissolved  in  3  drachms  of  distilled  water,  of  mucilage  and  opiate  syrup 
each  i  oz.  Dr.  J.  took  8  gr.  of  A.  t.  in  5  doses,  or  i  \  gr.  per  hour, 
commencing  at  1 1  a.m.  ohortly  after  the  first  dose  he  suffered  from 
giddiness  and  a  feeling  of  illness  ;  after  the  second  a  shivering  all  over, 
cold  perspiration,  nausea,  and  retching ;  after  the  third,  a  painful 
feeling  in  pit  of  stomach,  with  vomiting  of  much  mucus  and  bile  j 
uneasiness  in  bowels,  but  without  pain  or  purging  \  excessive  and 
constant  perspiration ;  increased  flow  of  saliva,  and  thirst,  which  he  was 
compelled  to  satisfy  by  taking  small  quantities  of  cold  water.  He  was 
so  depressed  and  weak  that  he  could  not  rise  from  his  seat.  The  fourth 
dose  was  followed  by  increased  illness,  vomiting,  and  purging.  After 
the  fifth  such  apathy  and  disgust  that  he  felt  quite  ready  to  die.  His 
repugnance  to  any  more  doses  was  such  that  he  found  it  impossible  to 
continue  it.  He  took  some  broth,  which,  however,  he  speedily 
vomited  \  this  was  followed  by  a  further  action  on  the  bowels,  nausea, 
perspiration,  and  great  depression,  lasting  until  n.     He  slept  calmly, 

•  See  III,  7. 


292 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM. 


|bid  the  symptoms  had  disappeared  next  d,     {Med,  Jahrb.  des  asierr. 
Staatis^  1842,  p*  49.) 

ii»  Dr.  Wetzler,  of  Augsburg,  dissolved  12  grains  of  A,  t. 
\n  6  oz.  of  water,  and  took  a  tablcspoonful  (i  grain)  every  hour  from 
5  a.m.  till  3  p,m.  The  pulse  was  slightly  increased.  In  i^  h,  there 
was  nausea  with  vomiting  of  a  mucous  fluid,  but  this  ceased  and  did 
not  return;  there  was  then  abundant  perspiration  for  12  m.  The 
tongue  was  dry  and  brownish  yellow.  In  5  h.  there  was  intense  thirst. 
In  7  h.  complete  loss  of  appetite,  fulness  of  head,  heat  of  forehead,  great 
depression,  and  a  feeling  of  general  illness.  At  3  p.m.  could  take  no 
more  antimonial  mixture.  In  a  few  d.  he  recovered.  A  fortnight 
afterwards  he  repeated  the  experiment  with  like  results,  except  that, 
from  a  feeling  of  the  greatest  loathing,  he  could  only  take  the  anti- 
monial solution  for  7  h.  In  14  d.  more,  he  repeated  the  experiment 
again,  and  the  solution  was  for  taken  \o\  h.  Violent  vomiting  followed, 
and  on  this  occasion  the  illness  was  more  severe.  Dr.  Wetzler  felt  he 
could  not  continue  his  experiments.  {N.  Jahrh.  d.  teutsch,  M,  u* 
CA.,  xii,  1.) 

12.  To  a  strong  young  man  I  gave  tart,  em.  in  i  gr.  doses  every 
10  m.  for  nearly  7  h.,  inducing  great  nausea  and  vomiting,  with  profuse 
perspiration  ;  but  during  the  whole  time  his  temperature  remained 
remarkably  constant,  varying  not  more  than  0*4^  Fahr.  (Ringer, 
op,  cit.) 

13.  Dr.  Sharp  took  a  drop  of  rst  diUn  5J  of  water,  pulse  being  72, 
and  resp.  18.  During  next  h.  pulse  varied  from  66  to  74;  but 
breathing,  rising  at  4th  m.  to  20,  fell  through  next  24  m.  to  10,  when 
it  consisted  of  deep  uncomfortable  sighings.  During  14  m.  more  it 
continued  to  fall  until  tt  became  only  6  in  the  m.  :  it  then  rose,  and 
by  end  of  h.  was  18  as  at  first.     {Essays  on  Medicine^  p.  726.) 

14.  AcKERMA^fN  selected  three  healthy  young  men,  aet,  21 — 23, 
and  made  3  sets  of  experiments  on  each,  with  6  d.  intervening.  On 
d.  before  each  experiment,  subject  was  kept  on  regulated  diet  5  on  d. 
itself  nothing  was  taken  save  cup  of  coffee  in  m.  Subject  was  weighed 
after  bowels  and  bladder  had  been  emptied,  and  then  went  to  bed  and 
remained  tranquilly  in  it  for  9  h.  Every  5  m.  pulse  and  resp.  were 
counted,  and  temp,  of  mouth  and  hands  determined.  After  remaining 
in  bed  i  h.,  a  certain  quantity  of  tarr.  em.  was  given,  usually  4  cgrms. ; 
and  this  dose,  doubled  or  halved  according  to  its  slight  or  severe  effect, 
was  repeated.  In  i  h.  after  drug  had  been  taken  bladder  was  emptied, 
and  from  this  time  urine  was  considered  to  be  under  the  medicinal 
influence.      Fhe  following  were  the  results  : 

a.  Pulse.— Fur  a  variable  time,  according  to  the  individual  or  dose 
(length  of  time  being  inversely  as  the  dose),  no  effect  was  produced. 
Then  commenced  acceleration  of  the  pulse ;  and  at  the  same  time,  or 
a  few  m,  after,  nausea  was  perceived.  These  two  symptoms  increased 
together,  the  former  reaching  its  maximum  with  vomiting,  then 
declining  slightly,  then  remaining  stationary  for  a  time,  and  afterwards 
undergoing  changes.  The  quickening  of  the  pulse  could  be  taken  as 
the  measure  of  the  nausea,  varying  in  amount  with  it,  before  vomiting 
came  on.     Amount  of  nausea  and  rapidity  of  pulse  rose  as  the  dose  of 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM. 


^93 


A.  t.  was  increased.  The  mean  maximum  of  the  rise  (in  three  men) 
was  42  per  m.  Never  during  the  nausea  did  the  pulse^  even  after 
vomiting,  sink  to  the  normal  standard.  The  pulse  was  weaker  as  well 
as  quicker,  that  is,  the  wave  of  blood  was  smaller  as  felt  by  the  finger,  1 
A  diminution  in  the  strength  and  extent  of  the  heart's  impulse  was 
felt  at  the  same  time*  The  frequency  and  strength  of  the  pulse  were 
therefore  in  an  inverse  ratio.  When  the  nausea  ceased  the  pulse  fell 
somewhat,  but  still  remained  frequent  for  a  time,  then  increased  again, 
and  then  finally  declined.  The  second  was  never  equal  to  the  primary 
rise,  it  was  greater  and  earlier  in  proportion  to  the  dose.  The  size  of 
the  pulse  was  greater  than  in  the  primary  rise,  and  the  heart's  action 
was  increased.  A  fall  in  the  pulse  ratio  to  below  normal  was  never 
seen  by  Ackermann  during  first  8  h.  after  a  small  or  medium  dose  ot 
A.  t.  The  weakness  of  the  pulse,  i,e,  diminution  of  lateral  pressure, 
was  proved  by  Lenz  by  ha?madynamometric  researches.  The  frequency 
of  the  pulse  was  referred  to  a  weakened  or  paralytic  condition  of  the  vagus. 

h.  Temperature, — From  5  to  30  m,  after  quickening  of  pulse  and 
nausea  the  temperature  of  the  hand  diminished.  It  bore  a  relation  to 
the  rapidity  of  pulse  and  nausea,  was  in  proportion  to  cyanosis  of  hands 
and  face,  and  gave  the  patient  a  sensation  of  general  coldness.  It  was 
in  proportion  to  the  dose  of  A.  t.  Cyanosis  disappeared,  and  tern* 
perature  of  hand  usually  rose  (even  to  above  normal)  after  cessation  of 
nausea  and  vomiting,  and  about  the  time  of  the  secondary  rising  of  the 
pulse,  when  impulse  of  heart  and  size  of  pulse  were  alike  increased. 
The  temperature  of  the  mouth  was  not  lowered  ;  it  was  either  normal, 
or  varied  very  slightly  until  the  secondary  rising  of  the  pulse,  when  it 
increased  about  i*^  F.  on  an  average. 

f.  Respirations, — The  respirations  at  first  were  quickened,  lessened 
after  the  nausea  was  over  to  normal,  and  rose  somewhat  with  secondary 
rising  of  the  pulse. 

d.  Excretions  ^nd  Secretions, — With  the  nausea  there  was  increase  in 
the  saliva,  which  was  greatest  shortly  before  vomiting*  It  came  mostly 
from  the  parotid,  and  caused  frequent  deglutition.  Referred  to  irritation 
of  glosso'pharyngeal  nerve,  the  gustatory  branches  of  the  fifth  or  the 
vagus,  or,  probably,  due  to  nervous  and  vascular  paralysis.  The  total 
excretions  of  the  body  were  augmented  according  to  the  dose.  The 
*' insensible  perspiration  "  (skin  and  lungs)  was  increased  by  one  half] 
in  some  cases,  in  others  doubled  or  more  than  doubled.  These 
included  clammy  sweats  on  forehead  during  nausea,  perspiration  during 
vomiting,  and  increased  pulmonary  exhalation.  The  quantity  of  vomited 
matters  depended  on  largeness  of  the  dose.  There  was  purging  in 
some  cases.  The  water  of  the  urine  was  lessened,  in  proportion  to  the 
dose,  and  to  the  amount  of  the  other  excretions.  The  quantity  or 
urea  was  increased  on  an  average  by  |ch  or  even  |th,  almost  constantly 
in  proportion  to  the  dose.  The  quantity  of  chloride  of  sodium  was 
less,  especially  when  diarrhoea  occurred.  Pigment  and  uric  acid 
increased  generally,  and  the  amount  of  free  acidity  was  variable.  1 

#,  Summing  up  of  Ackermann's  results  : 
(i)  Tartar  emetic  quickens  the  action  of  the    heart,  possibly  by 
partially  paralysing  the  vagus. 


194 


ANTLVIONIUM   TARTARICUM, 


(2)  It  weakens  at  first  the  force  of  the  heart  from  an  uncertam 
cause  ;  subsequently,  when  its  effects  are  passing  otf,  the  heart's  action 
augments  in  force. 

(3)  Jf  produces  at  first  general  capillary  and  venous  hypera&mia, 
on  account  of  the  weakened  heart,  and  afterwards  general  relaxation  of 
the  vessels^  when  the  effects  are  passing  off,  and  when  the  heart's 
action  increases. 

(4)  It  causes  increased  action  of  the  skin  during  the  hyperaemia 
(cold  and  clammy  sweats)  and  during  the  after  period  of  increased 
action  (warm  sweating). 

(5)  It  lowers  during  the  first  period  the  temperature  of  extreme 
parts,  and  subsequently  causes  a  moderate  rise  of  temperature  over  the 
normal  amount. 

(6)  It  increases  the  number  of  respirations,  and  probably  augments 
the  pulmonary  exhalations. 

(7)  It  augments  the  gastric  and  intestinal  secretions,  producing 
vomiting  and  sometimes  purging. 

(6)  It  augments  the  flow  of  parotid  secretion,  whether  from 
irritation  (direct  or  reflected)  or  paralysis  of  the  nerves  is  uncertain. 

(9)  It  lessens  the  urinary  water  and  chloride  of  sodium,  on  account 
of  the  increased  discharges  from  the  stomach,  intestines,  skin,  and  lungs. 

(10)  It  augments  the  urea  and  uric  acid  from  heightened  meta- 
morphosis. 

(11)  On  the  whole,  in  spite  of  the  lessening  of  the  urinary  water, 
it  augments  the  total  excretions,  even  when  there  is  no  vomiting  or 
purging,  and  this  is  produced  especially  by  its  great  action  on  the  skiji. 
{Brit,  and  For,  Med,-Chir.  RivUwy  xxiii,  346.) 

15.  6th  April,  from  7.45  to  1 1,  took  5  tablespoonfuls  of  a  solution 
of  ant.  t,  gram.  0*100  in  10  tablespoonfuls  water;  at  1 1  p.m,  and 
12.30  a.m.,  I  tablcspoooful.  After  3  tablespoonfuls  slight  nausea. 
After  the  4th  tablespoonful  occasional  eructation.  After  the  Sth  table- 
spoonful  at  I  [  a.m.  a  normal  stool,  accompanied  by  horripilation  through 
skin,  pinching  pain  below  navel,  nausea  which  frequently  recurred. 
During  the  pain  felt  exhausted  and  weak,  when  the  pain  was  gone  felt 
quite  wet  J,  only  must  spit  frequently.  App.  diminished.  After  eating, 
rumbling  in  bowels.  At  2.20  and  3,10  p.m,,  i  tablespoonful ;  at  3.30, 
rumbling  in  bowels.  At  4  and  5  p.m.,  i  tablespoonful  ;  at  10.30  p.m. 
a  second  stool.     Took  2  more  doses  without  any  effect. — 7th.  g,  10, 

11  a.m.,  3,  4,  4^35,  5  p.m.,  i  tablespoonful  oi  a  soK  of  0*150  gr,  to  5 
02.  water  ;  5*40,  6.30,  9.30,  1 1  p.m.,  2  tablespoonfuls  of  a  soK  of 
o"200  gr.  to  5  oz.  water  ;  no  stool,  no  other  symptoms. — Sth.  Ant. 
t.  gram.  0*200.  in  5  oz.  water  j  7.33^  8.35,  9.35,  10.35,  11.30  a,m., 

12  noon,  I  tablespoonful.  Ant.  t.  gram.  0*220.  in  5  oz,  water;  3.40, 
4.45,  5.25,  6.5,  10.30,  I  tablespoonful.  M.,  some  tight  feeling  in  chest 
with  frequent  cough,  expectoration  of  some  mucus.  Discharge  of  foetid 
flatus.  At  1-39  p.m,,  aching  and  pinching  pains  in  belly  lasting  a  m. 
App.  little.  Tongue  in  ni.  thickly  furred.  Afternoon,  roughness  and 
tightness  in  chest  and  exj>cctoration  of  mucus,  frequent  discharge  of 
feet  id  flatus  preceded  by  rumbling  in  bowels.  Very  tired  m.  and  after- 
noon, as  after  great  exertion.     £.,  after  suppei,  aching  pains  in  abdomen 


I 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM.  295 

lasting  I  h.)  ameliorated  by  stretching  upper  body  backwards,  aggravated 
by  bending  body  forwards.     Rumbling  in   bowels,  as  if   water  were 
moving  in  them.     8  to  9  p.m.,  pains  ceased  after  eructation  and   dis- 
charge of  flatus.     1 1  p.m.,  a  thin  stool  with  relief.     Sleep  at  n.  very 
restless,  expectorated  mucus  at  n. — 9th.  At  8,  9.30,  11  a.m.,  12  noon, 
2.30  p.m.,  I  tablespoonful  of  last  sol.,  4.5,5.15,  i  tablespoonful  ant.  t. 
gram.  0*300  in  5  oz.  water.     App.  bad,  loathing  and  disgust  at  food.    M. 
and  afternoon  coughed  and  hawked  up  mucus.     No  stool. — loth,  at  7 
and  8  a.m.,  i  tablespoonful.     M.,  on  rising,  rather  hoarse,  expectorated 
some  thick  mucus.     After  2nd  dose,  nausea.     Drank  without  relish 
a  cupful  of  warm  milk,  and  ate  a  bit  of  bread.     Immediately  must  hurry 
to  stool,  and  had  a  normal  stool  with  slight  pain  in  belly.     Some  saliva 
ran  into  his  mouth,  must  often  spit,  and  threw  up  the  milk  and  bread  and 
some  mucus — not  sour.     Trembled  all  over,  was  much  affected,  hardly 
himself.     For  |  h.  after  the  vomiting,  the  respiration  was  very  deep. 
The  vomiting  had   a  favourable  effect  on  him,  he  felt  lighter,  more 
lively,  had  better  appetite,  but  could  eat  very  little.     Afternoon,  coughed 
and  hawked   up  mucus.     The  hoarseness    increased   in  e.     Was  up 
till  3  with  a  confinement,  hoarseness  increased,  got  a  short  cough  and 
pain  in  larynx.      He    left  off   taking  the  ant.  t.  and  his    hoarseness 
gradually  went  off,  app.  improved,  tongue  became  clean,  stools  normal. 
— 14th.  Ant.  t.  gram.  0'200  in  5  oz.  water,  at  1 1  a.m.  a  tablespoonful ; 
at  2.45,3.21,4.3,4.36,5.17,6.11  p.m.,  half  a  tablespoonful.  After  each 
dose  nausea.  After  dinner  a  thin  stool,  rumbling  and  pains  in  belly.  After- 
noon, expectorated  some  thick  mucus.     Tongue  furred.-^  15th,  at  7.10 
a.m.,  a  tablespoonful;  at  8.30,9.35,  10.37,  11.15,  11. 51    a.m.,  2.35, 
3.20,4.10,5  p.m.,  half  a  tablespoonful,  11. 10   p.m.,  i   tablespoonful. 
At  9  a.m.,  a  stool  softer  than  usual.     Rumbling  in  belly  followed  by 
nausea,  lasting  till  noon.     Soon  satiated  and  almost  sick  when  eating  ;  on 
leaving  ofFfor  a  little,  appetite  returned.    After  a  walk,  on  coming  into 
house,  had  when  coughing  a  peculiar  sensation  of  soreness  on  chest, 
and  expectorated  some  mucus.     At  11. 15  p.m.,  a  normal  stool. — i6th, 
at  7   a.m.,  a  tablespoonful ;    at  8.45,  9.45,  10.45   a.m.,  3,  4.23,  5.15, 
6,  6.37  p.m.,  half  a  tablespoonful ;   1  i.io  p.m.,  i   tablespoonful.     M., 
pains  and  rumbling  in  belly,  and  nausea    lastmg  i   h.      Forenoon, 
constant  nausea,  especially  when  swallowing  saliva.     Slight  nausea  in 
afternoon.     All  d.  some  coughing  and  hawking  of  mucus.     I'ongue 
furred  thickly,  yellow.     From  7.30  a.m.  till  7.13  p.m.  no  urine.     At 
II. 15  p.m.  a  soft  stool.— 17th,  ant.  t.  gram.  0*150  in  5  oz.  water,  at 
10.36,   1 1.25  a.m.,  12  noon,  2.20,  2.50,  3.50,  4.26,  5.15,6.5,  i  table- 
spoonful.    M,,  very  little   appetite,  some    slight    pains  in   abdomen. 
Feeling  of  fulness  in  stomach.     After  5  p.m.,  slight  but  increasing 
nausea,  with  rumbling  in  belly,  lasting  till  late  in  e.     Tongue  thickly 
furred.     Frequent  coughing  and  hawking  of  mucus.     Great  loathing 
at  the  medicine.     No  stool.     The  next  d.,  no  medicine  being  taken, 
the  symptoms  all  gradually  subsided  and  went  off.     During  the  proving 
there  was  a  slight  diminution  in  the  solid  constituents,  the   urea  and 
the  volatile  salts,  of  the  urine.     (Boecker,  op.  cit,^  ii,  324.) 

16.  The  effect  of  tart.  em.  on  the  urine  has  been  investigated  also 
by  Beigel.     His  experiments  were  made  on  2  men,  who  took  in  each 


296 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM. 


24  h.  2  grs.,  during  4  d.  Great  nausea  was  caused,  and  probably 
loss  of  appetite,  though  nothing  is  said  on  this  point.  The  urine 
was  sometimes  increased,  sometimes  lessened  in  quantity  j  the  urea  was 
invariably  decreased  (by  about  5  grms.  in  each  24  h,).  Bcigcl 
attributes  this  to  the  tart,  em.,  and  not  to  the  want  of  food  j  but  this 
opinion  may  be  questioned,  and,  on  the  whole,  Beigel*s  experiment  do 
not  seem  entitled  to  much  weight, as  the  conditions  are  imperfectly  given. 
{Parkes,  Urim^  sub  voce,) 

17,  a,  Oct.  i8th,  1785,  at  10  p.m,,  rubbed  into  palms,  with 
assistance  of  a  few  drops  of  water,  5  gr.  of  tart,  em.  Rested  well  till 
4  a.m.,  when  he  awolcc,  contrary  to  his  usual  custom,  and  felt  slight 
nausea,  heat  of  skin,  aiid  tenesmus.  In  less  than  an  h.  began  to  perspire, 
and  continued  to  do  so  increasingly  till  he  rose  soon  after  7.  There 
was  no  further  effect  save  slight  disinclination  to  breakfast. 

h.  Next  n,,  rubbed  in  about  9  gr,  in  solution  on  self  and  two 
others.  Woke  at  4  as  before,  hot  and  uneasy,  puJse  quickened  as  after 
wine.  Felt  some  nausea  and  peristaltic  movement.  Perspiration 
followed  as  beforehand  in  forenoon  there  were  two  loose  motions.  For 
2  or  3  d,  afterwards  tendency  to  looseness  continual,  also  increased  flow 
of  urine.  His  coadjulors  were  sweated  in  the  n,  j  one  was  sick  in  the 
forenoon,  the  other  slightly  so,  but  briskly  purged. 

€,  A  lady,  who  rubbed  in  5  to  7  gr,,  had — besides  these  symptoms 
— 2  or  3  d,  later  a  rash,  with  considerable  itching  over  whole  skin, 
which  did  not  subside  for  2  d.  longer,  (Sherwkn,  Alem,  of  Med ^  &h. 
of  London^  ii,  386.) 

18,  Gaitskill  {Ibid.ylv^  79)  repeated  these  experiments  on  himself 
and  others,  with  negative  results  ;  but  Hutchinson  confirmed  them, 
observing  also  increased  disposition  to  sleep,  [Ibid,^  v,  81.  In  Aledical 
RepoutQfyy  xvi,  457,  a  case  is  recorded  where  violent  vomiting,  syncope, 
and  death  occurred  in  a  child  of  3,  after  rubbing  ung,  antim,  tart,  along 
spine), 

iq*  a.  Taken  internally,  in  small  doses,  tartar  emetic  increases  the 
secretion  and  exhalation  of  the  gastro-intestinal  membrane,  and  of  the 
liver  and  pancreas.  Subsequently,  it  acts  powerfully  on  other  emunc- 
tories  ;  thus  it  causes  sweating,  without  any  very  marked  vascular 
excitement ;  it  renders  the  mucous  membranes  (especially  the  aerian 
membrane)  moister,  and,  when  the  skin  is  kept  cool,  promotes  the 
secretion  of  urine. 

b.  In  somewhat  larger  doses,  it  excites  nausea,  frequently  with 
vomiting,  disorders  the  digestive  functions,  gives  rise  to  an  uneasy 
sensation  in  the  abdominal  region,  depresses  the  nervous  functions, 
relaxes  the  tissues  (especially  the  muscular  fibres),  and  occasions  a 
feeling  of  great  feebleness  and  exhaustion.  These  symptoms  are 
accompanied  or  followed  by  increased  secretion  and  exhalation  from  all 
the  different  emunctories,  but  especially  from  the  skin,  as  above  men- 
tioned. Of  all  emetic  substances,  this  causes  most  nausea  and  depres- 
sion.    (Pereira,  op,  clt.) 

20.  After  small  medicinal  doses  the  stomach  experiences  a  slight 
sensation  of  soreness^ — a  sensation  easily  mistaken  for  hunger,  .  .  • 
As  an  emetic,  the  action  is  somewhat  tardy,  sometimes  delayed  for 


: 


ANTLMONIUM  TARTARICUM.  297 

20  m.  or  4  h-  >  the  vomiting  is  repeated,  and  accompanied  by  much 
straining.     (Ringer,  op,  cit.) 

21.  When  the  dose  is  large  enough  to  produce  vomiting,  various 
general  symptoms  precede,  acco  npany,  and  follow  this  act.  Such 
are, — a  copious  secretion  of  mucus  and  saliva  in  the  mouth  -,  eructation 
of  a  watery  fluid  with  an  acrid  and  saline  taste ;  watery  stools,  preceded 
by  colic  ;  pain  in  moving  tongue  ;  pallor  and  collapse  of  features  \ 
often  cold  sweat,  especially  of  forehead  y  dizziness,  and  not  infrequently 
scintillation  before  eyes ;  general  exhaustion,  debility,  and  inclination 
to  repose  and  sleep ;  a  weak,  small,  and  sometimes  infrequent  pulse  j 
often  palpitation  of  heart,  and  sometimes  disposition  to  syncope.  In 
some  cases  face  is  hot,  while  rest  of  body  is  chilly.  The  act  of  vomit- 
ing is  often  accompanied  by  laborious  and  incessant  straining  and 
retchings  which  sometimes  continue  long  after  the  complete  evacuation 
of  the  stomach,  and  produce  extreme  relaxation  and  exhaustion.  The 
matters  vomited  consist  mainly  of  mucus  and  bile,  which  are  sometimes 
mixed  with  blood.  After  the  vomiting  is  over,  a  disinclination  for 
food  and  a  strong  craving  for  cool  drinks  remain.     (Stille,  op,  cit,) 

II.  Poisonings. — I.  a.  I  have  myself  witnessed  two  cases  of  poison- 
ing by  tart.  em.  One  occurred  in  a  woman  to  whom  I  was  called  in 
consultation  by  an  experienced  practitioner,  under  the  impression  that 
it  was  a  case  of  cholera,*  though  no  epidemic  of  that  disease  was  then 
prevailing.  There  was  vomiting  and  purging  of  a  whitish  liquid  without 
a  tinge  of  bile ;  the  pulse  was  extremely  feeble,  the  features  shrunk, 
and  the  skin  cold  and  of  a  bluish  hue,  especially  in  the  hands  and  feet,  of 
which  the  fingers  and  toes  were  of  a  dark  livid  or  purplish  colour;  the 
fingers  were  shrunken  like  those  of  a  washerwoman  ;  there  were  cramps 
of  the  extremities ;  and  she  complained  of  extreme  pain  in  her  stomach 
and  bowels.  Upon  investigating  into  the  cause  of  the  symptoms,  we 
learned  that  she  had  taken,  I  think  on  the  previous  day,  ^^  a  five-penny- 
bit's  worth  of  tart,  emetic." 

b.  The  other  instance  was  in  an  infant  child,  about  a  year  old. 
Tart.  emet.  had  been  prescribed  by  the  attending  physician  for  an 
attack  of  croup,  which  was  relieved  ;  but  directions  were  left  with  the 
mother  to  give  small  doses  of  antimonial  wine  at  short  intervals,  without 
any  warning  as  to  the  possible  danger,  or  limitation  as  to  the  length  of 
time.  When  I  first  saw  the  child  some  days  had  elapsed  from  the 
first  administration  of  the  medicine.  It  was  in  the  last  stage  of  exhaus- 
tion, pulseless,  cold,  pale,  and  purplish,  and  discharging  whitish  stools. 
Death  quickly  followed. 

It  will  have  been  noticed  that,  in  both  these  cases,  the  evacuations 
were  whitish.  They  had  the  appearance  of  opaque  rice-water  ;  but 
differed  in  this  respect  from  the  stools  of  cholera,  that  they  did  not  on 
standing  separate  into  a  clear  liquid  above,  and  a  white  flocculent 
precipitate.     (G.  B.  Wood,  Therap,  and  Pharm,,  ii,  64.) 

2.  Two  children,  a  boy  of  5  and  a  girl  of  3,  each  swallowed  a  powder 
containing  10  gr.  of  tart.  em.  mixed  with  a  little  sugar.  In  20  m. 
they  were  seized  with  violent  vomiting  and  purging,  and  great  pros- 

*  Dr.  B.  W.  Richardson  states  that  he  has  seen  a  small  dose  cause  symptoms 
<*  strictly  analogous  to  those  of  Asiatic  cholera  **  (^Lwicit,  1856,  i,  401). 


298 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM. 


traeion  of  strength,  followed  by  convulsions  and  tetanic  spasms  ;  there 
was  also  great  thirst.  The  boy  died  in  8,  the  girl  in  12 — 13  h, 
P,M.^  4 — 5  d.  later.  In  body  of  boy  there  was  effusion  of  serum  into 
r.  pleura  ;  lower  lobe  of  r,  lung  posteriorly  was  redder  than  natural, 
and  peritoneum  was  injected  from  recent  inflammation.  Mucous  mem- 
brane of  duodenum  was  inflamed  and  covered  with  whitish-yellow 
viscid  secretion  ;  this  was  observed  throughout  the  intestinal  canal, 
though  colour  was  of  deeper  yellow  in  colon  and  rectum  i  there  wa$ 
no  ulceration.  Peritoneal  coat  of  stomach  was  inflamed^  mucous 
membrane  much  so,  especially  about  larger  curvature  and  cardiac 
orifice  ;  no  ulceration  here  also,  but  in  one  place  a  patch  of  lymph. 
Tongue  was  covered  with  white  fur  and  seemed  reddened.  Dura  very 
vascular  ;  longitudinal  sinus  contained  a  coagulum  of  lymph,  but  very 
little  blood  ;  vessels  of  surface  of  brain  very  much  injected  with  dark 
bloody  whole  surface  having  a  deep  purple  appearance,  and  every  portion 
of  brain  presented  many  bloody  points  on  section.  Cerebellum  and 
medulla  oblongata  also  extremely  vascular  ;  no  effusion  into  ventricles* 
In  body  of  girl,  morbid  appearances  were  similar  ;  there  were  also 
patches  resembling  eruption  of  scarlatina  on  arms,  legs,  and  neck* 
Arachnoid  was  more  opaque  than  usual  ;  and  on  mucous  membrane  of 
stomach,  where  inflammation  was  greatest,  were  two  or  three  white 
spots,  each  about  size  of  split  pea,  which  seemed  commencement  of 
ulceration.      {Lancet^  1846,  i,  460*) 

3.  Mr.  — ,  tet,  35,  lymphatic  temperament,  black  hair  and  eycs^ 
ruddy  complexion  and  inclined  to  corpulency,  addicted  to  high  living 
and  the  excessive  use  of  stimulants,  had  taken  for  15  d.  4  gr.,  upon  an 
average,  of  tart.  emeL  in  whisky,  administered  to  hrm  secretly  by  his 
wife  *'  to  wean  him  from  the  love  of  intoxicating  drinks,"  for  which, 
unfortunately,  he  had  acquired  an  uncontrollable  appetite.  Notwith- 
standing the  drug  had  promptly  produced  its  characteristic  effect  upon 
the  stomach,  the  poor  man  had  continued  to  drink  until  forced  to  take 
to  his  bed  by  the  exhaustion  caused  by  constant  vomiting  and  the  con- 
sequent loss  of  nearly  all  the  food  taken,  as  well  as  by  the  peculiarly 
debilitating  effect  of*  the  drug.  I  was  then  called  to  attend  him.  He 
was  lying  on  his  right  side,  and  any  departure  from  this  position  was 
sure  to  be  followed  by  an  attack  of  vomiting.  He  complained  of  great 
weakness  and  exhaustion,  was  very  despondent  and  apprehensive  that 
he  should  not  recover*  He  dreaded  above  all  things  to  be  left  alone, 
even  for  a  few  moments,  lest  *^*  he  should  be  dreadfully  nervous  and 
not  know  what  to  do  with  himself/'  His  countenance  was  unusually 
pale,  and  wore  an  expression  of  extreme  anxiety  ;  his  tongue  was 
covered  with  a  thick,  white,  pasty  coating  i  he  had  some  appetite 
for  food  which,  however,  was  quickly  rejected  ;  his  thirst  was  constant 
and  insatiable.  From  the  constant  and  long-continued  use  of  the 
drug,  his  stomach  had  become  intolerant  of  both  food  and  drink, 
and  he  had  now  a  great  disgust  for  whisky,  which  he  believed  to  be 


the  cause  of  his 
duced  intense  nausea, 
to    6a,      While   taking 
ictoris,  from  which  he 


illness.     He  declared  that  the  very  tha 
His  pulse  had  sunk  from  78^ 
tart.  ^e    had    3n  ^B 

form< 


-f  k 


the 
had 


had  an ' 
great  s 


pro- 
.1  rate, 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM.  299 

had  for  the  past  4  years  believed  himself  cured  of  it.  Aside  from  this 
attack,  which  may  have  been  accidental,  neither  the  throat  nor  the 
thoracic  viscera  were  affected  by  the  use  of  the  drug.  He  complained 
of  a  feeling  of  numbness  and  coldness  in  both  legs.  The  r.  arm  and  hand 
and  the  great  toes  of  both  feet  were  cold  to  the  touch.  Cramps  in  the 
calves  of  the  legs  frequently  awoke  him  from  sleep.  His  breast,  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  upper  arms,  the  wrists,  the  hypogastrium,  and 
the  inner  surfaces  of  the  thighs  were  thickly  covered  with  an  eruption 
of  bright  red,  small,  conical,  distinct,  hard  pimples,  with  an  inflamed 
base,  like  lichen  simplex.  The  itching  from  this  was  intolerable,  irri- 
tating him  at  times  almost  to  frenzy.  This  began  to  appear  on  the 
fifth  d.  of  the  use  of  the  drug,  and  did  not  appreciably  abate  until  three 
d.  after  its  discontinuance.  The  most  careful  examination  failed  to 
discover  any  traces  of  pustular  development.  (Woodbury,  iV.  EngL 
Med.  Gaz.^  iv,  238.) 

5.  A  man  took  20 — 25  gr.  of  tart.  em.  by  mistake.  In  a  few  m. 
there  was  an  insufferable  feeling  of  heat  in  epigastrium,  then  violent 
pain  in  forehead  like  clavus  and  some  giddiness  ;  in  ^  h.  moisture  in 
forehead  and  nape,  vomiting  for  20  or  30  m.  ;  headache  and  dizziness 
increased^  with  redness  of  face  ;  castor-oil  caused  a  return  of  vomiting 
of  bilious  matters  ;  burning  in  stomach  and  small  intestines  increased 
to  such  a  degree  that  he  became  very  restless,  pulse  weak  (80),  tongue 
white,  throat  dry,  taste  unpleasant ;  inclination  to  sleep,  which  relieved 
him.  Next  d.  mouth  was  very  sensitive,  gums  bled,  with  a  slight 
spongy  appearance  like  scurvy,  lasting  2  d.  (Duffin,  Ed,  Med, 
Jtmrn.^  xix,  354.) 

6.  A  man,  act.  40,  enjoyed  good  health  till  April  preceding  death. 
Began  then  to  complain  of  frequent  vomiting  and  burning  pain  after 
taking  food,  and  grew  thinner.  In  time  he  became  so  ill  as  to  be 
confined  to  bed,  and  died  in  10  d.,  with  sickness,  and  burning  pain  in 
stomach  as  if  hundreds  of  pins  were  pricking  him ;  emaciation  and 
extreme  prostration  ;  thirst ;  sallowness  of  skin,  gradually  increasing 
to  well-marked  jaundice  ;  difficulty  of  breathing,  which  was  very 
hurried  at  last ;  pain  on  pressure  in  epigastrium,  but  not  over  other 
parts  of  abdomen  ;  gradual  sinking,  and  death.  There  was  no  diar- 
rhoea during  any  part  of  the  illness,  but,  on  the  contrary,  rather  a 
sluggish  condition  of  the  bowels.  He  had  no  cramps,  and  never  com- 
plained of  constriction  of  throat  or  of  dysphagia.  P.M.  Whole 
alimentary  canal,  from  throat  to  rectum,  more  or  less  inflanied  \  liver, 
kidneys,  and  bladder  congested,  as  well  as  lungs ;  heart  and  brain 
healthy.  Antimony  was  found  abundantly  in  body,  and  evidence 
showed  that  man's  wife  had  been  detected  in  mixing  tart.  em. 
with    his  food    and   drink.      (Nevins,     Liverp,    Med.-Chir,    Journ.^ 

h  36-) 

7.  A  lady  suffered  from  extreme  irritability  of  the  stomach  and 
sickness*;  the  vomited  matter  was  intensely  yellow  from  admixture 
with  bile.  There  was  slight,  unconnected  wandering,  no  sleep,  pale- 
ness or  flushing  of  the  countenance,  swelling  of  the  face,  injection  of 
the  eyes,  an  aphthous  state  of  the  tongue  and  mouth,  soreness  and 
constriction  of  the  throat,  with  pain  and  a  burning  sensation  in  the 


300 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUiM. 


region  of  the  stom^ich,  and  tenderness  in  the  abdomen ;  there  was  a 
sense  of  loss  of  power  and  coldness  from  the  waist  to  the  toes,  and  a 

tingling  sensation  in  the  upper  and  lower  limbs,  with  slight  muscular 
spasms  in  the  arms  and  hands,  There  was  irritability  and  soreness  of 
the  rectum,  and  movement  short  of  diarrhoea*  There  was  some 
tlifiiculty  and  pain  in  passing  urine*  The  pulse  was  generally  feeble  and 
from  1 20  to  132*  The  most  prominent  symptom  was  a  cemtani 
feeling  of  such  depression  that  death  seemed  to  he  close  at  h&nd.  The 
treatment  had  little  effect*  A  portion  of  urine  on  analysis  was  found 
to  contain  antimony^  and  the  cause  of  the  symptoms  was  revealed. 
No  antimonial  medicine  had  been  given^  and  now  the  metal  was 
actually  in  process  of  elimination,  (Taylor,  Guy^s  Hosp,  Rep^rts^  3rd 
«cr.,  lii,  373.) 

8.  Summary  of  appearances  after  death  from  antimonial  poisoning. — 
There  may  be  congestion  of  membranes  of  brain  with  softening  and 
congestion  of  its  substance.  An  inflamed  or  aphthous  state  of  whole 
of  mouth,  fauces,  and  gullet,  or  this  may  be  confined  to  mucous 
membrane  of  fauces  and  cardiac  end  of  the  gullet.  The  mucous 
membrane  of  the  stomach  is  more  or  less  reddened  in  patches  or  spots, 
the  result  of  inflammation,  the  membrane  softened  or  corroded  and 
easily  removed  by  friction,  sometimes  covered  by  false  membrane  or 
aphthous  crusts  ;  the  surface  darkened,  inflamed  or  ulcerated ;  small 
ulcers  with  pustular  exudation  occasionally  found  ;  the  contents  of  the 
stomach  of  a  dark  brown  colour,  consisting  chiefly  of  mucous  matters 
coloured  either  by  blood,  bile,  or  by  a  mixture  of  both.  The  peri- 
toneal or  external  coat  of  the  stomach  has  been  found  inflamed  ;  the 
intestines  present  similar  appearances,  the  inflamed  portions  of  mucous 
membrane  being  seen  chiefly  in  the  duodenum,  carcum,  and  rectum  ; 
the  contents  of  the  intestines  bilious  or  bloody  with  much  mucus  ; 
aphthous  ulcerations  of  the  glands  of  the  small  intestines  y  the  lungs 
showing  more  or  less  congestion  in  portions  of  the  lobes ;  the  heart 
empty,  or,  if  blood  be  contained  in  its  cavities,  this  is  dark  coloured  and 
liquid  J  the  blood  liquid  throughout  the  body.  In  cases  of  chronic  poisoning 
the  liver  is  enlarged,  softened,  and  its  structure  easily  broken.  The 
organs  of  the  body  have  been  found  well  preserved.  When  life  is  pro- 
tracted there  has  been  noticed  gastro-enteritis  in  a  severe  form.    {IhidJ} 

9.  A  weakly  man  was  attacked  with  bronchitis  accompanied  with 
much  fever.  After  losing  a  sufficient  quantity  of  blood  he  was  ordered 
by  his  physician  to  take  nitrate  of  potassa,  but  on  the  3rd  d*  from  his 
attack  he  took  10  gr,  of  tart.  em.  dissolved  in  7  oz.  of  water  in  l  d* 
By  this  his  chest  was  considerably  relieved,  but  a  severe  form  of  angina 
supervened.  The  whole  mouth  and  lips  were  very  much  swollen  and 
excoriated  in  many  places,  as  though  ftom  a  salivation  of  mercury. 
The  tongue  was  deep  red,  and  dry  in  the  middle.  The  soft  palate  and 
throat  were  likewise  of  a  deep  red,  and  covered  with  small  vesicles, 
many  of  which  had  burst  ^  and  these  parts  were  so  much  swollen  and 
covered  with  thick  mucus  that  the  poor  fellow  was  quite  unable  to 
swallow  even  liquids,  and  his  breathing  was  obstructed*  On  my 
arrival  I  ordered  the  mouth  and  throat  to  be  well  rinsed  with  a  Iuke> 
warm  decoction  of  groats,  and  1  observed  this  serious  affection,  which 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM.  301 

was  attended  with  a  considerable  fever  and  nightly  delirium,  to  give  way 
in  3  d.     (Troschel,  Med.  Zeit.^  Oct.  9th,  1840.)* 

10.  A  man,  act.  58,  affected  with  pneumonia,  was  treated  Dec. 
24th — 27th  with  tart,  em.,  gr.  iij  to  ^xvj  of  water,  2  tablespoon fuls 
every  3  h.  On  n.  of  27th,  throat  became  so  much  affected  that  he 
could  not  sleep ;  deglutition  of  even  small  portion  of  h'quid  accomplished 
with  utmost  difficulty.  At  noon  on  28th  pulse  was  found  100,  and 
tremulous ;  soft  palate  and  uvula,  with  neighbouring  parts  of  pharynx 
and  roof  of  mouth,  were  covered  with  an  ash-white  envelope,  apparently 
of  some  thickness,  very  much  resembling  the  appearances  produced  by  a 
free  application  of  nitrate  of  silver  ;  portions  not  so  covered  had  pale- 
red  unhealthy  colour.  Next  d.,  much  thick  mucus  from  throat  and 
mouth.  On  30th,  part  of  "  slough  "  came  away  ;  parts  underneath  red 
and  ulcerated.  Fauces,  up  to  Jan.  7th,  were  still  bright  red,  with  some 
superficial  ulcerations. 

At  height  of  trouble  patient  felt  as  if  head  and  throat  were  separated 
from  trunk.     (Annan,  Medical  Tlmes^  xiii,  316.) 

11.  The  operation  of  tart.  em.  upon  the  gastric  mucous  membrane 
mav  produce  a  croupous  process  ;  it  is,  however,  commonly  limited  to 
a  WW  streaks.  (Rokitansky,  Path,  Anat,^  Syd.  Soc,  ii,  26.  Dr. 
Imbcrt-Gourbeyre,  G^z.  Med,  de  Paris^  i860,  cites  6  cases,  besides 
those  given  here,  in  which  pseudo-membranous  inflammation  of  parts  of 
the  alimentary  canal  had  occurred  from  the  use  of  tart,  em.) 

12.  In  26  out  of  144  cases  of  pneumonia  treated  with  large  doses  ot 
tart,  em.,  Boudet  observed  its  effects  on  mouth  and  throat.  There  was 
a  burning  sensation  with  constriction  in  pharynx  and  oesophagus^  with 
swelling,  dryness,  heat  and  redness  of  posterior  fauces,  difficult  degluti- 
tion, and  a  disagreeable  metallic  taste  ;  later,  upon  the  arches,  the 
velum,  the  pharynx,  the  edges  of  the  tongue,  and  the  cheeks,  ulcers 
made  their  appearance.  They  were  generally  i  or  2  lines,  but  some- 
times \  inch,  in  diameter,  except  upon  the  dorsum  of  the  tongue,  where 
they  were  generally  linear,  and  covered  with  a  deposit  resembling  false 
membrane.     (Stille,  op,  cit,) 

13.  The  false  membranes  produced  by  tart.  em.  in  the  cavity  of 
the  mouth,  and  principally  upon  the  tongue,  have  the  form  of  irregularly 
rounded  patches,  whitish  or  greyish  in  colour,  somewhat  thick,  con- 
sistent, and  firmly  adherent.  In  the  oesophagus  they  are  small,  delicate, 
pale,  and  easily  detached  from  the  subjacent  tissue.  Beneath  the 
pseudo- membrane,  the  lingual  mucous  structure  is  excoriated,  ecchy- 
mosed,  wrinkled,  and  forms  an  elevated  margin  around  the  plastic 
deposit,  which  is  red  and  somewhat  extended.  The  oesophageal  mucous 
membrane  is  ulcerated,  the  borders  of  this  ulceration  are  not  elevated, 
but  enclosed  by  a  grey  circle,  the  base  being  softened  and  greyish,  and, 
at  some  points,  ecchymosed.  (Laboulbene,  Recherches  sur  les  affections 
pseudo-membraneuseSj  p.  132.) 

14.  As  in  the  case  of  mercurial,  plumbic,  and  cupreous  impregnation 
of  the  system,  there  is  likewise  an  antimonial  sign,  which  is  perfectly 

•  "  After  the  use  of  tart,  cm,  for  some  days,  patienfs  sometimes  complain  of  irri. 
tation  in  the  mouth  and  throat,  with  a  metallic  taste'*  (Pereira). 


3631 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM. 


pathognomonic.  It  is,  as  with  all  other  substances,  a  phenomenon  of  the 
gums  and  teeth.  In  copper  impregnation,  it  is  not  so  much  the  free 
margin  of  the  gum,  as  the  parts  of  the  teeth  next  the  gum,  which  are 
coated  with  sordes;  whilst  in  antimontal  impregnation,  it  is  not  the 
teeth,  but  the  whole  surface  of  the  gums,  both  within  and  without, 
which  assumes  the  appearance  of  the  brightest  pink  velvet,  with  aj 
raised  pile,     {Lanct*t^  quoted  by  Marcy  and  Peters,)  j 

15.  Tartar  emetic  i^  a  powerful  local  jrntant.  Its  irritant  proper^ 
ties  may  be  regarded  as  of  a  peculiar  or  specific  kind  ;  at  least  if  wc] 
are  to  judge  from  its  well-known  effects  when  applied  to  the  epidermis, 
as  in  the  form  of  solution  or  ointment,  or  sprinkled  over  a  plaster.  It 
causes  an  eruption  of  painful  pustules,  resembling  those  of  variola  or 
ecthyma.  The  smaller  ones  are  semi -globular  ;  the  larger  ones,  when 
at  their  height^  are  flattened,  are  surrounded  with  an  inflammatory 
border,  contain  a  pseudo-membranous  deposit  and  some  purulent 
serum,  and  have  a  central  dark  point.  When  they  have  attained  their 
greatest  magnitude,  the  central  brown  spots  become  larger  and  darker, 
and,  and  in  a  few  d.,  desiccation  takes  place,  and  the  crusts  are  throwm 
off.  They  are  usually  very  painful  I  am  acquainted  with  no  agent 
which  produces  an  eruption  precisely  like  that  caused  by  emetic  tartar^ 

( Per E IRA,  op,  cit.) 

16.  The  clear  Jymph  of  the  pustules  which  arise  from  the  external 
application  of  tartrate  of  ant,  produces  inoculation  pustules,  which  are 
quite  indistinguishable  from  those  produced  by  vaccination,  ,  •  .  I 
have  made  31  vaccinations  and  revaccinations  with  lymph  of  tartar  1 
emetic  pustules,  and  I  have  found  them  in  all  their  relations  analogous 
with  those  from  cow-pox  lymph.  (Lichtenstein,  HufelartiTs  youmaiy 
xcii,  76.} 

17.  A  girl  of  14  took  in  the  course  of  a  fortnight  [malady  not  i 
mentioned]   3]  of  tart.    em.    internally.     Some    d,    after  leaving  offi 
medicine,  there  appeared  a    varioloid  eruption,  which    ran   a    course 
exactly  like  that  produced   by  tart.  era.  ointment,     (Crichtok,  Ferm^ 
Abh.  einer  Gcstli,  prakt,  Aerzte  zu  Sl  Peiersh.^  1835*) 

J 8*  A  man,  act,  34,  took  for  pneumonia  to  gr,  of  tart.  em.  m 
solution  during  36  h.  In  24  h.  after  last  dose  there  appeared  an 
eruption  having  the  most  perfect  likeness  to  that  caused  by, tart,  em, 
ointment.  It  consisted  of  small  papulae  or  vesicles,  which  rapidly 
enlarged  and  became  full  of  pus,  surrounded  by  a  red  areola,  so  that 
they  resembled  true  variolous  pustules  :  they  were  besides  extremely 
painful.  After  a  few  d.  they  dried  up  and  formed  crusts.  Some  ot 
the  pustules  were  larger  than  others,  like  those  of  ecthyma.  Eruption 
commenced  on  inner  surface  of  forearm,  then  spread  all  over  back, 
where  pustules  were  partly  solitary,  partly  grouped,  or  even  confluent. 
Neither  vomiting  nor  sweat  attended  formation  of  pustules,  but  they 
were  preceded  by  some  watery  stools,  (Boeckh,  Med.  Zeit.  von  dim 
Ver.f.  Heilk,  in  Pri'usstfi,  1843.) 

19.  An  Essex  farmer,  suffering  from  pneumonia,  had  been  taking 
tart.  em.  in  4  gr.  doses  every  3  h.  for  6  d.  Dr.  Richardson  states  that 
he  witnessed  here  the  peculiar  eruption  on  the  skin  which  sometimes 
appears.     The  body  was  so  generally  covered  with  pustules  that  the 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM.  303 

friends  of  the  patient   mistook  the  eruption  for  smallpox — a  natural 
error.     [Lancet^  1856,  i,  509.) 

20.  In  2  or  3  cases  in  which  tart.  em.  had  been  administered,  Dr. 
Brinton  has  seen  a  peculiar  eruption  of  the  skin,  like  that  produced  by 
the  external  application  of  the  drug.     {Ibid.^  p.  590.) 

21.  I  have  used  tart.  em.  in  large  doses  in  croup  for  the  last  15 
years,  in  children  of  all  ages,  .  .  .  and  have  obtained  a  cure  without 
any  accident.  I  have  indeed  sometimes  met  with  slight  antimonial 
eruptions,  not  very  numerous,  on  different  parts  of  the  body.  (Con- 
STANTiN,  Gaz.  des  Hop.^Mzr.  26th,  1859.) 

22.  I  have  in  3  cases  seen  a  profuse  pustular  eruption  on  the  cuta- 
neous surface  result  from  the  internal  administration  of  tart.  em.  ;  in  2 
of  the  cases  the  eruption  supervened  on  that  of  rubeola,  where  the 
complication  of  pneumonia  had  caused  the  medicine  to  be  resorted  to  in 
moderate  doses.     (Butler  Lane,  Lancet^  1846,  i,  361.) 

23.  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  in  a  paper  on  "  Antimonial  Erup- 
tions," shows  by  observations  and  citations  that  the  local  application  of 
tart.  em.  is  liable  to  produce  pustules  on  other  parts  of  the  body,  and 
especially  at  the  ano-genital  region  ;  and  maintains  that  these  are  the 
dynamic  result  of  absorption,  and  not  the  effects  of  mere  mechanical 
transference,  on  the  following  grounds  : 

1st.  Several  patients  subjected  to  antimonial  friction  asserted  that 
they  did  not  touch  the  parts  of  the  body  which  were  the  seat  of  the 
secondary  eruptions  (6  cases). 

2nd.  The  medical  attendants  themselves  in  certain  cases  took  great 
precautions  in  order  to  prevent  any  transference  of  the  ointment  (4 
cases). 

3rd.  These  secondary  eruptions  have  been  observed  on  infants  in 
swaddlingclothes,  and  on  a  patient  whose  limbs  were  paralysed. 

4th.  The  antimonial  eruptions  on  the  place  where  the  ointment  has 
been  rubbed  in  leave  cicatrices  ;  the  sympathetic  eruptions  do  not. 

5th.  If  the  patient's  fingers  are  the  cause,  how  does  it  happen  that 
the  secondary  eruptions  do  not  occur  more  frequently  ?  and  especially 
how  is  it  they  do  not  occur  very  often  on  the  eyelids,  nose,  lips,  cheeks, 
fiicc  I  They  have  never  been  seen  in  these  situations  ;  and  yet  does 
not  a  person  apply  his  fingers  to  his  face  far  more  frequently  than  to 
the  ano-genital  region  ? 

6th.  What  is  to  be  thought  of  those  cases  where  the  pustules  fail 
to  make  their  appearance  on  the  spot  subjected  to  the  frictions,  but  are 
developed  elsewhere  (3  cases)  ?  and  where,  the  friction  having  been 
discontinued,  pustules  appear  elsewhere  2 — 5  weeks  later  (2  cases)  ? 

7th.  On  the  mechanical  hypothesis,  how  is  it  that  the  ano-genital 
eruptions  are  not  more  frequent  ?  whereas  they  occur  extremely  rarely 
in  proportion.     {Gaz.  Med,  de  Paris^  i860.) 

24.  The  same  author  cites  5  cases  in  which  pustulation  of  parts  of 
the  alimentary  mucous  membrane  occurred  after  the  free  administra- 
tion of  tart,  em.,  and  3  in  which  it  was  observed  on  the  surface  of  the 
peritoneum  after  a  large  quantity  of  antimonial  ointment  had  been 
rubbed  upon  the  abdomen.     {Loc.  cit.) 

III.  Exptriments  on  animals. — i .  a.  V  iborg  found  that  when  tart.  em. 


304 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM, 


was  injected  into  veins  of  horses,  in  doses  of  12 — 30  gr,,  it  occasioned 

frequent  and  small  pulse,  trembling  and  twitching  of  muscles  of  skinji 
gaping,  and  a  drooping  look.  On  injection  of  60  gr.  the  symptomf^ 
were  very  striking :  pulse  grew  very  frequent,  and  breathing  spasmodic 
and  noisy  ;  there  were  thin  dejections,  a  copious  secretion  of  sweat, 
tears,  and  saHva  ^  automatic  movement  of  lips  and  tongue,  as  in  the 
act  of  licking,  grinding  movement  of  lower  jaw,  restlessness,  stretching 
of  limbs,  scratching  of  flanks  with  hind  feet,  repeated  movements  of 
head  towards  same  parts,  and  tremulousness  with  spasms  of  shoulders, 
neck,  and  hams.  When  quantity  injected  reached  1 20  gr.,  the  symptoms 
were  sudden  and  violent.  They  consisted  of  cramps,  vertigo,  paralysis, 
and  death  within  3  h» 

h.  According  to  Lappe  and  Hertwich,  when  substance  w^s  ad- 
ministered by  stomach  in  doses  of  \J  or  5ij  every  3  or  4  h,,  there 
occurred,  sooner  or  later,  diarrhoea,  debility,  increased  secretion  from 
mucous  membranes,  and,  if  medicine  was  continued,  a  sort  of  typhoid 
condition,  with  diminished  plasticity  of  blood.  A  single  dose  of  ^ss 
caused  frequency  of  pulse,  thirst,  borborygmi,  and  muscular  spasms  j 
3j  caused  death  in  about  8  h.  i   5U*  same  result  in  2^  h. 

f ,  Pecholier,  in  his  experiments  upon  animals,  found  rate  of  pulse  to 
fall,  on  an  average,  20 — 25  beats  a  m.  under  influence  of  doses  of 
grs.  I  or  2  i  rate  of  respiration  and  temperature  declined  in  like 
proportion.  The  more  minute  experiments  of  Ackermann  confirm 
this  statement,  showing  that  immediately  after  injection  of  a  solution  of 
tart.  em.  into  veins  pulse  rises  rapidly  ii\  frequency,  even  by  50  in  m., 
after  which  it  sinks  below  original  rate.  After  poisonous  doses,  accele- 
ration is  slight  and  transient,  but  decline  in  frequencv  rapid  until  a  few 
m.  before  death.  It  also  becomes  irregular.  Oniformly  arterial 
pressure  is  diminished,  while  duration  of  pulse  wave  is  lengthened* 
The  venous  system  becomes  everywhere  engorged  ;  parts  like  the 
tongue  and  gums,  which  in  health  possess  hue  of  arterial  blood,  become 
first  pale  and  then  dusky  in  colour.  The  temperature  falls  lower  the 
longer  such  a  condition  lasts.      (Stille,  op,  at.) 

2,  Dr,  Nevjn's  experimented  on  16  rabbits,  the  doses  varying  from 
^  to  2  gr,  :  it  required  from  12  to  73  gr.  to  cause  death.  For  first  few 
d.  no  striking  symptoms  were  present ;  then  animals  lost  spirit  in  great 
degree,  and  gradually  became  emaciated,  but  continued  to  take  food 
almost  to  h.  of  death.  All  who  lived  beyond  toth  d.  had  diarrhoea 
(rabbits  are  incapable  of  vomiting).  Spasms  were  not  present  in  a 
single  instance  ;  but  several  died  in  violent  convulsions.  The  mouth 
was  very  severely  ulcerated  in  several.  P.M.  Emaciation  often  ex- 
treme^  so  that  not  a  trace  of  fat  remained  in  body.  Stomach  fre* 
quently  inflamed  in  patches  but  not  throughout  j  sometimes,  but  rarely, 
ulcerated  ;  always  more  than  half  full  of  blood  j  pylorus  frequently  so 
much  thickened  and  indurated  as  to  resemble  cartilage  under  knife. 
Small  intestines  frequently  inflamed  in  patches,  rarely  ulcerated ; 
intestinal  glands  sometimes  excessively  enlarged.  Liver  generally 
congested  in  parts,  occasionally  inflamed,  hard  and  brittle.  Kidneys 
generally  more  or  less  congested,  sometimes  one  only.  Bladder  gene- 
ily  distended  with  urine  and   more   vascular  than  usual     Trachea 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUiVK 


305 


and  lungs  frequently  congested,  sometimes  highly  infiamed  ;  the  two 
lungs  seldom  alike.  In  several  cases  extensive  extravasation  of  blood 
upon  surface  of  lungs,  liver,  and  stomach,  and  below  mucous  coat  of 
cacum.    Heart  generally  fidl  of  black,  uncoagulated  blood,     {Lcc,  ri>.) 

3,  Dr.  Campbell  found  5  gr,  applied  to  a  wound,  kill  a  cat  in 
3  fa.  Inflammation  was  set  up  in  the  wound,  and  vivid  redness  within 
the  stomach.     (Christison,  ^.  ctL) 

4.^ — a.  Dr.  B.  W.  Richardson  introduced  into  cellular  tissue  of 
large  dog  5]  of  tart,  em.  in  ^ij  of  distilled  water.  After  i  h.  shivering 
and  vomiting,  latter  repeated,  much  flatus  and  once  purging.  In  I  h» 
body  quite  powerless,  limbs  and  breath  cold,  pulse  and  respiration 
greatly  reduced,  comatose  sinking,  death  in  i  h.  40  m.  Respiration 
survived  heart  3  m,  P.M.  General  venous  system  greatly  engorged, 
and  on  inner  surface  of  stomachy  along  greater  curvature,  a  patch  of 
bright  pink  2  in,  by  i^. 

h,  A  dog  made  to  inhale  antimoniu retted  hydrogen  died  in  3  h* 
45  m.  Same  P.M.  appearances  ;  also  pleural  cavity  contained  gvj  of 
pinkish  serum,  which,  on  being  poured  into  a  hot  tube,  coagulated 
firmly  into  a  jelly-like  clot,  whence  clear  scrum  exuded* 

c,  A  wound  in  a  dog  being  dressed  with  tart-  em.  ointment  for 
7  d.,  animal  lost  appetite,  became  thin  and  exhausted,  and  died  on  7th  d« 
There  was  no  vomiting  or  purging.  Same  P.M.  appearances,  {Lancet^ 
1856,  i,  508.)  _         ^  \ 

5.  If  one  injects  into  the  veins  of  an  adult  dog,  of  medium  size,  6 
or  8  gr,  of  tartar  emetic  dissolved  in  4  oz,  of  water,  there  are  at  first 
vomiting  and  dejections  more  or  less  repeated ;  then  it  becomes  n>ani- 
fcst  that  the  animal  has  difficulty  of  breathing,  its  pulse  becomes  fre- 
quent, then  slight  tremors  like  those  which  accompany  chills  appear ; 
the  breathing  becomes  more  and  more  difficult,  the  pulse  irregular  and 
even  intermittent ;  the  saliva  becomes  more  copious  j  the  animal 
becomes  restless,  and  knows  not  what  attitude  to  take  or  preserve  j  the 
symptoms  become  more  intense,  and  death  ensues  about  2  or  3  h*  after 
the  injection.  In  opening  the  cadaver,  one  sees  that  the  lungs  are 
profoundly  altered  ;  they  have  changed  their  natural  hue  for  one  of 
orange  if  the  animal  is  young,  of  violet  if  it  is  older.  The  crepitation 
proper  to  the  pulmonary  tissues  has  almost  completely  disappeared  ;  on 
incision,  the  lung  substance  is  found  gorged  with  blood,  and  as  if 
hepatised  at  some  points,  while  at  others  it  appears  to  have  undergone 
splenisation.  The  mucous  membrane  of  the  alimentary  canal  is  injected » 
(MaG£NDI£,  De  fenietique^  p.  36,) 

6. — a.  A  strong  and  active  rabbit,  breathing  normally  80  times  a 
m.,  took  each  d.  3  doses  of  tart.  em.  of  25  centigrammes  each,  at  4  h. 
intervals.  At  the  end  of  3rd  d.  the  appetite  had  markedly  diminished  ; 
the  respirations  had  risen  to  1 10.  On  the  5th  d.  3  liquid  stools,  green- 
ish brown.  During  the  next  3  d.  frequency  of  respiration  fell  ;  on 
the  8th  it  was  60,  noisy,  and  like  that  of  an  animal  that  had  been 
running  \  it  seemed  more  difficult.  The  number  of  respirations  con- 
tinued to  diminish  :  on  the  nth  breathing  was  42,  as  noisy,  and  more 
and  more  laboured ;  the  inspiration  much  prolonged.  On  the  15th  d.  the 
animal  took  only  2  doses.     In  e,  I  found  tt  lying  on  its  side,  breathing 

20 


ANTLMONIUM   TARTARICUM. 


very  noisy,  and  37  only  ;  some  cx>nvulsive  movements  in  head  and 
limbs.     It  died  same  c. 

h,  PaM.— A  little  serosity  in  L  pleura  ;  its  colour  dead  white.  The 
L  lung  is  dark  red,  slate-coloured  in  its  two  lower  thirds  and  in  all 
its  upper  border  ;  it  is  especially  on  the  convex  surface  that  this  tint  is 
most  decided,  and  it  is  sprinkled  there  with  blackish  points.  On  the 
concave  and  internal  surfaces  the  same  coloration  exists,  but  it  is 
more  greyish  ;  two  spots  here  are  almost  gangrenous  in  appcarajicc* 
The  superior  third  is  congested  and  has  an  emphysematous  strip* 
The  r.  lung  is  red,  and  simply  congested*  Crepitation  is  absent  in 
the  two  inferior  thirds  of  the  left  lung,  and  its  density  is  increased  ; 
at  apex,  signs  of  emphysema  only  are  present.  The  r.  lung  crepitates 
throughout,  but  perhaps  less  than  normally.  Section  of  base  of  1*  lung 
shows  granitic  appearance  even  more  than  on  surface  ;  at  certain 
points  it  has  an  ashy  appearance  ;  on  scraping  there  is  removed  a  little 
sanious  liquid,  bloody  and  greyish  ;  a  piece  placed  in  water  sinks  to  the 
bottom  :  the  cohesion  is  much  lessened,  the  finger  penetrating  easily, 
and  reducing  the  tissue  to  putrilage.  The  trachea  contains  a  thick 
liquid,  tenacious  and  bloody  ;  it  presents  a  decided  red  punctation 
throughout,  and  towards  the  lower  part  a  large  wine- red  patch;  the 
mucous  membrane  h  thickened  especially  at  this  point,  and  is  easily 
stripped  off.  The  redness  diminishes  gradually  along  the  r.  bronchi, 
where  the  mucus  is  not  very  abundant  ;  in  those  on  the  1.  it  is  very 
intense  and  extends  farther  \  they  contain,  like  the  trachea,  a  good 
deal  of  sanious  and  sanguinolent  mucus  :  towards  the  ramifications  the 
tint  is  more  grey.  On  section,  one  sees  little  bubbles  of  liquid  forming 
at  the  cut  ends.  In  the  heart,  no  blood  in  1.  cavities  i  r,  auricle  showed 
fatty  degeneration,  and  this  with  its  ventricle  contained  clots.  In  the 
digestive  tract  there  was  only  a  little  redness ;  some  slight  serosity  in 

Iperitoneom  ;  liver  brownish  ;  mesenteric  vessels  gorged  with  blood. 

I  Nine  other  experiments  produced  like  results  \  only  the  larger  the 
dose  and  the  earlier  the  death  of  the  animal,  the  more  simply  congested 
were  the  lungs,     (Molin,  Des  Specif,  en  Med.) 

7,  a,  I  took  a  rabbit,  6  months  old,  vigorous,  having,  in  its  normal 
state,  78  respirations  per  m.  April  ist. — 1  administered  to  it,  in  sugar 
of  milk,  4  drops  of  the  6th  dilution  o(  tartan sed  antimony  m,  and  e,  I 
fed  the  animal  with  bread,  bran,  fresh  leaves  and  vegetables.  Its  shed 
was  so  constructed  that  it  could  not  suffer  from  cold  or  damp.  Up  to 
June  25th  I  did  not  observe  any  symptoms  resulting  from  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  medicine.  I  then  increased  the  dose  to  8  drops  of  the  6th 
dil.,  m.  and  e.  Towards  the  loth  of  July  the  appetite  of  the  animal 
diminished,  and  it  cared  to  eat  of  fresh  leaves  only*  Resp.  was  short, 
and  had  risen  to  90  per  m.  The  animal  kept  at  the  further  part  of  its 
shed.  July  14th, — There  were  two  liquid  evacuations  to-day.  Appetite 
has  returned.  Respiration  95,  short  and  anxious.  July  a4th.^ — The 
liquid  motiuns,  which  are  of  a  brownish  colour,  have  continued  during 
the  last  to  d,  7^hc  animal  has  lain  on  its  abdomen  with  its  paws 
stretched  out.  The  bowels  are  much  inHated,  and  on  percussion 
sound  as  if  distended  with  gas.  The  eye  is  rather  dull  j  the  ears  arc 
hot.     It  does  not  like  to  be  touched.     Respiration  105,  hurried  and 


: 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM. 


307 


short.  It  eats  less  and  less.  28th. — Since  yesterday  m.  it  has  taken 
no  food.  The  liquid  evacuations  are  more  frequent.  It  lies  at  the  end 
of  the  shed  ;  the  eys  are  very  dim,  and  the  ears  rest  on  its  neck;  the 
fur  has  lost  its  brilliancy.  Respiration  110,  and  very  anxious.  31st. 
— The  animal  died  to*day  ;  I  mzde  post -mortem  6  h.  after  death*  About 
the  lips  there  is  a  frothy  liquid  ;  the  gums  are  of  a  brownish  colour  i 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  and  of  the  pharynx  is  of  a  deep 
red  colour,  upon  which  I  also  observe  some  small  white  spots.  The 
stomach  contains  a  small  quantity  of  fluids  which  is  stringy.  The 
mucous  membrane  is  swollen  and  has  patches  of  a  red  colour  here  and 
there.  In  the  duodenum  also  1  observe  the  red  patches.  In  the  rest 
of  the  small  intestines  are  also  streaks  of  red  and  arborisations.  The 
mucous  membrane  of  the  large  intestines  is  of  a  dark  red  colour  ;  and 
there  are  some  ulcerations  in  the  ciccum.  The  traces  of  inflammation 
get  fainter  as  we  get  towards  the  end  of  the  intestine.  The  peritoneum 
shows  some  traces  of  the  same  red  colour.  The  liver  is  increased  in 
size  and  of  a  deep  red.  It  is  rather  hard,  and  more  perceptibly  so 
when  it  is  cut.  The  spleen  is  normaK  The  kidneys  are  red  and 
congested.  The  bladder  is  distended  and  contains  thick,  straw-coloured 
urine,  having  a  strong  ammoniacal  odour.  The  mucous  membrane  of 
the  larynx  and  trachea  is  red,  and  presents  arborisations  of  a  deeper 
hue.  In  the  pleurae  there  is  abundant  fluid  of  a  whitish-yellow  colour, 
in  which  float  threads  of  albumen.  The  membrane  is  red.  The 
lungs  are  inflated,  and  the  parenchyma  is  of  a  deep  red.  Crepitation 
exists  in  the  lower  two  thirds  of  the  r.  lung.  In  the  remainder  the 
density  is  increased.  Upon  section  there  oozes  a  little  red  fluid,  and  I 
find  in  the  tissue  of  both  lungs  clots  of  coagulated  blood  ;  particularly 
in  the  apex.  The  pericardium  is  red,  but  there  is  no  fluid  in  the 
cavity.  There  is  coagulated  blood  in  the  cavities  of  the  heart.  Brain 
is  normal. 

if,  A  rabbit,  5  months  old,  not  very  strong.  Respiration  82.  Oct. 
20th. — ^I  administer  to  it,  m.  and  e.,  4  drops  of  the  6th  diL  oftartarised 
antimony.  Nov.  8th. — Observing  no  symptoms,  I  give  it  8  drops  m, 
and  e.  13th. — Its  motions  are  liquid  and  yellow.  Eats  nothing  all 
d.  14th. — It  begins  to  eat  again  a  little.  The  liquid  motions  continue. 
1 8th. — ^The  evacuations  have  been  completely  suppressed  since  yester- 
day e.  ;  but  he  eats  very  little.  24th, — Resp,  becomes  quicker,  105 
per  m.,  and  very  loud.  He  now  and  then  makes  a  noise  which  one 
might  call  a  cough.  He  is  very  restless,  cannot  remain  quiet.  Ears 
seem  as  if  broken  ;  are  flabby  and  very  hot,  Eyes  are  dull,  and  thick 
mucus  comes  from  the  mouth.  The  fur  has  lost  its  brilliancy.  The 
stomach  is  inflated;  percussion  tympanitic.  The  animal  rolls  about  as 
if  he  had  colic.  He  no  longer  eats.  He  remained  in  this  state  till 
the  26th,  when  respiration  became  embarrassed  and  he  died.  I  made 
^ost -mortem  4  h,  after  death.  The  fur  is  dull  looking  and  is  easily 
Retached,  From  the  nasal  fossae  comes  a  thick,  black  mucus.  The 
membrane  is  red  ;  also  the  membrane  of  frontal  sinus.  Nothing 
abnormal  in  the  brain.  The  jaws  are  firmly  closed  and  can  only  be 
opened  forcibly.  A  foetid  odour  is  then  perceived.  The  gums  are 
blackish  ;  the  saliva  is  glutinous,  thick,  rather  dark,  and  contains  bubbles 


3o8 


ANTIMONIUM  TARTARICUM. 


of  air.     The  tongue  is  hard  and  rather  contracted.     The  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  mouth  and  throat  is  red.     The  stomach  has  collapsed  to 
its  natural  size  and  looks  like  parchment.     The  pyloric  orifice  is  red 
and  swollen*     In  the  intestines  there  is  redness  in  patches,  particularly 
in  the  large ;  and,  like  the  stomach,  they  have  returned   (collapsed)  to 
their   natural  size.     There  is  rather  a  large  quantity  of  dung  in  the 
large  intestine  and  it  is  very  hard.     In  the  rectum  are  several  ulcera- 
tions ;  and  the  mucous  membrane  around   the  anus  is  swollen.     The 
peritoneum  is  inflamed,  but  contains  no  fluid.     The  liver  is  pale,  h^d^ 
and  shrunken  ;  when  cut   a  serous  fluid  escapes.     Spleen  Is  normal. 
Kidneys   are   congested.      Bladder  is  distended  with  a  thick,  reddish- 
yellow  liquid  of  a  disagreeable  odour.     The  vesical  mucous  membrane 
is  very  red,  particularly  towards  the  neck  and  the  canal  of  the  urethra* 
The  pleura  is  injected,  but  there  is  no  fluid.     The  lungs  are  of  a  violet 
red,  the  rint  becoming  deeper  in  the  inferior  lobes,  and  there  are  large 
blackish  patches  like  spotted  marbles.     The  hepatisation  of  the  lesser 
lobe  and  of  the  inferior  part  of  the  superior  lobe  is  less  noticeable. 
There  is  no  crepitation.     On  section,  we  see  a  granite-like  appearance 
with  blackish-red  points.     Clots  of  blood  are  found  in  great  number  in 
both  lungs  i  and  in  the  apices  are  crude  tubercles,  more  especially  in 
the  1,     On  section,  there  escapes  a  little  sanious  fluid.     The  pulmonary 
tissue  easily  breaks  down  when  taken  in  the  fingers.     It  has  a  hard^ 
granite-like  look,  something  resembling  the  liver.     A  small  piece  put 
in  water  goes   to  the  bottom.     The  pericardium  presents  no  redness, 
nor  is  there  any  effusion.     The  heart  is  congested.     The  aorta  is  dis- 
tended near  the  arch,  and  there  is  a  pouch  containing  black  and  clotted 
blood.     The  animal  is  extremely  emaciated.     The  flesh  is  soft,  flabby, 
and  discoloured.     (Ibid,  Compte  rendu^  iic.y  p.  85.     Five  other  experi- 
ments were  made  with  same  dilution,  and  with  similar  results  to  those 
reported  above ») 

8, — a.  In  the  ^Journal  fif  Phymhgy  for  1878  I  have  published  in 
conjunction  with  Mr.  Murrell  some  experiments  showing  that  tart,  cm, 
I  is  a  protoplasmic  poison  which  destroys  the  functions  of  all  the  organs 
f  of  the  body  in  the  order  of  their  vital  endowments.  VVe  have  shown 
that  the  general  paralysis  which  ensues  in  a  frog  on  the  hypodermic 
injection  of  the  drug  is  due  to  its  action  on  the  spinal  cord,  thus 
confirming  previous  experimenters  ;  and  that  it  is  also  a  direct  para- 
lyzer  of  the  motor  nerves,  and  of  the  muscles,  including  that  of  the 
heart* 

h.  Tart.  em.  is  a  general  as  well  as  a  cardiac  depressant.  The 
general  depression  is  usually  attributed  to  the  action  of  the  drug  on 
the  heart,  but,  as  ant.  is  a  poison  to  all  nitrogenous  tissues,  I  would 
suggest  that  its  depressing  action  is  due  also  to  its  effects  on  the 
central  nervous  system,  the  nerves,  and  the  muscles. 

c.  We  noticed  a  peculiar  effect  on  the  skin.     In  a  few  h.  the 

cuticle  of  a  poisoned  frog  became  softened  and  gelatinous^  too  soft  to 

I    be  stripped  off,  though  it  could  be  easily  scraped  off  every  part  of  the 

f    body.     Even  small  doses  soon   produce  this  remarkable  effect,  for  in 

one  experiment  the  skin,  after  a  small  dose,  came  into  this  condition 

whilst  the  animal  could  still  crawl  pretty  well.     Miss  Nunn,  Lecturer 


ANTIMONIUM   TARTARICUM.  309 

on  Biology  in  the  Wellesly  College,  Boston,  U.S.A.,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  Michael  Foster,  investigated  microscopically  the  action  of 
arsenious  acid  and  of  tart.  em.  on  the  skin.  Miss  Nunn  shows  that 
the  peculiar  effect  of  these  substances  is  limited  to  the  epidermis  and 
leaves  unaffected  the  corium,  with  the  exception  of  increasing  the 
quantity  of  blood  it  contains.     (Ringer,  op,  cit.) 

9.  The  structural  changes  in  the  epidermis  brought  about  by  ant. 
are  essentially  the  same  as  those  produced  by  arsenic.  There  is  (i) 
the  same  marked  degeneration  and  partial  solution  of  the  columnar 
layer  of  cells,  which  causes  the  epidermis  to  be  held  less  firmly  to  the 
dermis  ;  though,  previous  to  the  hardening,  the  extreme  softness  of 
the  cells  prevents  it  from  being  stripped  away  as  can  be  done  in  the 
case  of  arsenic.  There  is  (2)  the  same  degeneration  and  separation  of 
all  the  cells  of  the  Malpighian  layer,  and  (3)  the  same  desquamation 
of  the  corneous  and  intermediate  layers.  The  principal  difference  is 
the  greater  softness,  or  more  complete  isolation  of  the  cells,  and  the 
somewhat  more  marked  change  in  the  intermediate  layer.  The  cells 
of  this  layer  appear  more  thoroughly  detached  from  one  another,  and 
hence  cavities  are  more  frequently  found  between  them  ;  hut  their 
protoplasm  is  never  formed  with  threads  and  processes  enclosing 
spaces,  as  in  the  columnar  cells.  It  is  this  separation  of  the  consti- 
tuent cells  of  the  intermediate  and  also  of  the  Malpighian  layers  which 
is  the  chief  determining  cause  of  the  pulpy  or  mucilaginous  condition 
of  skin  in  antim.  poisoning  mentioned  by  Ringer  and  Murrcll.  Alto- 
gether, the  action  of  antim.  is  more  rapid  than  that  of  arsenic,  and  the 
changes  produced  by  it  bear  evidence  of  more  violence.  .  .  .  'f'he 
skin,  under  the  influence  of  either  drug,  presents  a  striking  contrast  to 
one  which  has  been  left  to  disintegrate  in  a  natural  manner  after 
death.  .  .  .  Both  drugs  affect  the  cornea  similarly  to  the  skin, 
but  in  a  less  marked  manner.     (Nunn,  Journ.  of  Phys,^  1878.) 

10.  Magendie  removed  the  stomach  of  a  dog,  and  attached  a 
pie's  bladder  filled  with  fluid  to  the  oesophagus  in  its  place.  Me  then 
injected  tart.  em.  into  the  veins  of  the  animal^  and  found  that  voniitin;/ 
occurred  in  the  same  way  as  if  the  stomach  had  been  in  situ,  [Mem, 
sur  le  vomissementj  p.  19.)  This  experiment  has  iKrcn  con(iririf:ri  by 
Brinton  {Cycl.  of  Anat,  and  Phys,^  Supplement,  p.  31'yj,  wJio  \\\x\\\v.r 
proved  that  when  tart.  em.  was  injected  into  the  vein*}  of  un  animal  it 
was  very  freely  and  rapidly  eliminated  by  the  stomach.  Dr.  Kichanl 
son  [Lancety  1856,  i)  has  corroborated  this,  and  ha*;  also  found  that  a 
similar  elimination  follows  the  inhalation  of  antimoniuretted  hydro|i;cn. 
(H.  C.  Wood,  op,  cit.) 

II.  M.  Chauppe  divided  the  two  pncumogahtric*i  in  a  do;/,  which 
was  then  allowed  to  rest  till  the  vomiting  provoked  by  th^:  operation 
had  entirely  ceased.  He  then  made  a  sul)cutaneoun  or  intra- venoiii 
injection  of  an  emetic  dose  of  the  substance  who.e  action  he  wiis 
desirous  of  investigating.  With  tart,  em.,  vomitin;.^  m  curred  as  r)iji(  kly 
and  as  freely  in  all  instances  as  when  the  utryu'^  wen:  intact  ;  and  more 
so  than  when  the  drug  was  introduced  into  the  stomach,  (d/ty..  Mt'd, 
de  Paris,  Aug.  ist,  1874.) 


L 


310  APIS.  ™ 

APIS. 
Apit  milHfica^  L,     Honcy-bet. 

I.  Provingt. — i, — a.  Dr.  F.  Humphreys,  25th  August,  cook  on 
tongue,  at  2  p.m,,  i  drop  of  a  tincture  made  by  irntating  bees  in  a 
bottle  and  then  pouring  alcohol  on  them.  In  5  m.  slight  pain  in  L 
temple  soon  followed  by  contraction  and  gnawing  in  throat.  4  p.m. 
Whole  border  of  tongue  feels  scalded,  and  is  as  painful  as  though  it 
were  quite  raw  j  small  papule-like  elevations  along  border  of  tongue. 
9  p.m.  Contractive  sensation  in  throat  increased,  rendering  swallowing 
difficult.  Tongue  very  painful,  the  burning  raw  pain  increases, 
vesicles  appear  along  its  border  with  shooting  pain. — 26th  and  27th, 
The  feeling  as  if  scalded  in  mouth  and  throat  continues.  Small 
elevations  of  the  skin  like  ants*  bites  appear  over  the  external  end  of  the 
1.  eyebrow,  pain  as  if  raw  and  are  very  sensitive  to  pressure. 

b,  2nd  Nov.,  8.30  a.m.,  2  dr.  of  1st  dil,,  5  to  100*  Immediately 
violent  sneezing,  then  pressive  pain  in  sinciput  with  vertigo.  Pain  in 
r.  shoulder  and  upper  arm  j  pressure  on  chest.  Transient  smarting 
itching  over  r,  eyebrow.  Pricking  itching  in  l.  eye,  on  lids  and  round 
about  eye,  mostly  in  inner  canthus.  Pricking  itching  in  throat,  deep 
down  in  it,  as  if  in  root  of  neck  at  the  last  cervical  vertebra,  with 
contractive  sensation. — 3rd,  Painful  stitch  in  muscles  of  r.  side  of 
nape,  worse  when  head  is  bent  to  that  side,  not  when  it  is  moved  in 
any  other  direction,  occurring  on  rising.  Burning  like  fire  on  small 
well-defined  spots  on  hands,  for  several  m.  Itching  of  r,  eyelid  in  fits 
during  d. 

€,  6th  Nov.  took  2  dr.  2nd  dil.  Soon  slight  pressing  in  occiput. 
Itching  in  1.  inner  canthus.  Painful  pressure  in  1,  eyeball,  mostly  oa 
its  lower  part. 

d,  19th  Nov.  2  dr.  2nd  dil.  Fine  burning  pricks  in  fingcr*tips. 
Head  confused  and  dull.  Fine  burning  pricks  in  knee.  Sharp  tensive 
pain  from  nape  spreading  upwards  behind  1*  ear  and  over  1.  side  of 
head.  Shooting  in  both  little  toes.  Itching  of  eyelids.  Pain  in 
sinciput  with  confusion  in  head.  Disagreeable  pain  in  sinciput. 
Sticking  together  of  lids.  Pain  around  1.  eyeball, — 20th,  Shooting  in 
r.  eyeball.  Slow  pulsating  boring  pain  above  left  crista  ilii,  relieved  by 
eructation*  Tensive  pain  in  !.  shoulder,  spreading  up  nape.  Burning 
shooting  and  swollen  feeling  about  1.  eye  in  supraorbital  region. — 21st. 
Restless  tossing  about  the  latter  half  of  n. — 22nd.  N.  sleep  full  of 
dreams.  Lids  stick  together,  must  open  them  in  m.  with  finger. 
Sensation  as  if  a  quantity  of  mucus  were  in  1.  eye  all  d. — 23rd,  Soft 
stool  m.  Sharp  pains  in  cbest,  n.  Sticking  together  of  lids.  Irritable 
humour  all  d.— 24th.  Stitches  through  chest  and  back,  n.  Eructa- 
tion with  taste  of  white  of  egg.  Soft  urgent  stool  m.  Sleep  at  n.  full 
of  dreams.  Irritable  humour,  nothing  is  right,  everything  wrong. — 
29th.  Stool  confined  for  several  d.  Copious  accumulation  of  thick 
phlegm  in  throat,  causing  frequent  hawking,  m.  Painful  vesicle  as 
tender  as  a  boil,  with  red  areola,  suppurating  in  middle,  on  left  side  of  J 
hairy  part  of  pubes,  remains  painful  for  several  d.  ^| 


A?:5.  3:1 

#.  Dec.  ist  tDoc  f  ZT.  zi'z  z'.  >:•:-  r-rc  -.r  *  rJ.'~i  ir.z 
backs  of  hands.  ^r»,  :":rih^i:-  --:*—*!:-  f-^?.  ir.c  :-.  r*:cT  i: 
shaxpir  dennec  sm^ll  spzzs.  T;-f  ;-.  r  :  f  zt  ;■•'  r.ips  .r  ::  :•;"■.  r.i 
ear.  Violent  skarr  pizr.:  it-:  r.  -jf,  txTtr.;  r.r  i.'^r.  ::  ;v*-il., 
transient. — Dec.  2-f.  HsLTSfr.rs^s  sjii  r:_r-  -  :  r*  i"  z.  I'.z  .isz  r.. 

yi  (Dose  nci  srited.  Swtl  rr  ::"  1  ps  ^-.i  s-ss-z'.tr.  :tt\  r.z  ::' 
several  d.,  followed  zj  2.  r'.z'zz  tr.zrzz  r. .r.i  i^:_:  :r.=—  ir.i  ir.r.i^? 
and  exfoliarion  of  liwer  lips.  Ri.g'"-*?:  ir.i  rVe'.r.g  :f  :e-?.rr.  .r. 
lips,  cspeciaiiy  the  lower.  Dirk  =:r:r<<  £:r.z  :""e  ztz  z:  :r.e  lirs, 
mostly  on  the  upper  lip  ;  ::  :=  rr-gh,  chirpe-i,  ir-i  ex::*.:2:e5.  E\ery 
few  m.  must  pass  warer  zll  c..  sit;.-  hi-r.zz  liksr.  3:;i:c:r.e  the  e. 
before.  Smarting  shcorir.g  ser.iaticr.  :r-  r.  eTc'r=l!  caus'r.g  now  o: 
tears.  Pain  in  occiput,  i.-cre-itd  bv  shikirg  hesi.  B-rr.ir.j  or.  edcc 
of  lids  causing  eye  to  warer.  Itchir.g  in  '..  ir.r.er  cir.rhu*.  Burr.ir.g  or" 
toes  with  redness  and  he^:  of  rhem,  whili:  the  :"«:  are  cole.  Niusci 
seems  to  rise  up  in  hi*  throar.  Bum:.-.;  rhoorirg  2?  from  r.re  or.  chin 
and  cheek-bones.  Burning  shoorlng  in  region  o:  I.  eyebrow.  Burning 
at  upper  part  of  I.  ear. 

g.  (Ibid.)  Sleep  at  n.  full  of  dreams.  Twi:ch-n2  of  r.  lid.  Nausea 
and  inclination  to  vomit  at  n.  with  disagreeable  feeing  and  rumbling 
in  belly,  as  though  diarrhxa  wojld  come  on.  Sticking  together  of 
lids.  Soft  urgenlt  stool,  m.  Headache  over  eyes  \%"irh  pains  through 
eyeball,  dull,  heavy,  stretching,  for  about  i  m.  ;  this  occurred  twice. 

A.  Put  some  of  the  tincture  on  his  tongue  June  14th.  Imme- 
diately crawling  in  fingers  of  1.  hand,  prickling  and  feeling  as  after  a 
blow  in  lips  and  nose.  *"  After  8  h.  stiffness  of  "tendons  on  left  side  of 
nape^  painful  when  head  fs  moved  toother  side.  {Jmir,  J^znt-iprii- 
fungen.) 

2.  A  married  woman  whose  menses  had  once  failed  to  appear, 
which  had  never  happened  before,  took,  loth  April,  2  dr.  2nd  dil.  ist 
d.,  pain  along  forehead,  just  above  both  eyes. — 2nd  d.,  some  discharge 
of  blood  from  vagina  without  pain  or  uneasiness. — 3rd  d.,  slight  increase 
of  the  haemorrhage. — 4th  d.,  syncope  and  violent  metrorrhagia  with 
weight  in  hypogastrium,  restlessness,  yawning  and  great  anxiety. 
Took  puis.,  then  bell.,  whereupon  the  restlessness  ceased,  but  as  the 
blood  continued  to  gush  forth  took  sabina,  whereupon  the  discharge 
diminished,  but  lasted  several  d.  longer,  till  at  length  a  foetus  of  2  months 
was  expelled.  {Ibid.) 

3.  Dr.  C.  Herikg  took,  28th  Feb.  8  a.m.,  the  poison  of  one  bee. 
After  I  to  2  m.,  a  distinct  bitter  taste  at  back  of  tongue  and  fauces. 
After  15  m.,  pain  in  abdomen,  slight^  followed  by  urging  to  discharge 
flatus  J  after  20  m.,  a  loud  discharge  of  stinking  flatus.  After  stool, 
rumbling  of  wind.  L.  arm  numb.  Violent  pressure  on  a  small  spot 
in  upper  part  of  1.  side  of  head  (after  pulling  on  boots].  In  1.  half  of 
fiwre,  especially  about  eye,  feeling  as  if  it  would  swell,  very  transient. 
9.30  a.m.  The  pain  in  r.  tendo  Achillis  worse  than  usual.  10.15  a.m. 
Violent  shooting  burning  pain  in  a  small  spot  at  1.  lower  part  of  nape  ; 
also  in  1.  arm  and  1.  side  of  occiput,  but  less  severe.  1 0.30  a.m.  Violent 
pain  on,  above,  and  below  1.  knee,  more  above  to  the  side  and  front, 
itching  of  palms,  worse  on   1.  side,  in  small  burning  spots      AH  this 


312 


APIS. 


before  or  after  drinlcing  cofFcc,  which  seems  not  to  affect  the  action* — - 
It  till  11.30  a.m.  R.  eye  full  of  tears,  which  sometimes  overflow. 
Noon,  a  kind  of  coryza.  Burning  itching  here  and  there,  especialljr 
severe  on  1.  thigh  posteriorly*  Tired,  bruised  in  all  limbs,  especially 
back,  just  as  one  feels  in  the  m*  after  great  exertion  the  d.  before, 
especially  felt  on  rising  from  seat,  must  stretch  himself  even  in  the 
street,  12.30  p.m.  Severe  burning  stitch  in  upper  part  of  sacrum. 
Afternoon,  headache  in  a  small  spot  inwardly  on  I.  anterior  angle  of 
head,  above  outer  end  of  I,  eyebrow,  remains  all  d.,  worse  on  coughing 
(still  some  next  m.).  I  p.m.  Violent  pain  about  first  1.  upper  molar, 
seems  to  be  in  connection  with  headache.  Desire  for  coitus  during  d*, 
when  sitting  in  room  and  driving  in  carriage.  In  lower  part  of  K  knee 
in  front,  violent  transient  pains.  3  to  5  p.m.  Curious  inward  trembling 
feeling,  as  after  an  illness,  with  a  kind  of  shuddering  (without  coldness  or 
shivering)  running  over  back,  chiefly  in  its  upper  half.  6  p.m.  Dryness 
under  tongue,  going  off  on  moving  tongue  much.  All  c.  headache  and 
some  cough  in  single  impulses*  At  n.,  before  midnight,  woke  up  from 
other  causes,  and  had  violent  cough  from  a  crawling  irritation  in  wind- 
pipe, near  pit  of  throat.  At  each  cough  increased  headache,  above  on 
the  I.  After  4  h.  some  phlegm  is  detached  and  swallowed,  and  the 
cough  ceases  at  once. — 21st.  Headache  continues,  less  severe,  more 
extended.  Desire  to  change  occupation,  will  not  remain  long  at  any- 
thing i  at  same  time,  confusion  of  head.  Yesterday  and  to  day,  some  pain 
in  back  under  scapulse,  worst  on  r.  Very  foetid  flatus.  Burning  twitch- 
ing like  a  pricking  contraction  in  r.  thumb,  chiefly  from  without  inwards, 
also  on  other  places  similar  sensations.  Yesterday  and  to-day,  marked 
increase  of  micturition.  Stool  scanty,  pappy  ;  piles  remain  externally. 
Now  and  then,  violent  pains  on  outer  side  of  1.  knee.  Pain  in  interior 
of  r,  ear.  Burning  places  here  and  there,  especially  on  back,  which 
itch  also.  Coryza  e.,  slight  stoppage  of  nose,  and  now  and  then  drops 
from  it ;  dread  of  cold,  which,  however,  does  not  aggravate,  whereas 
warmth  aggravates.  E.  very  sleepy  early.  Severe  cough,  especially 
after  lying  and  sleeping^  the  tickling  on  a  small  spot  low  down  at  back 
of  windpipe  wakes  him.  When  coughing  head  is  painful  (L),  must 
bend  head  back  so  as  to  diminish  the  pain  caused  by  the  cough.  Cough 
most  in  warmth  and  when  at  rest.  As  soon  as  the  smallest  portion  of 
phlegm  is  detached  it  is  relieved. — ^22nd.  M,,  r.  eye  waters,  Cory^a 
continues  but  is  dry,  only  a  little  moisture  on  blowing  nose.  Nose 
feels  congested  as  though  it  would  swell,  but  no  soreness.  All  d.,  the 
same  bruised  feeling  in  back,  chest,  last  ribs,  worst  l,,on  a  spot  as  broad 
as  the  hand,  as  though  the  muscles  beneath  were  sore.  For  several  d. 
diminished  appetite,  though  the  tongue  that  was  previously  furred  is 
now  clean. — N.  between  22nd  and  23rd.  Cough  retards  getting  to 
sleep.  Woke  about  midjnght  with  same  cough.  Distinct  tickling 
behind  and  low  down,  which  causes  irresistible  violent  coughs.  After 
repeated  attacks  a  small  lump  of  phlegm  is  detached,  and  he  gets 
rest.  Must  bend  head  back  when  coughing,  never  had  a  similar  cough. 
— 23rd.  M,,  crawling  as  of  an  insect  on  inside  of  r.  knee  for  several  n,, 
frequently  repeated.  Nothing  visible  there.  Always  in  m.  small,  yellow, 
thin  stoolS|  to-day  a  few  drops  of  bright-red  blood  after  stool,  not  unusual. 


APIS. 


3«3 


I 
I 

I 


—23rd  and  24th »  Cough  only  e,,  not  at  n.^ — 24th  and  25th*  Internal 
burning  at  a  hang-nail  on  outside  of  r,  fourth  finger,  where  there  is 
much  inward  pain,  but  no  redness.  Also  inward  burning  on  tip  of 
finger.  For  more  than  a  week  the  stool  remained  thin,  pappy,  bright 
ycUow,  then  it  became  darker.  Also  the  burning  at  the  finger-tips 
recurred  occasionally  for  a  week.     {Ibid,) 

4.  Mr.  Langstroth,  a  gentleman  fond  of  natural  history,  had 
occupied  himself  for  8  or  10  years  in  the  study  of  bee  life.  During 
that  time  he  was  in  the  habit  of  frequently  killing  bees  and  tasting  the 
honey  they  contained j  in  order  to  ascertain  whence  it  was  derived. 
He  very  often  got  the  poison  out  of  their  poison  bags  on  his  tongue, 
and  he  noticed  that  its  taste  was  aromatic  bitter.  On  learning  that 
the  poison  of  the  bee  was  capable  of  producing  morbid  symptoms,  he 
remembered  that  his  health  had  not  been  so  good  while  making  his  bee 
investigations  as  it  was  previously  \  and  this  although  he  led  a  most 
regular  and  careful  life,  took  no  wine,  beer,  or  spirits.  In  order  to  try 
if,  perhaps,  the  bee- poison  he  had  swallowed  during  aJl  these  years  was 
the  cause  of  his  ill-health,  he  took  the  poison  of  a  bee  on  his  tongue, 
and  that  same  d.  many  of  his  troublesome  symptoms  returned,  and 
lasted  several  d.  The  symptoms  that  had  troubled  him  these  10  years 
were  the  following:  often  tiresome  prostration  ;  loss  of  all  power,  with 
trembling  feeling.  Occasionally  disagreeable  sensation  in  head  making 
him  unfit  for  mental  work.  The  head  is  too  full  as  if  of  blood.  Weight 
and  pressure,  and  often  sudden  rush  of  blood  to  head.  Cannot  bear 
close  rooms,  especially  when  over-heated.  Head  confused  and  dizzy, 
weight  and  fulness  in  top  of  head,  dull  pressure  in  top  of  forehead  down 
totemples,  as  though  it  would  burst;  dull  pressure  in  head  on  rising  up 
from  sitting  or  lying  ;  sometimes  throbbing  in  head,  worse  on  moving 
and  stooping,  transiently  relieved  by  compressing  head  with  hands» 
Reading  increases  the  headache.  Pressive  pain  over  eyes  and  round 
eyes,  relieved  by  external  pressure  with  hands.  Pricking  itching  round 
eyes  on  eyebrows,  lids  and  eyes  themselves,  worst  on  K,  especially  in 
inner  canthi,  with  inclination  to  press  or  rub  the  eyes*strongly  ;  at  same 
time  a  sore  pain  on  borders  of  lids  and  in  canthi  and  eyes,  quivering  of 
1.  eyeball.  All  d.,  feeling  as  if  there  was  mucus  in  eyes,  especially  in  1. 
Full  feeling  in  eyes  and  weak  sight.  Behind  1.  ear,  a  pain  similar  to 
that  over  the  eyes.  Violent  drawing  from  nape  to  behind  L  ear, 
spreading  on  1.  side  of  head.  Very  tiresome  pains  In  gums.  A  quantity  of 
vesicles  and  small  sore  red  places  on  tip  of  tongue  and  1.  border  of  tongue. 
Raw  feeling  in  throat,  with  frequent  inclination  to  hawk.  Occasional 
roughness  and  sensitiveness  in  larynx,  soon  after  smelling  poison.  In 
upper  part  of  chest  sometimes  pressive  pain,  sometimes  sharp  stitches 
through  chest.  Rheumatic  stitches  on  r.  side  of  nape.  Stiff  neck. 
Pressure  under  scapulae,  where  it  is  painful  when  moving.  Stiff  feeling 
in  sacrum.  When  drawing  off  boots  and  stockings,  e,,  the  feet  often 
swollen-  Very  disagreeable  sensation  in  bladder  with  forcing  down 
upon  the  sphincter,  and  such  frequent  urging  to  pass  water,  that  not 
only  must  he  urinate  many  times  during  d.,  but  must  rise  10  or  la 
times  at  n.  to  do  so.  When  urinating,  burning  and  sore  pain,  uneasy 
feeling  in  spermatic  cords.     Very  restless  sleep,  wakes  often  at  n.  i 


314 


APIS. 


constant  dreaming.  Nervous  restlessness,  especially  last  half  of  n*  Has 
not  the  slightest  refreshment  from  sleep,  brain  seems  to  have  no  rest  d. 
or  o*  Busy  dreams  full  of  care  and  trouble.  Often  felt  as  if  flying 
away  in  the  air.  One  n.  after  talcing  a  dose  for  trial  was  plagued  the 
whole  n.  with  an  artificial  flying  machine,  the  wings  of  which  he  tried 
in  vain  to  set  in  motion.  On  3rd  d.  of  last  trial,  had  a  very  contrary, 
irritable  and  angry  humour,  so  that  nothing  could  be  done  to  please 
him.  Everything  was  wrong  for  him,  though  he  had  had  no  cause  to 
get  out  of  temper.     [Ibid.) 

5.  C.  KiNDERMANN,  medical  student,  i6th  April,  6.15  a.m.,  took 
12  dried  bee-poison  bags  at  once»  On  the  places  where  the  bags 
softened  the  taste  was  narcotic,  astringent,  and  irritating.  After  2  to 
3  m,,  there  came  a  taste  exactly  like  that  of  sweet  almonds  ;  15  m. 
later  a  dull  compression  on  both  sides  of  forehead  from  supra-orbital 
border  to  frontal  sinuses,  not  amounting  to  pain.  This  lasted  till 
8  a.m.  at  breakfast.  After  this  it  went  off  and  no  other  symptom 
showed  itself.     {Ibid*) 

6.  Dr.  W.  Helmuth'  look,  in  2  provings,  80  drops  of  a  tincture 
made  with  the  poison  of  10  bees  in  100  drops  of  alcohol.  After  i^  h. 
raw  feeling  in  throat,  with  thick  viscid  saliva  that  adhered  to  hard  and 
soft  palate  and  tongue,  at  same  time  weakness  and  ill-humour.  This 
lasted  4  h.,  then  a  dull  heavy  pain  in  r.  parietal  protuberance  and  soon 
afterwards  violent  eructation  of  wind.  The  headache  was  not  relieved 
by  pressing  on  it.  Next  came  shootings  in  forehead  and  temples  j 
numbness  (or  insensibility)  of  fingers  especially  about  roots  of  nails ; 
rumbling  in  belly,  with  urgent  call  to  stool  ;  burning  in  face  with 
sensation  of  fulness  as  if  blood-vessels  were  too  full  ;  dull  pain  all  over 
head,  relieved  by  pressure  ;  nausea,  vomiting  of  food  and  diarrhoea  ;  the 
faecal  evacuations  lumpy,  not  very  foetid.  Drowsiness  j  weakness  ; 
vomiting  of  bile  j  the  dtarrhcca  continues  with  some  tenesmus  ;  the 
vomiting  recurs,  the  matter  vomited  is  a  thin,  watery,  very  bitter  fluid, 
with  violent  pains  across  hypogastrium  j  raw  feeling  in  anus  and  almost 
incessant  urging  to  urinate  j  burning  in  urethra  while  urinating,  and 
slight  feeling  of  stricture  near  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  Great  desire  to 
sleep.  Very  distinct  numb  feeling  at  finger-tips,  and  sensation  as  if  the 
finger-nails  were  loose  j  dysenteric  stools  with  much  tenesmus,  and 
after  stool  sensation  as  if  the  bowels  were  bruised  ;  increasing  weakness 
with  diminishing  headache.  Sore  feeling  in  stomach  and  belly. 
Extreme  sleepiness.  In  n.  sleep  woke  four  times  with  great  thirst 
for  cold  water.     {Ibid.) 

7.  Dr.  BiGELOW  proved  tinct.,  manner  not  stated.  Dread  of  death, 
or  sensation  as  if  he  should  not  be  able  to  breathe  again  \  weight  and 
fulness  in  upper  head  ;  burning  and  throbbing  in  head  aggravated  by 
motion  and  stooping,  tem^xirarily  relieved  by  pressing  head  firmly  with 
hands,  with  occasional  sweat  for  some  h.  j  oppressive  headache  when 
in  warm  room  and  reading  \  violent  aching  pains  through  temples  ; 
sensation  of  whirling  around  in  sight,  with  difficulty  of  seeing  at  same 
timcj  lasting  a  moment  only  j  hurried  and  difficult  respiration,  with 
fever  and  headache  (2nd  d.)  \  short  rapid  breathing  at  n. ;  pulse  95,  full 
and  strong  (2nd  proving)  j  occasional  feeling  of  chilliness,  with  dispo- 


APIS.  31S 

sition  to  yawn  5  slight  rigor  soon  passing  ofF,  followed  by  fever  at  n.  ; 
sweating  and  dryness  of  skin  alternating.  {Horn,  Provings^  cd.  by 
Metcalf,  1853.) 

8.  a.  Dr.  Bishop  proved  tinct.  Dull  heavy  feeling,  inclining  eyes  to 
close,  desire  to  rub  and  press  them  forcibly  ;  yellow  watery  diarrhoea, 
with  griping ;  bearing-down  pain  as  in  early  stages  of  parturition,  in 
several  cases  ;  sensation  of  soreness  in  chest,  pains,  bruised  feeling,  as  if 
jammed,  bruised,  or  beaten  in  some  recent  accident ;  sensation  of 
melting  heat  in  region  of  diaphragm,  as  if  from  running  violently  ; 
sudden  flush  of  heat  over  back,  as  though  sweat  would  break  out, 
accompanied  by  pain  at  1.  sacro-iliac  junction  ;  sensation  of  burning 
heat  and  stinging  at  various  portions  of  surface  at  same  time.     [Ibid,) 

b.  Same  physician  records  the  following  case  : — Miss  R — ,  at.  40, 
for  pain  in  ovarian  tumours  of  some  standing,  without  pain  or  fever,  took 
3  dr.  of  2nd  dil.  in  dosi  refracta^  followed  by  1st  in  same  manner. 
Effects  (which  began  before  ist  dil.  was  taken)  were  as  follows  : — 
General  headache,  very  severe,  with  great  sensation  of  pressure  or  rush 
of  blood  to  head  \  throbbing,  painful,  burning  sensation  in  temples  ; 
smarting  burning  in  eyes,  conjunctivae  much  reddened,  great  sensitive- 
ness to  Tight ;  peculiar  burning  heat  of  face  for  24  h.,  followed  by  some- 
what livid  and  purplish  appearance  ;  severe  burning  pain  under  short 
ribs  on  both  sides,  most  severe  on  1.,  lasting  there  more  than  2  weeks, 
during  which  she  could  hardly  sleep ;  greenish-yellow  slimy  diarrhoea, 
perfectly  painless,  coming  on  about  24  h.  after  ist  dose,  and  lasting  i 
d.,  during  which  she  had  twelve  motions  ;  urine  diminished  one  half, 
though  scanty  before  taking  medicine ;  severe  scalding  in  urinating ; 
feverish  heat,  increasing  for  36  h.,  then  followed  by  severe  shaking 
chill  at  5  a.m.,  in  which  she  felt  very  cold  but  was  not  so  to  touch. 
[Jbid.) 

9.  Dr.  Hays  proved  tinct.  Dull  ache  in  occiput  ;  slight  aggluti- 
nation of  eyes  in  m.  ;  jumping  pain  m  upper  I.  molars  ;  violent  eructa- 
tions, tasting  like  yolk  of  eggs  ;  nausea,  as  from  throat  j  pricking  pain 
in  stomach  as  from  needles ;  in  abdomen  rumbling,  as  if  diarrhcea 
would  come  on  ;  sore  feeling  in  m.,  when  sneezing  or  pressing  on  it  • 
dull  pain  \  sickly  feeling,  disposing  one  to  continue  in  sitting  posture  ; 
throbbing  in  rectum ;  sense  of  heat  and  stuffing  in  anus  \  loose  lumpy 
stool  i  loose  urgent  stool  in  m. ;  sensation  in  rectum  resembling  an 
electric  shock,  slightly  painful,  followed  by  urging  to  stool  j  stool 
natural,  but  preceded  by  emission  of  flatus  and  a  small  quantity  of 
almost  colourless  water,  containing  lumps  of  jelly-like  mucus  stained 
with  blood  ;  stitch-like  pain  in  urethra ;  hoarseness  and  rough  voice  • 
stitches  in  1.  chest,  under  heart,  and  at  n.  through  chest  and  back  • 
slight  oppression  of  chest,  with  frequent  desire  to  draw  long  breath  • 
dull  pressure  under  scapula,  with  sore  feeling  on  moving  parts  ;  slight 
sense  of  stiffness  in  nucha  and  small  of  back  ;  dull  pains  apparently  in 
bones  of  legs,  arms,  and  fingers  ;  sore  feeling  of  flesh  of  legs,  leaving 
while  walking,  returning  while  sitting  ;  prickling  all  over  body,  most 
on  palms  and  back  of  hands,  face,  and  forehead,  chiefly  at  circumscribed 
spots.  [Ibid,) 

10.  Dr.  Kellogg  proved  tinct.     On  3rd  d.  sense  of  dulncss  in 


3i6 


APIS. 


forehead  just  over  eyes,  and  sudden  darting  pains  in  1.  elbow  of  brief 
duration  ;  on  4th  d,  odour  from  axillary  glands  becomes  much 
increased  and  very  penetrating ;  on  5th  d.  somewhat  frequent  desire 
to  urinate,  with  uneasiness  in  spermatic  cord  ;  on  6tb  d,  this  aggra- 
vated, with  burning  in  urethra  j  at  n,,  on  removing  boots  and  socks, 
feet  were  found  highly  swelled,  with  sensations  of  weight  and  stiffness, 
upper  parts  of  feet  were  bright  red,  felt  rigid  and  itched  ;  soles  and  balls 
of  toes  had  painful  sensation  of  fulness,  and  in  walking  gave  sensation 
as  if  cushioned.*  Prover  had  also  transient  darting  pains  in  external 
malleolus  of  1.  ankle  for  4  d.  j  and  his  stools  were  soft  and  pappy, 
seemingly  mixed  (as  if  beaten  up)  with  serum  of  orange  colour*  {Ibid.) 

11.  Dr,  Wells  seems  to  have  taken  a  drop  of  3rd  every  m,  for  3  d. 
On  1st  d,  heaviness  and  pressure  in  head  set  in  i  h,  after  dose,  and 
lasted  3 — ^4  d.  ;  also  itching  and  prickling  of  lids  of  r.  eye  \  dryness 
and  heat  in  throat  and  prickling  heat  on  tongue  ;  general  sense  of  heat, 
worse  in  chest  and  stomach  ;  sensation  of  fulness,  tension  and  pres- 
sure in  chest;  dull  aching  pains  in  1.  chest  near  middle  of  sternum, 
several  times  with  sense  of  fulness  in  chest  and  short  breath ;  burning 
of  feet ;  itching  pricking  of  skin  on  diiferent  parts,  most  on  legs, 
throughout  d,  ;  pulse  increased  from  65  to  77.  At  n.,  heat  with  agita- 
tion, frequent  waking,  and  dreams  with  vexatious  cares  about  business. 
On  2nd  d.  dull  heavy  headache  on  rising,  continuing  till  3  p.m.  ;  dry- 
ness in  mouth  and  throat,  tongue  feeling  as  H  burnt,  and  in  m,  copious 
accumulation  of  soapy  saliva  ;  more  frequent  inclination  to  urinate, 
with  some  burning  before  and  after  emission  ;  in  m.  stil!  burning  heat 
in  chest  and  stomach  ;  blotches  on  body  and  backs  of  hands,  with 
stinging  as  from  nettles  ;  general  feeling  of  lassitude.  On  3rd  d.  urine 
high  coloured,  scanty,  and  frequent,  with  burning  as  before  ;  boring 
pains  in  temples  set  in,  and  continued  for  several  d.  at  intervals. 
Prover  also  notes  :  Loose  stools  8  d,  in  succession  ;  pain  near  heart  at 
n.,  almost  arresting  breathing,  continuing  for  some  d.  at  intervals; 
disagreeable  dreams  about  friends  \  sensation  as  of  movement  from 
place  to  place,  mostly  travelling  by  rail  ;  general  sense  of  lassitude  with 
trembling.     [Ibid,) 

12.  SwAMMERDAM  says  that  he  tasted  the  poison  of  the  queen  bee. 
First  he  noticed  a  bitter  taste,  which  subsequently  became  more  acrid 
and  pungent,  and  spread  through  the  whole  buccal  cavity  to  the  jaws 
and  caused  a  flow  of  saliva.  The  tongue  was  affected  in  the  same  way, 
only  less,  as  after  chewing  Anthemis  pyrethrum  (P, officinale)*  There 
was  also  observed  a  great  movement  in  all  parts  of  the  mouth,  as 
though  he  had  taken  10  or  12  dr.  of  the  strongest  alcohol.  He  after- 
wards tasted  the  poison  of  other  bees  and  wasps.  It  had  the  same 
effect,  only  the  poison  of  the  worker-bee  was  much  milder  than  that  of 
the  wasps.      [Jmer.  Jrzneipr.y  p,  252,) 

13.  8.15  a.m.  Health  good,  pulse  65,  took  10  drops  2X  in  ^  oz.  of 
water.  Soon  itching  of  scalp,  extends  to  face  and  neck.  8*20, 
Lachrymation  and  watery  nose,  itching  continues.  8.25.  Repeated 
eructations,  thick  mucus  in  pharynx,  itching  extends  to  thighs  and 
hands.     8.35.  Drawing  in  1.  biceps,     8.47.  Desire  to  urinate,  ringing 

♦  Symptoms  of  6lh  d.  are  said  to  have  been  *'  from  large  doses." — Eds, 


APIS. 


3^7 


in  ft  car,  much  mucus  in  throat,  itching  at  intervals.  9.  Pulse  irre- 
gular in  frequency,  62,  ache  in  r.  ulnar  nerve,  cramp  in  r.  arm,  occa- 
sional eructations.  9*15.  OccasionaJ  sneezing  and  watery  eyes,  9.22, 
Stitching  or  pricking  pain  in  r,  nipple,  extends  into  lung,  9.35. 
Urinated,  urine  strong  odour  (unusual),  stinging  in  r.  caruncula,  eyes 
watery.  9.45.  Chilliness  while  eating,  much  eructation  after  j  drawing 
in  r.  arm  with  burning  of  anterior  surface.  10.  Stinging  in  r.  palm, 
after  in  region  of  heart,  usual  stool  and  urine.  10.10.  Fulness  and 
aching  in  r.  testis,  sharp  pain  in  r.  temple,  followed  by  mental  depres- 
sion. 12.  No  appetite  for  lunch,  scant  urine,  occasional  stitches  about 
heart,  cramp  in  1.  shoulder,  mental  depression  continues.  12,30. 
Shooting  pain  deep  in  pelvis,  soreness  of  1.  testis.  4,  Urging  to  urinate, 
u.  scant  and  dribbling,  cold,  damp  feet,  sexual  excitement  without  cause* 

5,  Hot  face,  cold  feet,  urging  to  urinate  returns,  sneezing,  pulse  72, 

6.  After  moderate  meal,  distension  of  abdomen  and  dyspnoea  when 
lying  down,  strong  desire  for  stool,  passed  flatus  freely,  urinated  freely. 
10.  Excited  brain,  febrile  heat,  pulse  80,  flushed  oedematous  face, 
sneezing  at  intervals,  with  considerable  lassitude ;  urinated  scantily 
three  times  during  n.  (unusual).  [Commu  fit  cation  from  A.  W.  Wood- 
ward, M.D.) 

II.  P&uonings, — i.  Alexander  S.  Baker,  farmer,  aet,  25,  of  light 
complexion,  brown  hair  and  blue  eyes,  robust  constitution.  Had  always 
been  accustomed  to  work  among  bees  j  had  been  stung  repeatedly  ;  never 
with  any  serious  effect,  except  slight  swelling,  which  disappeared  after 
a  few  h« 

a.  In  August,  1858,  was  stung  upon  the  tip  of  the  nose.  It 
instantlv  struck  through  his  whole  frame  like  an  electric  shock,  thrilling 
both  ends  of  his  fingers  and  toes.  He  immediately  started  for  the 
house,  distant  about  three  rods,  which  he  reached  with  difficulty,  being 
scarcely  able  to  walk,  staggering  ;  mind  bewildered  ;  head  felt  big, 
confused.  Upon  reaching  his  home  the  heart  palpitated  violentJy,  so 
as  to  be  sensible  to  himself  and  audible  to  those  in  the  room  ;  faintness, 
*'death-like  *'  prostration,  which  continued  half  an  h.,  accompanied 
with  intense  anxiety  and  " distress'*  at  stomach,  oppression  of  the 
chest,  dyspnoea,  short  rapid  breathing,  pulse  accelerated  i  nausea,  fol- 
lowed by  yellow  and  bitter  vomiting  at  45  m,  after  the  accident.  At 
this  time  had  a  chill,  with  shivering,  accompanied  by  a  terrible  racking 
pain  all  through  the  head,  with  increased  prostration  ;  no  pulse  at  the 
wrist  i  blood  settled  under  toe-  and  finger-nails  ;  ears  purple  ;  jactita- 
tion of  the  muscles  j  complete  loss  of  consciousness,  followed,  after  half 
an  h.,  by  flushes  of  heat,  mixed  with  chills.  Skin  extremely  sensitive 
to  contact ;  painful  to  the  slightest  touch  ;  could  not  bear  the  sheet 
upon  htm ;  red  and  white  blotches  over  the  body  and  extremities,  like 
nettle-rash.  After  the  lapse  of  about  3  h,  he  recovered  his  conscious- 
ness, and  the  headache  gradually  disappeared,  leaving  him  much  pros- 
trated, unable  to  concentrate  his  mind,  with  confusion  when  attempting 
to  read  or  study,  lasting  some  weeks,  attended  by  frequent  attacks  of 
vertigo  and  blindness. 

if.  In  September,  1859,  the  same  man  was  again  stung  in  the  same 
region,  producing  the  following  symptoms: — Sudden  prostration,  with 


3i8 


APIS. 


coldness  ;  pulseless  at  wrist  for  20  m.  ;  rapid  feeble  beats  of  the  heart ; 
dyspnoea  j  it  seemed  impossible  to  breathe  ;  "  had  to  fan  him  to  keep 
him  alive/*  said  his  father.  This  was  succeeded  by  hot  flashes,  nausea, 
vomiting,  and  copious  watery  diarrhoea,  twitching  of  the  muscles,  rash, 
red  blotches,  with  great  sensitiveness  of  the  skin  to  contact.  This 
sensitiveness  of  the  skin  extended  all  over  the  body.  Bursting,  expan- 
sive pain  in  the  head,  attended  by  vertigo  and  confusion  of  the  mind  j 
was  unable  to  think  clearly  or  express  himself*  Drank  about  half  a  pint 
of  diluted  alcohol,  as  an  antidote,  without  experiencing  any  intoxicat- 
ing  effect.  The  critical  symptoms  disappeared  after  three  or  four  hours, 
leaving  him  much  prostrated,  from  which  he  was  a  long  time  in  recover- 
ing. Has  not  been  able  to  endure  hard  labour  since  ;  is  affected,  upon 
exerting  himself,  with  headache,  expansive  pains  all  over  the  head, 
vertigo,  and  palpitation.    (M  Y,  St,  Horn.  Soc.  Trans.y  iii,  104.) 

2.  Miss  —  was  stung  by  a  bee  on  r,  neck  ;  a  few  m.  thereafter  she 
experienced  sensation  of  heat  and  stinging  extending  over  whole  body. 
Face  became  much  swollen,  and  eyelids  puffed  up  j  lids  everted.  Sick- 
ness at  stomach  ajid  pain  over  whole  body,  latter  so  severe  as  to 
occasion  crying.  Body  covered  with  large  wheals,  slightly  raised,  and 
quite  white  j  interspaces  being  deep  scarlet.  Pain  in  head  and  eye- 
balls ;  mouth  very  dry  ;  throat  constricted,  as  if  something  were  lodged 
there  j  deglutition  painful.  About  a  week  later,  when  symptoms  had 
subsided,  patient  had  an  attack  of  nettle-rash.     (/^/V,,  N.  S.,  i,  152,) 

3*  Mr.  —  has  frequently  been  stung  by  bees.  In  5  or  10  m,  he 
feels,  as  first  symptom,  a  heartburn  j  he  has  also  experienced  frequent 
and  long-lasting  erections  as  an  effect.     {Ibid,) 

4,  A  girl,  set.  25,  was  suddenly  attacked,  without  known  cause,  by 
the  following  symptoms  i — ^Face  bloated,  cyanotic  ;  respiration  slow, 
difficult  ;  commencing  pulmonary  oedema  ;  sensorium  confused  \  pulse 
small,  quick  ;  extremities  cool.  All  r.  arm  was  swollen,  and  cubital, 
axillary,  and  cervical  glands  on  that  side  enlarged.  On  offering  water, 
which  patient  urgently  demanded,  sudden  convulsions,  with  expression 
of  utmost  anxiety  in  face,  as  in  hydrophobia.  Convulsions  also  occurred 
when  physician  accidentally  took  hold  of  forefinger.  In  middle  of  this 
finger  a  bee-sting  was  observed  sticking,  surrounded  by  a  small  red 
areola.  On  removing  this,  convulsions  ceased,  and  therewith  dread 
of  water.  Patient  rapidly  recovered,  and  next  d.  was  quite  well,  save 
for  weakness.  She  said  symptoms  commenced  almost  immediately 
after  being  stung,     [Mg.  horn,  Zat,^  xcvii,  No.  5,) 

5,  After  a  sting  on  the  eyebrow,  sudden  sinking  of  the  vital  power, 
violent  vomiting,  copious  diarrhoea,  cold  limbs,  pale  face,  violent,  cutting 
pains  in  abdomen,  pulse  weak^  scarcely  to  be  felt  j  no  redness  or  pain 
at  the  place  where  the  sting  was  made,  only  after  the  other  symptoms 
had  gone  some  redness  of  the  stung  point  was  seen,  (Bishop,  Am* 
Arz.,  p.  230,) 

6,  A  boy,  xt.  7,  when  playing,  was  stung  by  a  bee  on  the 
finger.  Some  chilliness  all  over,  felt  very  unwell,  had  to  go  home  and 
lie  down.  On  undressing  saw  eruption  of  nettle-rash  aU  over,  that 
itched  much,      (Raue,  Ibid,) 

7,  After  a  bee-sting  on  finger  there  came  a  red  place  with  some 


APIS. 


319 


swelling  and  a  painful  stripe  along  the  arms^  in  course  of  lymphatics,  and 
sickness  even  to  vomiting*      (Hering,  Ibid,) 

8.  A  girl,  aet.  10,  who  had  often  previously  been  stung  by  bees 
without  anything  following  but  burning  pain  and  redness,  was  stung 
in  the  neck  under  the  maxillary  bone.  In  \  h.  she  began  to  feel  burning 
and  pricking  in  hands,  especially  palms,  which  got  very  red.  Cold 
water  relieved  the  burning.  The  same  sensation  soon  spread  on  whole 
face,  which  got  very  hot  and  red  ;  she  had  also  nervous  restlessness,  so 
that  she  could  not  remain  in  one  place,  and  the  tears  came  imo  her 
eyes.  The  upper  lip  was  so  much  swollen  as  though  it  were  turned 
inside  out.  Countenance  so  much  changed  that  she  could  hardly  be 
recognised.  Soon  the  burning  spread  to  the  feet  and  was  now  all  over 
body.  When  undressed  she  was  found  to  be  covered  with  red  places 
the  size  of  a  hand,  as  though  they  had  been  scalded.  This  was  40  to 
50  m,  after  the  sting.  She  had  a  severe  rigor,  though  it  was  a  warm 
day.  The  face  remained  swollen.  She  complained  of  great  anxiety 
in  head,  and  the  whole  nervous  system  seemed  much  affected.  After 
sleep  gradually  became  better,  and  next  m.,  18  b.  after  sting,  was  well. 
(Langstroth,  Ibid.y  p.  231.) 

9*  A  boy,  aet.  10,  was  stung  by  a  bee  on  r.  commissure  of  mouth. 
At  once  feeling  of  general  numbness,  and  after  a  few  m.  the  most 
violent  itching  like  needle  pricks,  had  to  rub  the  whole  body  with 
cloths  in  order  to  allay  it,  After  rubbing  he  was  observed  to  be  covered 
from  head  to  foot  with  small,  white  spots,  as  after  gnat-bites.  This 
lasted  i  h,,  then  swelling  was  considerable.  In  a  few  h.  the  r,  eye 
was  completely  closed  and  the  1.  nearly  so.  Cheeks  and  nose  were  on 
same  level,  chest  like  a  great  board,  the  lower  part  of  the  cheeks  hung 
down  towards  chest.  ihe  swelling  lasted  several  d.  (Coxe,  PhiL 
Mid.  Museum^  N.  S.,  i,  1 50,  184,  quoted  in  /A/W.,  p.  232.) 

10.  A  man,  aet.  26,  was  stung  by  a  bee  on  the  cheek,  but  felt  no 
inconvenience.  A  quarter  of  an  h.  afterwards  he  was  stung  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  tip  of  the  nose.  He  suddenly  felt  an  indescribable 
sensation  through  the  whole  body,  with  a  pricking  feeling,  and  white 
and  red  spots  on  the  palms,  armSj  and  legs.  At  the  same  time  tears 
flowed  involuntarily  from  the  eyes,  the  nose  and  face  swelled,  he 
became  hoarse,  lost  his  taste,  had  pressure  in  scrob.  cordis  and  difficulty 
of  breathing.  On  the  way  home,  about  half  a  mile,  he  felt  a  great 
desire  to  sleep,  with  increasing  dyspnoea,  and  on  reaching  home  his 
face,  neck,  chest,  and  limbs  were  considerably  swollen,  and  the  other 
symptoms  had  increased.  He  drank  a  little  water  in  which  salt  was 
dissolved,  and  dabbed  his  face  with  it.  Soon  afterwards  he  had  a  rigor 
with  cold  limbs  and  nausea.  He  got  10  gr.  Dover^s  powder  and 
several  doses  of  the  expressed  juice  of  plantain,  also  a  lotion  of  plantain 
and  lettuce.  Plantain  leaves  were  laid  on  his  face,  and  in  about  an  h, 
the  symptoms  began  to  abate.  The  swelling  of  the  face  lasted  several 
d.  and  the  prickly  feeling  returned  after  exertion  for  several  weeks. 
(James  Mease,  Am.  Journ.  if  Mid.  6V.,  Nov.,  1836,  quoted  in  Ibid.^ 
p.  2360 

1 1 ,  A  woman  was  stung  by  a  bee  between  the  mammse.  In  about 
10  m.  the  toes  of  both  feet  felt  too  large,  swollen,  and  stiff.     Soon 


3ao 


APIS. 


the  same  sensation  came  fn  the  head  ;  it  felt  so  targe  she  looked  in  the 
glass  to  see  if  it  were  actually  swollen.  Then  the  whole  body  felt  too 
large.  She  felt  so  queer  that  she  lay  down  at  full  length  on  the  ground, 
she  knew  not  why,  because  she  did  not  feel  so  faint,  only  so  queer, 
that  she  thought  she  should  die.  She  was  bled,  but  without  relief^ 
then  she  got  ammonia  and  laudanum  and  felt  better,  but  the  whol^ 
abdomen  was  covered  with  very  elevated  long  stripes.  (HEIUNa^ 
/i/V.,  p.  239.) 

12.  A  man  was  stung  by  a  bee  in  the  K  testicle.  The  part  swelled 
to  such  an  extent  that  there  was  scarcely  room  for  it  in  the  scrotum, 
with  tensive  feeling  and  the  most  violent  Itching.  Soon  afterwards  the 
whole  I.  side  of  the  body  swelled,  first  in  the  joints,  where  lumps 
appeared  which  looked  somewhat  inflamed  and  itched  violently.  The 
cervical  glands  also  on  the  stung  side  were  swollen.  Soon  after  the 
sting  he  felt  a  faint  sick  sensation  under  short  ribs  and  all  over  abdo- 
men. This  lasted  3  h.  At  same  time  dull  heavy  pain  in  sinciput  and 
sides  of  head,  relieved  by  pressing  with  hands.     (Raue,  Ibid^  p.  242,) 

13.  A  woman  was  stung  by  a  bee  on  the  temple.  Immediately  she 
got  pain  in  teeth,  trembling  and  working  of  lips  and  tongue,  dyspnoea, 
retching,  several  fainting  nts,  whereon  perspiration  broke  out  all  over 
and  an  urticarious  rash  spread  all  over  the  body  5  then  rigor,  copious 
evacuation  of  blackish-brown,  green,  and  white  faeces,  stitch  in  the 
side.  Next  d*  well.  (Mdller,  Aied,  Gtrresponden^hL  d*  IVurUmk. 
arzt,  f^er.y  ix.  No.  3,  quoted  in  Ihid.^  p.  243.) 

14.  A  robust  man,  set.  35,  was  stung  by  a  bee  on  the  top  of  his 
head.  He  felt  no  pain  on  the  place.  In  20  to  30  m.  his  toi>gue 
swelled,*  then  his  face,  especially  about  eyes  j  the  swelling  then 
extended  all  over  the  body.  The  swollen  tongue  prevented  him  speak- 
ing, and  soon  his  breathing  from  the  same  cause  became  so  di^icult  that 
the  doctor  found  him  in  danger  of  suffocation  about  45  m,  after  the 
sting.  The  breathing  was  gasping  and  difficult  like  that  of  a  child  with 
croup.  The  whole  body  was  covered  with  wheals,  but  without  change 
of  colour,  indeed  the  wheals  were  whiter  than  the  rest  of  the  skm. 
The  upper  eyelids  hung  down  over  the  eyes  on  to  the  cheeks.  He  could 
not  put  out  his  tongue,  could  not  swallow  a  drop  nor  speak  a  word.  He 
was  bled  to  20  oz.  and  was  soon  relieved.  [Philadelphia  Public  Lidgtr^ 
22nd  June,  1852,  quoted  in  Ibid  ^  p.  243.) 

15. — a*  A  middle-aged  man  was  stung  behind  Lear.  Shortly  after 
a  sudden  dizziness  came  over  him,  and  his  head  became  so  full  that  he 
thought  he  was  going  to  have  a  fit.  These  symptoms  were  followed 
by  rigors  ;  when  he  felt  so  ill  and  weak  that  he  at  once  undressed  and 
went  to  bed,  not  without  considerable  assistance.  He  made  a  fruitless 
attempt  to  urinate,  and  thereupon  followed  the  state  of  skin  to  be 
described. 

^.  *'  I  found  him  in  bed,  very  anxious  and  alarmed  about  himself, 
♦  **  There  is  scarcely  a  rtmcdy  that  has  siich  marked  symptoms  of  glossitis  a*  Apis. 
In  Ofie  case  of  poisoning  the  inHammatory  swelling  was  not  tlic  result  of  a  sting  on 
the  organ,  or  of  the  introduction  of  the  poison  into  the  stomach,  so  thai  the  inflim- 
mation  might  be  accounted  for  by  local  action ;  but  it  occurred  after  a  sting  in  the 
temple,  showing  that  the  virus  had  a  speciHc  elTcct  on  the  tongue.**  (BXhh,  B^€^  of 
Tkrr.,  tr.  by  Hempel,  i,  313.) 


APIS, 


321 


although  at  times  he  was  in  a  half  unconscious  state»  and  slightly  deli- 
rious.  He  was  swollen  all  over,  but  more  especially  about  face  and 
neck,  abdomen,  and  limbs.  The  entire  skin  was  covered  with  a  red 
rash,  very  much  resembling  scarlatina,  only,  if  anything,  of  a  less  bright 
colour  and  somewhat  rougher  to  the  feci  than  the  common  type  of  that 
exanthem  (the  smooth  scarlatina  of  Sydenham).  The  skin  was  hot  and 
dry,  the  breathing  oppressed,  and  the  pulse  quick,  but  somewhat  weak. 
He  complained  of  fulness  and  confusion  in  the  head ;  the  face  was 
flushed,  and  the  eyes  suffused/'  After  camphor  and  belladonna,  speedy 
improvement  ensued  ;  he  passed  an  unusually  large  amount  of  urine ; 
gentle  diaphoresis  followed  ;  and  the  swelling  subsided  as  rapidly  as  it 
had  arisen.  After  some  h.  sleep,  all  traces  of  the  indisposition  had 
vanished.     (Chepmell,  Hints  for  Study  of  Homctopathy^  p.  135,) 

15.  A  boy  of  10,  while  dressing  after  bathing  in  a  river,  was  stung 
on  r.  haSd  by  a  *'  yellow-jacket  ;' *  immediately  commenced  itching  and 
burning  all  over,  and  when  he  reached  home  *'  was  all  broke  out."  He 
was  found  covered  from  head  to  foot  with  elevated  circular  and  oblong 
patches^  which  soon  ran  together,  forming  an  entire  blotch  over  back, 
arms,  and  legs.  Eruption  on  its  first  appearance  was  white,  but  on 
rubbing  parts  would  become  pinkish.  It  was  accompanied  with  intense 
itching,  stinging,  and  burning,  causing  continual  scratching  and  rubbing. 
Patient  was  otherwise  quite  well,  and  pulse  was  but  slightly  quickened. 
Under    Ledum    5    eruption   soon  subsided.     (Hahn.  Monthlyy    Sept,, 

1875.)* 

16.  In  Oct.,  1875,3  child  was  stung  by  two  wasps  in  r.  supra- 
orbital  region.  The  stings  caused  no  inflammation,  and  soon  healed  ; 
but,  some  d*  later,  her  father  brought  me  the  little  girl,  who  had 
lachrymation,  with  a  little  redness  and  burning,  of  1.  eye.  Towards 
its  centre  the  cornea  presented  a  whitish  patch  extending  some  milli- 
metres :  the  sight  was  naturally  obscured.  Merc.  soL  was  prescribed, 
and  in  10  or  12  d.  a  cure  was  eifected  ;  but  some  d,  later  a  new 
opacity  appeared  in  L  eye,  which  departed  under  same  treatment. 
(Dr.  Casal,  BulL  dt  Sec,  Horn,  de  France^  xviii,  j  12.) 

17.  I  am  37  years  old,  nervous,  of  sanguine  tern  pe  ram  en  t,  and  have 
good  health*  My  voice  has  always  indicated  rather  weak  bronchial 
organs.  Never  had  a  cough,  however,  before  I  experienced  bee  poison- 
ing. I  began  bee  keeping  on  a  somewhat  extensive  scale  m  the  year 
1878,  and  it  has  been  my  sole  occupation  ever  since,  I  have  had  as  many 
as  550  colonies  in  the  apiaries  at  one  time.  Seven  years  ago  I  began 
to  notice  an  itching  sensation  in  the  ears.  This  would  come  on  at 
times  \  and  after  about  two  years  it  extended  to  the  glands  inside  the 
mouth,  and  near  the  root  of  the  tongue.  After  about  one  more  year 
the  sensation  began  to  be  very  severe  in  the  roof  of  the  mouth,  just 
around  and  in  front  of  the  palate.  It  was  at  this  time  that  I  iirst 
discovered  that  the  affection  had  a  connection  with  the  bees.  To 
sweep  the  floor  of  one  of  my  rooms  where  bees  had  fallen  and  been 
trodden  upon  was  sure  to  bring  on  this  sensation  at  once.     Next  I 

*  This  case  and  the  following  have  been  introduced  ro  show  the  identity  of  effect 
between  bec-stings  and  wasp^stings,  in  view  of  the  clinical  experience  in  favour  of 
Apis  in  inflamroation  of  the  cornea, — Eds. 

21 


312  APOCYNUM   ANDROS.EMIFOLIUM. 

found  that  to  open  a  hive  and  breathe  the  odour  of  the  bees  (especially 
if  not  thoroughly  subdued)  would  also  cause  the  trouble.  But  business 
must  be  attended  to,  and  I  persisted  in  working  among  the  bees 
and  bee-hives  till  the  itching  and  tingling  sensation  crept  down  the 
bronchial  tubes  all  around  about  the  lungs.  One  n.  after  a  day's 
work  among  the  bees  I  woke  up  about  midnight  with  the  asthma. 
I  was  not  sure  then  that  bee  poisoning  was  the  cause.  Finally^  I 
began  making  tests.  Leaving  the  whole  business  for  two  weeo  I 
was  almost  entirely  clear  of  all  except  the  first  symptoms  in  the 
ears,  which  only  troubled  me  occasionally.  The  first  breath  of  bee 
poison  I  inhaled  on  my  return  was  followed  by  all  the  former  sym- 
ptoms, seemingly  in  an  increased  degree,  and  in  lo  m*  my  throat 
turned  red,  and  clearly  showed  severe  irritation*  I  resolved  to  hire 
more  help,  add  to  the  business  of  honey  production  that  of  manu- 
facturing and  selling  bee-keepers*  supplies,  and  in  that  way  absent 
myself  from  contact  with  the  virus  to  a  greater  extent,  and  yet  keep 
busy.  I  have  done  so,  and  am  in  consequence  quite  free  from  the 
trouble  most  of  the  time*  But  if  I  at  any  time  come  in  contact  with 
the  poison  my  symptoms  seem  to  be  as  radical  as  ever,  ycs^  even  more 
so,  I  will  cite  one  instance.  All  apiarists  know  that  often  when  a 
maddened  threatening  bee  flits  around  one's  head  it  discharges  into  the 
air  its  poison.  It  is  recognised  by  the  nasal  organs  only.  Now,  I 
have  found  that  this  occurs  when  none  of  the  five  senses  of  the  healthy 
bee-master  recognises  it.  One  d.  last  autumn,  after  I  had  kept  from  all 
contact  with  the  poison  for  some  weeks,  and  had  no  troublesome 
symptoms,  I  stepped  into  my  yard,  when  an  ugly  bee  passed  within 
about  eight  inches  of  my  face,  discharging  poison  as  it  passed.  About 
one  half  hour  after  I  was  seized  with  perhaps  the  most  severe  paroxysm 
of  my  experience*  First  symptoms  were  an  almost  unbearable  itching^ 
tingling  sensation  of  the  roof  of  the  mouth,  and  so  on  down  the 
breathing  tubes  as  far  as  they  extend,  then  an  asthmatic  filling-up 
sensation*  For  more  than  8  h.  I  could  not  speak  aloud.  For  2  or  3 
d,  I  could  not  raise  my  voice  above  common  conversation.  All  passed 
off,  leaving  me  as  well  as  ever,  by  keeping  away  from  the  poison. 

In    correspondence  with  one    Italian  and  one    German    of  lar 
apicultural  experience  in  the  old  countries  I  learn  that  such  cases 
known  there,     {Jas.  Heddon,  Horn,  Physician^  April,  1882.) 


APOCYNUM  ANDROSiEMIFOLIUM. 

Apocynum  artdfommifolium,  L*     Spreading  dogbane.    Nat.  Ord.,  Apwynaee^, 

I.  P rowings, — I.  Dr.  J*  H«  Henry  and  two  ladies  proved  a  strong  tincture  ot 
fresh  root  simultaneously.  All  were  in  good  health.  "  We  first  took  50  drr,,  fast* 
ing,  in  m.  J  two  of  us  had  cramps  in  soles,  third  violent  heat  there  with  profuse 
general  sweat.  On  15th  each  took  100  drs, ;  all  felt  cramps  and  burning  in  soles«1 
most  \n  my  r.  foot^  with  great  pain  in  joint  of  1.  big  toe  and  heat  in  r.  leg  and  knee. 
One  lady  with  myself  complained  of  great  fiilncss  with  indescribable  pain  in  head. 
Next  m,  bowels  of  all  costive.  On  16th  150  drs ;  same  symptoms  as  on  15th, 
tingling  pains  in  my  toes,  trembling  of  body  of  two  provers,  most  delightful  taste  In 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM. 


3*3 


mouth  of  each,  everything  smells  like  honey  to  me,  ail  complain  of  pains  In  different 
parts  of  the  body,  much  pain  in  my  r,  knee  and  shoulder.  The  ladies  complain  of 
pain  in  all  teeth  of  L  lower  jaw.  On  17th  200  dr*,  i  I  aJone  felt  cramps  m  soles  | 
all  other  iymptom*  felt  as  on  i6th;  pain  and  stiffness  in  back  of  head  and  neck; 
dull  boring  pain  when  breathing,  seems  to  go  from  above  downwards.  On  tSth  150 
dns.  Bilious  painful  diarrhoea  in  mywlf  and  one  of  the  ladies.  On  19th  ^oo  drs. 
Heaviness  of  body  with  great  desire  to  sleeji ;  flying  pains  all  over  j  pain  in  head  and 
back  of  neck  *  swollen  sensation  with  violent  itching  of  face  and  body.  On  10th 
each  took  350  drops.  All  above  symptoms  felt;  proftise  flow  of  clear  urine;  pul- 
sating pain  in  back  of  head  and  between  r.  hand  and  elbow  ;  constipation  in  two ; 
diarrncra  in  the  third  with  much  pain  and  rumbling,  only  two  evacuations,  but  large, 
giving  much  relief.  On  21st  eacn  took  400  drops.  Much  pain  all  over  head  j  stilF- 
neu  of  neck ;  pain  on  turning  to  1.  side  ;  itching  and  burning  of  face ;  most  violent 
pain  in  all  joints;  great  itching  in  1.  nostriL  On  a3rd  500  drs.  Violent  pain  in  I. 
jwgoma ;  chilliness,  lassitude ;  beat  of  head  and  neck ;  cannot  sleep  at  n. ;  vivid 
dreams;  sleep  not  refreshing ;  shooting  pain  in  1.  groin.  On  a4th  550  drs.  Profuse 
menses,  lasting  Z  d.,  with  violent  pressing  pain;  other  symptoms  a*  before.  On  isth 
600  drs.  Some  flying  pains  in  stomach  ;  fulness  and  pain  in  r.  side ;  increase  of  all 
other  symptoms,  with  great  pain  in  all  1.  side  of  head  and  above  each  wrist.  On  a  6th 
650  drs.  Some  efforts  to  vomit ;  pain  increased  in  back  of  neck,  extending  to  front; 
wor^  also  above  wrists;  one  prover  had  four  bilious  evacuations,  another  two,  the 
third  was  constipated.  On  ijth  1800  drops.  All  sick,  with  vomiting,  purging, 
great  prostration  and  trembling  of  body.     {FAilaJ.  Journ,  o/Hom.f  lii,  3 6^0 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM. 

ApSiynum  cannahirmm,  h,     Indian*  hemp*     Nat  Ord.,  Apocynacetg, 

I.  Proving!, — i.  Dr.  Marcy  took,  for  6  d.,  5  drops  3  times  daily 
of  3rd  dil.  No  unusual  sensations  were  observed  until  5th  m,  ot 
proving,  when  on  walking  he  felt  a  sinking  at  stomach,  dryness  of 
mouth,  thirst,  nausea,  irresistible  disposition  to  sigh,  short  and  unsatis- 
factory respiration,  short  and  dry  cough,  scanty  expectoration  of  white 
mucus.  These  symptoms  continued  during  d.,  and  on  retiring  there 
was  in  addition  unusual  heat  of  skin,  general  restlessness,  and  desire 
to  sleep  without  ability  to  do  so.  During  entire  d.  urine  was  natural 
in  quantity  and  reaction*  The  n.  was  one  of  great  restlessness  and 
little  sleep.  Next  m,  unrefreshed,  and  with  symptoms  as  on  5th  d.; 
but  urine  was  diminished  in  quantity,  though  normal  to  all  tests* 
Symptoms  of  7th  d.  and  n.  were  a  continuation  of  those  of  6th.  On 
8th  d*  stomach  and  chest  symptoms  had  lessened  ;  urine  had  increased 
In  quantity  and  was  much  lighter  than  usual.  On  e.  of  8th  d.  he 
experienced  an  unusual  heaviness  of  head,  with  aching  pains  in  small 
of  back  and  limbs :  no  tenderness  of  renal  region  on  pressure^  but  slight 
soreness  there  on  bringing  muscles  into  action.  From  9th  to  Ijth  d* 
symptoms  gradually  declined,     (Hale,  New  RermdiiS^  2nd  ed,) 

ir  a.  Dn  Peters  took  half-wineglassful  doses  of  Hunt's  decoction 
of  A.  3  times  a  d,  for  a  week.  For  first  few  d.  no  perceptible  effect, 
save  increased  tendency  to  constipation,  and  decided  scantiness  of 
urine,  with  more  flatulence  than  usual  and  slight  uneasy  sensations  in 


*  hi,  American  Indian ;  not  to  be  confounded  with  Cannabis  Indica,  the  hemp 
of  Hindustan. 


3H 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM. 


I 


I 


I 


» 


L 


bowels*  About  4th  d.  decided  distension  of  upper  abdomen  began  to 
occur,  especially  after  (moderate)  meals ;  oppression  of  chest  was  some- 
times so  great  that  he  felt  he  had  hardly  breath  enough  to  smoke  a 
cigar,  or  to  speak  with  any  comfort.  Urine  diminished  to  ^rd  of  usual 
quantity,  flowing  sluggishly,  of  light  golden  sherrv  colour,  without 
sediment  ;  weather  was  cold,  and  his  kidneys  usually  acted  freely  and 
frequently.  Bowels  were  sluggish,  and  feces  scanty,  but  not  hard  : 
no  diarrhcea  occurred,  even  from  wineglassful  doses.  No  change  ia 
pulse.  Occasionally  sinking  at  epigastrium,  with  transient  sense  of 
general  debility.  Hard  aching  felt  several  times  in  both  knees,  as  if 
rheumatism  would  come  on.  He  would  wake  up  in  m.  with  nostrils 
and  throat  filled  with  thick  yellow  mucus,  as  if  in  second  stage  of 
catarrh  (of  which  he  had  no  other  symptoms).  Once  woke  early  with 
severe  irritation  of  L  eye,  as  if  several  sharp  grains  of  sand  were  in  h^ 
with  much  heat  and  redness  ;  after  lasting  several  h.,  symptoms  dis* 
appeared  as  suddenly  as  they  had  come  on.  Once  during  e,,and  twice 
in  different  n.,  sudden  and  violent  attacks  of  hard  and  frequent  coughing 
lasting  I — 2  h.,  then  ceasing  without  leaving  trace  of  cold  behind. 
On  d.  after  ceasing  use  of  drug,  loose,  but  not  very  copious,  bilious 
stools,  and  urine  as  abundant  as  in  health. 

h.  Later,  another  proving  was  made  with  i  or  2  wineglassful  doses, 
two  pint  bottles  being  taken  in  a  week*  Scanty  discharge  of  urine 
recurred,  but  none  of  the  other  symptoms.  "  It  is  right  to  add,'*  Dr. 
Pcters  says,  "  that  during  the  first  experiment  I  was  very  stout,  and  had 
recently  recovered  from  fever  and  ague,  which  may  account  for  the 
oppression  of  the  chest  and  flatulence  ;  I  am  also  often  subject  to 
protracted  attacks  of  constipation."  {North  Amer,  Joum.  of  Hom*y 
iv,  529.) 

3.  M.  L.  Knapp  made  infusion  of  powdered  root,  15  gr»  to 
cupful  of  warm  water,  and  took  2  tablespoon fuls  every  15  m.  In  J  h. 
sHght  nausea;  in  \  h.  efforts  to  vomit;  in  i\  h.  vomited  slightly; 
pulse  now  50,  felt  weak  and  sleepy,  and  went  to  bed.  After  sleeping 
about  I  h.  woke  with  extreme  sickness,  followed  by  two  spells  of  free 
vomiting  ;  pulse  between  attacks  45,  but  no  death-like  sense  of  prostra- 
tion. He  felt  stimulus  of  drug  passing  into  intestines  ;  had  a  gentle 
movement  next  m.  without  griping,  and  bowels  were  kept  "soluble" 
for  a  d.  or  two,  Prover  experienced  also  headache  and  bewilderment  i 
had  increased  secretion  of  mucus  and  saliva  in  mouth  and  fauces^ 
which  kept  him  constantly  spitting  j  his  urine  was  augmented. 
(Allen's  Emyctopadia^  i,  426.) 

4.  a,  Dr.W.  T.  Helmuth  took  355  of  tinct.  of  fresh  root.  Soon  feel- 
ing of  nausea,  commencing  at  throat  and  extending  to  stomach,  continu- 
ing nearly  i  h.,  without  inclination  to  vomit,  but  with  accumulation  of 
saliva  and  constant  hawking  of  thin  fluid,  after  which  throat  felt  dry. 
Fancy  became  exalted,  with  flow  of  good  spirits  and  satisfaction 
with  everyone ;  in  i  h.  this  gradually  died  away,  leaving  pain  in 
forehead,  particularly  above  superciliary  ridges,  heavy  and  drawing, 
with  throbbing  of  ant,  temporal  artery  ;  also  great  drowsiness,  with 
drooping  of  eyelids,  and  at  times  rumbling  with  darting  pain  in 
hypogastrium.     At  noon,  these  symptoms  having  almost  disappeared^ 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM, 


3^5 


took  5j,  with  same  effects,  but  to  increased  degree,  and  also  frequent 
and  copious  urination.  On  waking  next  m»  severe  bruised  sensation 
in  all  limbsj  especially  the  joints,  and  in  small  of  back,  almost  disabling 
from  motion  :  it  disappeared,  however,  after  walking.  Bladder  felt 
much  distended,  urine  hot  and  turbid,  depositing  thick  mucous  sedi- 
ment ;  after  micturition,  burning  in  urethra  for  |  h.  All  d.  throbbing 
headache  in  vertex  and  forehead  ;  vertigo  when  rising,  but  particularly 
when  yawning  or  stretching  ;  pain  at  times  in  h  eye  as  if  wearied,  witn 
drooping  of  lid  ;  discharge  of  thin  watery  fluid  from  nose.  Stool  4  or 
5  times  in  d.,  soft  and  copious,  with  general  feeling  of  relaxation. 
Urine  copious  throughout  d.,  with  same  sediment  as  before  mentioned, 
which  was  found  to  coagulate  by  heat.  Tonsils  and  fauces  for  a  d. 
or  two  seemed  coated  with  mucus,  which  had  dried  upon  them. 

b,  Dec,  istb,  10  p.m.,  took  f  dr.  Slept  as  usuaL  i6th. — i  h. 
after  breakfast  same  dose.  Two  h.  after  subsequent  meals  very  dis- 
tressing oppression  at  epigastrium,  also  sensation  as  of  working  in 
stomach,  lasting  about  2  h*  Repeated  dose  at  9  p.m.  ijth.^ — In  m. 
before  breakfast,  2  drops  in  water.  About  10  m,  later  same  distress 
at  epigastrium,  compelling  walking  about,  which  afforded  some  relief. 
Iicss  effect  produced  by  same  dose  in  e.,  taken  3  h.  after  a  meal. 
i8th, — Took  same  dose  after  breakfast :  less  epigastric  distress  to-day. 
At  9  p,m,  5  dr.  Soon  after  working  in  stomach,  with  empty  eructations 
giving  relief;  also  slight  pinching  pains  from  r.  to  1,  19th. — In  m* 
and  e.  5  dr.,  2  h.  after  meals.  Slight  epigastric  symptoms  as  before. 
20th. — Same  result  from  identical  m.  dose;  in  e.  took  10  dr.,  after 
which  rumblings  working  and  pinching  were  more  marked,  and  there 
was  sensation  as  of  a  ball  being  pressed  into  pylorus.  Symptoms 
gradually  disappeared  during  next  2  d.     [Ibid,^  x,  308.) 

5.  Dr.  Louis  Faust,  aet.  21  ;  normal  pulse  66  j  urine  30  oz.,  sp. 
gr.  1028^;  proved  infusion  of  tops  of  fresh  plant.  July  20th,  took  Jss 
with  no  effect.  2ist.^ — At  8.15  a.m.  ^j-  S^^"  after,  slight  and 
transient  nausea.  At  1  i.io  burning  pain  in  stomach,  with  uneasiness  ; 
and  shooting  pain  in  r.  ear  for  i  h.     Urine  for  24  h,  40  oz.,  1020°.     At 

4  p.m.  3^ss.     22nd. — Took  none.     Urine  36  oz.,  1022^.     23rd. — At 

5  p.m.  3U*  Soon  after  singing  partial  deafness  in  1.  ear  for  I  h,,  with 
occasional  sticking  there.  Urine  24  oz.,  1025°.  24th. — Restless  all 
past  n.  ;  temporal  headache  all  this  d.,  with  heaviness  and  pain  in  eyes, 
as  from  over- use,  which  there  has  not  been.  At  4*30  Jiiss.  Urine 
30  oz.,  1028^^  25th, — Same  heaviness  over  eyes.  Has  had  ravenous 
hunger  since  commencing  proving  \  gets  hungry  an  hour  before  meal- 
time :  bowels  tend  to  be  loose.  At  7  p.m.  ^"^iij.  26th. — While  at 
breakfast  taken  with  violent  pain  in  abdomen,  continuing  till  he  had 
a  passage  ;  stool  very  soft,  painless  ;  relief  after  it,  but  felt  weak  all 
m»  Face  pale,  with  cold  perspiration  ;  rumbling  in  abdomen.  Urine 
42  oz.,  1024*^.  No  med,  27th, — Very  restless  n.  Uneasy  feeling 
in  abdomen,  but  no  tendency  to  stool.  Urine  23  oz.,  1026"^.  28th, — 
Great  weakness  in  stomach  ;  still  bulimia  ;  stool  loose  in  m.,  but 
painless.  Urine  ^24  oz,,  1028*^.  Uneasiness  and  weakness  in  stomach 
increased  up  to  gnawing  on  30th  :  he  felt  as  if  constantly  threatened 
ufith  cholera  morbus.     These  feelings,  with  the  bulimia,  did  not  leave 


3i6 


APOCYNUM   CANNABINUM. 


him  till  Aug.  2nd  j  though  stools  (and  urine)  were  nornml.  On  this  d. 
cook  3 '^3^9  ^^^^  effect  only  of  slight  and  transient  nausea,  and  peculiar 
sensation  in  chest,  causing  him  to  sigh  constantly.     {Ihid.^  p.  309.) 

6.  a,  Mr.  Byron  E.  Mead,  stuoent,  act.  24  ;  pulse  full,  strong,  73  % 
proved  cold  infusion  of  fresh  root.  June  19th. — Took^  at  10  p.m., 
Jss,  without  result,  20th. — At  7*30  a,m.  3ji  before  breakfast  j  at 
8*30  5j  more.  About  i  h.  after  last  dose  felt  sick,  with  inclination 
to  vomit ;  also  frontal  headache,  pains  darting  from  temple  to  ttfmplc  ; 
at  times  vertigo,  as  if  he  would  tumble  over,  coming  quickly  and  passing 
away  as  suddenly  ^  dull,  unable  to  think  well  or  concentrate  thoughts. 
At  1 1  another  5j.     Symptoms  same,  but  more  nausea. 

b*  At  1,30  Jij  o*  hot  infusion  of  root*  At  2.20  taken  suddenly 
with  intense  tenesmus,  and  great  and  hurrying  desire  for  stool,  whicn 
was  large  and  light  yellow,  accompanied  oy  rumbling  in  bowels  and 
flatus;  after  it  considerable  nausea  and  frequent  desire  to  vomit.  At 
5  another  large  stool,  with  similar  symptoms  ;  also  frontal  headache, 
with  sharp  darting  pains  i  pain  in  r.  scapula  y  general  muscular  weak- 
ness i  feeling  of  lassitude.  At  6  3U-  After  taking  dose  went  to 
dinner,  and  whilst  there  came  sudden  desire  for  stool,  which  was 
exceedingly  large,  light  yellow,  foetid,  and  flatulent  as  before.  Same 
frontal  headache  ;  constant  flashes  of  heat ;  face  looks  flushed  and 
hot  5  some  embarrassment  in  breathing.  Hungry  all  the  time  ;  could 
cat  every  h.  in  d.  \  relishes  all  kinds  of  food,  and  seems  to  digest  them 
well.  Rheumatic  pains  in  joints  ;  increased  action  of  heart,  fluttering 
at  times  as  if  it  would  escape  from  chest.  21st. — Good  n.,  feeling 
wclL  At  10*30  a.m.  Jij.  An  h.  after  same  action  on  bowels,  with 
endless  flatus  \  vertigo,  without  headache  ;  pain  and  weight  over  eyes  j 
general  lassitude  of  mind  and  body  ;  burning  and  powerless  feeling  ac 
anus.  At  1.30  3ij.  Stool  as  usual  in  \  h.,  preceded  by  intense  pain 
in  bowels.  Urine  burns  in  passing  \  head  the  same ;  some  pain  in 
r.  scapula  and  muscles  of  r.  forearm.  Great  craving  for  dinner  at 
6.30,  hardly  satisified  by  full  meal ;  another  stool ;  soreness  and  bearing* 
down  in  rectum  *  22nd. — Good  n.,  but  felt  weak  and  sore  and 
was  unrcsted  next  m.  Similar  stools  (5  in  d.)  and  rectal  sensations. 
Pain  in  joints  nearly  all  d.  and  frontal  headache.  Till  25th  4  stools, 
loose  and  flatulent,  daily. 

c.  25th. — Took,  at  10.30  a.m.,  Jij  of  cold  infusion  of  tops.  In  i 
h.  nausea  and  desire  to  vomit  j  frontal  headache  and  vertigo.  After 
lunch  at  1.30  stool  with  usual  character  and  accompaniments;  same 
again  at  3,  very  urgent  and  profuse  ;  a  third,  small,  at  6.  Well 
next  m. 

His  bowels  continued  loose  for  2 — 3  weeks  after  proving,  2  or  3 
stools  daily ;  he  had  also  bearing-down  pain  in  rectum  and  weakness  of 
sphincters.  For  months  mere  smelling  at  drug  would  make  him  feel 
sick.     (/iiV.,  p.  310.) 

7,  Dr,  J.  Clark,  ast.  34,  proved  tinct.  of  fresh  plant.  Took  jj 
doses  3  times  on  August  23rd,  and  every  2  h.  from  8  a.m.  on  24th* 

♦  Urine  on  x&th  and  iist  was  rather  above  the  normal  in  quantity  and  sp  ,gr., 
but  showed  a  marked  reduction  in  urea  (about  178  gr.  as  compared  with  %^2  on 
average  of  previous  week). 


4 


4 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM, 


327 


On  latter  m.  vertigo  on  rising  from  stooping ;  in  c,  nausea  almost  to 
|Yomiting  and  slight  headache  j  grumbling  in  bowels,  followed  by 
ious  but  painless  diarrhcEa,  causing  weakness.  Next  m,  same 
vertigo  and  hiccup ;  abdomen  felt  as  though  he  had  drunk  large 
quantities  of  water.  Took  medicine  irregularly  this  d,,  feeling  tired 
and  poorly  throughout  and  sick  in  e.  Severe  pain  when  walking  in  1, 
lower  lumbar  region.  Three  stools  in  d.  26th. — Took  3  doses  from 
3  p*m.  onwards  :  much  nausea,  wanted  to  vomit  but  could  not,  27th* — 
few  more  doses  taken  up  to  noon.     Several  stools,  thin,  copious, 

emon  coloured,  mixed  with  mucus  ^  great  weakness  of  sphincter  ani, 
so  that  he  cannot  pass  wind  with  safely  ;  very  sick  all  d. ;  covered 
with  slight  perspiration  i  weak  and  exhausted,  28th. — In  m.  mouth 
dry,  tongue  sticking  to  root  of  mouth.  Some  nausea  and  vertigo  as 
before.  Fsces  again  escaping  when  a  little  wind  is  allowed  to  pass  i 
stools  still  quite  watery,  not  returning  to  natural  condition  for  2  d« 

aorc.  Several  times  when  urinating  hardly  knew  when  he  had 
inished.     (7A/V.,  p.  312,) 

8.  a.  Dr.  Alfred  Mahshall,  set.  25,  not  easily  influenced  by 
medicine,  proved  cold  infusion  of  root,  June  19th. — 5^^*^  9  ^^^  3J  ^^ 
II  p.m.  aotL— 3J  ^t  745  a.m.  Increased  appetite,  even  to  hunger; 
smarting  and  burning  in  urethra  when  urinating.  At  8.30  5j  niore. 
In  1  h.  transient  fulness  in  forehead  and  vertigo.  Stool  less  copious 
smd  easy  than  usual.  At  10.30,  5j  niore.  Dull  frontal  headache 
thence  throughout  d.  At  2  pricking,  tingling,  and  lameness  in  L 
scapular  region  for  short  time.  Through  d,  marked  feeling  of 
general  muscular  weakness*  At  5  small,  mushy  stool,  preceded  by 
much  flatus. 

B,  At  5,15  took  3ij  of  hot  infusion  of  fresh  root.  Dull  heavy 
pain  in  both  sides  of  face  and  nose,  passing  into  forehead  (worse  on  1.). 
At  7.15,  urgent  desire  for  stool ;  passage  very  soft,  not  fluid,  brown, 
not  offensive,  painless.  Great  muscular  weakness  all  c.  At  9  and 
10.45  repeated  dose.  Much  flatus;  and  at  11  small  and  difllcult 
diarrhoeic  passage.  At  6  p.m.  there  had  been  great  itching  of  back, 
sides,  and  limbs  ;  and  on  going  to  bed  he  found  his  body  covered  with 
large  papules  as  of  urticaria,  most  numerous  about  loins  and  waist. 
Sleep  very  dreamful.  Was  hurried  out  of  bed  at  5  a.m.  to  have  small, 
loose,  flatulent  passage  from  bowels,  repeated  every  20  m.  up  to  8. 
Increased  appetite;  eruption  still  present,  but  not  itching;  all  m,  dull 
heavy  sick  feeling  in  stomach  and  abdomen.  At  noon  small  watery 
stool  (hitherto  they  had  been  pappy)  with  much  flatus,  followed  by 
soreness  of  anus.  Same  at  2  p.m.  In  e,  feeling  of  great  weakness 
and  prostration,  especially  in  all  muscles ;  eruption  itching  again,  but 
less  than  before  ;  pulsating  in  r,  hypochondrium  for  some  m,,  recurring 
several  times ^     Slept  well,  and  on  22nd  stools  were  natural. 

c,  June  25th,  at  1 1  a.m.,  took  ^i]  of  cold  infusion  of  tops,  which 
caused  nausea  and  vomiting,  but  no  further  trouble, 

d.  Bowels  continued  to  act  (contrary  to  his  habit)  twice  daily  until 
first  week  in  August  -,  and  he  had  constant  weight  and  pressure  at  anus, 
so  that  after  sitting  15  or  20  m.  he  would  feel  as  if  rectum  protruded, 
ajid  would  be  obliged   to  get   up  and  walk  about.     He  had  then  a 


328 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM, 


severe  attack  of  inflamed  piles,  blind  and  protruding:  after  which  all 
symptoms  disappeared  and  he  regained  his  usual  health. 

r.  Urine  here  also  showed  diminished  urea^ — gr.  287  from  June  ao  to 
22  as  contrasted  with  gr,  403  on  average  of  pre\ious  6  d. 

g,  a*  Mr.  Edward  Chap  in,  student,  set.  29,  proved  tinct.  of 
root.  Aug.  13th,  on  retiring,  took  50  dr.  Considerable  nausea  when 
waking  during  n.  14th. — At  7.30  a.m,  60  dr.  In  20  m.  nausea.  After 
action  of  bowels  felt  as  though  everything  in  him  had  passed  out,  and 
whole  abdomen  was  empty:  also  sensation  as  if  something  were  pres- 
sing up  colon  and  through  tiver.  Nausea  increased,  and  he  felt  deathly 
sick,  and  had  flashes  of  heat  in  different  parts  of  body,  and  very  marked 
piercing  pains  in  r,  temple,  followed  by  vertigo.  At  2.30  took  75,  at 
4  took  90,  and  at  8.45  took  100  dr,,  with  nausea,  and  head  symptoms 
as  in  m.  15th, — Stool  on  rising,  accompanied  and  followed  as  before  : 
with  head  symptoms  ringing  in  r.  ear.  At  7.45  took  1 20  dr.  Head 
symptoms  continue  ;  and  at  8.45  another  stool,  profuse,  mushy,  yel- 
lowish i  sphincter  ani  feeling  relaxed.  Headache  now  more  general, 
dull  and  confused ;  whole  system  feels  much  prostrated.  At  5  p.m, 
200  dr.,  and  at  10  5iij  ;  some  nausea  before  going  to  sleep.  16th,— 
Awoke  before  5  with  severe  headache  ;  bowels  moved  about  7  a.m.^ 
a  very  copious  mushy  stool,  darkish  brown,  very  foetid  ;  after  it  sense 
of  **  goneness,*'  also  tenesmus,  hypogastric  aching,  and  dull  weight  in 
head.  At  7,45  took  jiv.  Severe  sticking  and  piercing  pain  in  r, 
temple,  followed  by  dull  feeling  in  whole  head  ;  great  prostration, 
aggravated  by  motion  ;  flashes  of  heat  in  various  parts  of  body  ;  pulse 
88.  At  II,  6,  and  8,  urgent  stools,  thin,  frothy,  expelled  with  much 
force,  and  followed  as  before^  When  micturating  could  hardly  tell 
urine  was  passing  ;  but  at  times  it  left  burning  and  tingling  in  urethra. 
17th, — In  m,  and  e.  very  large  loose  stool  with  usual  concomitants  ; 
sphincter  felt  paralysed,  and  anus  open  afterwards*  1 8th. — Two  more 
such  stools  in  m.,  leaving  inclination  as  if  more  would  come. 

During  days  of  taking  drug  (13th — i6th)  urine  was  slightly  increased 
in  quantity,  as  also  urea ;  but  sp.  gr.  was  a  little  lower  than  normal. 
On  2  d.  after  omission  everything  was  reversed.  Characters  and  con- 
comitants  of  stools  continued  till  they  became  quite  normal.  Appetite 
was  craving  and  palate  keen  throughout  proving.  For  2  or  3  n.  had 
profuse  perspirations  ;  and  while  under  influence  of  drug  had  more  or 
less  pain  in  back. 

h.  Made  second  proving  of  same,  taking  Jss  of  tinct.  on  Aug.  29th 
and  30th. — After  2nd  dose  (m.)  fairly  natural  stool,  but  with  usual 
concomitants  j  also  flashes  of  heat  followed  by  quite  profuse  perspira- 
tion, and  much  spitting  of  tenacious  saliva  and  mucus»  At  1.40  p.m. 
another  ^ss.  Aching  pain,  at  times  sharp  and  sticking,  in  sacrum, 
occasionally  in  hip,  knee,  and  ankle  ;  darting  pains  in  diff^erent  parts 
of  bowels ;  pain  in  r.  temple,  followed  by  confused  and  dull  aching  in 
head  ;  vertigo  at  times,  aggravated  by  ascending.  At  5.15  same  dose. 
Again  perspiration  and  vertigo,  also  attacks  of  deathly  nausea.  After 
micturition  dull  pain  about  sphincter  vesicae,  as  if  it  tried  to  close,  but 
could  not,  31st, — Restless  during  n,  ;  quite  severe  headache  on 
waking.     At  7.50  a,m,  another  Jss,     Very  large  thin  stool  at  9,  with 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM. 


3^9 


usual  concomitants  :  pain  again  in  knees,  especially  L  At  6  another 
3ss :  some  nausea,  head  symptoms  as  before,  with  spells  of  marked 
vertigo.  Stool  next  m,  as  before  ;  return  of  vesical  weakness^  Pains 
in  joints  at  times  quite  severe,  also  at  inferior  angle  of  L  scapula. 
These  symptoms^ — greater  activity  of  bowels,  bearing-down  in  rectum^ 
relaxation  of  sphincter  ani,  r,  temporal  headache,  vertigo,  pain  in  knee- 
joints,  keen  appetite — continued  for  some  time  :  he  also  occasionally 
passed  blood  with  scoot  ;  and  had  quick,  sharp,  catching  pains  in  heart, 
with  palpitation. 

From  Aug.  30th  to  Sept,  ist  urine  was  below  normal  in  quantity 
and  amount  of  urea,  but  slightly  in  excess  in  sp.  gr, 

r.  Same  proved  hot  infusion  of  fresh  root.  Before  retiring,  Sept. 
28th,  3ss.  Soon  much  nausea,  but  no  vomiting.  29th, — Pulse  68, 
regular.  At  7  a.m.  ^%s*  Nausea  returned  ;  rumbling  and  weak  feel- 
ing in  lower  bowel ;  headache,  beginning  in  r.  temple,  soon  sharp  and 
stabbing,  followed  by  confusion  in  head  and  vertigo  ;  aching  extends 
to  meatus  auditodus.  Stool  as  usual.  At  10.30  Jss*  Feeling  of 
goneness  ;  severe  pain  in  head  ;  arms  feel  too  weak  to  be  moved  ; 
pains  in  joints  reappear,  Ac  2,  ^ss.  In  20  m,,  pulse  60,  described  by 
medical  friend  as  ^'  full,  slow,  irregular,  intermittent,  dicrotic  ;  at  times 
feeble  and  readily  compressed/*  Another,  listening  at  chest,  found 
"  heart  beating  regularly  for  a  short  time,  then  fluttering  occasionally 
and  very  feeble,  then  slow  and  laboured,  now  and  then  losing  a  beat  j  ** 
he  also  noticed  a  clicking  beat,  for  which  he  could  not  account.  During 
afternoon  and  e.,  slight  darting  pains  in  region  of  heart,  feeling  of 
weakness  there,  had  to  breathe  deeply  from  feeling  of  suffocation. 
After  this,  flashes  of  heat  followed  by  perspiration.  Stool,  as  usual. 
At  5.20  pulse  found  for  first  J  of  m.  18,  for  last  ^  32  ;  at  6  it  was  66, 
intermitting,  which  it  continued  to  do  that  d.  and  n.  Took  no  more 
of  drug;  slept  well;  on  rising,  pulse  60,  fuller  and  more  regular  j 
stool  mushy,  yellow,  flatulent ;  pain  and  weakness  of  heart  returned  ; 
sensation  as  if  it  beat  slowly,  then  fluttered,  then  went  on  regularly 
again  j  impulse  at  times  very  indistinct ;  sharp  pain  at  intervals  at 
inferior  angle  of  I.  scapula.  Head  symptoms  continue,  but  with  less 
vertigo.     More  or  less  aching  in  joints.      Whole  frame  very  weak. 

Writing  on  Jan.  30th,  prover  states  that  after  last  experiment  head 
and  heart  symptoms  disappeared  gradually  up  to  Oct.  15th.  Bowels 
continued  over-active  for  some  time,  but  were  then  normal,  save  that 
sphincter  still  felt  relaxed.  While  too  frequent  (3  times  a  d.)  he 
would  feel  bloated  in  abdomen,  with  slight  pain  here  and  there;  then 
urgent  desire  for  stool,  making  him  feel  that  it  might  escape  prematurely. 
This  always  occurred  immediately  after  eating.  The  usual  symptoms 
followed  the  stools  ;  also  considerable  itching  at  anus.  Appetite  never 
better.  Joint  and  scapular  pains  also  continued  long  ;  and  little  boils 
appeared  on  face  and  thighs. 

During  days  of  last  proving,  urine  was  normal  in  quantity,  slightly  in 
excess  in  sp.  gr.,  and  considerably  so  in  urea  (454  gr.  as  compared  with 
369  m  health). 

Apomorphinum.     See  Opium. 


33» 


ARACHNIDjE. 


ARACHNIDifE. 

(Under  this  heading  are  included  the  pathogenetic  effects  of  spider*  themselves 
their  web,  and  their  venom,  so  far  as  their  employment  in  medicine  renders  such 
information  pertinent  to  the  present  work). 

Arajl6aruin  Tela, — Cobweb — that  of  the  black  spider  found  in 
barns,  cellars,  and  dark  places,  being  the  one  employed. 

I.  Proving^, — I .  "  The  accounts  of  the  action  of  cobweb  being 
incorrect  and  various,  I  determined  to  ascertain  (if  possible)  its  correct 
operation  by  giving  it  to  healthy  persons.  I  found  from  these  experi- 
ments that  the  operation  of  the  web  appeared  to  be  principally  on  the 
arterial  system  j  and  perhaps  in  less  time  than  any  article  previously 
known,  the  force  and  frequency  of  the  pulse  being  uniformly  reduced 
in  some  cases  lo,  in  others  15  strokes  in  a  m.,  and  in  one  case  the 
pulse,  from  being  strong  and  full,  became  soft,  small,  and  very 
compressible  ;  all  which  operations  took  place  within  the  space  of  2  h., 
after  which  time  the  pulse  gradually  regained  its  former  force  and 
frequency.  This  has  been  the  only  invariable  effect  I  could  observe,  all 
others  appearing  but  anomalous/'  {Brmghion^  quoted  by  Dr.  S<  A, 
Jones,  Jnur.  Ohserver^  Jan.  1876.) 

2*  Dr.  Webster  gave  20  gr.  to  an  old  and  infinn  asthmatiCii 
*'  Slight  but  pleasant  delirium  was  produced,  and  from  the  report 
persons  who  slept  in  the  same  room  with  him  the  effect,  though  or 
longer  duration,  was  very  similar  to  that  of  a  dose  of  nitrous  oxide 
gas ;  the  muscular  energy  having  been  exceedingly  increased,  the 
patient  could  not  be  conhned  to  bed,  but  danced  and  jumped  about 
the  room  all  n.     In  the  m.  I  found  him  quietly  asleep/'     {Ibid.) 

3,  Eberle  says  : — "  I  have  taken  it  very  often,  and  have  unif 
found  it  produce  a  calm  and  delightful  state  of  feeling,  succeeded  by  ; 
disposition  to  sleep/'     Dr.   Oliver  also  found   it  to  produce  in  hit 
**  the  most  delicious  tranquillity,  resembling  the  operation  of  opium^ 
and  followed  by  no  bad  effects/^     {Ibid,) 

Ar&nea  diadeniSlf  cpeira  diadema,  cross  spider, 

L  Provings. — i.  F,,  medical  student,  took  of  a  tinct,  made  with 
one  spider  to  100  drops  of  alcohol,  for  several  days,  in  m,  fasting,  from 
12  to  33  drops.  Soon  after  taking  the  dose,  drawing  in  head  down 
to  lower  jaw.  Constant  headache*  Headache,  with  burning  in  eyes 
and  heat  in  face.  When  walking  headache  is  less  than  when  sitting, 
tobacco  smoking  relieves  it  greatly.  After  j  h,  bitter  taste  relieved  by 
smoking.  After  i  h*  sickly  bitter  taste  in  mouth,  with  furred  tongue* 
After  2  h.  headache,  especially  in  forehead,  went  off  on  smoking.  Heat 
in  forehead  and  eyes  ;  a  disagreeable,  trembling,  flickering  feeling 
them  when  reading  or  writing,  which  also  makes  headache  worse.' 
After  4.  h.  heat  in  &ce,  especially  eyes.  For  the  following  symptoms 
no  time  is  given  :  Confusion  of  head  with  prostration.  The  headache 
is  relieved  by  smoking,  and  goes  off  completely  when  smoking  in  open 
air.     Headache  lasts  till  e.,  but  becomes  milder  after  a  few  h.  and 


ARACHNIDiE. 


33' 


ceases  in  open  air.  Headache  and  confusion  of  head,  both  relieved 
by  smoking,  but  they  return  and  last  all  d.  Shooting  in  palate  and 
larynx,  for  2  h.  After  taking  milk,  a  disagreablc  taste  remains, 
Coryza  for  3  d.  Cory 2a  with  ihii^t.  Weary,  thirsty.  Weariness 
without  heaviness  of  legs,  prostration*     Thirst. 

2.  H.,  military  surgeon,  took  first  I,  then  a  few  d,  later  10,  drops 
of  same  at  bedtime*  ist  d. — Violent  obtuse  digging  bone  pains  in 
r*  heel  bone,  for  some  d.,  immediately  on  moving  the  foot  when  it  is 
resting,  going  off  on  continuing  to  move  it*  Restlessness  with  frequent 
waking,  always  with  feeling  as  if  hands  and  forearms  were  much 
swollen,  twice  the  normal  size.  The  feet  so  heavy  he  am  scarcely 
raise  them.  After  16  h,  painful  cold  feeling  in  r,  lower  incisors, especially 
when  air  rushes  into  mouth,  recurred  next  d*  at  same  h.  2nd  d,— 
In  afternoon,  pinching  pains  in  r.  ear  and  parotid  gland,  which  on 
leaving  r.  ear  went  to  1,  Quivering  in  muscles  of  L  upper  arm  for 
i  h.,  afternoon.  Feeling  of  heaviness  and  fulness  in  abdomen,  hke  a 
stone  lying  in  it,  with  qualmish  feeling  in  scrob,  cordis.  At  same  time 
pinching  in  abdomen,  heavy  feeling  in  thighs  so  that  they  can  scarcely 
be  moved,  with  confused  head.  Worse  next  d*  at  same  time,  5  p,m, 
3rd  d, — Thin  stool  with  griping,  relieved  by  rubbing  belly  with  hand. 
The  stool  passed  in  detachments  and  with  straining  ;  i  h.  later  fermen- 
tation in  bowels.  In  m,  in  bed  dull  digging  aching  in  n  upper  and 
fore-arm  bones  and  in  r.  tibia,  recurring  in  fits  during  d.  No  time 
mentioned  :  In  c.,  when  studying,  confusion  of  head,  and  pressive  pain 
as  if  in  bone  of  r.  temple  and  upper  part  of  forehead,  relieved  by  sup- 
porting head  in  hand,  but  recurring  when  hand  is  removed.  Sometimes 
obtuse  digging  bone  pains  in  limbs,     (Gross,  Jllg,  h,  Xeit.^  i,  122.) 

II L  Experiments  on  animals* — 1,  *'The  poison  of  this  spider  resides 

in  every  part  of  the  body.     Plunge  a  lancet  into  it,  no  matter  where, 

and  prick  a  sparrow  under  the  wing ;  it  will  soon  die  in  convulsions/' 

(Laville  de  la  Plaigne,  quoted  in  VArt  Medical^  January,  1867.) 

Aranea  SCinencia(?)- — I.  Pravings.—i,  The  following  proving 

was  made  with  the  first  and  second  dilutions  of  a  tincture  made  from  the 

Aranea  acinencia*  by  putting  the  spider,  while  alive,  into  strong  alcohol. 

R.  S.,  a  young  man  of  nervous  temperament,  act.  21.     ist  d.,  took 

a  drops  at  3  p.m.  without  effect.     At  3.30  3  drops  \  in   20  m.  dull, 

heavy  patn  in  postero-superior  part  of  head.     This  having  lasted  i  h,, 

took  4  drops  ;  pain  immediately  increased,  extending  all  over  head,  dull, 

sluggish  pain,  but  quite  intense  ;  slight  nausea  ;  eyes  felt  heavy,  with  a 

blur  over  them  ;  felt  as  if  he  had  been  broken  of  his  rest,  but  not  sleepy. 

Pain  continued,  gradually  increasing  till  2  a.m.  ;  could  not  rest ;  a  strong 

dose  of  bellad.  then  relieved.     In  m.  slight  pain  still  in  head  ;  could  not 

K  collect  his  thoughts.     At   11    a.m.   pain  left  him.     At  3  p.m.  took  4 

P  drops.     In  15  m.  slight  pains  in  head.     In  30  m.  most  strange  feeling 

in  stomach,  as  if  he  had  not  eaten  for  a  long  time;  this  continued  about 

1  h.     Pain  in  head  persisted  till   e*,  when  it  passed  off.     Rested  well 

that  n.     On  3rd  d.,  at  n.,  1  drop.     Soon  began  to  feel  slight  headache, 

•  The  writer  &ays  he  is  not  sure  he  has  the  right  name  tor  this  spider.  It  is  **  a 
grey  one  found  in  Kentucky  in  the  summer  on  wails  and  old  places ;  does  not  «pin  a 
web ;  is  very  quick  in  its  movements,  and  takes  its  prey  by  a  spring.** — Eds, 


33« 


ARACHNIDiE. 


At  3  took  5  drops  more.  Pain  in  head  severe,  affecting  eyes ;  felt  as 
if  he  had  been  drinking  ;  increased  secretion  of  urine  so  that  he  had  to 
get  up  twice  in  n., — urine  cloudy-  Very  restless  during  n,  ;  could 
sleep  but  a  few  minutes  at  a  time,  and  that  not  soundly,  4th  d.,  m*, 
a  good  deal  of  headache,  foul  stomach,  bowels  costive  and  very 
unpleasant  dull  rumbling  pains  in  them.     Dull  heavy  pain  in  head  all 

d,  ;  eyes  run  a  good  deal,  feel  weak  and  inflamed  ;  there  seems  to  be  a 
blur  constantly  collecting  over  the  eyes  j  constant  twitching  of  lower 
lids.  5th  d.  As  yesterday,  but  worse  ;  head  more  oppressed,  with 
vertigo  when  stooping ;  eyelids  swollen,  twitching  worse.  6th  d. 
Bowels  still  costive  i  stomach  much  deranged  j  sleep  on  sitting  down  ; 
head  dull,  with  heavy  painful  fulness  ;  still  twitching  of  lids.  From 
this  time  symptoms  gradually  abated,  (Dr.  Rowley,  in  N,  Am,  y&um* 
cf  Hmt.y  vii,  65.) 

2,  £.  P.,  set.  25,  stout,  dark  hair  and  eyes.  On  ist  d.  took  2  drops 
on  going  to  bed.  In  2  h.  felt  fatigued  physically  and  mentally,  as 
though  he  had  laboured  hard  (had  felt  uncommonly  well  in  m.)  i  dulL 
stupid  feeling  in  head,  with  fulness  and  aching,  followed  by  vertigo<2 
with  nausea  which  soon  passed  away,  but  was  followed  by  sour  eructa^ 
tionsand  slight  pain  in  stomach,  succeeded  by  sensation  as  if  bowels 
would  be  relaxed*  Symptoms  relieved  in  open  air,  and  aggravated 
when  in  a  warm  room.  After  dinner  dull  pain  in  head,  rather 
increased  till  after  supper,  when  it  was  relieved.  Took  2  drops  on 
going  to  bed ;  sleep  again  uncommonly  sound  j  slight  palpitation  on 
waking,  soon  passing  off,  after  which  felt  particularly  well,  and  had 
good  appetite  for  breakfast.  At  11,  2  drops.  Dryness  and  prickling  in 
throat,  with  sweet  taste  in  mouth  j  rather  profuse  flow  of  saliva  ; 
glimmering  before  eyes  i  colic,  increased  by  bending  forward.     [Ihid.) 

II.  Poisonings,  [For  want  of  a  better  place,  we  insert  here  accounts 
of  spider  bites  occurring  in  non-tropical  countries, — Eds.]  M 

1.  On  Aug.  7th,  Mr.  Q.,  while  in  privy  about  noon,  was  stung  oifl 
glans  penis  by  a  spider.     Pain  was  not  great  at  moment,  but  continued  tcl 
increase  till,  i  h*  after  accident,  it  had  become  extreme.     Nothing  wad 
visible  at  seat  of  sting.     In  a  few  m.  vomiting  set  in,  and  he  complained 
of  deep-seated  pain  in  abdomen,  extending  up  into  chest,  and  of  sensa- 
tions of  choking    and  suffocation.     Vessels    of  neck    and   face  were 
greatly  distended,  and  of  dark  hue.     Venesection   and  other  remedies 
were  employed  y  but  pains  and  spasms  along  spine  and  extremities  came 
on,  and  the  agony  and  anxiety  increased.     Under  ammonia  and  lauda- 
num attacks  gradually  became  less  frequent  »  but  pains  continued  tiUj 

e,  of  next  d.,  when  opening  veins  in  feet  relieved  them.     He  then  soon 
recovered. 

'*  I  saw  several  spiders  in  the  place  where  Mr,   Q.  received  the 
sting.     They  were  of  large  size,  of  a  dark  brown  colour,  covered  with 
hairs  over  the  legs  and  body."     (Dr.  Hulse,  jtm,  Jnurn.  of  Mid^  ^^'wm 
xxiv,  69,)  m 

2,  A  woman  was  bitten  on  tongue  by  a  black  spider  (Saltacus 
familiaris)  ;  instantly  a  painful  sensation^  like  an  electric  shock,  as 
though  arising  from  several  points,  darted  along  tongue,  involvmg  also 
jaws  and  head.     The  tongue  seemed  almost  paralysed,  the  utterance 


ARACHNIDvE. 


333 


thick  and  heavy,  and  the  pains  at  root  of  tongue  and  in  lower  jaws, 
especially  at  articulation  with  temporal  bones,  were  most  excruciating. 
(Quoted  from  GncinnutS  Lanat^  xix,  900,  in  Allen's  Encydopizdia^  x, 

3^) 

Mygale. — I.  Prtming, — i.  Dr.  T.  G.  Houard  gave  a  young  lady, 
on  1st  dT  10  drops,  on  2nd  and  3rd  d,  20  drops,  of  a  tincture  prepared 
rom  the  **  MygaJe  lasiodora  "  of  Cuba.  On  1st  d.  no  symptoms.  On 
ind  d*,  20  m.  after  dose,  nausea,  with  strong  palpitation  of  heart,  dim- 
ness of  sight,  and  general  weakness  ;  at  dinner-time  utter  aversion  to 
food,  could  take  nothing  till  teatime,  when  after  a  cup  ofteaanda 
piece  of  bread  she  felt  better.  On  3rd  d.,  nausea  and  palpitation 
returned  with  greater  force  \  felt  sad  all  d* ;  tongue  dry  and  parched  ; 
pain  in  back,  extending  round  to  front  j  general  prostration  ;  in  e.j 
tremulousness  over  whole  body  ;  restless  all  n,,  with  ridiculous  dreams. 

^On  4th  d*  increased  discharge  of  urine,  with  scalding  on  passing,  and 
stinging  in  urethra.  The  symptoms  lasted  3  d.  with  more  or  less 
intensity,  and  gradually  passed  off.  {Hahn,  Monthly^  v,  8.) 
11,  Polssnings, — i,  a, — I  was  called,  May  5th,  1864,  to  visit  a 
gentleman  who  had  been  bitten  by  a  spider  (Mygale  avicularia)  on 
instep  of  r.  foot.  I  saw  him  about  30  m.  after  he  had  been  bitten. 
The  local  inflammation  was  very  extensive^  leaving  a  large  violet  spot, 
which  changed  in  a  few  h,  to  a  greenish  colour.  When  I  saw  him  he 
llad  a  violent  chill  which  lasted  i  h.  ;  then  high  fever  set  in,  with 
trembling  of  whole  body,  pulse  130.  Violent  pulsating  pain  in  foot, 
which  extends  up  limb  as  far  as  groin.  Respiration  difficult,  anxious 
expression  of  countenance,  fear  of  death.  At  5  p.m.  delirium  set  in  ;  he 
spoke  of  his  business  and  became  very  restless.  Aconite  and  guaco 
were  given  every  h,  alternately.  Next  m,  much  improvement ;  no 
J  fever  J  pulse  85.     On  7th  improving  rapidly,  complains  only  of  sore- 

^m      ness  in  groin.     Inflammation  of  foot  about  the  same,  but  pain  much 
^B      mitigated.     Resolution  soon  occurred. 

^m  h.  I  was  informed  by  a  gentleman  to-day  that  he  had  seen  a  child 

1^      six  years  old,  who  had  been  bitten  by  the  same  kind  of  spider,  and  that 
^  he  experienced  about  the  same  symptoms  as  my  patient.     The  case  ter- 

H      minated  fatally  on  the  3rd  d.  by  convulsions.     (Dr.  I.  £*  Houa&d,  of 
^H     Cuba,  in  Amer,  Horn.  Rru.^  v,  81.) 

^B  2.  Azara  has  often  seen  negroes  bitten  by  the  large  mygales  of 

^"      tropical  America  j  there  results  in  24  h.  fever,  and  ^sometimes  a  little 
delirium,  but  no  other  grievous  accident.    (Ozanam,  Etudi  sur  le  venin 
H      dis  Arachnides^  Paris,  1856,  p.  16.) 

H  Tarantula. — I.  Pnrvingt. — i.  Nunez.   [In  1864.  Dr,  Nunez,  of 

Madrid,  published  an  Estudio  Medico  del  Vinem  dt  la  Tarantula  segun  el 
Mitodo  di  Hahnemann^  which  was  translated  into  French  by  Dr.  Perry 
in  1 866.  It  contains  an  excellent  summary  of  all  that  has  been  written 
on  the  subject  of  tarenthm  and  tarentuU$m^  and  we  are  indebted  to  it 
for  several  of  the  references  we  have  utilised  below.  Dr.  Nunez  con- 
cludes by  a  schema  of  the  pathogenesis  of  the  spider,  in  which — with 
the  symptoms  of  its  bite — he  includes  a  number  said  to  be  obtained  by 
proving  it  upon  a  healthy  body.  For  this  purpose  the  Spanish  variety 
was  triturated,  entire  and  alive,  with  sugar  of  milk,  raided  to  the  4th 


ARACHNIDiE. 


I 

I 

I 
I 


(cent.)  by  the  same  process,  and  then  diluted.  The  6th  and  I2thl 
potencies  were  those  mainly  used  by  the  provers,  but  one  took  the  jrd.! 
Two  or  three  doses  were  taken  daily  until  symptoms  set  in,  when  the 
drug  was  suspended  ;  and  this  usually  occurred  after  the  first  day  of 
ingestion.  The  names  of  ten  physicians  are  mentioned  as  provcrs,  and 
seven  women  are  said  to  have  tested  the  drug  under  competent  super* 
intendencc. 

Had  Dr*  Nunez  given  us  the  opportunity  of  studying  these  obser^'a* 
tions,  we  might  have  presented  at  least  some  of  them  to  our  readers. 
But  he  has,  unfortunately,  not  only  arranged  them  in  the  usual  schema, 
but  has  omitted  to  affix  to  each  symptom  the  name  of  its  subject.  We 
find  evident  traces,  moreover,  of  the  introduction  of  "clinical  sym- 
ptoms** into  the  catalogue  (as  S,  ll,  125,  135,  &c.)  j  with  much  that 
is  seemingly  apocryphal  in  the  character  and  duration  (where  this  is 
mentioned)  of  the  pathogenetic  effects.  Under  these  circumstances  wc 
do  not  feel  justified  in  furnishing  our  readers  with  Dr*  Nunez'  sym- 
ptom-list as  a  trustworthy  series  of  the  pure  effects  of  the  tarentula 
poison.  If  his  executors  can  give  us  the  day-books  of  his  provers,  it 
will  be  another  matter ;  in  the  meantime  the  recorded  effects  of  the 
spider's  bite  must  be  taken  as  our  only  sure  data  for  the  clinical  use  of 
the  venom. — Eds,] 

IL  Poisomngs. — I.  ^.— The  bite  of  the  Italian  (Apulian)  tarentula 
excites  at  the  first  moment  a  pain  like  that  of  a  bee-sting.  The  neigh- 
bouring parts  rapidly  take  on  a  livid,  yellow,  or  black  hue  ;  the  pain 
becomes  very  acute,  but  sometimes  is  replaced  by  a  general  benumb- 
ing ;  the  injured  part  swells  more  or  less.  The  patient  is  soon  seized 
with  anguish,  sadness,  sinking,  great  difficulty  of  breathing,  and  pain  in 
the  region  of  the  heart. 

Each  variety  can  produce  special  effects. 

b.  The  grey  tarentula  causes  only  slight  local  pain,  with  pruritua^ 
sharp  pain  in  bowels,  and  diarrhoea. 

<••  The  spotted  t.  excites  a  more  acute  pain,  a  fiercer  itching,  with 
oppression  of  head,  headache,  and  shuddering  of  the  whole  body, 

rf.  The  t.  of  the  vineyards   gives  rise  to  the  gravest  accidents, — 
sharp  pains,  swelling,  shiverings  and  cold  sweats  over  the  whole  frame, 
aphonia,   efforts    to    vomit,   erections,    tympanites.      In    those    most 
seriously  affected  who  have  been  able  nevertheless  to  resist  the  primary 
disorder,  there  supervenes  at  the  end  of  some  days  a  state  of  melancholy, 
designated  by  the  name  of  ''  tarentism,**  which  can  only  be  dissipated 
by  dancing  and  music,  or  by  the  progress  of  age.     It  is  rare,  however^ 
for   those   bitten    ever   to   recover   completely :    their  moraU  remains 
always  more  or  less  affected,  they  seek  desert  places  and  cemeteries, 
and  love  to  stretch  themselves  in  coffins,  as  though  they  were  dead ; 
others  throw  themselves  down  wells  ;  young  giris  and  the  most  modesy 
women  experience  the  symptoms  of  complete  nymphomania  j  otheru 
roll  themselves  in  the  mire  like  pigs  and  seem  to  enjoy  such  a  condition  a 
others  like  to  be  rapped  on  the  back,  the  soles,  the  heels  ;  othen  find' 
most  relief  from  rapid  movement.     Some  seek  with  pleasure  for  certain 
colours,  especially  red,  green,  blue,  less  often  black ;  others  repulse 
these  with  horror,  or  pass  rapidly  from  one  sentiment  to  another  i  and 


ARACHNID.^, 


if  any  person  present  wears  garments  whose  colour  is  displeasing,  the 
patient  must  escape^  for  the  sight  augments  the  anguish  and  aggravates 
all  the  symptoms. 

r.  By  a  curious  periodicity,  these  morbid  phenomena  return  every 
year,  especially  the  three  months  of  summer,  or  more  particularly  at 
the  epoch  corresponding  to  that  of  the  bite.  The  recrudescence  of  the 
action  of  the  poison  makes  itself  felt  gradually  by  anorexia,  anxiety, 
headache,  bruised  feeling  in  the  limbs  j  the  patient  flies  to  music  ^and 
dancing,  which  often  calm  the  symptoms,  especially  when  the  patient's 
gyrations  determine  free  perspiration.  But  when  the  attack  begins 
suddenly  before  help  can  be  sought,  the  patient  falls  half-dead,  like  one 
struck  by  lightning  ;  the  extremities  and  face  become  livid  ;  a  sort  of 
suffocation  sets  in  i  and  the  symptoms  continue  until  the  limbs  become 
agitated,  and  the  whole  body  is  soon  hurried  into  a  sort  of  dance.  If 
the  choreic  movements  do  not  supervene  at  the  critical  time,  the 
patient  will  remain  all  the  year  subject  to  grave  symptoms  ;  the  skin 
takes  on  an  icteric  hue  ;  there  is  slowfever,  with  anorexia  ;  if,  however, 
the  agitation  and  sweating  occur  at  the  favourable  moment,  the  health 
continues  good. 

f,  Baglivi  justly  remarks  that  the  symptoms  produced  by  the  taren- 
tula  approximate  closely  to  those  of  chlorosis  with  hysteric  complica* 
tion,  so  much  so  that  it  is  sometimes  impossible  to  distinguish  the  two 
conditions*  General  debility,  pallor  of  face,  breathlessness,  praecordial 
anxiety,  palpitations,  depraved  taste,  involuntary  sadness, — these  are, 
in  fact,  common  to  both.  Martin  Schurig  also  cites  a  case  in  which 
chlorosis  supervened  on  the  bite  of  a  spider, 

g.  The  results  of  the  bite  of  the  Ligurian  tarentula  have  been 
studied  by  Drs.  Gazzo  [Annates  de  ther.  mid.  chtm.  et  tox,^  February, 
1845)  and  di  Renzi  [Gaz,  mid.^  '833,  p.  633).  The  principal 
phenomena  are  divided  into  two  stages.  In  the  algid  stage  we  have, — 
sharp  pain  at  wound,  radiating  to  neighbouring  parts ;  general  cold- 
ness, icy  sweats,  anxious  breathing,  cramps,  cardialgia  ;  general  con- 
tractions \  hoarse  voice  ;  heat  in  throat  ;  trismus,  or  twitchings  of  jaw, 
recurring  paroxysmally ;  nausea  and  bilious  vomitings  ;  flames  and 
sparks  before  eyes.  The  symptoms  go  on  increasing  for  about  3  d, ; 
then  comes  reaction,  lively  heat  all  over  j  febrile  pulse  ;  abundant  aJvine 
evacuations  ;  critical  miliary  eruption  or  general  pruritus,  Recovery 
ensues  from  loth  to  14th  d.     (Ozakam,  ^p.  cit,) 

2.  Dr.  DI  RENZiobservedtarentulism  extensively  in  the  kingdom  of 
Naples.  *'  Introduced,*'  he  writes,  **at  a  point  in  the  integument,  the 
virus  develops  there  a  circumscribed  inflammation  like  that  of  bee-stings, 
sometimes  considerable  swelling  extending  to  the  neighbouring  parts, 
with  sensation  of  acute  pain*  In  a  few  h*  there  is  sadness,  a  melan- 
cholic and  silent  humour  ;  the  patient  experiences  a  kind  of  anguish, 
constriction  at  the  chest,  vertigo,  general  trembling,  nausea,  vomiting  j 
the  pulse  becomes  frequent  and  irregular.  If  the  remedy  "  (music  and 
dancing)  "  is  not  used  in  time,  the  attack  lasts  some  days  with  inten- 
sity \  the  patient  falls  into  a  kind  of  hebetude  or  torpor  \  the  mere 
recollection  of  his  trouble  causes  him  very  violent  attacks  of  hypochon- 
driasis i  the  return  of  the  summer  heats  or  the  sight  of  another  sufierer 


^336 


LRACHNIDiE. 


I 


from  the  mdady  excites  a  frightful  rage.**     {Gazitu  MedicaU^  ^833, 
p.  633.) 

3.  C.  S.,  infant  of  3  months,  was  bitten  by  a  tarentula*  She 
appeared  at  first  uneasy,  then  exhibited  dyspnoea,  cried  and  complainetl, 
showed  signs  of  suffocation,  vomited,  and  was  agitated  by  convulsive 
movement.  Music  was  played  to  her,  and  movements  of  the  limbs 
set  up,  whence  resulted  profuse  sweat,  followed  by  sleep  and  complete 
recovery*     {Ibid,) 

4.  A  labourer  was  bitten  on  the  foot  during  sleep  by  a  tarentula  of 
the  most  venomous  kind.  Awaking,  he  felt  sharp  pain  at  the  affected 
spot,  without  being  able  to  account  for  it.  At  the  seat  of  the  bite 
there  rose  a  little  circular  swelling,  dark  red,  and  rather  bard  ;  there 
was  stupefaction,  oppression  of  breathing,  nervous  and  muscular  debility* 
These  symptoms  increased,  and  delirium  supervened.  Music,  and 
dancing  till  perspiration  set  in,  were  employed,  and  recovery  at  once 
took  place,     {Ihid,) 

5.  Iraneta  (1 785)  and  Cid  (1787)  have  published  works  on  tarentism 
as  observed  in  Spain,  and  have  demonstrated  the  effects  of  the  bite  of 
the  tarentula  of  that  country  (especially  in  La  Mancha)  to  be  identical 
with  those  of  the  Apulian  species.  Iraneta  relates  six  observations  ot 
his  own,  and  Cid  thirty  communicated  to  him  by  divers  physicians  in 
his  neighbourhood.     The  latter  thus  sums  up  the  phenomena : 

^*  The  subject  of  the  bite  of  this  insect  feels  a  sharp  pang  like  that 
of  a  bee-sting,  but  more  violent.  At  the  seat  of  the  bite  there  ordi- 
narily forms  an  areola,  red,  brown,  or  yellow  ;  sometimes  simply  a  small 
elevation  without  change  in  colour  of  skin  ^  sometimes  neither.  In  a 
short  time  the  bitten  place  becomes  numb,  or  the  scat  of  painful  itch- 
ing ;  but  the  most  frequent  symptom  is  a  numbness  which  spreads  rapidly 
over  the  body,  and  there  is  at  once  an  intense  coldness,  first  local,  and 
then  general.  Thereupon  comes  anxietas,  anguish,  extreme  restless*  J 
ness,  embarrassed  breathing,  oppression,  palpitation,  narrowing  of  pulse,! 
prostration,  cold  sweat,  coldness  of  extremities,  aphonia,  fain  tings, 
vomitings,  hyper-acute  pain  and  inflammation  in  the  belly,  ardor-urinse, 
priapism,  scalding  evacuations,  immobility,  venous  congestions  or  a 
sort  of  apoplexy,  resembling  catalepsy,  as  if  the  vital  spirits  were  hoi^tny 
with  turgescence  and  dark  coloration  of  face  and  extremities — in  shorty 
all  the  effects  of  a  virus  possessing  a  great  coagulating  power.  When 
the  patients  are  interrogated,  they  reply  that  they  know  not  what  is 
the  matter  with  them  j  they  carry  their  hand  to  their  face  as  if  to 
indicate  the  place  where  they  suffer  the  most ;  they  sigh,  groan,  and 
complain  as  if  they  were  about  to  die  i  in  some,  agitation,  pains  in  renal, 
hypogastric,  and  vesical  region  are  such  that  they  roll  on  the  ground  ; 
in  others  the  prostration  is  so  rapid  that  they  fall  suddenly  fainting,  and 
the  other  symptoms  do  not  become  developed  till  afterwards.**  [The 
rest  of  Cid's  description  is  parallel  with  that  of  Ozanam  (II,  1.  i)  from 
Baglivi. — Eds.]     {Nunez,  op,  at.) 

6t  A  vigorous  negro,  a:t,  18,  was  bitten  about   !0  a.m»  by  a  large j 
tarentula^  above  h  knee.     He  immediately  yelled  and  fell  down  ^  wasi 

^  The  tarentula  of  the  Southern  States  of  the  American  Union  is  a  recognt&td 
ipcckts.^ — Eds. 


ARACHNIDiE. 


337 


carried  to  house  in  agonies.  Complained  of  terrible  smarting  pain, 
cold  and  hot,  from  bite  to  small  of  back  and  thence  to  bite  again  ; 
this  alternating  pain  continued  until  n*  His  neck  felt  sore,  painful 
swallowing;  excessive  headache  all  over  ;  eyes  glaring,  red;  at  6  p.m. 
throat  began  to  swell  externally.  Under  lachesis  relief  was  obtained  ; 
the  boy  slept  all  n.  ;  next  d.  leg  was  a  little  stiff,  not  swollen.  (Hardek- 
STEIN,  Am,  Journ.  of  Horn,  Mat,  Med.^  iv,  io6.) 

7.  Francis  Mustel,  a  peasant,  was  about  the  beginning  of  July 
stung  in  1,  hand  by  a  tarentula,  as  he  was  gathering  ears  of  corn.  He 
went  home  with  his  companions  ;  but  on  the  way  he  fell  down  sud- 
denly, as  one  struck  with  apoplexy.  Then  came  on  difficulty  of 
breathing,  and  his  face,  hands,  and  feet  became  dark.  His  companions, 
knowing  the  cause  of  his  illness,  fetched  musicians  ;  and  when  the 
patient  heard  their  playing  he  began  to  revive,  to  sigh,  to  move  first 
his  feet,  then  his  hands,  and  then  the  whole  body  ;  at  last  getting  on 
his  feet,  he  took  to  dancing  violently,  with  sighs  so  laboured  that  the 
bystanders  were  almost  frightened  ;  at  times  he  rolled  himself  upon 
the  ground,  and  struck  it  vehemently  with  his  feet.  Two  h.  after  the 
music  began,  the  blackness  of  his  fiace  and  hands  went  off;  and  so, 
having  gone  through  the  dancing  in  the  usual  manner,  and  having 
sweated  freely,  he  regained  perfect  health.  Every  year^  about  the  time 
he  was  stung,  the  pain  in  the  part  affected  returns  with  all  the  sym- 
ptoms just  mentioned,  but  less  violent  ;  and  unless  the  imminent 
paroxysm  is  averted  (which  it  always  can  be)  by  music  and  dancing, 
he  is  seized  by  it  all  of  a  sudden,  so  that  about  the  expected  time  he  is 
often  found  by  his  friends  struck  down  in  the  fields  by  the  deadly 
disease,  when,  music  being  brought,  he  is  soon  cured.  (Baglivi,  Op^ 
omniay  1718,  p.  631*) 

8.  The  tarentula  cubensis  ( Arana  peluda,  hairy  spider)  belongs  to  the 
same  family,  genus,  and  species  as  the  tarentula  of  Spain,  Yet,  though 
apparently  alike,  these  spiders  differ  widely  in  their  pathogenetic  and 
therapeutic  effects.  The  t*  hispana  is  a  nervous  remedy,  acting  deeply 
and  powerfully  on  the  cerebro-spinal  system  ;  and  many  cases  of  chorea, 
hysteria,  &c.,  have  been  cured  by  this  precious  agent.  The  t.  cubcnsis, 
on  the  other  hand,  seems  to  be  a  toxaemic  remedy  acting  directly  on 
the  blood.  The  bite  itself  is  painless,  so  much  so  that  persons  bitten 
in  the  n.  are  not  sensible  of  it  until  the  next  d.,  when  they  discover  an 
inflamed  pimple  surrounded  by  a  scarlet  areola ;  from  the  pimple 
towards  some  other  part  of  the  body  a  red  erysipelatous  line  is  seen, 
marking  the  course  followed  by  the  spider  over  the  skin  after  biting— 
so  corrosive  is  the  nature  of  this  virus.  The  pimple  swells,  the 
inflamed  areola  spreads  wider  and  wider;  chills,  followed  by  intense 
burning  fever,  generally  supervene  on  2nd  or  3rd  d,,  accompanied  by 
great  thirst,  anxiety,  restlessness,  headache,  delirium,  copious  perspira- 
tion, and  retention  of  urine.  The  pimple  in  the  meantime  grows 
larger,  and  becomes  a  hard,  large,  and  exceedingly  painful  abscess, 
ending  by  mortification  of  the  integuments  over  it,  and  having  several 
small  openings  discharging  a  thick  sanious  matter  containing  pieces  of 
mortified  cellular  tissue,  fasciae,  and  tendons  ;  the  openings,  by  growing, 
run  into  each  other,  forming  large  cavities.     At  this  period,  the  fever 

2a 


338 


ARACHNIDiE. 


takes  the  intermittent  type,  with  evening  paroxysms,  accompanied  by 

diarrhoea  and  great  prostration.  I  have  known  two  cases  in  delicate 
children  where  the  bite  proved  fatal ;  but  the  majority  of  cases  recox-er 
after  a  period  of  from  3  to  6  weeks*  (Dr.  Navarro,  of  Cuba,  H^m, 
Times^  March,  1879.) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals, — ^i.  In  dissecting  a  rabbit  which  had 
died  from  the  bite  of  a  tarentula,  Baglivi  observed  that  the  cerebral 
veins  were  much  injected  and  the  substance  attacked  with  a  slight 
inflammation,  specked  here  and  there  with  livid  points.  At  the  same 
time  a  large  quantity  of  serum  was  effused  over  the  brain.  {Op.  cii*^ 
p.  626.) 

2.  Prof  Lancer f,  of  Naples,  in  order  to  test  the  truth  of  the 
stories  relating  to  tarentulism,  procured  some  large  and  furious  speci- 
mens and  first  experimented  on  fowls,  pigeons,  a  tortoise,  and  a  rabbit. 
Finding  that  no  special  symptoms  were  exhibited  by  these  lower 
animals  after  being  bitten  by  the  spider,  he  looked  around  for  some 
frieod  obliging  enough  to  undergo  the  trial ;  such  an  one  presented 
himself  in  the  person  of  Prof.  Gossi.  He  allowed  the  spider  to  bite  his 
L  hand,  but  nothing  resulted  except  some  pain  and  swelling.  The  old 
stories,  therefore,  are  clearly  mere  fiction.*     (Gaz,  Med.  ItaL^  1878.) 

Theridion*— [The  spider  proved  under  this  name  by  Hering  is  a 
native  of  Curasao,  called  by  von  Hasselt  "orange- spider,*'  and  *' well 
known  to  the  people  as  very  poisonous/'  Dr.  Ozanam  points  out  that 
the  theridions  are  ordinarily  innocuous,  and  Hering  admits  that  his 
"  theridion  curassavicum  **  is  very  similar  in  many  respects  to  the 
aranea  tredecim -guttata,  by  which  name  Fabric! us  has  designated  the 
latrodectus  malmignattus  of  Volterra  and  other  places.  It  is  probably^ 
therefore,  a  member  of  the  genus  "latrodcctus "  instead  of  the  genus 
"  theridion,*'  and  its  pathogenesis  may  be  studied  in  connexion  with 
the  records  of  the  bite  of  the  malmignatte. — Eds.] 

1.  Provings, — ^i.  Hering,  Jrchiv^xiv, — [This  pathogenesis  gives  no 
names  or  account  of  provers,  but  states  that  all  experiments  were  made 
by  taking  one  dose  of  30th,  It  is,  therefore,  in  the  absence  of  confir- 
mation, inadmissible  here. — Eds.] 

IL  Poisonings. — t.  M.  Cauro  has  studied  [These.  Paris,  1833,  No. 
288)  the  effects  of  the  bite  of  the  malmignatte  as  seen  in  Q>rsica- 
These  are  analogous  to  those  of  the  viper,  but  less  painful  and  less 
serious.  In  the  first  period  we  have  torpidity,  general  tremor,  nausea, 
vomiting,  cold  sweats,  fain  tings  or  convulsions,  delirium,  frequent 
irregular  pulse  ;  in  the  second  cardialgia,  praecordial  pains,  pains  in  all 
the  joints,  general  jaundice.  The  health  returns  slowly  5  the  articular 
pains  remain  sometimes  for  years, 

2.  In  J  789  the  malmignatte  (araignee  rousse)  of  Volterra  multi* 
plied  extremely,  and  manv  cases  of  its  bite  came  before  Dr,  Mar- 
mocchi,  who  gives  the  following  description  of  its  effects  :^ — **The 
bite  excites  instantly  violent  pains  in  the  extremities  and  loins,  pro- 
ducing in  the  legs  an  irregular  movement  called  scdUtyrhii  the  patients 

*  '*  It  h  a  fact  now  perfectly  demonstrated  that  the  taretitula  has  not  the  powtr 
of  causing  the  whale  ensemble  of  the  phenomtaa  attending  its  bites,  save  in  the  dog- 
days,"     (OzANAM,  op.  cit.f  pp*  50- I.J 


I 


ARALIA.  339 

cannot  keep  on  their  feet.  General  convulsions,  suppression  cf  urine, 
priapism,  swelling  and  pains  in  hypogastrium,  vomitings,  transient 
syncopes,  and  continued  involuntary  agitations  of  the  body, — these  are 
the  ordinary  symptoms  and  consequences  of  the  venom.  In  the  midst 
of  such  great  nervous  agitation,  the  pulse  is  scarcely  altered  ;  it  rather 
seems  contracted  ;  but  the  unhappy  victims  emit  howls,  and  experience 
extreme  dyspncea."     {jftt.  della  real,  acad,  di  Siena ^  viii,  218,  cited  by 

OZANAM.) 

Ill,  Experiments  on  animals, — i.  The  Volterra  spider  was  made 
to  bite  a  dog  on  the  lip  ;  it  became  agitated,  its  neck  swelled,  it 
remained  some  d,  without  eating,  languid,  and  with  feeble  extremities  ; 
it  survived,  but  constantly  licked  the  injured  part  with  its  tongue. 
Some  very  young  birds  were  then  bitten  ;  in  a  few  h.  they  became 
livid,  swelled  up  and  died.  Others  were  made  to  eat  the  insect,  cut 
up  into  small  pieces ;  they  vomited  suddenly  and  were  soon  dead. 
(OzANAM,  op.  cit.j  p.  37,) 


ARALIA. 
Aralia  rdcemosa,  L.    Spikenard.    Nat.  Ord.,  Araliacea. 

I.  Provings. — 1.  Dr.  S.  A.  Jones  took,  at  3  p.m.,  10  dr.  of  tinct.  in  Jij  of  water. 
On  retiring  at  midnight  was  seized  with  a  violent  fit  of  asthma ;  which,  as  he  is 
subject  thereto,  can  hardly  be  ascribed  to  the  drue.  He  says,  indeed,  that  "  the 
programme  was  different  **  fr<Jm  that  to  which  he  is  accustomed  ;  but  he  does  not 
specify  the  points  of  distinction.  Two  d.  later,  repeated  dose  at  1.30  p.m.  No 
sjrmptoms  that  n. ;  but  on  rising  next  m.  had  faintly-defined  nausea  in  throat  and 
stomach,  and  sensation  in  bowels  as  if  diarrhoea  would  set  in.  *<  At  3.15  p.m.  went 
to  closet,  expecting  from  my  feeling  a  loose  stool ;  evacuation  was  soft,  yellow,  in 
small  Quantity,  and  expelled  with  great  difficulty.  Mucous  membrane  of  rectum 
came  down  like  a  tumour  (have  had  haemorrhoids).  After  stool,  aching  pain  in 
rectum,  extending  upwards,  and  on  the  1.  side.  Feel  weak,  prostrated,  half  sick,  and 
filled  with  a  vague  nausea.**     (Hale,  Ne*w  RemeeUeSf  3rd  ed.,  p.  471.) 

a.  Dr.  Herring,  Aug.  ft9th,  took  iT\j  at  6  and  10  p.m.  No  symptoms.  30th. — 
At  8  a.m.,  3  and  5  pjn,  Tn.ij.  Had  a  slight  aperient  effect,  stool  preceded  by  belch. 
ing.  3i8t.— At  9  a.m.,  i  and  6  p.m.,  Tn.iv.  At  4  p.m.  some  griping  pains;  at  10 
some  discomfort  of  stomach  with  flatulency.  Sept.  ist. — At  9  a.m.,  TT\vj ;  at  10  p.m., 
n^^vij.  Slight  griping  pains  again,  and  some  mucous  discharge  from  rectum,  which 
continued  next  d.  In  n.  irritation  of  anus.  On  2nd,  at  9  a.m.,  Tn.vii.  Slight  nausea 
during  d.,  and  relaxation  of  bowels.  On  3rd  all  symptoms  had  disappeared.  At 
bedtime  took  12  drops.  Remained  awake  greater  part  of  n.,  but  pernaps  not  in 
consequence  of  having  taken  drug.  Headache,  but  not  severe ;  the  usual  gastric 
irritation,  as  indicated  by  flatulency,  also  an  aperient  effect  as  before.  Next  e.  a 
severe  cold  came  on,  without  apparent  cause ;  no  cough.  A  few  doses  of  Nat,  mur, 
I  removed  it  by  next  m.    {MS,  communication,) 

Arctium  Lappa.    See  Lappa  minor. 


3+0 

I : 


ARGENTUM. 


ARGENTUM. 


(Including  A^  «r/ftfi/i>ir«r-*trittjrated  silver-Icaij  A,mursatifum — silver  chloride; 
and  the  Kyposulphite  and  albumttmte  of  silver.) 

1,  Provings, — I.  Hahnemann,  Mat,  Med,  Pura^  vol,  iv  of 
origtnal,  vol*  i  of  translation.  Contains  224  symptoms  from  self  and  7 
others. 

2.  Dr,  W.  HuBER,  act.  38,  perfectly  well,  made  his  silver  prepara* 
tions  from  a  dust-like  powder  of  metallic  silver  triturated  with  sugar  of 
milk  for  three  decimal  stages  in  Hahnemannic  fashion,  then  dissolved 
up  to  the  6x  attenuation* 

a.  May  3rd,  at  8  a,m.  10  dr.  of  6th  dil.     At  5  p.m.  momentary 
tearing  pain  in  the  head  of  r.  humerus  when  at  rest.     At  8  p.m, 
painful  drawing  in  the  depression  close  behind  1.  ear-lobe  recurring  at 
short  intervals.     N.    very    restless,  sleep    full    of  very    vivid  anxious 
dreams  not  remembered,     M*  on  waking  in  bed  uncommon  weariness  of 
limbs,  especially  of  upper  arms  to  shoulders,  as  after  a  long  walk  ;  at 
same  time  slight  rigor  under  skin  of  upper  part  of  body,  and  feeling  of 
hunger  which  went  off  after  a  slight  attack  of  nausea.     After  rising 
great    weariness  of  lower   extremities,   most    felt  in    region    of  both 
trochanters,   felt  as   if  the  ligaments  and   muscles  had  given  way,  at 
same  time  painful  tension  in  muscles  about  trochanters  and  seat,  as  if 
dislocated,  worst  when  walking,  when  pressed  on   bruised  pain.     At 
8  a.m*  20  drops.     At  noon  recurrence  of  the  drawing  pain  in  hollow 
behind  1,  ear-lobe  and  increased  heat  of  external  concha,  and  itching  of 
lobe  inviting  scratching.     Afternoon,  frequent  fine  pricks,  and  itching, 
inviting  scratching  of  canthi  of  1,  eye  and  also  in  skin  of  I,  ear-lobe. 
E.,  stiffness  of  lower  extremities,  glutsei  and  hip  muscles  are  painful  as 
if  bruised  when   walking,  stooping,  adducting  thigh,  and   also  when 
lying  on  these  parts.     10  p.m.,  in  bed,  transient  drawing  from  r.  hock 
through  knee  to  outer  border  of  patella.     At  n.  frequent  waking  for  a 
short  time,     7  a.m.,  woke  hungry  with  feeling  of  great  weariness  in 
shoulders.     When  dressing  painful  stiffness  in  muscles  about  hip-joints. 
— 5th,  7  a*m.,  30  dr.     After  1  h,  dryness  of  tongue  and  hard  palate. 
10.30  a.m.,  in  1*  groin  transient  painful  tension,  in  course  of  1.  psoas 
muscle  when  walking  and  when  at  rest,  frequent  pricking  here  and 
there  in  skin  as  from  fleas.     After  dinner,  when  at  rest,  painful  drawing 
in  r.  side  of  thorax,  an  inch  and  a  half  below  axilla,  with  bruised  pain 
when   pressed.     Afterwards  short  painful  tearing  in  r.  shoulder-joioc 
and  then  in  r.  side  of  forehead,     3  p.m*,  when  at  rest,  transient  draw- 
ing tearing  in  lower  end  of  1.  upper  arm  near  elbow. — 6th,  8  a.m.,  4D 
dr.     When  touching  the  thorax,  found  on  last  1.  rib  a  swelling  the 
size  of  a  pigeon's  egg,  not  painful  except  when  touched,  which  proved 
to  be  a  furuncle,     After  6  d,,  during  which  it  caused  little  inconveni- 
ence, it  burst  and  when  squeezed  discharged  some  pus.     The  hardness 
remaining  under  the  skin  went  off  after  14  d.     At    10.30  a.m.  fre- 
quently a  cramp'like  drawing  in  lowest  muscular  part  of  r.  calf  when 
at  rest  and  when  moving,  lasting  a  few  seconds.     Afternoon  till  c., 
itching  among  convolutions  of  conchae  causing  scratching,  followed  by 
burning  sore  pain.— 7th.,  7  a.m,,  50  dr.     In   1   h.  hungry  feeling  in    , 


ARGENTUM. 


34t 


nomach  with  attacks  of  slight  nausea,  After  3  h,  short  painful  drawing 
in  1,  frontal  eminence.  The  2  next  d,  no  symptoms.  The  3rd  d.,  on 
waking  in  m.,  bruised  pain  in  sacrum  and  lumbar  region^  painful 
tension  on  both  sides  of  occipital  foramen,  especially  when  moving  -, 
sexual  desire  diminished,  stool  normal  but  required  more  straining 
towards  end  than  usual. 

h.  nth,  7  a.m.,  12  dr.^  5  dil,  it, 30  a.m.,  eroding  itching  in  skin 
of  forehead  exciting  scratching.  3  p.m.,  short  but  violent  pricking  as 
with  a  coarse  needle  in  inner  canthus  of  I,  eye.  N.  very  restless,  full 
of  dreams  of  disgusting  things,  but  mostly  unremembcred.  M,  on 
waking  great  weariness  of  upper  arms  and  stiffness  of  nape,  going  off 
after  rising.  1 2th,  8  a*m.,  2o  dr.  At  noon,  eroding  itching  on  r,  elbow. 
On  waking  m.  feeling  of  great  weariness  with  tensive  bruised  pain  in 
nape,  better  after  rising, — ^Jth,  m.,  30  dr.  Itching  in  inner  canthus 
and  on  elbow. — 14th,  m.,  40  dr.  7  p.m.,  short  painful  drawing  in 
ba]l  of  L  thumb,  alternating  with  similar  sensation  in  L  occiput,  when 
at  rest. — 15th,  m*,  60  dr.  After  i  h.  dryness  of  middle  of  tongue  and 
of  hard  palate,  flatulent  distension  and  full  feeling  in  upper  abdomen 
with  hunger,  and  drawing  tearing  (afterwards  regular  pulsating)  pains 
in  r.' shoulder-joint  when  at  rest,  accompanied  by  marked  paralytic 
weakness  of  this  joint.  Soon  after  this  had  gone,  transient  pain  deep  in 
r.  frontal  eminence,  which  took  an  oblique  direction  towards  r.  tem« 
poral  region  and  gave  place  when  at  rest  to  a  drawing  tensive  pain  in  r. 
inguinal  region  in  the  course  of  the  psoas  muscle.  At  noon  bruised 
and  dislocation  pain  on  r.  knee  when  moving,  followed  by  a  drawing  pain 
combined  with  paralytic  ^weakness  on  anterior  aspect  of  r.  upper  arm, 
when  at  rest,  with  inclination  to  stretch  out  arm,  lasting  a  few  minutes  » 
afterwards  a  short  itching,  provoking  scratching,  betwixt  scapula?.  On 
waking  m.  in  bed  cutting  as  with  a  fine  knife  on  1.  sideof  scrob.  cordis, 
in  the  cartilages  formed  by  the  union  of  the  ascending  false  costal 
cartilages,  lasting  a  short  time  but  recurring  several  times  and  after* 
wards  changing  to  a  similar  pain  on  the  same  place  on  r.  side,  but 
which  had  the  character  of  a  circumscribed  pressure,  A  few  m.  after- 
wards, transient  tearing  pain  deep  in  r.  frontal  eminence  towards  r. 
temple,  and  a  similar  pain  from  below  upwards  on  the  1.  inner  ankle, 
whea  at  rest.  Afterwards  bruised  pain  on  inner  side  of  knee,  followed 
by  itching  erosion  on  inside  of  1.  knee. — i6th,  7  a.m.,  70  dr.  After 
J  h,  dry  feeling  in  buccal  cavity  and  drawing  pains  in  muscles  of  r. 
upper  arm  near  elbow  with  paralysed  feeling  there,  followed  by  ravenoi 
almost  painful,  hungry  feeling  in  stomach,  recurring  in  fits.  At  noon^ 
painful  drawing  through  radial  joints  of  r.  elbow  lasting  10  to  15 
seconds,  followed  by  similar  pain  in  1.  hip  when  at  rest.  Afternoon,  a 
single  perpendicular  stitch  through  skin  and  cartilage  of  1.  upper  eyelid. 
8  p.m.,  when  walking  across  room  a  drawing  pain  in  1.  side  of  head  as 
if  in  brain-substance,  at  first  slight  but  gradually  becoming  more  severe 
and  tearing,  and  when  it  reached  its  climax  maddening  as  \f  a  nerve 
were  torn  in  two.  It  lasted  25  to  30  seconds  and  suddenly  ceased  when 
it  had  attained  its  greatest  intensity,  N.  very  disturbed  by  anxious 
dreams.  Next  m.  after  breakfast  a  horizontal  cutting  as  with  a  knife 
on  1.  side  in  costal  cartilages  near  scrob.  cordis,  when  at  rest,     N,  very 


m- 


ARGENTUM. 


restless  ;  made  anxious  by  a  bad  dream  in  which  he  was  furiously  pursued 
by  a  powerful  enemy.  Woke  early  and  very  tired.  The  weariness 
seemed  to  be  especially  in  hip-joints-  During  this  proving  urine  and 
stool  were  normal,  only  towards  end  of  each  had  to  strain,  which  caused 
dislocated  paift  in  back  of  pelvis,  especially  on  1.  side. 

c,  i9th/.6.30  a.m*5  20  dr.  4th  dil  After  A  h.  dry  feeling  in  buccal 
cavity,  bruised  pain  in  1.  inner  ankle,  painful  drawing  in  1.  temple,  fol- 
lowed by  tearing  pain  from  head  ofr*  humerus  extending  to  nape,  when 
at  restt  During  d,  often  a  painful  drawing  on  h  side  of  pelvis,  poste* 
riorly,outside,  when  at  rest;  frequent  painless  subsultus  about  r.  shoulder- 
joint,  sometimes  in  posterior  wall  of  axilla,  sometimes  in  front  of  clavicle 
towards  acromion.  4  p.m.,  a  transient  drawing  pain  thmugh  r.  inguinal 
ring  to  testicles,  when  at  rest,  and  a  pappy  stool,  though  bowels  had 
been  opened  normally  in  the  m.  N.,  in  sleep,  an  incomplete  seminal 
emission. — 20th,  8  a.m.,  30  dr»  After  ^  h.,  feeling  of  hunger  and 
quivering  subsultus  from  anterior  r.  clavicular  region  towards  shoulder- 
joint  (in  a  bundle  of  fibres  of  pectoralis  major)  when  at  rest.  During 
d.  3  pappy  stools.  Before  the  last  almost  diarrhoeic  stool  a  pinching 
and  straining  and  J  h.  afterwards  a  momentary  severe  stitch  from  before 
backwards  in  hypogastrium  ;  thereafter  a  feeling  in  anus  as  thoQgh  a 
live  thread-like  worm  were  hanging  out  of  it,  and  by  its  twistings 
caused  an  itching  but  without  desire  to  scratch.  N.  disturbed  by  dreams. 
— 2i8i,  7  a.m.,  40  dr.  After  dinner  (i  p.m.,  when  lying  quietly)  a 
drawing  pain  in  middle  joint  of  r.  index,  with  sudden  paralytic  weak- 
ness of  it,  lasting  30  seconds,  thereafter  strong  pulsation  in  carotids, 
especially  on  1.  side  of  neck,  and  perceptible  beating  in  whole  extent  of 
1.  cheek  as  though  the  muscles  were  lifted  up  from  m.m.  At  same 
time  feeling  as  if  I.  cheek  were  larger  and  a  slight  cooling  burning  in 
external  integuments  of  cheeks  with  redness  of  both  cheeks,  lasting 
6  to  8  m. ;  later  a  short  painful  drawing  in  r.  deltoid  muscle.  3  p.m., 
a  similar  beating  in  1,  anterior  nasal  cavity,  tension  of  outer  nasal 
integument  as  if  nasal  bones  were  pressed,  with  tickling  prickling  in  K 
nasal  cavity,  followed  by  several  violent  sneezes,  with  dislocated  pain 
in  1.  shoulder-joint  when  at  rest.  At  4  p.m.  drawing  pains  in  I.  deltoid 
muscle,  which  pained  as  if  bruised  when  pressed  with  finger,  when  at 
rest,  lasting  10  to  15  seconds*  At  8  p,m*,  when  walking  in  open  air, 
a  violent  itching  at  anus  (compelling  scratching)  and  along  coccyx  up 
in  the  furrow  between  nates,  lasting  5  m.  ;  afterwards  dislocauon  pain 
in  1.  outer  ankle  when  walking.  N.,  very  restless,  with  many  anxious 
or  frightful  dreams. — 22nd,  7  a.m.,  50  dr.  In  i  h.  great  dryness  of 
buccal  cavity,  pappy  stool.  8  a.m.,  throbbing  bruised  pain  at  anterior 
aspect  of  r*  knee  when  standing,  9  a.m.,  dislocation  pain  in  1,  hip 
caused  by  sneezing.  At  noon,  a  squeezing  pressing  pain  in  a  spot  size 
of  a  crown  in  r.  side  of  cheek  under  axilla,  when  at  rest,  pressure  on  it 
causes  bruised  pain,  i  h.  later,  rumbling  and  grumbling  in  belly  as  if 
a  fluid  were  poured  from  one  bowel  into  another  ;  at  same  time  sensa- 
tions in  rectum  as  though  a  live  worm  were  wriggling  through  the  anus 
and  touching  the  inner  surface  of  the  rectum  in  its  twistings,  lasting 
about  lo  m.,  and  recurring  after  dinner  when  sitting  and  standing.  At 
2   p.m.   drawing  tearing  pain   over  wrist-joint.      At  7  p.m.,  after  a 


ARGENTUM. 


J43 


moderate  walk^  when  at  rest^  drawing  tensive  pain  in  I.  lumbar  and 
iliac  regions  beneath  inguinal  ring  in  I.  thighj  followed  by  paralytic 
plains  in  almost  all  finger-joints  of  r.  hand,  lasting  lo  to  15  seconds. 
At  10  p.m.,  in  bed,  first  a  drawing  deep  in  r.  half  of  brain  beginning 
slightly  and  gradually  increasing  to  violent  tearing  spreading  at  once  to 
forehead  and  occiput.  After  a  few  seconds  painful  paralytic  drawing 
over  wrist-joint,  spreading  upwards  from  prominence  of  wrist  along 
tdnar  side  of  r.  forearm.  Besides  this  tympanitic  distension  of  whole 
f.  side  of  abdomen,  paining  as  if  bruised  when  strongly  pressed,  going 
off  slowly  on  discharging  flatus.  Some  m,  after  this  two  uncommonly 
severe  stitches  from  without  inwards  in  the  depression  behind  1.  ear- 
lobe.  Shortly  before  falling  asleep  observed  when  inspiring  quietly  two 
tones  (a  higher  ajid  a  lower  one)  as  from  the  mouth-piece  of  an  oboe, 
coming  from  low  down  in  throat.  N.  full  of  dreams  of  the  occurrences 
of  the  day.  M.,  woke  very  exhausted  and  prostrated. — ^23 rd,  7  a.m., 
60  dn  In  J  h.  dryness  of  tongue  and  buccal  cavity.  During  d,  a 
transient  stitch  in  urethra  from  behind  forwards  ;  frequent,  paralytic, 
painful  drawing  from  middle  of  flexor  side  in  the  radius  of  1.  fore- 
arm up  to  elbow,  with  gloomy  confusion  of  head,  when  at  rest,  and 
dislocation  pain  in  uppermost  muscles  of  r,  scapula  when  exerting  him- 
self with  outstretched  arms,  N.  full  of  dreams*  M,,  after  waking, 
extreme  powerlessness  of  limbs,  especially  of  upper  arm  round  about 
shoulder-joint,  with  slight  chilliness  over  skin  on  uncovering  the  upper 
part  of  body*  At  same  time  feeling  of  hunger  as  from  great  emptiness 
of  stomach. — 24th,  9  a.m.,  70  dr.  Forenoon,  several  times  slight 
drawing  .pains  in  1,  parotid  gland.  During  afternoon  siesta  much  saliva 
in  mouth  making  him  spit ;  thereafter  such  dryness  of  mouth  that  the 
tongue  cleaved  to  roof  of  mouth,  lasting  10  m.  N,  pretty  good.  M-, 
after  wakings  a  throbbing  shooting  synchronous  with  pulse  from  1. 
trochanter  along  the  neck  of  femur  to  acetabulum,  lasting  20  seconds. 
Each  throbbing  terminated  in  a  fine  stitch. — 25th,  no  med*  In  meta- 
carpal joint  of  ring  finger,  painful  drawing,  penetrating  pain,  as  if  in 
bone,  when  at  rest.  Afternoon,  after  a  longish  walk,  on  posterior  sur- 
face of  external  1,  part  of  pelvis  (at  insertion  of  glutaeus  maximus)  a 
dislocation  pain,  renewed  at  every  step,  not  felt  when  at  rest» — 26th, 
no  med.  During  afternoon  siesta,  collection  of  saliva  in  mouth  neces- 
sitating spitting,  E,,  very  painful  paralytic  drawing  in  r.  fibula, 
beginning  just  above  ankle,  and  lasting  8  to  10  seconds,  when  at  rest  ; 
followed  by  feeling  in  the  convolutions  of  1.  concha  as  though  a  many- 
footed  insect  crawled  about ;  but  no  itching.  N.  good.  M.,  on  waking 
in  bed,  on  K  side  near  scrob.  cordis,  on  costal  cartilages  of  false  ribs,  a 
cutting  as  with  a  fine  knife  diagonally  across  ;  the  part  pained  as  if 
bruised  on  pressing  on  it. 

d.  27lh,  7  a.m.j  3  gr.  of  3rd  trit.  11  a.m.,  great  weariness  with 
powerlessness,  especially  of  upper  arm,  with  desire  to  lie  down  and 
sleep.  On  giving  way  to  this  inclination  got  a  feeling  of  hunger  with 
nausea,  painless  contraction  of  gullet  and  inclination  to  swallow  saliva 
(lasting  some  m.).  On  going  to  sleep  was  prevented  doing  so  first  by 
an  electric  shock  in  r.  lower  extremity,  and  then  by  two  similar  shocks 
of  upper  part  of  body,  which  had  their  exploding  spot  close  to  occipital 


ARGENTUM. 


I 

I 
I 


foramen.  Thereafter  in  interior  of  throat  (the  larynx)  a  kfnd  of  curioutl 
throbbing,  cracking,  or  creaking,  something  like  a  metallic  reverbcratioit  • 
such  as  the  frozen  brooks  sometimes  give  forth  in  spring  on  breaking 
up  of  the  ice.  N.  good,  woke  at  4  a.m.,  and  fell  asleep  again  in  ^  h, 
— 28th,  7  a.m.,  7  gr.  At  10  a»m.  dulness  in  head  and  weakness  of 
thighs  when  walking  ;  at  same  time  freijuent  shooting  in  canthi  of  both 
eyes  and  eroding  itching  in  sulci  of  r,  concha,  making  him  scratch. 
II  a.m.,  some  flying  stitches  behind  abdominal  wall  between  n  hypo- 
chondrium  and  epigastrium,  followed  by  hunger  and  loud  rumbling  in 
bowels.  Afterwards  an  insufficient  hard  stool  with  pressing ;  an  acute 
pain  in  last  double  tooth  of  h  lower  maxilla  j  the  lower  row  of  teeth 
adhered  to  the  upper,  as  if  the  enamel  of  the  teeth  were  covered  with  a 
layer  of  adhesive  putty.  During  d.  pricks  here  and  there  in  skin  like 
electric  sparks.  6  p.m.,  when  walking  across  room,  repeated  short  para- 
lytic pain  going  through  the  marrow  of  the  r.  side  of  tibia.  When  sitting 
in  open  air  tensive  bruised  pain  on  both  sides  of  neck  down  the  course 
of  sterno-cleido-mastoideus,  only  felt  when  the  head  is  turned  to  oppo- 
site side  and  the  muscles  stretched,  N.,  a  seminal  emission  and  many 
anxious  and  disgusting  dreams.  Woke  at  3.30  a.m.  and  could  not  get 
to  sleep  again.  In  bed  had  a  drawing  tensive  pain  in  middle  joint  of 
1.  index,  becoming  after  a  short  time  throbbing  pain  ;  at  same  time 
powerlessness  in  upper  arms  as  after  severe  manual  labour;  hunger; 
pricking  itching  in  canthi* — 29th,  m.,  when  walking  in  street,  boring 
scraping  pain  in  r.  shoulder-joint.  At  8  a.m.,  10  gr.  In  J  h.  short 
drawing  pain  in  condyles  of  1.  knee,  followed  by  a  similar  pain  in  1. 
temple,  when  at  rest.  During  d,  feeling  of  hunger  with  painless  retrac- 
tion in  scrob,  cordis,  a  very  violent  stitch  in  front  of  1.  elbow,  when  at 
rest.  6  p.m.,  burning  pain  limited  to  a  spot  sixe  of  a  shilling  on  elbow, 
for  more  than  20  seconds,  when  at  rest.  N.  good.  M,,  in  bed, 
weariness  in  upper  arms  and  drawing  pain  in  radius,  beginning  over 
wrist,  followed  by  similar  pain  in  r.  shoulder. — 30th,  8  a.m.,  16  gr. 
During  d.  bruised  pain  on  I,  patella  and  1.  side  of  pelvis  posteriorly^ 
when  moving,  with  pain  as  if  dislocated.  During  afternoon  siesta, 
feeling  of  hunger  with  attack  of  nausea.  After  waking  weakness  of 
lower  extremities,  the  knees  knuckle  under  him  when  walking  j  after- 
wards painful  drawing  in  I.  temple  with  sitting.  4  p.m.,  repeated  diggiJig 
pain  deep  in  body  of  r.  testicle,  when  at  rest,  with  dread  of  knocking 
against  something,  E.,  burning  pain  in  corn  on  1.  little  toe.  N.  good, 
M.,  on  waking,  prostration  of  all  limbs,  bruised  pain  in  sacrum,  lumbar 
region  and  nape,  especially  felt  when  moving,  with  repeated  violent 
stitches  in  hollow  behind  r,  ear-lobe  penetrating  into  head, — 31st, 
8  a.m.,  20  gr.  In  ^  h,  repeated  drawing  throbbing  pain  in  middle  of 
1.  tibia,  when  at  rest,  followed  by  violent  drawing  pain  in  r,  nape  near 
occipital  foramen,  with  bruised  pain  on  the  inner  side  of  r.  patella.  At 
8,30  a.m.  this  bruised  pain  attained  such  intensity  when  walking  that 
he  could  only  limp  along ;  it  went  off  after  25  seconds  while  sitting  ; 
at  same  time  weariness  and  weakness  of  that  extremity.  1 1  a.m*,  in 
middle  of  extensor  side  of  1.  forearm  on  the  skin,  a  frightful  prick  as 
from  a  sting  by  an  angry  wasp,  followed  soon  by  a  similar  prick  but  not 
so  severe,  in   skin  of  r.   side  of  thorax,     |  h.  after  this,  when  lying^ 


ARGENTUM. 


J45 


a  cold  feeling  in  a  small  spot  near  the  sacrum  at  r.  side  of  pelvh,  as  if 
the  skin  and  underlying  muscles  were  touched  with  the  point  of  an 
icicle^  lasting  30  seconds  and  recurring  after  dinner.  Afternoon,  hot 
burning  on  tip  of  tongue  as  though  he  had  tasted  a  fragrant  aromatic 
substance*  E.,  a  paralytic  drawing  pain  in  I.  ankle-joint  towards  outer 
ankle,  lasting  some  m.,  when  at  rest. — ist  June,  no  med*  At  \o  a.m. 
dislocation  pain,  when  moving,  in  the  muscular  part  forming  the  pos- 
terior wall  of  axilla,  going  off  when  at  rest*  11.30,  when  walking  In 
open  air,  dislocation  pain  on  inner  condyle  of  r,  tibia.  ^  h.  later,  when 
sitting,  drawing  pressive,  then  throbbing  pain  on  dorsum  of  r.  foot  in 
metatarsal  bones.  6  p.m.,  tearing  in  backs  of  middle  toes  of  1.  foot, 
followed  by  paralytic  drawing  in  bones  of  r.  hip-joint  when  at  rest,  with 
simultaneous  sensation  in  anus  as  if  a  worm  were  forcing  ita  way 
through  sphincter,  without  itching.  Soon  afterwards,  paralytic  draw- 
ing on  middle  of  h  tibia,  when  at  rest,  as  if  in  periosteum.  9  p.m., 
violent  tearing  in  middle  joint  of  r.  little  finger,  followed  by  drawing 
pain  in  1.  frontal  eminence.  After  waking  prostration  and  weakness, 
especially  of  upper  arms,  with  hunger, — 2nd,  m.,  after  rising,  dislocation 
pain  on  inner  side  of  r.  knee,  going  ofF  during  rest.  9.30  a.m.,  when 
walking  In  open  air,  a  very  violent  dislocation  pain  deep  in  1.  sacro- 
lumbar  region,  aggravated  to  an  intolerable  degree  on  every  adduction 
of  I,  thigh,  making  him  limp,  lasting  some  m.,  followed  by  bruised  pain 
in  outer  side  of  1.  knee.  10  a.m.,  drawing  pain  from  mastoid  process 
I  inch  long,  relieved  by  strong  pressure  when  at  rest,  i  r  a.m.,  short 
paralytic  drawing  on  outer  side  of  1.  upper  arm,  with  bruised  pain  when 
pressed.  11-30  a.m.,  drawing  pain  In  radial  side  of  wrist-joint  when  at 
rest,  going  off  on  moving  hand  and  with  bruised  pain  when  pressed. 
Shortly  afterwards  a  paralytic  pain  in  periosteum  (or  bone)  of  left  fibula, 
when  at  rest,  followed  by  painful  drawing  in  interior  of  I.  ear.  After 
dinner  a  violent  electric  shock  proceeding  first  from  1.  then  from  n  hip 
joint,  and  preventing  sleep,  io  m.  later,  on  falling  asleep  with  hands 
laid  on  head,  there  occurred  a  more  violent  electric  shock  in  1.  arm 
proceeding  from  shoulder-joint.  3  p.m.,  when  walking  in  street,  an 
intolerable,  very  violent  pain,  accompanied  by  powerlcssncss,  involving 
almost  the  whole  of  1.  fibula,  lasting  some  m.  It  seemed  compounded 
of  pressure,  digging,  tension,  stiffness,  bruised,  cracked  feeling  (of  the 
bone).  6  p.m.,  the  same  pain  in  same  place.  All  e.,  till  1  t  p.m., 
frequent  tearing  pains,  sometimes  in  K,  sometimes  in  r,  head  of  fibula 
and  in  bone  beneath,  with  slight  scalding  when  urinating,  as  though 
the  urine  (which  was  normal)  were  more  acrid.  N.  good.  After  waking, 
(m,,  the  same  tearing  pain  in  fibulae.  After  rising,  when  moving,  dislo- 
cation pain  externally  on  posterior  part  of  pelvis  and  on  r.  inner  ankle. 
e.  3rd,  8  a.m.,  5  gr.  2nd  trit.  In  1  h.  pressive  bruised  pain  in  head 
of  1.  humerus  when  walking,  followed  by  painful  drawing  in  1.  occipital 
^region  (betwixt  protuberance  and  mastoid  process)  when  at  rest. 
During  d.  frequent  drawing  pains,  first  in  one  joint  then  in  another, 
in  upper  arm,  calves,  forehead,  always  transient  and  alternating,  when 
at  rest,  3  p,m,,  painless  jerking  in  1,  elbow-joint  when  at  rest,  a 
brown ish-yellow,  pappy,  almost  diarrhceic  stool,  with  ineffectual  pressing 
at  end  of  evacuation.     4.  p.m.,  after  a  short  walk,  repeated  tearing  pain 


346 


ARGENTUM. 


in  course  of  both  spermatic  cords  to  testicles^  when  2t  rest.  £.,  in  bed^ 
contused  pain  in  both  testicles.  N.  good.  M.,  after  rising,  dislocation 
pain  in  r,  knee  and  cramp  of  calf,  when  walking. — 4th,  8  a.m.,  10  gr. 
Forenoon  hungry  feeling  with  nausea  as  from  emptiness  of  stomachgJ 
with  rough  irritation  in  bronchi  (causing  dry  cough)  ;  at  same  time  iill 
lowest  ribs  near  spinal  column  drawing  shooting  pain  as  in  an  ulcer 
followed  by  similar  pain  in  r*  side  of  pelvis  posteriorly,  when  at  rest, 
and  drawing  pain  in  1.  metatarsal  bones  and  ankle-joint,  with 
burning  in  corn  on  1.  toe.  From  moderate  walking  slight  excoriation i 
between  nates  at  anus  and  in  bend  of  thigh.  After  dinner  subsultus^ 
of  muscles  in  bend  of  r.  elbow  and  bruised  pain  in  head  of  r«  humerus, 
when  at  rest.  3  p.m.,  when  walking,  a  bruised  pain  in  flank  above  L 
hip  all  over  L  side  of  pelvis ;  in  hip-joint  at  every  step  dislocation  pain 
so  that  he  could  only  walk  in  a  limping  way,  lasting  some  m,  4  p»m.^ 
painful  drawing  close  to  ear  cartilages  in  hollow  behind  r.  ear-lobe  in 
crescentic  form,  when  at  rest.  7  p.m.,  repeated  contused  pain  in  r. 
testicle  lasting  4  or  5  m.  The  pressure  of  the  trousers  when  walking 
aggravated  the  pain.  N*  good.  M,,  inclination  to  go  to  sleep  of  arms 
when  lying  on  them,  with  increased  saliva  in  mouth. — 5th,  9  a.m., 
15  gr.  Forenoon,  no  symptoms  except  the  above-described  bruised 
and  dislocation  pains  on  left  side  of  pelvis  when  walking,  and  a  violent 
stitch  on  the  tip  of  both  elbows.  3  p.m.,  itching  crawling  in  faucial 
opening  of  r.  Eustachian  tube,  extending  to  mcmbrana  tympani,  lastingl 
10  seconds.  Then  the  same  in  L  ear.  N,  good.  6th.  No  med.l 
Drawing  digging  pain  under  r.  deltoid  muscle  in  shoulder-joint,  fol- 
lowed by  drawing  throbbing  headache  deep  in  the  r.  side  of  brain, 
when  at  rest. — 7th.  M.,when  writing  a  momentary,  but  horrible  stitch 
in  1.  side  of  chest  in  cardiac  region  (as  if  in  pleura).  During  d* 
frequent  spasmodic  but  painless  jerking  of  whole  cardiac  muscle, 
especially  when  lying  on  back  ^  at  same  time  a  constantly  recurring 
idea  that  apoplexy  was  coming  on,  and  that  he  would  not  be  able  to 
finish  the  proving.  Also  sensation  in  enamel  of  teeth  as  though  they 
were  covered  with  sticky  putty,  lasting  all  d.  N,  with  frightful  anxious 
dreams. 

yi  8th,  9  a.m.,  took  5  gr.  of  ist  trit.  5  p.m.,  cutting  pain  lasting 
several  seconds,  in  1,  fibula  as  with  a  fine  knife,  when  standing*  N, 
good. — 9th,  5  a.m*,  10  gr.  In  i  h.  head  dull  as  if  numb,  dryness  of 
buccal  cavity,  powerlessness  of  limbs,  knuckling  of  knees  when  going 
upstairs,  painful  pressive  tension  alternately  in  tendon  of  r.  psoas  and 
deltoid  muscle,  bruised  pain  when  pressed.  8  a.m.,  shuddering  horri- 
pilation through  whole  outer  side  of  1,  lower  extremity  when  standing 
in  room.  11.30,  when  walking  in  street  dislocation  pain  in  top  of  r, 
shoulder  and  1,  inner  ankle  ;  on  coming  home  giddy  in  head  with 
slight  shudder  through  skin.  Afternoon  when  writing  painless  jerking 
of  whole  r.  thumb  (loor  12  times  repeated)  which  jerked  it  away  from 
the  other  fingers.  N.  good. — lOih,  m.,  15  gr.  In  i  h.  giddy  stupe* 
faction  of  head,  dryness  of  mouth,  hot  feeling  in  face  without  redness, 
drawing  pains  successively  in  forehead,  occiput,  I.  elbow-joint,  when  at 
rest  i  bruised  pain  in  front  of  L  thigh  and  1.  knee,  dislocation  pain  in  r, 
hip-joint,  jerking  subsultus  above  L  patella,  paralytic   weakness    on 


ARGENTUM, 


3*7 


moving,  and  very  slight  sweating,  especially  during  and  after  eating* 
3  p.m.,  drawing  pain  in  r,  submaxillary  gland  lasting  5  or  6  seconds, 
E»>some  itching,  inviting  scratching,  on  inner  surface  of  L  ear-lobe  and 
burning  sore  feeling  betwixt  nates  after  a  short  walk.  N.,  difficulty  in 
getting  to  sleep  on  account  of  pain  in  corn  ;  sleep  full  of  dreams.  M», 
after  waking,  feeling  of  hunger,  drawing  pains  in  r.  frontal  eminence, 
and  throbbing  tearing  in  middle  of  r.  tibia. 

This  ended  the  proving.     Many  of  the  above  symptoms  continued 
for   some    d,   after    the  cessation    of   the    proving,   and    some   new 
symptoms  occurred  up  to  24th  June,  which  were  evidently  owing  to 
the  silver.     These  were  :  drawing  tearing  in  r,  zygomatic  process.     A 
pain  brought  on  by  a  draught  of  air  in  cricoid  cartilage  of  larynx,  lasting 
^  a  d. ;  it  felt  like  a  cork  in  the  throat  ^  when  pressed  caused  bruised 
pain.     Before  midnight,  in  bed,  desire  to  sleep,  but  inability  to  go  to 
sleep  on  account  of  heat  and  pricking  on  skin,  and  when  he  fell  asleep 
attack  of  giddiness  in  head  so  that  he  felt  as  though  his  head  would 
tumble  out  of  bed,  followed  by  a  violent  convulsive  shock  like  epilepsy, 
when  the  vertigo  and  sleepiness  went  off.     Feeling  in  anus  as  if  long 
air-bubbles  were  passing  away.     On  sneezing  a  cutting  dislocation  pain 
on  the  cartilages  of  the  1.  false  ribs  in  a  horizontal  direction  on  the  1.  of 
the  scrob,  cordis.     (Oest  Zeitschr,/,  Homoopath.y  1845,  ii,  158 — 172.) 
3.  Proving  of  Arg.  muriaticum,  by  Dr.  Lembke,  of  Riga.     27th 
Jan.,  1866,  7  a.m.,  10  gr.  3rd.  trit.     9  a.m.,  10  gr.     E.,  boring  in 
borders  of  r.  foot. — 28th,  7  a.m.,  10  gr.     8  a.m.,  drawing  in  skin  of 
1,  temple  as  if  skin  were  contracted  there.     1 1  a.m.,  when  walking 
drawing  in  skin  of  outer  side  of  1.  thigh,  afterwards  the  same  above 
inner  condyle  of  1,  elbow,     4  p.m.,  severe  shooting  in  r.  eyelids.     N., 
frequent  micturition,  urine  normal. — ^29th,  7  a.m.,  10  gr.     Boring  in 
outer  side  of  r,  ankle-joint. — 31st,  7  a.m.,  10  gr.     No  symptoms. — 
ist  Feb.,  7  a,m.,  10  gr,  2nd  trit.     8  a.m.,  violent  stitches  in  skin  of  r. 
eyelids.     9  a.m.,  great  call  to  urinate,  which  must  be  immediately 
obeyed  j    much  clear   urine  passed,       10  a.m.,  the  same,   and   again 
repeatedly  till  4  p.m.      i   p.m.,  several  times  drawing  in  skin  above 
Inner  condyle  of  r.  elbow. — 4th,  7  a.m.,   fo  gr.     During  forenoon 
very  frequent  and  strong  call  to  urinate  j    much   urine.     The  same 
state  towards  e. — 5th.  Frequent  and  great  discharge  of  yellowish  urine. 
The  same  n, — 7th,  7  a.m.,  10  gr.     Frequent  and  profuse  discharge  of 
urine,  but  with  less  urgency. — 8th,  7  a.m.,  10  gr.     Frequent  micturi- 
tion 9    much  bright  yellow   urine. — 9th.    Less   frequent   micturition. 
Woke    with  pressure  in  forehead,  lasting  till  4  p.m.,  increased    by 
stooping  ;  cough  better  in  open  air  j  some  nausea  along  with  a  severe 
fit  of  headache,  which  was  not  of  equal  intensity  all  the  time  tt  lasted, 
but  at  times  declined  considerably,  then  without  cause  became  suddenly 
very  severe.     After  4  p.m.  the  headache  again  occurred,  especially  on 
stooping. — loth,  7  a.m.^  5  gr.  ist  trit.     Taste  slightly  metallic,  rather 
bitter. — 14th,  6  a.m.,  10  gr.,  and  8  a.m.,  10  gr.  ist  trit.     Tearing  in 
frontal   bone.     8.30  a.m.,  and   later  again  at  4  p*m.,  heaviness  and 
pressure  in  frontal  bone,  with  heat  in  forehead,  increased  by  stooping. 
This  pain  lasted  till  bedtime,  was  sometimes  more    violent,  /^.  at 
9  p.m.,  when  walking  in  open  air.     10.30  p.m.,  tearing  from  forehead, 


3^8 


ARGENTUM. 


spreading  back  over  the  crown.  2  p.m.,  tearing  on  r.  side  of  upper 
jaw.  10,45  P'tn*!  spasmodic  contraction  in  gullet.  11  p.m.,  10  gr. 
Pressure  deep  in  r.  leg  for  some  m,  when  seated,  and  recurring  several 
times,  followed  by  above  pain  in  forehead  in  1.  knee.^ — 15th,  6  a.m., 
10  gr.  6.30  a.m,,  tearing  in  crown  and  occiput,  below  r,  eye  in 
superior  maxilla,  at  7  a.m.  on  both  sides  of  occiput  and  1.  shoulder. 
7.30  a*m.,  the  pain  again  on  r,  lower  orbital  border.  8  a.m.,  10  gr. 
8.30  a*m.,  great  urging  to  urinate  j  urine  dark  yellow,  very  acid. 
1 6th,  8*30  a.m.,  40  gr.  9  a.m.,  tearing  in  h  side  of  head  and  1, 
thumb.  3  p*m.,  tearing  in  1.  temple  several  times.  Frequent  call  to 
urinate.     (M  Zeitsch, /,  horn,  Klin,^x\y  129.) 

IIL  Exprrimints  on  animals. — I .  An  elaborate  series  of  physiological 
researches  on  the  eiFects  of  silver  salts  on  animals,  by  Dr.  Bogolowsky, 
of  Moscow,  has  led  him  to  the  following  conclusions. 

a.  Silver  produces  a  decidedly  antiplastic  effect  on  the  blood,  making 
that  fluid  more  fluid,  darker,  and  more  prone  to  the  formation  of  ecchy- 
mosis  and  effusions.  A  longer  continuance  of  this  influence  produces 
chlorosis.  The  blood-corpuscles  give  up  their  haemoglobin  to  the 
plasma^  become  transparent  and  pale,  and  are  altered  in  shape.  The 
cflFused  haemoglobin  passes  gradually  into  hasmatine,  and  the  latter  into 
a  dark  yellow  colouring  matter,  in  consequence  of  which  the  gall- 
bladder is  constantly  distended  with  a  dark  green  bile. 

h.  The  quantity  of  urine  was  generally  diminished,  while  its  sp.  gr, 
was  increased.  The  evacuations  were  notably  increased,  and  coloured 
dark  yellow,  or  like  chocolate. 

c.  The  fluctuations  of  temperature  were  not  particularly  remark- 
able ;  nevertheless  there  was  a  pretty  nearly  constant  lowering  by  a  few 
tenths  of  a  degree,  both  in  acute  and  chronic  poisoning. 

d.  The  mucous  membrane  of  the  air-tubes  and  of  the  intestines 
was  catarrhally  afTccted  by  the  prolonged  use  of  silver,  gastric  or  sul 
cutaneous. 

f.  The  liver-cells  and  the  epithelium  of  the  canals  of  Bellini  were 
mostly  in  a  state  of  cloudy  swelling,  or  else  of  fatty  degeneration.  The. 
liver  was  sometimes  found  congested  and  enlarged  ;  sometimes,  on  thi 
contrary,  reduced  in  size  and  anemic.  The  gall-bladder  was  in  thi 
majority  of  cases  found  distended  with  a  large  quantity  of  bile,  the 
intestinal  evacuations,  as  already  remarked,  containing  a  notable  admSl 
ture  of  this  fluid. 

/,  In  the  urine  of  animals  who  had  long  taken  silver  the  presence 
of  albumen  was  in  many  cases  detected  ;  in  such  instances  the  medul- 
lary cones  of  the  kidneys  were  richer  in  blood  than  the  cortical  substance. 

^.  In  various  researches  changes  in  the  muscular  fibres  of  the  he 
were  observed,  which  were  analogous  to  the  morbid  process  in  thd 
liver  and  kidneys.  The  fibres  were  increased  in  circumference,  and 
were  cloudy,  with  a  large  quantity  of  granular  substance  which,  on 
addition  of  acetic  acid,  vanished  ;  the  transverse  strise  were  obliterated  ; 
and,  not  rarely,  enlargement  of  the  nuclei  of  the  sarcolemma  wa5 
observed.  A  thoroughly  developed  fatty  degeneration  of  the  muscular 
fibre  of  the  heart  was  not  seen,  even  in  a  single  case.  Similar  changes 
were  simultaneously  found  in  the  other  muscles  of  the  body. 


ARGENTUM. 


349 


A.  The  fetty  tissues  were  in  most  cases  atrophied,  and  the  inter- 
muscular cellular  tissue  often  in  a  state  of*  mucous  "  degeneration, 

/,  A  universal  blood-stasis  (repletion  of  all  the  veins  of  the  body 
with  a  very  fluid  blood  containing  coagula,  hypostasis  of  the  lungs, 
repletion  of  the  vessels  of  the  roeduJhry  cones  of  the  kidneys)  was  the 
general  phenomenon  found,  on  dissection,  In  all  animals  killed  either 
by  acute  or  by  chronic  poisoning  with  silver.  Not  unfrequently  there 
was  transudation  into  the  two  pleurae  and  into  the  peritoneal  sac,  in 
consequence  of  this  blood-stasis. 

/.  In  many  of  the  observed  cases  the  urinary  bladder  was  found 
distended  in  consequence  of  disease  of  ihe  spinal  cord,  which  was 
usually  developed  some  days  before  death  in  animals  which  died  of 
chronic  silver  poisoning. 

i.  The  continued  administration  of  silver  in  progressive  doses  causes 
a  lo^s  of  weight,  and  visibly  destroys  the  nutrition,  so  that  an  im- 
poverishment and  a  chlorotic  transformation  of  the  blood  are  produced* 
This  last  occurrence  takes  place  most  rapidly  when  the  silver  salt  has 
been  administered  by  means  of  subcutaneous  injection. 

These  results  followed  equally  when  a  pcptonate  or  albuminate  as 
when  the  nitrate  of  silver  was  employed*  (Bogolqwsky,  Firchow^s 
Archiv^  vi,  4,  and  PractUhner^  iii,  65,) 

2. — tf.  The  main  point  determined  by  modern  investigation  into  the 
action  of  silver  compounds  is  their  special  effect  on  the  nervous  system. 
The  best  experiments  on  animals  have  been  made  by  hypodermic 
injection  of  hyposulphites  and  albuminates  of  silver,  which  do  not  coa- 
gulate albumen.  Charcot  and  Ball  found  paraplegia  result  from  such 
injections  {Ga%.  Med.^  1864).  Rouget  found  that  in  mammalia  small 
doses  caused  excitement  somewhat  like  that  of  strychnia;  toxic  doses 
induced  convulsion  and  asphyxia.  Batrachians  got  convulsions  or 
tetanic  spasm  with  suspension  of  voluntary  movements,  of  reflex  action, 
and  of  respiration,  while  circulation  continued;  weakness,  torpor,  som- 
nolence and  paralysis  also  occurred  in  various  degrees  (Arch,  de  Phys,^ 
1873),  Curci  found  hypodermic  injections  of  the  hyposulphite  first 
stitnulate  the  sensory  nerves,  and  through  them  the  posterior  columns 
the  cord,  so  that  impressionability  and  reflex  excitability  are  increased  ; 
is  condition  extends  more  or  less  to  the  motor  nerve-tracts,  mus- 
cular irritability  is  heightened,  and  tetanus  may  be  produced  ;  after- 
wards comes  a  secondary  paresis  of  sensory  nerve-centres  and  of  those 
connected  with  respiration  j  ultimately  reflex  action  is  arrested,  and 
respiration  and  circulation  cease  {Lend,  Mid.  Record^  1877). 

^.  Orfila  described  asphyxia  as  resulting  from  injecting  silver 
nitrate  into  the  veins,  and  after  death  he  found  partial  consolidation  of 
the  lungs,  and  excessive  secretion  into  the  bronchial  tubes.  Several 
observers  have  corroborated  these  results,  and  it  has  been  a  question 
whether  they  are  mainly  mechanical,  from  thrombosis,  &c.,  or  due  to 
a  reflex  paresis  of  the  pulmonary  nerves,  as  maintained  by  Charcot  (who 
found  the  bronchorrhoca  and  asphyxia  result  from  hypodermic  injec- 
tion), or  results  of  direct  action  on  the  respiratory  centre  in  the  bulb 
and  of  the  neighbouring  vaso-motor  centre.  The  recent  observations 
of  Rouget  point  to  the  latter  conclusion.     He  found  that  in  most 


356 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


tnc 
ndP 


animals  urgent  dyspnoea  occurred,  and,  post  mtfrUm^  the  lungs  proved  to 
be  healthy  in  texture  but  much  contracted  in  volume — the  muscular 
tissue  of  the  bronchi  being  in  a  state  of  spasm  similar  to  that  of  asthma* 
In  adult  specimens  of  only  one  order  of  animals  (carnivora)  did  he  find 
the  excessive  secretion  described  by  Orfila,  and  he  considered  that  only 
in  these  were  the  vaso-motor  centres  affected.  That  the  main  effect 
IS  exerted  upon  the  central  rather  than  on  peripheral  nerve-elements  he 
further  supported  by  showing  that  nerves  and  muscles  retained  electric 
excitability  after  death.  Still  more  recent  observations  by  Rozsaheza^ 
{jfnhivy  iClebs,  Aug.,  1878)  on  rabbits  show  that  in  chronic  poisonijij 
by  silver  there  is  constantly  hyperaemia  of  laryngeal  and  tracheal  me 
branes,  also  of  the  lungs,  and  in  these  organs  often  oedema  was  founi 
with  congestion,  ecchymoses,  effusions,  cheesy  masses,  and  sometimes 
a  condition  resembling  phthisis* 

c.  Rozsahezzi  also  found  very  marked  diminution  of  tissue  change 
and  of  weight,  under  the  continued  influence  of  small  doses  of  the 
nitrate*  This  occurred  even  whilst  the  animal  was  taking  a  good 
amount  of  food,  and  when  no  increased  exertion  could  account  for  the 
loss  i  he  thinks  it  indirect,  from  impaired  blood-  and  musde-conditioi 
(Phillips,  op,  cIl^  sub  voce.)^ 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM, 

Nitrate  of  silver^  Ag.  NO^»     Lunar  caustic. 

1.  Provings, — r,    Hahnemann,   Mat,   Med.    Pura^    voL 
original,  vol.  i  of  translation.     Contains  a  few  symptoms  only, 

2,  J — ,  student,  aet.  22,  blond,  of  phlegmatic  temperament, 
vigorous  ;  liable  to  branny  spots  on  neck.  Took  of  i,  trit,  as  much 
as  would  cover  point  of  knife,  in  water,  each  e.  before  retiring.  After 
1st  dose,^ — metallic  styptic  taste,  like  ink,  immediately ;  dizziness  before 
falling  asleep ;  restless  sleep,  dreamful,  with  much  tossing  about  and 
frequent  dazed  awaking;  woke  early  in  m,  with  flatulent  rolling  and 
rumbling  in  bowels,  and  sensation  as  if  he  must  go  to  stooL  Three 
diarrhoeic  stools  at  short  intervals,  the  first  evacuation  being  papescent 
and  copious,  the  other  two  scanty  and  of  a  watery  mucus,  dark  and 
fetid.  Does  not  relish  the  usual  breakfast  (coffee  and  milk).  The 
whole  forenoon  his  limbs  feel  very  weary  and  debilitated  as  after  a 
distant  journey,  accompanied  with  great  feeling  of  illness,  dread  of 
labour,  drowsiness,  chilliness,  does  not  look  well.  No  appetite ;  fre- 
quent rising  of  air.  Feels  chilly  all  over  in  e,  (in  the  room).  After 
2nd  dose  diarrhoea  in  n ;  six  liquid  brown  fetid  stools.  Sweat  with 
chilliness  as  soon  as  he  got  warm  in  bed.  After  waking  painful  con- 
fusion in  forehead  j  this  disappears  after  eating,  Weary^  debilitated, 'no 
appetite.     White   slimy  tongue ;  the  papillae  are  enlarged,  smarting 

*  "  In  man,  even  after  the  administration  of  large  doses  of  silver  nitrate,  none  of 
the  above-mentioned  symptoms  or  organic  changes  have  been  met  with  '*  (Noth- 
NAGEL  and  RosaBACH)* 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


35 » 


like  a  sore.  Looks  very  ill.  Frequent  emission  of  pale  strong-smelling 
urine.  Urine  continues  to  drop  out  after  the  micturition  is  accom- 
plished, with  sensation  as  if  the  urethra  were  swollen.  After  3rd 
dose  drowsiness  and  tossing  about  in  n.,  but  no  sleep.  Palpitation, 
Sweat  towards  m.  Tremulous  weakness  in  the  daytime,  accompanied 
with  general  prostration  and  apathy,  No  appetite ;  food  tastes  like 
straw. 

The  prover  could  not  be  induced  to  continue  the  proving  lest  he 
should  be  too  ilL  On  6th  d.j  3  d*  after  he  had  discontinued  taking 
the  drug,  his  health  was  fully  restored  except  some  weakness  in  lower 
extremities*  (Dr.  J,  O.  Muller's  provings,  Oester.  Zeitschr,/.  Hom,^ 
vot  it.) 

3.  H — ,  man  of  32,  short  and  thin,  of  phthisical  tendency,  had 
syphilis  and  hydrargyrosis  years  ago,  but  now  quite  healthy.  Proved 
drug  like  No.  2.  After  ist  dose, — bitter,  astringent,  metallic  taste, 
"  as  of  verdigris,"  causing  nausea  and  retching ;  couJd  not  get  to  sleep 
for  fancies  and  "  images  hovering  before  him  ; "  then  dreamful  half- 
slumber  for  first  prt  of  n.  j  scarcely  had  he  become  quiet  when  he 
was  obliged  to  go  to  stool,  with  slight  colic  ;  he  had  sixteen  greenish 
fetid  mucous  discharges  during  the  night,  which  went  off  with  a 
quantity  of  noisy  flatulence.  Great  debility  in  daytime,  even  to  exhaus- 
tion ;  lumbar  region  felt  as  if  beaten  to  pieces*  Papillae  about  K  margin 
of  tongue  became  erect  in  the  shape  of  reddish,  painful  pimples  ;  the 
tongue  pained  as  if  burnt ;  fauces  and  oesophagus  felt  burning  and 
parched.  After  2nd  dose  sleeplessness  and  tossing  about  in  bed,  with 
nervous  excitement ;  in  m.  mouth  and  fauces  were  covered  with  mucus  ; 
he  had  to  hawk  and  spit  constantly.  During  d,  dry  titillation  in  the 
larynx  inducing  cough  ;  several  turns  of  dry  and  hacking  cough  ; 
indefinable  pain  in  the  hypochondria.  Cutting  in  sacrum  and 
abdomen  (also  when  touched) ;  cutting  and  stitching  in  liver  j  violent 
empty  eructations.  White  tongue ;  collection  of  a  watery,  tasteless 
saliva  in  the  mouth.  Trembling  and  beating  in  stomach*  Copious 
diuresis.  After  5th  dose,  the  same  nightly  restlessness,  with  a  good 
deal  of  urination  ;  terrible  headache  in  m.  when  waking,  obliging 
him  to  gnash  his  teeth  ;  shifting  of  flatulence  in  abdomen  ;  two  diar- 
rhocic  stools  in  m.  A  good  deal  of  urine  is  frequently  passed  through 
the  d.,  sometimes  with  divided  stream.  Creeping  and  burning  in  anus. 
After  4th  dose,  paroxysms  of  dry  cough  at  n,,  sometimes  so  violent 
that  it  induces  vomiting  ;  and  starting  of  lower  limbs,  especially  of 
knees,  the  concussion  wakes  him  in  aftright.  Mucus  drips  out  of  the 
urethra.  Colic  around  umbilicus  in  forenoon  (10),  recurring  several  d. 
in  succession.  Tension  in  axillary  glands  of  r.  side.  The  chest  is 
filled  with  mucus;  watery  mucus  in  mouth  and  posterior  nares  d.  and 
n.  The  outer  chest  is  painful  to  the  touch.  Two  diarrhoeic  stools  in 
c.  After  sth  dose,  cough  and  sweat  at  n.  Three  very  profuse  in- 
voluntary emissions.  After  6th  dose  there  was  no  peculiar  reaction 
perceptible  ;  and  the  experiment  was  now  concluded.  The  tension 
in  the  axillary  glands,  which  was  very  troublesome  to  the  prover,  con- 
tinued for  several  d.  On  9th  d.  of  proving  chancre-like  ulcers  were 
discovered  on  the  prepuce  ;  at  first  their  tips  were  covered  with  pus, 


352 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM. 


after  which  they  became  spread  out  over  a  pretty  spacious  depression, 
thibiting  distinctly  the  greasy  covering  of  a  chancre.  They  began  to 
liminish  next  d.  after  their  appearance,  and  on  4th  d.  they  had  dried 
up,  except  a  little  remaining  dampness,     {/hid.) 

4,  P — ,  woman,  ^t.   30,  brunette,  fleshy,  choleric  temperament, 

^cnous    constitution  ;    regular  and  in    good  healthy    save  that  for   6 

'years  she  had  had  some  mucous  Icucorrhoea,  Took  same  dose  one 
m,  at  10  ;  but  it  affected  her  so  much  that  she  was  unwilling  to 
continue  proving.  On  1st  d,,  immediately  aft:er  taking  drug  bitter, 
astringent,  biting,  coppery  taste  in  mouth,  inducing  nausea  and  retch- 
ing ;  bluish  colour  of  lips  and  soft  parts  of  mouth  i  during  d<  frequent 
uneasiness  in  abdomen  ;  at  n,  violent  spasm  of  the  stomach,  waking 
her  from  sleep  j  a  sort  of  twisting  in  the  stomach,  which  extends  down 
into  the  abdomen ;  towards  m.  she  had  several  bloody  mucous  stools, 
without  any  particular  pain.  2nd  d.,  soreness  in  abdomen,  with  great 
hunger,  abating  after  a  meal,  but  then  succeeded  by  trembling.  Rest- 
less n.,  full  of  dreams.  3rd  d.,  after  dinner  a  fainting  sort  of  nausea 
with  violent  palpitation  of  heart  y  she  had  it  three  times  this  after* 
noon.  Extremely  painful  drawing  and  heaviness  in  the  os  sacrum, 
down  the  pelvis,  as  if  the  menses  would  make  their  appearance.  Panu 
lytic  heaviness  and  debility  in  the  lower  limbs,  so  that  she  knew  not 
where  to  place  them.  She  feels  so  debilitated  that  she  is  scarcely  able 
to  walk  across  the  room,  complaining  a  good  deal  of  rigidity  in  the 
calves.  She  is  near  falling  asleep  in  e.  while  sitting  in  a  chair.  4th 
d.,  repeated  complaints  about  pain  in  sacrum  and  loins  ;  heaviness  m 
sacrum  preventing  her  from  sitting  still ;  digging  there  which  docs  not 

1  permit  her  to  stoop  ;  the  sacral  pain  is  relieved  by  standing  or  walking  ; 
the  lassitude  of  yesterday  continues  to-day,  although  less,  and  seems  to 
have  become  concentrated  in  sacrum.  The  catamenia  appear  a  fort- 
night before  the  time,  flowing  only  a  few  hours.  5th  d.,  pricking  in  the 
breasts*  Swelling  and  pain  of  tongue  as  from  submucous  ulceration  i 
ulcerated  patches  on  mucous  membrane  of  mouth,  especially  on  !• 
cheek.  Pain  in  throat  when  swallowing,  as  if  swollen,  or  as  if  a 
splinter  was  sticking  in  the  throat.  Slicking  drawing  pain  in  hip  down 
to  tarsal  joint.  Sticking  in  1.  side  of  chest.  Sticking  in  the  spleen, 
recurring  for  several  e.  in  succession.  Biting  (itching?)  in  nose. 
Erection  of  papillae  on  h  side  of  the  tongue.  No  stool  since  diarrhoea 
had  passed  off  (stool  appeared  on  the  d.  following).  The  mucous 
leucorrhcea  ceased  (it  reappeared  in  a  few  weeks,  was  quite  bland,  and 
much  less  copious). 

5.  Dr.  Mdller,  act*  36,  tall,  slender,  arterial  constitution^  melan- 
cholic temperament,  liable  to  hemorrhoids. 

a.  Took  same  dose  as  No.  4  at  same  time.  Soon  after  taking 
drug,  styptic  constriction  of  mouth,  metallic  ink-like  taste  i  some  h* 
later,  slight  attack  of  nausea  in  stomach,  with  chilliness  and  shuddering, 
and  pecdiar  feeling  of  stiiFness  in  lower  limbs,  also  gurgling  noise  in 
abdomen.  Giddiness  as  if  intoxicated  (very  transient),  most  before 
eyes.  Accumulation  of  much  thick,  tenacious  mucus  in  the  throat, 
obliging  him  to  hawk,  and  producing  slight  hoarseness  (all  d.).  Pain 
in   1.  nasal   bone  as   if  bruised  ;  rigidity  and   squeezing  in    the   nasal 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM. 


353 


cavities.  After  eating,  paroxysmal  stitches  in  liver.  Heaviness  and 
drawing  in  loins,  with  great  prostration  and  weariness,  accompanied 
with  a  tumult  in  the  knees  and  a  tremor  of  the  lower  limbs,  as  after  a 
fatiguing  walk.  The  calves  feel  especially  debilitated.  Extremely 
disagreeable  drawing  and  heaviness  down  the  whole  1,  side  of  abdomen 
when  standing.  Fulness  and  oppression  in  the  chest  with  desire  to 
sigh.  Accelerated  and  increased  micturition,  the  urine  being  copious 
and  pale  yellow  j  passes  the  urine  with  a  facility  which  he  had  never 
felt  before,  and  which  was  almost  pleasant  ;  the  stream  was  apparently 
larger.  (The  facility  was  only  perceived  to-day  and  next  d,  ;  after- 
wards urinadon  became  difficult  and  almost  fatiguing,  although  the 
quantity  was  the  same.)  Woke  at  n.  in  consequence  of  an  acute  pain 
in  wrist-joint,  as  if  sprained,  accompanied  with  heat  in  the  whole  hand 
and  restlessness  in  it,  obliging  him  to  change  its  position  continually. 
In  the  m»  he  found  a  pimple  not  far  from  the  joint,  with  pus  in  the 
tip  causing  a  stinging  pain  as  if  a  sph*nter  were  lodged  in  it.  The  tip 
with  the  pus  was  surrounded  by  a  red,  hard  base  of  considerable 
extent,  and  d.,  violent  pain  while  sitting  in  sacrum,  as  if  sprained, 
obliging  him  to  rise  (going  off  after  several  h.).  Violent  tearing, 
digging,  raging  pain  below  patella,  first  I.  then  r.  Peculiar  fulness  in 
liver,  which  was  sensitive,  with  occasional  drawing  and  sticking  there, 
especially  when  walking,  sometimes  reaching  up  into  chest.  Drawing 
tearing  from  knees  into  legs.  3rd  d.,  violent  pain  while  sitting  in 
sacrum  (m.),  as  if  sprained,  scarcely  permitting  him  to  rise,  and  not 
permitting  him  to  walk  about  except  sttx>ping  (recurring  in  the  same 
manner  the  4  following  d.).  4th  d.,  in  m.  on  waking,  tongue  is  dry  as 
bark  ;  even  when  washing  the  mouth  with  water  the  dryness  is 
diminished  only  partly  and  for  a  short  while  ;  palate  and  fauces  so  dry 
that  he  found  it  difficult  to  articulate  ;  burning  pain  in  velum  pendulum, 
palate,  and  posterior  nares  as  if  sore  or  as  if  corroded  with  pepper. 
Ringing  in  ears  and  diminution  of  hearing.  Fine  stitches  in  spleen  in 
paroxysms.  5th  d.,  through  n*  head  feeling  dull  and  stupid  i  in  m,, 
after  waking,  forehead  feels  full,  with  stinging  digging  in  that  region  ; 
these  pains  in  the  forehead  increase  after  rising.  Drawing  sticking 
pain  in  K  frontal  eminence.  Had  no  stool  till  this  m>  since  beginning 
proving,  though  the  bowels  were  generally  loose,  he  having  sometimes 
two  evacuations  a  day  ;  the  substances  discharged  were  dry  and  firm. 
Clear  ringing  before  the  ears,  passing  into  momentary  hard  hearing 
with  dull  buzzing.  Itching  vesicles  on  the  back,  the  itching  being 
especially  violent  in  e.  and  obliging  him  to  scratch;  here  and  there 
eruptions  of  small  itching  vesicles  resembling  scabies,  especially  on  the 
chest  and  back  towards  the  shoulders  ^  intolerable  itching  at  n.  in 
region  of  boundaries  of  the  hairy  scalp  in  nape.  6th  d.,  restless  during 
n,,  owing  to  itching  of  various  parts  of  body.  Light  sweat  in  m.  On 
confines  of  hairy  scalp  and  nape  are  seen  irregular  blotches,  which  itch 
violently  and  are  sore  when  scratched  ;  these  blotches  become  inflamed 
after  scratching  for  a  time  and  appear  to  emit  a  humour.  Headache  \i\ 
forehead  (excited  by  drinking  coffee),  at  first  a  dull  drawing,  afterwards 
a  stitching  pain.  This  d.  the  itch-like  eruption  becomes  more  intense 
and  spreads  more  j  it  becomes  especially  marked  on  back.      The  pains 

23 


354 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM. 


in  throat  and  nose  mentioned  above  reappear  to-dajr^  and  are  generally 
found  to  be  constant  and  obstinate  symptoms.  7th  d.,  the  eruption 
dries  up  (and  disappears  entirely  on  the  d.  foUowing,  the  itching 
having  disappeared  this  d,)»  No  more  symptoms  were  now  felt  save 
some  lassitude,  pain  in  sacrum  and  throat,  and  the  rigidity  and  squeez- 
ing in  nose.     On  9th  d.  he  felt  quite  well. 

t,^  Took  10  drops  of  2x  dil,  in  water  before  going  to  bed.  Con- 
fusion of  head  (after  J  h.).  Fancies  and  images  crowding  upon  his 
mind  in  sleep.  Dull  headache  whole  n.  not  permitting  sound  sleep. 
Wakes  in  m.  from  a  slumber  full  of  dreams,  with  painful  confusion  of 
head.  In  m.  the  lower  limbs  feel  weary.  Took  3  drops  on  tongue 
without  water.  R.  hemicrania,  consisting  of  drawing  with  pressure 
and  of  heaviness ;  better  at  rest  j  increased  by  the  least  motion. 
General  confusion  of  head  the  whole  d,^  worst  in  occiput,  in  1.  side  of 
the  head  and  on  the  forehead,  pressure  outwards  ^  frequent  and  copious 
discharge  of  pale  urine.  Wakes  with  a  sorethroat,  as  if  an  ulcer  were 
in  throat,  on  r.  side,  with  drawing  and  tension  upward  and  downward ; 
sensation  as  if  a  splinter  were  lodged  in  throat  when  swallowing, 
eructating,  stretching  and  moving  the  throat ;  between  whiles  unduJa- 
tory  motions  and  pulsations  therein  ;  dark  redness  of  the  uvula  and 
fauces.  Early  in  m.,  on  waking,  the  eyes  burn  and  feel  dry ;  he  had 
great  difficulty  in  opening  them.  During  the  d»  the  affection  of  the 
eyes  assumed  the  following  form  : — Pressure  in  the  eyes  as  if  too  full  j 
heat  and  pain  in  the  ball  when  moving  or  touching  it  >  mucous  flocks 
causing  illusions  of  sight  and  obliging  him  to  wipe  the  eyes ;  in  e.  the 
scarlet  redness,  which  had  shown  itself  in  the  inner  canthus  of  the  r. 
eye  already  in  the  m,,  extended  as  far  as  the  cornea  j  the  conjunctiva 
of  the  ball  and  the  eyelids  was  congested  ;  pain  in  eye  as  if  a  grain  of 
sand  were  lodged  in  it,  sticking,  itching  ;  grey  dots  and  serpent*shapcd 
figures  were  seen  in  the  axis  of  vision  ;  mist  before  the  eyes ;  the 
candle-light  is  not  coloured,  but  rather  enveloped  in  mist  j  winking ; 
the  aperture  between  the  lids  is  diminished;  all  these  symptoms  being 
accompanied  with  general  debility  and  weariness,  and  increased  tern* 
^perature  of  the  skin.  At  noon,  violent  tickling  in  the  throat  obliging 
him  to  cough*  Pimple  on  septum  of  nose  which  bleeds  easily. 
Pustule  on  skin  of  upper  lip  arising  from  a  painful  red  shining  blotch. 
In  the  afternoon  dulness  of  sense,  inattentiveness,  inability  to  think  j 
cannot  find  words  to  express  his  thoughts  in  a  suitable  manner,  hence 
want  of  ease  in  speech.  At  10  p.m.  recurrence  of  the  above-men- 
tioned affection  of  the  throat,  being  this  time  accompanied  with 
roughness  and  dryness.  In  n,  cough  from  tickling  in  larynx.  In 
various  parts  of  the  chest  pressing  tensive  pain  in  spots  the  size  of  a 
dime  (sixpence).  Agglutination  of  r.  eye  during  n.  and  d.,  m,,  it 
was  closed  by  crusts  of  dry  mucus,  causing  the  lids  to  adhere  and 
requiring  to  be  washed  away  before  the  eye  could  be  opened  ;  when 
opened  it  was  found  to  be  redder  than  yesterday  j  the  pressure  and 
heat  in  eye  were  more  painful  j  aperture  between  lids  smaller  i  photo- 

•  A   considerable  space  of  time  was  allowed  to  elapse  between  the  dilfercnt 
provings  on  one  and  the  »amc  individual. 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


355 


phobia.  He  hawked  up  yellow-brown  mucus  tinged  with  blood ,  At 
noon^  suffocative  cough  (recurring  several  d.  in  succession).  Fever 
after  meal ;  chilliness,  desire  to  lie  down,  excessive  feeling  of  illness 
and  prostration  ;  confusion  in  head.  The  whole  afternoon  felt  feverish 
and  ill ;  constant  faintness  and  languor.  The  inflammation  of  the  eye 
is  better  in  the  coo!  and  open  air,  but  intolerable  in  the  warm  room. 
In  e.,  headache  on  r,  side,  heaviness,  fulness,  and  pressure  (several  c, 
in  succession).  On  3rd  d,,  headache  on  waking  ;  full,  heavy,  stupefied  ; 
the  pain  becomes  intolerable  by  the  slightest  movement  (lasting  almost 
the  whole  dj.  Pain  in  1,  side  of  head  and  forehead,  first  sticking,  then 
digging,  extending  as  far  as  the  malar  bone.  Digging  pain  in  r.  side 
of  the  head.  Tearing  and  twingeing  in  r.  ear.  The  eyes  are  filled 
with  mucus ;  the  inflammation  is  decreasing,  but  reading  continues  to 
be  painful.  The  ulcerative  pain  in  throat  is  permanent.  Cough  from 
tickling  in  throat.  The  urethra  feels  as  if  closed  from  swelling,  and 
an  ulcerative  pain  is  experienced  in  it.  Burning  after  micturition.  In 
€.,  before  retiring  (and  in  the  early  m.),  he  has  a  dry,  fatiguing  cough, 
produced  by  a  violent  itching,  almost  burning,  titillation  in  the  throat. 
4th  d.,  hoarseness  and  roughness  in  throat.  Pain  in  r.  axilla  as  if 
strained  or  torn.  Upon  raising  shoulder,  pain  descended  along  arm  as 
far  as  hand,  where  a  prickling  sensation  was  felt.  Paralytic  drawing 
pain  in  whole  of  the  r.  upper  extremity.  During  micturition  burning 
and  feeling  of  contraction  in  forepart  of  urethra.  Whilst  ejaculating 
the  last  drops  of  urine,  cutting  in  back  part  of  urethra  as  far  as  anus. 
Sunken,  pale,  bluish  countenance.  Diminished  appetite;  speedy 
repletion.  Stitches  in  chest.  5th  d.,  restless  night,  sleep  disturbed  by 
frequent  paroxysms  of  cough  j  from  4  to  6  a.m.,  sweat.  Dryness  of 
the  tongue  in  the  m.  In  forenoon,  accumulation  of  mucus  in  posterior 
nares  obliging  him  to  hawk.  In  e.,  cough  i  he  is  unable  to  bear  the 
usual  smoke  of  tobacco  ;  dry  tongue  (e.).  In  m.,  during  first  mictu- 
rition, he  feels  a  heat  in  the  urethra  with  itching  and  tickling.  Inability 
to  emit  the  urine  with  a  free  rushing  stream.  Stoppage  of  nose  and  a 
good  deal  of  itching.  A  third  dose  was  taken  at  10  a.m.  on  6th  d.  of 
proving.  About  noon,  intense  titillation  of  palate  and  fauces,  causing 
Kcs  to  run  and  a  fatiguing  hacking  cough.  Scraping  in  throat. 
Then  drinking  cold  water,  and  on  empty  swallowing^  a  sore  feeling 
deep  in  throat.  Sensation  as  if  dampness  were  running  along  the 
urethra  from  behind  forward.  Painful  urging  in  the  urethra.  After 
micturition,  which  left  urethra  feeling  painful  as  if  ulcerated,  he  again 
had  desire  to  micturate,  but  ineffectual.  In  afternoon,  painful  heavi- 
ness and  coldness  in  the  head,  with  difficulty  in  collecting  his  senses 
nd  a  glowing  heat  in  the  head  and  cheeks.     Difficult  and  fatiguing 

Apprehension,  Debilitated  and  weary.  So  debilitated  in  the  afternoon 
that  he  had  to  lie  down,  accompanied  with  increased  warmth  in  whole 
iy  and  heat  in  palms  of  hands.  Going  upstairs  is  very  troublesome, 
ccompanied  with  severe  drawing  in  calves.     Rough  tongue*     Painful 

'blotches  in  the  1.  corner  of  the  mouth.  Restless,  stupefied  sleep  with 
horrid  dreams.  The  lips,  tongue,  mouth  and  fauces  are  parched. 
Kext  d.  tip  of  the  tongue  is  red  and  painful ;  papilla  erect.  The  I. 
eye  is  now  affected  as  the  r.  was ;  canthus  is  red  as  blood  j  swelling  of 


356 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM. 


caruncula  lachrymalts^  it  stands  out  from  the  canthus  like  a  lump  of 
flesh  ;  intensely  red  clusters  of  vessels  extend  from  inner  canthus  to 
cornea  ;  relaxation  and  swelling  of  the  conjunctiva  ;  the  secretion  of 
mucus  and  tears  increases.  After  breakfast  diarrhoeic  stool^  during 
which,  after  micturating,  a  burning  drop  was  still  running  along  the 
urethra*  The  urine  on  micturating  was  a  longer  time  than  usual  in 
making  its  appearance.  Vanishing  of  sight  i  is  constantly  obliged  to 
wipe  ofFthe  mucus  which  is  in  the  axis  of  vision.  Pain  in  the  head  as 
if  it  would  burst  (from  mental  labour).  Does  not  pass  a  n.  without 
headache.  After  a  meal,  a  cough  which  hinders  speech.  Paralytic 
weakness  of  the  lower  limbs  and  emaciation  of  same.  Red  swelling  of 
conjunctiva  round  cornea  towards  inner  canthus  ;  the  conjunctiva  of  eye 
and  lids  is  blood -red.  Looks  old  ;  skin  of  face  is  tightly  drawn  over 
bones,  and  hence  marked  prominence  of  facial  mucles.  Burning  during 
micturition  and  feeling  of  swelling  in  the  urethra;  the  latter  portion  ot 
the  urine  is  not  ejected  freely.  Itching  and  smarting  in  the  K  eye. 
The  headache  is  worse  in  the  open  air.  Fulness  and  heaviness  of  the 
head.  On  3rd  d.  tongue  and  mouth  are  parched  and  dry.  In  m.  fcctor 
from  mouth.  Itching  from  nose.  Dragging  pains  when  urinating. 
Sore  feeling  in  interior  of  urethra  even  after  micturition.  The  urethra 
is  hard,  swollen,  and  knotty  to  touch.  The  r.  testicle  is  hard  and 
larger  than  usual.  Tumour-like  itching  elevations  in  the  hairy  scalp 
and  in  nape  of  neck.  Blear-eyedness.  Pustule  in  the  1.  corner  of  the 
mouth.  Fixed  ulcerative  pains  deep  in  throat,  apparently  in  the  pos- 
terior wall  of  the  pharynx.  When  yawning  and  taking  a  deep  breath 
the  pain  is  changed  to  an  aching.  [The  phenomena  denoting  an 
affection  of  the  mucous  membrane  in  the  parts  designated  above — 
ocular  and  palpebral  conjunctiva,  nose,  mouth,  fauces,  and  urethra — 
were  the  most  troublesome  and  permanent.] 

f.  M —  took  10  drops  of  6x  djl.  in  4  spoonful  of  distilled  water  at 
10  a.m.  Unusual  appetite  and  great  desire  to  eat.  Intermittent  dull 
pressure,  as  of  a  foreign  body,  in  the  obliqui  muscles,  near  the  crest  of  | 
the  ilium.  After  dinner  depression  of  spirits.  The  throat  feels  rough 
and  scraping,  as  if  raw  and  sore.  The  isthmus,  posterior  nares  and 
velum  pendulum  palati  are  red.  Soap-like,  ball-shaped  clots  of  mucus  in 
the  throat  occasion  slight  turns  of  cough,  by  which  the  mucus  is  thrown 
off.  Roughness  in  the  throat  excites  hawking.  The  dose  was  repeated 
next  d.  at  same  h.  Soon  after  taking  drug  meditative  and  brooding, 
with  vacant  stare.  Tickling  in  the  throat  as  if  he  had  drawn  in  a  little 
feather,  obliging  him  to  hawk.  Drawing  with  pressure  in  the  top  of 
1,  shoulder,  as  if  pressed  with  a  load.  Prickling  itching  of  various 
parts  of  the  body,  especially  marked  around  h  nipple*  Slight  astringent 
sensation  about  lips,  buccal  cavity,  and  tongue.  The  lips  are  dry  and 
glutinous  without  thirst.  With  constriction  of  the  mouth,  confluence 
of  watery  saliva.  Aching  drawing  pain  in  whole  abdomen  as  far  as 
groin,  with  distension  as  in  ascites.  At  lo  a.m.,  and  again  in  the 
afternoon,  long  and  deep  yawning.  Yawning  and  chilliness.  Ulcera- 
tive pain  in  small  spot  in  the  velum  pendulum  palati.  Peculiar  tin* 
easiness  and  emptiness  in  abdomen  with  nausea.  Painful  urging  sensa- 
tion in  groin,  more  intense  when  part  is  touched.     Pimples  on  chin  and  ' 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


357 


cheeks,  rapidly  filling  with  pus.     Irresistible  desire  for   sugar  in  e.  i 

after  eating  it  he  experiences,  about  midnight,  a  fermenting  flatulent 
colic,  waking  him  from  sleep,  and  followed  by  small  discharges  of 
watery  f^ces,  accompanied  with  emission  of  a  quantity  of  noisy  flatu- 
lence, A  good  deal  of  urging  with  the  diarrhoea.  In  the  m.  he  has 
diarrhoea,  as  above,  but  papescent,  preceded  by  colic*  Flat  taste  in  the 
mouth  after  rising,  tongue  being  white  at  tip  and  yellow  at  root,  with 
sticky,  dry  lips,  without  thirst.  Nausea  as  from  hunger.  Drawing 
tearing  in  L  side  of  patella.  Paralytic  painful  drawing,  as  if  bruised,  in 
rectus  cruris  muscle,  a  hand's  breadth  above  the  1.  patella.  Clawing 
sensation  moving  about  in  the  pleura,  costal  and  visceral,  with  slight 
oppression  of  the  chest.  Took  lo  drops  without  any  water,  3rd  d,,  at 
noon.  The  existing  nausea  in  the  stomach  is  momentarily  increased, 
then  suddenly  abating.  Constant  drawing  and  digging  in  1.  frontal 
eminence,  afterwards  accompanied  with  drawing  tearing  along  whole 
arm.  Undulating  tearing  in  the  whole  forehead.  Stinging  ulcerative 
pain  on  K  side  near  stomach,  directly  below  short  ribs,  made  more 
violent  by  deep  inspiration  and  by  contact.  Coitus  painful  ;  the 
urethra  feels  stretched  ;  want  of  pleasurable  feeling.  Ulcerative  pain 
in  urethra  between  acts  of  micturition,  as  if  a  splinter  had  been  thrust 
into  it.  At  6  p.m.  another  scanty  brown  evacuation.  Gnawing  pain 
In  1,  side  near  stomach.  Disagreeable  sensation  in  the  body,  moving 
about;  at  one  time  felt  in  hmbs  (especially  r.  upper  limb),  at  another 
time  in  head  (especially  in  r.  temple).  Next  d,,  great  debility  and 
weariness  of  the  calves  in  bed^  as  after  a  distant  journey  on  foot.  After 
rising,  great  nervousness,  feeling  of  weakness,  tremulousness,  irritated 
and  at  the  same  time  fretful  mood.  In  m.  he  had  one  evacuation  at 
the  usual  time,  but  much  less  copious  than  usual.  An  h,  after  the  lirst 
he  had  a  second  evacuation,  loose  and  in  pieces,  very  little  of  it.  At 
10  a.m.  he  took  10  drops  on  the  tongue,  without  water.  At  10,30 
another  paroxysm  of  yawning,  same  as  yesterday.  Not  long  after  that 
he  had  a  peculiar  paroxysm  of  spasm  of  oesophagus,  developing  itself  in 
the  following  manner :  efFons  to  eructate,  with  distension  of  the 
stomach  as  if  it  would  burst ;  the  oesophagus  is  spasmodically  closed 
at  its  orifice,  hence  the  eiForts  to  eructate  are  ineffectual,  and  are 
accompanied  with  excessive  strangulation  and  urging  pain  in  stomachy 
faintish  nausea,  confluence  of  water  in  the  mouth,  and  inability  to  stir  j 
all  this  paroxysm  ended  in  frequent  and  violent  eructations,  the  spasm 
lasting  in  all  ^  h.,  occasionally  increasing,  and  then  again  decreasing. 
Rheumatic  tearing  where  thumb  joins  metacarpus.  Clawing  in  r, 
anterior  cervical  muscles  like  cramp.  Confusion  of  the  head,  especially 
after  drinking  coffee.  Stitches  and  digging  in  1,  frontal  eminence  (this 
symptom  is  perceived  several  times  a  d.,  but  more  frequently  in  the 
afternoon,  and  is  the  most  constant  of  all  the  head-symptoms).  He 
wakes  frequently  at  night,  owing  to  tormenting  dreams  about  putrid 
waters,  fishes,  serpents,  filling  him  with  horror.  He  dreams  towards 
m,  that  an  insect  had  inflicted  a  deep  bite  in  his  heel,  burrowing  in  the 
wound,  and  making  it  necessary  that  the  insect  should  be  cut  out. 
Next  d,,  early  in  m.,  on  waking,  he  experiences  a  violent  pressure 
between  the  shoulders,  which  is  especially  deep  seated  at  angle  of  r. 


3S8 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM. 


shoulder.  After  breakfast  he  feels  extremely  debilitated,  nervous, 
tremulous  ;  he  dares  not  undertake  anything  lest  he  should  not  succeed* 
His  spirits  feel  more  affected  than  yesterday.  Paralytic  drawing  in 
bones  of  forearm.  For  some  d.  past  great  apprehensive  caution  has 
been  alternating  with  light  sense  of  indifference.  Drawing  in  streaks 
or  bands  over  the  surface  of  the  brain,  apparently  in  membranes  and 
sinuses.  Drawing  in  a  streak  from  occiput  into  middle  of  brain* 
Slight  digging  in  parenchyma  of  the  brain,  drawing  to  and  fro.  Sudden 
stitches  darting  through  the  abdomen,  like  electric  sparks,  especially 
when  suddenly  passing  from  a  state  of  rest  into  a  state  of  motion  (only 
on  K  side).  Paralytic  heaviness  in  h  lumbar  region,  extending  as  far 
as  hip-joint  of  the  same  side  ;  lumbar  region  feels  rigid  and  tense* 
Stiffness,  heaviness,  and  paralytic  pains  from  the  sacrum  along  the 
pelvis  and  hips.  Heavy  and  paralytic  feeling  in  the  region  of  the 
sacrum,  making  it  difficult  to  sit  a  long  while,  and  obliging  him  to 
stretch  the  dorsal  spine  as  much  as  possible  while  sitting.  The  sacral 
region  feels  so  painful  that  blowing  the  nose  and  sneezing  causes  him 
to  start.     {Ihld,) 

6.  K.  M — ,  boy  of  7,  pasty,  stout,  slightly  scrofulous,  otherwise 
healthy.  Took  in  e.  3  dr.  of  ix  dil.  mixed  with  10  dr*  of  water. 
Immediately  emissions  of  flatulence  j  n,  very  restless,  tossed  about  in 
bed  and  spoke  out  loud.  Next  d.  a  good  deal  of  itching  in  scalp  (after 
3  d,  small  itching  blotches  were  found  there,  disappearing  again 
gradually).  Red  blotches,  changing  to  yellow  blisters  upon  a  red  base^ 
on  dorsum  of  r,  hand  and  index  finger.  Pricking  in  outer  side  of  r, 
ankle.  3rd  d*,  violent  itching  in  nose,  causing  him  to  rub  it  until  it 
becomes  sore.  4th  d.,  itching  in  the  nose  continues,  5th  d.,  a  good 
deal  of  sneezing  j  when  sneezing  he  discharges  from  nose  purulent 
mucus  with  specks  of  blood.  6th  d,,  in  the  m.,  much  sneezing-  Pain 
and  swelling  of  the  r.  wing  of  the  nose.  After  3  d.,  when  all  reaction 
had  ceased,  the  boy  took  5  dr.  of  same  preparation  at  the  same  h.  The 
following  symptoms  made  their  appearance  :  At  n.  colic  (?).  Pricking 
in  the  liver.  Rises  four  times  m  the  night  to  urinate.  Next  m*  much 
sneezing.     {Ibid,) 

7,  ScHACBERT  took  gr,  |  in  3ss  of  distilled  water,  in  m,  fasting,  and 
only  remarked  a  very  disagreeable  metallic  taste,  and  slight  burning  in 
throat.  He  repeated  the  experiment  several  times,  but  without  pro- 
ducing any  other  symptoms.  After  taking  gr.  J,  the  burning  in  the 
throat  lasted  a  little  longer.  Then  for  3  d.  he  took  gr.  ss  dissolved  in 
'^ss  of  water.  The  burning  sensation  in  the  throat  became  rather 
severe.  The  tongue  showed  in  various  places  a  dark  bluish  colour,  and 
in  the  stomach  there  was  a  sensation  of  increased  warmth  and  slight 
nausea.  These  symptoms  disappeared  after  taking  food.  The  stools 
and  pulse  were  not  affected.  Some  time  after  this  S.  increased  the  dose 
to  a  grain,  which  he  took  i^  h.  after  dinner.  The  burning  in  the 
throat  was  very  severe.  The  tongue  showed  for  several  d.  a  dirty 
brown  colour.  The  feeling  of  increased  warmth  in  the  stomach 
increased  to  nausea  and  retching,  without  actual  vomiting,  and  finally 
gave  place  to  a  persistent,  periodically  aggravated  sensation  of  com- 
pression in  the  stomach,  lasting  several  h,,  when,  towards  e.,  diarrhcpa 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


3S9 


$ct  in  and  continued  during  the  following  d*  With  the  onset  of 
diarrhoea  the  pressure  in  the  stomach  ceased.  The  evacuations  were 
thinner  than  usual,  but  not  altered  in  colour.  In  addition  to  these 
symptoms  there  was  a  distressing  dull  headache,  seated  especially  in  the 
forehead,  and  associated  with  a  certain  prostration  and  restlessness. 
Changes  in  respiration,  pulse,  and  secretion  of  urine  were  not  with 
certainty  made  out.  On  the  3rd  d,  all  the  symptoms  of  the  drug 
action  had  disappeared.  Eight  d,  afterwards  he  toolc  i  J  gr.  in  m,  fasting. 
Nausea  and  inclination  to  vomit,  which  followed  the  dose,  he  at  once 
suppressed  by  eating  a  very  copious  meal,  but  nevertheless  he  felt 
unwell  the  whole  d*^  and  suffered  from  a  dull  headache.  {Diss,  de  usu 
Arg.  nit,  interm^  ^^J?*) 

8.  "  When  I  began  my  experiment  I  was  quite  well  and  strong, 
but  afterwards  was  not  in  the  same  high  state  of  health  as  previously,  and 
my  stomach  suffered  for  several  d.  after  I  had  discontinued  the  use  of  the 
silver  :  I  frequently  had  heartburn,  from  which  I  had  never  before  suf- 
fered, though  these  symptoms  gradually  disappeared.  On  the  other  hand  I 
there  supervened  an  almost  constant  neuralgic  pain  in  the  K  infra-orbital 
region,  that  indeed  but  extremely  seldom,  and  then  only  for  a  moment  or 
two  at  a  time,  became  very  violent,  and  on  the  whole  did  not  put  me  out 
very  much,  but  yet  continued  uninterruptedly  the  whole  of  the  following 
winter*  At  the  same  time  the  action  of  the  heart  became  somewhat 
irregular,  and  the  beats  at  times  intermitted,  of  which  I  had  a  distinct 
disagreeable  sensation  in  the  chest,  I  was  in  addition  tormented  with 
a  constant  sensation  of  fulness  in  the  region  of  the  heart.  If  I  turned 
my  attention  to  the  heart's  action  I  felt  this  irregularity  more  strongly, 
but  if  I  moved  briskly  about,  the  sensation  almost  entirely  disappeared. 
Upon  my  disposition  these  symptoms  had  no  effect.  There  were  no 
paroxysms  of  anxiety  connected  therewith.  The  movements  of  my 
body  were  not  interfered  with.  Only  sudden,  violent,  muscular 
action,  as,  for  instance,  the  exertion  in  jumping,  or  going  quickly 
upstairs  without  stopping,  caused  violent  palpitation  just  like  emotional 
excitement.  The  said  disagreeable  sensations  were  most  perceptible  in 
a  horizontal  position,  hence  in  the  e,  in  bed.  My  sleep  was  but 
extremely  rarely  interrupted  by  palpitation  of  the  heart.  Towards  the 
end  of  the  winter  the  symptoms  diminished  in  intensity/'  (Krahmer 
tells  us  he  did  nothing  to  stop  the  evolution  of  the  proving.)  **  Phy- 
sical signs  of  anything  abnormal  about  the  heart  were  wanting,  as  I 
was  assured  by  a  medical  friend.  With  the  summer  all  morbid  sym- 
ptoms had  entirely  disappeared. 

"  That  these  changes  in  my  condition  were  really  the  result  of  the 
silver  I  am  by  no  means  sure.  But  in  regard  to  time  they  occurred 
after  taking  it,  and  I  know  no  other  cause  for  them.  I  make  this 
communication  in  order  to  add  the  request  that  those  of  my  colleagues 
who  may  have  an  opportunity  of  making  similar  observations  may 
bring  the  same  to  my  knowledge.  Perhaps  they  might  then  be 
able  to  throw  some  new  light  on  the  subject  of  the  mode  of  action 
of  silver. 

**  In  observing  the  action  of  silver  I  have  endeavoured  as  far 
as  possible  to  pay  attention  not  only  to  all  the  subjective,  but  also  to 


360 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM, 


I 
I 


» 


all  the  objective  symptoms  ;  changes  in  the  pulse^  temperature,  and 
character  of  the  urine  have  been  especiaUy  observed,  I  lacked  the 
proper  apparatus  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  carbonic  acid  eliminated  by 
respiration.  My  average  pulse  in  the  m.  after  rising  was  66  ^  at  noon, 
soon  after  returning  from  my  visits^  72  ;  and  in  the  e.,  after  several 
h.  rest,  it  fell  to  68.  A  strict  milk  diet^  and  the  taking  of  arg.  n.  for 
more  than  two  weeks,  had  no  effect  upon  the  character  of  the  pulse. 
My  temperature  is  from  a9'6°  to  30^  R.  I  examined  the  urine^ 
keeping  account  of  the  total  amount,  specific  gravity,  amount  of  water, 
quantity  of  uric  acid,  urea,  and  salts  of  incineration.  In  order  to  have 
correct  data  I  examined  the  urine  from  the  6th  to  the  19th  of  October. 
I  rose  at  6  a.m.,  breakfasted  on  two  cups  of  coffee,  engaged  in  reading 
or  writing  till  9,  visited  patients  till  I,  then  took  dinner;  worked  till 
5  in  my  room,  made  e,  visits,  took  supper  at  8,  and  went  to  bed  about 
11*  Noon  and  e.  usually  drank  a  glass  of  beer  or  wine.  From 
October  19th  to  November  6th  I  kept  a  very  strict  regular  diet;  took 
daily  22937  grammes  of  fresh  milk  and  418*5  grammes  of  white  bread. 
October  26th,  I  took  O' (  gr.  of  crystallised  arg.  n,  4  times  j  27th, 
same  ;  28th,  0*2  gr.  4  times  ;  29th,  same  ;  30th,  O'j  gr.  4  times  ;  3ist, 
0*4  gr.  4  times  ;  November  ist,o'5  gr.  4  times  ;  and,  o'6  gr.  4  times  ; 
3rd,  0*8  gr.  4  times  ;  4th,  i  gr,  4  times  ;  5th,  i'2  gr.  4  times*  A  conse- 
quence of  the  strict  diet  was  that  the  stools,  which  are  usually  regular, 
were  affected,  so  that  on  Oct.  2ist  one  was  evacuated  only  after  violent 
and  painful  effort,  and  on  the  23rd  there  was  no  voluntary  stool.  After 
several  h.  effort  to  evacuate  hard  faeces,  I  took  one  ounce  of  castor-oil.  In 
the  e.  there  was  a  hard  painful  stool,  and  the  next  m.  a  pasty  stool.  On 
the  25th  1  repeated  the  oil,  and  the  n.  of  the  25th  and  z6th  I  took  in 
addition  an  extra  half  ounce,  which  was  followed  next  m,  by  one  hard 
and  one  soft  stool.  On  the  28th  took  2  oz.  oil  followed  by  four  loose 
stools  i  also  on  the  29th  ;  and  from  the  29th  to  the  2nd  of  November 
I  took  daily  a  tablcspoonful  of  castor-oil,  so  that  the  stools  continued 
without  great  difficulty.  After  November  3rd  I  did  not  require  the 
oil,  as  the  large  amount  of  silver  nitrate  kept  the  faeces  soft.  November 
2nd  my  stomach  began  to  suffer.  At  noon,  after  taking  milk  and 
bread,  I  experienced  a  pressing  sensation  of  fulness  in  the  epigastric 
region.  November  3rd,  especially  towards  e.,  the  whole  abdomen  was 
very  tense,  November  4th,  there  was  violent  headache  and  I  could 
scarcely  force  myself  to  take  the  necessary  amount  of  nourishment. 
The  n,  was  restless;  I  could  not  remain  in  bed  after  4  o'clock.  On  the 
5  th  I  was  still  more  averse  to  food,  though  the  taste  was  natural  and 
the  tongue  not  coated.  Through  the  d.  I  had  violent  headache.  The 
following  n.  was  very  restless.  I  rose  at  3  o'clock  and  took  nothing 
but  a  glass  of  milk  before  noon.  The  headache  was  very  violent.  In 
the  afternoon,  after  passing  the  last  quantity  of  urine  for  examination, 
I  took  two  cups  of  strong  black  coffee,  after  which  I  felt  relieved. 
Supper  was  relished,  but  the  next  d.  I  could  take  but  a  small  quantity 
of  food  on  account  of  heartburn.  The  action  of  the  silver  seemed  to 
cause  a  sense  of  satiety,  and  my  stomach  seemed  to  need  less  nourish* 
ment  than  in  a  state  of  health.  In  a  subsequent  trial  I  took  in  the  m. 
i  grain  of  crystallised  arg,   nit^  with  white  sugar  dry  on  the  tongue. 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


361 


I  immediately  experienced  a  very  bitter  taste,  followed  by  warmth  on 
the  tip  of  the  tongue,  then  in  the  pharynx,  after  whicn  these  two 
symptoms  seemed  to  alternate  with  each  other.  I  drank  a  little 
ciistiiled  water,  which  was  followed  by  slight  eructations  and  a  sensa- 
tion of  catarrh  in  the  fauces  and  larynx.  Ac  noon,  before  dinner,  I 
swallowed  the  same  dose  in  a  drachm  of  distilled  water.  I  experienced 
a  sweetish  taste  and  feeling  of  warmth  in  the  mouth-  Three  h.  after 
dinner  took  i  grain  in  distilled  water.  The  sensations  were  the  same 
as  before,  but  perhaps  more  severe.  The  scraping  sensation  in  the 
pharynx  provoked  hawking  and  coughing.  After  i  h,  1  had  a  sensa* 
tion  of  warmth  between  the  scapuTse  and  sternum,  which  gradually 
changed  to  slight  pressure  in  the  epigastric  region.  This  was 
attended  by  tasteless  eructations.  The  next  m.  I  took  I  grain  in 
water,  and  had  only  a  very  bitter  taste,  and  after  10  m.  very  transient 
nausea. 

'*  The  relation  of  the  urea  to  the  solid  constituents  in  my  case  is  some- 
what  less  than  that  of  another  observer  mentioned  by  Simon  in  his 
Handbook .  I  had  an  average  of  26*3  per  cent,  of  urea,  perhaps 
dependent  upon  the  peculiarity  of  my  diet,  which  is  generally  vegetable. 
Under  the  effects  of  the  milk  diet  this  percentage  rose  to  37'6,  and  the 
amount  of  uric  acid  became  quite  small,  which  during  my  ordinary  diet 
was  0*6,  but  was  now  reduced  to  ^045.  The  amount  of  urea  was 
perceptibly  changed,  the  daily  diminution  being  1*5  gramme,  and  the 
uric  acid  entirely  disappeared  from  the  urine,  under  the  influence  of 
silver*  The  amount  of  incinerated  salts  during  the  milk  diet  remained 
very  constant.  After  several  d,  use  of  the  silver  it  rose  considerably. 
In  the  e.  of  November  6th  there  was  found  O'liy  gramme  of  pure 
silicic  acid ;  so  far  as  I  know  no  analysis  of  urine  has  shown  a  like 
amount  of  silicic  acid.  No  changes  were  noticed  in  the  circulation  or 
temperature.  Silver  was  not  found  in  the  urine/*  (Krahmer,  Das 
Silhtr  all  Arzmimtttel  betrachtety  1845,) 

y.  a, — The  prover  was  a  prescription-clerk  in  an  old-school  phar- 
macy, aged  21,  intelligent,  sceptical  as  to  the  action  of  infinitesimal 
doses,  and  quite  ignorant  of  the  pathogenetic  properties  of  nitrate  of 
silver.  He  was  in  good  general  health  and  free  from  constitutional 
dyscrasia;.  He  sought  Dr.  Brewer's  advice  for  a  catarrhal  condition  of 
the  mucous  membranes,  for  which  the  silver  was  recommended,  (The 
malady  and  its  changes  are  expunged  from  the  proving.)  In  considera- 
tion for  his  vocation  and  prejudice  a  low  trituration  was  ordered — i  gr. 
of  the  nitrate  of  silver  to  be  triturated  with  4  drachms  of  sugar  of  milk  \ 
of  this  trituration  i  gr.  to  be  taken  twice  daily.  Misapprehending  the 
directions,  he  took  i  gr.  of  the  nitrate  twice  a  d,  for  3  d.  2nd  d,,  felt 
tired  on  waking,  and  apathetic  in  mind  and  body,  but  believing  he 
might  have  taken  a  slight  cold  he  continued  the  nitrate  as  before.  3rd 
d.,  in  m,,  felt  so  ill  that  he  again  visited  his  doctor.  The  whole  head 
was  heavy  and  full,  but  frontal  sinus  the  focus  of  greatest  intensity. 
The  operations  of  the  mind  were  sluggish,  so  that  continued  thought 
required  special  effort  i  yet  when  the  mind  was  so  exerted  the  bad 
feelings  in  the  head  were  in  no  respect  enhanced.  He  stated  that  the 
compounding  of  a  prescription  was  peculiarly  irksome  at  the  time,  as 


162 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM, 


his  mind  would  aimlessly  wander  from  one  subject  to  another  unless  he 
exercised  constant  effort.  In  the  mouth  was  a  disagreeable  metallic 
taste»  The  tongue  was  red  and  clean,  the  throat  congested^  espe- 
cially at  the  posterior  part,  and  felt  hot  and  burning.  Deglutition 
unait'ected.  Tonsils  of  normal  si^e  and  appearance.  The  abdomen 
below  umbilicus  felt  distended,  or  as  if  there  was  a  weight  on  it.  This 
sensation  temporarily  abated  when  Hatus  was  passed,  the  flatus  being 
discharged  without  pain  and  without  effort.  The  bowels,  which  for 
weeks  had  been  moving  regularly  once  a  d.,  now  moved  more  fre- 
quently, there  being  two  stools  on  the  2nd  d.  and  four  on  the  jrd. 
The  stools  consisted  of  a  greenish  semi-solid  mass,  made  up  of  lumps 
of  undigested  food  and  mucus,  passed  with  some  flatus*  The  provcr 
was  quite  sure  that  their  odour  was  very  peculiar,  but  he  could  not 
describe  it.  Defaecation  was  free  from  tenesmus,  or  burning,  or  any 
other  abnormal  sensation.  On  the  anterior  wall  of  the  rectum,  about 
an  inch  above  the  sphincter,  was  a  hot  burning  spot  (prostate  gland  ?), 
unaffected  by  stooL  Dragging  and  weight  in  the  hypogastrium^ 
which  at  times  amounted  to  actual  burning  pain.  Micturition  tern* 
porarily  palliated  the  distress,  hence  the  prover  urinated  frequently,  yci 
the  urine  could  be  easily  retained  without  appreciably  affecting  the 
distress.  The  urethra  from  meatus  to  bladder  felt  hot  and  burning, 
but  at  the  meatus  and  below  the  scrotum  were  foci  of  greatest  imen* 
sity.  The  lower  extremities^  especially  the  legs,  were  fatigued  and 
seemed  too  weak  to  support  the  body*  At  times  they  felt  as  if  they 
would  suddenly  fail  him* 

This  ended  the  first  proving.  The  medicine  was  stopped*  Dn 
Brewer  says  he  "considered  it  desirable  that  the  prover  should  again 
take  silver,  but  in  the  dose  originally  recommended,  gr.  j^y  thrice 
daily."  He  does  not  mention  any  interval  as  taking  place  between 
the  discontinuance  of  the  larger  dose  and  the  commencement  of  this  j 
but  there  probably  was  one. 

b.  Second  proving. — Gr.  y^^-thVith  sugar  of  milk  thrice  daily.  5  d. 
later,  on  rising  in  m,,  weary  and  oppressed  in  body  and  mind.  His 
ambition  seemed  to  have  fled.  Even  trivial  duties  were  burdensome. 
He  only  desired  to  sit  and  think.  About  noon  small  running  chills 
developed  along  spine,  and  followed  each  other  in  rapid  succession  ; 
meantime  the  face  and  extremities  became  flushed  and  hot.  Towards 
6  the  chills  ceased  and  intense  sleepiness  set  in.  He  felt  that  he  could 
not  keep  awake  ;  notwithstanding,  on  retiring  he  remained  aurake 
thinking,  the  thinking  when  yielded  to  absorbed  the  desire  to  sleep. 
By  ID  he  had  become  so  engrossed  in  thought  that  restlessness  and  real 
wakefulness  followed.  This  continued  until  about  midnight,  when  he 
went  to  sleep.  The  sleep  was  disturbed  by  monstrous  dreams.  The 
condition  of  the  mind  in  sleep  seemed  but  an  extension  of  its  state  in 
working  hours,  for  the  patient  stated  that  all  through  d.  he  was  dis- 
inclined to  talk,  but  took  a  morbid  delight  in  building  air-castles.  The 
head  felt  dull  and  full.  No  visceral  tenets m us  or  burning.  The  bowels 
were  unaffected,  except  that  they  felt  oppressed  along  the  lower  half  of 
the  abdomen  ;  some  flatus  was  passed.  The  prover,  recognising  the 
effects  as  similar  to  those  of  the  previous  attack,  stopped  the  silver,  and 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM.  363 

reported  the  symptoms  as  recorded.     The  symptoms  at  once  decreased 
in  intensity,  and  in  2  d.  had  disappeared. 

c.  Third  proving, — 4  or  5  d.  later  the  dose  was  renewed.  3rd  d., 
on  waking  in  m.,  head  felt  full  and  confused ;  it  ached  all  over,  but 
with  increased  force  at  1.  frontal  eminence^  temple,  and  occiput.  He 
described  the  pain  as  heavy  aching.  At  indefinite  periods  the  occipital 
pain  would  cease,  and  the  pain  in  the  temples  increase.  The  pain  in 
the  1.  frontal  eminence  remained  constant  and  unvarying.  The  head 
felt  enlarged  and  weighty  ;  occasionally  slight  vertigo  suddenly  appeared 
and  ceased.  Some  relief  was  afforded  to  the  pain  by  tightly  binding 
or  pressing  the  head  ;  cold  air  also  palliated.  The  eyes  were  sensitive 
to  light,  and  smarted  and  burned  after  long  use.  The  lachrymal  secre- 
tion was  somewhat  increased.  Face  pale.  Peculiar,  foetid,  metallic 
taste  in  the  mouth.  Tongue  coated  at  base  with  yellow  fur,  and  felt 
dry  to  the  prover,  though  to  touch  and  sight  it  was  moist  :  tirooling 
during  sleep.  Slight  thirst.  Congestion  of  the  throat,  with  a  slight 
burning  soreness  on  the  right  side.  Dysphagia.  Slight  flatulent  dis' 
tension  of  the  lower  half  of  the  abdomen  :  it  felt  greatly  distended  and 
oppressed.  Emissions  of  flatus  temporarily  relieved  the  heaviness. 
Stool  normal.  The  urinary  organs  were  markedly  affected.  In  the 
urethra,  during  and  after*micturition,  there  was  an  intense  burning,  at 
times  amounting  to  a  stabbing  pain  \  there  was  also  a  sore  and  swollen 
feeling.  At  irregular  intervals  the  cremaster  muscle  would  contract 
spasmodically  and  draw  the  testicle  high  up  into  the  scrotum.  With 
this  spasm  a  drawing  pain  extended  into  the  testes.  Independent 
of  the  cremasteric  spasm,  although  sometimes  associated  with  it,  was  a 
pain  in  the  testes  and  scrotum,  as  from  pins  and  needles,  worse  in  the 
right  side.  The  lower  extremities,  and  especially  the  legs,  were  weak 
and  tired  as  after  prolonged  exercise,  yet  the  amount  of  exercise  taken 
had  not  been  unusual.  A  short  walk  exhausted.  He  said  he  felt  as 
though  he  had  experienced  a  long  illness.  In  the  afternoon  and 
e.  the  feet  were  cold.  In  the  lower  lumbar  and  sacral  regions  the  same 
lassitude  was  felt  as  in  the  gastrocnemii.  About  noon  small  chills 
developed  along  the  spine,  and  with  them  a  sensation  of  heat  and 
increased  lethargy.  The  hands  and  feet  were  not  cold  but  rather  hot, 
as  also  was  the  head.  The  chills  appeared  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
spine,  close  to  the  occiput,  and  extended  downward  to  the  extreme  end 
of  the  coccyx,  bnt  did  not  radiate  from  the  spine.  Warmth  dissipated 
them  for  a  time.  Neither  motion  nor  open  air  aflFected  them.  About 
5  o'clock  the  chills  subsided  ;  no  sweats  followed,  but  profound  sleepi- 
ness set  in,  a  sleepiness  so  intense  that  the  prover  retired  3  h.  earlier 
than  was  his  custom.  He  did  not  fall  asleep,  however,  but  only  lay 
enchanted  by  a  vivid  imagination.  This  elysian  state  lasted  till  nearly 
10  o'clock,  and  then  slowly  faded  away.  Then  the  prover  became 
restless — the  bed  felt  burning  hot,  the  legs  and  back  ached,  and  the 
brain  seemed  too  large  for  the  skull.  With  these  feelings  he  tossed 
about  till  near  midnight  before  sleep  came.  Before  falling  asleep  he 
noticed  that  the  palms  of  the  hands,  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and 
the  inner  sides  of  the  thighs  were  bathed  with  perspiration.  4th  d.,  med. 
discontinued.     All  symptoms  as  yesterday.     Sleep  disturbed  by  bad 


3^4 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM. 


dreams,  5th  d.,  a  burning  spot  is  noticed  in  fore  part  of  rectum,  about 
an  inch  above  the  sphincter,  and  is  aggravated  by  urinating.  Micturition 
is  more  frequent,  and  the  hypogastric  tenderness  is  increased.  The 
headache  has  become  intolerable.  Administered  1  drop  of  the  tinc- 
ture of  actaea  r.,  and  repeated  it  in  2  h*  This  removed  the  head- 
ache. Has  lascivious  dreams  during  sleep.  6th  d.^  the  headache  is 
gone  f  the  legs  are  less  weary,  but  the  lumbo^sacral  lassitude  persists. 
The  chill  appears  regularly  at  I2  m,,  and  ends  about  5  p.m.,  without 
sweating.  Dreamed  of  snakes  last  n*  The  rectal  burning  is  very 
annoying.  7th  d.,  no  change  from  yesterday's  condition  ;  stoob  nor- 
mal. Abdomen  still  distended  and  oppressed.  8th  d,,  same  as  yester- 
day* Chill  as  usual.  9th  d.,  the  rectal  burning  became  so  distressing 
that  I  prescribed  ac.  nitric,  i^,  gtt,  v  every  4  h.  loth  d*,  abdomen 
still  oppressed.  Chill  as  yesterday,  l  ith  d.,  weakness  in  sacrum  and 
legs  much  less  ^  the  chill  did  not  appear.  14th  d.,  ac.  n.  discontinued. 
Rectal  burning  nearly  gone.  22nd  d.,  burning  spot  in  rectum  occa- 
sionally felt,  especially  at  n.,  but  is  not  distressing.  25th  d.,  the 
prover  is  well  again.  (Dr.  E.  P,  Brewer,  in  Hahn,  Mmtkiyy  July, 
1883,) 

15,  Dr.  Lembke,  20th  Feb.,  9  a.m.,  took  20  drops  of  a  solution  of  t 
gr.  in  an  ounce  of  water,  21st,  8,30,  30  drops.  Almost  the  whole  d.  pres- 
sure and  heaviness  in  forehead,  heaviness  over  eyes,  which  were  not  freely 
opened,  aggravated  by  stooping.  Towards  e.  this  pain  abated*  About 
10.30  p.m.,  whilst  sitting,  suddenly  on  r.  parietal  bone  a  violent  drawing 
upwards  ^  immediately  after  pressure  in  L  side  of  forehead,  then  deep 
in  the  r,  wrist,  drawing  in  r.  side  of  lower  jaw  and  r.  knee.  To- 
day (22nd)  whilst  walking,  several  times  a  sensation  as  if  the  heart 
beat  once  or  twice  stronger,  without,  however,  any  hindrance  to  the 
walking,  or  any  oppression  of  the  breathing,  1 1  p.m.,  drawing  in  r. 
toes,  strong  pressure  at  the  top  of  1.  shoulder  when  the  arm  was  at  rest  j 
drawing  in  the  L  toes,  and  flying  about  to  the  parts  named,  noticed  first 
after  10  p.m.,  not  during  the  d.  Drawing  in  the  middle  of  lower  edge 
of  r.  orbit,  then  in  lower  jaw  both  r.  and  1.  side,  in  lower  molars,  then 
in  the  forehead.  Urine  dark  yeUow,  acid.  Shooting  pains  round  about 
r.  olecranon,  rather  violent  and  lasting  j  neither  movement  of  elbow 
nor  pressure  had  any  influence  on  the  pain,  but  it  was  somewhat 
increased  during  rest  of  the  joint,  23rd,  8  a.m.,  30  drops.  Tearing 
in  1,  side  of  forehead,  inside  1.  knee,  then  in  r.  knee,  8.30  a.m..,  sensa- 
tion in  upper  part  of  1.  forehead  like  a  moving  about  in  the  skin.  3  p.m., 
pressure  in  I.  shoulder-joint.  4.30  p.m.,  the  beating  in  the  forehead 
as  before,  lasted  i  h.  Drawing  on  under  edge  of  r  orbit  at  5  p.m.  and 
again  at  9.30.  Pressure  in  1.  wrist  at  10.30  p.m.  24th,  6  a.m.,  pain 
in  1.  side  of  forehead  as  above.  Tearing  in  internal  aspect  of  elbow. 
Pressure  in  r,  temple.  8.45,  30  drops.  Pressure  in  r,  temple.  10,30, 
frequent  micturition.  25th,  8  a.m.,  a  teaspoonful  of  above-named 
solution.  Pain  in  forehead  as  above.  9  a.m.,  drawing  in  1.  hand. 
About  4  p.m.  another  teaspoonful  ;  pressure  in  lower  edge  of  1.  orbit, 
and,  5  p.m.,  several  times  in  r,  wrist.  March  1st,  a  teaspoonful  at  7a,ra» 
8  a.m.,'  pain  in  forehead,  as  before  on  1,  side.  Weight  and  pressure  in 
fore  part  of  head,  lasting  whole  d.,  apparently  worse  on  going  into  open 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM.  365 

air,  leaving  off  towards  e.,  not  aggravated  by  eating.     9  p.m.,  violent 
shooting  in  inner  canthus  of  r.  eye  ;  during  the  forenoon  it  seemed  to 
me  that  I  passed  urine  more  frequently  and  more  copiously,  which  was 
darker  yellow  than  usual,  especially  in  proportion  to  the  quantity  of 
fluid  drunk.     In  e.,  on  the  other  hand,  there  was  strikingly  little 
urine,  contrary  to  habit.     On  2nd,  at  4  a.m.  and  6  a.m.,  urgency  to 
urinate,  with  very  little  urine,  which  was  dark  yellow.     4th,  0  a.m.,  a 
teaspoonful.  Drawing  in  skin  of  forehead  in  K  side  ;  in  skin  of  1.  cheek 
sensation  as  if  a  spider's  web  lay  on  it,  which  was  repeated.     Pressure 
on  r.  side  of  top  of  forehead,  and  in  r.  nipple  from  within  outwards. 
9  a.m.,  violent  pain  in  1.  wrist.     About  9  a.m.  strong  urgency  to 
micturate  ;  urine  copious,  bright  yellow  ;  weight  and  pressure  in  fore- 
head  lasting  all  d.     8th,  3  p.m.  (3  h.  after  food),  ^  a  teaspoonful  of  2 
gr.  in  5J  of  distilled  water.     About  6  p.m.  drawing  in  skin  of  1.  cheek 
and  in  1.  side  of  the  forehead.     loth,  6.30  a.m.,  i  teaspoonful.  Drawing 
in  skin  of  both    cheeks.     7   a.m.^  tearing  in   r.  tibia  and,  8    a.m., 
behind  r.  ear.  About  9  a.m.  very  tired  and  sleepy.  Pressure  in  1.  eyebrow. 
nth,  7  a.m.,  a  teaspoonful.     Pressure  in  r.  knee  8  a.m.     Boring  deep 
in  r.  orbit  on  lower  edge ;  pressing  drawing  through  the  whole  r.  arm 
8.30  a.m.,  sometimes  more  violent  on  back  of  hand  or  in  upper  arm  ; 
then  prickling  in  sole  of  r.  foot  while  sitting.     Pressure  in  1.  side  of 
frontal  bone,  especially  on  frontal  eminence,  sometimes  stronger,  then 
slighter ;   this  pain  persisted,  changing  sometimes  into  sensation  as  if 
there  was  a  band  over  forehead,  aggravated  by  motion.     Sticking  in 
point  of  1.  little  finger.     9  a.m.,  drawing  in  front  of  1.  lee.     i  p.m., 
pressing  together  in  the  whole  1.  leg  whilst  walking..    Violent  boring 
in  1.  forehead  whilst  walking  at  1.30,  and  directly  after  feeling  of  pres- 
sure on  chest,  without  palpitation,  causing  him  to  take  deep  breaths, 
lasted  i  h.,  came  and  went  whilst  walking,  returned  an  h.  afterwards, 
also  whilst  walking,  but  only  lasted  a  short  time.     During  the  whole  d. 
has  passed  urine  more  frequently  and  more  copiously.     9  p.m.,  sticking 
in  kiiuckles  of  third  right  finger  and  on  back  of  foot.     Pressure  in  1. 
side  of  the  forehead,  drawing  in  1.  cheek.     In  e.  unusually  great  hunger 
which  could  not  be  appeased;  also  in  m.  of  T2th.     In  n.  of  nth 
micturition  three  times,  much  urging  thereto,  but   little  urine  about 
5  p.m.     1 2th. — Violent  pressure  in  r.  knee,  also  whilst  walking,  lasted 
an  h.,  then  shooting  pain  deep  in  tongue,  lasting  about  an  h.     10  p.m.^ 
tearing  and  pressure  in  middle  of  lower  edge  of  r.  orbit  in  several 
attacks  whilst  sitting ;  touching  or  pressure  has  no  influence  ;  at  same 
time  much  thin  saliva  in  mouth,  and  again  shooting  deep  in  point  of 
tongue  with  a  bitterish  taste  or  like  soap  and  water.     Thereafter  pres- 
sure anteriorly  in  under  part  of  r.  leg,  and  then  the  same  pain  in  the 
r.  orbital  edge,  either  at  the  same  time  or  alternately  with  the  shooting 
in  the  tongue.     After  this  pressure  in  1.  ankle,  then  on  back  of  r.  foot, 
immediately  after  the  former  pain  in  orbital  edge.     1 1    p.m.,  whilst 
sitting,  these  pains  were  repeated  several   times,  then  drawing  in  all 
teeth  of  under  jaw,  but  pain  always  went  by  preference  to,  and  was 
most  frequent  and  most  violent  at,  the  lower  edge  of  the  r.  orbit ;  this 
last  pain  remained  when  I  went  to  bed  at  11.30.     Suddenly,  whilst 
lying  quite  quiet  on  the  back,  pressing  in  the  throat  and  violent,  short, 


366 


ARGENTUM   NITRICUM. 


dry  cough  without  tickling  in  the  larynx  ^  after  this  I  soon  went  to 
sleep.     Woke  in  n.  through  urging  to  urinate,  felt  the  former  pain  at 
the  orbital  edge,  but  the  cough   did   not  recur  at  all.     I3thj  7  a,m. 
Whilst  sitting,  drawing  in  L  instep.     8  a»m.,  a  teaspoonfuL     Boring 
in  L  frontal  eminence*     8.30  a»m.,  drawing  across  whole  forehead, 
lasted  to-day  only  a  short  time*     Early  urging  to  urinate»8,45.     About 
3  p.m.^  whilst  walking,  sensation  of  pressure  in  region  of  heart  without 
palpitation  or  cough  j  it  was  not  necessary  to  stop  whilst  walking,  but 
only  the  need  of  breathing  deeper  occurred,  and  the  same  condition 
remained  on  one  occasion  after  I  was  resting  quietly  in   my  room, 
15th,  8.30  a.m.,  '2  teaspoonfuls.     Pressure  in  r,  knee  whilst  sitting  and 
walking,  and  on  back  of  L  foot.     Drawing  in  r.  fingers.     Pressure  and 
drawing  across  forehead  and  beneath  1.  eye*     During  whole  d.  pressure 
and   weight  in  front  of  head,  worse  on  stooping.      Strong  pressure 
anteriorly  in  r,  leg,  later  in   L  knee,  6  p,m.     At   9    p.m,    drawing 
through  lower  incisor  teeth,  not  made  worse  either  by  cold  air  or  warm 
drink  ;  then  drawing  in  upper  part  of  chin,  under  the  skin.     i6th.— 
After  rising,  drawing  internally  in   middle  of  r.  upper  arm,  then  in 
muscles  of  r.  thigh,  inferiorly  and  internally,     6,30  a.m.,  2  teaspoonfuls. 
Boring  in  upper  half  of  K  eye  at  9  a,m.  and  later.     Drawing  in  1.  knee. 
To-day  and  on   17th,  here  and  there  as  if  a  plucking,  only  always  in 
little  spots,  of  upper  arm  or  thigh,  behind  ear,  on  1.  cheek,  burning  in 
tongue,  on  a  little  spot  of  back  of  one  or  other  hand,  on  inner  pro- 
tuberance of  knees,  whilst  sitting  and  walking  equally  frequent.     For 
several  d,  I  have  been  two  or  three  times  to  stool  daily  j  the  stools  were 
softer  than   usual,  no  difference  having  been   made  in  the  manner  of 
living.      17th. — At  I  p.m.,  whilst  sitting,  violent  shooting  and  tearing 
below  L  internal  ankle,  making  me  get  up  and  walk  about  quickly, 
with  which  the  shooting  and  drawing  gradually  passed  off.     At  5  p.m. 
same  pain  returned  but  less  strongly.     Later,  drawing  on  back  of  1. 
foot  and  in  second  joint  of  1.  forefinger.     At  8.30  p.m.,  whilst  walking, 
the  drawing  under  the  1.  inner  ankle  came  again  very  painfully,  also 
passing  off  during  walking.     In  n.,  on  waking,  the  same  sticking  in 
circumscribed  spots  of  limbs.     The  same  happened  also  on   18th  on 
little  isolated  spots  of  head  early  in  m.,  about   1   p.m.     Strong  boring, 
increasing  by  fits  and  starts,  at  the  top  of  r.  side  of  head  whilst  walking, 
also  on  one  quite  narrowly-bounded  spot  j  the  same   in  L  temple  at 
10  p.m  whilst  sitting,  and  after  i  h.  in  r.  temple.     Somewhat  later,  the 
same  pain  more  to  the  1.  in  the  forehead.     19th,  6.30  a.m.,  soon  after 
rising  the  same  pain  above  1.   ear.     8.30,  strong  pressure  in   pit  of 
stomach  for  a  few  m.  and  immediately  after  pressure  on  back  of  r.  foot. 
Drawing  in  L  thumb  and  on  back  of  r.  hand.     In  course  of  d.  same 
pains  in  head  as  yesterday  but  less  strong,  also  the  plucking  in  circum- 
scribed spots  in  the  limbs.     On  20th,  21st,  and  22nd,  before  6  a.m.,  I 
awaked  through  sudden  call   to  stool ;  the   evacuations  were  copious, 
bright  yellow,  half  liquid,  painless,  without  tenesmus  i  and  soon  after 
the  same  necessity  occurred  again,  sometimes  without  result,  besides  two 
stools  daily  j  no  alteration  being  made  in  the  diet ;  the  appetite  might 
be  called  slight.     The  plucking  in  various  circumscribed  spots  of  the 
limbs  and  head  occurred  on  these  days  also.     23rd,  9  a,m,,  a  bright 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


367 


yellow,  copious,  semi-lfquid,  peculiar  evacuation.     27th,  8*45  a»m.,  2 

tablespoonfuls  of  a  fresh  solution  of  2  grains  to  the  ounce  of  distilled 
water.  Between  11  and  r,  whilst  walking,  sensation  of  trembling  at 
heart  without  obliging  me  to  stand  still,  without  shortness  of  breath, 
occurring  several  times.  About  12,  whilst  walking,  pressure  on  a  little 
spot  on  back  of  1.  foot,  which  also  passes  oflF  whilst  walking,  without 
being  increased  by  any  motion  of  the  foot  ;  about  1.30  the  same  sen- 
sation whilst  sitting.  Repeated  severe  drawing  in  lower  incisors  whilst 
sitting,  not  aggravated  by  anything.  In  n,  and  on  m.  of  28th  frequent 
need  to  pass  water,  which  was  darker  than  usual  and  only  passed  in 
small  quantity.  28th,  8.30  a.m.,  2  teaspoonfuls*  At  9  a,m.  pressure 
in  L  forehead  and  r.  knee  j  boring  in  frontal  bone.  Shooting  in  point 
of  tongue,  repeated  several  times  later,  Frequent  urging  to  urinate  the 
whole  day.  Tearing  on  1*  side  of  skull  at  5  p.m.  and  in  r,  instep. 
Frequent  pinching  in  inner  corner  of  both  eyeballs.  About  8  p.m. 
boring  on  lower  edge  of  L  orbit,  then  strong  pressure  on  one  small 
spot  of  r.  shoulder.  About  g.30  p»m.  boring  at  both  sides  of  glabella, 
then  drawing  in  1.  toes»  29th,  7  a.m.,  boring  in  L  temple,  I,  side  of 
forehead  then  r.,  recurring  several  times  during  d.  8  p.m.,  violent 
boring  in  1.  temple,  10  p.m.  in  1.  shoulder-joint,  worse  by  moving  it. 
11  p.m.,  in  bed,  violent  boring  in  1.  temple  and  L  frontal  prominence. 
5.30  a.m,,  the  same  in  bed  and  after  rising  at  6  a.m.  30th,  7.30  a.m., 
2  teaspoonfuls.  Since  yesterday  I  noticed  in  the  1.  wrist,  on  bending 
it)  leaning  on  it,  &c.,  a  tension  and  stiiFness  with  a  deep-seated  pain, 
disappearing  towards  e.  7.45  a.m.,  a  slight  stool,  but  much  passage  of 
mucus  from  the  rectum.  Dull  pressure  in  r.  ankle  and  upper  half  of  r. 
patella.  8  a.m.,  whilst  sitting,  tearing  in  1.  frontal  eminence,  then  on 
right  cheek.  Drawing  through  end  of  urethra,  8.30,  creeping  inskia- 
of  1.  cheek.  Drawing  in  1,  toes,  on  r.  side  of  skull,  in  1.  shoulder,  in  1. 
frontal  eminence,  which  recurred  several  times  during  d.  7  p.m., 
whilst  walking,  violent  pricking  in  small  spot  now  over,  now  at  side  of 
r-  knee,  seemingly  in  the  skin,  9  p.m.,  pains  through  joints  of  1,  fore- 
finger, increased  by  bending  finger,  with  which  a  difficulty  in  moving 
joints  was  experienced  as  from  swelling,  which  also  lasted  till  m.  of 
31st.  31st,  7  a.m.,  2  teaspoonfuls.  Frequent  shooting  in  [r.  eyeball, 
tearing  on  r.  side  of  skull  in  various  small  circumscribed  spots.  8  a»m. 
pressure  in  1.  knee  and  r,  ankle  whilst  sitting,  later  in  r.  thigh.  Boring 
in  r.  temple  9  a.m.  All  these  pains  recurred  often  during 
2  p.m,,  whilst  sitting,  the  above  described  sensation  in  heart, 
1st-  6   a.m.,  on 


d.  At 
April 
rising  head  heavy^  and  tearing  in  it  as  yesterday, 
8  a.m.,  tearing  in  1.  ankle.  The  urine  passed  at  noon  is  slimy  and 
turbid,  and  the  vessel,  as  far  as  the  urine  reached,  was  coloured  with  a 
red  coating  ;  the  urine  passed  at  5  p.m.  is  clear  and  yellow.  On  all 
these  d.  stool  twice  daily,  in  other  respects  not  unusual  except  that  it 
was  softer,  2nd,  7.30  a.m.,  drawing  in  1,  shoulder,  1.  side  of  head, 
and  forehead,  8  a.m.,  i  tcaspoonful  (completing  the  ounce).  Drawing 
anteriorly  and  inferiorly  in  the  r,  leg  whilst  walking,  tearing  in  r. 
frontal  bone.  As  previously  the  pain  was  confined  to  one  small  spot. 
The  aiFection  of  the  L  index  finger  noticed  on  March  30th  lasted  till 
to-day.      Boring  in  r.  temple;    shooting   in    tip  of  tongue,   9    a.m. 


368 


ARGENTUM    NITRICUM. 


a  p.m.,  violent  boring  above  L  eyebrow.  In  L  cheek  a  wandering 
pain  nice  a  creeping.  5  p.m.,  wandering  boring  in  upper  half  of  fore- 
head. Drawing  through  L  lower  1  imb  whilst  sitting,  and  in  L  little  finger, 
which  is  painful  when  moved.  1 1  p.m.,  violent  boring  in  1,  temple^ 
then  the  same  pain,  but  constant,  two  or  three  fingers'  breadths 
above  n  ear.  In  e.  pain  in  1.  forefinger  had  almost  entirely  ceased. 
3rd,  7  a.m.,  small,  hard  stool,  but  much  mucus  from  rectum.  Drawing 
in  1.  toes.  Shooting  in  tip  of  tongue.  Boring  in  temples  and  head  as 
yesterday,  and  in  e.  violent  drawing  through  whole  r,  lower  limb  whilst 
sitting ;  whilst  vt^lking,  in  1.  Cdli  a  peculiar  sensation  like  shootings 
also  like  a  hot  fluid  running  over  the  skin.  6  p.m.,  drawing  through 
lower  incisor  teeth  with  a  sensation  of  their  being  raised.  4th,  in  nu 
on  rising,  tearing  on  top  of  head,  and  about  8  a.m.  a  stronger  tearing 
across  skull.  Drawing  in  knees  and  r.  thumb.  Boring  in  frontal 
prominences,  fore  part  of  head  heavy.  Tearing  here  and  there  in 
forehead  all  d.  If  pain  in  head  ceased  for  any  time,  drawing  occurred 
in  the  finger-joints,  or  in  one  knee,  or  in  a  little  spot  of  r.  upper  arm 
a  plucking  as  before  described,  or  a  similar  pain  in  one  leg.  On  all 
these  days  frequent  urging  to  urinate,  l^owards  9  p.m.  pains  in  forehead 
ceased,  has  remained  here  and  there  in  limbs*  10  p.m.,  violent  shooting 
in  r.  eyeball*  In  1.  arm  much  pain  on  bending  it  or  leaning  on  it,  as  on  a 
former  occasion,  recurred  again  on  5th.  Violent  shooting  in  r.  eye  on 
5th.  6th,  II  p.m.,  I  teaspoonful  of  a  3  grains  to  the  ounce  solution. 
No  pains,  jth.^ — On  rising,  heaviness  and  pressure  in  forehead,  drawing 
on  1.  cheek,  boring  in  1.  frontal  eminence,  drawing  in  r.  toes  and  r, 
forearm.  8.30  a.m.,  i  teaspoonful.  Anteriorly  and  inferiorly  in  r, 
leg,  pressure  on  one  circumscribed  spot,  several  times;  then  in  1. 
inner  ankle,  and  in  1.  shoulder.  Boring  in  1.  frontal  eminence,  in  head 
two  fingers*  breadth  above  the  r.  ear,  and  in  r.  shoulder.  12  noon, 
much  clear  urine,  frequent  urination.  Whilst  walking  a  pressing  pain 
came  on  in  the  soft  parts  below  and  in  front  of  L  trochanter,  which 
when  stepping  caused  the  joint  to  bend  under  him,  which  did  not  recur 
at  each  step,  or  each  movement,  yet  happened  very  frequently.  Boring 
in  r.  upper  orbital  edge.  3  p*m.,  whilst  walking,  pain  in  1.  calf  as  in 
cramp»  Shooting  in  1.  cheek  several  times,  in  point  of  tongue,  and  in 
1.  toes,  8th. — Before  taking  dose  some  pains  in  cheeks,  ankles,  and 
shoulders,  7.30  a.m.,  a  teaspoonful.  9  a.m.,  shooting  and  drawing  in 
1,  cheek.  Drawing  in  outer  edge  of  r.  foot  and  1.  side  of  forehead. 
Pressing  in  I.  wrist  and  r.  knee,  equally  strong  whilst  walking  or  sitting, 
also  frequently  later  in  the  d.  Violent  boring  in  1.  temple  at  noon. 
Frequent  shooting  deep  in  I.  ear.  Whilst  walking,  on  outer  side  of  1, 
calf,  in  a  small  spot,  violent  pain  compelling  him  to  bend  the  leg  j  also, 
whilst  standing,  same  pain  ;  it  lasted  a  few  m.  and  then  went  away 
entirely.  Violent  boring  on  r.  side  of  back  of  head  j  4  p.m.,  in  r. 
shoulder.  Drawing  in  r.  fingers.  7  p.m,,  urging  to  urinate,  copious 
bright-yellow  urine.  Oppressive  feeling  at  heart  without  dyspnoea  i 
even  quick  walking  is  quite  possible  without  causing  aggravation^ 
9  p.m.,  whilst  sitting,  same  violent  pain  in  outer  side  of  1.  calf.  Strong 
shooting  deep  in  I.  side  of  chin,  then  through  the  r,  molar  teeth,  then 
in  upper  back  teeth.      10  p.m.,  whilst  sitting,  strong  pressure  in  soft 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


parts  above  r.  knee-joint,  in  1.  Jittle  finger  and  back  of  r.  foot ;  these 
were  all  repeated.  11,30  p.m.,  in  bed,  the  pain  over  the  knee-joint^ 
also  the  following  m.  on  rising,  and  subsequently.  9th,  7  a.m.,  draw- 
ing, anteriorly  and  inferiorly,  in  I,  leg,  in  under  part  of  K  forearm,  in 
several  finger-joints,  in  1,  side  of  forehead,  and  joint  of  1,  knee,  equally 
strong  whether  sitting  or  walking;  also  frequently  recurring  later. 
Boring  in  upper  and  lower  r,  orbital  edge,  later  over  I.  ear,  and  higher 
up.  Here  and  there  creeping  drawing  in  skin  of  front  and  I.  side  of 
nose.  Otherwise  the  same  pains  as  yesterday*  10  p*m,,  burning  in 
tip  of  tongue,  and  a  peculiar  bitter  taste  (but  not  that  of  arg.  nit.)  so 
long  as  the  burning  lasted.  loth,  6  a.m.,  on  rising,  much  shooting  in 
I.  eyeball,  more  especially  in  its  under  part.  8  a.m.,  boring  on  r.  side 
of  top  of  head.  Drawing  on  r.  cheek.  Boring  deep  in  both  sides  of 
chin.  The  heart  affection  was  felt  frequently  to-day  as  yesterday.  In 
general  to-day  weariness  and  heaviness  of  limbs.  Much  inclination  to  fall 
asleep  whilst  sitting,also  yesterday.  Two  or  three  liquid  stools  daily^  much 
mucus.  1 1  th,  8  a.m.,  very  violent  and  lasting  pains,  shooting  and  beating, 
in  tip  of  1.  forefinger  for  5  m.  Boring  in  1,  frontal  eminence.  In  e.  some 
pains  in  limbs.  12th,  5.30  a.m.,  in  bed,  violent  boring  in  1.  outer  ankle, 
and  in  1,  shoulder,  at  8  a.m.  in  r.  side  of  head  and  1.  wrisL  The  heart 
pain  as  on  former  days.  Violent  shooting  and  drawing  in  r,  toes* 
Violent  tearing  on  head,  now  on  r.  side,  now  on  1,,  also  at  n  p.m.  on 
1.  frontal  eminence.  10  p.m.,  indications  of  the  pain  so  powerfully 
felt  behind  and  below  inner  L  ankle  on  March  17th.  Drawing  in  back 
of  foot  and  in  toes  of  I.  side,  11  p.m.,  strong  boring  in  r.  upper  orbital 
edge«  13th.— Much  weariness  and  inclination  to  sleep  whilst  sitting  ; 
also  former  pains.  The  same  on  the  14th.  15th,  8.30  a.m.,  r  tea- 
spoonfuL  Boring  in  r.  elbow  ;  burning  in  tip  of  tongue  ;  pressure  and 
drawing  in  I.  frontal  prominence,  L  ankle,  in  soft  parts  of  one  or  other 
thigh,  always  in  the  small  spot  ;  drawing  in  the  I.  toes,  in  one  little  spot 
of  one  or  other  calf,  pressure  in  front  of  1.  knee,  in  various  parts  of 
dorsal  muscles,  and  on  top  of  shoulders.  Also  whilst  walking  pressure 
in  knee  came  on,  stronger  whilst  stepping ;  the  pains  generally  came 
on  whilst  sitting  as  during  motion.  Drawing  on  1.  cheek  and  top  of 
I,  side  of  the  head.  Several  times  shooting  in  I  eyeball.  Boring  in  r. 
upper  orbital  edge  and  on  frontal  bone.  These  pains  were  felt  the 
whole  d,  with  little  intermission,  always  in  the  same  circumscribed 
spot.  In  n.  many  dreams  {which  seldom  happens  with  me)  of  places 
where  I  was  once,  of  persons  whom  I  likewise  saw  once  ;  everything 
relating  to  time  and  proportion  was  tangled  and  confused,  i6th. — 
Before  taking  the  dose  some  of  the  above-mentioned  pains.  8,30,  i 
teaspoonfuL  9  a.m.,  on  I.  side  of  the  top  of  the  head  a  drawing  like  a 
creeping  prickling ;  then  same  in  front  of  and  over  the  r.  ear.  Draw- 
ing and  pressure  in  frontal  bone,  in  several  spots  of  one  or  other  fore- 
arm, also  in  one  leg,  and  in  r.  side  of  nape  of  neck  below  hair  border. 
3  p.m.,  persistent  tickling  in  larynx  ;  inspiration  did  not  increase  it, 
but  rather  seemed  to  lessen  it ;  short  dry  barking  cough,  scarcely  ever 
ensued  whilst  sitting  ;  I  had  not  been  speaking  continuously  or  anything 
of  the  sort.  Drawing  on  1.  side  of  top  of  skull,  extending  downwards 
to  above  and  behind  the  1*  ear  ;  pressure  did  not  aggravate  it.     4  p.m.. 


370 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


■ 


shooting  in  knuckles  of  r,  hand.     1 7th. — Several  of  the  above  sym- 
ptoms.     Burning  shooting  in  1.  zygoma,  then  in  r,  at  5  p.m*  on  outer 
edge  of  I.  orbit.     Shooting  in  tip  of  tongue,  also  in  c»     6  p.in.,  strong 
boring  in  r.  temple.     9  p*m.,  pricking  deep  in  r,  car.     Strong  tearing 
and  boring  in  upper  part  of  forehead  on  1.  side,  and  U  zygoma.     Prick- 
ing in  1.  inner  canthus.     In  first  part  of  night  restless  dreams  of  long 
faintly  illuminated  walks,  along  virhich  glided  peculiarly  clothed  figures, 
which  on  my  advancing  to  meet  them  receded,  and  on  my  retreating 
followed  me  at  same  distance.     On  waking,  tearing  on  one  side  of  head, 
i8th,  7  a,m.,  tearing  on  I  side  of  head,  on  back  of  r.  foot,  and  on  lower 
and  fore  part  of  r.  leg.  Pressure  on  r.  wrist.  8  a.m.,  i  teaspoonful.  Boring 
in  temples  and  1.  frontal  bone ;  pressure  in  knees  on  sitting  or  walking. 
The  former  pains  :  pains  in  joints,  soft  parts  of  arms  and  legs,  always  iji 
single  isolated  spots.     19th,  6  a,m.,  in  bed,  tearing  in  head,  in  temples, 
and  in  first  phalanx  of  L  forefinger.     Boring  in  back  of  r.  foot,  directed 
inwards  whilst  sitting.     8  a.m.,   1    teaspoonful,  which  completes  the 
ounce.     Boring  in  temples  and  shoulders  ;  shooting  in  zygomas,  drawing 
behind  and  below  r.  inner  ankle.     9  a.m.,  the  former  pains  are  repeated, 
especially  much  drawing  in  fore  part  of  head  with  pressure  and  heavi* 
ness,  lasted  several  h,,  equally  severe  whether  sitting  or  walking  ;  also 
at    1 1   p.m.  some  pains.     Stool   all  these  d.   normal.     General  health 
undisturbed.     20th. — In  m.  languid,  great  inclination  to  rest.     8  a.m*, 
from  r.  nostril  a  few  drops  of  blood  came  out  without  blowing,  touching, 
or  moving  it,  or  anything  of  the  kind.     Pains  in  forehead,  check,  and 
limbs  ;  much  yawning  and  sleepiness  in  forenoon  ;  frequent  shooting 
in  meatus  of  urethra  ;  also  11  p.m.  in  bed.     Violent  pressing  in  lower 
and  anterior  part  of  r,  leg.     21st,  6  a.m.,  in  bed,  violent  boring  in  r, 
frontal  eminence  to  side  of  head  ;  shooting  in  tip  of  tongue  several 
times.     The  former  pains,  but  moderate.     22nd,  8  a.m.,  one  teaspoon- 
ful of  fresh  solution  of  3  grains  to  the  ounce.     Even  before  the  dose, 
some  pains  in  the  toes  and  knees,  shooting  in  tip  of  tongue  ;   violent 
shooting  deep  in  r.  car  and  around  it  at  10  a.m.     Pressure  in  front  of 
r.  knee  continued,  appearing  and   vanishing  whilst  walking*     2  p.m., 
drawing  pain  in  little  spots  in  soft  parts  of  thighs  and  calves,  especially 
in  upper  part  of  1.  thigh  j  also  on  m,  of  23rd.     23rd,  8.30  a.m.,  i 
teaspoonful.     Boring  on    both    sides  of  1.    tendo  Achillis  j    frequent 
urging  to  urinate  and  shooting  in  tip  of  tongue ;  drawing  in  r.  upper 
teeth  5  p.m.  several  limes,  also  in  lower  right  back  teeth  ;  cold  or  heat 
had   no  effect.     Towards   5  a.m.  violent  pricking  in  rectum,  which 
recurred  on  24th  after  rising.     Boring  in  r.  ankle,  in  1.  upper  orbital 
edge,  in  front  of  the  1.  ear  and  in  several  finger-joints.     25th. — The 
same.     26th,  8  a.m.,  a  teaspoonful.     The  same  pains  on  the  frequently 
indicated  spots.     Stool  since  last  mention  always  slimy.     In  e,  and  in 
m.  of  27th,  in  bed,  some  pains  in  limbs  and  head.     27th,  8  a.m.,  I 
teaspoonful.      Before  dose  boring  and   tearing  in  several  spots  of  leg, 
fingers,  forehead,  and  sides  of  head.     Shooting  in  1.  eyeball.     Remark- 
ably violent  pressing  at  same  time  in  both  elbows  and  into  the  forearms, 
9  a.m.     Boring  in  frontal  eminences,  zygomas,  and  knees,  as  before, 
behind  and  below  J.  inner  ankle,  whilst  walking  at  noon,  more  violent 
than  the  last  time.     Violent  lasting  shooting  in  the  last  phalanges  of 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


3r« 


the  I,  forefinger ;  later  the  same  in  the  first  r  loe.  Towards  c.  on 
two  occasions  palpitation  by  movement  of  the  body,  28th, — The 
same  pains^  only  feebler,  especially  in  the  e.  for  several  h. ;  much 
shooting  and  burning  in  the  r.  eyelids.  29th,  845  a.m.,  1  tcaspoonful. 
Just  before  talcing  dose  pains  in  the  joints  and  face.  Otherwise  ihe 
same  pains  as  on  the  27th,  30th,  8.30  a.m.,  2  teaspoonfuls,  which 
completed  the  ounce.  Boring  in  r.  lower  orbital  edge  and  behind  and 
below  K  inner  ankle-bone  whilst  walking,  9  a.m*,  with  which  the  pain, 
so  to  say,  was  felt  in  the  heart,  and  in  the  chest  a  kind  of  unrest  arose 
which  absolutely  compelled  me  to  walk  about  ;  the  same  took  place  at 
the  other  times  when  this  pain  occurred.  Palpitation  and  feeling  of 
uneasiness  in  heart,  as  well  when  standing  as  in  gentle  motion,  several 
times.  Frequent  urination.  Shooting  in  r.  eyeball,  4  p.m.,  afterwards! 
the  other  pains  in  limbs  and  tip  of  tongue.  May  ist. — Marked  boring^ 
in  circumscribed  spots  of  single  joints  and  soft  parts  of  limbs,  in  fore- 
head, and  side  of  head*  Strong  scent  seemed  to  increase  considerably 
these  head  pains,  and. — Same  pains,  especially  boring  in  several  parts 
of  head,  3  p.m.,  tickling  in  larynx  and  spasmodic  cough,  3rd. — Same 
pains  ;  also  pressure  in  stomach  in  several  attacks  without  any  known 
dietetic  cause.  On  all  these  d.  frequent  urging  to  urinate  with 
copious  urine,  bright  yellow  and  acid.  The  quantity  is  considerably 
increased  compared  with  the  fluid  imbibed,  4th, — The  same  pains* 
May  5th,  8.30  a.m.,  1  teaspoonful  of  a  4  grains  to  the  ounce 
solution,  The  same  pains.  6th,  3  p.m.,  a  teaspoonful.  Urine  not 
increased,  7th,  3  p.m.,  i  teaspoonful.  After  this  marked  frequency 
of  urging  to  urinate  ;  urine  copious,  yellow  j  after  urinating  cutting  at 
meatus  of  urethra.  Frequent  palpitation  on  slight  agitation  and  also 
by  more  rapid  movements.  After  this  the  former  pains.  8th. — The 
same  pains,  also  palpitation,  as  yesterday.  9th,  8.50  a.m.,  i  teaspoonful. 
Shooting  in  r.  toes  ;  pressure  in  both  wrists.  Boring  in  various  places 
of  head,  in  n  cheek,  r.  knee.  r.  temple,  on  a  little  spot  of  outer  side  of , 
r*  calf.  All  these  pains  were  repeated.  Several  n.  cramp  in  the  calves. 
4  p.m.,  I  teaspoonful.  Besides  the  other  pains  marked  boring  in  frontal 
prominences,  on  upper  orbital  edge,  especially  L  ;  also  again  at  10  p.m. 
At  6  p*m.,  whilst  walking,  violent  pain  in  muscles  on  1.  side  under  arm, 
along  under  part  of  chest  to  lumbar  muscles,  increased  by  each  breath, 
lasting  S  m.,  and  being  increased  by  walking.  Boring  in  the  lower 
inner  1.  orbital  edge,  11  p.m.,  repeated  in  the  course  of  the  d.  loth, 
8,30  a.m,,  I  teaspoonful,  and  9  a.m.,  i  teaspoonful,  which  completed 
the  ounce.  The  same  pains  as  yesterday,  especially  the  boring  in  the 
lower  inner  orbital  edge  of  both  sides  ;  subsequently  below  and  behind 
1.  inner  ankie  whilst  walking,  in  various  parts  of  the  frontal  bone,  the 
pains  equally  frequent  whether  walking  or  sitting.  A  strong  cold  wind 
which  lasted  several  d.  brought  on  no  increase  of  the  pains.  About 
2  p.m.  much  tickling  in  the  larynx  without  cough.  In  n.  of  1 1  th  many 
dreams.  On  the  m.  of  i  ith  palpitation  on  slight* movement,  the  former  I 
pains  being  repeated,  Pricking  in  rectum.  12th. — Same  pains.  Shooting 
several  times  in  rectum  and  L  eyeball.  On  following  d,  urine  much  more 
scanty  and  dark.  There  appeared,  now  and  then,  pains  up  till  27th  in 
limbs  and  head,  especially  boring  in  the  forehead  and  side  of  the  head« 


w 
^ 


^ 


372 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


I 


There  were  taken  altogether  15  gr,  of  argent,  nit.     The  weather 

caused  no  amelioration  of  the  symptoms.  Coffee  seemed  some- 
times to  aggravate  -,  but  1  am  not  quite  sure  of  this — for  I  drank,  since 
March  1st,  in  the  m.  and  after  midday  a  coffee  made  of  cocoa-husks  or 
barley.  The  I.  side  appeared  to  be  more  frequently  and  powerfully 
affected.  The  pains  also  came  on  in  n.,  but  more  frequently  during  a. 
They  were  as  frequent  and  strong  during  rest  as  during  motion.  The 
mucous  membranes  were  not  very  much  affected,  only  the  increase  in 
the  quantity  of  the  urine  was  conspicuous.  The  action  was  powerfully 
manifested  in  the  nerves  of  the  head,  face,  under-jaw,  and  upper  and 
lower  h'mbs.  The  back  gave  little  sign  of  being  affected  ;  on  one  occa- 
sion, however,  it  was  the  seat  of  very  painful  symptoms.  The  action 
on  heart  and  larynx  was  decided*  Shooting  in  the  ears  and  eyeballs, 
no  symptoms  in  the  conjunctiva.  The  pains  in  the  limbs  were  especially 
on  little  circumscribed  spots,  frequently  changing  their  seat  \  never- 
theless, under  the  date  30th  of  March,  we  read  of  very  long-lasting 
symptoms.  The  most  violent  pains  were  those  of  the  upper  and  lower 
orbital  edges,  In  the  forehead,  and  below  and  behind  the  1.  ankle.  {Nttu 
Zeitschr,/,  Horn,  Klin.^  xi,  130.) 

16.  Dr.  Byres  Moir  took  ist  trit.  for  several  d,,  in  doses  of  gr,  iss 
to  gr,  iij,  but  the  results  were  too  meagre  and  dubious  to  be  recorded. 
(Dr.  Clarke's  provings,  communicdUdJ) 

17,  W.  F.  C — y  i8j  medium  height,  slight,  fair  hair,  dark  eyes, 
nervous-sanguine.  Has  had  sorethroat  lately,  but  has  been  well  of  it 
some  weeks.  Is  subject  to  headaches.  On  Aug.  27th,  commenced  to 
prove  3rd  dil.,  taking  10  drops  in  J  oz.  of  distilled  water  at  1 1  p.m.,  before 
retiring.  The  dose  was  repeated  on  seven  consecutive  n.  The  symptoms 
continued  for  one  or  two  weeks  after  the  medicine  was  stopped,  ist  d,, 
clayey  taste  in  mouth  immediately  after  dose.  The  same  taste  was 
noted  after  the  dose  the  following  n.  2nd  d,,  dry  sensation  in  the 
throat.  Pharynx  reddened.  3rd  d.,  throat  feels  well,  and  is  not  so 
red.  On  each  posterior  pillar  of  the  fauces  is  a  long  white  patch,  as  if 
they  had  been  touched  with  solid  nitrate.  Just  after  tea  (5.30  p.m.) 
noticed  his  palate  felt  sore  and  swollen.  On  examination  it  was  found 
quite  white  as  if  it  had  been  cauterised,  and  somewhat  swollen,  ^h^ 
pharynx  was  at  this  time  red,  the  white  patches  were  gone  from 
the  fauces.  In  the  m.  I  had  touched  the  under  surface  of  the  tongue 
with  the  cork  of  the  bottle  containing  the  tincture  being  proved, 
moistened  with  the  tincture  undiluted.  By  the  afternoon  this  spot 
was  found  to  be  becoming  white.  On  the  following  d.  (4th)  the  spot 
was  still  distinguishable  by  its  whiteness  from  the  surrounding  mucous 
membrane.  The  whiteness  of  this  spot  was  never  so  dense  as  that  of 
the  patches  on  the  pillars  of  the  fauces  and  palate.  This  experiment 
was  made  to  try  how  far  the  phenomena  of  the  fauces  and  palate  might 
be  due  to  the  local  action  of  the  tincture  in  passing  over  the  surfaces 
whilst  being  swalloweA  The  fine  mucous  membrane  under  the  tongue 
would  show,  I  thought,  any  local  effects  the  tincture  might  be  capable  of 
producing.  There  was  no  immediate  effect  when  I  touched  it  with 
the  undiluted  tincture.  Nothing  was  felt  and  nothing  was  seen;  and 
I  was  not  a  little  astonished  in  the  e.  to  find  a  distinct  though   faint 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM, 


373 


white  mark  at  the  spot  I  had  touched*  It  was  not  nearly  so  densely 
white  as  the  patches  in  the  pharynx  and  paJate.  On  the  5th  d,  pharynx 
very  sore  again  in  afternoon  ;  red ;  and  at  root  of  left  posterior  pillar 
a  milky  patch.  6th  d.,  throat  feels  sore,  white  patch  all  but  gone. 
On  going  to  bed  last  n,  a  stuffed  sensation  in  the  chest,  as  if  in  for  a 
bad  cold.  Out  of  sorts  all  to*day»  7th  d.^  much  rumbling  of  flatus 
in  the  n.  Eyes  bloodshot  in  the  m.  The  eyes  became  worse.  On  the 
8th  and  9th  d.  could  not  read  at  n.,  and  on  the  9th  he  had  smarting  ;  on 
nth  eyes  almost  clear,  10th  d*,  teeth  inclined  to  ache,  12th,  the  same 
on  the  r,  side,  20th  d.,  throat  and  oesophagus  sore  and  burning.  I 
now  gave  him  Ars.  6,  gtt.  j  t.  d,,  and  in  the  e,  the  burning  sensation 
was  all  gone.  The  pharynx  remained  congested  and  tender  long  after 
the  proving.     {Ibid,) 

18.  Dr,  J.  H.  Clarke,  28,  medium  size,  spare,  sanguine*nervou6, 
being  in  perfect  health,  except  for  slight  afternoon  flatulence,  and  an 
undefined  feeling  of  oppression  at  the  epigastrium,  soon  passing  away, 
noticed  each  afternoon  for  some  d*  previously,  began  to  prove  argent* 
nit,,  Aug.  17th,  1881,  The  proving  lasted  19  d,,  the  effects  31  d.  The 
dilution  taken  was  the  6th  centesimal,  and  the  dose  10  to  12  drops  in 
an  ounce  of  distilled  water,  between  11.30  p,m.  and  i  a.m,,  just  before 
retiring,  ist  d.,  soon  after  the  dose  a  sensation  of  warmth  at  the  epi- 
gastrium. 14  h.  after,  a  styptic  sensation  in  throat.  A  metallic-astrin- 
gent taste  was  noticed  after  the  dose  all  through  the  proving,  and  at 
length  became  persistent.  On  the  1 0th  d.  it  was  noticed  that  warm 
tea  seemed  to  develop  it.  On  9th  and  13th  d.  a  feeling  as  if  cauterised 
noticed  in  uvula.  On  16th,  17th,  and  iSth  days  the  taste  of  silver  was 
very  strong,  8th  d,,  fine  superficial  sticking  in  eighth  rib  about 
centre,  at  times  during  d.  9th  d,,  pricking  in  the  eyes,  iith  d,, 
sneezing  and  coryza.  14th  d.,  eyes  gummed,  smarting  on  waking, 
better  after  getting  up.  Pricking  in  I,  eye.  Headache  over  coronal 
sutures,  passing  to  eyes  and  root  of  nose.  4  p,m,,  sore  pain  in 
upper  and  inner  part  of  r.  eye  when  reading,  15th  d.j  aching  in  r.  eye 
and  nose,  with  same  kind  of  headache,  17  th  d,,  eyes  smart  on  closing 
them,  1 8th  and  19th  d.,  very  bloodshot,  smart  by  gaslight,  20th  d,, 
much  better.  21st  d,,  gone  on  rising,  24th  d.,  painful.  loth  d,, 
pricking  itching  in  a  minute  spot  at  back  of  neck,  among  the  hair  near 
hair  border.  Tenderness  of  tendons  at  back  of  r.  index  finger.  Slight 
aching  in  r,  molar  teeth,  in  good  condition,  nth  d«,  slight  transient 
aching  in  K  teeth.  Tenderness  of  tendons  at  back  of  1.  middle  and  r. 
index  fingers  continues,  with  hvpera^sthesia  of  skin  over  them.  The 
hypera?sthesia  extends  up  in  a  line  from  the  finger  to  the  outer  con- 
dyle. During  the  d.  the  hyperarsthesia  spread  all  over  dorsum  of  r. 
hand  to  ulnar  side,  all  up  back  of  forearm,  outer  side  of  upper  arm, 
shoulder,  and  r,  side  of  face.  The  finger-joints  became  tender  and 
stiff;  outer  side  of  head  of  ulna  and  olecranon  very  tender  to  touch. 
Shooting  pain  through  metacarpo-phalangeal  joint  of  index  finger,  felt 
also  at  elbow.  The  skin-sensation  was  like  that  of  erysipelas,  increased 
sensitiveness  with  diminished  power  of  distinguishing  sensations — a 
hyperaesthetic-ansesthetic  condition — without  any  objective  symptoms* 
Immediately  after  e.  dose  metallic  taste  with  oppression  and  pain  as  if 


374- 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


indigestion,  slight  nausea,  burning  of  forepart  of  tongue.  Spread  of 
hypenesthesia  to  r.  side  of  body,  dull  pressive  headache  (r.  side),  scalp 
tender,  12th  d,,  hyperaesthetic  sensation  increased.  Slight  tic  (shoot* 
ing  pain)  in  face,  not  in  head  ;  head  tender  to  cold,  SHght  stiffness  in 
finger-joints.  R,  arm  tender,  and  slightly  painful,  especially  at  shoulder, 
to  move,  7  p,m*,  hyperaesthesia  affects  outer  side  of  L  hand,  and  skin 
over  distal  end  of  1.  ulna.  Metacarpo-phalangeal  joints  of  3rd  and  4th  I. 
fingers  tender.  10.30  p.m.,  under  1.  eye  an  elevated  spot,  size  of  split 
pea,  with  red  base,  looking  like  a  blister,  but  only  semi-fluid.  It  was  seen 
before  felt.  There  was  a  little  burning,  (This  was  unlike  any  urti- 
carious  spot  I  have  seen,  and  I  never,  to  my  knowledge,  had  anything 
of  the  kind  before,  though  I  have  frequently  since,  and  do  now — 1883 
— very  rarely.)  On  the  13th  d.  this  spot  had  nearly  gone,  and  another 
appeared  on  margin  of  r.  lower  eyelid.  On  the  22nd  day,  on  both  lower 
eyelids,  on  tarsal  edges  below  the  lashes,  a  spot  of  the  same  kind.  In 
e,  throat  felt  dry.  On  examining  it  a  small  irregularly  oval  white  patch 
is  seen  at  the  back  of  the  pharynx  looking  exactly  as  if  it  had  been 
touched  with  lunar  caustic,  14th  d,,  pricking  in  the  throat  making  the 
r.  eye  water.  13th  d.,  all  symptoms  lessened :  no  dose  taken  the  pre- 
vious n.  Sick  feeling  in  m,  and  afternoon,  coming  between  meals  and 
not  interfering  with  the  appetite,  which  is  as  good  as  usual*  Muscles 
of  r.  side  of  neck  sore  and  stiff.  Skin  of  r.  shoulder  tender,  irritated 
by  brace,  though  r.  brace  not  tighter  than  L,  aching  pain  on  motion  and 
tenderness  of  muscles  at  back  of  r.  scapula.  Tenderness  gone  from 
hand  and  ulna  (r.  i).  Pain  in  middle  of  back.  14th  d.,  irritable  urti- 
carious  spot  back  of  r.  shoulder.  Muscles  of  shoulder  still  sore.  Itching 
in  perinaeum,  i6th  d,,  slight  return  of  hypersesthesia  in  r.  arm  ;  it  had 
almost  vanished,  soreness  of  muscles  gone.  Burning  in  back  of  arms 
after  dinner,  17th  d.,  increase  of  hyperassthesia  of  r.  arm,  especially 
outer  side  of  elbow.  On  19th  d.  it  was  very  marked  in  r,  arm  and  felt 
slightly  in  face*  On  23rd  d.  it  returned  again  ;  24th  d.,  it  was  gone 
except  from  a  patch  on  back  of  r,  arm.  On  the  27th  d.  it  returned 
again  with  slight  tenderness  of  small  joints,  and  in  e.  was  very  bad. 
On  the  30th  d.  it  was  all  gone.  Shoot  in  r.  side  of  face  over  ramus  of 
jaw,  15th  d,,  pains  round  the  loins  passing  off  into  flatus.  This 
recurred  frequently  afterwards.  On  the  i6th  d.  pain  was  as  of  slight 
band  across  loins.  There  was  an  aching  in  centre  of  back  ;  and  a  dull 
pain  in  sacrum.  On  the  17th  d,  there  was  general  weakness  of  lower 
limbs  ^  ascending  stairs  was  much  more  of  a  labour  than  usual.  Dull 
pain  in  centre  of  back  at  r.  of  spinal  column.  On  19th  d,,in  afternoon 
on  standing,  pain  In  sacrum  and  down  thigh,  21st  d,,  rather  severe 
pain  on  rising  in  r.  sacro-sciatic  notch,  where  the  nerve  passes  out* 
22nd  d.,  a  good  deal  of  back-ache,  especially  in  r.  sacro-sciatic  notch. 
On  23rd  d.  the  backache  had  gone,  i6th  d,,  rumbling  of  flatus  in 
body,  slight  pain  in  abdomen  (this  on  retiring  after  midnight,  shortly 
after  the  e.  dose)  ;  after  rising  in  m,,  sick  feeling,  with  some  belching 
and  pain  in  abdomen.  17th  d.,  feeling  of  looseness  in  bowels,  with 
slight  pain  in  lower  abdomen.  22nd  d.,  pain  at  r.  of  epigastrium  and 
great  tenderness.  Giddiness  (after  dose  repeated  at  noon).  17th  d,, 
slight  giddiness  on  rising  with  slight  headache.     After  the  evening  dose, 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM, 


375 


nausea  and  slight  giddiness.  20th  d.,  tenderness  of  under  part  of  r. 
heel  on  treading.  Shoots  longitudinally  in  r.  and  1,  sides  of  chest  at 
different  times.     Shoot  in  r.  ear  whilst  walking  almost  making  me  stop* 

19.  MoLt  took  doses  of  crystals  from  gr.  ss  to  gr.  ij*  They  caused 
first  disagreeable  sensation  of  stoppage  in  gullet  and  stomach  j  then 
feeling  of  warmth  in  stomach,  with  rumbling  in  bowels  and  escape  of 
flatus.  In  larger  doses  drug  occasioned  compression  of  stomach,  weight 
at  scrob,  cordis  with  involuntary  urging  to  sigh,  palpitation,  tremor  of 
limbs,  general  prostration,  giddiness  and  singing  in  ears.  There  was 
usually  added  to  these  remarkable  dryness  of  tongue,  intense  thirst, 
annoying  choking  at  gullet,  and  obstinate  constipation.  [Handbuch  der 
Pharmacohgie,  ii,  133.) 

II,  Poisonings, — I.  E.  H — ,  jet.  2i,  was  brought  to  the  St.  Louis 
Hospital  in  a  seemingly  moribund  state,  from  having  swallowed  a  solu- 
tion of  arg.  nit.  The  patient  presented  the  following  symptoms : 
Complete  loss  of  consciousness  j  insensibility  of  all  parts  of  body  j 
upper  limbs  and  facial  muscles  agitated  by  convulsive  movements  i  jaws 
firmly  clenched,  eyes  turned  up,  pupils  much  dilated  and  insensible  to 
light  i  pulse  full^  natural,  70.  There  were  stains  of  nitrate  of  silver  on 
the  fingers.  A  glass  of  a  solution  of  salt  [\  drachm  to  the  ounce)  was 
administered  every  J  h.  He  had  received  much  magnesia  and  inert 
matters  before  admission.  Towards  3  a.m.  an  amelioration  was  mani- 
fest ;  muscles  of  face  no  longer  agitated,  jaws  relaxed,  pupils  less  dilated, 
6  a.m.,  continued  insensibility  of  lower  limbs,  sensibility  obtuse  in  upper  \ 
face  strongly  injected  ;  patient  experienced  violent  pains  in  epigastrium, 
8  a.m.,  no  change  in  appearance  ;  sensibility  a  little  less  obtuse.  Asked 
about  quantity  of  poison  he  had  taken,  he  could  not  answer,  buti 
indicated  it  by  sign  of  figure  *^  8.'^  The  administration  of  salt  solu- 
tion was  kept  up  all  this  time,  and  now  he  was  limited  to  emollient 
drinks.  Noon,  sensibility  returned  in  all  parts  of  body.  Epigastric 
pains.  The  patient  recovered  speech.  He  said  he  had  taken  8  drachms 
of  fused  silver  suspended  in  cassia  water,  3  p.m,,  he  fell  into  coma 
difficult  to  describe,  lost  intelligence  and  sensibility,  pulse  95.  This 
lasted  2  h.  7  p.m.,  sensibility  and  intelligence  had  reappeared,  and 
the  patient  passed  a  fairly  tranquil  night.  At  8.24  a.m.,  he  fell 
again  into  his  habitual  coma,  persistent  loss  of  intelligence  and  obtuse 
sensibility.  At  noon  he  was  found  in  a  satisfactory  state  j  he  com- 
plained of  epigastric  pains,  but  the  sensibility  and  intelligence  had 
reappeared  ;  by  e.  he  could  raise  himself  up  and  drink  without  help. 
On  the  25th,  about  9  a.m.,  the  patient  experienced  a  new  crisis,  but 
much  less  strong  than  the  preceding,  and  in  the  e.  he  was  found  playing  | 
cards  with  his  neighbours.  The  following  days  he  steadily  progressedj 
but  felt  violent  epigastric  pains  up  to  his  departure  on  the  29th* 
(PoUMAREDE,  youm,  dt  chifti.  med.^  1839,  p.  434.) 

2. — a.  A  medical  pupil,  while  touching  a  small  ulcer  beneath  the 
tongue  of  a  child  aged  15  months  with  a  stick  of  nitrate  of  silver, 
I  inch  long,  which  he  held  in  his  fingers  by  one  end  wrapped  \n  paper, 
had  the  misfortune  to  let  it  slip  down  the  child's  throat.  Almost 
immediately  the  child  vomited  some  oily  matter  supposed  to  be  cod-liver 


376 


ARGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


oil  and  tnilk^  the  oil  having  been  taken  shortly  after  breakfast.  When 
the  vomiting  had  ceased,  and  within  a  few  m.  of  the  caustic  being 
swallowed,  common  salt  was  given  in  considerable  quantities,  after 
which  the  child  was  slightly  convulsed.  Again  vomiting  took  place, 
and  now  the  matter  ejected  had  a  white  curdy  appearance,  and  no  doubt 
was  principaJly  chloride  of  silver*  The  administration  of  salt  was 
repeated  frequently.  Vomiting  and  convulsions  occurred  at  short 
intervals  till  11.30.  (The  caustic  had  been  swallowed  at  9.30.}  At 
that  time  there  was  a  copious  liquid  stool  containing  a  quantity  of  the 
white  curdy  substance.  At  1  p.m.  the  child  fell  into  a  composed  sleep 
which  lasted  for  4  h  ,  after  which  convulsions  returned  with  increased 
violence  and  continued  until  3.  The  extremities  then  became  cold,  the 
face  pinched,  the  skin  clammy,  and  the  pulse  almost  imperceptible  j  the 
child  died  in  violent  convulsions  at  3*30  p.m.,  6  h.  after  swallowing  the 
poison. 

b.  Pcst^mortim  exanu^  25  h.  after  death. — Child  was  well  nourished 
and  appeared  to  have  been  in  good  health.  Cadavenc  rigidity  well 
marked.  Under  the  tongue  a  small  hard  swelling,  ulcerated  on  the 
surface,  corresponding  to  the  orifice  of  Wharton's  duct.  No  marks  of 
nitrate  of  silver  in  the  mouth,  but  in  the  oesophagus  two  or  three  small 
patches  of  corrosion.  The  stomach  contained  2^  ot.  of  inodorous 
fluid  ;  mucous  membrane  pale  except  one  point  of  ecchymosis,  and  a 
large  patch  of  corrosion,  interrupted  transversely  in  several  places,  but 
extending  from  the  cardiac  opening  along  the  greater  curvature  for 
4  in.  It  was  \  in.  wide  at  the  cardiac  end,  and  i  J  in.  at  the  end 
nearest  the  pylorus,  and  was  of  a  brilliant  white  colour.  In  the  duo* 
denum  and  the  first  12  in.  of  the  jejunum,  the  valvulae  conniventes 
presented  a  similar  corrosion  over  nearly  their  whole  surface,  but  of  a 
greyer  colour.  This  was  not  washed  off  by  a  gentle  stream  of  water, 
nor  by  rubbing  with  the  finger,  by  which,  however,  loose  white  particles 
were  removed.  There  were  no  morbid  appearances  in  the  other  parts 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  m  which  about  3  oz.  of  fluid  were  contained. 
The  other  viscera  were  healthy.  Heart  empty  and  contracted. 
Mucous  membrane  of  trachea  normal.  The  contents  of  the  stomach, 
ileum,  and  rectum,  were  separately  analysed.  In  each  there  was  a 
considerable  quantity  of  chloride  of  sodium,  most  in  the  stomach,  and 
least  in  the  rectum  ;  and  of  course,  therefore,  in  none  of  them  was 
there  any  nitrate  of  silver.  The  white  patches  rubbed  off  the  corroded 
spots  in  the  stomach  and  off  the  valvulse  conniventes  proved  to  be 
chloride  of  silver.      (Scattergood,  Brit.  Med,  Journey  1871,  p,  527.) 

3.  In  large  doses  it  sets  up  nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhcea,  with  colic  ; 
mostly  also  symptoms  of  an  intense  disturbance  of  the  nerve-life  of  the 
whole  economy,  great  faintness  and  depression,  often  stupor,  want  of 
breath.  Sometimes  there  are  cramps,  convulsive  contractions  of  this  or 
that  set  of  muscles,  even  paralysis  of  the  limbs*  (Oesterlen,  Handt* 
der  Pharm.y  1 856,  p.  128.) 

4.  Nitrate  of  silver  gives  rise  to  heat  in  the  pharynx,  and  irritates 
the  digestive  organs  by  its  immediate  impression  on  the  mucous  sur- 
faces. It  frequently  excites  colic  and  alvine  evacuations  the  first  time 
that  it  is  taken.     It  has   been  seen   to  produce  vertigo  and  transient 


ARGENT  UM  NITRICUM.  377 

blindness.     It  has  caused  an  increased  secretion  of  urine.     (Barbier, 
Traitede  Mat.  Med.^  p.  588.) 

5.  A  woman  aged  58,  widow,  and  mother  of  several  children, 
feeble  indeed,  but  otherwise  enjoying  continuous  good  health,  noticed 
in  the  year  1857  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^*r  was  growing  grey,  and  endeavoured  to 
hide  this  mark  of  commencing  old  age  by  the  use  of  a  pomade  com- 
pounded with  lunar  caustic,  which  she  applied  every  fortnight.     In 
January,  i860,  the  following  operations  of  the  cosmetic  came  out: 
dyspnoea  and    palpitation  ;    soon    after,  oedema  of  lower   limbs  and 
ascites :    the  forces  failed,  and  the   patient  was  compelled  to  keep  her 
bed.*     After  the  lapse  of  a  month,  the  oedema  of  the  lower  limbs  was 
removed,  but  in   place  of  it  a  slate- grey  colouration  of  the  skin  ap- 
peared, which,  like  the  ascites,  remained  permanent.     On  June  ifth, 
i860,  the  patient  was  brought  into  the  hospital,  when  the  following 
symptoms  presented  themselves  :     The  skin  of  the  legs  showed,  besides 
the   slate-grey  colouration,  a    hardness  and  tension   which    made   it 
impossible  to  raise  up  the  skin  in  folds,  so  that  it  assumed  the  complete 
character  of  brown  sclerema  ;    nevertheless  the  sensation,  temperature, 
and  transpiration  of  these  parts  were  normal.     The  legs  were  bent  up 
towards  the  upper  part  of  the  thigh  through  contraction  of  the  muscles, 
and  were  in  such  an  advanced  state  of  emaciation  that  they  looked  like 
the  legs  of  a  mummy.     On  the   upper  part  of  the  chest  and  on  the 
hands  appeared  a  faintly -marked  brown  colouration.   Auscultation  of  the 
heart  and  arteries  gave  the  signs  of  commencing  anaE:mia.     In  other 
respects  all  the  organic  functions  are  performed  regularly  and  satis- 
factorily ;    there  was  only  a  slight  degree  of  ascites  ;    and  the  urine, 
which  was  passed  in  normal  quantity,  and  without  inconvenience,  was 
in  no  way  abnormal  in  its  constituents.     At  first  sight  it  might  be 
doubted  what  was  the  nature  of  the  peculiar  colouration  of  the  skin,  and 
especially  it  might  be  thought  to  be  Addison's  disease ;    in  the  mean- 
time the  characteristic  colour  of  the  hair  and  scalp  soon  led  to  the  right 
track,  and   in  answer  to  inquiries  the  above-mentioned  history  was 
given.     Here,  through  the  use  of  a  pomade  of  nitrate  of  silver  the  same 
effect  was  called  forth  as  in  other  cases  following  the  internal   use  of 
argent,  nit.     That  a  deposit  of  nitrate  of  silver  under  the  skin  really 
ensued,  was  also  established  by  this  means,  that  by  repeated  application 
of  a  solution  of  iodide  of  potash  the  skin -colouration  was  made  decidedly 
clearer.     The  ascites  was  undoubtedly  owing  to  the  anaemic  condition,t 
which,  on  its  part,  found  its  explanation  in  the  injurious  action  of  the 
nitrate  of  silver.     The  indication  for  cure  was  to  change  the  silver  into 
a  colourless  and  insoluble  compound,  as,  perhaps,  the  iodide  of  silver, 
and  by  this  means  favour  its  removal  from  the  organism.     The  internal 
administration  of  iodide  of  sodium,  and  the  use  of  warm  baths,  had, 
indeed,  a  surprising  effect,  and  after  about  a  month's  use  of  these 
curative  measures,  the  patient  found  herself  in  the  following  condition  : 

*  Roget  also  relates  a  case  in  which  an  epileptic  having  taken  arg.  nit.  longer  and 
(he  suspects)  in  larger  quantity  than  he  intencled,  her  health  suffered  materially  in 
consequence ;  she  t^came  emaciated,  and  was  reduced  to  a  state  of  alarming  debility, 
from  which  she  was  several  months  in  recovering.  (Cooke,  Nervous  DiseaseSy  li, 
a,  151.) 

f  Wedemeyer  relates,  in  Rust  and  Caspar's  Repirtonmn^  xix,  454,  a  case  of  argyria 


378 


LRGENTUM  NITRICUM. 


The  dark  slate-colour  of  the  lower  extremities  had  become  a  h'ght 
(.brown  ;  the  skin  was  white  ^    the  muscles  had  lost  their  contraction 

[id  permitted  the  extension  of  the  legs.  The  light-brown  colouration 
'of  the  chest  and  hands  was  quite  lost ;  the  ascites,  indeed,  still  remained, 
but  was  essentially  diminished  ;  the  anaemic  symptoms  were  very  much 
lessened  by  proper  substantial  diet  which  the  patient  was  ordered* 
The  patient  was  so  satisfied  with  her  condition  that  she  would  not 
wait  for  further  completion  of  her  cure,  but  left  the  hospital.  (Gam- 
SERINI,  Med.  Neurgkt.  Zf^.,    1861,   p.   6.     Dr.  G,  adds — "By  the 

ecordcd  cases  we  can  confirm  the  observation  of  Lelut  that  the 
abnormal  colour  has  its  site  in  the  corium  and  that  the  epidermis  is 
ree.*  Herein  the  very  fixed  skin  alteration  differs  from  that  produced 
by  outward  contact  with  lunar  caustic,  with  which  the  epidermis  is 
chiefly  concerned.^') 

6.  Stephen  Martin,  18,  sensible  and  temperate,  always  had  good 
health  till  attacked  by  fits  at  15.  He  could  assign  no  cause.  Dr. 
Badeley  thought  they  possibly  originated  in  the  stomachy  where  there 
was  great  acidity.  The  fits  occurred  at  nncertain  intervals  after  the 
first  attack,  generally  about  every  3  or  4  weeks.  They  left  a  violent 
pain  in  the  head,  and  particularly  in  the  eyes,  continuing  next  d. 
Between  the  fits  and  sometimes  on  their  approach,  he  felt  a  sensation 
like  flashes,  or  quick  passing  vapours  behind  his  eyes,  followed 
by  a  bewildering  feeling,  with  a  violent  pulsation  in  the  head,  and 
a  temporary  deprivation  of  sight,  so  that  he  could  see  only  a  small 
part  of  anything  at  a  time.  These  sensations  were  removed  with 
the  fits  by  the  use  of  argent  nit,  unassisted,  after  leeches,  blisters, 
emetics,  mercurials,  bark,  steel,  zinc,  valerian,  and  turpentine 
had  failed.  The  turpentine  he  soon  discontinued,  from  the  violent 
irritation  it  excited  in  the  bladder.  The  argent*  n.  was  taken  in  doses 
of  gr,  iss  three  times  a  day,  made  into  pills  with  bread-crumb,  and 
continued  a  year  and  a  half.  The  fits  gradually  lessened  in  frequency 
till  they  entirely  left  him.  The  pills  had  no  purgative  efl^cct.  **Thc 
dark  colour  did  not  make  its  appearance  till  some  months  after  the 
fits  had  left  him.  As  there  had  been  no  return  of  his  complaint,!  had 
not  seen  him  for  a  quarter  of  a  year  \  but  upon  calling  as  I  passed 
through  the  village,  his  mother  desired  me  to  observe  the  alteration  that 
had  taken  place  in  his  complexion.  Not  having  seen  or  read  of  a 
similar  effect  from  that  medicine,  and  having  given  it  in  such  small 
doses^  I  did  not  impute  it  to  that  cause.  Indeedi  the  disease  being 
cured,  I  paid  little  attention  to  his  colour,  till  I  read  the  cases  published 
by  Dr.  Roget  in  your  7th  vol.  These  induced  me  to  take  an  early 
opportunity  of  calling  again,  when  I  found  the  colour  of  his  skin  greatly 
increased,  although  he  had  discontinued  the  nitrate  of  silver  6  months. 
It  is  now  near  two  years,  and  his  face  still  'retains  the  leaden  colour, 
his  bosom  rather  darker  with  a  purple  hue,  the  roof  of  his  mouth, 
induced  in  an  epileptic*  in  which  the  patient  died  of  diseased  liver  and  dropsy. 
— Eds, 

•  **  It  (silver)  is  never  found  in  combination  with  the  cellular  elements,  or  tm. 
bedded  in  the  intercellular  substance^  but  is  radier  found  deposited  in  the  basement 
substance  of  the  connective  tissue,  and  in  the  homogeneous  membranes  allied  to 
connective  tissue."     (Nothnagel  and  Rossbach,  c^.  rri.) 


ARNICA.  37$ 

inside  of  his  cheeks,  and  back  of  his  tongue  dark ;  the  tunica  sclerotica 
much  discoloured.  As  blisters  on  negroes  rise  white,  I  applied  two  to 
Martin  and  found  they  did  the  same,  which,  I  think,  proves  the  seat  of 
the  colour  to  be  in  the  rete  mucosum.  He  has  been  now  perfectly 
free  from  any  symptoms  of  epilepsy  during  two  and  a  half  years." 
(Badeley,  Med,'Chir.  Trans.^  ix,  235.) 

7.  Heller  {Jrchivy  i,  324)  found  no  silver  in  blood  or  urine  of 
patients  taking  it  for  a  length  of  time,  whereas  faeces  contained  it 
largely.  He  also  found  gastric  juice  precipitate  it  as  chloride,  and 
concludes  that  this  passes  through  the  alimentary  canal  unchanged. 
But  the  discolouration  of  the  skin  fully  proves  that  absorption  does  take 
place  when  the  medicine  is  exhibited  in  small  but  long-continued  doses. 
(Pereira,  op.  at.) 

8.  A  patient  was  treated  with  arg.  nit.  for  a  hemiplegia  for  2  months. 
On  Feb.  19th  she  complained  of  her  mouth,  which  presented  signs  of 
a  stomatitis  characterised  by  swelling  of  the  gums,  which  were  of  a 
dark  red^  with  violet  border  near  the  teeth,  and  a  very  great  sensitiveness 
of  the  mouth,  especially  to  heat ;  metallic  (not  foetid)  odour  of  breath  ; 
no  salivation.  In  spite  of  suspension  of  drug  this  increased  next  d., 
but  on  the  21st,  after  chlorate  of  potash,  it  subsided,  to  return  slightly 
on  March  fth.     {Bull,  de  Therap.^  1866,  p.  86.) 

9.  A  man,  accustomed  for  12  months  to  dye  his  hair  and  beard 
with  a  strong  solution,  suffered  from  general  weakness,  confusion  of 
thought^  loss  of  memory,  tinnitus  aurium,  and  defective  sight,  which 
symptoms  ceased  soon  after  stopping  the  dye.  (Quoted  from  Schmidt's 
Jahrb.  for  1874^  by  Dr.  Phillips,  who  adds — ^^  Within  my  own 
experience  I  have  known  men  suffering  from  the  same  cause,  with 
giddiness,  vertigo,"^  and  marked  nervous  depression,  amounting  almost  to 
melancholia,  and  recovering  quickly  after  ceasing  the  application." 
— Mat.  Mid.^  p.  391.) 


ARNICA. 
Arnica  montdna^  L.     Leopard^s  bane.    Nat.  Ord.,  ComposUa. 

1.  Provings.  i.  Hahnemann,  Fragmenta  de  Viribus  Medicament 
forum  positivis.  Contains  117  symptoms  from  self  and  33  from 
authors. 

2.  Ibid.,  Mat.  Med.  Pura^  vol.  i  of  original  and  translation. 
Contains  591  symptoms  from  self  and  9  others,  and  47  from  authors. 

3.  a.\  AssMANN,  on  Feb.  26th,  1823,  at  5  p.m.,  drank  2  oz.  of 
infusion  (=  7  grs.).  In  spite  of  careful  filtration  it  caused  considerable 
scraping  sensation  in  mouth  and  gullet.     Constrictive  pains  in  stomach 

•  "  Graves  observes  that  when  given  to  persons  affected  with  various  diseases,  it 
occasions  vertigo  and  headache.**    (Still£,  op.  cit.) 

t  Throughout  Jore's  provings  of  this  plant  {a)  will  denote  preparations  of 
flowers,  (b)  of  root.  Hahnemann's  provings  were  mostly  made  with  the  tincture  of 
the  dry  root. — Eds. 


380 


ARNICA. 


then  came  on,  lasting  i  h.,  and  then  decreasing  gradually  in  severity. 
When  these  had  somewhat  abated,  head  became  confused  and  there 
was  dull  pressing  headache  under  parietals  and  in  neighbourhood  of 
lachrymal  fossa.  This  ceased  during  n.  after  increased  perspiration* 
On  following  d,  there  remained  general  lassitude,  heaviness  of  head^ 
and  inability  to  work  long  or  hard.  March  3rd,  1823,  5  p.m,,  after 
4  oz.  of  infusion  (=  22  grs.)  experienced  all  above  symptoms  but  less 
markedly.  A  new  effect  of  larger  dose  was  that  at  g.30  p.m*  diar- 
rhoeic  evacuations  took  place  with  slight  cutting  pains  in  bowels  ,  this 
was  repeated  thrice  at  short  intervals  next  m. 

h.  On  March  8th,  1823,  at  6  p.m.,  took  6  drops  of  tincture* 
mixed  with  i  oz*  water.  Repeated  belchings  followed  immediately  ; 
15  m.  later  tympanitic  distension  of  abdomen  followed  by  severe 
cutting  pains  in  belly  which  increased  until  9  p,m.  and  only  ceased 
during  n.  During  e,  had  repeated  foul -smelling  eructations  but 
without  relief  to  other  symptoms.  Same  effects  followed  doses  of  t2 
drops  on  10th  and  of  24  drops  on  14th.  After  62  drops  on  1 7th  felt  very 
soon  pressure  at  stomach  with  feeling  as  if  xiphoid  process  was  being 
pressed  in,  stabbing  under  sternum,  vertigo,  pressing  headache  in 
parietal  bones  and  in  orbits,  palpitation,  and  quickened  pulse.  These 
symptoms  lasted  all  e.,  disturbed  sleep  considerably,  and  lasted  with 
varying  seventy  till  a.m.  on  19th  (?  i8th);  bowels  meanwhile  sluggish, 
hunger  increased,  although  appetite  was  considerably  diminished.  Same 
results  followed  dose  of  84  drops  on  1 9th.  (JuRg^s  Matir,  ilu  €in.  Kunn. 
HcilmhttiUhre^  1825.) 

4.  a,  Engler,  on  Feb.  f  7th  at  5  p.m.,  took  4  oz.  of  infusion  (=  7 
grs.),  and  felt  after  l  h.  pulse  somewhat  slower  and  irregular;  during 
following  n.  was  restless  and  often  disturbed  by  dreams.  24th.^ — After 
4  oz.  (=  15  grs.)  noticed  immediately  burning  scraping  in  oral  cavity 
and  gullet,  repeated  belchings,  and  during  e.  irregular  pulse.  Following 
n.  was  restless.  Next  m.  on  rising  noticed  peculiar  painful  feeling 
down  back  similar  to  that  caused  by  continued  stooping  over  hard  work, 
but  lasting  only  \  h.  Half  h.  after  similar  dose  next  d.  superficial 
pressive  pain  between  shoulders  set  in  and  lasted  nearly  3  h.  Same 
pain  was  experienced  next  d.  after  similar  dose,  but  affecting  more  r. 
subscapular  region  and  lasting  nearly  4  h.  March  5th,  6  p.m.,  took  4 
oz,  (=  30  grs.).  Scraping  in  gullet  more  marked,  and  in  10  m,  pres- 
sive pain  between  shoulder-blades,  proceeding  apparently  from  posterior 
wall  of  stomach,  made  itself  felt,  and  disappeared  only  next  m.  During 
n.  was  restless  and  had  lively  dreams.     {Ibid,) 

h.  Took  from  6  to  36  drops  of  tinct.  of  root  without  result* 

5,  a,  Heisterbergk  (Feb.  17th,  5  p.m.)  took  8  oz.  infusion(=:  15 
grs.)  ;  after  10  m,  noticed  pain  in  region  of  stomach  ;  this  increased  by 
degrees  and  lasted  nearly  i  h.  ;  judged  by  feeling  it  seemed  as  if  walls 
of  stomach  were  drawn  spasmodically  together.  Pulse  75  to  80.  On 
24th  after  similar  dose  noticed  nothing  but  considerable  distension  of 
abdomen,  which  came  on  a  few  m.  after  dose,  and  lasted  nearly  an  h. 
On  following  d.  (25th)  after  similar  dose  same  symptom  was  present 
and  lasted  nearly  i  h.     When  this  had  disappeared  heaviness  and  con- 

•  Prepared  from  arnica  root  one  part,  rectified  spirit  (80  deg.)  six  parts. 


ARNICA.  381 

fusion  of  head  came  on  to  moderate  extent,  lasting  about  2  h.  On 
26th,  15  m.  after  taking  4  oz.  (=  22  grs.)  noticed  moderate  sensation 
of  cramp  in  stomach  lasting  about  8  m.,  i  h.  after  dose  confusion  of 
head  also  came  on  but  only  lasted  i  h.     {Ibid,) 

b.  Took  from  6  to  65  drops  of  tinct.  without  any  but  local  effects. 

6.  a,  Kneschice  on  Feb.  22nd  took  4  oz.  of  infusion  (=15  grs.), 
and  whilst  swallowing  dose  noticed  peculiar  scraping  burning  sensation 
in  mouth  and  gullet  followed  in  few  m.  by  heavy  pressure  in  region  of 
stomach ;  former  lasted  30  m.,  latter  i  h.  On  Mar.  3rd  after  dose 
made  from  22  grs.  experienced  same  effects.  After  quiet  n.  awoke 
next  m.  with  severe  stabbing  pains  in  forehead  and  occiput,  lasting  all 
d.  In  addition,  appetite  was  poor,  bowels  sluggish,  and  mental  faculties 
impaired.  Next  d.  after  good  n.  rest  felt  quite  well.  Repeated  same 
dose  on  7th  and  noticed  immediately  above-mentioned  scraping  in 
throat,  soon  accompanied  by  considerable  pressure  in  region  of  stomach  ; 
former  lasted  only  \  h.,  latter  continued  nearly  2  h.,  and  during  last  h. 
stabbing  pain  in  forehead  and  region  of  temples  came  on  and  did  not 
leave  him  all  e. 

b.  June  29th,  8  a.m.,  took  \  oz.  of  infusion  ( =  5  grs.)  (experiments 
with  tinct.  having  proved  as  fruitless  as  Heisterbergk's)  \  after  15 
m.  fulness  of  stomach  came  on  accompanied  by  slight  pressure 
in  upper  and  anterior  part  of  stomach,  lasting  till  1 1  ;  from  1 1  till  3 
felt  strong  pressure  in  1.  side  of  cesophagus,  pointing  upwards,  and 
accompanied  at  times  with  rather  severe  stabbing.  At  mid-day  had  no 
appetite.  From  i  till  4  head  became  confused,  had  frequent  inclination 
to  sleep  and  felt  disinclined  for  continuous  exertion.  Effects  of  drug 
seemed  to  have  disappeared  by  e.  June  30th,  8  a.m.,  repeated  dose, 
shortly  after  taking  which  stomach  felt  full  and  remained  in  same 
condition  until  after  i  o  ;  pressure  in  oesophagus  in  same  spot  returned 
shortly  before  12  and  lasted  about  2  h.  Confusion  of  head  coupled  with 
inclination  to  sleep  and  disinclination  for  all  active  exertion  lasted  whole 
afternoon  \  these  attacks  passed  off  at  5  p.m.     {Ibid.) 

6.  £7.  Seyffert,  after  dessertspoonful  of  infusion  taken  at  5,  8,  and 
II  a.m.  and  at  2,  5,  8,  and  11  p.m.,  noticed  each  time  frequent  belch- 
ing, scraping  in  throat,  drawing  in  region  of  stomach,  and  lasting  con- 
fusion of  head  \  also  frequent  micturition^  colour  of  urine  being  normal. 
Repetition  of  experiment  produced  same  symptoms,  and  in  addition  an 
indescribable  malaise  and  disinclination  for  work. 

b.  After  doses  of  tinct.  varying  from  20  to  60  drops  taken  in  an  oz. 
of  water  suffered  from  scraping  in  the  throat,  repeated  belchings,  con- 
fusion of  head  and  frequent  evacuation  of  flatus  during  the  e.     {Ibid,) 

6.  a.  Strofer  on  Feb.  17th  at  4  p.m.  took  4  oz.  of  infusion  (  = 
7  grs.).  Burning  scraping  in  throat  came  on  at  once,  accompanied  \  h. 
later  by  nausea ;  vomiting  could,  however,  be  avoided.  On  21st 
repeated  dose  and  besides  above  effects  noticed  increased  secretion  of 
saliva,  troublesome  unpleasant  pains  in  region  of  stomach,  frontal  head- 
ache lasting  about  2  h.  and  only  vanishing  finally  after  supper.  March 
3rd,  6  p.m.,  took  4  oz.  of  infusion  (=  22  grs.),  and  experienced  sym- 
ptoms of  former  doses,  but  much  more  acutely,  especially  secretion  of 
saliva,  nausea  terminating  in  vomiting,  rush  of  blood  to  head,  and  frontal 


382 


ARNICA. 


headache  ;  from  this  as  from  previous  doses  found  arterial  pulse  stronger 
than  usual.     {Ii>td,) 

b.  Strofer's  trial  of  tinct.  of  root  was  fruitless  as  that  of  others. 

7.  a.  Winkler  on  Feb.  25th,  at  6  p,m,,  took  4  oz.  inf.  and 
immediately  after  swallowing  noticed  severe  burning  in  throat,  gradually 
descending  through  oesophagus  to  stomach,  lasting  in  mouth  and  guUct 
I  h.  In  stomach  this  burning  changed  into  pinching  and  pressing,  and 
continued  through  small  intestines  as  constrictive  pain,  accompanied 
with  much  movement*  Abdomen  became  distended,  almost  tympanitic ; 
this  was  relieved  by  walk  in  open  air.  Towards  8  p.m.  a  notable 
change  took  place  in  the  abdominal  symptoms  ;  there  remained  at  this 
time  sensation  of  gnawing  hunger,  although  all  desire  for  food  was 
wanting  and  W —  had  dined  at  5  p,m.  This  hunger  lasted  whole  e,  and 
was  still  troublesome  when  W —  fell  asleep  towards  midnight.  On 
awaking  in  m.  was  suffering  from  severe  headache,  which  increased  to 
such  an  extent  that  he  nearly  fell  down  from  giddiness  on  going  out  into 
open  air  at  8  a.m.  Headache  ceased  at  10  a.m.,  but  nausea  ana  lassitude 
lasted  till  mid -day.     {I hid.) 

8.  a,  GuNTZ.  June  24th,  1824,8  a.m.,  aftter  \  oz.  felt  imme- 
diately in  throat  and  oesophagus  (especially  in  anterior  walls)  a  scraping 
lasting  5  m.  ;  plentiful  secretion  of  thin  saliva,  and  nausea,  but  without 
going  on  to  vomiting  ;  10  m.  after  dose  pressure  in  stomach  came  on, 
increasing  gradually  to  cramp- like  pains  and  lasting  nearly  2  h.  ;  these 
pains  diminished  after  a  meal  of  bread  and  milk  at  10  a.m.  On  25th, 
8  a.m.,  took  2  oz.  (=  20  grs.)  ;  scraping  in  throat  and  increased  secre- 
tion of  saliva  followed,  but  to  a  smaller  extent ;  15  m.  after  dose  cramp 
in  stomach  came  on,  and  continued  for  2  h, ;  after  this  frontal  pain  set  in, 
lasting  about  an  h.  \  during  afternoon  colicky  pains  in  abdomen  occumed 
from  time  to  time  but  without  any  evacuation  of  bowels  j  during  n, 
slept  very  little  because  of  a  violent  attack  of  bleeding  from  the  nose. 
3  oz.  of  infusion  {=  30  grs.)  26th,  and  3j  of*  27th,  produced  same 
eiFects. 

h,  July  2nd,  8  a*m.,  after  taking  tincture  and  smaller  doses  of 
infusion  without  result,  took  3  oz.  of  infusion  ( =  i  drachm)  and  felt  soon 
after  dose  slight  scraping  along  gullet.  3  p.m*,  perceived  transient 
stitch  in  umbilical  region  which  appeared  to  have  its  seat  in  small 
intestines,  and  lasted  {  h,  3rd, 8  a.m.,  took  4  oz.  (ss  i  drachm)  i  after  \ 
h.  dull  pain  came  on  in  frontal  region  and  lasted  until  towards  c. ;  at  6 
next  m.  was  attacked  by  pressing  pain  in  r*  hypochondriac  region,  which 
came  and  went,  appearing  to  have  its  seat  in  liver  or  duodenum,  and 
vanished  at  noon.     [Ibid,) 

9,  a,  JoRG,  after  doses  varying  from  3  to  20  grs.j  obtained  following 
results  :  Peculiar  slight  burning  or  scraping  biting  in  throat  extending 
through  oesophagus  to  stomach,  somewhat  like  heartburn,  and  lasting 
^  to  i  h.  Soon  after  repeated  belch ings,  at  first  with  taste  of  drug, 
accumulation  of  saliva  in  mouth,  and  inclination  to  vomit  without 
nausea,  accompanied  by  feeling  as  if  pharynx  were  swollen  and  prevented 
swallowing ;  these  three  symptoms  vanish  and  reappear  several  times 
during  next  few  h.  About  i  h*  after  taking  drug  cramp-like  constric- 
tive pain   begins  in  stomach,  causing  pain  generally,   but  mostJy  in 


ARNICA. 


383 


posterior  wall  of  stomach,  as  if  this  were  being  pressed  against  spinal 
column  and  as  if  latter  were  made  sore  at  same  time  above  and  below 
situation  of  stomach.  Two  or  three  h,  after  dose  slight  cutting  pain  in 
small  intestines  comes  on,  followed  in  ^  b.  or  i  h»  by  distension  and 
swelling  of  small  intestines  with  frequent  urging  to  stool,  relieved  at 
times  by  diarrhoeic  evacuations,  at  other  times  by  passage  of  small  and 
tough  feces  with  much  wind.  Final  effects  arc  pressure  in  head, 
confusion  of  same,  usually  one-sided  rheumatic  headache,  and  vertigo^ 
lasting  I  to  3,  4,  or  even  5  h.  Pain  at  stomach  frequently  changes, 
after  i,  2,  or  3  h.,  into  ravenous  hunger,  although  appetite  and  digestion 
remain  diminished. 

b.  June  30th,  8  a.m.,  after  ^ii  of  infusion  (==  2^  grs.)  felt  slight 
fulness  in  stomach  and  slight  belching  up  of  flatus,  followed  at  1 1  by 
slight  dulness  in  head,  which  resolved  itself  at  mid-day  into  general 
weariness,  lassitude,  and  somnolence ;  although  these  passed  off  after 
dinner,  felt  between  3  and  6  p,m,  fatigued  and  disinclined  for  mental 
exertion.  July  ist,  10  a.m.,  took  |  oz.  of  infusion  (=  5  grs.)  ;  felt 
immediately  some  scraping  in  throat,  later  on  fulness  of  stomach  and 
distension  of  abdomen,  with  frequent  passage  of  flatus  and  urging  to 
stool,  although  more  constipated  than  usual  5  3  to  6  p.m.,  again  felt 
confusion  of  head  and  distaste  to  work.  Next  m.  at  5  a.m.  on  sitting 
down  to  my  work-table  was  surprised  by  severe  pain  in  spinal  column,  such 
as  would  be  felt  by  suddenly  standing  upright  after  long  stooping :  this 
cramp-like  pain  was  not  situate  in  the  muscles  of  the  back,  but  in  the 
inner  soft  parts  of  spinal  column,  appearing  at  times  as  if  posterior  wall 
of  stomach  were  pressed  forcibly  against  anterior  surface  of  spine.  Two 
h*  later  pain  was  concentrated  more  in  upper  part  of  spinal  column, 
between  shoulder-blades ;  by  mid-dayall  effects  had  passed  off.  On  repeat- 
ing dose  2  d,  later  same  symptoms  were  produced,  pain  in  spinal  column 
lasting  this  time  2  h.  and  proceeding  apparently  from  stomach,      {Ibid,) 

10.  b,  Frau  Ch.  took  \  oz.  (s=  2|  grs.)  ;  no  scraping  was  produced, 
but  moderate  burning  feeling  in  throat,  less  nausea  and  sinking,  more 
pressure  at  stomach  than  from  infusion  of  flowers.  With  this  pres* 
sure  at  stomach  was  coupled  at  times  feeling  of  emptiness  and 
ravenous  hunger,  although  there  was  complete  loss  of  appetite  and 
disinclination  for  all  food.  In  afternoon  she  suffered  from  pressive 
headache,  especially  in  forehead.  Pressure  at  stomach  was  repeated 
from  time  to  time,  accompanied  by  unpleasant  feeling  of  fulness, 
although  stomach  was  empty,  and  also  frequent  acrid  feeling  in  oral 
cavity  lasting  till  3rd  d.  after  taking  drug.     {Ibid.) 

Ji.  b,  L —  after  similar  dose  noticed  no  symptoms  in  digestive  tract, 
but  from  11  a.m.  rill  10  p.m.  felt  confusion  of  head  with  frequently 
recurring  inclination  to  sleep  and  distaste  for  active  exertion.     (Ibid.) 

12*  Eight  members  of  the  Vienna  Society  of  Physicians  proved  A. 
in  form  of  ext.  of  flowers,  of  which  gr.  j — xij  were  taken  daily.  Pheno- 
mena observed  from  its  use  were  ; 

a.  In  digestive  organic  fly»*ig  pains  in  abdomen,  epigastrium,  and 
r.  hypochondrium  ;  eructation,  disgust,  yawning  j  dryness  of  mouth 
and  throat  ;  burning  of  tongue  and  palate  ;  oppression  of  stomach  ; 
increased  appetite  j  flatulence  j  firmer  and  less  frequent  evacuations. 


384 


ARNICA. 


ill  $fnce  childhood,  except 
year  ago.     Always  took  the 


b.  In  vascular  iystgm^  stronger  beat  of  heart ;  frequent  blowing  of 
lose  with  traces  of  blood  ;  slight  epistaxis  i  swelling  of  hiemorrhoidal 
Ivessels, 

r.  In  nervous  system^  confusion  and  fulness  of  head  i  slight  pressure  ; 
partial  headache  ;  vision  of  sparks  ;  itching  of  skin  and  eyes  ;  comfort- 
able feeling  or  exhaustion  ;  restless  sleep,  vivid  agreeable  dreams. 
{fViimr  Zeitichr^y  Dec.,  1844,) 

13.  ScHNELLER,  one  of  thc  above,  reports  that  he  took  doses 
increasing  by  j  gr,  daily  for  1 1  d,,  in  which  therefore  he  took  78  grs. 
Up  to  dose  of  6  grs*  nothing  particular  was  noticed  save  a  bitter,  rather 

"lisgusting  taste,  and  increased  flatus;  sleep  was  also  diminished  and 
frather  restless.  Symptoms  produced  by  doses  of  7 — 10  grs*  were,  besides 
the  foregoing,  sensation  of  burning  in  tongue  and  soft  palate^  as  if  from 
pepper  or  from  swallowing  a  hot  liquid,  which  set  in  particularly  3  h, 
after  taking  medicine  and  was  confined  to  ant.  third  of  tongue,  on  which 
nothing  abnormal  was  visible  ;  appetite  unaffected.  During  doses  of  1 1 
and  12  grs,  burning  diminished  and  was  only  felt  on  point  of  tongue  i 
in  middle  of  lower  lip  several  vesicles  appeared  containing  a  clear  fluid 
,and  soon  drying  into  scabs.  In  e.  slight  cpistaxis.  Nights  restless, 
ireams  very  vivid.     (Uid^  March,  1846.) 

14.  A.  von  SzoNTAGH,  a*t.  31,  never 
ague  10  years  ago,  and  whooping-cough  i  ,  _ 
medicine  about  1 1  a.m.  either  on  sugar  or  mixed  with  water.     Observed 
himself  carefully  for  several  weeks  before  proving. 

a.  From  Oct,  20th  took  daily  3  drops  of  3X.  For  some  days  pain  in 
r,  side  of  neck  where  the  external  carotid  comes  from  under  stemo- 
cleido-mastoideus  muscle,  as  if  a  lymphatic  gland  were  swollen  there. 
The  pain  is  distinctly  felt  on  suddenly  turning  head  to  1.,  on  applying 
strong  pressure  on  the  spot,  and  when  the  carotids  beat  more  strongly. 
This  pain  never  felt  before  the  proving,  and  since  then  has  frequently 
recurred  during  the  last  10  or  11  months. — 22nd  and  23rd.  On  blowing 
nose  in  m.  some  drops  of  bright  blood  came  from  nose. — 24th.  Unusu- 
ally sleepy  in  forenoon. 

b.  From  24th    I  drop  daily  of  ^. — 2Sth.  Afternoon  when  sitting, 
light  cracking  and  feeling  of  sprain  in  r.  wrist  on  moving  hand.^ — 24tli 

r^nd  25th.  Unusually  early  waking  in  m.  with  inability  to  go  to  sleep 
again, — 26th.  3  dropsy;  nothing  unusual. — 28th.  5  drops  0.  In  afternoon 
some  violent  stitches  in  glans  penis. — 29th.  Several  times  aching  pain 
in  first  phalanges  or  3  last  fingers  of  1.  hand.  All  afternoon  confusion 
of  head  with  slight  singing  in  r,  ear  ;  e.,  aching  pain  in  1.  eye  extending 
to  1.  half  of  forehead,  followed  by  eructation  and  inclination  to  vomit.^ — 
joth.  Slight  singing  all  d.  in   r.  ear*  and  similar  but  slighter  headache 

ron  r.  side  without  nausea. — 31st.  10  drops  ^.  Betore  taking  it  frequent 
empty  eructation.  2nd  Nov.,  15  drops  ^.  Before  taking  it  toothache 
in  a  sound  I,  lower  molar*  After  taking  it  frequent  eructation  of  air, 
smelling  of  arnica.  Afternoon,  slight  squeezing  pain  in  lower  angle  of 
I.  scapula.  E.Jn  larynx  feeling  of  obstruction,  like  swelling,  inclining 
him  to  cough  and  hawk,  which  sometimes  brings  away  some  thick 
phlegm  but  without  relief — 4th,  On  waking  confusion  of  head,  in  the 
'^rcnoon  passing  into  pressive  r,  side  headache.    At  1 1  ani.  20  drops  ip. 


ARNICA. 


38S 


After  i  h.  urgent  call  to  urinate  and  evacuation  of  a  large  quantity  of 
watery  urine.  Headache  lasts  with  intermissions  all  the  afternoon, — 
5th.  Afternoon,  suddenly  a  violent  tearing  and  burning  in  outer  border 
of  1.  foot  for  I  m. — 6ih*  30  drops  ^.  After  1 4  h.  pressive  squeezing  pain 
in  inner  half  of  r.  eyeball,  going  off  gradually  when  walking  in  open  air. 
The  afternoon  urine  has  a  darker  colour,  acid  reaction,  and  higher  sp. 
gr»  than  usual.  This  and  next  day  uncommonly  frequent  noises  in 
ears,  even  when  quite  quiet. — 8th.  4.0  drops  ^.  Twitching  pain  in  K  side 
of  chest  for  some  m,,  recurring  later, — 9th.  Forenoon,  while  walking 
for  some  m.,  each  time  he  raised  his  1.  foot,  and  also  when  moving  1. 
ankle-joint,  but  not  when  moving  knee,  a  creeping  sensation  in  outer 
half  of  1,  sole,  as  if  a  nerve  were  pinched.  From  forenoon  till  e.  similar 
l.-sided  headache  as  on  the  29th.  The  I.  eye  seemed  more  prominent 
and  sensitive  to  pressure. ^ — loch.  On  waking  and  rising  pressive  pain  in 
inner  half  of  r.  eyeball  and  corresponding  part  of  forehead,  going  off 
towards  noon.  The  creeping  sensation  in  1.  sole  came  on  under  the 
same  circumstances  and  at  the  same  time  as  yesterday,  lasted  longer  and 
occurred  also  in  afternoon  sometimes.  At  1  x  a.m.  50  drops  0.  Towards 
e.  in  distal  phalanx  of  r.  ring  finger  when  pressed  acute  pain  as  after  a 
bruise  for  more  than  i  h.  Slight  singing  in  r.  ear  when  at  rest  all  d. 
The  urine  passed  between  2  and  6  p.m.  is  dark  yellow,  veiy  acid,  of  high 
sp,  gr.,  becomes  opalescent  wher  boiled,  but  clear  on  adding  nitr,  ac. 
I  The  unboiled  urine  left  to  stand  forms  next  day  a  slight  sediment  which 
f  continually  gets  thicker,  and  after  62  h.  when  it  is  fetid  shows  many 
crystals  of  triple  phosphates  or  urates  under  microscope.  The  urine 
passed  before  and  after  this  is  normal. — ^iith.  Wakes  early.  In  the 
n.  and  m,  passes  much  odourless  flatus.  In  m.  in  bed  when  lying  on 
back  tension  in  region  of  stomach.  The  sensitiveness  to  pressure  of 
the  phalanx  of  the  r,  ring  finger  recurs  several  times  in  the  forenoon 
I  and  afternoon,  but  slighter  and  shorter,  and  in  e,  turns  into  tiresome 
aching  pain, —  12th.  60  drops  ^.  The  urine,  except  in  m.,  when  it  is 
normal,  shows  the  same  characters  as  on  the  loth, — 13th.  In  afternoon 
for  I  h,  pressive  squeezing  pain  limited  to  the  inner  half  of  r.  eyebalL 
The  urine  passed  in  forenoon  is  sulphur  yellow,  turbid,  very  frothy, 
,  reaction  neutral,  and  on  standing  a  short  time  deposits  a  thick  sediment, 
'When  boiled  becomes  still  more  turbid,  but  is  cleared  by  nitr.  ac,  but 
becomes  again  turbid  on  the  addition  of  ammonia.  Left  to  stand  it 
becomes  fetid  on  the  3rd  d.  and  deposits  a  large  quantity  of  triple  phos- 
kphates. — 14th.  All  d.  striking  decrease  of  quantity  of  urine  without 
increase  of  its  sp.  gr.  In  the  forenoon  urine  the  phosphates,  in  the  after- 
noon urine  the  urates,  were  somewhat  increased.-— '15th,  75  drops  ^. 
E.,  suddenly  a  violent  pressive  tearing  pain  on  ulnar  side  of  distal  phalanx 
of  r.  ring  finger  for  some  m.  At  n,  when  asleep  breathes  with  open 
mouth  (contrary  to  custom),  whereby  his  mouth  becomes  quite  dry. 
Urine  in  forenoon  as  on  loth,  afterwards  as  on  13th,  then  normal. — 
16th,  Afternoon  and  e,,  transient  tension  in  1.  buttock  and  knee* 
Towards  e.  till  n.  drawing  and  tearing  in  r,  ring  finger,  especially  in 
distal  phalanx,  sometimes  also  in  little  finger  and  along  ulnar  border  of 
forearm.  In  the  forenoon  and  afternoon  urine  the  phosphates  are  some- 
times more^  sometimes  less,  but  always  increased,     E.,  unne  normal, — 

^5 


386 


ARNICA. 


1 7th.  Urine  as  yesterday, — 18th.  100  drops  ^.  When  swallowing,  grea^ 
burning  in  throaty  which  goes  ofF  after  i  h.  Afternoon  ^unusually  cheerful* 
Towards  e.  pressure  and  tension  in  spinal  process  of  last  cervical  and 
first  dorsal  vertebras  for  a  short  time.  Little  sexual  appetite*  The 
urine  passed  from  3  to  6  p.m.  very  acid,  turbid,  deposits  on  standing  a 
copious,  brownish  sediment ;  after  standing  longer  there  appear  in  te 
single  lumps,  which  show  under  microscope  many  cells*  After  3  d.  it 
becomes  fetid,  but  is  still  acid,  the  sediment  more  a  kind  of  turbidity  i 
when  boiled  the  turbidity  increases  and  settles  at  the  bottom  of  the 
tube.  On  adding  z  drops  nit.  ac.  it  is  completely  dissolved  with 
evolution  of  gas. — 19th,  Stool  thinnerand  darker  than  usual.  A  small 
rapidly  suppurating  acne-pustule  forms  under  the  r.  angle  of  mouth  with 
burning  pain.  The  urine  passed  in  m.  and  after  breakfast  normal  ;  that 
passed  in  forenoon  and  afternoon  turbid* — 20th.  Afternoon,  violent 
twitching  pain  from  1.  shoulder-joint  to  middle  finger. — 21st.  In  m.on 
waking,  violent  drawing  tearing  pain  on  ulnar  side  of  back  of  r.  hand 
for  some  m.  This  pain  recurs  noon,  afternoon,  and  e. — 23rd.  In  m, 
when  walking,  tearing  pain  in  r.  hip,  ankle,  and  dorsum  of  foot.  Later, 
when  at  rest,  tearing  jerking  pain  on  ulnar  side  of  back  of  L  hand.— 
24th.  All  day,  pressive  headache  in  r.  eye,  forehead,  and  temple. — 
25th.  In  m.  in  bed,  drawing  pain  in  skin  of  back  of  L  little  finger* 
Soon  afterwards  pressive  pain  in  joints  of  r.  ring  and  little  fingers. 
Afternoon,  r.-sided  headache.  The  forenoon  urine  turbid  when 
passed. — ^26 th.  Early  in  bed,  drawing  in  skin  of  1.  little  finger. — 
24th,  25th,  26th.  The  above- described  creeping  in  1.  sole  when 
walking.  Next  d.,  drawing  pains  in  limited  places  of  the  hands  and 
r.  foot,  soon  going  ofF, — 30th.  All  d.  the  well-known  I. -sided  head- 
ache i  on  1st  Dec.  the  same  pain  on  r,  side,  (A^.  Zeitsch,  f,  horn, 
KUnik^  vii,  9,  20.) 

15,  We  must  beware  of  giving  to  irritable  stomachs  powerful  doses 
of  the  flowers,  because  they  produce  painful  sensations.  I  made  the 
experiment  twice.  I  took  in  succession  three  glasses  of  a  warm  infusion 
of  10  grs,  :  I  soon  fek  a  painful  sensation  of  twitching  at  the  stomach, 
which  extended  to  the  throat  and  lasted  ^  h.  (Rademacher,  Erfahr- 
ungsheillehre^  4th  ed.,  I,  844.) 

r6.  On  Sept.  30th,  1873,  a  student  in  pharmacy  took,  at  4  p.m.,  18 
grammes  of  tincture.  In  5  m.  his  pulse  had  fallen  from  70  to  64  ;  at 
first  irregular,  it  soon  became  thready  and  hardly  palpable,  The  patient 
experienced  an  intolerable  pr^ccordial  anguish,  it  seemed  to  him  as  if 
the  heart  stopped  and  would  not  go  on  again  j  the  hand  applied  over 
the  heart  felt  its  beats  feeble  and  intermittent.  The  face  grew  pale, 
and  there  came  on  all  of  a  sudden  a  great  muscular  debility  so  that  the 
knees  gave  way  ;  it  required  a  strong  effort  of  will  to  resist  the 
tendency  to  sit  down.  There  were  fibrillary  contractions  in  several 
isolated  bundles  of  muscular  fibre,  especially  about  the  jaws,  and  a  sort 
of  contraction  in  the  temples.  Following  with  the  finger  the  spinous 
processes  downwards,  pressure  caused  no  sensation  in  the  cervical 
region  ;  but  as  the  finger  descended  to  the  dorsal  vertebrae,  it  provoked 
a  sharp  and  sudden  uneasiness  with  some  involuntary  startings  in  the 
muscles  of  the  nucha  and  back,^ — ^thc  head  being  drawn  back,  while  the 


ARNICA.  387 

trunk  was  kept  erect.  At  the  level  of  the  last  dorsal,  the  distress 
caused  by  pressure  was  so  great  that  the  patient  shrank  as  we  noticed 
him.  He  described  the  pain  as  extending  like  a  girdle  round  as  far  as 
the  epigastrium  ;  and  causing  a  stifled  feeling,  as  if  a  weight  were  on 
the  chest.  These  somewhat  alarming  symptoms  did  not  continue  for 
more  than  20  m.  At  4.30  there  remained  only  great  weakness, 
depression,  pallor,  feeling  of  emptiness  in  head,  a  little  tremor  of  hands, 
some  nausea,  and  great  desire  to  sleep.  In  this  state  he  continued  till 
e. ;  at  10  p.m.  pulse  was  still  feeble  and  irregular,  temp.  36*6.°  The 
n.  was  fair;  and  all  ended  next  d.  in  some  diarrhoeic  stools  with 
flatulence.  (Guillemot,  Stude  sur  Us  propriet^s  phys,  et  ther,  de  P arnica^ 
Paris,  1874.) 

17.  7.45  a.m.,  health  good,  pulse  65,  took  20  drops  ix  in  water. 
Soon  after,  itching  of  1.  outer  thigh  and  foot,  followed  by  aching  in 
same  lee.  7.SS>  itching  of  face  and  ears,  afterwards  in  lower  leg ; 
ache  in  1.  scapula  and  acromion.  8.3,  slight  headache  in  1.  parietal 
region  ;  itching  returns.  8.5,  eructations  \  itching  and  soreness  of 
chest  walls.  8.6,  aching  in  1.  wrist  and  palm,  with  itching  ;  slight 
vertigo  while  at  rest,  repeated  soon  after.  8.15,  slight  soreness  of 
throat;  eructations;  shoulder  lame.  8.25,  pinching  in  splenic  region; 
aching  of  right  knee  ;  vertigo.  8.30,  muscles  of  neck  lame  ;  eruc- 
tations ;  itching  in  various  parts  ;  feel  stretchy.  9,  gurgling  in 
bowels;  backache.  9.10,  irritative  cough  ;  pain  in  1.  tempor^  region. 
9.15,  urging  to  stool  before  usual  hour;  hands  feel  swollen  and  sore  ; 
occasional  sneezing.  9.20,  no  appetite  ;  eating  causes  urging  to  stool, 
with  colic  ;  scant  urine  attends.  9.45,  face  flushed  and  swollen ; 
pulse  80.  10,  sweat  on  hct ;  yawning  and  stretching;  much  itching 
in  various  parts  ;  slight  cough  occasionally.  12.45  p.m.,  sexual  excite- 
ment without  cause  ;  feel  very  weary,  with  headache  and  sweat  on 
forehead.  2,  sun's  heat  makes  me  faint  and  nauseated  (temp.  82°)  ; 
pulse  94  before  eating ;  no  appetite  for  lunch.  4,  profuse  sweat ; 
backache  and  languor,  attended  by  dull  headache.  4.20,  urging  to 
8tool ;  pulse  90.  5.30,  scant  urine  ;  rheumatic  pains  in  shoulders ; 
irritative  cough ;  larynx  very  sore  ;  usual  tobacco  causes  nausea.  7, 
colic  and  tenesmus  after  light  meal ;  legs  and  feet  ache  and  are  sore 
when  walking ;  easy  sweats ;  painful  pimple  on  margin  of  beard  (new). 
10,  extreme  fatigue  on  retiring ;  restlessness  and  wakefulness  until 
midnight.  2nd  d.,  waked  with  itching  as  of  fleabites  ;  great  debility 
until  after  eating ;  dull  headache  during  a.m.  Symptoms  in  less  degree 
continued  for  three  following  d.  (Dr.  A.  W.  Woodward,  MS. 
Communication,) 

II.  Poisonings. — i.  A  workman  in  full  health  swallowed  at  one 
draught  an  enormous  quantity  of  the  tincture.  He  was  seized  imme- 
diately with  violent  burning  at  the  stomach,  then  with  colic  ;  he  died 
38  h.  later,  without  presenting  other  noteworthy  symptoms.  At  the 
autopsy  there  were  marked  traces  of  gastro-enteritis.  (Wilms,  Berliner 
Centralblatt f.  d.  med.  tVissenschaften^  Nov.,  1874.) 

2.  A  man  of  thirty  swallowed  by  mistake  15  grammes  of  tinct. 
About  20  m.  after  he  experienced  violent  headache,  vertigo,  nausea, 
vomiting  \  these  lasted  for  1  h.,  at  end  of  which  came  somnolence  and 


388 


ARNICA. 


at  last  deep  sleep  for   ii   h.     He  was  not  perfectly  restored  till  7   d, 
later.     (Ferrand,  7<?wrw.  de  Chimh  Med,^  Sept,,  1869.) 

3,  a,  A  man  of  lymphatic  constitution  and  sedentary  habits,  very 
susceptible  to  the  influence  of  A.,  had  been  making  an  opodeldoc 
thereof  **  I  went  to  bed/'  he  states,  "  languid  and  exhausted  ;  sleep 
was  much  disturbed,  and  I  awoke  six  or  seven  times,  each  time  from 
dreaming  that  I  was  dying,  and  that  my  bed  was  surrounded  by  my 
friends,  assembled  to  take  their  last  leave  of  me.  On  following  d.  I 
had  intense  headache,  accompanied  with  feeling  of  great  weight  and 
heaviness  in  cytSy  and  sensation  of  oppression  and  drooping  in  eyelids, 
as  if  they  could  not  be  raised.  The  L  wrist  was  powerless  for  i  h,, 
with  feeling  generally  that  I  could  not  use  my  arms*  I  had  sensation 
of  oppressive  weight  at  upper  part  of  chest,  with  feeling  of  constriction 
in  throat.  In  walking,  I  was  feeble,  as  if  suddenly  grown  old.  My 
subsequent  sensations  were — a  want  of  power  in  both  ankles,  with 
feeling  of  heavy  weight  on  each  instep  j  in  the  throat  as  it  were  the 
sound  of  a  subdued  whistle  i  feeling  in  upper  part  of  head  as  though 
brains  were  sore  and  tender  ;  total  want  of  appetite  for  10  d.,  during 
which  I  loathed  the  very  sight  of  food  ;  constant  dry  cough,  shaking 
whole  frame  ;  feeling  as  \(  bruised  over  whole  body ;  nates  felt  hard, 
and  there  was  swelling  and  tenderness  in  them ;  thighs  of  a  livid 
colour,  with  blue  and  yellowish  marks  as  in  a  *'  black  and  blue  eye/* 
There  was  also  sense  of  great  weight  across  lower  part  of  loins,  and 
feeling  of  being  drawn  in  as  by  a  tight  cord,  I  had  all  the  while  a 
longing  desire  to  be  m  the  free  open  air  of  the  country.'* 

h.  During  first  2  or  3  d,  there  were  ever  and  anon  a  few  patches  on 
face,  and  especially  on  forehead,  disappearing  and  recurring,  resemblinj 
the  A.  rash.  There  was  also  some  coryza.  After  a  few  d.  larynx  an 
trachea  became  affected,  and  he  had  a  dry,  short  and  hacking  cough. 
Chest  then  became  affected  ;  he  had  pains  over  thorax,  stitches  with 
cough,  which  increased  pain  ;  a  great  deal  of  hypochondriacal  anxiety  j 
there  was  great  tightness  of  chest,  with  difficulty  of  respiration.  (He 
had  only  had  camphor  and  ignatia  up  to  this  time,  but  now  took 
phosphorus.)  After  suffering  with  these  symptoms  for  about  a  fort* 
night  he  was  one  night  overtaken  with  great  distress  about  heart, 
stitches  there,  faintness,  feeble,  hurried,  and  irregular  pulse,  horror  of 
instant  death.  Aconite  and  arsenicum  were  given  to  him,  and  he  soon 
after  went  into  the  country. 

c.  It  was  fully  a  month  from  the  commencement  of  his  sufferings 
from  A .  before  he  was  delivered  from  the  medicinal  disease.  The  ejects 
on  mind  and  disposition  were  no  less  remarkable  than  those  on  the 
body.  The  patient  is  naturally  cheerful,  kindly,  genial ;  but  throughout 
this  illness  he  was  downcast,  waspish,  and  peevish*  He  is  naturally  of 
keen  sensitiveness,  and  this  was  greatly  exasperated.  He  had  more  or 
less  hypochondriacal  anxiety  throughout.  (Chafman,  Brit,  Jeum.  ^f 
i/<?w.,  vii,  391.) 

4.  a.  On  July  1st,  1874,  I  was  called  to  Mad.  C — .  This  lady, 
multipara,  and  at  the  eighth  month  of  a  fresh  pregnancy,  had  taken  some 
soup  at  7  p.m.  Feeling  her  stomach  oppressed,  she  intended  to  take  a 
small  glass  of  cura9ao,  but  by  mistake  swallowed  two  tablespoonfuls  of 


ARNICA.  389 

tincture  of  A.  She  immediately  felt  sensation  of  burning  in  throat, 
which  persisted ;  5  m.  later  violent  pain  at  pit  of  stomach  lasting  J  h.,  at 
same  time  heat  and  considerable  perspiration  compelling  change  of 
linen.  There  was  also  some  nausea.  After  ^  h.  a  small  stool  with 
colic,  followed  by  almost  irresistible  desire  for  sleep. 

b.  I  saw  patient  40  m.  after  accident.  I  found  her  in  bed,  face 
red,  pulse  quick,  skin  hot  and  perspiring,  complaining  of  nothing  at 
present  but  excessive  sleepiness.  The  feeling  of  burning  in  the  throat 
had  gone  off  after  the  first  15  m.  I  gave  Ipec,  3,  every  10  m.  Between 
8  and  10  patient  was  seized  with  three  more  painful  cramps  in  stomach, 
but  shorter  and  less  severe  than  the  first.  She  then  slept  all  n.,  and 
rose  lively  the  next  m.,  complaining  of  nothing  but  sleepiness,  which 
passed  ofFduring  d.  There  was  no  threatening  of  miscarriage.  (Imbert- 
GoURBEYRE,  VJrt  Medical^  xliv,  12.) 

5.  In  Oct.,  1867,  a  man,  aet.  69,  had  a  fall.  He  got  up  without 
help,  and,  feeling  bruised  all  over,  took  a  decoction  of  30  grammes  of 
A.  flowers.  In  a  very  brief  space  he  was  seized  with  such  violent 
symptoms,  that  he  believed  himself  attacked  by  cholera,  then  prevalent 
in  the  neighbourhood.  Efforts  to  vomit,  extreme  anxiety,  feeling  of 
constriction  at  level  of  attachments  of  diaphragm,  pallor,  cold  sweat, 
small  and  frequent  pulse,  convulsive  movements  of  limbs  alternating 
with  tremor  of  whole  body,  were  effects  of  this  poisoning.  Opium 
internally,  and  belladonna  in  friction  along  spine,  gradually  quieted  the 
symptoms  ;  it  was  not  till  after  3  d.  of  constant  care  that  patient  could 
be  considered  out  of  danger.     (Cazin,  Desplantes  mSdicinaUs  indigenes.) 

6.  The  inconsiderate  use  of  A.  may  sometimes  occasion  somewhat 

CLve  accidents,  such  as  M.  Alibert  recently  saw  at  the  Hopital  St. 
uis,  in  the  case  of  a  man  who  had  been  gorged  with  decoction  of  A. 
flowers  after  a  fall.  He  had  obstinate  vomiting,  vertigo,  convulsions, 
and  the  symptoms  could  not  be  subdued  till  after  some  d.  (Biett, 
Diet.  des.  sc,  m^d,,  1812.     Probably  same  as  5. — Eds.) 

7.  On  Aug.  6th,  1864,  a  middle-aged  man  was  brought  to  the 
hospital  having  (on  previous  e.)  swallowed  about  3j  of  tincture  of  A. 
For  a  short  time  patient  had  felt  nothing  but  a  little  burning  in  the 
throat.  He  had  slept  during  the  n.,  but  next  m.,  8  h.  after  swallowing 
the  tincture,  a  violent  pain  had  come  on  at  pit  of  stomach,  worse  on 
pressure,  with  malaise  and  great  weakness.  Two  h.  later  patient  was 
found  in  a  state  of  collapse.  Eyes  were  sunken  and  glassy  ;  pupils 
dilated  and  insensible  to  light :  pulse  about  100,  feeble,  irregular  ;  skin 
cold  and  dry.  He  was  given  20  drops  of  laudanum  with  some  brandy  ; 
and  after  a  second  dose,  aided  by  warm  coverings  and  hot  bottles,  began 
to  improve.  Next  d.  he  left  the  hospital  quite  recovered.  ("  Arnica, 
Case  of  Poisoning  by  Tincture  of,"  reported  by  H.  Bertin,  M.R.C.S., 
Lancet  J  vol.  ii,  1864,  p.  571.) 

8.  Mad.  M — ,  act.  32,  took  at  10  a.m.  on  Feb.  23rd,  as  an 
emmenagogue,  two  glasses  of  an  infusion  of  A.  flowers.  In  \  h.  violent 
vomiting  came  on,  with  great  congestion  of  head,  headache,  vertigo, 
&c.  In  afternoon,  frequent  diarrhoea  with  sharp  colic ;  also  severe 
pains  at  pit  of  stomach,  making  her  cry  out  loudly.  Between  6  and 
7  p.m.  a  bad  fainting-fit  occurred.     I  found  her  at  8.30  in  complete 


390 


ARNICA. 


collapse^  though  the  attendants  spoke  of  her  as  already  somewhat 
better  ;  face  was  drawn  j  skin  cool,  without  sweat ;  pulse  54,  thready* 
She  complained  continually  of  violent  pains  in  stomach,  which  hot 
applications  did  not  relieve.  An  opiate  caused  pains  to  diminish  up  to 
midnight,  when  they  ceased,  and  patient  slept  till  m.  I  found  her,  on 
23rd,  still  very  prostrated,  but  without  pain  and  more  cheerful.  Skin 
was  still  remarkably  cool,  pulse  60  and  small*  No  more  diarrhoea. 
On  24th  was  summoned  to  her  at  6.30 a*m.  Violent  pains  at  stomach 
had  returned  j  she  felt  congested  in  lungs  almost  as  if  haemorrhage 
would  occur.  Catamenia  had  appeared  slightly  ;  there  had  been  a 
liquid  stool  ;  pulse  was  small  and  slow.  The  opiate  and  a  hot  sitz- 
bath  were  ordered.  Menstrual  flow  was  not  increased  by  latter  j  and 
in  e.  gastric  pains  became  yet  more  severe.  Pulse  was  scarcely  to  be 
felt,  60.  Under  morphia  pains  disappeared,  and  were  again  checked  by 
it  on  a  recurrence  during  n.  and  next  e.  In  m.  pulse  80,  fuller  ;  patient 
complained  only  of  weakness  and  heaviness  of  head.  From  this  time, 
under  nux  vomica,  &c.,  she  continued  to  improve.  (Schumann, 
Schmidesjahrbucher,  1868.) 

9.  Mdlle.  K — ,  set,  20,  took  some,  in  c,  of  Feb.  24th,  for  like 
purpose.  She  was  seized,  during  n.,  with  violent  vomiting,  watery 
purging  with  continued  urging  to  stool  (so  that  she  could  hardly  quit 
the  close-stool  all  the  n.)  and  excessive  pain  at  stomach.  The  continual 
vomiting  brought  up  only  small  quantities  of  tasteless  yellowish  fluid. 
Face  and  extremities  were  cold  j  temperature  of  general  surface  normal  ; 
pulse  full,  retarded.  The  epigastrium  only  was  sensitive  to  pressure 
This  continued  in  spite  of  ipecacuanha  and  opium,  with  cold  ;  but 
vomiting  and  diarrhoea  diminished.  Pains  returned  yet  more  severely 
during  n.,  and  remained  all  next  d.,  being  aggravated  by  hot  poultices. 
Morphia  was  freely  used,  and  pains  subsided,  to  return  again  at  noon 
on  27th  and  28th.  On  ist  March  catamenia  flowed  freely,  and  pains 
gradually  and  finally  departed,  leaving  weakness  and  loss  of  appetite. 
(Meding,  Ibid.^  1870.) 

10.  A  cavalry  soldier  took,  to  prevent  recurrence  of  a  tertian  fever, 
a  wineglassful  of  an  infusion  of  A.  flowers  every  2  h.  Very  soon  after 
first  glass  he  felt  a  great  working  in  the  stomach  \  something  then 
seemed  to  get  on  the  chest  and  press  it  j  respiration  was  embarrassed ; 
there  followed  pressure  on  head,  swimmings,  startings  in  hmbs.  He 
could  not  get  up  \  fell,  and  was  unable  to  stand.  This  curious  state 
lasted  4  h. ;  each  glass  renewed  it,  but  with  less  intensity.  (Barbier, 
Traite  de  Mature  Midicale^  i**37-) 

11.  A  guardsman,  troubled  with  palpitation  and  a  convulsive 
trembling  of  the  1.  arm,  was  put  on  a  decoction  of  A,  The  first  glass 
provoked  nausea  in  a  few  m.  ;  at  the  same  time  came  a  general 
shuddering,  drawings  extended  into  limbs,  even  to  extremities  of  hngers, 
accompanied  with  indescribable  sensations,  also  by  involuntary  move- 
ments. The  chest  could  scarcely  expand,  and  the  respiratory  muscles 
were  in  a  state  of  tonic  contraction.     (Ibid.) 

J  2.  Louis  Meline,  «t.  28,  big  and  strong,  in  excellent  health, 
carried  on  July  21st  too  heavy  a  load,  which  caused  him  pain  in  the 
back  and  oppression,  without  cough  or  spitting  of  blood.     His  mother 


ARNICA. 


S9» 


made  htm  drink  a  very  strong  infusion  of  A.  flowers.  Soon  after,  M-^ 
felt  a  general  agitation,  which  went  on  increasing  to  such  a  degree  that 
on  the  4th  d.  he  had  general  tetanus  of  r»  side.  This  state  continued 
3d.,  when  I  saw  him.  Chloroform  inhalation  caused  cessation  of 
spasm,  but  for  a  time  gradually  decreasing  in  extent ;  and  he  died  on 
April  I  St.  There  was  no  autopsy*  (Turck,  Journ,  des  cmnaiss.  mSd,- 
chirurg,,  1853.) 

13,  I  once  saw  a  large  dose  of  A.,  taken  by  a  young  girl  for  a 
culpable  object,  followed  by  very  violent  abdominal  pains  simulating 
peritonitis,  and  complicated  with  a  general  nervous  agitation.     {Ibid,) 

14,  GriHot  has  observed,  from  an  excessive  dose  of  A.,  severe 
vertigo,  lasting  several  h,,  and  preventing  the  patient  from  standing  or 
sitting  upright.     {Ibid,) 

15,  In  1870  I  attended  an  architect  who  had  fallen  from  a  scaffold- 
ing and  was  picked  up  much  bruised.  He  had  been  made  to  swallow 
immediately  a  teaspoonful  of  tincture  of  A.  in  eau  sucre ;  and  a 
compress  of  the  same  tincture  somewhat  diluted  with  water  had  been 
applied.  Several  vomitings  had  followed ;  and  when  I  saw  the  patient 
I  prescribed  Arnica  6,  but  continued  the  compresses.  At  the  end  of 
this  time  the  patient  was  seized  with  a  constant  and  most  fatiguing 
hiccup,  which  lasted  48  h.  before  yielding  to  nux  vomica,  (Imbert- 
GouRB£YR£,  loc,  cit,  Sachs  is  here  quoted  as  acknowledging  the  power 
of  A.  to  induce  hiccup.) 

16,  A  woman  who  had  tertian  fever  for  4  months  took  3J  of  A. 
flowers  in  infusion.  It  caused  dulness  of  sight ;  the  next  paroxysm 
was  more  severe.  Two  d.  later  she  took  a  yet  stronger  infusion  ;  and 
considerable  dulness  of  sight  ensued,  with  vertigo,  trembling,  anxiety, 
violent  vomiting  and  diarrhoea  for  some  h,  A  long  deep  sleep  followed, 
from  which  she  awoke  m  good  condition.  The  fever  disappeared. 
(Bird,  Harless'  Rhein  Jahrbuchery  1825.) 

17,  On  July  1 6th,  1869,  Mr.  X — ,  set.  66,  gouty,  fell  violently  on 
one  knee.  Though  pain  was  severe  he  was  able  to  return  home,  but 
had  scarcely  sat  down  when  he  felt  a  strong  rush  of  blood  to  the 
bruised  knee.  Fearing  gout  would  settle  there  he  had  part  bathed 
with  tinct.  of  A,,  for  7  h,  consecutively.  He  also  took  the  drug 
internally.  By  e.,  10  h.  after  fall,  all  pain  had  abated  ;  but  during  n, 
came  on  sleeplessness  j  frontal  pain  as  if  part  were  strongly  congested  ; 
pain  in  temples  on  coughing,  in  nucha  on  standing,  and  in  whole  body 
when  lying  as  if  it  were  on  pebbles  i  vertigo  ;  bilious  vomiting ;  mouth 
cool,  with  thirst,  desire  for  strong  drinks  ;  blurred  vision  ;  pulse 
frequent.  The  next  d.  he  complained  of  serious  difficulty  of  sight  ; 
frequent  diplopia  ;  hallucinations  of  vision  \  he  could  not  judge  of 
distances  and  saw  only  half  an  object.  Intelligence  and  memory  were 
good  i  gait  uncertain,  motion  awkward  j  want  ,of  appetite ;  thirst  as 
before  ;  still  slight  vertigo.  i8th, — Does  not  quite  know  where  he  is, 
or  recognise  rooms  he  enters.  Constantly  sees  a  bright  light  with  \, 
eye,  which  disappears  on  closing  that  eye,  but  reappears  on  closing  both. 
These  symptoms  lasted  4  d.  altogether  j  but  the  visual  hallucinations 
continued  some  time  after*  (Gailliard,  Journ,  du  Diip,  Hakn,^ 
Jan.,  1870.) 


392 


ARNICA. 


18.  tf.  Drs,  Galoni  and  Manxoni^  of  Rome,  describe  [Giorn,  di 
Rorna^  June,  1867)  a  vesicular  eruption,  with  redness  and  swellings 
resembling  phlyctenoid  erysipelas,  as  having  followed  the  local  applica- 
tion of  A*  It  commences  by  slightly  raised  pink  points  on  the  pbce 
rubbed,  which  multiply  and  increase  and  become  an  infinite  number  of 
miliary  vesicles  resembling,  though  less  in  size,  the  eruption  produced 
by  croton  oiL  The  eruption,  accompanied  by  tumefaction,  extends 
beyond  the  points  touched  by  the  application,  and  may  be  accompanied 
with  fever  in  proportion  to  its  intensity, 

b^  Nothing  being  easier  than  to  repeat  this  experiment,  we  rubbed 
the  posterior  part  of  one  forearm  with  a  cloth  well  soaked  in  undiluted 
tincture  of  A*  At  first  only  a  uniform  redness  was  produced  ;  but  in 
5  m«^  at  the  root  of  each  hair,  a  little  sharp  red  point  appeared,  which 
soon  became  a  little  papule,  umbilicated  on  account  of  the  presence  of 
the  hair-bulb*  We  repeated  the  rubbing  three  times  in  the  d.,  but 
could  not  continue  it  long  without  causing  a  little  blood  to  exude  from 
each  papule.  Next  d.  they  were  mostly  sunken,  but  some  converted 
into  small  pustules  \  others  had  a  small  scab  of  dried  blood.  During 
and  after  the  friction,  on  the  points  touched  and  a  little  beyond  them, 
there  was  a  tingling  similar  to  that  felt  when  the  electric  brush  is 
passed  over  the  damp  skin.  The  eruption  ceased  with  the  use  of  the 
tincture ;  was  not  produced  when  this  was  much  diluted  ^  and  simple 
alcohol  of  the  same  strength  produced  only  a  diffused  redness  without 
the  eruption  or  sensation  described.     (Guillemot,  ap,  cit.) 

19.  Mrs,  W — ,  aet,  50,  sprained  her  ankle  on  May  26th,  and 
applied  a  rag  saturated  with  pore  tincture  of  A.  In  la  h.  this  pro* 
duced  "erysipelas,"  which  was  treated  with  various  remedies  and 
applications  till  the  28th,  when  I  saw  her,  and  found  her  in  very  great 
suffering.  A  band  of  infiammation  about  3  inches  in  width  nearly 
encircled  the  ankle-joint,  of  dusky-purple  colour,  upper  part  raised  ijito 
large  flattened  blebs,  lower  part  slightly  suppurating  ;  oedematous  for 
several  inches  above  and  below ;  the  whole  most  exquisitely  tender, 
and  looking  most  like  a  severe  scald  or  burn  ;  general  disturbance  very 
slight,  save  for  want  of  sleep  ;  one  eye  slightly  inflamed  and  ItcU 
swollen  i  a  small  erysipelatous  patch  on  n  palm«  Under  arsenicum 
and  belladonna  she  recovered  in  about  5  d.  (J.  N.  Blake,  Monthly 
Horn,  Rru.^  xviii,  S52*) 

20.  Capt.  S —  burned  his  foot  slightly,  and  applied  a  weak  solution 
of  A,  to  it.  Some  days  after,  on  mounting  his  horse,  he  rubbed  off  a 
little  skin,  and  again  applied  A., — a  compress  soaked  in  a  lotion  of  2 
drops  to  3J  of  water.  Some  d.  later  an  erythematous  inflammation 
appeared  about  the  wound  with  a  severe  infiltration  of  cellular  tissue- 
The  infiammation  soon  extended  in  all  directions,  invading  hands, 
face,  eyelids,  r»  ear,  ^nd  r.  side  of  neck.  It  then  appeared  that  during 
sleep  he  had  held  his  hand,  wrapped  in  a  compress  of  A,,  to  the  r,  side 
of  his  face.  The  erythema  increased  for  3  or  4  d,,  causing  much 
itching  and  ending  in  exfoliation  j  there  came  moreover  little  blebs  on 
face,  wrists,  thighs,  and  lower  abdomen,  some  of  which  burst*  (Low. 
DER,  Horn,  Umis^  Nov.,  1853,) 

21  •  A  lady,  of  sanguine  temperament  and  v^ty  healthy,  fell  on  the 


ARNICA. 


393 


ice  and  severely  sprained  her  wrist.  We  applied  cloths  dipped  in  an 
A,  lotion^  20  drops  to  the  oz.  These  were  continued,  with  alternate 
use  of  plain  cold  water  bandages,  for  8  or  lO  d.  The  sprain  being 
then  very  much  better  we  did  not  call  for  4  d.  On  revisiting  patient, 
we  found  she  had  persisted  with  the  A.,  using  30  to  40  drops  to  the  oz. 
She  had  observed,  for  2  d,,  a  slight  redness  of  the  skin,  attended  with 
great  itching.  On  examination,  we  found  the  outer  side  of  wrist 
covered  with  a  small  miliary  eruption*  In  2  d.  this  had  very  much 
increased  j  the  whole  forearm  and  hand  were  red  and  very  much 
swelled,  the  surface  covered  with  numerous  small  semi  transparent 
vesicles,  with  red  bases  ;  in  some  parts  they  were  confluent.  There 
was  great  heat  and  excessive  irritation  from  the  itching.  The  erup- 
tion, where  it  first  appeared,  died  away,  leaving  slight  desquamation  of 
the  epidermis,  but  the  redness  and  swelling  continued.  On  8th  and 
9th  d.,  swelling  had  spread  above  elbow  half* way  up  arm,  but  no 
eruption  was  visible  there.  On  loth  d.,  patient  complained  of  heat 
and  itching  of  face^  skin  became  red,  and  over  I.  malar  bone  eruption 
appeared  j  swelling  and  redness  soon  involved  I.  eyelids.  The  course 
seemed  to  be,  first  heat  and  great  itching  of  skin,  then  redness,  then 
appearance  of  minute  vesicles,  increasing  in  size,  and  producing 
intolerable  itching.  These  gradually  subside,  leaving  slight  desquama- 
tion and  redness.  In  arm  skin  remained  for  some  time  covered  with 
slight  scabs  and  hard  almost  like  leather.  There  was  no  fever,  and 
headache  only  when  tace  was  affected,  (Black,  Brit.  Journ.  of  Htjm.y 
ii,  276,) 

22.  A  man  of  strong  constitution,  act.  70,  fell  and  bruised  his  hand. 
He  applied  a  fomentation  of  diluted  cincture  of  A.  On  waking  in  m., 
he  found  injured  hand  almost  black.  Dr.  Oschenheimer,  arriving 
shortly  after,  found  face,  neck,  breast,  and  back  in  a  state  of  erysipe- 
latous inflammation,  1.  hand  dark  blue,  covered  with  vesicles  of  various 
sizes,  some  as  large  as  a  pigeon's  egg  j  pulse  was  quick,  patient 
depressed.  After  4  d,  this  erythema,  with  some  pustules  which  had 
formed  in  connection  with  it,  went  off,  and  the  patient  gradually 
became  quite  well,     {CEsUr,  Med.  IVochensckr.y  1844,  No,  9.) 

23.  A  girl  who  was  using  an  A.  lotion  for  an  old  sprain  came  and 
showed  me  her  knee,  which,  after  having  been  wrapped  in  an  A. 
compress  some  d.,  showed  every  sign  of  bruise ;  it  was  first  blackish, 
then  changed  to  a  greenish,  afterwards  yellowish  hue,  before  it  recovered. 
Patient  supposed  it  was  "drawing  the  bruise  out ; ''  but  as  the  sprain 
was  of  many  weeks'  standing,  even  that  popular  hypothesis  would  not 
explain  the  fact,     (Bayes,  Applied  Homasopathy^  p,  54.) 

24.  a.  A  gentleman,  far  advanced  in  years,  was  threatened  with 
cerebral  congestion,  for  which  I  prescribed  A,  He  warned  me  that 
A*  always  produced  erysipelas  with  him.  In  that  case,  I  said,  I  will 
give  you  such  a  dose  as  cannot  possibly  produce  such  an  accident ;  and 
1  ordered  him  the  l8th  dil.  Next  d.  he  had  decided  swelling  and 
erysipelatoid  rash  around  mouth,  affecting  especially  upper  lip. 

h,  I  have  another  patient,  a  lady  of  high  rank,  whose  sensitiveness 
goes  even  beyond  this.  Her  husband  and  sons,  fond  of  field  sports,  use 
a  small  quantity  of  A*  in  their  bath  after  an  unusually  tiring  d,,  or  an 


394 


ARNICA. 


A,  lotion  or  compress  for  bruises  or  strains.     But  under  these  circuin* 

stances,  if  they  go  immediately  afterwards  into  the  room  where  Lady  — 
is,  she  invariably  has  slight  erysipelas  of  the  face,  with  puffiness  of 
both  eyelids  and  great  irritation  of  the  skin.  Her  last  attack  of  this 
kind  was  induced  by  her  having  thoughtlessly  mixed  a  dose  of  a 
dilution  of  A*  for  her  husband,  one  drop  of  which  fell  on  her  finger  j 
and  although  she  immediately  washed  it  off,  she  had  erysipelas  in  her 
face  next  d.*     (Ibid,  Monthly  Horn,  Rev,^  xrx,  623.) 

25.  A  lady  took,  for  a  strain,  pilules  of  3rd  diL  of  A*  Towards 
e.  of  2nd  d.  face  ached,  and  she  fancied  she  had  caught  cold.  Next 
m.  felt  very  poorly,  took  one  pilule  early  and  another  at  noon.  Face 
got,  worse  ;  by  e.  had  every  appearance  of  erysipelas,  Felt  very  ill, 
and  had  to  stay  in  bed  for  48  h,,  by  which  time  swelling  had  gone 
down,  A  week  later,  after  3  d»  of  200th  diL,  face  became  hot,  stifF, 
and  a  little  swelled,  but  soon  got  right  under  aconite,  (Dyce  Brown, 
ii/^,,  xxii,  171.) 

26.  Mrs*  O —  fell  upon  her  chest  against  a  stack  of  wood.  There 
was  no  wound,  but  she  had  considerable  pain  inwardly,  especially  when 
she  moved  or  exerted  herself.  For  this  she  drank  an  infusion  of  one 
drachm  of  arnica  flowers.  Soon  afterwards  she  got  dimness  of  vision, 
trembling  and  great  weakness  of  all  limbs  with  vertigo  and  stupefaction. 
She  lay  for  some  time  quite  faint.  Flickering  before  eyes,  ringing  tn 
cars.  Intermittent  pulse.  Scraping  in  throat,  pressure  strong  in  stomach. 
Then  vomiting  ensued,  but  it  was  long  before  she  felt  again  strong  and 
well,  and  in  that  previously  healthy  woman  there  occurred  many  sym- 
ptoms, from  some  of  which  she  still  suffers  and  which  were  certainly 
caused  by  the  arnica.  She  suffered  much  from  congestions,  the  cata- 
menia  were  often  profuse  and  attended  with  pain.  Frequent  epistaxis. 
Frequent  spasms  of  stomach,  pressure  and  boring  in  it ;  it  feels  con- 
tracted and  then  distended  with  flatulence,  swollen  until  relieved  by 
eructation.  Sometimes  the  L  side  feels  as  \^  ulcerated.  Nausea  and 
frequent  vomiting.  Rumbling  in  belly  and  frequent  tearing  pains,  then 
urging  to  stool.  Painful  shooting  and  burning  in  anus  and  spasmodic 
contractions  there.  Sometimes  small  pimples  broke  out  which  discharged 
bloody  matter.  At  same  time  pusillanimity,  occasionally  anguish,  and 
prsecordial  anxiety. 

Others  have  observed  spasm  of  stomach,  nausea,  and  vomiting. 
Others  felt  shocks  like  electricity  in  various  parts  of  body,  dry  tongue^ 
cough  sometimes  with  expectoration  of  blood,  nausea  and  miliary  raah* 
(Emmersch,  Jrchivy  xviii,  40,) 

27.  A  lady,  aet,  60,  stout,  delicate,  nervous,  bruised  leg  in  a  fell, 
and  arn,  in  various  dilutions  of  tinct,,  and  once  tinct.  itself,  had  been 
rubbed  into  leg  and  retained  there  by  bandage  and  oiled  silk  for  12  d. 
Bright  redness  then  appearing  on  front  of  leg,  it  was  discontinued  ;   but 


next  d.  reaness  nad  mcreased,  ana  "  small  Diaaaers  "  began  to  form, 
with  some  itching-  On  17th  d.  Dr.  Clarke  saw  her.  There  was  no 
constitutional  disturbance  and  no  local  pain  even  on  walking.      Leg 

•  ♦*!  know  a  lady  who»  having  ii  years  before  made  too  free  use  of  A.,  could 
not  inhale  it  without  having  erysipelatous  spots  on  different  parts  of  body/'  (Gail* 
hiAKD,y(mrn.  du  Disp.  Hahn.y  iS69fp.  79.) 


ARNICA.  395 

was  swollen  and  pitted  on  pressure.  Lower  portion  was  coloured  red 
and  black  with  extravasations.  There  were  a  few  mattery  points  the 
size  of  lentils.  Much  of  epidermis  was  raised,  and  clear  fluid  was 
oozing  at  points.  Discolouration  spread  round  calf,  but  was  less  deep 
and  uniform  than  in  front.  There  was  no  tenderness.  Under  rest, 
drv  warmth,  and  arsenicum  patient  soon  recovered.  (J.  H.  Clarke, 
M.D.,  yfmer.  Hom.y  Oct.,  1885.) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals. — I.  a.  In  June,  1873,  ^^  injected 
into  the  rectum  of  a  large-sized  dog,  at  2  p.m.,  two  grammes  of  tinct. 
diluted  with  water.  After  10  m.  the  animal  became  much  excited ;  it 
began  to  frisk,  to  howl,  then  to  scratch  the  ground  with  its  paws,  and 
to  roll  about  with  cries.  Rectal  tenesmus  next  came  on,  and  contrac- 
tions of  the  diaphragm,  but  neither  stools  nor  vomitings.  At  2.30 
another  order  of  phenomena  manifested  themselves :  we  saw  the 
animal  tremble  on  its  legs,  move  in  a  hyenoid  manner,  and  give  way 
at  its  hind  quarters,  extending  the  lees  as  if  instinctively  to  enlarge 
the  base  of  support.  Soon  this  posterior  paresis  alternated  with  con- 
tractions which  bent  the  creature  like  a  bow,  and  affected  now  one 
and  now  another  of  the  hind  legs,  then  both  at  one  time.  At  length 
these  contractions  ceased,  so  that  by  4  o'clock  there  was  nothing  but 
great  lassitude,  retraction  of  hair,  dull  eyes,  groanings,  and  hiccuj) ;  the 
animal  ended  bv  rolling  itself  up  and  sleeping.  Next  d.  it  had  regained 
its  usual  condition  but  for  several  diarrhceic  stools. 

b.  Administered  by  the  mouth,  the  same  preparation,  in  the  same 
dose,  produced  in  this  dog  a  frothy  and  very  abundant  salivation,  which 
lasted  I  h. ;  there  were  two  vomitings,  the  contractions  were  much  less 
marked.     (Guillemot,  op.  cit.) 

2.  ViBORG  administered  an  infusion  to  horses,  and  found  that  in 
moderate  doses  it  increased  action  of  hearty  flow  of  urine,  and  warmth 
of  skin,  and  that  these  eflfects  were  accompanied  and  followed  by  full 
pulse,  muscular  tremors,  and  depression.  In  larger  doses  it  produced 
similar  effects  in  a  more  marked  degree.  When  injected  into  their  veins 
it  occasioned  flow  of  saliva,  heat  of  skin,  genend  tremulousness^  with 
roughness  of  coat,  laboured  breathing,  and  full  pulse.  To  these  sym- 
ptoms succeeded  general  depression,  with  drooping  head  and  closed 
eyes.  The  animal  could  scarcely  stand,  and  finally  lay  down  quite 
insensible  to  all  external  irritants.  Within  2  h.  he  perfectly  recovered. 
Effects  entirely  similar,  but  of  longer  duration,  were  observed  in  a  cow. 
(Stille,  op.  cit.y  sub  voce.) 


59^ 


ARSENICUM. 


ARSENICUM. 

[Including  Arsitdcum  album,  arsenlous  anhydride  (acid),  As^O^;  A^  f« 
arscnious  iodide,  Asl, ;  A.  metattkum^  A»  \  Kali  anenicemm^  potassrum  arsenlte^ 
AsjO^KjO  ;  and  Nafrum  arsenicum^  hydric  disodic  arsenate  (arscniatc  of  soda)» 
Na,HAsO,,7HaO.] 

L  Provings. — I.  HAHNEMANN^  Materia  Medica  PurayVoU  li  of 
original,  vol.  i  of  English  version.  Contains  697  symptoms  obtained 
by  self  and  fellow  observers  with  arsenious  acid,  and  382  from  authors — 
effects  of  various  preparations  of  metaL 

2,  Ibid,  Chronic  Diseaies^  part  v  of  original,  vol.  of  translation^ 
Contains  202  additional  symptoms,  from  arsenious  acid. 

3,  a.  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbeyre  took  i  gr,  of  4th  trit.  Jan.  26th, 
27th^  29th,  30th,  Feb.  ist,  2nd,  3rd,  in  m,  fasting.  Nothing  observed 
on  26th  and  27th.  On  28th,  slightly  painful  sensitiveness  of  both  eyes  j 
was  told  they  looked  red,  as  if  he  had  been  crying;  found  coDJunctiva 
finely  injected,  redness  pale  and  diffused.  On  29th,  nothing.  On 
30th,  prcssive  headache  in  both  temples  the  whole  d.  Eyes  stiff;  heavy, 
a  little  hot  and  sensitive,  with  some  diiBculty  in  moving  lids  ;  they  look 
veiled  and  finely  injected  ;  several  times  they  feel  moist  and  as  if  filled 
with  tears,  but  no  actual  lachrymation  occurs.  Weight  m  stomach 
and  anorexia  all  d.  In  e.  for  4 — 5  m.  slight  but  well-marked  pain  in 
upper  and  lower  r.  molars  ;  and  several  times  then,  but  especially  when 
lying  down,  head  oppressed,  and  sense  of  burning  and  slight  pricking  in 
both  eyes.  During  following  d.,  fetigue,  more  in  m,  than  e.  ;  and 
even  for  a  fortnight  after  ceasing  proving,  a  decided  stiffness  of  eyelids, 
which  (with  the  other  ocular  symptoms)  he  never  experienced  before, 

b.  On  14th  May  took  daily,  for  9  d.,  three  doses  of  13th  trit.  On 
i6th,  dulness  of  head,  frontal  region,  all  d.,  in  e.  becoming  really 
annoying,  mingled  with  still  more  painful  throbbings  there  and  in 
temples.  Twice  in  5  m.  he  experienced  sharp  pains  along  course  of 
r,  lower  maxillary  nerve,  each  time  five  or  six  very  distinct  and  painful 
lancinations.  Same  headache  and  neuralgic  shoots  later,  when  in  bed. 
|On  17th,  dulness  of  head  all  e.  i  for  4  d.  following,  continuous  and 
marked  stiffness  of  eyelids.  On  22nd,  much  gum  on  eyelids  when 
waking ;  in  e.  began  to  feel  as  it  were  sand  in  eyes,  obliging  him  to 
rub  them.  For  last  2  d.  slight  coryxa.  For  15  d.  he  continued  to 
feel  stiffness  and  weight  in  eyelids,  which  he  had  never  experienced 
before.      {£tudes  sur  qudquis  symptomes  de  C arsenic^  Paris,  1863,) 

4,  M.  BoNjEAN,  medical  student,  took  4th  trit.  Jan.  26th,  27th, 
29th,  30th,  31st,  and  Feb.  ist,  2nd,  3rd.  On  29th  and  30th,  feeling 
of  burning  and  smarting  [probably  in  eyes,  but  it  is  not  said  where, — 
Eds.].  On  31st,  these,  with  pricking,  continue  \  slight  lachrymation 
in  m,  ;  in  e.,  feeling  as  of  sand  in  eyes.  ist. — Same  burning  and 
pricking  j  eyes  arc  stiff.  On  2nd,  I.  infra-orbital  pain  with  shoots  and 
prickings,  rather  sharp  for  the  moment.  Great  itching  in  both  eyes, 
also  in  nose,  at  n.     On  3rd,  vomiting  i  h.  after  rising.     Head  dull  all 


ARSENICUM. 


397 


the  d,,  as  if  he  had  been  revelling  the  previous  n.  Some  itching  in 
eyes,  especially  at  n.  Very  bad  headache.  On  4th  ,  bilrous  vomiting 
on  rising.  This  d.  and  next,  frequent  need  of  handkerchief,  with 
itching  in  nostrils.     [Ibid*) 

5.  M,  SouLEYRE  took  same.  On  Feb.  ist,  in  e.,  felt  suddenly 
sharp  pain  in  eyelids,  virith  very  painful  pricking :  eyes  at  same  time 
began  to  water  for   10  m.     On  and,  at  9  a.m*,   lachrymation  again  ; 

'  same  feeling  of  stiffness  and  pricking  in  lids.  On  3rd,  feeling  of 
smarting  there,  as  from  exposure  to  smoke,  lasting  all  d.  On  4th, 
same  symptoms  recurred  about  4  p,m,,  but  for  a  few  m,  only.  No 
further  lachrymation,  but  for  next  3  d.  occasional  and  transitory 
prickinc,     (Ibid,) 

6.  M,  Damour  took  same  for  5  d.  On  4th  d.  he  had  pain  in 
mouth,  commencing  at  I.  side,  then  involving  all  the  gums,  which  on 
5th  d.  were  swollen,  bleeding,  very  painful  to  touch,  dotted  with  white 
spots.  On  6th  d,  frequent  hawking.  On  7th  d.  considerable  saliva- 
tion. On  examining  mouth,  gingivo-labial  juncture  was  highly 
injected  ;  gums  swollen,  with  narrow  strips  of  white  false  membrane 
upon  them  J  great  formation  of  tartar  at  roots  of  teeth  ;  velum  palati 
red,  especially  at  base  ;  swallowing  a  little  difficult.  He  suffered  all 
that  n.  Next  d.  troubles  augmented  ;  same  salivation  ;  upper  and 
lower  gums  covered  everywhere  with  white  streaks.  It  was  some  d. 
before  mouth  regained  its  normal  state.     {Ibid) 

7.  Mile.  E — ,  took  for  15  d.  same  dose  m.  and  e.  After  3  d. 
began  to  be  troubled  with  frequent  itching  on  dorsal  surface  of  fingers^ 
with  appearance  of  acuminated  papules  between  them.  This  con- 
tinued till  end  of  proving  ;  itching  often  so  great  as  to  compel  vigorous 
scratching.  Similar  sensations  and  phenomena  in  less  degree  on  r, 
ear.  For  last  4  or  5  d.  of  proving  much  nasal  defluxion,  as  in  coryza. 
{Ibid,) 

8.  M.  Lalue  took  same  dose  on  e.  of 
daily  up  to  the  22nd.  Throughout  latter  d, 
compelling  scratching  j  also  at  pit  of  stomach, 
touch.     Also  all  d.  pain  in  teeth  of  K  upper 

only  ;  pains  and  itchings  had  ceased*  On  24th,  resumed  his  3  daily 
doses  ;  and  throughout  following  n,  had  itchings  on  head  and  several 
parts  of  body,  preventing  sleep.  On  rising  on  25th,  a  little  toothache 
as  before,  which  after  another  dose  became  severe,  accompanied  with 
abundant  salivation,  and,  in  spite  of  opiates,  did  not  abate  till  n.  He 
felt  general  malaise  and  coldness,  though  d.  was  warm  \  at  n.  had  to 
cover  himself  up  as  in  winter.  The  pains  came  always  in  distinct 
lancinations.  On  26th,  general  malaise  on  rising  j  feverish  during  d. 
up  to  e.     For  some  d.  he  had  felt  a  little  stiffness  in  eyelids.     {Ibid,) 

9.  a,  M.  Tardit  began  on  July  4th  to  take  same  dose  3  times  daily* 
No  symptoms  till  6th  in  e.^  when  he  had  sharp  colic,  and  in  n.  four 
diarrhaeic  stools.  On  7th,  colic  had  disappeared,  but  there  remained 
a  little  diarrhcca,  with  weariness  and  aching  in  limbs.  On  9th,  itching 
on  internal  surface  of  thighs,  increasing  on  ioth,and  affecting  especially 
K  side  of  scrotum,  which  was  redder  than  usual  and  very  hot*  He  was 
much  disturbed  :  sweating  and  itching  were  such  as  to  compel  applica- 


May  t7th,  and  3  times 

,  itching  on    hairy  scalp, 

Skin  of  head  tender  to 

jaw.     On  23rd,   I   dose 


ARSENICUM. 


eion  of  cold  compresses.  Next  m.,  an  enipcioo  of  minute  vesicles  was 
found  at  teat  of  irriutionf  which  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbcyre  prooouiiced 
**  itn  muniiique  eczema."  This  nui  tts  usuad  course  of  exudation  and 
desiocatiOD  :  after  4  or  5  d.  die  itching  diminished  greadj,  and  all  was 
over  at  the  eini  of  a  week. 

h.  On  24th  May  began  to  take  3  daOy  doses  of  8tfa  trh.  On  26tli, 
after  first  d<^y  a  somewhat  se%*ere  headache,  increasing  in  intensity  all 
d.,  with  marked  feeling  of  constnaion  at  temples,  as  in  intoxicatiofi. 
On  27th,  pin  less  severe,  hut  persistent  i  also  sense  of  stiffness  in 
thighs  as  after  a  long  march.  In  e.  this  fixling  tnraded  muscles  of 
nape,  and  there  was  general  weariness.  At  same  time  disagreeable 
heat  in  L  nasal  fossa,  with  dryness  at  back  of  mouth.  Genera]  malaise 
had  increased  and  become  very  unpleasant ;  complete  loss  of  appetite 
now  and  throughout  proving;  easy  and  copious  sweating.  The  n. 
was  bad  ;  it  seemed  as  if  he  were  about  to  have  a  febrile  rigor.  In  m^ 
muscular  stiffness  was  still  more  decided  j  it  extended  to  arms,  move* 
ment  of  which  was  painful.  Headache  had  disappeared,  but  coryza 
and  nasal  obstruction  were  great  and  very  annoying.  On  29th^  less 
general  stiffness.  This  m.  there  is  observed  an  eruption  of  small  red 
pimples,  conical,  closely  set,  occupying  whole  dorsum  first  of  K  then 
of  r.  hand  j  accompanied  with  itching  increased  by  rubbing.  On  30th 
eruption  had  extended  to  fingers  and  palmar  surface  of  hands  ;  itching 
more  intense.  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbeyre  pronounced  it  "  une  miliaire 
confluente/'  It  began  to  fade  on  31st,  but  neither  it  nor  the  coryza 
had  disappeared  by  June  6th,  The  prover  states  that  he  was  very 
subject  to  coryza  and  sorethroat ;  but  the  other  symptoms  were  quite 
new  to  him.     {I^id.) 

JO,  M.  PiRONOM  took  same  from  June  27th.  On  that  d.,  e.,  some 
stomach-ache.  From  time  to  time  stiffness  in  eyelids ;  some  oppres- 
sion on  going  upstairs  ;  general  lassitude.  On  28th  better,  but  on  29th, 
though  eyes  were  less  stiff,  he  had  much  sense  of  suffocation,  was 
obliged  to  go  to  open  window  to  breathe  ;  some  sorethroat  in  e.  Took 
no  more  mcd*  During  next  3  d.  symptoms  gradually  disappeared  ;  but 
on  July  3rd,  on  rising,  he  was  seized  with  pains  on  anterior  and  inner 
surface  of  thighs.      [Ibid.) 

II.  a,  M.  Tardieu  began  on  May  29th  to  take  4th  trit.  3  times 
a  d.  On  22nd,  on  rising,  violent  headache  worse  on  1,  side,  obliging 
him  to  lie  down  again.  He  had  felt  it  slightly  the  previous  days,  On 
23rd  noticed  deficiency  of  saliva  \  mouth  dry  and  tongue  coated ; 
general  malaise  followed  by  vomiting,  so  that  he  took  no  more  that  d. 
Next  d.  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbcyre  observed  on  his  gums  the  arsenical 
streak  (hce  1,  6),  To-day  and  for  3  d.  subsequently,  marked  disgust 
for  food.  From  5th  d.  of  proving  much  redness  inside  eyelids.  He 
felt  discomfort  there,  obliging  him  to  rub  frequently,  rather  than  pain. 
Proving  lasted  10  d. 

b*  Resumed  proving  on  July  1st.  On  4th  considerable  soreness  of 
throat ;  at  base  of  each  pillar  of  fauces  there  h  visible  a  large  aphtha  sur- 
rounded by  redness  ;  pharynx  also  is  reddened.  This  sorethroat  lasted 
4 — 5  d.  On  8th,  last  d.  of  proving,  there  appeared  on  his  chest  an 
rupcion  which  made  him  "suffer  horribly.'*     It  commenced    there 


ARSENICUM.  399 

with  little  red  pimples  obliging  scratching  even  to  blood  ;  next  d.  they 
appeared  also  on  arms  and  back.  From  loth — I2th,  though  discrete, 
they  covered  trunk  and  upper  extremities.  On  n.  of  13th  itching  was 
so  great  that  scratching  gave  insufficient  relief,  and  pure  vinegar  had  to 
be  applied.     After  this  eruption  gradually  disappeared.     {Ibid,) 

12.  Two  others  among  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbeyre's  students  proved  4th 
trit.  One  experienced  no  effect ;  the  other  only  coryza  and  stiff  neck. 
{Ibid.) 

13.  <7.  I  began  with  the  30th  dec.  attenuation,  putting  20  drops 
into  Oss  of  water,  of  which  mixture  I  took  a  tablespoonful  4  times  a  d. 
On  2nd  d.  I  observed  (not  having  an  unsound  spot  in  me)  nothing  but 
an  unusual  thirst,  which  I  attributed  to  exertion  in  warm  weather. 
But,  at  close  of  3rd  d.,  the  sensation  of  heat  in  mouth  rose  to  such  a 
pitch  that  I  was  obliged  to  drink  water  the  whole  e.,  uninterruptedly, 
without  being  able  in  the  least  to  allay  the  thirst.  It  disturbed  my 
sleep  at  n.,  and  was  present  undiminished  next  m.,  so  that  I  discon- 
tinued proving,  in  spite  of  which  it  did  not  disappear  till  after  2  d.  more. 

b.  After  8  weeks  I  proved  loth  dec.  in  same  manner.  On  2nd  d. 
I  felt  weary  and  averse  to  all  bodily  effort.  Weariness  increased  ;  on 
3rd  n.  there  was  little  sleep,  on  4th  none.  On  following  d.  the  thirst 
previously  experienced  began  again,  and  I  discontinued  the  experiment. 

c.  After  12  weeks  took  3X  dil.  in  same  manner.  On  very  ist  d. 
rumbling  in  bowels,  with,  on  2nd  d.,  severe  pains  there,  diarrhcea,  and 
inclination  to  vomit ;  so  that  I  again  closed  the  proving. 

In  a  later  proving  same  symptoms  were  experienced  from  each  dilu- 
tion.    (Grauvogl,  Textbook  of  Homoeopathy^  §  222.) 

14.  Dr.  Sherwen  took  gr.  -j^  of  arsenical  tartar*  internally.  It 
caused  some  uneasy  sensations  in  cesophagus,  not  unlike  heartburn,  and 
was  very  powerfully  diuretic.     {Mem.  of  Med.  Soc,  of  London^  ii,  394.) 

15.  Health  good  j  pulse  65,  regular.  Took  at  i  p.m.  2  gr.  2,  trit. 
of  ars.  alb.  dry  on  tongue.  Immediately  persistent  nausea,  followed  by 
pricking  pain  over  r.  eye.  1.6,  neuralgic  pain  from  r.  shoulder  to 
fingers  with  numbness,  burning  in  pharynx,  i.io,  nausea  returns, 
with  cold  sweat  on  forehead  after  exercise.  1.30,  sneezing  and  watery 
nose  i  very  tired  without  cause  j  dull  headache.  2,  thirst  5  drinking 
causes  nausea ;  headache  continued.  2.io,  called  to  urinate  more 
freely  than  usual.  3,  sinking  at  stomach;  cold  feet ;  languor;  and 
sleepiness.  3.1 5)  waked  with  neuralgic  pains  in  1.  temple ;  restless 
and  apprehensive  ;  epigastrium  tender  to  touch  ;  slight  dyspncea  when 
walking.  3.45,  pinching  in  bowels  as  if  diarrhcea  would  occur ;  passed 
urine.  4.15,  heated  and  flushed ;  pulse  90,  temp.  99*2^ ;  thirst 
increased.  5.30,  face  and  hands  swollen  and  itching  ;  rubbing  causes 
them  to  itch  and  burn ;  quite  restless.  6,  urgent  stool,  copious  and 
loose,  with  tenesmus ;  after  stool  exhaustion  ;  pulse  86.  6.30,  no 
appetite ;  considerable  thirst ;  eating  causes  pain  in  stomach.  JDuring 
e.  pain  and  soreness  in  abdomen,  with  despondency  and  languor. 
Heavy  sleep  at  n. ;  waked  with  seminal  emission  (no  dream)  towards 
m.     2nd  d.  Called  to  stool  before  break£ist ;    no  appetite  for  food  i 

*  Made  by  **  boiling  solution  of  white  arsenic  with  ciystals  of  tartar,  and  evapo- 
rating  till  new  product  crystalliies.'* 


400 


ARSENICUM. 


felt  discouraged  and  weak  ;  face  pale  ;  after  eating  felt  better.  lo  a*in^ 
copious  watery  stool,  with  relief ;  felt  well  as  usual  until  3  p.m., 
having  eaten  heartily  at  ir  (unusual).  3,  feverish  heat,  thirst,  restless- 
ness, and  headache,  with  occasional  sneezing  as  from  acute  catarrh  ; 
pulse  96.  6.30,  ravenous  appetite,  followed  by  dyspeptic  uneasiness 
and  asthmatic  breathing  during  e.  8,  copious  urine  i  soon  after  loose 
stool  with  sweat  and  exhaustion  ;  was  wakeful  and  restless  until  i  a,rn. 
3rd  d.  Hearty  appetite  ;  no  stool  all  d. ;  headache  at  ri  a.m.  3  p*m. 
shght  fever  and  depression  of  spirits  until  e,  ^  offensive  foot-sweat 
on  retiring.     (A.  W,  Woodward,  M.D.,  MS.  Communkathn.) 

16,  Health  good,  pulse  72,  regular,  took,  at  12.15  p.m.,  5  grs.  ars. 
alb.  2x  irit  in  Jj  water.  12.20,  slight  burning  in  stomach  with 
eructations.  12*30,  perspiration  after  slight  exercise.  12.40,  flatu- 
lence after  eating  (unusual)  ;  pricking  pam  in  r.  hip.  1*20,  call  to 
stool  (unusual  hour)  without  relief ;  dull  ache  in  1,  ulnar  nerve  ;  itching 
of  r.  knee  ;  eructation.  1.32,  prickling  and  tingling  in  various  parts, 
especially  in  eyes,  with  lachrymation ;  occasional  shooting  pain  in 
occiput.  1*40,  repeated  eructations  J  prickling  of  skin  very  annoying. 
1.50,  above  symptoms  continue,  causing  restlessness  and  headache; 
pulse  76,  2.10  p.m.,  feel  tired  and  sleepy.  3  p.m.,  pulse  80  ;  dull 
occipital  headache,  with  confusion  of  mind  ;  colicky  pains  in  abdomen, 
and  offensive  flatus.  3-30,  called  to  stool,  loose  but  difficult;  prickling 
in  rectum  j  headache  continues,  aggravated  in  warm  room.  6,  good 
appetite ;  after  eating,  prickling  of  skin  returns,  with  restlessness, 
oppression  of  chest  and  desire  for  fresh  air,  6,45,  stinging  and  itching 
deep  in  rectum ;  thirst.  10,  pulsating  pain  in  head  ot  1.  tibia  ;  ache  in 
r.  clavicle  ;  itching  and  prickling  continues  ;  uneasy  sleep  ;  amorous 
dreams  with  emissions  without  erection  ;  called  to  urinate  at  5  a.m. 
(unusual),  scant  and  hot ;  on  returning  to  bed  prickling  of  skin  returned^ 
followed  by  sharp  griping  in  bowels  for  a  short  time.  Slept  until  7  j 
wakened  with  numbness  of  fourth  and  fifth  fingers  of  1.  hand  ;    eyes 

k  agglutinated  (verv  unusual).  2nd  d.  Urine  scant;  dull  drawing  pains 
in  limbs,  relieved  by  exercise  ;  good  appetite  for  breakfast ;  dull  head- 
ache at  intervals  all  d.  (A.  H.  Web&ter,  Student  in  Chicago  Homceo- 
pathic  College  ;  reported  by  Dr.  Woodward.) 

17,  May  25th,  being  in  good  health,!  proved  the  arseniate  of  soda, 
taking  of  the  6th  trit,  as  much  as  would  cover  the  point  of  a  penknife, 
3  times  a  day.  Until  the  30th  I  felt  nothing:  on  that  m.,  headache 
in  forehead  and  both  temples  ;  in  e.,  from  7  to  1 1,  lumbar  pains  extend- 
ing all  over  back,  especially  between  shoulders  and  even  down  arms. 
Next  m.  the  pains  were  a  little  easier  ;  but  \  h.  after  rst  dose  they 
reappeared.  After  2nd  dose,  at  noon,  they  became  so  severe  that  I 
could  not  go  out  the  whole  c.,  and  from  sense  of  fatigue  and  malaise 
could  take  no  dinner.  In  spite  of  this,  before  going  to  bed  I  took 
another  dose.  1  had  two  nose* bleedings,  sense  of  weight  over  eyes 
and  pretty  severe  sorethroat.  After  lying  down,  I  had  pain  in  groins 
for  i  h.  I  was  wakeful  all  the  n.,  and  in  addition  1,  who  had  never 
known  what  itching  was,  was  obliged  frequently  to  scratch  my  back, 
stomach,  and  arms.  Being  sufficiently  convinced  of  the  power  of 
infinitesimal  doses  of  A.,  I  left  it  off  from  this  point  i  and  the  pains 


ARSENICUM.  401 

subsided  almost  suddenly.     (Fredet,  in  Etudts  dt  q.  s.  dt  PAnenic, 
p.  78.) 

18.  Provings  of  arseniate  of  soda  by  the  Horn.  Mat.  Med.  Club  of 
Alleghany  County,  Pa.  A  ^  was  made  by  dissolving  10  grs.  in  Jj  of 
distilled  water,  and  from  this  dilutions  were  made  on  the  decimal  scale. 
Each  prover  took  from  5  to  15  drops  3  times  daily  on  an  empty 
stomach. 

J.  H.  BuFFUM,  M.D. — a.  While  taking  30th,  on  3rd  d.  tongue  felt  dry,  as  if 
burned  j  liquids  did  not  remove  sensation.  On  4th  d.,  eyes  burned,  with  slight 
lachrymation ;  conjunctiva  injected ;  vision  indistinct ;  frequent  wiping  of  eyes  for 
relief.  This  condition  continued  next  d.,  and  on  6th,  no  medicine  being  taken, 
declined.  On  5th  d.  frequent  paroxysms  of  sneezing,  and  fluent  coryza  in  e.  On 
8th  d.,  restless  tossing  about  for  i  h.  after  retiring  at  n.,  and  on  loth  n.  sleep  again 
disturbed ;  restlessness  also  on  9th  d.,  with  feeling  as  if  something  was  impending 
which  compelled  moving  about;  languid  feeling  throughout  iithd.  On  9th  d., 
slight  burning  at  anus,  with  (in  e.)  constant  tenesmus,  no  stool ;  a  soft  stool  on  loth 
followed  by  slight  burning  at  anus  ;  same,  but  less  in  degree,  on  nth.  On  i  ith  d. 
a  boil  appeared  at  outer  1.  hamstring  5  eyes  were  painful  in  m.  and  vessels  injected ; 
concentrated  effort  needed  for  distinct  vision.  Next  d.  vision  was  poor  for  distance, 
and  remained  so  for  a  considerable  time.  On  12th  d.,  stomach  was  sour  and  food 
did  not  digest;  digestive  powers  remained  weak  up  to  15th  d.  (Trans,  of  Penns, 
State  Horn  Soc,  ii,  186.) 

19.  Millie  J.  Chapman,  M.D.— «.  While  taking  30th,  on  2nd  d.  wakened 
at  1.30  a.m.  by  cutting  hypogastric  pain,  soon  followed  by  large  stool  j  dull  stupid 
feeline  lasting  all  d.,  could  hardly  keep  awake ;  head  throbbed  on  going  upstairs ; 
next  d.  felt  well,  and  could  study  easily.  On  3rd  d.,  occasional  stitches  in  spleen. 
On  6th  d.  slight  cramp  in  stomach  at  7.30  a.m.  and  nausea  all  forenoon. 

b.  Under  12th,  on  7th  d.^  nausea  soon  after  taking  medicine,  lasting 
all  d.  ;  would  like  to  vomit,  but  cannot ;  could  not  sleep  till  late 
because  of  this  discomfort.  On  8th  d.,  yellowish  blotches  appeared  on 
cheeks  and  forehead,  remaining  a  d.  or  two  ;  p.m.,  fulness  in  forehead 
and  throbbing  at  vertex.  On  12th  d.,  mind  unusuallv  equable  and 
capable.  On  13th,  dull  heavy  feeling  in  forehead  and  vertex,  with 
occasional  sharp  pains  i  dull  aching  in  renal  region,  with  profuse  flow 
of  normal  urine;  stitching  in  tibia  while  walking.  On  15th,  aching 
and  weight  in  forehead ;  eyelids  itch  and  burn,  and  feel  as  if  smoke 
were  in  room  ;  stitching  again  in  tibia,  and  occasional  little  flying 
pains  in  fingers,  palms,  and  forearms.     {Ibid.) 

20.  J.  S.  Crawford,  M.D. — From  30th,  on  3rd  d.,  at  6  p.m.,  dull  heavy 
feeling  in  head  lasting  3  h.  On  4th  d.,  3  p.m.,  same  feeling  for  5  h.,  after  whicn 
head  ached  violently,  all  movement  (even  turning  head)  aggravating,  and  tying 
handkerchief  tightly  round  it  relieving;  at  10.30  p.m.,  some  cramp-like  pains  in 
abdomen.  On  5th  d.,  wakened  at  6  a.m.  by  pain  there,  followed  by  a  sudden 
copious  lumpy  stool;  this  repeated  at  8  and  11 ;  slight  dulness  in  head.  On  8th  d., 
had  to  rise  twice  during  n.  to  micturate,  passing  a  large  quantity  of  pale  urine.  On 
9th  d.,  pain  ovcrr.  eye.  On  loth  d.,  at  3  p.m.,  dull  heavy  feeling  in  nead,  especially 
in  vertex,  increasing  in  severity  till  he  went  to  bed,  and  made  worse  by  stooping  or 
moving  head  ;  aching  took  away  appetite.     {Ibid.) 

%i.  J.  C.  King,  M.D. — a.  Under  30th,  on  2nd  d.,  uncomfortable  feeling  in 
abdomen  and  tightness  in  stomach ;  two  stools,  small  and  firm,  with  much  flatus ; 
pulse  72  and  full;  m.  urine  light  yellow,  cloudy,  precipitating  after  2  h.,  acid, 
1029 ;  dense  white  granular  precipitate  from  heat  (redissolving  under  nitric  acid), 
leaving  urine  clear  and  reddish  brown ;  under  microscope  some  phosphates  visible  ; 
in  e.  these  more  abundant.  On  3rd  d.,  pain  in  I.  knee  before  rising  in  m. ;  sharp 
pain  in  ilium  on  rising  up  (4  p.m.) ;  bruised  sensation  externally  over  first  joint  of 
great  toe.     Abdomen  swollen  and  painful,  passage  of  flatus  afFordmg  some  relief,  but 

26 


402 


ARSENICUM. 


strafningi  pressure,  or  ivalking  produces  severe  pain  f  two  firm  stools  j  inner  canthi  of 
eyes  sore  and  red,  objects  blurred.  On  4th  d.  severe  pain  under  ensitorm  cartilage 
at  noon,  and  at  4..4.0  p.m.  dull  pain  and  distension  m  umbilical  and  hypogastric 
regions  j  one  small  firm  4tool ;  unne  of  dark  straw  colour,  raiid  odour,  acid  reaction, 
1030,  phosphates  still  abundant;  slight  coryxa  in  m.,  which,  with  abdominal  di*- 
tension,  recurred  on  5th  d, 

L  Under  15th,  on  9th  d.,  sharp  pains  in  r.  little  finger  ;  uncom- 
fortable  fulness  and   pain   in  stomach,  relieved  by  emission  of  flatuiM 
Same  in  abdomen  on  J  ithj  but  more  severe,  and  flatus  more  abundan^ 
On  14th  d.,  stiffness  and  tenderness  in  upper  part  of  sterno-mastoid. 
On  1 8th  d.,  fulness  in  head  all  m.,  with  occasional  shooting  pains  over 
r.  eye ;  head  feels  sore  and  he  is  drowsy. 

r.  Under  ^,  on  21st  d.,  unpleasant  feeling  of  general  indisposition, 
business  irksome,  in  e.  very  nervous  and  exhausted  ;  head  dull  (in  e.) 
with  dull  pain  at  vertex,  pulse  90,  hot  and  dry  skin  ;  nose  stopped  up  ^ 
eyes  tired  and  painful,  with  injected  conjunctiva  ;  mouth  and  gums 
tender,  tongue  coated  whitish  yellow  ;  conscious  of  stomach,  qualmish- 
ness alternating  with  pain,  appetite  failing  ;  urine  1029  and  depositing 
phosphates  >  aching  in  thighs.  On  22nd,  quite  nervous  and  uneasy  ; 
skin  hot,  pulse  84  but  temperature  subnormal,  head  as  on  21st  ;  eyes 
swollen,  painful,  injected,  and  sensitive  to  light  j  thirst,  poor  appetite, 
qualmishness  after  meals,  relieved  by  effervescing  drink  ;  rumbling  and 
pain  in  abdomen  ;  ineffectual  desire  for  stool  ;  dull  dragging  pain  in 
perinajum  and  lower  part  of  scrotum ;  rheumatic  pains  in  limbs^ 
especially  lower,  running  from  hip  to  toes,  worse  at  rest,  better  on 
movement, — also  in  second  joints  of  fingers*  Very  restless  on  this  and 
two  preceding  n.,  frequently  waking  to  find  position  shifted  and  cover- 
ings thrown  off  (normally  quite  otherwise).  On  23rd  d»,  eyes  sore, 
cannot  read  or  write  without  pain  in  them  ;  face  and  neck  covereil 
with  a  fine  miliary  eruption,  with  here  and  there  a  pustule  or  larg^ 
reddish  pimple;  legs  still  ache  (on  flexor  aspect).  On  24th  d., 
8,40  p.m.,  a  severe  pain  as  if  sprained  shot  through  two  last  toes,^ 
making  him  limp.  On  25th  d.,  dull  aching  in  vertex  and  over  eyes  aljfl 
d.  ;  eyes  as  before  ;  depression  and  utter  disinclination  to  work  ;  before 
rising  severe  cramp-like  pain  from  popliteal  space  down  gastrocnemius ; 
pain  in  toes  did  not  go  off  till  this  e,  ;  pain  also  in  flexor  muscles  of 
thigh  on  movement,  as  if  bruised.  On  26th  d,  ate  no  breakfast  ;  and 
at  11.30  a.m.  had  darting  sticking  pain  in  great  cul-di-sacy  lasting  till 
12.30  ;  pulse  full,  90*  For  several  d,  aversion  to  accustomed  cigar, 
and  after  smoking  symptoms  grew  worse, 

d.  At  this  point  prover  went  into  the  country,  and  there  got  much 
better.  He  does  not  say  \i  he  intermitted  his  proving^  but  we  find  no 
symptoms  recorded  till  the  36th  d.,  when  he  is  stili  taking  ^,  On 
that  d.  he  notes  sh'ght  fluent  coryza  ;  on  the  37th  a  small  blister  on  r. 
side  of  tongue  near  base ;  and  on  38th  return  of  soreness  and  conges- 
tion of  eyeSj  with  lachrymation,  also  neuralgic  pains  along  ulnar  nerve. 
On  39th  n.  had  many  dreams  and  was  restless.  On  40th  d.,  again 
pain  from  distension  of  lower  abdomen,  relieved  by  passing  flatus  ;  he 
notes  that  he  has  been  urinating  more  copiously  since  taking  medicine* 
On  41st  d*,  pain  all  afternoon,  pain  at  bifurcation  of  r.  common  carotid, 
felt  on  moving  head,  on  pressing  spot,  but  not  on  swallowing  ^  pulse 


ARSENICUM. 


^ 


85,   fill],   and    regular  j    appetite  very  good.      On  42nd    d.,  sick  at 
stomach  all  afternoon  ;  some  distension-pain  ;  restless,  and  unable  to 
think  or  study;  eyes  as  before*     On  43rd  d.,  inability  to  think  clearly 
or  rapidly  ;  eyes  swollen  and  painful  j  less  sickness  at  stomach,  but 
thirst  all  d,^  wanted  water  often,  but  little  at  a  time  ;  pulse  84^  full» 
and  regular  ;  on  face  and  neck,  most  on  r,  side,  an  eruption  of  diffused 
irregular   patches,  with   numerous  papular  elevations,  without  areola, 
with  pointed  apex ;  some  pain  in  L  leg,  commencing  soon  after  rising 
in  outer  aspect  of  knee,  extending  over  whoJe  lower  leg  to  tarsus,  most 
severe  just  below  popliteal  space,  going  off  in  e.  ;  feeling  of  soreness 
all  over  legs,  but  worse  in  J.     On  44th  d.,  same  feelings  recurred  about 
3  p.m.,  worst  in  h   hip-joint.      On  45th   d.,  exceedingly  nervous,  it 
required  an  effort  to  sit  still  ;  occasional  dull  headache  on  vertex  for 
15  m,  at  a  time  ;  discharge  of  a  thick  yellowish  substance  from  the 
nose ;  eyes  as  before  j  appetite  going,  getting  less  for  4  d.  past  5  con- 
scious of  stomach  ;  no  relish  for  usual  tobacco  ;  in  e.  gnawing  pain  in 
lower  part  of  rectum,  as  if  worms  were  boring  in  it ;  same  pains  in 
legs.     On   46th   d.j  mental  state   varying ;   same   headache  ;  eyes  as 
before,  watering  profusely  on  reading  ,  stomach  worse,  very  thirsty  ; 
worse  after  eating  or  drinking,  bitter  taste    and    yellowish    coat  on 
tongue  ;  pulse  86  j  some  pain  in  L  knee  and  hip  ;  anterior  muscles  of 
thigh  pinful  when  walking  and  tender  when  touched  ;  ulnar  neuralgic 
pain  V  pains  wander  about  ;  at  n.   restless  and  dreaming.     On  47th  d., 
still  very  nervous,  cannot  hold  pen  steadily  ;  headache  quite  severe  on 
vertex  and  forehead,  worse  above  right  eye  ;  pain  or  sickness  at  stomach 
after  meals,   relieved  by  effervescing  drinks  ;   slept  little  at  n.,  very 
restless.     On  48th   d.,  nervous  still  ;  eyes  worse  than   usual,  photo- 
phobia, pressure  on  balls  produces  pain  after  its  removal.     On  49th  d», 
eyes  bad  up  to  10  a,m.  ;  severe  but  dull  headache  till  2.30  p,m.     On 
50th  d.,  eyes  painful  for  about  2  h,  after  rising,  and  at  times  through 
d.  when  using  them,  or  when  exposed  to  bright  sunlight ;  both  nostrils 
inflamed.     On   51st  d.,  nostrils  quite   tender  when  touched^  eyes  a 
little  sore  this  m.,  and  conjunctiva  slightly  reddened  and  jaundiced. 
On  53rd  d.,  nostrils  less  painful,  but  still  indurated  and  sore ;  mind 
clearer,  and  more  active  and  cheeful  ;  appetite  improving  rapidly,  and 
becoming   even    excessive.     On    48th    d.,   extremely   painful    corns 
appeared  on  little  toes,  a  most  unusual  thing,  and  without  assignable 
cause  i  they  continued  without  mitigation  till   to-day,  when  they  are 
disappearing.     On  s8th    d.,    appetite   and   disposition    still    better  j  2. 
small  boil  on  r.  chin,  and  one  on  tuberosity  of  ischium.     [The  prover 
docs  not  say  when  he  ceased  taking  medicine :  from  internal  evidence 
it  would  seem  to  have  been  between  srst  and  53rd  d. — Eds,] 
■         e.  **It  is  now  2  years  since  I  engaged  in  the  proving  of  the  ars.  of 
ptoda*     Many  of  the  symptoms  produced    in   me  wore  off  gradually ; 
some  few  have  persistently  remained.     The  skin  symptoms  disappeared 
soon  after  the  drug   was  discontinued.      The    head  symptoms    have 
occasioned  no  inconvenience  for  many  months.     Ever  since  taking  the 
drug  the  respiratory  mucous  membrane  has  been  unusually  sensitive  to 
the   influence  of  cold   and  irritating  dust  or  vapour.      Every  d,  for 
2  years  I  have  hawked  up  more  or  less  thick  white  mucus  ;  white  thick 


+04 


ARSENICUM. 


yellow  mucus  has  been  discharged  from  the  posterior  nares.  These 
symptoms  are  aggravated  by  the  inhalation  of  dust,  smoke,  &c.  There 
is  a  tendency  to  the  formation  of  dry  crusts  in  the  nose  ;  when  these 
are  removed  blood  follows.  There  is  a  pretty  constant  compressive 
pain  at  the  root  of  the  nose.  After  a  trifling  exposure  to  cold  my 
throat  assumes  the  red,  puffy  appearance  noted  at  the  time  of  the 
proving  i  no  pain  accompanies  this  condition.  The  action  of  the  drug 
on  the  eyes  was  very  marlced  at  the  time  the  proving  was  made,  and 
the  symptoms  have  since  been  so  persistent  that  I  fear  the  results  are 
permanent.  The  eyes  feel  constantly  weak,  as  if  the  lids  must  be  kept 
closed  to  protect  the  ball.  The  conjunctiva  seems  dry  and  painfuL 
When  reading  or  writing,  the  eyes  soon  become  tired  and  painful.  A 
slight  exposure  to  cold  or  wind  produces  congestion  of  the  conjunctiva. 
After  looking  at  an  object  a  short  time  it  becomes  blurred  and  indistinct ; 
the  eyes  are  very  sensitive  to  light*  All  the  eye  symptoms  are  worse 
in  the  m,,  become  gradually  less  severe,  and  disappear  towards  e.  The 
cyts  do  not  suffer  especially  from  artificial  light.  The  abdominal 
symptoms  have  not  been  prominent  for  some  time  j  the  bowels,  how- 
ever,  have  not  been  regular  since  the  proving  ;  they  are  alternately 
relaxed  and  constipated  i  gas  accumulates  very  rapidly,  producing  pain, 
which  is  only  relieved  by  an  action  of  the  bowels  or  escape  of  Eatus. 
The  neuralgic  pains  in  the  lower  extremities  have  returned  at  intervals, 
apparently  without  any  exciting  cause  ;  they  appear  chiefly  in  the  K 
thigh,  leg,  and  foot,  and  the  nerves  supplying  the  flexor  muscles  are 
alone  affected/'     [Ibid.) 

23.  W.  J.  Martin.— "«.  From  30th,  on  md  d.^  slight  colic  and  buniing  Sn 
abdomen,  relitved  by  looite  stool ;  nausea,  almo^it  to  vomiting,  after  a  drtnk  of  cold 
%vater.  On  7th  d.,  pinching-burning  pain-i  in  abdomen;  desire  tor  stool  M  lo  a.m., 
which  h  unusual  vvith  him,  getting  his  evat nation  at  n,  j  stool  is  relaxed,  with  some 
griping  and  burning  at  anu*.,  but  vvitbout  flatulence,  it  relieves  pain  in  bowels  j 
ulceration,  as  from  a  cold,  at  commissure  of  lips,  continuing  4  d.  j  dcjiire  to  keep 
quiet. 

b.  From  15th,  on  nth  d*,  felt  hot  while  in  bed,  and  got  up  feeling 
tired,  with  sktn  hot  and  dry  j  epigastrium  sore  on  pressure  ;  discharge 
of  unusual  amount  of  offensive  flatus;  for  2  e.,  roughness  in  larynx, 
causing  disposition  to  hem,  with  spasmodic  dry  cough*  On  J  2th  d. 
dreamed  much  ;  feeling  of  lassitude,  wanting  to  sit  or  lie  down  ;  head 
dull  and  heavy  a.m,,  clear  p.m.  j  skin  hot  and  dry  j  r,  side  of  nose 
stopped  up,  and  blowing  of  thick  yellowish  mucus  from  it ;  slight 
whitish  coat  on  tongue  j  feel  sore  about  back  and  abdomen  j  dull  pain 
in  bowels  ;  appetite  greatly  increased,  and  digestion  good  \  soreness  in 
bladder,  relieved  by  urinating  ;  roughness  in  throat  j  constricted  sensa- 
tion about  chest,  and  feels  at  times  like  taking  a  deep  breath,  but  has 
no  cough.  On  13th  d.,  tongue  coated  yellowish-white;  bitter  taste  In 
mouth  j  a  little  soreness  and  some  pinching  in  abdomen  ;  no  appetite 
for  breakfast,  but  ate  some,  which  became  acid  in  stomach,  producing 
very  disagreeable  eructations  (an  unprecedented  occurrence)  ;  slight 
cough,  with  greyish  or  bluish-black  expectoration.  On  14th  d,,  some 
cough  and  slate-coloured  expectoration,  tough  and  requiring  much  effort 
to  disengage  from  larynx  ;  stools  have  been  mushy,  and  readily  voided. 
Nothing  is  now  noted  until  the  40th  d.,  when  the  prover  appears  to  be 


ARSENICUM.  40s 

taking  the  same  potency.  He  then  had  dull  pain  in  bowels,  relieved 
by  a  diarrhoeic  stool  ;  and  after  2  h.  reading,  an  aching  pain  deep  in 
the  eyeballs,  aggravated  by  opening  eyes  widely,  and  relieved  by  closing 
and  resting  them  for  a  time.  On  41st  d.,  dull  aching  pain  in  eyes 
aggravated  by  sunlight ;  dull  umbilical  pain  relieved  by  emission  of 
flatus  ;  nervous  twitching  in  1.,  middle,  and  index  fingers.  On  43rd  d., 
dryness  of  larynx,  which  feels  as  if  inflamed ;  great  difliculty  in  detaching 
mucus^  which  is  scanty  and  of  dirty  slate  colour  j  after  supper  a  dry 
hacking  congh.  On  45th  d.,  5  p.m.,  pain  in  1.  temple,  shifting  to 
orbit  5  stooping  aggravated  j  eyes  very  painful  to  pressure,  and  pain 
aggravated  by  light ;  neck  feels  stiflF. 

c.  From  ^,  on  49th  d.,  having  slept  well,  woke  early  with  great 
pain  in  bowels  and  a  dreadful  headache ;  skin  very  hot  and  dry  ;  throat 
rough  and  clogged  with  much  mucus,  diflicult  to  dislodge  and  of  dark 
slate  colour  ;  diarrhoeic  stool  at  4  p.m.  j  this,  forcibly  expelled,  with 
much  tenesmus,  relieved  pain  in  bowels.  Went  to  bed  sick  at  stomach. 
Arose  on  50th  d.  at  8,  feeling  very  miserable  ;  bathed  aching  head  in 
cold  water  without  benefit,  a  little  food  and  a  cup  of  coflFee  at  noon 
relieved  it,  but  pain  returned  in  all  its  violence  on  walking  out  in  hoc 
sun  y  eyes  very  painful,  look  swollen  and  bunged  up  ;  bitter  taste  in 
mouth,  with  belching  and  sour  eructations  for  2  or  3  h.  after  eating ; 
entire  absence  of  thirst  or  appetite  j  feel  very  weak  at  times,  mouth 
waters,  and  I  think  I  am  going  to  vomit,  but  do  not,  nausea  passes  off 
with  flash  of  heat  and  moisture  on  skin,  which  before  was  very  dry  ; 
at  4  p.m.  a  diarrhceic  stool,  with  much  flatus  and  slight  tenesmus  ; 
pulse  88  ;  dull  pain  in  lumbar  region  ;  thighs  are  sore  and  joints  stifF 
and  cracking.  At  supper  desire  for  pickles,  which  he  rarely  ate  ;  taking 
these  gave  him  taste  for  bread  and  butter,  which  he  consumed  freely, 
and  by  8  p.m.  felt  much  better,  very  little  pain  in  head,  and  not  so 
weak  and  sore.  At  10  took  a  bath  and  went  to  bed,  and  was  restless 
and  could  not  sleep  till  after  3.  Got  up  between  6  and  7,  with  some 
headache,  which  continued  till  e. ;  felt  languid  and  worthless  ;  skin  hot 
and  dry  ;  occasional  griping  in  abdomen  ;  ate  moderate  dinner,  which 
seemed  to  lie  heavy  on  stomach.  Within  last  3  d.  a  number  of  hard, 
very  red  pimples,  not  particularly  painful,  on  1.  cheek.     {Ibid,) 

23.  Z.  T.  Miller.— a.  From  30th,  2nd  d.,  transient  drawing  pain  in  r.  temple; 
I  h.  after  dose  (10  drops)  felt  very  sensible  constriction  and  burning  in  lower  part  of 
larynx,  most  on  r.  side  ;  in  e.  constriction  and  burning  also  in  oesophagus ;  heaviness 
of  eyes,  especially  r.,  lids  agglutinated,  jpupils  dilated ;  eyelids  bum  and  feel  as  if 
swollen  5  on  lower  r.  lid  also  itching  as  if^  stye  would  appear  5  rumbling  in  bowels  as 
if  diarrhoea  would  occur,  and  occasional  hypogastric  pain  $  colicky  pains,  relieved  by 
flatus,  preceded  natural  stool  j  tearing  pam  at  anus  on  passing  faeces ;  more  copious 
urination  than  normal ;  severe  soreness  of  chest ;  spasmodic  cough,  raising  greyish 
phlegm  in  little  lumps  5  pain  over  lower  ribs,  which  are  sore  on  pressure  j  resp.  1 6, 
pulse  80 ;  rheumatic  aching  in  r.  arm,  chiefly  shoulder  and  wrist.  On  3rd  d., 
occasional  shooting  pains  through  forehead  and  r.  temple ;  extremely  sleepy ;  tongue 
slightly  coated ;  pasty  taste  in  mouth,  and  an  ulcer  there,  very  sore  $  hawking  up  of 
a  greyish,  viscid,  tenacious  mucus,  with  rough  feeling  in  throat ;  constrictive  choking 
feeling  theie  still }  eyes  feel  inflamed  and  swollen,  with  accumulation  of  mucus  there  ; 
slight  colicky  pain  in  abdomen ;  was  roused  from  sleep  this  m.  with  urgent  desire  to 
unnate,  and  during  d.  had  pain  in  r.  kidney,  worse  on  walking ;  pulse  86,  resp.  16  ; 
soreness  under  r.  mamma  on  pressure;  rheumatic  pains  shooting  from  acetabulum  down 
to  knee,  lasting  but  a  few  seconds,  worse  on  moving  about.    On  5th  d.|  great  con- 


406 


ARSENICUM. 


ftriction  in  throat ;  heartburn,  (t\t  belcrw  thyroid  cartilage  j  excortated  coodtticm  of 
anus,  very  painful  at  stool ;  pleuritic  pam  In  r.  side  over  Uver.  On  jth  d.,  sbootitig 
pain  over  r,  ear ;  again  some  coostricdon  in  throat  i  oppre^ive  shortness  of  breath, 
compelled  to  take  &ng  breaths  frequently,  with  occasional  pains  in  r.  side  of  chest, 

k  From  15th,— on  24th  d.,  drowsy  while  at  work,  but  woke  often 
during  n.  On  25th  d*,  shooting  pains  through  frontal  region  ;  very 
chilly  on  retiring,  was  compelled  to  cover  up,  though  his  wife  was  per* 
spiring  by  him*  On  26th  d.,  again  frontal  shootings  ;  smarting  in 
posterior  nares  ;  roughness  of  throat,  with  hawking  of  tenacious  mucos ; 
urine  a  little  darker  than  usual.  On  27th  d*,  feeling  of  pressure  over 
each  side  of  occiput,  as  from  a  photographer's  head-rest ;  numbness  of 
forehead  in  e.  ;  wavering  floating  sensation  on  turning  head  quickly; 
scraping  and  raw  tickling  sensation  in  mouth  ;  stiffness  of  eyeballs  and 
lids  j  considerable  pain  in  chest  between  nipples,  with  indescribably 
hollow  feeling  there,  much  aggravated  by  inhaling  carburetted  hydrogen 
gas  i  shooting  pain  under  r.  mamma ;  rheumatic  pain  in  r.  forefinger. 

c.  From  same  potency,  presumably  after  an  interval, — on  36th  d,, 
moderate  feeling  of  constriction  below  thyroid  cartilage,  as  if  pressed 
between  thumb  and  forefinger  ;  urine  a  little  dark,  passed  in  greater 
quantity  than  usual  and  with  urgent  desire  ;  pulse  80,  resp.  20  ;  sore 
bruised  feeling  under  and  to  K  of  sternum,  at  junction  of  upper  and 
middle  third  of  bone,  felt  on  throwing  shoulders  up  and  back,  at  times 
extending  to  inferior  angle  of  scapula  and  to  shoulder-joint  ;  inter* 
costal  s  of  L  side,  between  6th,  7th,  and  8th  ribs,  arc  sore  to  touch  ;  for 
last  5  d,  a  weary  aching  on  raising  1.  arm  ^  shoulder-joint  cracks  on 
moving  it ;  aching  in  whole  arm,  especially  down  median  nerve  to 
finger  ends,  worse  from  pressure  or  motion  i  flexor  muscles  readily 
become  stiff;  dull  rheumatic  pain  from  n  knee  to  ankle  with  cracking 
of  knee-joint  on  motion  ;  metatarso-phalangeal  bone  of  r.  index-finger 
sore  on  pressure j  so  much  so  as  to  make  it  painful  to  hold  a  pencil  for 
any  time.  On  37th  d.,  sharp  shooting  pain  between  6th  and  7th  ribs, 
about  junction  of  ribs  with  cartilages,  lasting  but  a  few  seconds,  recur- 
ring after  4  h.  On  38th  d,  woke  with  eyes  somewhat  swollen  and 
agglutinated ;  eyeballs  feel  large  when  lids  are  closed ;  pulse  80,  resp. 
17  ;  seat  of  yesterday's  chest- pain  sore  to  pressure  j  shooting  pains 
over  liver  frequent,  but  not  severe;  during  m.  aching  at  insertion  of 
flexors  of  L  forearm  while  riding.  On  39th  d.,  pain  at  root  of  nose, 
which  was  stopped  up  on  r,  side  and  dry  j  eyes  heavy,  and  balls  sore 
and  smarting,  supra-orbital  region  very  much  swollen,  and  pupils  a  little 
dilated  ^  burning  when  urine  begins  to  flow ;  in  afternoon  boring  head- 
ache in  temples,  from  without  inwards,  chiefly  on  r.  side,  but  extending 
to  1.,  with  nausea  j  head  feels  hot,  but  on  placing  hand  on  forehead  it 
seems  cold  ;  headache  is  aggravated  by  heat,  pressure,  and  tobacco- 
smoke;  throbbing  of  temporal  artery;  pulse  84,  resp.  165  pain  in 
lower  abdomen,  as  if  from  a  colic  coming  on  ;  shooting  pain  from 
short  ribs  down  across  K  hypochondriac  region  ;  supped  principally  on 
fruit  ;  during  n,  some  nausea,  followed  by  chills  in  back,  which  made 
him  shudder.  On  40th  d.,  severe  pain  in  r.  temple  on  rising  in  m. 
(formerly  subject  to  it  but  free  from  it  for  a  long  time),  less  after 
breakfast ;  orbital  region  much  swollen  and  eyes  very  watery  for  some 


ARSENICUM. 


407 


time  after  waking  ;  at  1 1  a.m.  copious  papesccnt  stool — sharp  shooting 
in  1.  hypochondrium  just  before  it ;  a  second  stool  {unusual)  later  in  d.  j 
no  appetite  for  anything  but  juicy  food  and  fruits  j  puke  96,  resp,  17  ; 
all  e.  dull  heavy  head,  with  slight  nausea  ;  unusually  prolonged  sleep 
at  n.  On  41st  d,,  8  a*m.,  dull  headache  in  r,  tcnnple  j  eyes  puffy  and 
dim^  flickering  before  them  when  closed  ;  slight  nausea*     {Ibid,) 

24.  R.  Ramage,  M*D, — Refers  no  symptoms  to  attenuations,  but 
took  two  courses  of  0.     a.  On  3rd.  d.,  fine  red  rash  on  face  and  neck, 

I  most  on  r.  ;  eyes  felt  swollen  in  m.,  conjunctival  vessels  congested  ; 
dull  pain  in  umbilical  and  hypogastric  regions,  with  frequent  discharges 
of  flatus.  On  4th,  orbital  region  and  eyes  much  swollen  and  aggluti- 
nated on  waking,  with  sensitiveness  to  light,  conjunctiva  slightly  con- 
festcd  ;  pain  along  course  of  crural  nerve,  as  if  bruised,  worse  when 
^    eginning  to  move  limb,  better  from  continued  movement;  pain  also 

'in  1.  iliac  and  inguinal  region,  hip,  and  knee,  with  occasional  twinges 
in  r*  knee ;  in  e.  feeling  of  heat  and  fulness  in  whole  head  j  slept 
soundly.  On  5th  d.,  eyes  same,  but  more  congested  ;  listless,  languid, 
wants  to  sit  still,  no  disposition  to  attend  to  business,  cannot  think 
clearly  ;  face  feels  hot,  with  dull  feeling  in  forehead  ;  crural  pain  gone, 
but  now  pain  and  soreness  along  both  sciatics,  felt  most  in  walking ; 
feels  tired  all  over  j  in  e.  violent  frontal  headache,  with  much  prostra- 
tion ;  every  time  he  awoke  at  n*  head  ached.  On  6th  d,,  rash  con- 
tinues ;  feels  nervous,  and  cannot  concentrate  mind  ;  headache  better^ 
but  head  feels  dull  as  if  he  had  taken  cold ;  less  sciatic  pain,  but  weak 
feeling  about  sacrum  ;  more  disposed  to  urinate  than  was  his  habit. 
On  7th  d.,  stopping  up  of  nose,  with  watery  discharge  ;  pains  in  legs 
not   felt.     On  8th  d,,  rash  still   present ;  cannot  remain  long  in  one 

r position,  must  move  about;  feels  nervous  and  much  prostrated  ;  head 
dull,  with  vacant  feeling  m  it  ;  cannot  concentrate  mind  on  anything  ; 
eyes  look  as  before  ;  pains  and  flatulence  as  on  3rd  d, ;  dry  cough,  with 
feeling  of  tightness  and  oppression  on  upper  two  thirds  of  chest ;  n, 
restless  and  wakeful,  depression  on  waking.  On  9Ch  d.,  head  some- 
what better  ^  face  less  congested  ;  dull  and  languid  all  d,,  easily 
fatigued  when  walking  ;  still  coryza  ;  congestion  of  eyes  abating  ;  cough 
and  oppression  at  chest  continue  j  pain  in  both  knees  and  in  \,  hip  when 
walking ;  restless  n.,  sleep  full  of  dreams  with  frequent  waking*  On  lOth 
d.,head  much  clearer  ;  still  coryza  ;  eyes  but  slightly  congested  ;  cough 
and  chest  as  yesterday  ;  pain  in  L  hip  and  inner  thigh.  On  1  ith  d.,  head 
dull  and  heavy  again  ;  nose  stopped  up  ;  feeling  in  chest  as  if  smoke  had 

.  been  inhaled,  causing  cough.     On  12th,  nose  still  stuffy,  some  discharge 

*from  it.  On  14th  d.,  loss  of  smell  ;  still  easily  fatigued  when  walking. 
The  mcd.  had  now  been  left  ofF  for  some  d,,  but  the  appetite  had  not 
been  so  good  since,  and  some  tenderness  was  felt  at  epigastric  region. 
The  sensation  at  the  chest  was  so  trying  that  he  had  had  to  take  several 
doses  of  Pulsatilla,  which  now  somewhat  relieved.* 

h.  In   the    re-proving   there  was  taken   (at  what  intervals  is  not 

♦  Under  **  stool  **  provcf  refers  to  this  first  proving  the  following,  without  speci- 
fying the  day  or  days  on  which  it  was  noted  : — *'  All  bowel  symptoms  worse  during 
line  day.     Frequent  stools  of  a  muco -purulent  character,  with  much  tenesmus  and 
f  flanilcnce  during  their  passage^  and  before  them  dull  pain  in  umbilical  region." 


4o8 


ARSENICUM. 


stated)  3^  of  3k  solution  of  8  grs.  to  the  ost.     On  2Dd  d.,  there  was  dull^ 
not  severe,  frontal  headache.     On  yd  d.  could  not  think  readily  tilJ  e.^ 
had  headache  till  4  p.m. ;  troubled  sleep,  unusual  dreams  of  quarrelling 
and  difficulty.     On  5th  d.,  head  clear  \  thin  whitish  fur  over  middle  of 
tongue  from  tip  to  base,  leaving  a  small,  well-defined  space  on  each 
side  clear  and  of  natural  colour  i  nose  dry  -,  quite  a  tender  feeling  in 
epigastric  region,  always  present,  but  worse  on  pressing  part.      On  6tb, 
still  epigastric  soreness  on  pressure  ;  has  coughed  a  little  to-day,  and 
voice  is  somewhat  husky  ;  an  oppressed  or  stuffed  sensation  from  larynx 
to  bottom  of  sternum  all  d,,  and  pain  for  greater  part  of  it  throughout 
I  upper  part  of  1.  lung,  but  no  soreness  on  pressing  there  ;  he  can  take  a 
■   deep  breath,  but  the  air  causes  a  disagreeable  feeling  behind  sternum, 
and  deep  inspirations  are  followed  by  a  cough.     On  7th  d.,   breathing 
was  clear ;  tongue  a  little  corrugated,  and  posterior  part  covered  with 
a  whittsh-yellow  coating,  becoming  lighter  nearer  tip  ;  slight  swelling 
of  orbital  region  and  moderate  congestion  of  vessels  of  white,  but  no 
disagreeable  sensation  ;  epigastric  tenJerness  continues  as  on  4th  d. ; 
appetite  good  j  pulse  86,  a  little  variable  in  volume,  but  regular  in  beat. 
On  8th  d.,  tongue  slightly  furred  ;    eyelids  swollen,  especially  lower  i 
slight  photophobia  J    lachrymation   in  open   air.      On  9th   d.,  severe 
frontal  and  temporal  headache,  coming  on  between  2  and  3,  and  lasting 
till  5  p.m.  ;  while  pain  lasted  aching  part  was   sore  to  touchy  and    he 
felt  listless  and  absent-minded.     On  10th  d.,  eyes  as  be  fore »     On  nth 
d.,  throat  somewhat  red,  colour  deepest  "within  the  fauces/*  diminish* 
ing  from  soft  palate  upwards,  no  soreness  felt  on  swallowing  ;  on  waking 
in  m,  whole  orbital  region  swollen  and  eyes  congested  ;  stuffed  sensation 
all  d.  through  chest  generally,  more  markedly  felt  behind  the  sternum, 
and  from  larynx  to  epigastrium  j  more  or  less  continuous,  dry,  hacking 
cough  came  on  about  4  p.m.  ;  voice  somewhat  husky  ;    nasal   mucous 
membrane  swoUenjand  passages  somewhat  obstructed  ;  some  exudation 
from  nostrils.     On   12th  d.,  on  waking,  entire  face  swollen,  especially 
orbital  region  ;  dull  frontal  headache  ;  slight  coryza  ;    throat  purplish 
red,  and  pharynx  dry  ;  no  soreness,  but  disposition  to  hawk  frequently, 
bringing  up  tenacious  starchy* looking  mucus  ;  eyes  felt  uncomfortable  ; 
L  dry,  backing  cough  all  d.,  but  chest  feels  more  free  ;  through  n.  was  at 
r times  chilly  for  a  few  m.,  then  hot — heat  dry  and  burning,  involving 
entire  frame,  and  lasting  three  or  four  times  the  length  of  the  chiUiness, 
no  perspiration  or  thirsL     On  13th   d.,  from  getting  out  of  bed  in  m. 
throughout  d.  at  times  dull  shifting  pains  through   abdomen  ;    copious 
loose  stool   at   9  a*m.   with  much  flatulence ;    moderate   discharge  of 
tenacious  whitish  mucus  from  nose  j  still  disposition  to  hawk  and  clear 
throat  ;  pharynx  and  pillars  of  fauces  are  red,  and  their  structures  arc 
angry  looking,  but  not  sore  on  swallowing  i  tongue  white,  save  at  edges 
and   tip  -,    quite  an  increased  flow  of  urine  during  d.,  which  seems  ta 
have    relieved    chest;    cough    is  less    troublesome,  but   voice  husky. 
Nothing  further  is  noted  until  24th  d.,  when,  though  he  had  ceased  to 
take  drug,  dull  frontal  headache  is  described  as  coming  on  for  5  or  6  d» 
about  3,  lasting  till  9  or  10  p*m.  i  he  could   not  concentrate  mind,  or 
recall  names,  and  was  indisposed  to  study  or  to  speak  to  anyone  while 
headaches  lasted  j  still  a  little  coryza  j  eyes  slightly  gummed  in  m.  and 


ARSENICUM.  409 

feeling  as  of  thickening  of  structures  within  lids,  r.  eye  worst ;  eyes 
smart  and  feel  badly  on  reading  for  a  time,  vessels  still  somewhat 
congested  ;  bloating  of  face  gone  ;  appetite  not  nearly  so  good  as  when 
taking  drug ;  bowels  regular  ;  urine  natural.  On  28th  d.,  headache 
mentioned  on  24th  had  ceased  for  some  d.,  but  in  its  place  a  feeling  of 
prostration  and  sinking  in  epigastrium,  without  pain,  supervened  at 
about  same  time,  lasting  an  h.  or  so,  with  yawning  and  dull  feeling  in 
forehead.  Stomach  is  disposed  to  ache  every  time  cold  water  is  taken. 
He  remained  for  some  little  time  more  impressionable  to  cold  than 
formerly. 

c.  "  Two  years  have  elapsed  since  I  entered  upon  the  proving  of  the 
ars.  of  soda.  Many  of  the  symptoms  noticed  while  taking  the  drug 
have  disappeared.  Those  which  remain,  or  which  have  reappeared 
from  time  to  time,  will  be  mentioned  under  their  appropriate  headings  : 

"  Siin. — The  rash  noticed  during  the  proving  has  made  its  appear- 
ance on  the  face  and  neck  at  irregular  intervals  since,  but  has  not 
remained  long  at  any  one  time.  A  squamous  eruption  (not  noticed 
either  before  or  while  taking  the  drug)  has  appeared  on  the  chest  along 
the  sternum.  The  scales  are  quite  thin,  whitish,  and  when  removed  leave 
the  skin  slightly  reddened  ;  when  the  scales  are  allowed  to  remain,  the 
parts  covered  by  them  become  itchy,  especially  so  when  warm  from 
exercise. 

**  Mind  and  disposition. — Am  more  restless  than  was  formerly  my 
habit ;  so  much  so  as  to  be  noticed  by  others.  Not  so  cheerful  as 
before  proving.  At  times  feel  irritable,  then  have  not  the  usual  desire 
for  study^  although  the  mind  seems  clear  and  the  memory  as  usual. 

^^  Iiead. — ^The  headache  experienced  while  taking  the  drug  passed 
off  soon  after  I  ceased  taking  it,  and  has  not  at  any  time  since 
reappeared. 

^^  Nose, — Since  the  taking  of  the  drug  have  been  troubled  with 
nasal  catarrh.  The  nose  feels  stopped  up  all  the  time,  but  it  is  worse 
at  n.  and  in  the  m.  During  the  d.  there  is  very  little  discharge  from 
the  nose,  but  a  feeling  as  though  the  mucous  membrane  was  swollen. 
In  the  m.  the  nose  feels  stopped  up^  and  pieces  of  hardened  bluish- 
coloured  mucus  are  blown  from  it,  after  which  the  mucous  membrane 
feels  sore  and  raw.     I  take  cold  much  easier  than  I  used  to. 

^^  Eyes. — My  eyes  became  sound  as  usual  about  7  or  8  months 
after  I  ceased  taking  the  drug,  and  have  remained  strong  and  well  since. 

"  Stomach, — The  tenderness  of  the  epi^utrium  noticed  during  the 
proving  remained  in  a  moderate  degree.  Have  had  frequent  attacks  of 
indigestion,  lasting  several  d.  at  each  time.  At  such  times  the  stomach 
feels  sore,  and  anything  warm  or  hating  causes  a  sensation  of  burning, 
and  can  be  sensibly  felt  immediately  on  entering  the  stomach.  Previous 
to  engaging  in  the  proving  I  had  not  experienced  any  tenderness  or 
pain  in  that  region. 

^  Extremities. — The  neuralgic  pains  produced  by  the  drug  reappeared 
frequently  during  the  year.  At  times  they  were  quite  severe,  and 
would  remain  for  several  d.  at  each  return.  Recently  they  have  not 
given  me  any  trouble.''    {Ibid,) 

25.  O.  K.  Shannon,  M.D.,  made  two  provings  in  usual  way  of 


ARSENICUM. 

solution  of  gr,  x  to  3J>  taking  it  on  first  occasion  for  6  d.^on  second  for 
7  d.,  with  20  d.  between, 

a.  No  symptoms  are  noted  till  7th  d.,  when  there  was  slight  pain 
through  bowels,  with  some  urging  to  stool  i  three  soft  dark-coloured 
stools,  followed  by  slight  burning  at  anus.  On  8th  d,,  eyes  felt 
swollen  ;  face  a  little  flushed  ;  again  three  thin  dark*coloured  stools, 
with  more  marked  burning,  preceded  by  pain  which  after  them  is 
relieved.  On  9th  d.,  the  same.  On  loth  d*,  tongue  large,  moist,  and 
fissured  ;  pulse  76,  On  nth  d.,  eyes  swollen  about  orbif^  j  pulse  80 
and  intermittent  (unusual  with  him)  ;  aching  in  all  limbs.  On  lath, 
tongue  flabby  and  fissured  ;  pains  through  bowels  ;  appetite  poor  ; 
stools  lumpy.  On  13th,  one  stool  only,  almost  black.  On  14th,  was 
wakened  at  3  a.m.  by  sharp  cutting  pains  in  abdomen,  relieved  by 
passing  off  flatus,  but  recurring  during  d.  ;  got  up  feeling  tired  and  as 
if  bruised  in  body  and  limbs  ;  eyes  still  much  swollen  ;  tongue  as 
before;  do  not  wish  to  think,  read,  or  exercise;  pain  and  irresistible 
desire  for  stool,  evacuation  large  and  soft,  later  a  small,  thin,  dark  and 
slimy  stool;  pulse  88;  an  aching  low  down  in  back,  across  sacrum 
(mere  or  less  constant  during  proving)  ;  sleep  full  of  dreams  of  murder 
and  fighting.  On  15th,  slight  pains  in  abdomen,  making  him  sick, 
with  urging  to  stool  ;  empty  retching  j  could  eat  no  breakfast,  but 
after  2  or  3  b.  sleep  felt  better,  and  had  some  appetite  for  supper-, 
pulse  90. 

i.  On  3rd  d.  after  recommencing  drug,  slight  pain  in  bowels  ;  on 
5th  d,,  felt  dull  and  stupid  ;  eyes  swollen  and  conjunctiva  congested, 
eyeballs  sore  when  closing  lids,  and  when  pressing  ball.  On  6th  d^ 
eyes  same,  I.  especially  red  and  sore,  lids  scratch  on  rolling  ball,  light 
aggravates  soreness.  On  7th  d.,  eyes  same ;  dull  and  stupid.  On 
i!th  d.,  eyes  still  painfully  affected,  and  he  continues  to  feci  badly; 
though  pulse  and  functions  generally  are  normal, 

f.  Took  at  intervals  during  19  d.  Jj  of  solution  of  gr»  viij  to  the  oz. 
On  4th  d*,  a  light  whitish  fur  on  tongue ;  slight  orbital  oedema  and 
sclerotic  congestion  ;  one  light  painless  stool  at  7.30  a.m.  ;  pulse  at 
noon  65 — 69,  and  irregular,  5 — 7  intermissions  in  m.  On  3rd  d.,eyes 
sticky  and  sore  ;  on  8th  d.,  cye%  red  and  irritable ;  tongue  deep  red, 
considerably  corrugated  and  somewhat  furred  ;  considerable  thirst  last 
n.  On  gth  d.,  complexion  a  little  red  or  purplish  ;  tongue  not  so  red, 
papillae  at  back  elevated;  eyes  same;  loose  motion  at  8  a.m.  On 
lOth,  heavy  and  sleepy,  cannot  study,  disposed  to  remain  sitting  j  two 
stools,  first  part  of  each  natural,  latter  part  relaxed  and  acrid  ;  disposi- 
tion twice  again  to  go  to  stool,  passing  away  when  flatus  is  allowed  to 
escape  ;  escape  of  gas  nearly  always  preceded  by  more  or  less  pain 
through  small  intestines  ;  respiratory  sounds  not  clear ;  disposition  last 
n,  and  to-day  to  hack  and  cough;  pulse  76,  soft  and  rather  regular. 
On  luh  d.,  on  waking,  tongue  moderately  furred,  but  no  very  un- 
pleasant taste  in  mouth  ;  brief  crampy  pains  through  small  intestines 
several  times  in  d.,  also  previous  to  each  of  two  somewhat  abnormal 
stools  ;  appetite  not  good,  could  eat,  but  had  no  relish  for  the  food  ;  in 
forenoon  especially,  hacking  cough  without  expectoration.  On  12th 
d.,  nostrils  dry  and  somewhat  swollen  within ;  from  posterior  nares 


4 


ARSENICUM. 


411 


much  semisolid  whitish  mucus,  obliging  hawking  j  dull  and  listless  all 
d. ;  slight  dull  temporal  and  supra-orbital  aching;  eyes  feel  pufFy,  pal- 
pebral conjunctiva  quite  red  and  thickened  ;  tenderness  on  pressure 
all  over  abdomen  ;  at  6  a.m.,  a  large  liquid  stool,  preceded  by  pain,  and 
a  little  acrid  ;  several  times  sharp  stitching  pain  in  sides  of  chest, 
between  4th  and  7th  ribs ;  continual  irritation  behind  sternum,  about 
midway ;  percussion  over  chest  causes  pain,  but  gives  clear  resonance, 
while  respiratory  sounds  over  lower  half  are  quite  dull  -,  pulse  96,  at 
times  slender,  at  times  full  and  very  irregular ;  slight  tenderness  in 
renal  region,  urinated  but  twice  in  last  24  h.  On  13th,  felt  moderately 
well,  except  dull  and  stupid;  did  not  sleep  well,  dreamed  of  getting 
into  a  row  and  having  difficulty.  On  14th,  listless  and  dull,  and  could 
not  study,  but  was  bright  enough  while  walking  in  open  air ;  disposed 
while  indoors  to  get  near  fire  and  remain  there  ;  dull  temporo-orbital 
pain,  and  confusion  in  head  generally ;  eyes  more  puffy  and  congested, 
and  balls  sore  to  touch  or  on  pressure  ;  at  I  p.m*,  1.  pupil  much  larger 
than  other,  this  dilatation  passing  off  while  walking ;  tongue  on 
waking  somewhat  furred  at  back  and  papilla  there  elevated  ;  anterior 
part  fissured  ;  nasal  cavities  were  stopped  up,  and  from  L  nostril  a 
watery,  non-irritating  discharge  continued  till  10  a.m.  ;  great  thirst  j 
no  appetite  till  supper-time  ;  nausea,  aggravated  by  eating  ever  so 
little,  causing  him  almost  to  vomit,  a  tasteless  fluid  rising  into  the 
mouth, — relieved  by  rising  up  from  sitting  or  recumbency ;  bowels 
moved  once,  but  frequent  desire  to  act  subsequently,  ending  as  on  loth  ; 
stool  small  and  pasty,  preceded  by  griping  and  followed  by  burning  j 
dry  cough  all  d.,  causing  him  to  gag;  pulse  95 — 96  ;  dull  aching  across 
sacrum  and  down  outer  thighs  as  far  as  knees  all  d.,  and  for  a  short 
time  in  ant.  and  inner  part  of  I.  thigh.  On  15th,  aching  the  same  till 
ro  a.m.,  better  while  walking  about  all  d,,  but  returning  on  sitting 
down  in  e,  i  twice  a  sudden  and  transient  pain  from  below  1.  trochanter 
to  spermatic  cord;  eyes  slightly  agglutinated  on  waking,  but  orbital 
region  less  swollen  ;  same  sickish  feeling  as  yesterday,  and  no  appetite 
till  supper-time  ;  epigastrium  tender  on  pressure  ;  two  stools  as  yester- 
day;  same,  but  slighter,  disposition  to  cough  and  gag;  pulse  100, 
slender  and  intermittent,  in  m.,  80  in  afternoon  ;  nose  as  yesterday. 
On  1 6th,  mind  unfit  for  study,  disposed  to  be  irritable  ;  head  feels  dull ; 
nose  discharging;  dull  aching  across  orbits;  much  hawking;  one 
stool  as  before ;  cough  as  yesterday  ;  pulse  80  and  irregular  ;  pain 
under  trochanter  felt  occasionally  as  a  moderate  aching.  On  17th,  dul- 
ness  and  moderate  supra-orbital  aching  ;  nose  same  ;  sensation  of  dry- 
ness all  d.  in  fauces  and  pharynx,  parts  look  glassy  ;  in  e,  found  pupil 
of  1.  eye  much  enlarged  ;  one  stool  3s  before  ;  dry  cough  ;  pulse  75  and 
slightly  irregular.  On  18th,  dull  supra-orbital  headache  ;  profuse  nasal 
discharge  of  watery  mucus  ;  clammy  taste  in  mouth  ;  whitish  fur  on 
tongue  in  m*,  most  dense  at  base  ;  hawking,  worse  in  open  air ;  eyes 
feel  sticky,  vessels  turgid,  orbital  region  somewhat  swollen  ;  cough, 
worse  in  forenoon.  On  19th,  had  slept  uneasily,  dreamed,  and  shifted 
restlessly  ;  thirsty  on  getting  out  of  bed  ;  throat  dry,  and  when  so 
cough  most  troublesome ;  tonsils,  uvula,  and  soft  palate  red,  thickened, 
and  sore-looking,  but  no  special  pain  on  swallowing  ^  was  irritable  and 


4ia 


ARSENICUM. 


dull,  wanting  to  sit  or  lie  and  not  be  disturbed  ;  tongue  ciacked,  red, 
and  uneven,  and  slightly  furrowed  ;  eyes  rather  more  sore^  and  light  j 
pains  them  i  feeling  of  abdominal  repletion,  obliging  loosing  of  cloches  j 
a  transient  fine  shooting  once  from  1.  groin  through  navel  to  r.  ribs; 
dry  cough,  and  feeling  of  dryness  down  trachea  and  into  bronchi;  chest 
still  sore  on  percussion  {r,  side);  a  single  stitch  through  that  side , 
pulse  76  and  a  little  irregular*  On  20th  (med.  being  now  finished),  1 
mind  much  clearer  ;  head  feels  better  ;  still  nasaJ  catarrh,  stuffy  in  m^ 
fluent  through  d, ;  soreness  of  eyes  nearly  gone,  and  turgor  of  vessels  I 
diminished  on  ball,  not  on  lids  ;  on  waking  throat  dry,  and  much  stiff  | 
tenacious  mucus  lodged  in  upper  pharynx,  endeavour  to  dislodge  which 
caused  gagging  5  slight  fulness  in  abdomen  and  a  little  tenderness  in 
epigastrium  (for  some  time  past  sudden  pressure  on  abdomen  has  made 
pain  go  through  it)  continuing  till  flatus  had  passed  off  by  bowels  j  ^H 
appetite  good  ;  cough  as  yesterday  ;  soreness  on  walking  or  stooping,  ^h 
first  felt  on  getting  out  of  bed  in  m.,  very  severe  on  pressure,  at  each 
sacro-iliac  symphysis,  worse  on  1.  side  ;  when  walking  for  some  time 
pain  was  easier ;  pain  and  soreness  on  inner  side  of  I,  thigh  from  groin 
to  popliteal  space,  felt  also  to  slight  degree  in  other  thigh.  On  21st, 
throat  is  purple  redj  rough,  pitted  in  places,  and  studded  with  little 
points  of  mucus.  On  Z2nd,  woke  in  m,  with  dry  fauces  and  pharynx; 
uvula  swollen,  no  soreness ;  he  gags  when  mucus  (which  is  tenacious 
and  diflScult  to  dislodge)  is  hawked  from  behind  soft  palate  ^  during  d, 
throat  dry  and  sore,  empty  deglutition  painful  ;  tonsils,  fauces  and 
pharynx  are  purplish  red  and  cedematous,  and  in  places  covered  with  a 
tough  whitish  viscid  mucus  ;  ey^$  still  slightly  congested  ;  still  some 
epigastric  tenderness,  and  some  starts  of  pain  on  deep  pressure  upon 
abdomt?n  i  on  waking  nostrils  stuffed,  began  discharging  freely  about 
9  a.m.  i  commenced  coughing  on  waking,  and  continued  it  in  heat  of 
room,  respiratory  sounds  becoming  natural,  and  no  pain  or  soreness  in 
chest ;  pulse  80,  and  irregular  both  in  volume  and  beat  i  superficial  mI 
veins  full  j  but  little  soreness  now  felt  along  thigh.  On  23rd,  nose  ^M 
entirely  stopped  up  on  waking  ;  fauces  and  pharynx  dry^  and  a  quantity  ^" 
of  tough  yellowish  mucus  at  back  of  throat  and  nostrils;  through  d. 
free  discharge  of  yellowish  mucus  from  both  nasal  cavities  ;  sense  of 
smell  has  been  defective  since  nose  began  to  show  symptoms  j  throat 
painful  on  empty  deglutition  all  d.,  but  no  soreness  on  swallowing  food 
or  drink  j  cough  dry,  but  not  so  continuous.  On  24th,  on  waking, 
throat  much  better  ;  still  frequent  hawking  and  clearing  of  throat  ; 
oedema  less ;  nose  stil!  discharging  as  yesterday ;  mind  clear  and 
natural,  but  quite  a  severe  aching  through  temples  and  forehead  from 
waking  till  i  p.m,  ;  eyes  a  little  red  but  not  swollen,  and  sight  much 
clearer;  epigastric  and  umbilical  tenderness  on  deep  pressure,  which 
still  starts  gas  ;  fulness  in  stomach  and  bowels  after  moderate  eating. 
Nothing  now  mentioned  till  36th  d,,  when  there  had  been  no  headache 
for  10  d. ;  at  times  a  watery  mucous  discharge  from  nose  ;  still  dispo- 
sition to  clear  throat  of  tenacious  mucus  ,  dryness  only  occasionally 
felt,  and  soreness  much  less,  but  fauces  and  uvula  cedematous  and 
redder  than  usual  ;  eyes  a  little  red  and  watery,  but  feel  almost  well  j 
reading  by  artificial  light  cannot  long  be  endured  without  discomfort  j 


i 
4 


I 


ARSENICUM.  413 

appetite  good  ;  bowels  regular ;  cough  a  little  loose,  but  otherwise 
about  as  for  last  4  weeks  ;  once  or  twice  a  day  a  little  starch-like  sub- 
stance is  dislodged  seemingly  from  ist  r.  bronchus  at  a  spot  where 
there  is  slight  soreness  on  pressure  j  pulse  96,  slender,  and  a  little 
irregular. 

d,  "  Nearly  two  years  have  elapsed  since  the  proving  of  the  arseniate 
of  soda.  The  svmptoms  caused  by  the  drug  disappeared  entirely  soon 
after  I  ceased  taking  it,  except  those  of  the  nose,  fauces,  and  chest. 
These  have  been  quite  persistent  since  the  proving,  and  are  as  follows  : 
— The  nasal  mucous  membrane  is  dry,  the  nasal  mucus  becomes  tough, 
hard,  and  sometimes  when  dislodged  causes  bleeding.  From  the  pos- 
terior nares  there  is  a  dropping  of  mucus,  which  at  times  collects  in  a 
tough  and  very  tenacious  mass,  causing  considerable  hemming  and 
hawking  to  dislodge  it.  The  fauces  feel  dry  on  inspiration  and  on 
deglutition.  The  dryness  worse  in  the  m.,  and  always  after  a  cold. 
In  the  r.  side  of  the  chest,  beneath  the  cartilages  of  the  fourth  and 
fifth  ribs,  where  irritation,  pain,  and  soreness  occurred  when  proving 
the  medicine,  there  is  an  uneasiness,  which  on  any  physical  exertion 
occasions  a  teasing  sensation,  producing  a  dry  hacking  cough  and  slight 
soreness,  but  never  any  acute  pain.  These  symptoms  are  aggravated 
by  deep  inspirations,  by  dust,  and  a  close  atmosphere."     {Ibid.) 

26.  J.  G.  Thompson,  M.D.,  made  two  provings,  one  of  the  10 
grs.  to  3J  solution,  which  he  took  in  the  usual  manner  for  about  a  week  ; 
the  other  (with  18  d.  between)  of  the  8  grs.  to  the  oz.  solution,  of  which 
he  consumed  3j  in  about  3  weeks. 

a.  On  2nd  d.  found  an  effort  required  for  attending  to  accustomed 
duties  ;  tries  to  write,  but  has  to  form  each  word  laboriously ;  dull 
frontal  aching  on  waking,  during  d.  very  severe  frontal  pain,  every 
motion  jars  brain ;  conjunctivae  congested  (on  waking),  eyes  sore  on 
pressure  ^  at  5  p.m.,  feeling  of  nausea,  vomited  large  quantity  of  sour 
water ;  felt  better  while  lying  quiet ;  odour  of  food  then  pleasant  to 
him,  but  on  attempting  to  eat  first  bite  caused  same  vomiting ;  pulse 
98  ;  had  to  lie  on  face  to  get  to  sleep,  but  slept  well  through  n.  On 
3rd  d.,  head  dull  and  heavy,  with  frontal  aching ;  conjunctivae  of 
uniform  redness  ;  soreness  and  aching  of  eyes  on  moving  them  ;  face 
flushed  and  hot ;  through  m.  occasional  pains  in  umbilical  region,  with 
frequent  passages  of  flatus  ;  feeling  of  fulness  and  oppression  at  chest ; 
slept  moderately  well.  On  4th  d.,  feeling  of  nervousness  all  through 
body ;  head  heavy  ;  eyes  congested ;  occasional  pains  through  bowels, 
with  emissions  of  flatus ;  lungs  feel  oppressed  as  if  by  a  heavy  weight ; 
lower  extremities  feel  heavy.  On  5th  d.,  stupid  all  d. ;  dull  headache, 
frontal,  and  at  root  of  nose  ;  eyes  as  before  ;  face  feels  puffed  up  and 
hot,  heavy  aching  pain  in  ethmoid  bone ;  heavy,  oppressed  feeling  in 
chest,  requiring  quite  an  effort  to  draw  a  full  deep  breath.  On  6th, 
confused  feeling  in  head ;  nose  stopped  up,  must  keep  mouth  wide 
open  to  breathe  during  n. ;  after  rising,  clear  watery  coryza,  very  pro- 
fuse, with  constant  aching  at  root  of  nose  5  eyes  very  much  congested  ; 
oppression  in  chest,  with  slight  dry  cough  ;  on  commencing  to  move 
pain  and  soreness  in  r.  knee ;  slept  poorly,  would  start  up  and  be  wide 
awake  and  much  frightened.    On  7th,  gloomy,  wants  to  sit  quiet ; 


41^^^^^^^^^  ARSENICUM. 

head  heavy  ;  coryza  very  profuse  and  watery,  and  aching  severe  ;  eyes 
same,  looking  at  anything  makes  them  ache  ;  malar  bones  feel  as  if 
swollen  ;  muscles  of  mastication  feel  stiff,  and  pain  on  motion  ;  occa- 
sional pains  through  abdomen  ;  dry  cough  ;  lungs  feel  as  if  filled  with 
smoke  ;  extensor  muscles  of  thigh  feel  sore  ;  slept  better*  On  8th, 
dull  frontal  headache  ;  still  pain  at  nose,  discharge  becoming  whitis" 
and  thick ;  oppression  at  chest  ;  cough  looser,  but  no  expectoratic 
On  9th,  dulness  only  in  head  (frontal)  and  nose;  discharge  from  lat 
tough  and  yellowish  ;  chest  and  cough  same. 

h.  On  3rd  d.,  very  thirsty  throughout ;  and  about  10  m.  after  taking 
medicine  feeling  of  distress,  commencing  in  epigastriumj  and  in  a  few 
m.  extending  throughout  abdomen,  worse  on   movement.     On  4th  d,, 
dull  and  indisposed  to  study,  cannot  be  interested  ;  more  dull  of  hearing 
than  usual  ;  still  thirsty  ;  tongue  coated  with  thin  yellowish- white  fur ; 
eyes  a  little  irritable  and  congested,  sclerotic  slightly  yellowish,  and 
orbital  region  cedematous ;  some  reddish  irregularly  shaped  spots  over 
nose,  which  had  remained  from  former  proving,  are  now  irritable  and 
tender ;  frequent  copious  discharge  of  clear  watery  urine.     On  5th  d., 
could  not  concentrate  mind  readily  i  heavy,  disagreeably  full  feeling  in 
orbital  region  reaching  to  temple ;  thirst  a  little  less ;  tongue  as  yesterday  5 
eyes  sorer,  vessels  fuller,  and   they  burn  as  if  long  irritated   by  wood 
smoke  ;  r,  side  of  nose  and  over  bridge  a  little  red,  spots  not  so  sore  but 
harder ;    urine  rather  less  ;    transient  pains  (3  on  r.  side,  2  on   1.)  in 
front  of  chest,  below  7th  rib,  about  2  inches  from  sternum.     On  6th  d., 
mind  as  yesterday  ;  less  thirst ;  smarting  and  oedema  of  eyes  same  ;  no 
stool  for  2  d.  J  urine  normal  in  quantity  and  quality  ;  chest  pain  quite 
frequent  (about  20  times).     On  7th  d.,  moderately  severe  aching  in 
forehead  and  temples,  worst  in  and  above  orbits  ;    face  looks  hot  and 
feels  flushed  ;  oedema  in  infra-orbital  region,  lachrymation,  and  tendency 
to  close  eyes,  besides  the  congestion  and  smarting  ;    a  bright-red  r^h, 
blotchy  and    irregular  in  shape,  not    elevated,   appeared    in   m,  over 
forehead,  and  in  i  h.  extended  over  face  ;  natural  stool ;    chest- pains 
less  sharp  and  frequent,  but  oppression  and  soreness  on  inspiration   at 
their  site.     On  8th,  tongue  nearly  natural ;  eyes  heavy,  smarting,  sore 
on   movement,  with   orbital  aching ;     tenderness  of  epigastrium  ;    no 
stool  J  chest  as  yesterday  ;  pulse  a  little  irregular,  variable  in  volume^ 
72  (normally  80 — 85).     On  9th,  confusion  and  want  of  concentrating 
power  worse  ;    eyes  same   in  appearance,  but  close  and    ache  more  \ 
frequent  borborygmus  with  pain  ;  chest  same,  with  frequent  sighing 
and  yawning  ;  pulse  still  more  irregular;    on  lying  down  at  n.  (also 
previous  n.)  on  closing  eyes  visions  of  small  black  animals  appeared  to 
pass  before  him,  arousing  him  from   sleep  ;    and  while  sleeping  black 
objects  were  dreamed  of.     On  loth,  eyes  feel  same,  conjunctiva  looks 
more  congested  and  swollen ;    soreness  still   felt  on  inspiration,  and 
respiratory  sounds  not  clear;  pulse  76  and  but  slightly  irregular.     On 
1 1  th,  still  depressed;  heaviness  in  head,  but  less  pain;    thickening  of 
nasal  mucous  membrane ;    can   inhale,  but   exhales  with  difficulty  | 
much  yellowish  consistent  mucus  from  posterior  nares  ;    feeling  as  if 
some  burning  or  acrid  substance  had  been  taken  into  stomach  ;  two  m* 
stools,  rather  looser  than  usual  ;  more  or  less  constant  feeling  during 


'I 

I 


4 


4 


4 


ARSENICUM.  415 

m.  of  irritation  throughout  bronchi,  with  pain  and  soreness  on  r.  side, 
and  slight  dry  cough  ;  tenderness  on  pressure  in  supra-clavicular  region  ; 
pain  between  scapulae,  quite  severe,  causing  bending  forwards  for  relief, 
felt  at  every  inspiration  ;  after  1  h.  it  passed  below  point  of  scapula  to 
between  9th  and  loth  ribs,  where  there  is  soreness  on  deep  inspiration  j 
sleep  troubled  with  indefinite  dreams.  On  12th,  mind  dull  and 
desultory  ;  less  frontal  headache  than  previously  ;  much  sneezing  and 
watery  coryza ;  eyes  very  sore,  red,  and  weeping  in  open  air  j  epigas- 
trium has  been  tender  since  8th  d. ;  chest  till  3  p.m.  as  yesterday, 
respiratory  sounds  not  clear  at  base  of  r.  lung  ;  pulse  76,  slender,  but 
regular ;  dull  pain  through  r.  calf  and  popliteal  space  for  ^  h.  while 
lying,  passing  off  on  walking.  On  13th,  again  watery  discharge  from 
anterior,  thick  from  posterior,  nares  ;  eyes  looking  better ;  no  stool  for 
2  d.  ;  lungs  free  from  pain  or  soreness,  can  breathe  deeply  without 
inconvenience  ;  pain  again  in  r.  popliteal  space,  followed  by  frequent 
cramp  in  plantar  surface  of  r.  foot.  On  14th,  mind  as  before ;  fluent 
coryza  with  sneezing  all  d. ;  tongue  rather  whitish  and  downy  with 
metallic  taste  after  a  drink  of  watery  eyes  bad  again,  and  orbital 
region  much  swollen  ;  chest  also  oppressed  and  irritated  as  before ; 
pulse  76,  full,  and  regular.  On  iSth,  mind  same;  awoke  with 
somewhat  severe  pain  from  temple  to  temple  across  orbits,  con- 
tinuing all  d. ;  sneezing  on  every  exposure  to  cold  air,  nose  discharging 
or  stuffed  ;  hawking  as  before  ;  eyes  as  yesterday,  feeling  as  of  some- 
thing granular  on  lids  when  moving  balls  ;  natural  stool ;  chest  sorer 
than  yesterday,  and  more  (dry)  cough  ;  some  sharp  1.  infra-mammary 
pains  ;  respiratory  sounds  at  both  bases  indistinct ;  pulse  as  yesterday  ; 
heart-sounds  heard  distinctly  all  over  chest  5  weary  feeling  in  thighs 
this  afternoon.  On  i6th,  had  slept  soundly,  but  was  restless  and 
tossed  about  without  being  aware  of  it  (on  inquiry  found  that  this  has 
been  so  since  pathogenetic  effects  began) ;  when  roused  up  at  any  time 
since  taking  drug,  he  wakes  nervously  as  if  in  affright,  which  is  not 
usual  with  him  ;  no  headache ;  tongue  still  slightly  furred,  as  it  has 
been  for  several  d. ;  eyes  same ;  no  stool ;  chest  and  cough  same  ;  in 
afternoon  aching  travelling  down  anterior  lower  extremity,  increasing 
to  a  restless  uneasiness,  lasting  till  bedtime.  On  1 7th,  awoke  with 
very  severe  aching  across  brow  above  orbits,  with  considerable  vertigo 
on  moving  about,  and  sensation  of  lightness  or  largeness  of  head  while 
sitting,  continuing  severe  till  3  p.m.,  from  which  h.  aching  gradually 
lessened  to  bedtime ;  no  coryza  for  2  d.,  anterior  nares  clear,  but  post, 
obstructed ;  hawking  more  frequent,  and  mucus  more  yellow  and  thick ; 
eyes  same  ;  one  small  stool ;  cough  more  severe,  but  still  dry  ;  entire 
chest  feels  clogged  and  full^  and  sore  on  any  deep  inspiration  ;  auscul- 
tation eives  same  results;  pulse  76,  variable  in  volume;  heart-sounds 
unusually  loud  and  distinct ;  about  mid-afternoon  pain  again  in  r. 
popliteal  space  for  about  i  h.  ;  found  it  difficult  to  get  to  sleep,  from 
annoying  nervousness ;  when  attempts  were  made  to  rouse  him  in  n. 
rose  up  in  bed  excitedly  and  lay  down  again  unconsciously.  On  i8th, 
supra-orbital  headache,  constant  though  slight ;  hawking  same ;  on 
looking  into^throat  tonsils,  uvula,  soft  palate  and  pharynx  are  thickened, 
irregular  on*surfacej  swollen,  purplish  red,  with  abundance  of  yellowish- 


4t6 


ARSENICUM. 


tfn  2  pjE.   J 
auneor  j^J 

cxtrcmevp    ^ 


grey  mucuti  no  soreness   on  swallowing,  moderately  heswf 
coat    over    greater   surfecc  of  tongue   on    waking ;  coosiderible  poio 
through  abdomen  alJ  m.,  with  relaxation  of  bowels,  attacks 
towards    1    p.m.,  stools  rather  dark  and  very  flatulent  ;    from  2  pj£ 
every   i  h.  dull  cucirng  pain  for  5  m.  along   Poupaxt^s  I^ameor 
cither  side,  on  subsidence  of  which  there  is  for  10  ro.  stcfcentog  \ 
tion  in  1*  testicle,  as  after  a  blow, — testicle  during  this  time 
sensitive  to  touch  i  chest  and  cough  as  yesterday,  but   pain,  then  on 
r.  side,   is  now  on   L  ;  pulse  86,  slender,  and  irregular  ;  fret)  ueotljK 
recurring  sharp  stitches  along  palmar  surface  of  4th  metacarpal  booe^ 
in  one  or  other  hand  at  time  ;  inguinal  pain  woke  htm  3  times  in  a 
On  19th,  still  unable  to  bring  himself  to  study ;  inguinal  pain  eirrry  L 
only  today   (till  4  p.m.),  but  quite  as  severe  j  soreness   from  Umtst 
cervical  vertebrae  to  angles  of  both  scapulae,  felt  first  on  getting  oiut  of 
bed  in  m,,  becomes  stitching  pain  on  deep  inspiration,  which  lasts  a  long 
time.     On  20th,  throat  less  dark  and  rough  to  look  at,  but  feels  same  ^ 
hawking  as  frequent  i  eyes    same,   lower    lids    distinctly  granular  in 
appearance;  cough  loose  atn.,  but  in  d.  tight  and  more  painful}  all  d. 
sore  through  whole  chest,  and  at  times  recurrence  of  the  L  pleurodynia 
pulse  78,  at  times  slender,  at  times  full,  and  readily  fluctuating 
movement  of  body.     On  2ist,  head  as  on  i8th;  eyes  same  j   retttra  \ 
pain  of   18th  in  groin,  but  less  severe  ;  chest  as  yesterday.      On   aand,' 
three  small   loose   stools    before  9   a.m.     On  23rd,   frontal   headache 
rather  more   severe  ;  throat   painful  on  empty  swallowing  only  ;  eye 
sore  and  swollen  on  waking;  swelling  going  off  in  an  h.  ;  chest  aaa 
After  a  good  n,   woke   with  severe  supra-orbital  and  temporal  paio^ 
continuing  very  severe   till  4 — 5  p.m.,  when  it  passed  into  orbit  and 
ball  of  eye  posteriorly  ;  it  was  here  very  severe,  obliging  him  to  lie 
down  i  tnerc  was  much  photophobia,  whole  orbital  region  very  much 
swollen,  and  vessels  of  ball  and  lids  both  largely  congested;  pain  beg 
to  diminish   about  7,  and   by  bedtime  had  almost  ceased  ;  chest  sameP 
On  25th,  eyeballs  sore  on  pressure,  and  aching  on  looking  at  objects; 
epigastric  tenderness  again  to-day  ;  anterior  coryza  has  ceased  for  some 
d.  past,  but  much  mucus  as  before  is  still  hawked  in  m.  from  posterior 
nares  ;  there  is  dry,  stiff  feeling  in  pharynx  on  waking;  whole  throat 
still  looks  thickened,  pale  red,  and  spotted  with  mucus  ;  no  stool  for 
2  d,;  some  turns  of  dry  cough  ;  pulse  82,  full  and  regular.     Nothing 
now  noted   till   29th  d.,  when  throat  remained  the  same ;  eyes  were 
sore,  smarted  and  watered  on  going  into  open  air,  orbital  region  swollen 
mornings,  vessels  perceptibly  congested,  and  sight  very  much  weakened  ; 
he  had  lost  5  lb.  in  weight  (since  when  is  not  stated)  ;  bowels  move 
only  every  other  d* ;  cough  (dry)  only  noticed  now  on  exertion  ;  still 
stuffed  sensation  at  chest,  w^ith  soreness  on  deep  inspiration  ;  pulse  72, 
and    rather   irregular  in  volume  and  beat  ;    heart   beats  violently  on 
making  any  unusual  exertion  or  continuing  a  usual  one  long.     He 
had  less  strength  than  when  he  ceased  taking  medicine  7  d.  ago ;  and 
to-night  a  restless  feeling  prevented  sleep  till  after  i  a.m.     Here  the 
record  closes,     {/hid.) 

27,  Dr.  W.  J.  Blakeley  proved  iodide  of  A.     On  March  25th, 
1866,  he  took  gr.  4  of  2x  trit.  at  5,  and  gr.  j  at  7  p,m.     At  7.15  pecu-j 


ARSENICUM. 


417 


I 


I 


liar  chilliness  of  1.  thigh  followed  by  formication  and  weight  in  I.  foot, 

extending  up  leg  and  later  to  r,  foot ;  clothes  when  touching  limb  felt 
cold.  Chilliness,  first  and  most  on  back  of  thigh,  disappeared  on 
application  of  warmth  ;  formication  (and  weight)  relieved  by  walking, 
later  combined  with  pricking  and  burning.  At  8  took  gr.  iss*  Inter- 
mittent pain  in  a  molar;  burning  heat  in  lumbar  region,  as  if  clothes 
were  on  fire ;  persistent  itching  at  various  spots,  especially  of  back. 
After  2  h.,  with  itching,  early  sleepiness  and  yawning  j  weakness  of 
eyes  with  burning  and  feeling  as  if  lachrymation  would  set  in  ;  tired, 
weary  feeling  in  calves  ;  intermitting  pain  in  r.  temple.  26th. — At 
10  a.m.  took  3  grs>  At  11  dull  heavy  soreness  of  h  scalp,  and  dulness 
of  head,  lasting  all  m.,  with  occasional  malar  and  frontal  aching* 
At  2,15  took  4  grs.  Very  severe,  laming  pain  in  1.  calf,  later 
embracing  whole  leg,  disappearing  during  active  motion,  returning 
when  at  rest.  Abdomen  hard  and  distended  with  flatus,  which  ts 
constantly  discharged  i  severe  cutting  pains  there  at  6.30  as  if  he 
would  have  a  stool,  but  only  flatus  (in  large  quantities)  escaped,  with 
some  relief  to  pains,  which  was  also  afforded  by  warmth  to  abdomen  ; 
at  9  pains  became  intense,  embracing  entire  abdomen  and  obliging  him 
to  bend  almost  double  ;  after  great  straining  passed  large  soft  stool 
with  some  relief.  27th. — Severe  frontal  headache  with  dulness  of 
entire  head,  during  forenoon  ;  1.  neck  stiff  and  sore,  worse  on  move- 
ment. At  11.30  aching  over  whole  head,  and  heaviness  of  limbs  with 
weariness  of  whole  body.  Took  3  grs.  Soreness  of  back,  especially 
of  necjc,  as  tf  beaten  there;  pulse  (11.40)  irregular,  96;  in  health 
about  75.      {Hahn.  Alonthiy^  iii,  263.) 

28,  E.  W.  Beebe,  M.D.,  in  perfect  health,  took,  Jan.  13th,  1866, 
gr.  j  of  ii  trit.  In  about  2  h.  afterwards,  while  writing,  felt  sharp  pain 
in  upper  third  of  humerus  of  r.  extremity,  which  lasted  some  5  or  10 
m.,  when  suddenly  it  left  there  and  appeared  in  metacarpal  bones  of  r. 
hand  ;  after  continuing  for  some  time,  felt  same  kind  of  pain  in  shaft 
of  I.  femur*  Pain  seemed  to  be  of  rheumatic  character,  but  was  con- 
fined  to  shafts  of  bones  (he  never  had  any  pain  like  it  before,  nor  any 
tendency  to  rheumatism).  Experienced  no  other  symptoms  during  n.^ 
but  slept  as  well  as  usuaL  Next  m.  repeated  dose^  but  felt  no  parti- 
cular symptoms  during  d.,  except  that  he  felt  as  though  he  had  taken 
cold,  though  he  had  not  exposed  himself  in  the  least  that  he  knew  of  j 
there  was  some  slight  hacking  cough,  with  dryness  and  stoppage  of 
nostrils-  In  e,  took  another  dose  of  about  gr.  i^  ;  in  a  short  time 
afterwards  had  evacuation  of  bowels,  which  was  soft  and  mushy,  with 
considerable  straining  and  tenesmus  ;  it  was  very  dark  in  colour,  almost 
black.  Slept  well  during  n,,  but  on  rising  in  m.  there  was  great 
urging  to  stool,  but  instead  of  the  discharge  being  copious  it  was  very 
scanty,  as  though  anus  was  contracted  ;  it  was  of  mushy  consistency, 
with  occasional  scybala,  which  were  also  small  in  size  and  of  a  peculiar 
black  colour,  resembling  the  faeces  of  an  ox  nearer  than  anything  else  j 
the  discharge,  as  before,  was  attended  by  straining  similar  to  that  of 
dysentery.  Took  another  dose  in  m.  of  about  a  grain  5  bad  no  appe- 
tite, and  ate  nothing  all  d.  but  a  few  crackers  and  a  cup  of  coffee, 
which  he  had  been  in  the  habit  of  using  all  the  time  ;  had  some  fever 

27 


4i8 


ARSENICUM. 


«13 


during  d,,  pulse  80  and  strong  ;  in  afternoon  had  considerable  pain  in 

stomach,  with  raising  of  wind,  and  of  a  greasy  fluid  similar  to  that  one 
sometimes  experiences  after  eating  salt  pork.  The  pain  and  pjrro^is 
soon  became  unbearable,  and  he  took  a  single  dose  of  bryonia  6th, 
which  gradually  dissipated  the  symptoms.  Had  as  many  as  8  or  10 
discharges  from  bowels  during  d.,  of  the  same  nature  as  before  j  they 
were  especially  urgent  on  rising  after  sitting  for  a  short  time  ;  there 
was  continual  aching  in  anus,  with  seeming  inability  to  keep  the 
sphincter  closed  ;  this  aching  would  amount  to  real  dysenteric  straining 
at  stooL  Went  to  bed  at  n.  feeling  decidedly  uncomfortable  j  had  bad 
feeling  in  head,  similar  to  that  produced  by  a  bad  cold  ;  was  very  rest- 
less, and  slept  but  little  during  n.  ;  awoke  next  m.  with  a  bad  headache, 
which  lasted  all  d.^ — it  seemed  to  be  of  a  dull  heavy  character,  with 
pressing  from  within  outwards ;  was  worse  on  motion,  by  stooping, 
and  by  study  ;  nose  seemed  quite  dry,  and  had  some  fever  ;  thirst  was 
not  very  marked.  Was  restless  again  at  n, ;  did  not  sleep  much  from 
pain  in  head  ;  arose  in  m.  feeling  very  badly  ;  head  seemed  enormously 
large  and  heavy,  with  considerable  pain*  After  moving  about  for  a 
short  time,  began  to  hawk  up  quantities  of  thick  mucus  and  clotted 
blood  mixed  together  ;  this  continued  for  upwards  of  ^  h.,  and  seemed 
to  come  from  head,  and  relieved  its  pain  very  materially — ^so  much  so 
that  it  felt  quite  natural  again*  Had  no  other  symptoms  of  any  notc^ 
with  the  exception  of  the  discharges  from  the  bowels,  which  continued 
for  6  or  7  d.  longer,  with  from  5  to  10  stools  per  d.  ;  colour  remained 
the  same  until  near  the  last,  when  stools  gradually  began  to  assume  the 
natural  colour,  and  left  bowels  in  about  or  nearly  a  natural  condition* 
There  was  one  marked  peculiarity  about  effect  upon  bowels,  viz.  he 
was  not  obliged  to  get  up  at  all  during  n.,  but  just  as  soon  as  he  began 
to  dress  in  m.  there  was  great  urging  for  stool,  &c.,  with  symptoms  as 
given  above,     {U.  S,  Med.  and  Surg.  Journey  i,  3350 

29.  a.  Dr.  Stevenson,  Dec.  24th,  1850,  took  on  three  successive 
e.  I  gr  of  3rd  trit.  of  metallic  arsenic.  Slept  unusually  well  1st  n*, 
and  could  not  keep  awake  following  e.  On  25th,  had  ulcer  on  r* 
inner  under-lip,  sore  when  tongue  touches  it ;  gums  swollen  and  painful 
to  touch.  26tha — On  waking,  sensation  as  if  head  was  swollen  ;  pube 
68  (normally  55) ;  pulsations  felt  all  over  body  m  m.,  especially  in  r* 
hip-joint,  which  feels  lamc^  but  does  not  really  hinder  walking.  Again 
slept  better  and  longer  than  usual,  and  was  reluctant  to  rise  next  m* 
On  27th,  a  new  ulcer  on  1.  side  of  underlip. 

A,  Jan.  3rd,  1851,  took  for  3  e.  successively  i  gr.  of  1st  trit.  On 
4th,  9  a.m.,  pulsation  all  over  body,  especially  under  sternum  ;  pulse 
68  ;  heavy  dull  feeling  in  forehead  \  eyelids  slightly  inflamed  and 
swollen  i  dry  heat  in  palms;  dry  mouth,  tongue  white-coated  i  bloated 
feeling  and  burning  in  feet  ;  pain  and  stiffness  in  lumbar  muscles. 
5th. — Pulse  68  in  m.,  53  in  e. ;  in  afternoon  tension  and  fulness  in 
abdomen,  with  heaviness  of  head  and  slight  vertigo.  At  n»  sensation 
as  if  hands,  fingers,  and  feet  were  swollen,  feels  as  if  he  could  not  close 
nds,  with  cracking  of  finger-joints  ;  slept  little,  with  great  inclinarron 
sleep;  head  also  felt  swollen,  and  face  as  if  bloated  5  pain  in  I, 
ifead,  extending  to  L  eye  and  ear.     Pulse  in   ro.  68  ;    hot  rising  as 


y 


ARSENICUM.  419 

of  bile  ;  headache,  worse  when  laughing,  and  soreness  of  scalp  on  least 
pulling  of  hair  ;  bloated  abdomen  ;  debility  and  general  sense  of  prostra- 
tion ;  restless  sleep  with  sense  of  fulness  of  head,  felt  while  sleeping, 
worse  when  awaking.  7th. — Pulse  in  m.  68,  in  e.  43  (?)  ;  atn.  burning 
of  hands  and  feet ;  eyes  so  painful  that  he  cannot  read  much  ;  at  n. 
dreams  of  danger,  especially  from  water.  8th. — Pulse  72  in  m.,  64  in 
e. ;  pulsation  felt  all  over  ;  slept  better,  but  was  restless  j  when  conscious 
felt  as  if  he  would  have  headache  in  m.  on  waking. 

r.  Jan.  i6th. — Took  6  pellets  of  30th  for  5  e.  running.  17th. — Pulse  49  at  6  a.m., 
at  9  had  become  64,  full,  and  strong,  with  pulsations  all  over  body.  At  n.  feet  burning 
hot,  dry,  was  compelled  to  keep  them  outside  bedclothes.  On  18th,  pulse  and 
throbbings  as  yesterday;  desponcfency  and  lowness  of  spirits  j  g^ms  swollen,  feeling 
as  If  scalded;  some  salivation;  slight  1.  infra-mammary  pains.  Slept  well,  feet  did 
not  bum  so  much.  19th. — In  m.  tongue  coated  white,  and  marked  by  teeth  j  pulse 
and  throbbings  same  j  gums  better ;  red  sandy  deposit  in  urine.  20th. — Pulse  in 
m.  64;  itching  and  burning  in  lower  part  ot  face.  21st. — Pain  in  muscles  of  1. 
chest ;  great  lassitude ;  throbbing  all  over ;  coryza,  scalding  and  excoriating ;  face 
same.  From  22nd  to  27th,  face  same,  with  swelling;  relieved  by  cold  washing, 
worse  at  n.  5  forehead  feels  much  swollen  and  skin  stiff,  tight,  and  fixed.  Itching 
relieved  by  pressing  and  pinching,  not  by  scratching.  For  many  n.  past  very 
unpleasant  dreams,  especially  of  danger  from  water.  Later,  skin  desquamated  in 
very  small  scales.     (Dr.  Lippe's  provings,  Metcalf,  op,  cit,,  p.  208.) 

30.  a,  — ,  Dec.  nth,  took  for  6  n.  running  i  gr.  of  3rd  trit.  On 
1 2th  felt  as  if  fumes  of  whisky  had  gone  to  his  head  ;  great  drowsiness 
in  afternoon  and  irresistible  sleepiness  in  e.  On  13th,  same  from 
1 1  a.m.  till  n. ;  felt  as  if  he  should  fall  asleep  while  walking  in  after- 
noon. For  5  d.  following  great  lassitude,  weakness,  and  depression  of 
spirits. 

b,  Jan.  16th. — ^Took  for  6  e.  6  pellets  of  30th.  17th. — Pulsations  at  umbilicus 
and  in  r.  anterior  tibial  artery  5  deep-seated  numbness  in  r.  hip.joint,  extending  to 
pubes.  18th — 26th. — Feet,  usually  cold,  have  become  warm,  and  sweat  more  5 
numbness  from  lumbar  vertebrae  round  crest  of  r.  ilium  and  inside  of  thigh  to  knee« 
27th. — GBdematous  swelling  of  forehead  and  face,  with  itching  allayed  only  by 
pinching;  itching  at  seat  of  former  numbness  in  thigh. 

r.  Took  I  dose  of  6  pellets  of  30th,  and  awoke  next  m.  with  distressing  lancina- 
ting griping  in  bowels ;  afterwards  one  acrid,  burning,  watery  stool,  relieving  pains, 
but  leavmg  great  weakness  5  he  falls  asleep  afier  sitting  down  5  pulse  60,  full.     (Ibid.) 

31.  From  beginning  of  Nov.,  1856,  to  following  June,  I  took  by 
way  of  experiment  4  grms.  of  arseniate  of  soda,  a  single  dose  taken  at  a 
time,  at  intervals  of  2  d.,  beginning  with  5  mlgrms,  and  increasing 
gradually  to  4  cgrms.  During  whole  period  no  intolerance  of  drug 
was  experienced,  but  appetite  was  excessive,  and  I  assumed  an  embon- 
point quite  striking  to  my  acquaintances.  Discontinuance  of  drug  was 
followed  by  considerable  emaciation,  but  by  no  other  symptoms.  Later, 
5  cgrms.  of  arsenious  acid,  taken  at  supper,  caused  nothing  more  than 
nausea  and  headache  the  following  m.,  with  slight  diarrhoea,  all  of 
which  entirely  disappeared  in  course  of  d.  (Gouffier,  Rech.  sur 
F usage  int.  des  prep,  arsen.^  Paris,  1857.) 

32.  Dr.  Jas.  Jones  took  Ars.  3,  in  drop  doses  4  times  a  d.,  for  6 
weeks.  He  lost  flesh,  had  some  acidity  and  heat  at  stomach,  thirst,  and 
two  patches  of  squamous  eruption  over  external  malleolus.  Ten  years 
later  skin  was  still  darker  than  that  of  rest  of  body,  and  occasionally 
itched.     [Annals  of  B.  H.  5.,  viii,  62.) 


420 


ARSENICUM. 


33.  Harlbs  gave  to  healthy  adults  Ath  to  ^th  gr,  ars.  cvcrjr  4, 5, or 
more  h.     Effects  were  increase  of  muscular  irritability  and  contractility, 
at  first  especially  in   stomach  and    intestines,  then   in  arterial   system  i 
less  in  voluntary  motor  muscles  of  limbs.     Increase  of  peristaltic  move- 
ments of  intestines.     Slight  contractions  of  oesophagus,  stronger  irtcnal 
pulse,  increase  of  energy  of  small  arteries  of  extremities,  increased  heat 
and  appetite.     Excitation   of  the  nerves  at  the  place  where   the  dr 
is    received,    up    to    considerable    erethism   and    increased    sensitiit-^ 
ness.     This  effect  is  observed  chiefly  ^n  the  nerves  of  the  stomach  andj 
small  intestines.     The  pulsation  of  the  arteries  is  increased  in  str 
and  frequency,  even  after  a  very  small  dose  of  ars.      When  the  dc 
somewhat    increased  a  febrile    commotion   is   observed  in    the   whole* 
sanguineous  system,  and  if  the  drug  h  continued  a  kind  of  remittentl 
fever  is  produced,  not  exactly  a  rigor  or  febrile  chill,  but  fugirive  hcatt] 
affect  the  body,  sometimes  declining,  sometimes  increasing,  chiefly  felt 
in  the  stomach  and  pnecordia,  and  also  in  face  and  forehead,  terminating 
generally  in    moisture  or  sweat,  either  general  or  specially  in  face  and 
palms  of  hands.     This  kind  of  fever  occurs  from  the  internal,  but  also 
from   the  external,  use  of  ars.  {i.e.  when  applied   to  cancerous  ulcers). 
This  fever,  whether  observed  in  healthy  men  or  in  cases  of  disease,  has  no^ 
certain  type,  like  ague.    The  temperature  of  the  whole  body  is  in  excess 
of  the  normal ;  the  heat  is  for  the  most  part  dry  (unless  there  is  fever), 
and  sometimes  more  or  less  pungent,  but  when  small  doses  are  taken  it 
is  hardly  unpleasant,  and  (when  the  ars.  is  taken  by  the  mouth)  almost 
always  seems  to  proceed  from  the  stomach  and   pr^ecordia  as  a  centre^ 
and  spreads  thence  over  the  rest  of  the  body,  but  is  more  especially  fclej 
in  forehead  and  eyebrows.     There  is  slight  pinching  and  heat  of  stomach  ' 
and  oesophagus,  seldom   slightly  painful,  never  very  painful   unless  the 
dose  was  very  large.     Appetite  for  food  somewhat  increased,  sometimes 
to  greater  hunger  than   usual,  the  digestion  is  good,  perhaps   increased 
when  small  doses  ^^ih  to  ^th  are  given,      A  larger  dose  diminishes  the 
appetite,  causes   prostration  and   nausea,  and   even    vomiting.     Thirst, 
increased  moderately  with  small  doses,  more  with  larger  doses.     Stools! 
usually  more   frequent,  loose  and    pappy,  or   if  the  use  of  the  ars,  is 
prolonged   semi-liqutd  ;  but   scarcely  so  frequent  and  liquid   as  to   be 
called  diarrhoea  or  yet  dysentery  j  colic  and  tenesmus  are  only  observed 
from  larger  doses,   or  if  the   med.    be  long  continued   or   frequently 
repeated.     The  urinary  secretion  and  excretion  are  more  frequent  and 
profuse,  the  urine  is  more  profuse  when  the  skin  is  dry  than  when  there 
is  perspiration.     Long-continued  use  of  ars.  sometimes  causes  increased 
secretion  of  saliva,  slight  ptyatism,  and   increased  and  easy  secretion  ofi 
phlegm  from    the  mucous    glands  of   the  fauces,  trachea,  and  lungs^' 
especially  in  persons  subject  to  dell ux ion  in  the  respiratory  tubes,  and 
to  catarrhs.      {De  Ars.  mu  in  Med.^  Norimb.,  181J,) 

11.   Poisifnings,^ 


♦  It  must  be  rtmembcired  that  this  CyclopisMa  doc*  not  profess  to  give  a  conipletc| 
coUettion  of  all  recorded  cases  of  poisoning  by  drugs,  or  an  exhaustive  account  of! 
the  appearance  therein  ot  .iny  particular  phenomena.  The  instructions  under  which  ^ 
wc  work  bid  us  "give,  in  describing  virulent  drugs,  such  selected  cases  as  maj; 
properly  illuMrate  the  various  forma  of  poisoning  by  them  ;**  and  to  this  wr  fai 


ARSENICUM.  421 


Contents. 


CASE 

Irritative  form     ....  i — 3 

Choleraic    „        .         .         .         .  4 

Collapse 5 

„       with  reaction           .         .  6,  7 

Febrile  form        ....  8— 11 

Convulsions        .         .         .         .  13,  14 

Chronic  poisoning        .         .         .  15 


CASE 

Paralysis     ....  16—14 

Cutaneous  phenomena          .  14 — 44 

Action  on  special  organs     ,  45 — 55 

Arsenic-eating    ...  56,  57 

Medicinal  poisoning    .         .  58 — 65 

Arsenical  compounds  .         .  66 — 69 

Arsenical  emanations           .  70 — 81 


1.  A  female,  act.  22,  swallowed  a  large  dose  of  A.  She  was 
immediately  afterwards  seized  with  intense  thirst,  severe  burning  pain, 
violent  vomiting  and  diarrhoea,  continuing  incessantly  till  death,  which 
took  place  in  7  h.  There  were  no  nervous  symptoms.  Stomach  and 
whole  alimentary  canal  were  found  extensively  inflamed.  (Taylor, 
op.  cit.y  p.  320.) 

2.  a,  A  youth,  act.  17,  took  more  than  3ss  of  A.,  about  1 1.30  a.m. 
By  I  he  had  been  attacked  with  vomiting  and  very  violent  retching, 
with  much  distress.  At  2  he  was  seen  in  bed  ;  vomiting  still  frequent ; 
heat  and  uneasiness  in  gullet^  but  more  distressing  and  pungent  in 
stomach  ;  pulse  112,  pretty  sharp  ;  skin  rather  hot ;  tongue  whjte  and 
dry  ;  urgent  thirst.  Stomach  being  washed  out,  symptoms  of  gastritis 
diminished  ;  but  general  chilliness,  coldness  of  extremities  and  cramps 
of  legs  indicated  approaching  collapse.  At  4,  a  very  copious  stool, 
loose,  without  blood,  painless.  Towards  6,  drowsy,  very  sensible  of 
cold,  still  vomiting  occasionally  yellow  fluid  and  mucus.  No  pain  or 
tenderness  at  epigastrium,  and  burning  there  had  almost  ceased  ^  cramps 
extending  upwards.  Pulse  not  above  70,  and  small  ;  heat  of  trunk 
below  natural.  About  7,  evacuation  of  ash-coloured  fluid  like  dirty 
water  ;  general  sinking  ;  increasing  drowsiness.  Between  8  and  9, 
pulse  small  and  irregular,  70 — 140.  Mouthfuls  of  same  yellowish  fluid 
discharged  from  time  to  time  without  eflFort ;  thirst  not  urgent,  but  he 
swallowed  very  readily  any  fluid  that  was  given.  Cramp  extended  to 
abdomen,  but  did  not  cause  much  suffering.  Continued  drowsy  and 
quiet,  and  died  thus  at  2  a.m. 

h.  P.M.  (12  h.  later). — Muscles  (including  heart)  strongly  defined 
and  rigid,  and  on  dissection  peculiarly  red  and  firm,  especially  in 
abdomen  j  costal  pleura  much  injected  j*  1.  heart  empty,  r.  full  of  dark 
fluid  blood.  Stomach  reddened  much,  and  at  one  spot  abraded^  towards 
pylorus  ;  small  intestine  also  reddened  internally.  Colon  and  bladder 
much  contracted.f  Urine  turbid,  milky-white,  and  coagulated  from 
heat.     {Edin,  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.^  xxxii,  305.) 

confined  ourselves.  It  must  be  understood  that  the  symptoms  and  symptom-groups 
here  presented  are  typical,  not  isolated  occurrences.  At  the  same  time,  to  promote 
confidence  and  aid  in  further  study,  we  have  under  Arsenic  given  occasional  refer- 
ences to  cases  not  introduced  into  the  text,  that  the  wide  field  of  its  toxicology  may 
be  more  fully  utilised.  The  further  treatment  of  individual  symptoms  must  be  left 
to  the  companion  volume  in  preparation  by  the  Hahnemann  Publishing  Society.— Eds. 

*  So  also  in  Nos.  93  (Jviij  of  bloody  serum  in  sac),  136,  and  156  (a  fowl)  of 
Berridge.     (See  next  note.) 

f  The  contraction  of  colon  noted  here  is  also  seen  in  Nos.  94, 262-3  266  and  274 
of  Dr.  Berridge's  collection  of  cases  of  poisoning  by  A.  in  his  Pathogeiutic  Record^ 
vol.  i,  published  as  appendix  to  Brit.  Joum.  of  Horn. 


421 


ARSENICUM. 


3.  A  large  number  of  persons  were  poisoned  at  St.  Denis  by  eating] 
bread  containing  A.     Dr.  Fcltz  had  under  his  care  80  cases.     Most  of 
these  presented  similar  symptoms.     Soon  after  the  meal,  sense  of  weight  1 
at    epigastrium    and    general   malaise    were    experienced.       Vomiting 
occurred   i' — 4  h.  after   the   meal,  at  first  of  food.     Several    presented 
diarrhoea  at  same  time  as  vomiting,  hut  in  more  than  one-half  there  | 
was  no  early  diarrhoea.     The  latter  ceased  in  all   cases    in  6 — S   h. 
while   vomiting   continued    24  or   even   36   h,,  and  was   frequent,  of 
greenish-yellow   mucus,  and    bilious   matters*     In   some,  who  had  no 
immediate    diarrhcea,  a    slight  attack    occurred   in    course  of    1st  d. 
Others  had  no  diarrhcea  at  any  time.     Two,  who  had  eaten  the  bread 
for  2  d.,  had  no  vomiting,  but  suffered  from  diarrhoea  for  about    12  d,,j 
their  other  symptoms  being  the  same  as  chose  of  the  rest.     There  was] 
burning   pam  in    throat,  behind   sternum,  and   in  epigastrium,  and   atl 
latter  spot  very  painful  sense  of  weight.     Pulse  varied   between  90  and  I 
no,  and  was  regular;    skin   was  dry.     Headache  severe,  with    acute  1 
sense  of  constriction  in  temples.     Most  patients  complained  of  noises  < 
in  ears  and  of  slight  vertigo.     There  was    prostration,  and  sense  of 
extreme  feebleness  in  legs,  with  severe  pain  in  loins  :  latter  symptom  1 
was  invariable.     Urine  was  normal  j  in  some,  during  period  of  vomit- I 
ing  and  diarrhoea,  very  little  urine  was  passed  j    in  no  case  was   there 
any  excessive  urinary  secretion, 

if.  On   3rd  d.,  these  symptoms  lessened  in  intensity  ;  but  without! 
an  exception   there  appeared  at   end   of  2nd  or   beginning  of    3rd  d,  ^ 
swelling  of  eyelids,  accompanied  with  conjunctivitis*     In  some,  whole 
face  was  swollen  ;   in  some   there  was   an  eruption  of    urticaria »    in 
two  women    eruption   was    scarlatiniform   in    character.       One    man 
suffered  only  from  urticaria  of  scrotum  and  herpes  labialis.     Almost  J 
all,  even   those  who  had  no  eruption,  suffered  from  irritation  of  skin,  1 
and  in  some,  scratching  caused  a  transient  uriicarioid  rash.     In  eight 
who  had  eaten  of  bread  during  2  d.  there  were  visual  troubles.     Three  j 
had   sensation  of  hght  in   outer  angle  of  eyes,  others   that  of  flames  | 
darting  forwards,  these  sensations   being  present  only  when   eyes  were  I 
shut  or  in   dark.     On   this  3rd  d.    there  was   great  thirst  ;    mucous  ' 
membrane  of  throat  was  red  j  many  presented  herpetic  vesicles  on  lips, 
and  one  man  had  herpes  on  prepuce. 

r.  These  symptoms  continued,  lessening,  until   7th   d.     Appetite  I 
was  then  still  deficient  ;  patients  complained  of  a  metallic  taste  i  and  1 
throat  was  still  rf^d.    Swelling  of  face  and  skin  eruptions  had  disappeared,  ^ 
but  there  was  still  some  muscular  weakness   and   sense  of  weight  and 
burning  at    epigastrium.       By    loth   d,  all  these  symptoms    had  dis- 
appeared, with  exception  of  anorexia  and  heat  in   throat.     A   woman 
who  had  had  a  scarlatinoid  eruption   presented  now  enormous  u;dema  ■ 
of  legs,  but  without  albuminuria.     Another  local  practitioner  obscncd  I 
jaundice  in  one  case.     {Lancet^  May  29th,  j88o.) 

4.  a,  July  4th,   i860j  man  came  under  Prof.  Virchow's   care  who 
had  taken  a  tablespoonful  of  powdered  A.,  dry.     He  h.id  keen  pains  in  1 
whole  abdomen  without  much  tension  ;  violent  thirst;  constant  diarrhoea  ' 
and  vomiting  j  pulse  hardly  perceptible  i  sounds  of  heart  very  feeble; 


ARSENICUM.  4^3 

deep  blue  complexion*  (including  lips  and  conjunctiva),  with  quiet 
respiration  ;  skin  very  cold,  especially  on  extremities ;  subsultus 
tendinum  ;  and  cramps  in  calves.  In  spite  of  hydrated  iron,  &c.,  death 
ensued  in  a  few  h. 

b,  P.M.  July  8th. — No  marks  of  erosion  in  mouth,  oesophagus,  or 
alimentary  canal.  Stomach  greatly  distended,  covered  externally  with 
dirty  red  colouring  matter ;  within,  veins  greatly  enlarged,  great 
quantity  of  thin  yellowish-brown  fluid  in  cavity,  mucous  lining 
generally  swollen,  of  livid  tint,  a  large  ecchymosis  at  fundus.  Micro- 
scopic examination  showed  on  surface  of  membrane  a  very  thick 
granular  mass,  penetrating  whole  tissue,  but  deeper  in  glandular  part ; 
glands  very  distinct,  their  epithelium  enlarged  and  opaque,  and  in  manv 
places  in  advanced  state  of  fatty  metamorphosis ;  interstitial  tissue  full 
here  and  there  of  little  globular  cells,  giving  it  a  granulating  appearance. 
Intestines  contracted  at  places  ;  in  duodenum  dark  green,  almost  black 
matter,  at  upper  part,  mixed  lower  down  with  whitish  mucus,  which 
also  lined  jejunum.  There  also  a  gruel- like  fluid,  greyish  or  yellowish- 
white  ;  in  ileum  and  large  intestine  becoming  like  rice-water,  in  latter 
tinged  with  red.  Under  microscope  this  was  found  of  same  composi- 
tion as  in  cholera,  especially  as  regards  numerous  shoals  of  bacteria  and 
vibriones,  which  perfectly  corresponded  with  the  cholera  fungi  described 
by  Klob  and  others.  Intestinal  mucous  membrane  was  dirty-white 
throughout ;  Peyer's  and  solitary  glands  much  swollen  from  ileo-caecal 
valve  upwards.f  Tissue  of  membrane  throughout  appeared,  under 
microscope,  full  of  finely  granulated  fat. 

Prof.  Virchow,  commenting  on  this  case,  points  out,  ist,  how  very 
similar  the  post-mortem  condition  of  the  alimentary  canal  is  to  that  found 
in  cholera  5  and  2nd,  that  the  inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  stomach  is  not  such  as  a  corrosive  would  excite,  but  rather  a 
gastro-adenitis,  very  similar  to  that  produced  by  phosphorus,  and 
occurring  also  in  various  typhous  forms  of  fever.  ( V  irchow's  Archiv^ 
xlvii,  3  and  4.  Hoffmann  observed  similar  phenomena  in  two  cases. 
See  vol.  1,  p.  456.) 

5.  A  child,  set.  20  months,  ate  some  paste  consisting  of  honey, 
flour,  and  arsenic.  He  was  caught  in  the  act,  and  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  paste  was  forced  from  his  mouth.  Ipecacuanha  wine 
produced  vomiting,  which  was  encouraged,  and  milk  freely  given. 
Between  vomitings  he  appeared  lively.  In  2  h.  had  two  natural 
motions,  and  was  sleeping  calmly  as  usual ;  had  complained  of  no  pain  ; 
respiration  a  little  hurried.  In  about  6  or  7  h.  he  became  somewhat 
restless  j  and  soon  after  surface  grew  cold,  lips  livid,  eyes  sunk,  pupils 
fixed  and  rather  dilated,  pulse  scarcely  perceptible,  respiration  feeble 
with  sighing.  After  lying  \  h.  in  this  condition,  he  expired  without  a 
struggle,  nearly  8  h.  after  taking  poison.  On  inspection,  stomach  and 
intestines  presented  little  deviation  from  the  healthy  state.  Stomach 
contained  mucus  and  a  portion  of  the  paste,  but  villous  surface 
presented  no  sign  of  inflammation.  (Taylor,  p.  319.  Christison 
{pp.  at.)  relates  twelve  cases  of  this  form  of  poisoning.) 

*  So  also  in  Berridge,  No.  188  (4). 
f  So  also  in  BiRRiDCEy  Nos.  is,  ftif. 


ARSENICUM. 


)t 


.  A  young  womaji  accidentally  took  a  quantity  of  A,  When 
d  by  Dr.  Maclagan  she  was  lying  in  a  drowsy  torpid  condirioo, 
eyes  sunk,  face  blue^  and,  like  extremities,  cold  and  clammy*  She 
presented  the  most  perfect  resemblance  to  a  case  of  Asiatic  cholera  In 
the  stage  of  collapse.  No  urine  passed,  bowels  not  moved.  Next  d. 
reaction  -,  small  quantity  of  urine  passed,  sp.  gr.  1015,  strongly  add, 
showing  large  amouut  of  albumen  when  heated,  and  copious  deposit  of 
purpurine  on  addition  of  hydrochloric  acid  ;  by  Marsh's  test  yielded 
abundant  arsenical  crust.  On  4th  d.  passed  36  oz.  of  urincj  less 
albuminous.  On  8th  d.,  extensive  bronchitis;  pulse  120;  urine 
copious,  but  not  kept  for  examination.  9th  d.,  bronchitis  less  ;  urine 
abundant,  sp.  gr.  1019,  much  blood,*  coagulating  copiously  by  heaL 
1 2th  d*,  sp.  gr.  1020  ;  haematuria  seems  to  have  ceased,  no  blood-cor- 
puscles visible  under  microscope, but  there  is  still  full  coagulation  by  heat; 
pain  in  loins  increased  by  pressure.  13th  d.,  incontinence  of  urine ; 
severe  pain  in  thighs  and  legs,  numbness  of  both  feet,  inability  to  use 
them  ;  bowels  constipated.  3  d.  later  incontinence  had  ceased,  but 
she  complained  of  strangury  ;  no  urine  was  passed  for  a  d.,  and  on 
20th  d.  from  taking  poison  she  died  comatose.  Kidneys  were  found 
healthy,     {EMn,  Ahnthly  Jaurn.  of  Sc.^  xiv,  124.) 

7.  Woman,  «t*  23,  took  part  of  tablespoonful  of  A.  on  m.  of 
Feb,  nth.  In  2  h.  became  sick,  and  continued  to  be  so  at  intervals 
for  some  hours.  At  3  p.m.  was  found  lying  almost  lifeless  ;  extremities 
cold  J  pulse  scarcely  perceptible  at  wrist ;  eyes  bright  and  glisten- 
ing ;  cornea  much  injected.  Intense  headache,  increased  by  light 
and  noise;  quite  unable  to  raise  herself  without  assistance;  tongue 
dry  and  morbidly  red,  papilla  at  tip  considerably  raised  ;  lips  dry  and 
covered  with  herpes  ^  mucous  membrane  of  mouth  slightly  abraded  ; 
face  pallid  and  anxious ;  great  pain  in  epigastric  region  in  paroxysms, 
accompanied  by  general  tremor.  A  zinc  emetic  produced  vomiting 
of  blood.  8  p.m.,  frequent  severe  rigors,  pain  in  epigastrium  on 
pressure  ;  annoying  sense  of  contraction  in  oesophagus*  12th,  8  a.m., 
intense  pain  about  scrobiculus  cordis,  extending  up  oesophagus  ;  great 
dysphagia  even  of  fluids  ;  breathing  hurried  ;  face  flushed  and  anxious  j 
constajitly  asking  for  cold  water ;  tongue  dry  and  parched,  with  papillae 
much  raised;  pulse  no,  very  small;  skin  dry  and  harsh,  emitting 
pungent  odour ;  violent  throbbing  headache. f  Abundant  dark  faeces 
had  passed  during  n.,  after  castor-oil.  Leeches  were  applied  to  epi^is- 
trium,  and  pain  subsided  ;  returning  next  d.  very  severely,  and  in 
paroxysms.  Urine,  which  had  been  absent  at  first,  then  scanty  and 
high  coloured,  was  on  15th  highly  charged  with  lithic  acid.  By  18th 
convalescent.     {Lanat^  ^851,  i,  552,) 

8*  a,  A  whole  family  was  poisoned  by  drinking  water  from  a  well, 
into  which  had  percolated  a  solution  of  A.  thrown  down  a  drain  from 
neighbouring  colour  factory,     Mr.  Bickersteth  found  mother  in  a 


*  Dr.  Imbtrt-Gourbcyre  ^atcs  that  in  all  the  literature  of  arsenical  poisoning  he 
can  only  find  three  cases  (not  including  the  above)  where  hxniaturii  wai  ob&exved. 
In  poisoning  by  arseniu retted  hydrogen  it  is  almost  constant. — ►Eds. 

f  Comp.  B£RRiDC£,  Nos,  39,  48  (sister)  5  in  both  with  hyperaimiii  and  fcrer  as 
here. 


i 


4 


ARSENICUM.  425 

dying  state,  unconscious,  surface  cold,  arms  in  continued  motion  about 
her  head  ;  she  died  in  a  few  h.  Youngest  son  had  died  a  week  before, 
from  "hydrocephalus,"  but  this  preceded — as  also  with  mother — by 
bilious  vomiting  and  great  thirst.  Latter  symptoms  appeared  2  a* 
later  in  eldest  son  and  daughter  ;  pulse  very  quick  in  both.  Drinking 
from  well  was  now  stopped,  and  eldest  son,  who  was  little  at  home, 
soon  recovered. 

h.  On  19th,  both  daughters  and  another  son  were  suffering.  Girl 
previously  ill  had  no  more  vomiting,  but  was  very  restless,  with  numb- 
ness of  lower  extremities,  indisposition  to  answer  questions,*arms  in 
continual  motion  above  head^  as  if  grasping  at  something  ;  skin  hot  but 
not  dry  ;  tongue  dry  and  brown ;  great  thirst ;  throat  seemed  dry ; 
breathing  quick  and  audible  ;  pulse  125 — 130,  not  hard)  heart  acted 
forcibly.  Others  had  similar  symptoms.  On  20th,  all  were  much 
worse  ;  breathing  and  pulse  very  rapid  ;  tongue  and  lips  dry,  cracked, 
and  covered  with  blood  and  sordes.  Eldest  girl  unconscious,  throwing 
limbs  and  body  about ;  in  other  two  consciousness  fast  departing.  On 
2 1st  boy  died  at  4  p.m.,  peculiar  movement  of  arms  continuing  till  death. 
During  next  24  h.  girls  died. 

c.  Body  of  boy  examined  24  h.  after  death.  Lungs  were  full  of 
bloody  serum  ;  bronchi  injected  and  covered  with  red  mucus  ;^  trachea 
and  epiglottis  presented  marks  of  inflammation.  Blood  dark  and 
fluid  in  body  generally,  but  there  were  coagula  in  heart.  Liver 
slightly  enlarged,  exteriorly  showed  many  yellowish-green  patches, 
internally  of  uniform  slate  or  ash  colour.  Some  redness  in  patches  of 
mucous  membrane  of  stomach,  duodenum,  jejunum,  colon,  and  rectum  ; 
that  of  ileum  and  caecum  discoloured  throughout,  and  solitary  glands 
of  former  unusually  large  and  numerous.  Veins  and  sinuses  of  brain 
congested,  and  a  little  serous  effusion  at  base  and  in  ventricles.  (Edin. 
Med.  and  Surg,  Journey  Ixvi,  43.) 

9.  a.  Man,  set.  28,  after  partaking  of  a  dish  in  which  A.  had  been 
mixed  instead  of  flour,  was  seized  with  vomiting,  which  lasted  3  d. 
There  was  little  else  on  ist  d.,  Jan.  28th,  but  on  29th  head  felt  heavy  ; 
skin  was  hot,  but  not  dry ;  pulse  quicker  ^  tongue  dry,  without  redness ; 
slight  sensibility  of  epigastric  and  1.  iliac  regions ;  no  stool.  After  a 
remission  on  30th  symptoms  returned,  and  expression  was  dull.  On 
2nd  Feb.  eyes  fixed  \  stupor,  slight  delirium  \  he  tries  to  remove  cold 
cloths  applied  to  head  ;  eyes  injected  ^  pulse  88  ;  tumultuous  beating  of 
heart.  3rd. — Restless  n. ;  slight  delirium  \  dull  look  ;  confused,  but 
able  to  answer  questions  ;  no  headache  ^  heart  and  pulse  as  yesterday, 
latter  jerky,  full,  and  strong  5  skin  hot  and  dry  j  tongue  dry.  A  pus- 
tular eruption  (in  its  appearance  and  course  analogous  to  smallpox)  has 
appeared  on  face,  upper  arms,  and  chest ;  some  isolated,  most  confluent  \ 
they  formed  thick  scabs,  and  left  very  evident  cicatrices.  Almost  com- 
plete loss  of  motion  of  limbs,  especially  of  1.  side;  sensibility  a  little 
dull.     Being  bled,  blood  showed  buffy  coat. 

b.  From  4th  to  6th  more  restless  nights;    delirium,  with  great 
agitation,  especially  durins  n.  ;  pupils  dilated,  though  room  was  dark  ; 
action  of  heart  more  tumultuous,  strong  pulsations,  with  distinct  bellows- 
*  So  alao  iA  Bbrridgb,  Nos.  S4, 87, 103,  219  (4,  8, 9). 


JX) 


ARSENICUM. 

murmur ;  pulse  no,  full  and  jerking  j  copious  sweats,  which  concinued 

till  end  of  month.  On  yth^  delirium  was  replaced  by  stupor ;  other 
symptoms  same;  murmur  did  not  disappear  till  12th — iSthy  during 
which  time  stupor  diminished,  but  great  prostration  set  in. 

r.  From  15  th — 20th,  stupor  became  greater  again  ;  his  appearaisce 
resembles  that  of  a  typhus  patient  ,*  dull  look ;  noise  in  cars  ;  no 
headache  V  flushing  of  cheeks;  slight  ophthalmia  ^  decubitus  dorsal; 
relaxation  of  limbs  ;  clammy  skin  ;  great  emaciation  ;  pulsatians  of 
heart  readily  felt  over  cardiac  region,  but  not  beyond  ;  dulness  hat 
slightly  Increased  ;  sounds  normal,  but  loud  and  sharp  ;  pulse  loo  ;  00 
tenderness  of  abdomen,  which  is  much  retracted;  no  diarrhoea  5  incon* 
tinence  of  urine,  which  continued  till  March  10th. 

d.  From  this  point  gradual  improvement,  but  he  was  unable  to  tise 
fingers  and  toes,  and  hand  was  always  flexed.  Motion  in  hands  lod 
feet  continued  for  a  long  time  imperfect,  and  he  experienced  acute  Ian* 
cinating  pains  like  needle-stitches  in  them.  A  year  later  he  was  still 
unable  to  flex  or  extend  the  toes.     (Orfila,  op.  dt,^  i,  329.) 

10.  Intermittence  is  a  very  important  point  in  the  history  of  the 
morbid  phenomena  of  arsenical  poisoning  ;  there  are  cases  in  which  wr 
observe,  in  the  course  of  the  disease,  periods  of  aggravation  more  or  less 
marked.  Thus,  for  instance,  after  a  dose  of  poison,  there  will  occur 
nausea,  vomiting,  colic,  &c. ;  then  for  2,  3,  4,  or  5  d,  the  patient  wiU 
seem  to  get  better  ;  he  can  take  a  little  food  ;  in  a  word,  he  seems  to  be 
getting  convalescent,  when  the  same  symptoms  recur  with  the  same 
intensity,  and  often  a  second  time  with  more  intensity,  and  again  a 
third  time.  (Devergie,  Med.  legale^  suh  voce.  Similar  testimony  to 
the  remittent  and  even  intermittent  character  of  arsenical  symptoms  is 
given  by  A.  T.  Thomson,  Christison,  Taylor,  Maclagan,  aiid  others. 
See  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  Brit,  Journ,  of  Horn, ^  xxiv,  77.) 

11,  I  have  noticed  the  occurrence  of  quotidian  ague,  which  I  was 
obliged  to  treat  with  quinine,  in  one  of  my  patients  who  had  taken  gr, 
^^ths  of  arscnious  acid  in  12  d.  for  ichthyosis*  Was  this  a  simple 
coincidence  ?  I  know  not ;  all  I  know  '\^  that  with  the  exception  of 
the  cutaneous  affection  the  patient  enjoyed  the  best  of  health,  and  that 
his  intermittent  fever  showed  itself  at  a  time  when  there  was  no  such 
malady  present  in  the  city.  (BoUDlN,  Fikvres  IntermitUnt€$y  184 2* 
Similar  occurrences  are  reported  by  Delaharpe,  Schmidts  yahrt*^ 
Ixxiv,  303,  and  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  loc.  cit.,  p.  81.     See  also  ii,  80.) 

12*  a.  The  wife  of  Dr.  Buchmann,  aet.  28,  of  nervous  constitution, 
id  experienced  by  several  provings  in  observation  of  medicinal 
symptoms,  on  14th  Aug.,  1858,  at  6.30  p.m.,  drank  by  mistake  a  glass 
uf  fly-poison,  which  contained  about  gr,  ^  of  A.  dissolved  in  water. 
In  10  m.,  anxiety  and  perspiration  j  oppression,  as  if  chest  were  bound 
with  hoop  i  burning  glow  over  whole  body  ^  shortness  of  breath, 
especially  on  walking,  even  to  sense  of  suffocation  j  strong  palpitation  ; 
trembling  of  legs  -,  great  weakness  j  stupefaction  and  vertigo.  At  7, 
cannot  walk  for  weakness  ;  nausea,  and  vomiting  of  water  ;  cramp  in 
jaws,  can  scarcely  separate  teeth  j  face  distorted  by  spasms,  feature 
twisted,  sunken,  expression  of  anguish  j  burning  in  chest,  especially  at 
*  Compare;  BiaftiDCE,  No.  219  (S,  9}. 


4 


ARSENICUM.  427 

pit  of  stomach  ;  sense  of  faintness,  with  ringing  in  ears  ;  sensation  of 
dryness,  soreness,  scraping,  and  burning  in  throat ;  circumscribed 
burning  of  scalp  on  vertex  ;  contractive  pain  over  eyes  and  in  temples ; 
distension  of  temporal  veins.  Total  prostration,  so  that  she  can  only 
speak  with  great  effort.  7.15,  desires  to  go  to  bed,  but  sinks  down 
with  deadly  anguish  on  attempting  to  assume  erect  posture  j  skin  of 
face  icy  cold,  hands  and  feet  of  burning  glow  internally.  Forcible 
vomiting,  as  if  all  inside  were  torn  loose  j  thereafter  complete  prostration, 
pulse  weak,  small,  frequent,  strong  twitch ings  of  whole  body,  she  can 
only  take  breath  with  difficulty.  After  each  attack  of  vomiting  she 
sleeps  till  next ;  sleeps  with  half-closed  eyes,  short  breathing  with 
effort,  incomprehensible  murmuring  and  loud  speaking,  tossing  from 
side  to  side,  and  endeavouring  to  throw  off  bedclothes.  On  awaking 
springs  out  of  bed,  with  staring  eyes,  tears  clothes  off  her,  declares  she 
is  on  fire  internally,  and  forebodes  imminent  death.  After  some  10  m. 
of  this  terrible  mortal  anxiety,  severe  vomiting  of  bitter-tasting  matter, 
previous  to  which  she  complains  of  being  icy  cold  all  over,  suceeeded 
by  glowing  burning  of  whole  surface  (which  always  feels  cold  to  touch), 
and  feeling  as  if  blood  ran  boiling-hot  through  veins ;  has  frequent 
shuddering  and  shaking  of  head.  Can  only  open  her  mouth  a  little  to 
drink,  and  bites  rim  of  glass.  9,  symptoms  still  unchanged  ;  also 
burning  in  eyes  ;  eyelids  frequently  drawn  together  spasmodically,  so 
that  she  can  only  open  them  with  difficulty ;  bruised  pain  and  creeping 
in  all  limbs,  worst  from  knees  downwards  j  and  cramps  in  calves,  with 
sense  of  constriction  in  bowels,  ii.o,  vomiting  every  20  m. ;  anguish 
still  more  intense ;  recurring  severe  pain  over  loins,  with  stiffness  of  nape  j 
tonic  cramps  in  fingers ;  a  fit  of  dyspncea  every  ^  h.,  lasting  5 — 10 
m.,  occurs  also  during  sleep.  If  not  awakened  by  pain,  lies  insensible, 
replies  not  to  questions,  and  is  hardly  roused  even  by  shaking.  12.0, 
as  yet  no  relaxation  of  symptoms.  Feels  as  if  she  lies  under  burden  of 
a  heavy  body.  i  a.m.,  urgent  desire  to  urinate,  with  burning  in 
urethra  and  desire  for  stool  j  pappy-like  evacuations  (3  in  h.)  with  much 
urine  ;  burning  in  rectum.     She  cannot  plainly  perceive  anything. 

h,  15th. — Symptoms  gradually  became  slighter  during  n,  j  vomiting 
every  ^  h.  till  5  ;  in  intervals  slept  with  frequent  startings  j  easy  sleep 
from  5  to  6,  This  m,  great  debility  j  sensation  of  burning  and 
constriction  in  abdomen,  especially  on  stretching  out  legs  ^  attacks  of 
nausea ;  tingling  in  legs  ;  on  walking  knees  give  way  ^  pain  in  legs  to 
touch  ;  voice  rough  and  hoarse  ;  soreness  in  throat  and  at  pit  of 
stomach  in  speaking,  breathing,  and  motion  ;  continual  desire  for  stool ; 
heat  and  redness  in  face  ;  pain  of  face  and  of  scalp  to  touch  ;  con- 
junctivae much  injected,  with  burning  in  eyes,  which  arc  without  lustre  j 
photophobia  3  eyes  pain  on  movement  or  steadfast  gazing ;  whites 
tinged  yellowish  3  occasional  humming  invars  ;  constant  thirst,  as  from 
heat  ascending  from  stomach  ^  heaviness  in  head,  with  stupefaction  and 
pains  in  temples  ;  taste  sourish  j  frequent  shuddering ;  pain  in  teeth  of 
upper  jaw  on  mastication  ;  she  could  eat  something,  but  feared  she  could 
not  swallow.  9.0.,  feels  again  more  unwell  than  on  awaking,  and  more 
pain  and  burning  in  stomach  and  whole  abdomen,  which  is  painful  on 
pressure.     12.0,,  periodically  great  anguish,  pain  in  bowels  and  tearing 


ARSENICUM, 


in  limbs  y  after  a  spoonful  of  beef  tea,  great  aching  at  stomach, 
been  up  \  h.,  but  cannot  walk  without  assistance,  7  p,m,  Towa 
1  p.m,  great  desire  for  stool,  which  drove  her  out  of  bed  ;  was  fiiim, 
and  had  to  be  lifted  back  9  thereupon  severe  pain  in  abdomen  ;  bumiDg 
in  stomach  and  frightful  anguish  ;  oppression  at  chest  ;  throat  fcJt 
constricted,  as  if  she  would  suffocate  -,  cannot  open  her  mouth  ;  nausea 
and  sour  vomiting,  with  shuddering.  She  thinks  she  must  die  ;  her 
face  is  swollen^  dark-red,  and  hot  ;  pulse  full^  hard,  quickened  ;  beat 
felt  all  over  body  ;  burning  in  eyes  and  soles  of  feet  ;  throbbing  in 
head  and  face,  as  from  maturing  abscesses  ;  inclination  to  eat,  but 
everything  is  disgusting.  Finally,  vertigo,  twitchings  in  extremities, 
stupefaction,  fainting,  loss  of  consciousness,  from  which  she  is  roused 
by  the  pains  and  mortal  anguish.  This  condition  has  lasted  from 
I  p.m.  till  now,  when  the  symptoms  are  gradually  declining  ;  and  she 
complains  only  of  stupefied  feeling,  and  a  slight  burning  at  stomach  ; 
feels  very  weak,  but  in  better  spirits. 

c,  1 6th. — Sleep  disturbed  at  times  by  anxious  dreams^  which  awoke 
her.  On  waking,  heat  in  head  and  pain  in  bowels  ;  appetite  poor ; 
slight  thirst  j  tongue  coated  with  a  thin  white  fur*  She  does  not  feel 
so  well  as  on  e.  previous.  Sensation  as  if  there  were  an  abscess 
under  each  eye  j  sticking  and  burning  in  eyes  ;  margins  of  lids  very 
red  ;  photophobia ;  cramps  of  eyelids  ;  in  n.  sour  taste,  now  natural ; 
pain  of  head,  as  if  brain  were  pressed  down  by  a  hundredweights 
pimples  on  forehead  and  chest.  5  p.m.,  has  felt  very  weak  all  d, ; 
symptoms  of  head  and  eyes  have  lessened  ;  scalp  painful  to  touch,  and 
hair  in  places  matted,  in  places  coming  out  on  combing  ;  face  red, 
puffed  ;  from  time  to  time  during  d.  rapid  flushes  of  heat  in  facCi  with 
anxiety  ;  lips  swollen,  cracked  ;  pain  in  throat  on  swallowing ;  yawn- 
ing and  empty  eructations  ;  frequent  nausea  i  disgust  for  all  food,  with 
transient  desire  for  this  or  that  ;  soreness  in  bowels  ;  desire  for  stool, 
without  effect  j  urine  passed  only  once,  scanty,  dark  yellow  j  nose 
stuffed  as  by  catarrh  ;  soreness  in  larynx  j  cough  on  deep  inspiration 
and  on  movement  j  drawing  from  sacrum  up  to  nucha,  necessitating 
bending  backwards  ;  stiffness  of  extremities  ;  pain  in  soles  on  walking  j 
on  movement  sensation  as  if  whole  skin  were  harsh,  and  would  crack  i 
cannot  go  to  sleep,  though  she  feels  weary ;  cannot  endure  the  least 
noise  ;  cannot  thinklongof  anything  without  fearing  to  lose  her  senses  ; 
cannot  lose  the  thought  of  dying, 

d.  17th, — Uneasy  sleep,  troublesome  dreams  (of  tetanus  and  death) 
alternating  with  anxiety  ;  on  waking  knew  not  where  she  was  j  heavy 
weight  in  head  and  eyes ;  trembling  of  whole  body  ;*  faintness  j  dis- 
gust at  food.  From  3  p.m.,  every  5  m.  attack  of  short,  dry  cough  i 
thick  yellow  expectoration  every  h.  ;  feverish  heat;  thirst;  dull  pain 
in  1.  temple  ;  4  times  in  afternoon  thin  evacuations.  i8th. — Through 
ji.  uneasy  and  anxious  ;  feverish  ;  sleepless  till  3  a.m.  ;  before  falling 
asleep  rigor  for  5  m.,  recurring  on  awaking  at  6,  and  followed  then  by 
thirst,  hoarseness,  and  pain  in  chest.  At  9  voice,  which  had  been  quite 
lost,  gradually  returned,  and  at  10  she  spoke  as  usual,  but  still  with 

*  In  VArt  MiScai^  1,  149^  Dr.  iMUERT-GouRBfirRE  cites  a  number  of  cases  Of 

*  tremor  arsenicalis.**    Sec  also  ii. 


I 


ARSENICUM.  429 

some  pain  in  larynx.  This  m.  voided  with  great  straining  ^'j  dark 
yellow  urine, — first  time  for  24  h.  19th. — N.  uneasy  from  cough, 
attacks  of  flying  heat  and  anxiety  up  to  1.30  a.m.  ;  then  urinated 
as  before,  after  which  quiet  sleep  till  6  a.m.  On  waking  face  puffed, 
lips  swollen,  two  large  vesicles  on  upper  and  under  lip  respectively  ; 
sensation  as  if  eruption  would  break  out  on  face ;  cough  weaker,  less 
frequent ;  weariness.  Twice  in  afternoon  pappy  stools.  In  e.,  some 
appetite  ;  larynx  on  speaking  still  painful  ;  cough  looser  ;  abdomen 
sensitive  to  pressure.  20th. — Menses  (due  on  15th)  have  appeared; 
clear  pale  red.  Upper  vesicle  filled  with  lymph,  under  one  with  pus  ; 
stifliiess  in  legs,  she  cannot  stretch  them  out  for  pain.  21st. — Upper 
vesicle  purulent,  under  one  dried  up ;  hair  still  matted.  About  xo 
a.m.  set  in  stiff  neck,  with  tearing  pain  in  head,  face,  eye,  teeth,  neck 
and  pectoralis  region  of  1.  side,  aggravated  by  slightest  movement ;  head 
drawn  spasmodically  to  1.  Pain  increased  towards  e.,  and  lasted  all  n., 
declining  towards  m.  ;  in  afternoon,  flying  heat  and  thirst,  sudden  cold 
sweat ;  in  e.  chill  for  2  h.,  then  sweat  without  heat.  Was  obliged  to 
sit  all  n,  with  head  erect.  22nd. — Pains  have  left  sensation  as  if  1.  halt 
of  body  were  contracted  ;  stiffness  and  heaviness  of  lower  extremities. 
Catamenia  have  ceased,  lasting  2  d.  instead  of  6,  scanty  and  pale.  At 
3  p.m.,  headache  and  faceache  began  again,  going  off  gradually  about 
1 1  J  after  it  very  cold  in  hands  and  face.^  23rd. — Pustule  on  face, 
and  circular  burning  tetter  behind  r.  ear.  Return  of  l.-sided  neuralgia 
at  same  h. — pains  increased  by  touching  sound  half  of  face  ;  tonic 
cramp  in  lower  jaw  and  throat ;  loose  feeling  of  teeth  ;  flow  of  saliva. 
24th. — Sleepless  till  3.30  a.m.  on  account  of  continued  pain  ;  with  it, 
coldness  of  whole  body,  pain  in  r.  abdomen,  vibration  in  brain  as  if  it 
moved  to  and  fro,  crampy  feeling  in  1.  shoulder,  cannot  move  1.  arm. 
Pains  have  not  yielded  this  m. ;  feels  weaker  than  yesterday.  For  ^  h. 
burning^and  tearing  in  spot  behind  ear,  during  which  time  prosopalgia 
went  off.  Hair  of  1.  head  falling  out ;  it  is  matted  now  only  on  this 
side  I  at  noon,  sudden  flow  of  dark  blood  from  vagina  ;  pinching  in  r. 
hypochondrium,  constraining  her  to  bend  forward  ;  stiffness  of  neck, 
pain  in  back ;  cold  feeling  over  whole  body,  most  on  1.  side,  also 
internally,  especially  in  stomach  ;  bad  smell  from  mouth,  anorexia. 
25th. — Sleepless  again  till  3.30  a.m.  from  the  neuralgia  ;  she  ran  about 
room,  moaned  and  screamed,  rolled  herself  on  floor,  and  craved  for 
sedatives  ;  with  it  perspiration  of  sour  odour.  This  m.  head,  neck 
and  1.  shoulder  feel  as  if  paralysed  ;  she  does  not  like  to  move  or  speak. 
Still  some  pain,  especially  in  1.  eye  ;  cervical  vertebrae  pain  on  pressure. 
Pain  ceased  at  5  p.m.,  but  recurred  at  i  a.m.  for  some  hours,  and  thence 
every  n.  till  Sept.  5th.  By  day  she  was  anxious  and  solicitous.  Great 
emaciation  had  occurred.     {Horn.  Vierteljahrschr,^  x,  119.) 

13.  A  mother,  when  first  seen,  was  sensible,  and  confessed  to 
having  given  her  children  arsenic,  and  taken  it  herself  She  was 
vomiting  violently,  and  complained  of  a  burning  sensation  at  the  pit  of 
the  stomach  ;  there  was  constant  tenesmus,  with   passage  of  mucous 

*  The  reporter,  writing  as  on  morning  of  23rd,  adds:  "At  4  o'clock  heat  and 
sweat,  without  decrease  of  pain,  till  6.''  It  does  not  appear  to  what  period  these 
notes  of  time  refer. — Eds. 


atl 


ARSENICUM. 

stools  i  pulse  small  and  rapid  ;  violent  delinum  soon  followed, ' 
tetanic  convulsions,  requiring  the  utmost  exertions  of  four  persoQ$  to 
hold  her  in  bed  ;  conjunctiva  became  intensely  injected  ;  pupils,  from 
being  minutely  contracted,  became  exceedingly  dilated  ;  eyeballs  fixed 
upwards  ;  mouth  drawn  in  all  directions.  This  state  continued  for 
some  m.^when  calmness  and  repose  followed,  during  which  she  expired^ 
not  more  than  3^  h.  after  having  taken  the  poison.  The  autop&y 
preseivted  no  points  of  interest,     (Taylor,  cp^  cit.^  p.  32 1.) 

14.  A  girl  swallowed  5J  of  A.,  and  was  in  consequence  attacked 
violently  with  usual  symptoms  of  irritation  in  whole  alimentary  caoal. 
After  being  ill  for  24  h.,  she  experienced  several  distinct  remissions, 
and  some  repose,  attended  with  fainting.  In  12  h,  more,  she  began  to 
improve  rapidly,  pain  subsided,  strength  and  spirits  returned,  and 
stomach  became  capable  of  retaining  liquids.  Towards  close  of  and  d^ 
however,  she  was  harassed  with  frightful  dreams,  starting  from  sleep, 
and  tendency  to  faint  ;  next  m,,  with  coldness  along  spine,  giddiness, 
and  intolerance  of  light ;  and  on  4th  d.  with  jerking  of  extremities  and 
tingling  of  whole  skin.  These  symptoms  continued  till  close  of  6th  d*, 
when  she  was  suddenly  seized  with  convulsions  of  1,  side,  foaming  it 
mouth,  and  total  insensibility.  Convulsions  endured  2  h.,  insensibility 
during  whole  n.  Next  e.,  another  and  similar  fit  \  a  third  but  slightcf 
fit  on  m.  of  loth  d, ;  another  next  day  at  noon  \  and  they  continued 
to  recur  occasionally  till  19th  d.*  For  some  time  longer  she  was 
affected  with  tightness  across  chest   and  stomach   complaints  j  but  she 

as  eventually  restored  to  perfect  health*     (Roget,  Med*- Chin  Tram.^ 

15.  a.  In  beginning  of  May,  Mrs.  Wooler  was  attacked  with  pain 
and  vomiting  soon  after  dinner.  On  8th  she  had  sickly  look  ;  smal] 
frequent  pulse  j  flatulence  \  frequent  slight  hacking  cough,  without 
expectoration  ;  occasional  discharge  of  mucus  from  bowels,  with 
tenesmus  and  griping,  of  some  d*  standing  ;  redness  of  eyelids  and 
lining  membrane  of  nostrils  ;  loss  of  appetite,  and  great  failure  of 
strength.  In  3  or  4  d.  more  there  was  anxiety,  restlessness  at  n.,  and 
greater  weakness  ;  increased  gnping,  tenesmus,  and  mucous  dischargCt 
now  also  streaked  with  blood  ;  dryness  or  tightness  in  throat,  with 
hoarseness ;  and  vomiting,  which  had  ceased,  began  again.  Same 
symptoms  continued  with  little  change,  save  a  progressive  exacerbation, 
till  28th,  when  mouth  was  found  sore,t  and  throat  so  uneasy  as  to 
prevent  swallowing.  Two  d.  later  stools,  previously  bilious,  assumed 
a  fatty  appearance  owing  to  presence  of  pus,  as  proved  by  microscopic 
examination.  Vomiting  (only  after  food  or  medicine)  and  purging 
worse  than  even  Tongue  red  and  fiery;  mouth  and  lips  excoriated  ^ 
anxiety  and  restlessness  very  great.  June  4th  showed  further  aggrava- 
tion, and  stethoscope  reveaJed  infiltration  of  both  apices*  Tuberculosis 
of  chest  and  abdomen  was  suspected.  On  8th,  besides  above  symptoms, 
conjunctiva?  were  much  injected,  and  anus  sore.     Blood-discs  as  well 

pus-corpuscIcs  were  found  in  stools*     On    loth,  unne,  which   was 

*  For  similar  fits,  see  fiERKiDGe,  Nos.  111,188  (5),  119  {17%  217;  and  Imbcrt* 
yOUBEYRE,  L^Art  MeScaly  I,  455. 

t  Comp«BgRK^iOG£,  Nos.  41^  51,  319. 


I 

i 


ARSENICUM.  431 

scanty,  high  coloured,  and  high  in  density,  was  found  to  be  albuminous, 
and  to  deposit  blood-discs*  and  casts.  On  13th,  face  and  arms 
presented  an  eruption  which  put  on  the  characters  of  eczema.  Symptoms 
otherwise  continued  much  the  same  ;  and,  as  from  the  first,  they 
presented  a  paroxysmal  tendency  in  point  of  severity.  On  23rd,  still 
worse  ;  restlessness  and  weakness  extreme  ;  pulse  feeble  and  inter- 
mitting ;  edge  of  tongue  ulcerated,  and  palate  covered  with  papules  or 
pustules ;  hands  cold  and  moist ;  vomiting  severe  ;  diarrhoea  less  so. 
To-day  she  first  complained  of  a  sense  of  stiffness,  numbness,  and 
tingling,!  which  she  had  felt  in  arms  for  2  or  3  d,  before.  On  26th, 
all  symptoms  were  worse,  especially  the  vomiting,  and  the  tingling  and 
numbness  of  hands.  Pulse  144 — 150,  and  very  small  and  weak.  In 
subsequent  n.  she  was  seized  with  paroxysms  of  tetanic  spasm,  gradually 
increasing  in  severity  and  duration,  and  at  length  becoming  almost 
incessant.  She  died  next  m.,  in  full  possession  of  her  mental  faculties. 
b,  P.M.  next  d. — Slight  tubercular  infiltration  in  apex  of  each  lung, 
and  in  1.  a  small  cavity.  Trachea  and  large  bronchial  tubes  much 
injected  and  red.  Heart  small  and  pale,  otherwise  healthy.  Liver 
slightly  enlarged,  saffron-coloured,  friable,  fatty.  Interior  of  stomach 
slightly  vascular  in  its  greater  curvature  ;  smaller  curvature  presented 
groups  of  small  vessels  gorged  with  blood,  so  numerous  at  its  larger  end 
as  to  make  redness  almost  universal  and  like  a  sheet  of  blood  under 
mucous  coat,  which  was  soft  and  friable.  Duodenum  was  vascular 
internally,  and  full  of  black  matter ;  jejunum  much  in  same  state ; 
ileum  redder  still,  and  throughout  lower  third  denuded  of  its  mucous 
coat  in  many  patches,  varying  in  size  from  a  shilling  to  a  crown,  and 
here  and  there  involving  its  whole  circumference, — at  the  latter  points 
the  peritoneal  coat  was  bare,  thin,  and  very  easily  torn.  Many  mesen- 
teric glands  were  prominent  and  black.  Colon  everywhere  vascular ; 
numerous  small  ulcers  pierced  mucous  coat  in  ascending  and  transverse 
portions;  and  rectum j:  was  similarly  but  less  extensively  affected. 
Pancreas  somewhat  vascular  ;  kidneys  and  spleen  congested. 

Arsenic  was  found  during  life  in  urine,  and  after  death  in  various 
viscera.     {Ed.  Med.  Journ.^  1856,1,  625,  707.) 

16.  W,  Grinley,  act.  16,  took  liq.  pot.  ars.  for  7  weeks  in  doses  of 
of  iT\.iij  ter  die  for  a  scaly  eruption  on  arms  and  legs.  The  eruption 
had  improved  when  seen  (April  ist,  1848),  but  he  at  present  suffers 
from  the  effect  of  the  remedy.  He  complains  of  great  weakness  and 
partial  paralysis  of  upper  and  lower  extremities,  with  burning  pain  in 
feet ;  conjunctiva  is  slightly  inflamed ;  eyes  are  suffused  with  tears  ; 
slight  pain  in  epigastric  region  ;  bowels  regular ;  tongue  tolerably 
clean  ;  urine  not  very  plentiful,  and  covered  with  a  pellicle.  No  pain 
or  tenderness  in  spine.  Complains  of  want  of  sleep  at  n.  Took 
sesquiox.  of  iron  and  Dover's  powder  at  n.  On  lath,  complained  of 
more  pain  in  feet,  and  there  was  spasmodic  action  of  muscles  of  extre- 

*  Comp.  ii,  6. 


j*  Comp.  Berridge,  Nos.  52,  93,  188  (6). 


'  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the  rectum  is  sometimes  much  inflamed,  though  the 
colon,  and  more  particularly  the  small  intestines,  are  not  **  (Christison,  who  cites 
3  cases  in  point). 


432 


ARSENICUM. 


Mmy  5th. — Less  pam^  lod  sl^t  incrrase  oT  power,  ^th,— 
Both  changes  mare  dcoded.  Tlie  enipcion  has  appeared  in  dilftreM 
puts  of  boav.  lodu — A  vestcul^r  enipdoa  has  oofw  appeared  on  haafl 
aiid  legs,  to  which  sulphur  ointmetit  was  applied*  June  f  st. — Vcam 
cxilar  enipcioA  has  now  disappeared,  but  scaly^  aac  sail  remains  ovh 
considerable  extent*  He  walks  better,  and  has  no  pain  in  hands  M 
feet^  but  hand  remaEOi  sti^  so  that  he  cannot  grasp  axiythmg  fimin 
He  is  generallj  mud  onadated.  He  now  took  iodide  of  potassiuiH 
and  ikiwif  gained  strength*  On  July  4th  it  is  noted  that  oumbne^^  m 
feet  (not  previously  menturaed)  ^^  still  coiitiniies,"  but  chat  other  symm 
pcocns  are  mduallj  disappearing.  (Hastings,  Pm/,  Med^  and  S^rg. 
7««rw.,  18^,  p.  459,) 

1 7.  A  young  woman  took  3  tablespoonfds  of  ars.  about  1 1  p.m. 
VocDJting  was  produced  by  warm  water,  and  tbe  hydrated  peroxide  oft 
iron  given*     She  afterwards  had  some  feirer^   but  gradually    becani 
better.     Eight  d.  after  the  ars.  she  had  severe  pains    in  upper  anfl 
lower  extrecnitics,  which   were   swollen,   but   neither    red    nor  bo» 
Three  d.  after  this  she  almost  entirely  lost  power  over  extremities, 
and  has  since  continued  bedridden.     She  can  move  her  arms  freelv^ 
and  can  close  and  open  her  hands,  but  with  no  force.     Feet  are  stui 
paralysed,  but  she  can  bend  knees.     [B9St,  Med.  and  Surg,   ysum,^ 
iixx\n\y  207.) 

18*  H.  P«  Perkins,  M.D.,  set.  55,  never  before  had  a  day^s  sickn^fl 
to  his   knowledge,  had  even  been  free  from  all   ordinary  disea5e5  1^ 
children,  as  was  the  case  with  all  his  relatives  on  male  side.     He  was, 
however,  at  the  time  treating  himself  for  a  dyspepsia,  with  biliouines^ 
and  some  hepatic   tenderness — produced,  as  he  thought,  by  suddcnljS 
leaving  off  smoking  (which   habit   he  had   indulged    in    to  excess   fofl 
fifteen  or  sixteen   years,  average  about  thirty  cigars  a  day)  some  thred 
weeks  previously.     On  Saturday,  July  24th,  1852,  at  4,45   p.m.,  he 
sent  for  a  small  quantity  of  potass- bitart.,  and  took  the  powder  broughij 
him  in   ice«water  with  sugar  and   a  little  tr*  gent*  co,  on  an  cmptra 
stomach.     In  25   m.  he  was  seized  with  giddiness  and  slight  loss  of^ 
vision,  burning  sensation  in  stomach,  great  coldness  of  surface  of  body 
and  profuse  cold  perspiration,  inclination  to  vomit  and  purge,  without 
ability  to  do  either,  and  very  severe  cramp  in  stomach  and  abdomen. 
Imagining   he   had    an   attack  of  cholera,   he    took   a  large  dose  of 
calomel  (40  gr.)   and  an  aromatic  mixture  without  relief.     In  abotiita 
1 J   h.  he  began  to  vomit,  with  great  difficulty,  and  some  10  m.  aftefl 
to  purge,  and,  when   this  had  continued  15   or  20  m,,  to  vomit  and 
purge  bloody    matter.      Latter  did   not   cease  till    3   a.m,  (on    25ih) 
when    he   became  quiet     At  3.30  thirst  commenced,  for  first  time. 
He  drank  up  all  water,  tea,  &c.,  he  had  by  him,  but  thirst  increased 
and   became  distressing.      This  led  him  to  suspect  he  was  poisoned. 
From   this  time  till  a  little  after  5,  being  unable  to  walk  or  arousQ| 
anyone,   he   lay   in    great  agony    from    thirst,    praying    for  death — afl 
length  he  was  able   to  make  himself  heard   by  a  scrv^ant,  who    brougbfl 
him  a  pint  of  water,  which  he  drank  at  once  and  immediately  threw  Ed 
up*     He  then  sent  for  hydrated   peroxide  of  iron  and  a  physician,  who 
ascertained,  about  8  o'clock,  that  instead  of  potass,  bitart,  he  had  taken 


ARSENICUM.  433 

127  gr.  of  pure  arsenic.  At  12,  he  fell  asleep,  and  slept  15  m.,  but 
seemed  in  great  distress.  His  physician  had  no  hope  of  recovery,  but 
he  himself  thought  that  he  should  eventually  get  perfectly  well.  On 
m.  of  26th,  43  h.  after  taking  the  ars.,  he  was  weighed,  and  was  found 
to  have  lost  in  that  time  42  lb.  From  this  time  he  suffered  severely 
from  cramps,  constipation,  and  gastritis  until  May,  1854,  when  he 
began  to  be  relieved  of  cramps,  and  constipation  and  gastritis  were  much 
improved.  He  now  (in  course  of  about  a  fortnight)  lost  entire  use  of 
feet,  legs,  arms  and  hands  ;  and  severe  neuralgic  pains  set  in  and 
continued  for  2  J  years.  These  were  so  violent  that  he  could  obtain 
relief  only  by  very  large  doses  of  morphine — he  averaged  daily,  for 
18  months  or  more,  36  to  38  gr.  Also,  on  one  occasion,  he  swallowed 
at  once  Jviij  of  laudanum,  without  producing  slightest  narcotism. 

He  is  now  (April,  1857)  entirely  free  from  gastritis,  cramps  and 
constipation.  His  breath  has  a  peculiar,  very  offensive  pungent  odour. 
Feet  are  still  partly  paralysed,  so  that  it  is  difficult  for  him  to  walk  any 
distance,  and  there  is  but  little  sensation  as  yet  belov7  the  instep. 
There  is  some  soreness  on  motion  and  pressure  in  arch  of  r.  foot. 
Neuralgia  nearly  gone  ;   he  hopes  in  a  few  months  to  be  entirely  well. 

b.  Amongst  first  ^symptoms  he  noticed,  after  he  suspected  he  was 
poisoned,  were  crimson  line  on  gums  (which  he  had  remarked  in  other 
cases  of  arsenical  poisoning),  and  injection  of  conjunctiva,  with  symptoms 
of  iritis.  His  mind  was  all  the  time  perfectly  clear,  and  all  his  senses 
rather  morbidly  acute.  For  a  long  time  he  was  troubled  with  bad 
dreams  and  nightmare,  which  would  dwell  on  his  mind  and  annoy  him 
during  d.  Appetite  usually  inclined  to  be  ravenous.  Cramps  appeared 
to  afreet  all  muscles  of  inferior  extremities  at  once,  and  especially  (he 
thought)  plantaris  of  r.  leg.  Neuralgic  pains  were  confined  to  arms 
below  elbows,  and  to  legs  below  hips  j  they  did  not  seem  to  follow 
course  of  main  nervous  trunks.  They  were  never  darting,  but  always 
steadily  increasing  to  climax,  and  then  gradually  decreasing.  Cold  air 
or  water  would  always  bring  them  on — they  were  worst  between 
9.30  p.m.  and  8  a.m.  Paralysis  was  of  both  motion  and  sensation  ^ 
but  he  remained  acutely  sensitive  in  paralysed  parts  to  cold.  (John 
McE.  Wetmore,  M.D.,  North  Amer.  Journ.  of  Horn. ^  vi,  369.) 

19.  C.  Wilson,  act.  41,  was  admitted  December  ist,  1849.  About 
5  months  ago  he  took  some  A.  5  the  primary  effects  were  counteracted 
by  prompt  treatment.  He  felt  perfectly  well  for  7  d.  afterwards  ;  was 
then  attacked  at  n.  with  violent  cramp  in  r.  index,  successively  invading 
other  fingers,  and  lastly  thumb,  then  attacking  other  hand  in  same 
manner^  and  finally  feet,  pains  in  hands  subsiding  as  feet  became 
affected  ;  whole  duration  of  cramp  was  about  30  m.,  after  which  he 
fell  into  sound  sleep,  which  lasted  till  m.  When  he  awoke,  he  felt 
free  from  pain,  but  on  trying  to  rise  found  that  he  had  lost  use  of 
affected  parts,  and  was  perfectly  helpless.  This  paralysis  has  continued 
unchanged  to  present  time,  accompanied  by  a  feeling  of  heat  and 
numbness  which  invaded  upper  extremities  from  tips  of  fingers  to  a 
point  about  3  inches  below  elbow,  and  legs  from  toes  to  a  point  a  little 
below  knee.  He  has  also  had  lancinating  pains  in  these  parts,  regularly 
commencing  about  5  p.m.,  and  continuing  until  midnight.     He  can 

28 


434 


ARSENICUM. 


neither  feed  himself,  nor  stand  alone  when   placed  upon  his  feet.     He] 
has  dryness  of  throat  and  great  thirst.     Under  quinine,  strychnine^  and  ■ 
electricity,  he  slowly  but  pretty  steadily  improved  j  and  on  Jan.  7th  first 
began  to  walk,  with  shuffling,  unsteady  gait  ;  soon  afterwards  could  use 
his  hands  in  feeding  himself.     Urine  still  retained  traces  of  A.      In  July 
he  was  discharged.      He  could  then  walk  quite  well,  grasp  the  hand 
with  some  firmness,  but  could  not  yet  button  his  own   clothing.     He 
had  had  no  pain  for  some  time,  save  on  approach  of  stormy  weather, 
when  peculiar  painful  sensations  are  felt  in  fingers.     {N.  K  y^urn,  9/% 
Med.y  N.S.,  V,  62,  177.     Two  similar  cases  are  mentioned  here.     Se#4 
also  "  Etudes  des  paralysies  arsenicaJes/'  by  Dr.  Imbert-GouRbeyre, 
Ga%.  Med,  de  Pans,  1858.) 

20,  On  Feb,  26th,  1875,  Pauline  PhihpofF  took  by  mistake,  instead 
of  chalk,  some  white  arsenic.  An  h.  after,  vomitings  came  on  which 
lasted  48  h.  4  or  5  d.  later,  she  had  feeling  of  cold  and  numbness  in 
extremities.  Cold  then  reached  fore-arm  and  legs  ;  at  same  time,  great 
weakness  in  hands  and  feet  came  on,  so  much  so  that  on  loth  d.  after 
ingestion  of  poison  she  could  not  walk  without  help,  and  towards 
March  13th  she  had  to  remain  iji  bed.  From  that  date  up  to  mid- 
April  (when  I  first  visited  her)  she  was  unable  to  stand  on  her  lees. 
On  April  19th,  I  made  following  notes  :  Extensor  and  flexor  muscles 
of  extremities  are  highly  atrophied,  atrophy  being  greatest  where  muscles 
are  nearest  to  periphery  ;  so  that  bones,  epiphyses,  and  tendons  of  legs,- 
feet,  arms,  and  hands  are  very  apparent.  However,  muscles  most' 
affected  are  those  of  calves  and  forearms,  also  interosseous,  thenar,  and 
hypothenar  eminences.  Atrophy  is  also  manifest,  though  to  a  less 
degree,  in  muscles  of  thighs  and  arms,  especially  extensors.  What 
strikes  one  at  first  is  contrast  between  look  of  health  and  vigour  of  face 
and  trunk  and  that  of  muscles  of  extremities,  which  are  wasted  and 
atrophied.  When  in  bed,  patient  can  do  nearly  all  movements,  though  1 
she  cannot  seize  small  objects  j  movements,  however,  are  only  slowly 
and  awkwardly  done.  Each  movement  is  followed  by  pain  in  muscles 
employed.  Muscular  power  is  notably  weaker.  Patient  can  shake 
hands,  but  feebly  ;  she  can  only  hold  objects  of  small  size.  Sensitiveness 
of  skin  is  much  lessened,  especially  in  those  portions  of  extremities j 
nearest  periphery  :  thus,  tactile  sensitiveness  of  palms  of  hands,  of  soles  ^ 
of  feet,  and  of  fingers,  has  entirely  disappeared  ;  it  has  considerably 
diminished  on  extensor  sides  of  feet  and  hands,  legs  and  fore-arms  ;  the 
same  is  true  of  lower  half  of  thighs,  superior  half  of  fore-arms  and  lower 
third  of  arms,  though  in  a  less  degree.  Appreciation  of  weight  is  much 
diminished  in  legs  and  fore-arms,  in  hands  and  feet :  a  weight  of  150 
grammes  placed  on  calves,  then  on  fore-arm,  was  not  felt.  She  cannot 
sew,  feel  any  small  object,  or  pick  it  up  with  fingers,  even  when  she 
sees — say  a  match  j  to  put  a  spoon  to  her  mouth,  she  holds  it  in  hollow 
of  closed  hand.  She  does  not  feel  objects  of  same  temperature  as  hcf 
own  body;  hot  water  seems  boiling  to*  her,  lukewarm  water  seems 
freezing  cold  (hyperaesthcsia  as  to  temperature).  Sensitiveness  to  pain 
is  increased  in  the  parts  where  there  is  less  tactile  sensitiveness,  /*.#'. 
on  skin  of  feet,  hands,  and  fingers  ;  slight  prick  on  finger  draws  loud 
cries  from  her,  and    produces  severe  reflex   movements.     Skin  of  ex* 


ARSENICUM.  435 

tremities  is  normal  to  look  at  j  to  touch  it  is  very  cold.  Even  when  in 
a  state  of  complete  rest,  she  feels  in  legs  pains  which  increase  on  motion  ; 
at  n.,  besides  these  pains,  she  has  sensation  of  cold  which  makes  her 
constantly  cover  up  her  legs  with  fur,  though  room  is  well  warmed. 
Organs  of  respiration,  circulation,  and  those  of  abdomen,  as  also  intellect, 
are  normal.  During  illness,  there  was  noticed  no  retention  of  urine  or 
constipation,  and  no  inco-ordination  of  movements.  If  she  cannot 
stand  on  her  legs  or  make  normal  movements,  this  certainly  is  owing 
to  great  weakness  of  atrophied  muscles,  to  muscular  pains,  to  hyper- 
algesia, and  lastly  to  diminished  sensation  as  to  weight.  (Scolosuboff, 
Ann.  d'Hygiine^  1876.) 

21.  A  woman  took  ars.  twice  a  d.,  for  3  months,  to  cause  abortion, 
altogether  about  2  tablespoonfuls.  When  seen  at  end  of  this  time  she 
was  in  bed,  looking  pale  and  haggard,  with  prickling  pains  in  both  legs, 
from  soles  to  about  2  inches  above  knees.  Sensation  was  completely 
lost  in  1.  leg,  and  considerably  in  r.  ;  in  both  there  was  total  loss  of 
motion.  She  said  she  had  been  unable  to  get  about  for  the  last  fort- 
night, and  that  for  some  weeks  previously  she  had  considerable 
difficulty  in  doing  so.  She  had  no  appetite  ;  bowels  irritable  ;  urine 
high  coloured  and  scanty.  She  had  lost  flesh  considerably,  and  seemed 
scarcely  able  to  collect  her  thoughts.  Labour  was  not  hastened  ;  and 
no  effect  seemed  to  have  been  produced  on  the  child.  (Brit,  Med, 
Journ.,  1858,  p.  725.) 

22.  A  young  man  came  to  Dr.  Morell  Mackenzie,  labouring  under 
almost  complete  aphonia.  At  first  this  was  attributed  to  commencing 
laryngeal  phthisis  ;  but  examination  with  laryngoscope  showed  r.  vocal 
cord  performing  its  movement,  while  1.  was  pale,  shrunken,  and 
immobile.  Later,  the  paralytic  condition  became  more  general,  and 
was  discovered  to  be  dependent  on  chronic  arsenical  poisoning.  [Med, 
Ttmes  and  Gaz.^  Jan.  i  ith,  1862.*) 

23.  a.  A  man,  aet.  42,  had  been  affected  with  general  psoriasis 
since  he  was  15.  When  27  he  began  to  use  arsenical  preparations, 
which  he  took  every  year  for  2  or  3  months  consecutively,  and  in 
increasing  doses ;  sometimes  he  repeated  the  course  2  or  3  times  a 
year.  After  each  his  disease  was  ameliorated  ;  the  patches  disappeared, 
but  they  recurred  just  as  certainly  after  a  few  weeks  or  months.  The 
patient  thereupon  was  compelled  to  have  always  recourse  to  ars.,  and 
was  so  insensible  to  its  action  that  he  could  take  5  centigrammes 
daily  for  several  weeks  at  a  time  without  experiencing  any  particularly 
disagreeable  effects.  The  only  svmptoms  felt  were  a  little  ptyalism 
and  some  slight  gastro-intestinal  aerangement.  In  1857  skin  became 
of  a  permanent  dirty^brown  colour,  especially  in  those  parts  usually 
exposed  to  light.  In  1862  this  man  came  to  Dr.  Charcot  complaining 
of  a  symptom  he  had  had  for  three  months  that  plunged  him  into  the 
deepest  melancholy.  His  sexual  functions,  which  had  formerly  been 
very  vigorous,  were  seriously  threatened  ;  erections  had  become  rare  and 
incomi^ete;  coitus  was  almost  impossible.     He  was  advised  to  leave 

*  For  other  cases  of  arsenical  paralysis  see  Berridgb,  Nos.  125,  236,  337,  378, 
529  ;  and  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  tArt  Midical^  1,  88. 


436 


ARSENICUM. 


off  A.  completely  for  a  long  time  ;  and  after  he  had  done  so  for  4  or  S 
months  the  former  sexual  vigour  returned. 

B,  In  a  second    instance   a    man,   «t*    35,   who,   on    account  of 
psoriasis,  took  for  many  years  pills  made  of  A.  and  afterwards  Fowler's 
solution,    was    thereby    rendered    impotent.     On    leaving  off  the  A-! 
the  anaphrodisia  left  him,  but  the  skin  disease  returned  with   increased 
virulence.     A  fresh  employment  of  the  drug  was  again  followed  by 
impotence.     {Gax.  des  Hopitaux^  July  23rd,   1864.     Rayer  is  quoted 
here,  and  Biett  in  Brit.  Journ.  of  Hom,^  xxiii,  81,  as  having  observed 
the  same   thing.     Dr,  Imbert-Gourbeyre  also  states   that  Brockmanj 
treated  a  workman  in  arsenical  mines  who  complained  of  diminution  of  ^ 
sexual  power  since  he  had  followed  his  occupation.    VArt  Med,,  1,  1 76,) 

24.  J,  G — ,  set.  33,  took  ars.  in  tea»     In  about  5  m*  a  peculiar 
tingling  sensation  in  L  arm,  lasting  about  45  m.  i  this  was  followed  by 
nausea,  vomiting,  and  headache,  which  continued  till  next  d.,  when 
much  thirst  was  added,  with  hoarseness,  lachrymation,  and  swelling  of 
eyelids.     On  4th  d.,  having  almost  completely  recovered,  he  took  2 
teaspoonfuls  in  coffee  and  milk.     In  about  30  m*  he  had  headache  and 
nausea,  followed    by  vomiting  of  green   matter  and   ropy  mucus,  con- 
tinuing for  30  h*     There  were  also  cramps,  some  collapse,  constriction 
of  throat,  hoarseness,  and  burning  along  oesophagus,  which  last  sym- 
ptom continued  uniil  6th  d.     2nd  d.,  line  of  excoriation  on  integument 
at  external   angle    of  each   eye,    and    desquamation    of  cuticle — with 
redness—of  lids  ;  eruption  of  pustules  about  angles  of  mouth  j  redness 
of  fauces  with  aphthous  ulceration.     3rd  d.^  cough  with  yellowish-white 
expectoration,  and  bronchitic  rales  in  chest  ;  difficult  micturition,  but 
without  pain  ;  tingling  sensation  in  the  axilla  (for  8  d.) ;  heat  of  skin  ; 
quick  pulse.     5th  d.,  numbness  of  thighs  and  calves.      Iith  d»,  anaes- 
thesia of  fingers,  and  partial  paralysis  of  flexors  of  forearms.     A  similar 
condition  shortly  afterwards  attended  the  lower  extremities,  and  was  j 
accompanied  in  both  by  pain  persisting  for  a  few  d.     In  5  weeks  from! 
commencement  of  illness,  skin  of  entire  body  had  desquamated,  most  J 
remarkably  so  on  hands.*     In  6  weeks  paralysis  of  flexors  of   both! 
extremities  was  unabated,  and  accompanied  with  soreness  on  pressure.  I 
In  2^  months  he  was  still  unable  to  stand  without  support.     During! 
interval   between   8th  and   24th  months  he  gradually  improved,    and! 
finally  quite  recovered.     {Dublin  i^uart^  Journ,  of  Med.  Sl\^  xi,  68.) 

25.  A  man,  aft.  2 J,  took  ^ss  of  A,  on  e.  of  April  26th.  Emcsis 
and  catharsis  continued  during  n.,  and  gastro-enlcric  mflammatlon  set  in 
next  d.     On  e.  of  28th  complained  uf  ^*  much  pain  throughout  system,  1 

freat  and  incessant  itching  of  skin,  some  tenesmus  and  strangury/*! 
mprovement  set  in  on  the  30ih,  and  the  pruritus  is  not  again  notiocdJ 
[Amer,  Journ,  of  Med,  Sciences^  J 836,  xviii,  *53i.  To  these  Dr,J 
Imbert-Gourbeyre,  in  his  V Action  de  P Arsenic  sur  la  peaUy  ParisJ 
1871,  adds  4  more  cases.  See  also  another  in  Brit,  Med,  y9tirn.i 
1873,  i,  88  ;  and  others  here,  ii,  26,  34,  39.)  I 

26.  Catherine  J — ,  ^t.    20,  came    into  Hotel  Dieu    more    froral 
misery  than  from  any  definite  ailment,  complaining  only  of  wcakncsfl 

♦  Comp.  BERRiDGEf  Nou.  93  (P,M.)>  119  (18).  J 


ARSENICUM.  437 

of  legs.  From  September  27th  she  took  daily  3  doses  of  4th  trit.  of 
arseniate  of  iron.  During  the  first  d.  she  had  shootings  in  temples, 
coryza  and  obstruction  of  nose,  lachrymation  with  burning  in  eyes. 
Oct.  2nd,  itching  on  1.  side  of  neck,  with  a  little  redness;  next  d., 
same  on  face.  On  the  5th,  general  pruritus ;  on  limbs  patches  of 
diffused  redness.  On  the  following  days,  vertigo,  troubled  sight,  per- 
sistent itching.  These  accidents  ceased  when  medicine  was  omitted. 
(Imbert-Gourbeyre,  op,  cit,^  where  12  other  observations  of  the 
arsenical  erythema  are  cited.) 

27.  Dr.  Kellie  treated  a  chronic  rheumatism  with  A.  during  3 
months,  with  three  intermissions  of  10  d.  each.  Fowler's  solution 
was  employed,  5 — 10  drs.  a  d.  During  each  course  of  treatment,  on 
3  different  occasions,  there  came  on  swelling  of  face  and  eyelids,  then 
erysipelas*  invading  whole  face  and  ending  in  desquamation  at  end  of 
a  week.  [Edinb.  Med,  Journal^  1808.  Several  similar  observations 
are  recorded  in  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbeyre's  treatise.) 

28.  A  man,  act.  27,  poisoned  himself  with  A.,  and  died  in  8  d. 
On  3rd  d.  there  was  an  eruption  of  phlyctenulae  around  mouth.  On 
4th  d.  an  intense  1.  parotitis.  On  6th  d.,  after  a  very  bad  n.,  there 
appeared  an  urticarious  eruption  over  whole  body,  face  excepted. 
Next  d.  this  had  disappeared.  (Kersten,  Deutsch,  iClin.^  1851,  cited 
by  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  who  adds  5  other  instances  of  the  arsenical 
urticaria,  in  one  assuming  form  of  urt.  tuberosa.) 

29.  Marchand  writes  : — "  Four  times  I  have  seen  supervene,  in 
persons  taking  A.  for  intermittent  fevers,  a  papular  eruption  of  varying 
scat.  The  papules  were  voluminous,  caused  a  little  itching,  and  were 
unaccompanied  by  inflammation.  They  lasted  as  long  as  the  drug 
was  continued  ;  when  it  was  left  off  they  disappeared,  and  the  epidermis 
came  off  in  large  thick  patches."  [Ann,  med,  de  la  Flandre  occid,^ 
1851  and  18545  cited  by  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  who  adds  several  other 
observations.) 

30.  A  man,  act.  35,  much  addicted  to  drinking,  swallowed  about 
5ij  of  A.,  but  immediately  vomited  half  of  it.  Guilbert  found  pulse 
quick,  irregular,  weak,  contracted ;  breathing  heavy,  and  often  inter- 
rupted by  sighing  5  expression  wild  5  eyes  projected  far  out  of  head, 
they  were  bathed  in  tears,  which  excoriated  lids  and  cheeks  ;  facial 
muscles  from  time  to  time  convulsive  5  voice  tremblings  tongue  dry, 
and  lips  covered  with  small  black  spots  \  burning  pain  in  bowels  ;  un- 
quenchable thirst;  belly  very  tense  and  painful;  involuntary  watery 
evacuations,  with  sense  as  if  red-hot  iron  were  in  anus ;  urine  sup- 
pressed ;  foetid  sweat  all  over  body  ;  reason  left  him  from  time  to  time. 
Death  seemed  inevitable ;  when,  after  these  symptoms  had  continued 
5  d.,  on  6th  a  profuse  miliary  eruptionf  came  out  all  over  body,  with 
general  amelioration  ;  it  was  renewed  several  times  in  course  of  a  fort- 
night, and  terminated  at  length  in  branny  scales.  Ulcers  appeared  on 
both  heels,  from  which  an  ichorous  matter  was  discharged  ;  and  patient 
recovered,  but  with  some  weakness,  general  trembling,]:  and  frequent 

*  See  Bbrridgb,  No.  234. 

t  Comp.  Bbrridge,  No.  119  (i)» 

X  See  iiy  iiy  d. 


438 


ARSENICUM. 


attacks  of  ophthalmia.     {Journ,  de   MSd.^   iv,  353,      ^75^-     Inibcrt^ 
Gourbeyre  adds  a  number  of  instances  of  the  arsenical  miliaria.) 

31.  In  Nov.,  1857,  1  was  called  in  consultation  to  a  patient  in 
whom  a  very  small  quantity  of  A,  taken  internally  had  brought  about 
an  irritation  of  the  skin  with  general  eczema.*  The  dose  had  been 
gr.  ^^  repeated  twice  daily  ;  and  not  more  than  40  drops  of  Fowler's 
solution,  L€.  gr.  J,  had  been  taken.  {Taylor,  P^ismSy  2nd  ed*^  sub 
voce.) 

32.  A  robust  man>  set*  67,  took  5  min.  doses  of  liquor  arsenicalis 
for  sciatica.  He  is  now  the  subject  of  herpes  zoster^  which  began  a  few 
d,  ago.  He  says  he  had  very  trifling  pain  before  rash  began  to  come 
out.  It  first  appeared  behind  r.  ear  ;  it  now  covers  r,  side  of  neck,  r. 
shoulder  as  low  down  as  spine  of  scapula,  and  r.  side  of  front  of  chest 
as  low  as  upper  border  of  third  rib.  On  front  of  r.  arm  it  extends  is 
low  as  about  2  inches  below  axilla.  The  vesicles  are  quite  character* 
istically  those  of  herpes  zoster,  with  some  tendency  to  ulcerate  at  parts. 
Looking  at  front  of  chest  inflammation  of  skin  stops  abruptly  at  middle 
line,  but  at  a  distance  from  this,  on  K  side,  there  are  a  few  isolated 
small  patches  of  vesicles  over  precisely  the  same  area  as  is  affected  on 
other  side.  There  are  a  few  isolated  vesicles  on  1,  side  of  neck,  but 
they  are  only  to  be  seen  when  looked  for  frequently.  The  amount  of 
irritation  has  been  much  less  than  usual.  {Mtd,  Times  and  Gax.^  1868, 
ii,  722.  In  this  article,  and  in  another  at  p.  407  of  vol.  i  for  1869, 
Mr.  Hutchinson  calls  attention  to  the  frequency  with  which  shingles 
occur  in  patients  taking  ars.,  and  cites  12  more  cases  in  which  the 
disease  appeared  in  its  typical  form,  with  unsymmetrical  herpes.  In 
voK  ill  of  Practitioner^  p.  70,  Dr.  SissoN  states  and  illustrates  the  same 
fact.  Other  references  for  it  are  Lancet^  1869,  ii,  508  j  1867,  i,  455  \ 
Pract.y  July,  1878  ;  Hunt  on  Dis,  of  Skiny  5th  ed.,  p*  44  ;  St,  Bart. 
Hosp,  Rep,^  1873  i  VJrt  Med.y  Iviii,  432  j  Brit.  Med*  Jmrn,^  itf82  j 
PiFFARD,  Mat,  Med.  and  7 her.  o/SJtln^  p,  3l6.t) 

33.  An  English  nobleman,  set.  60,  of  good  health,  took — while 
wintering  on  the  Nile — for  a  local  irritation  of  the  skin  2  J  gr.  of 
1st  trit.  of  ars.  alb.  m,  and  e.  After  3  weeks  of  this  medication  he 
complained  of  his  tongue  being  so  dry  and  thirst  so  great  that  it  made 
him  quite  ill.  This  increased  j  tongue  became  hot  also,  and  **  as  dry 
as  aparrot^si*'  he  had  chilly  fits,  got  very  pale,  his  face  white  and 
pinched,  his  pulse  weak  and  quick,  and  at  times  very  irregular,  with 
extreme  prostration »  Eyelids  were  swelled  and  puffy,  especially  r. 
Medicine  was  now  stopped,  and  he  got  rapidly  better,  perspiring 
profusely.  Five  weeks  later  he  took  up  his  residence  in  a  villa  at 
Florence,  where  the  rooms  which  he  occupied  were  subsequently  found 
to  have  their  walls  coloured  with  an  arsenical  pigment.  Here  the 
cutaneous  irritation,  which  had  been  better,  returned  more  distressingly 
and  over  a  larger  surface.  He  took  the  medicine  again  j  but  in  about 
a  week  dry  mouth,  chilliness,  and  swelled  eyelids  returned,  and  it  W9M 

♦  See  abo  ii,  t$^  a;  Brit,  Mtd,  Journ.^  1858^  p,  115;  EdtHb,  Med,  Jmrjt,^  i%$$, 
(Bdfour). 

f  For  Himplc  herpe^c  see  BfiaRJDCE,  Nos,  ita»  139,  and  Imbert-Gourqeyre, 


I 


ARSENICUM.  439 

stopped.  A  fortnight  later,  general  pemphigus  set  in,  first  attacking 
feet  and  arms,  then  back,  and  then  suddenly  developing  at  once  into  a 
general  red  and  shiny  condition  of  skin,  as  in  erysipelas,  covered  with  a 
multitude  of  small  blisters.  The  whole  body  swelled  to  nearly  twice 
the  natural  size,  and  there  was  extreme  irritation  of  the  surface. 
General  health,  nevertheless,  was  unaffected  ;  though  pulse  was  weak 
and  quick,  temp,  was  normal,  appetite  and  sleep  good,  bowels  regular, 
urine  normal.  Little  change  till  he  removed  to  a  place  among  the 
hills,  when  swelling  began  to  diminish,  and  diarrhoea  set  in,  lasting 
about  two  months — stools  at  times  perfectly  liquid,  and  as  many  as 
fifteen  or  sixteen  a  day.  General  state  remained  good,  though  tongue 
was  rather  red  at  tip  ;  and  swelling  rapidly  subsided.  When  this  had 
ceased,  the  only  trouble  was  the  state  of  the  skin,  which  remained 
red  and  tender  (though  with  much  less  heat  and  irritation),  and 
blisters,  fewer  but  larger,  formed  here  and  there  continually.  Similar 
blisters  formed  in  mouth,  having  a  blackish  fringe  around  them,  and 
sometimes  leaving  blackish  depressions.  Under  ant.  tart,  internally 
and  anointing  the  body  with  oil,  great  improvement  ensued  j  but  all 
the  nails  came  oiF,  he  was  inclined  to  sleep  a  great  deal  during  the  d., 
and  when  he  woke  he  was  rather  confused,  and  took  a  few  m.  to 
gather  himself  up.  His  sleep  also  was  disturbed  with  dreams  which 
were  half-visions,  and  awoke  him ;  while  the  pulse  had  become 
extremely  intermittent.  A  little  later  Lord  —  returned  to  his  former 
residence,  occupying  the  same  rooms  -,  and  after  sleeping  there  four  n. 
experienced  a  decided  return  of  the  eruption,  and  was  not  nearly  so 
well  in  himself.  At  this  point  the  presence  of  the  arsenic  was  dis- 
covered, and  he  was  at  once  removed.  He  continued  to  feel  weak  and 
shaky,  and  complained  much  of  his  mouth.  The  blackness  noticed 
there  had  disappeared  while  he  was  away,  but  now  the  inside  of  mouth 
looked  as  if  he  had  been  eating  charcoal,  and  the  saliva,  which  was 
abundant  and  clear,  seemed  to  have  little  black  grains  in  it.  Tongue 
looked  sodden ;  many  papillae  were  hard  and  blackish  ^  tip  and  edges 
red  and  very  sore.  The  mucous  membrane  of  mouth  and  tongue  was 
cold  to  the  touch.  Lord  —  now  took  a  slight  cold,  which,  however, 
did  not  extend  below  throat.  Some  difficulty  of  swallowing  and  of 
expiration  supervened.  As  he  was  taking  some  soup,  suddenly  his  eyes 
closed  and  his  head  drooped  forward,  a  dark  flush  passed  for  one  instant 
over  the  face,  and  without  a  gasp  he  was  dead.*  (Hughes,  Annals  of 
Brit.  Horn.  Soc.j  ix,  486.) 

34.  A  man  reduced  to  powder,  14th  and  15th  Nov.,  a  large  quantity 
of  A.,  using  the  precautions  he  had  ordinarily  found  effective  to  save 
his  face.  During  2nd  d.  of  work  he  had  frequent  desire  to  micturate, 
nausea  in  afternoon,  and  in  e.,  after  leaving  off,  vomiting  of  glairy 
sanguinolent  mucus.  On  returning  home,  he  felt  nose,  eyes,  and 
mouth  on  fire;  his  throat  seemed  contracted,  making  deglutition 
difficult  and  painful ;  his  saliva  was  tinged  with  blood.  N.  was  bad  : 
on  i6th,  respiration  became  painful  ;  he  felt  as  if  pricked  at  innumer- 
able points  of  skin.     Next  n.  no  better;  on  17th,  same  symptoms,  to 

•  Actius  (5th  cent.),  cited  by  Imbert-Gourbcyre,  speaks  of"  cniptio  bullarum  *' 
as  a  symptom  of  (probably)  arsenical  poisoning. 


440 


ARSENICUM. 


which  were  added  intolerable  pafn  with  swelling  in  penis,  ardor  urinae, 
papules  on  hands,  wrists,  and  forehead,  painful  swelling  of  hands  and  ^ 
His  face  was  covered  with  pustules  j  his  eyes  became  red  and 


r.  arm. 


his  lids  swollen  and  sore  j  his  chest  and  stomach  painfuh  When 
physician  saw  him  on  i8thj  all  his  symptoms  were  so  increased  that  he 
thought  he  could  not  live  ;  pulse  was  frequent  and  contracted^  respini- 
tion  very  embarrassed, stomach  painful,  kidney,  bladder,  and  penis  gave 
him  cruel  pain,  urine  suppressed,  eyes,  face,  and  throat  as  before  ^ 
described.  Improvement  now  set  in,  but  on  19th  there  were  still  crusts 
on  face,  papules  on  arm,  wrists,  and  hands,  lids  red  and  swollen*  A 
week  later  he  became  the  subject  of  a  general  pruritus,  which  lasted 
till  beginning  of  December.  (Dehemnh,  Journ.  di  med>y  1759*  Sec 
other  cases  in  Imbert-Gourbeyre  ;  also  ii,  9,  a,) 

35,  G.  M — ,  <et.  13,  a  strong  healthy  boy,  drank  a  quantity  of 
"sheep  dipping"  (a  liquid  containing  soap,  sulphur,  and,  besides  other 
ingredients,  a  large  proportion  of  arsenic).  Violent  vomiting  quickly 
ensued  whereby  most  of  the  fluid  was  ejected,  but  was  followed  by  atl 
the  symptoms  of  acute  arsenical  poisoning.  Under  treatment  by  emetics^ 
emolhents,  &c.,  these  gradually  passed  oft,  and  patient  was  apparently 
well  in  a  fortnight  9  but  in  a  month  he  came  with  his  face,  head,  hands, 
and  feet  swollen,  the  surface  of  the  whole  body  of  bright  red  colour,  not 
unlike  the  early  eruption  of  scarlet  fever.  No  constitutional  symptoms. 
After  a  few  d.  the  skin  partially  desquamated,  and  this  was  followed 
by  an  attack  of  psoriasis,  extending  over  the  whole  body,  including 
the  face.  At  the  same  time  the  hair  of  his  head,  eyebrows,  and 
eyelashes  fell  off,  and  the  nails  loosened  and  followed  suit.  No  history 
of  any  skin  disease  in  the  family,  and  the  boy  had  been  always  strong 
and  healthy,  but  was  now  thin  and  ansemic.  Treated  for  12  months 
with  only  trifling  improvement,  and  was  then  put  on  a  course  of  ars. 
(Fowler's  sol.,  it\v  t.  d.  la  sarsaparilla)^  when  the  hair  and  nails  grew 
rapidly  ;  he  grew  rapidly  in  flesh  and  strength,  and  his  weight  increased  ; 
the  scales  fell  off,  healthy  skin  taking  their  place,  and  in  two  months 
the  boy  was  again  well  and  strong.  The  skin  disease  never  returned. 
(J.  NiCHOLLS,  M.D.,  St\  Geo.  Hasp.  Reports^  iv,  220.) 

36.  Mrs.  —  took  i^ — I J  teaspoonfuls  of  A,     Within  2  h,  she  wa 
found  sitting  up  in  a  chair,  tossing  her  arms  about,  apparently  perfectly ^ 
unconscious  of  surrounding  objects  and  events.     In  \  h,  more  she  was 
able  to  speak,  and  said  that  vomiting  had  occurred  15   m.  after  takingj 
drug  on  an  empty  stomach.     Dejections  now   became  frequent  anH 
involuntary,  and  continued  for  some  d,,  with  great  excoriation  and 
pruritus.     Vomiting  did  not  cease  till   after  48  h.     Some  of  contents 
of  stomach  were  green,  and  before  entire  subsidence  of  sickness  appeared 
muco-sanguineous.     Gums    swelled   much  ;    mouth  sore ;    oedema  of 
face  and   feet  ;    paralysis   of  hands   and  feet  ;    remarkably   small   and 
indistinct  pulse,    with   kind    of  spasmodic    catch    in    breathing,    and 
sensation  in  head  as  if  a  carpenter  was  at  work  with    hammer  and 
chisel  ;    gritty  feelijig    in  eyes,  which   she  was    continually  rubbing 
After  8  or  9  d,  she  was  able  to  leave  her  bed,  complaining  only 
boils*  in  different  parts  of  body,  costiveness,  conjunctivitis,  lameness  in 
♦  See  also  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  p.  75. 


ARSENICUM.  44^ 

walking,  with  loss  of  feeling    in   hands  and  feet.     {Lancet y  1845,  i, 
640.) 

37.  Dr.  M.  D.  Thompson  visited  a  lad,  aet.  18.  He  was  cold, 
pulseless,  restless,  complaining  of  cramp  in  upper  and  lower  extremities  ; 
countenance  sunken  \  anterior  part  of  neck  and  chest  livid.  Had  been 
attacked  with  vomiting  and  purging  6  h.  previously.  In  1  ^  h.  he  was 
much  worse  and  died.  P.M,  Integumeuts  of  neck  and  anterior  part 
of  chest,  arms  as  far  as  elbow,  lateral  parts  of  chest  bounded  by  cartilages 
of  false  ribs,  whole  of  back  part  of  body  as  far  as  knees  (except  nates 
and  dorsa  of  scapulae),  were  copper  coloured.  The  colour  was  not  in 
elevated  spots,  like  secondary  syphilis,  but  was  diffused  without  any 
apparent  elevation  over  whole  surface  described.  There  was  intense 
venous  congestion  within  head  and  thorax.  A.  was  found  in  the 
body.  {Ibid.j  1840 — 1,  i,  882.  Imbert-Gourbeyre  cites  several 
observations  of  "  petechies  ou  ecchymoses  arsenicales,"  though  none  so 
widely  diffused.) 

38.  Some  years  ago,  a  patient  of  mine  who  came  annually  to  Royat, 
thought  well,  at  his  own  instance,  to  add  to  each  glass  of  mineral  water 
some  drops  of  Fowler's  solution.  Thereupon  appeared  large  brown 
patches  on  each  side  of  forehead,  which  persisted  several  d.,  and  only 
vanished  on  his  abandoning  this  curious  mixture.  (Imbert-Gourbeyre, 
who  adds  several  other  instances  and  testimonies  of  the  occurrence  of 
similar  discolorations.) 

39.  May  3rd,  1857,  ^  young  woman  came  for  treatment  of  a 
quotidian  of  5  d.  standing.  She  received  4  dr.  of  Fowler's  solution  in 
three  doses  daily,  taking  it  for  12  d.,  fever  ceasing  from  6th  d.  During 
the  last  week  there  was  considerable  itching  about  neck  and  arms, 
without  sign  of  eruption ;  and  during  last  3  d.  there  was  seen  about 
neck  desquamation  as  after  scarlatina.  (Ibid.,  who  adds  other  obser- 
vations.    See  also  Berridge,  Nos.  93  and  219  (9).) 

40.  Van  den  Dale  is  quoted  in  Frank's  Toxicologie  as  the  observer 
of  a  case  of  poisoning  where  during  the  first  10  d.  there  appeared,  in 
connection  with  a  pseudo- membranous  diarrhcea,  general  desquamation 
and  falling  of  hair  and  nails.      (Ibid.,  with  other  testimonies.) 

41.  Schaffer  has  related  a  case  of  chronic  poisoning  with  divers 
phenomena  belonging  to  paralysis  of  limbs,  which  patient  survived. 
There  was  a  remarkable  state  of  the  nails,  which  were  hard  and  eroded, 
the  terminal  phalanges  being  much  atrophied.  (Ibid.  See  also  Ber- 
ridge, No.  543.) 

42.  As  a  proof  that  the  area  Celsi  (alopecia  areata)  can  be  produced 
by  a  derangement  of  the  nutrition  of  the  hair  soil,  I  give  the  following 
case  in  which  a  disease  of  the  hair  soil  which  had  all  the  characters  of 
alopecia  areata  came  on  after  the  internal  administration  of  ars.  for  a 
long  time,  and  on  leaving  off  the  ars.  healed  spontaneously.  A  boy  of  6 
was  brought  to  me  on  21st  April,  1868,  For  3  years  has  suffered  from 
fits,  the  longest  interval  between  which  was  4  weeks,  but  he  sometimes 
had  several  in  i  d.  In  these  fits  he  loses  consciousness,  does  not  know 
anyone,  jumps  about,  laughs  and  sings.  The  fits  last  from  5  m.  to 
several  h .  After  fit,  yawns  and  complains  of  cold.  The  boy's  memonr 
is  bad,  and  intelligence  not  great,  but  he  is  sly  and  given  f^ 


44a 


ARSENICUM. 


Appetite  great  j  stool  constipated.  On  list  April,  gat  soK  Fowlcri 
5  grms.,  Aq.  mellissx  lo  grnis,  3  drops  to  betaken  m.^  xioon^  and  m 
— 28th,  He  got  4  drops  for  a  dose  three  times  a  day.  The  fits  only 
returned  once  in  8  d.  The  medicine  was  continued  in  increasing  doses 
till  he  took  15  dr*  3  times  a  day  =  5  dr.  of  the  sol.  Fowled  3  times  a 
day*  During  this  time  the  mother  told  me  that  the  boy's  hair  came 
out  much,  and  one  spot  of  the  scalp  was  bald.  This  spot  was  on 
occiput  above  protuberance,  the  size  of  a  crown,  round  and  bald,  only  a 
few  thick  black  hairs  and  some  downy  hair  grew  on  it.  The  skin  of 
the  spot  was  quite  soft,  smooth,  without  scales  or  scabs.  There  was  a 
smaller  spot,  size  of  half-a-crown,  on  the  L  parietal  protuberance,  of 
exactly  the  same  character.  There  were  no  microscopic  fungi  on  or 
near  the  hairs.  I  discontinued  the  arsenic,  and  when  I  saw  the  boy 
2  months  later  his  hair  had  grown  thickly  all  over.  In  other  r^pects 
he  was  no  better.     (Wyss,  Arch*  d.  Heilk,^  1870,  xi,  395.) 

43,  On  two  successive  e.,  after  taking  some  gruel  prepared  by  the 
poisoner,  a  man  was  attacked  by  pricking  and  burning  of  tongue,  throat, 
stomach,  and  bowels,  and  with  vomiting  and  purging.  Five  d.  aJter|he 
had  inflamed  pimples  round  lips,  and  sense  of  burning  in  mouth  ;  nostrils 
similarly  affected  ;  eyes  bloodshot,  with  burning  pain  ;  tongue  swollen, 
throat  red  and  excoriated,  and  in  both  a  tormenting  sense  of  burning; 
he  had  likewise  swelling,  with  pricking  and  burning  pain,  of  belly  \ 
excoriations  and  ulcers  round  anus,  and  intolerable  burning  there  j 
vomiting  and  bloody  diarrhoea ;  low,  tremulous  pulse  ^  laborious 
respiration  ;  and  great  difficulty  in  speaking  and  swallowing.  He  died 
on  9th  d,  (Christison,  Poisons^  3rd  ed.,  p.  306,  LFlccration  is  a 
frequent  occurrence  in  those  who  work  with  A,,  as  shown  by  Irabert- 
Gourbeyre.) 

44*  A  lady  was  poisoned  by  her  maid  with  fly-powder  and  white 
ars.  Her  symptoms  were  those  of  universal  inflammation  of  the  mucous  j 
membranes,  and  of  the  fundament  and  genitals,  both  of  which  became 
gangrenous,  both  during  life  and  on  P,M.  inspection.  (Bachmank, 
quoted  by  Christison,  p.  305.  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  in  ch,  ix  of  his 
treatise,  cites  other  instances  of  gangrene  produced  by  A,  See  also  II, 
65.) 

45,  Professors  Grohe  and  Mosler,  of  Greifewalde,  in  a  case  of  acute 
arsenical  poisoning  of  a  chijd  of  2,  who  died  in  13  h.,  found  steatosis 
in  liver,  kidneys,  heart,  and  diaphragm.  There  was  also  great  tume- 
faction of  Peyer's  patches  and  solitary  glands  in  ileum,  and  great 
redness  and  swelling  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  large  intestine  \ 
also  considerable  atelectasis  of  lungs,  and  a  recent  endocarditic  enlarge- 
ment  \}f  the  aortic  valves.  (Virchow's  /frchiv^  1865.  Three  years 
later,  Dr.  Roth  observed  similar  steatosis  of  liver,  reins,  and  heart  in  a 
man  dying  (3^  d,)  from  same  poison. — Gaspares  IFochemchrifi^  1868.) 

46,  Woman,  a;t.  20 — 30,  was  admitted  to  St.  Thomases  Hospital 
at  midnight,  Jan.  17th  ;   for  about  2  h.  she  had  had  nausea,  faintness, 
great  thirst,  considerable  pain   and   burning  heat  in  epigastric   rcgion|J 
heat  and  dryness  of  fauces,  and  constant  desire  to  swallow  sattva.1 
After  an  antimonial  emetic  vomiting  came  on  ;  pain  increased  j  voice 
became  very  hoarse,  and    on    admission    pulse  wa$  130,  and    small  j 


ARSENICUM.  443 

stomach-pump  was  used,  and  emollients  given  in  intervals  of  (hourly) 
vomiting.  In  m.  no  great  change,  save  more  tenderness  of  abdomen  ; 
breathing  rather  hurried  ;  pulse  120,  small.  In  e.,  prussic  acid  for 
vomiting.  Next  m.  this  was  found  relieved  ;  tenderness  of  abdomen 
was  more  diffused,  but  less  acute  ;  breathing  almost  entirely  carried  on 
by  diaphragm  and  thoracic  muscles  ;  could  not  take  deep  inspirations 
without  pain  5  obscure  crepitation  at  base  of  both  lungs  ;  pulse  130, 
contracted,  and  very  small  j  tongue  red  and  dry  at  tip  and  edges, 
and  coated  with  a  light  fur ;  bowels  open,  stools  fcetid  and  dark  ;  urine 
scanty.  Blister  to  epigastrium.  On  20th,  pain,  vomiting,  and  tender- 
ness less  urgent ;  pulse  almost  imperceptible  ;  fluttering  and  irregular 
action  of  heart ;  tongue  moister  ;  less  thirst ;  bowels  open;  breathing 
easier.  21st. — Towards  n.  extremities  became  cold;  surface  of  body 
covered  with  clammy  sweat ;  face  livid,  countenance  anxious.  Some 
irritation  about  urinary  organs,  and  a  good  deal  at  anus.  Action  of 
heart  became  irregular,  breathing  difiicult,  pulse  imperceptible;  and 
she  died  next  m.  At  P.M,^  8  h.  later,  lungs  were  found  heavy  and 
dark  ;  on  section  cut  surface  appeared  bright  red,  glossy,  and  smooth  ;  it 
resembled  neither  the  granular  appearance  of  pneumonic  hepatisation 
nor  the  defined  homogeneous  structure  of  the  clot  in  pulmonary 
apoplexy.  It  was  probably  the  first  stage  of  pneumonia,  the  appearance 
being  produced  by  extensive  engorgement  or  congestion  of  the  pul- 
monary capillaries,  no  effusion  having  as  yet  taken  place.  {Lancet^ 
1839 — ^40,  i,  706.     See  also  Christison,  p.  281,  319.) 

47.  M.  Saint  Philippe  publishes  {Gax.  Med.  de  Bordeaux^  ^878) 
two  cases  in  which  the  internal  administration  of  A.  was  followed  by 
urethritis.  The  first  was  a  man,  aet.  46,  suffering  from  malarial  fever, 
for  which  A.  was  prescribed.  He  had,  however,  taken  but  a  small 
(gr.  '16)  dose  when  he  exhibited  all  the  signs  of  poisoning.  On  following 
d.  he  was  attacked  by  urethritis.  He  positively  affirmed  that  he  had 
not  been  exposed  for  more  than  2  months  previously.  The  other 
patient  was  put  upon  A.  for  some  skin-trouble,  but  owing  to  a  mistake 
he  took  double  the  dose  ordered,  so  that  at  the  end  of  8  d.  he  had 
taken  16  milligrammes.  Symptoms  of  poisoning  now  showed  them- 
selves, and  at  the  same  time  the  commencement  of  a  well-marked 
urethritis,  which  yielded  to  the  usual  treatment  in  15  d.  Here  again 
exposure  was  denied  for  a  long  time  previously  ;  and,  taking  this  case 
in  conjunction  with  the  foregoing,  M.  Saint  Philippe  was  forced  to 
admit  an  arsenical  urethritis.     [Lond.  Med,  Record^  1878,  p.  214.) 

48.  A  woman,  aet.  25,  took  A.  in  water.  Death  took  place  in 
9  h.,  after  excessive  vomiting  and  some  purging  and  cramps.  At 
P.M.y  besides  usual  appearances,  ovaries  were  found  dark-coloured,  and 
lining  membrane  of  uterus  and  Fallopian  tubes  vascular;  posterior  part 
of  lungs  was  engorged,  giving  out  a  frothy  fluid  on  section;  a  purulent 
one  issued  from  bronchial  tubes,  and  lining  membrane  of  these  and  of 
trachea  was  red.  {Dublin  Med.  PresSy  xxiii,  241.  Christison  mentions 
a  case  recorded  in  Pyl's  Jufs.  u,  Beob.^  i,  50,  in  which  same  appearance 
of  uterus  and  Fallopian  tubes  was  presented.) 

49.  A  woman,  xt.  50,  was  severely  attacked  with  vomiting  and 
purging,  after  eating  soup  subsequently  found  to  confiun  A.     Next  m. 


444 


ARSENICUM. 


* 


she  was  better,  but  had  difficulty  and  pain  in  urinating ;  free  discharge 
of  blood  from  uterus  during  n.  ;  she  says  it  is  a  return  of  the  menses, 
which  had  ceased  for  5  years  ;  it  resembles  menstrual  blood.  During 
next  3  d.  discbarge  continued,  but  in  small  quantities.  Swelling  in 
face  and  joints  supervened.     [Amer,  Journ.  of  Med,  5t\,  xv%  ^59') 

50.  A  man  suffering  from  pain  and  swelling  of  I.  parietal  bone, 
ulceration  of  r.  cervical  glands,  and  other  signs  of  scrofula,  took 
Fowler's  solution,  10  drs.  twice  a  d.  This  made  him  feel  sick,  and 
caused  vomiting,  and  made  him  feel  uneasy  and  unwell  all  oven  In 
14  d.  his  legs  began  to  be  painful  and  to  swell  towards  e,,  so  as  to  hang 
over  his  shoes.  The  dose  was  diminished  to  7  drs.  Legs  continued  to 
swell  in  e.,  but  were  not  so  painful,  and  he  was  free  from  sickness. 
Dose  was  again  increased  to  10  drs.,  and  continued  for  7  weeks*  Legs 
continued  to  swell.  Medicine  was  now  stopped,  and  patient  went  to 
seaside.  While  there,  he  was  better  save  for  swelling  of  legs,  but  on 
his  return  home  general  dropsy  came  on  in  the  most  rapid  manner ; 
legs  and  thighs  were  very  much  swollen  ;  penis  oedematous  and  greatly 
enlarged,  scrotum  likewise  ;  lower  abdomen  hard  and  swollen  ;  pulse 
intermittent,  and  breathing  beginning  to  be  difficult.  Kidneys  acted 
naturally,  and  there  was  no  loss  of  muscular  strength.  With  tonics 
and  digitalis  he  finally  recovered.  (Astburv,  Edin.  Med^  and  Surg^ 
Jwrw.,  XV,  415.) 

51.  C.  J.  W^ — ,  set.  23,  was  treated  for  tubercular  phthisis  with  5 
drops  of  Fowler's  solution  3  times  a  d*,  commencing  Dec,  16th.  On 
Jan.  8th,  he  was  found  "  suffering  from  sorethroat,  and  general  oedema 
extending  even  to  his  palate.  His  belly  was  the  seat  of  obscure  ^^ 
fluctuation,  and  the  anasarca  was  so  great  in  his  legs  as  to  oblige  him  ^H 
to  wear  loose  india-rubber  shoes."  There  was  no  disturbance  of  ^i 
stomach  or  bowels,  and  general  appearance  was  better  rather  than 
worse.  Urine  was  1026^,  acid^  deposited  urates  on  cooling,  and 
proved  albuminous  when  tested  by  heat  and  nitric  acid.  A  kw  very 
pale  tube-casts  were  found  on  microscopical  examination.  Ail  dis- 
appeared on  suspension  of  drug,  but  on  its  resumption  a  month  later 
cedema  suddenly  developed  while  taking  4-drop  doses.  "  He  was 
breathing  uneasily,  and  singularly  swollen."  Urine  w^as  as  before 
(examined  previously  to  second  course  of  drug,  it  was  quite  free  from 
albumen).  Same  results  followed  suspension  and  subsequent  resumption 
of  drug,     (Weir  Mitchell,  N.  T.  Med,  Journ,^  i,  170.) 

52.  Woman,  a*t.  42,  subject  of  lepra  vulgaris,  took  same  for  six 
weeks,  in  5 — lO-drop  doses,  without  effect.  Then  slight  puffiness 
under  eyes  appeared  ;  but,  urijie  being  normal  and  lepra  about  to  yield, 
drug  was  continued.  Soon  after,  she  was  found  in  bed,  ^^  the  anasarca 
now  so  extensive  as  to  alarm  me.  Her  whole  body  was  swolleny  and 
even  the  palate  was  cedematous,  but  she  complained  of  no  pain/' 
Pulse  was  120  j  skin  hot  and  dry;  urine  acid,  1023°^  containing 
albumen  in  small  amount,  and  showing  a  i'^v^  very  pale  tube-casts. 
I  learned  from  the  patient  that  she  had  taken  cold  after  last  calling 
upon  me,  and  had  fever,  muscular  pains,  and  nasal  catarrh,  during 
which  dropsy  suddenly  increased.     {Ibid.) 

53.  a,  A  young  man  was  brought  into  hospital  at  10  a.m,  on  June 


ARSENICUM.  445 

9th,  1873.  ^^  ^^^  ^^^"  seized  2  d.  previously  with  vomiting,  followed 
by  purging.  Both  continued  till  now  ;  face  was  drawn  and  livid,  eyes 
not  deeply  sunk,  lips  violet  and  cold,  as  was  also  nose.  Body,  and 
especially  thighs,  showed  large  blue  spots,  and  whole  surface  was  cold. 
Tongue  was  icy,  and  covered  with  a  thick  bluish  coat.  Temp,  was 
35*2°.  Matter  vomited  was  green  ;  patient  complained  of  inextin- 
guishable thirst,  but  of  no  pain,  tenderness  or  constriction  of  alimentary 
tract.  Pulse  imperceptible  in  radial  and  brachial  arteries,  but  feebly  felt 
in  axillary.  No  urine  had  passed  since  vomiting  first  set  in ;  catheter 
drew  off  a  small  quantity  only,  which  on  testing  showed  no  albumen 
but  some  sugar.  A  hot  mustard-bath,  with  ice  and  stimulants,  was 
given.  In  e.  vomiting  and  (green)  diarrhoea  persisted  ;  there  was  no 
urine  ;  extreme  anxiety  had  supervened  ;  crampy  pains  were  felt  in 
muscles,  especially  of  arms.  Rectal  temp.  38  "6°.  During  n.  agitation  ; 
thirst  and  cramps  increased  ;  and  patient  died  at  4  a.m. 

b,  P,M,^  29  h.  later.  Abdominal  viscera  very  hyperaemic,  with 
haemorrhages  here  and  there  ;  liver  of  great  size,  soft,  friable,  with 
greyish-yellow  patches  ;  gall-bladder  gorged  with  green  bile.  Micro- 
scopic investigation  showed  steatosis  everywhere,  in  liver  especially. 
In  cranium,  pia  mater  and  arachnoid  showed  the  intense  lesions  of  most 
evident  meningitis  in  its  first  stage  ;  whole  encephalon  was  hyperaemic, 
especially  corpora  striata.  Heart  showed  numerous  hasmorrhages  under 
pericardium  and  especially  endocardium  of  1.  side,  with  clots  in  muscular 
substance. 

Arsenic  was  found  in  abundance.  (Martineau,  France  Medicale^ 
May  14th  and  17th,  1873.  Dr.  Imbert-Gourbeyre,  U Action  de 
r Arsenic  sur  le  Coeur^  Paris,  1874,  has  shown  that  the  cardiac  lesions 
here  met  with  are  so  frequently  encountered  as  to  be  quite  character- 
istic of  the  drug.  He  further  supplies  numerous  instances  of  palpitations, 
cardiac  dyspnoea,  hypertrophy  and  constriction  of  the  heart,  and  (serous) 
pericarditis  excited  by  it.     See  also  here,  II,  9  ^.) 

54.  A  man  took,  June  loth,  10  p.m.,  15^  drachms  of  A.  with 
suicidal  intent.  In  i  h.,  there  was  abundant  vomiting,  then  colicky 
pains  and  repeated  stools.  Finding  death  tardy,  he  filled  his  pockets 
with  stones,  and  threw  himself  into  the  Rhine.  He  was  drawn  out, 
and  taken  to  hospital  at  8  next  m.  His  face  was  then  pale,  altered  ; 
weakness  extreme  ;  coldness  of  extremities,  nose,  and  ears  ;  pulse  small 
and  frequent  \  tongue  moist  and  cold  ;  sharp  abdominal  pains  and  liquid 
stools  \  mind  clear,  answers  slow,  absorbed  in  gloomy  thoughts.  Per- 
oxide of  iron  was  given,  and  provoked  repeated  vomitings.  Two  h. 
later,  reaction  set  in ;  warmth  returned  to  extremities  ;  face  less  drawn 
and  of  better  colour  ;  answers  more  easily  given.  At  noon,  reaction 
was  considerable ;  face  red  and  swollen  \  pulse  full  and  frequent,  skin 
hot  i  vomiting  and  liquid  stools  continue.  Patient  was  bled  and  leeched, 
and  nitre  given.  In  e.,  reaction  had  abated  \  he  had  a  good  n.,  except 
a  little  delirium  ;  next  d.  was  much  better,  and  on  13th  all  symptoms 
were  gone.  But  he  stated  that  on  previous  e.  he  had  felt  in  1.  leg 
rather  acute  pains  which  had  disturbed  sleep  \  leg  was  a  little  cold  to 
touch  and  painful  on  pressure,  otherwise  natural.  Next  d.,  pain  in  leg 
was  very  acute,  and  toes  remarkably  cold  and  void  of  colour*    On 


446 


ARSENICUM. 


15th,  foot  and  leg  were  cold  and  livid,  as  it  were  cyanosed,  with  blue 
patches  as  high  as  knee,  very  painful  on  pressure.  Pulsations  of  1*; 
femoral  and  popliteal  arteries  were  less  strong  and  full  than  those  of  r^ 
and  those  of  post*  tibial  could  not  be  felt.  Mortification  progressed] 
and  leg  was  amputated  on  20th.  No  artery  required  tying  sa%^e  femoral] 
Patient  gradually  sank  ;  sphacelus  attacked  stump,  and  he  died  July  isc 
In  severed  limb  there  was  mortification  of  soft  parts  in  almost  theil 
whole  extent ;  redness  in  patches  of  chief  arteries,  which  were  also  le 
points  obstructed  by  clots  j  veins  containing  some  clots, but  th> 
sound.  Crural  stump  showed  commencing  gangrene  of  inte 
and  muscles ;  chief  arteries  thickened,  reddish,  and  containing  soil 
non-adherent  clots  ;  in  femoral  vein,  close  to  section,  a  consistent  clot, 
and  above  it  sanious  pus  as  high  as  vena  cava.  (Forget,  Gazette 
Hopitauxy  1850*) 

55*  The  microscopical  and  chemical  peculiarities  of  the  blood  under 
the  action  of  A.  are  of  great  importance  in  relation  to  the  chang 
which  the  solids  undergo,  to  the  haemorrhages  from  the  nose,  the 
digestive  canal,  the  urinary  passages,  to  the  ecchymosts  found  in  lh€ 
lungs,  pleura,  pericardium,  and  heart,  and  to  the  occurrence  of  dropsyJ 
during  the  use  of  this  medicine.  The  production  of  serous  effusions  j 
an  ordinary  effect,  and  of  chronic  anaemia  as  the  consequence  of  pr 
longed  exposure  to  arsenical  influences,  appears  to  furnish  grounds 
believing  that  m  sufficient  doses  A.,  like  mercury,  tends  to  disintegrate 
the  blood-corpuscles,*  to  diminish  the  proportion  of  fibrin,  and 
possibly,  also,  to  attack  still  more  directly  the  vital  principle  upon 
which  the  normal  qualities  of  the  blood  depend.     (SriLLi,  sp,  at,)        j 

56.  a.  Two  years  previously  a  photographic  artist,  a?t.  30,  hadj 
suffered  from  chronic  syphilitic  throat,  but  quite  recovered  his  hcalth.1 
Dn  Parker  found  him  in  bed  suffering  from  intense  pain  in  region  of  I 
stomach,  not  materially  increased  by  pressure.  The  abdomen  was  ] 
swollen  and  tympanitic,  intense  thirst,  but  the  smallest  quantitv  of  coldj 
water  could  not  be  retained  ;  pulse  100,  regular,  soft,  wealc  ;  skin  I 
moist,  cool ;  tongue  moist,  thin  white  fur;  urine  scanty;  respiration  I 
natural  ;  countenance  anxious,  features  contracted.  For  4  weeks  hcj 
had  suffered  from  pain  after  meals,  and  could  take  nothing  but  hghtl 
farinaceous  food.  On  questioning  him  as  to  the  cause  of  the  pain  and! 
suffering,  it  appeared  he  had  been  in  the  habit  of  using  arsenic  fori 
years,  "  but  it  has  never  before  injured  me  "  he  said.  Struck  with  thcl 
reported  results  of  arsenic  eating  in  Styria,  he  resolved  to  test  it  in  hisJ 
own  person.  At  first  he  took  minute  doses,  measuring  the  quantity! 
with  the  eye  ;  he  pointed  to  a  one-grain  pill  of  opium  as  about  thcj 
bulk  he  had  been  daily  using  for  the  last  5  months.  He  had  hoped  byl 
increasing  the  dose  he  would  be  relieved  of  his  painful  dyspnoea.  Hel 
thought  his  spirits  and  general  feelings  were  at  first  better  under  itsi 
use ;  but  his  complexion,  instead  of  becoming  clearer,  was  made  morel 
dingy;  no  effect  on  the  respiratory  organs  or  muscular  system*  Hisl 
genitals  were  stimulated   by  its  use,     Parker,  who  reports  the  caseJ 

♦  **Drs.  Cutler  and   Bradford,  from  their  experiments  conducted  --       ''-,*  to 
Mabssez^  method,  are  led  to  conclude  that  A.  in  heaJth  causes  a  progri  l'i*c 

ill  the  number  of  the  red,  and  especially  of  die  white,  corpuscles  *'  (RiN^i-rv ,,  . 


ARSENICUM.  447 

found   afterwards    that  this  person   was  noted  for  his  amorous    pro- 
pensity. 

b.  Two  d.  after,  pain  ceased,  and  he  complained  mainly  of  distress 
in  the  respiratory  organs.  No  change  to  be  seen  in  eyes  or  fauces,  but 
the  mucous  membrane  of  anus  was  red  and  irritable.  Later  in  d.,  pain 
and  vomiting  returned.  On  3rd  d.,  he  was  worse,  burning  pain  in 
stomach  and  vomiting ;  countenance  darker  and  more  hippocratic  ; 
tongue  furred,  but  moist;  rectum  would  not  retain  the  beef-tea  injection. 
Although  pulseless,  when  exempt  from  pain  (which  was  occasionally 
the  case  for  a  few  minutes)  he  said  he  felt  quite  well,  and  strong  enough 
to  walk.  He  did  descend  a  flight  of  steps  and  return  again.  At 
10  p.m.,  no  pulsations  in  radial,  temporal,  or  subclavian  arteries  :  heart's 
sounds  very  indistinct  and  confused,  could  just  be  detected  with  stetho- 
scope, pulsations  not  to  be  counted.  He  spoke  in  a  firm  tone  of  voice, 
rose  again  from  bed  unassisted,  went  to  the  chair,  but  could  void  neither 
faeces  nor  urine.  Only  a  few  drops  of  urine  had  been  voided  during 
the  past  24  h.  The  intense  thirst  and  irritability  of  stomach  had  passed 
away.  Next  d.  he  grew  weaker,  abdomen  became  very  tympanitic, 
body  cold,  respiration  20  and  laboured  ;  talked  incoherently;  died  in  e. 

c.  Post-mortem  appearances. — Whole  body  enormously  swollen  and 
disfigured,  abdomen  distended  to  its  utmost  limits ;  rigor  mortis 
extreme;  countenance  livid.  Emphysema  and  capillary  congestion 
were  general  on  surface  of  body,  air  could  readily  be  detected  by 
touch  wherever  sought.  Penis  and  scrotum  were  black  and  swollen  ; 
when  pinched  the  air  escaped  in  bubbles  with  venous  oozing.  Blood 
in  brain  and  rest  of  body  was  black  and  very  fluid.  Membranes  of 
brain  firmly  adherent  to  cerebral  surface  at  point  of  junction  of 
parietal  with  occipital  bone,  extending  continuously  down  through  the 
tissue  dividing  cerebral  lobes  to  the  tentorium  cerebelli.  Substance  of 
brain  firm  ;  ventricles  contained  a  small  amount  of  fluid.  Pericardium 
contained  2  oz.  of  fluid  ;  left  ventricle  largely  hypertrophied  and  firmly 
contracted  ;  walls  of  r.  side  of  heart  attenuated  ;  ventricles  empty, 
auricles  full  of  dark  liquid  blood.  Lungs  congested  ;  oesophagus  sound. 
About  2  quarts  of  fluid  in  peritoneal  cavity.  Stomach  congested  over 
cardiac  half,  and  again  towards  duodenal  end  ;  mucous  membrane  soft, 
between  this  and  muscular  coat  air  was  freely  distributed  ;  also  patches 
of  extravasated  blood.  Duodenum  almost  black,  colour  became  lighter 
and  congestion  less  as  ileo-ccecal  valve  was  approached.  Many  Targe 
patches  of  extravasation  were  observed,  especially  beneath  peritoneum 
covering  ileum.  Large  intestine  slightly  congested  and  here  and  there, 
small  patches  of  extravasation  in  its  walls.  Rectum  inflamed  through- 
out, but  especially  in  neighbourhood  of  sphincter.  Liver  natural  in 
size,  of  peculiar  dark  greenish  colour  throughout ;  gall-bladder  full  of 
black  bile,  spleen  loaded  with  blood.  Kidneys  of  usual  size,  but  much 
congested  ;  bladder  empty  and  contracted ;  urethral  orifice  congested. 
Careful  examination  by  experts  yielded  no  traces  of  arsenic,  except 
very  slight  ones  in  the  liver,  and  even  this  could  not  be  found  by  one 
examiner.     (D.  Parker,  M.D.,  Ed.  Med.  Journ.y  x,  116.) 

57.  W — ,  an  arsenic-eater,  reports  that  on  leaving  it  off  for  2  or  3 
d.  he  feels  slight  languor  and  loss  of  appetite.     On  two  occasions  he 


44« 


ARSENICUM. 


in 

hi' 


P^h 


tried  to  leave  it  off"  altogether.  The  second  time»  on  3rd  d.  of  2nd 
eek  after  cessation  of  drug,  he  was  attacked  with  faintness,  depression 
"spirits,  mental  weakness,  and  a  total   loss  of  the   little  appetite  he 

still  had  ;  sleep  also  entirely  left  him.  On  4.th  d.  he  had  violent 
Ipitation,  accompanied  by  profuse  sweat.  Inflammation  of  longs 
Uowed,  and  he  was  laid  up  for  9  weeks.  The  results  on  the  former 
casion  were  very  similar.     (Heische,  Pharm^  yoitrn^and  Tram^^uaA 

sen,  i,  556,) 

58.  The  solution,  when  administered  in  small  doses^  will  'generally 
be  attended  with  no  operation  ;  yet  it  will  frequently  produce  a  nait^ett 
often  accompanied  with  a  slight  griping,  or  an  open  body  i  sc'  th 
vomiting  or  purging.  When  it  is  given  in  large  doses,  tr-;  if 
three  times  a  day,  it  will  generally  excite  a  nausea  and  vomiting,  or  a 
nausea  with  griping  and  purging  ;  and  sometimes  these  effects  arc 
combined.  Certain  swellings,  especially  of  the  face,*  or  21  loss  of 
appetite,  will  sometimes  attend  the  larger  doses,  and  now  and  then  even 
the  smaller  ones.  In  several  instances  it  has  proved  evidently  diuretic  j 
yet  in  two  or  three  it  has  seemed  to  diminish  the  natural  urinary 
discharge*  In  a  few  cases  it  has  occasioned  an  uneasiness  and  pain  at 
the  stomach,  or  a  slight  general  eruption  like  the  nettle-rash  ;  and  in  a 
very  few  instances  it  has  seemed  to  produce  a  sweat,  a  headache,  or 
slight  tremors,  (Fowler,  Mid.  Rtparis  Qf  Effects  of  Arsenic^  1 806,  p.  94* 
From  observations  on  320  cases.) 

59.  M.  Devergie  has  been  the  first  to  call  attention  to  a  pheno* 
menon  which  appears  at  the  subsidence  of  squamous  diseases,  and 
especially  psoriasis^  treated  by  arsenical  preparations  ;  the  surface 
affected  takes  on  in  its  whole  extent  a  brown  tint  which  does  not 
vanish  for  several  months.  Moreover,  under  the  influence  of  the 
same  medication,  there  will  manifest  itself  on  the  arsenical  spots  a 
secondary  eruption  consisting  of  certain  pimples,  red  and  isolated^ 
multiplying  slowly,  but  (if  the  drug  is  persisted  with)  continuously. 
On  this  point  my  personal  experience  is  in  entire  accord  with  that  of 
M.  Devergie.  In  some  much  rarer  cases  we  may  observe,  after  the 
internal  administration  of  A.,  pustular,  ecthymatous,  furuncular  and 
ulcerous  eruptions.  (Baxin,  Affcctlom  cutances  arttjjcie/ksy  1 862,  p*  194, 
At  p.  196  Bazin  relates  a  case  in  which  ecthyma-like  pustules  appeared 
after  the  consumption  of  gr.  -f^th  of  A.  during  14  d.) 

60.  a.  A  full  dose  of  A,  being  administered  at  regular  intervals,  in 
a  few  d.  (or  possibly  weeks)  a  prickling  sensation  is  felt  in  the  tarsi, 
and  the  conjunctiva  becomes  slightly  inflamed.  At  this  crisis  the 
disease  is  brought  under  anest.  ,  .  .  The  dose  may  now  be 
reduced,  and  in  some  cases  a  very  small  dose  taken  with  exact  regularity 
will  suffice  to  keep  the  eyelids  slightly  tender  and  the  skin  healing. 
,  •  i  A  slight  degree  of  conjunctivitis,  in  about  49  cases  out  of  50> 
takes  precedence  over  the  more  grave  affections  —gastritis,  colicky  pains, 

♦  *'  Under  the  influence  of  continued  ^rnall  dosses  a  character intic  puffinc^  of  the 
cc  arises,  with  ccdcma  of  the  eyelids,  which  at  first  h  most  visible  in  the  mormng» 
uc  it  is  afterwards  more  permanent  and  extensive,  occupying  the  ankle*,  limbjt»  and 
bdoiTicn  with  a  dropf-icul  tIfuMon '*  (Stille),     See  also  EUmtf,  Med,  Jount,^  v,  15  j 

Imbert-Golirbeyre,  Actkfi.  dfi'An,  sur  la  peau,  ch.  xiii  j  and  Weir  MiTCti£Ll.| 

iV.  York  Med.  jQurn*,  i,  169  (ii»  51 1  51  here). 


4 
I 

i 


ARSENICUM. 


449 


I 


vomiting — which  mdicate  an  over-dose.  •  .  .  In  exceptional  cases, 
tenderness  of  the  soles,  and  more  rarely  of  the  palms,  presents  the  first 
indication  of  an  over^dose. 

if.  Whereas  conjunctivitis  is  the  primary  effect  of  small  doses  of 
arsenic,  it  has  also  after  a  time  a  secondary  effect*  The  trunk  of  the 
patient  first,  and  subsequently  all  those  parts  of  the  body  which  are  by 
the  dress  protected  from  the  access  of  light  and  air,  become  covered 
with  a  dirty  brown,  dingy,  unwashed  appearance,  which,  under  a  lens, 
reveals  a  delicate  desquamation  of  the  dermis,  and  is,  in  fact,  a  faint 
form  of  pityriasis.*  *  •  .  Now  and  then  a  delicate  papular  eruption 
(lichen  arsenicalis)  will  show  itself  suddenly  under  a  course  of  A.  and 
as  suddenly  disappear  under  a  few  doses  of  the  liq,  amm.  acet. 

f.  Excessive  doses  often  produce  so  strong  and  lasting  an  impression 
on  the  nervous  system,  especially  in  delicate  subjects,  as  to  render  it,  for 
months  or  years  subsequently,  so  intolerant  of  the  medicine,  even  in 
the  smallest  doses,  as  absolutely  to  interdict  its  use.  After  a  week  or 
two  of  5  mtn.  of  Fowler^s  solution  3  times  a  d.  such  patients  complain 
of  nervous  tremors,  disturbed  rest,  horrible  dreams,  and  other  affections 
of  the  sensorium.     (Hunt,  Diseases  if  Skin^  5th  ed.,  p.  20 — 25.) 

61,  I  have  seen  very  minute  doses  of  A.  given  to  patients  affected 
with  lepra,  and  continued  for  many  days,  without  being  able  to  detect 
the  least  indication  of  its  action  on  the  system,  except  the  amelioration 
of  the  disease.  When  the  dose  was  slightly  increased  the  appetite  in 
some  cases  appeared  to  be  increased  \  but  the  effect  was  neither  universal 
nor  continued.  Very  shortly  afterwards,  a  sensation  of  heat  in  throat, 
oesophagus,  and  stomach,  came  on,  occasionally  with  nausea,  but  seldom 
with  vomiting ;  in  a  few  cases,  with  gastrodynia,  a  febrile  condition  of 
the  body  was  set  up  ;  there  were  dryness  of  skin,  increased  secretion  of 
urine,  relaxed  bowels,  sometimes  with  griping  ;  the  patients  usually 
complain  of  great  languor,  inaptitude  for  employment  and  want  of  sleep  ; 
and  sometimes  these  symptoms  were  accompanied  with,  or  followed  by, 
pricking  or  irritation  of  the  tarsi,  redness  of  the  eyes,  a  slight  degree 
of  conjunctivitis,  and  certain  swellings,  especially  of  the  face  (oedema 
arsenicalis).     (Pereira,  op,  at.) 

62,  The  single  or  not  often  repeated  administration  of  small  doses 
(0*001 — o'005  grm.)  gives  rise  to  rather  vague  symptoms,  varying  in 
different  individuals,  and  with  difficulty  recognisable  or  appreciable. 
There  is  feeling  of  warmth  in  cesophagus  and  stomach,  and  appetite  is 
increased  so  that  there  is  feeling  of  hunger.  The  various  functions 
are  more  energetically  performed  ;  among  them  those  of  heart  and 
brain,  respiration  and  temperature,  and  those  of  the  excreting  and 
genital  organs.  But  if  even  these  small  doses  are  continued  for  a  long 
time,  serious  symptoms  of  poisoning  set  in.  There  js  feeling  of  con- 
striction in  throat,  dryness  there  and  in  mucous  membranes  generally, 
pain  in  region  of  stomach,  nausea,  vomiting,  and  purging;  there  is  also 
fever  accompanied  by  headache  and  sleeplessness.  When  the  drug  is 
suspended  the  health  may  be  entirely  restored.  (Nothnagel  and 
ROSSBACH,  off.  at.) 

♦  Dr,  Roberts,  in  his  Theory  and  Practice  rf Medicme^  relates  a  case  of  pityriasis 
rubra  caused  by  A.  (ind  ed.,  p,  793)* 

29 


450 


ARSENICUM. 


63,  Even   medicinal  doses^  if  long  continued,  will  induce  in  somen 
persons  a  dyspncjea  allied  to  that  of  emphysema,  or  even  asthma,  with  1 
dry  cough  or  hawking  of  mucus.     This  I  have  verified  several  times  in 
the  subjects  of  eczema,  observing  its  cessation  with  the  omission  of  the 
drug^  and  its  return  under  arsenical  influence.     {Phillips,  op.  at.) 

64.  When  A,  is  given  in  medicinal  doses  one  of  the  first  constim^ 
tional  symptoms  produced  by  it  is  an  acceleration  of  the  heart's  action  a 
this,  as   Dr.   DuiEn  hat  remarked,  and  as   I   have    seen,  someticnet 
becomes  quickened  after  a  few  days  by  10,  20,  or  30  beats  per  miniite« 
the  pulse  also  becoming  hard  and  wiry.^     This  acceleration  is  panicufl 
larly  observable  in  those  of  sanguineous  or  sanguinco-nervous  tempemJ 
ment,  in    whom    the    heart's    action    is  readily   excited    by    physicifl 
exertion    or    mental    emotion.      In    some   cases   before,    but    usualljl 
after,  this   acceleration,  there  appear  evidences  of  irritation   of    wm 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  ;  there  will  be  more  or  less  thirst  ■ 
the  tongue   becomes  coated  towards  centre  and   root,  with  red  side? 
and  tip;  loss  of  appetite  and  sense  of  weight  in  the  epigastrium  i  about 
the    same    time    there    will    be    heaviness    and    pricking    about    the 
eyelids,  with  flashes  of  light   before  eyes  when  closed,  and  after  a  time 
eyelids  become  puffed  and  droop,  giving  the  countenance  a  peculiarly 
melancholy  and  careworn  appearance  i  there  will  be  more  or  less  hcaa- 
ache,  chiefly  over  brows  and  lower  part  of  forehead  i  this  headache  is 
very   often  one  of  the  first  symptoms.     There  are  very  commonli 
confused  and  horrible  dreams,  especially  in  children.     Girdlestonc  ha 
remarked  that  in  some  cases  the  skin  assumes  a  uniform  lobster-re 
colour,  that  erysipelas  comes  on,  or  that  phlyctense  and  pustules  appear^ 
I  have  frequently  seen   that  the  disease  o\  the  skin   for  which  A. 
given,  more  particularly  if  it  be  chronic  eczema,  has  evinced  a  decide 
tendency  to  increased  action,  the  patches  becoming  red  and  irritable 
If  the  A,  is  still  continued  there  results  great  irritation  about  mucoti 
membrane  of  stomach  and  throat  \  headache  increases  in  severity  ;  urine 
high  coloured  ;  countenance,  which  has  become  pale  and  sallow,  will 
assume  a  remarkably  sorrowful  and  anxious  cast ;  tremors  of  limbs 
come  on,  with  an  occasional  feeling  of  faintness  ;  and  the  foundation 
incurable  and  permanent  disease  may  be  laid  in  nervous  or  digestive 
system.     In  some  cases  the  first  symptom  is  a  degree  of  thirst  and 
feeling  of  oppression  about  epigastrium  i  \n  others,  and  this  is  verycom^ 
mon, headache  with  disturbed  dreams;  and,  usually  antecedent  to, or  coinJ 
cident  with,  any  one  of  these  symptoms,  acceleration  of  pulse.     A  young 
lady  took  Fowler's  solution  for  psoriasis  of  legs  to  such  an  extent  tha 
it  caused  excessive   derangement  of  stomach,  followed  by  a   violec 
neuralgic  attack,  together  with,  at  a  subsequent  period,  a  distressin 
train  of  hysterical  symptoms  which  terminated  in  a  state  of  dementia 
which  has  now  lasted  nearly  four  years.     A.   is  very  badly  borne 
plethoric  or  highly  sanguine  or   sanguineo-nervous  people.      In   th€ 
cases  the  pulse  becomes  rapidly  accelerated  ^  irritation  and  even  subacute 

♦  This  hardness  (there  called  "  sharpness  ")  of  pulse  was  noted  in  a  case 
poiJiomng  by  Dr.  Ward,  and  after  death  heart  was  toynd  smaller  than  usual,  ju. 
hard  like  a  spasmodically  contracted  ihuacIc  {EMh,  Mtd»  and  Surg,  jQurm.^  xxxiii^  61] 
— Eds. 


ARSENICUM. 


4SI 


I 

■ 
■ 


I 

to 


inflammation  of  gastric  mucous  membrane  supervenes  ;  there  is  head- 
ache, and  a  sense  of  tension  or  weight  in  forehead,  and  the  skin  disease 
becomes  aggravated.     (Erichsen,  Med,  Gazette^  ^842,  it,  196,  238,) 

65.  Liquor  arsenical  is  was  prescribed  for  a  lady  affected  with  cuta< 
neous  disease  in  doses  of  5  drops  (  =  gr.  '^i\\  ofarseniousacid)  gradually 
increased  to  15  drops  (=^th  gr.),  3  times  a  day*  After  continuing 
these  doses  more  or  less  for  a  month,  she  was  found  labouring  under  the 
following  symptoms  :  obstinate  diarrhoea,  frequent  griping  pains  in 
bowels,  with  almost  constant  desire  to  act ;  considerable  tenderness 
over  whole  abdomen,^  which  was  distended  ;  constant  pain  and  nausea 
after  taking  food,  and  frequent  vomiting  ;  skin  cool  and  dry  j  intense 
thirst  I  tongue  clean  and  red,  resembling  raw  beef  j  pulse  100,  small 
and  feeble  ;  sense  of  constriction  in  throat,  and  copious  How  of  saliva  j 
she  had  some  gastric  cough,  with  frequent  raking  of  the  throat  and 
fauces,  and  expectoration  of  a  muco-purulent  secretion  mixed  with 
blood.  There  was  much  pain  and  tenderness  down  spine,  with  frequent 
muscular  tremors,  and  a  crampy  feeling  of  lower  extremities,  with 
partial  loss  of  motion  and  sensation  ;  they  were  swollen,  of  a  livid 
colour  in  places,  and  showed  a  tendency  to  slough.  There  was  great 
emaciation,  want  of  sleep,  owing  to  irritable  state  of  bowels  \  motions 
white,  watery,  and  frothy ;  urine  scanty,  high  coloured,  and  passed 
with  an  effort  5  menses  absent.  After  her  worst  symptoms  ceased 
there  was  still  prostration  and  feeling  of  numbness  in  lower  extremities. 
{Prov.  M.  J.,  Nov.  18,  1843.) 

66.  M,  Giraud  took,  by  mistake,  Sept.  23rd,  immediately  before 
breakfast,  a  dessertspoonful  of  a  solytion  of  ifgrms.  ofarseniace  of  soda 
in  600  grms.  of  water.  General  malaise  soon  came  on,  with  repeated 
vomitings  ;  body  felt  shattered  all  d.  ;  at  n,  frightful  dreams*  For  8  d. 
after  he  continued  to  vomit  at  frequent  intervals;  then,  feeling  better,  he 
took  a  second  spoonful.  Vomiting  set  in  more  violently  than  ever  in  5 
m.,  but  ceased  after  2  h.  Some  days  later  he  took  a  third  spoonful. 
Vomiting  did  not  begin  till  |  h.  after  dose  j  but  from  this  time  it 
became  habitual  during  or  after  meals.  For  the  first  few  d.  he  had 
black  and  foetid  diarrhoea,  frequent  epistaxi?,  great  praicordial  anxiety 
with  pains  in  epigastrium  and  colic.  Towards  end  of  October  he  felt 
his  strength  failing,  found  it  difficult  tu  keep  warm,  vomited  daily, 
and  from  time  to  time  had  palpitations.  Towards  end  of  November, 
he  remarked  in  groins  and  inner  surface  of  thighs  red  spots  not  dis- 
appearing on  pressure.  These  lasted  for  months,  then  became  pale  and 
were  replaced  by  a  kind  of  vibices.  A  milk  diet  suspended  vomitings 
for  a  time  j  but  on  return  to  ordinary  food  they  returned,  accompanied 
with  tearing  pains  in  stomach.  After  another  lacteal  n'gime  they 
finally  ceased,  March  8th  ;  but  there  remained  an  habitual  dyspepsia, 
with  constipation,  stools  consisting  of  whitish  balls,  which  after 
contact  with  air  became  reddish.  (Imbert-Gourbeyre,  L*Art  Mcd.^ 
I,  p.  3j.) 

67.  Mrs.  B — ,  aet.  39,  full  habit,  good  health,  nervous-sanguine 
temperament,  light  hair  and  blue  eyes,  was  in  the  fall  of  1854  attacked 
with  diphtheria,  for  which  I  gave  her  ars,  iod.  and  belladonna.     After 

•  Com  p.  Berridgc,  No,  10, 


45^ 


ARSENICUM. 


nearly  suhdutng  the  disease  I  was  called  awav  on  business,  and  fearing 
that  the  lungs  might  become  involved,  I  left  some  powders  of  the 
iodide,  i^  trituration,  of  about  a  grain  each,  which  I  ordered  her  to  ufe 
in  the  form  of  avapour,  but  which, through  a  mistake,  she  took  inte^ 
in  the  place  of  some  belladonna  powders  which  I  had  left  her. 
took  them  three  times  a  d.  for  4  d.  under  the  impression  that  she 
labouring  under  a  relapse  of  diphtheria.  The  ist  d.  she  began  takin^ 
the  drug  she  said  she  felt  perfectly  well,  but  at  about  midnight  she  was 
aroused  from  sleep  by  a  heavy,  deep-seated  bone-pain  in  regioa  of 
sacrum  with  feeling  as  if  it  would  separate  from  spine  ;  it  then  striked 
down  thighs  as  far  as  insertion  of  sartorius  muscle,  and  seemed  confined 
to  bone,  though  flesh  felt  dull  and  heavy,  as  though  sensory  nerves  were 
inactive ;  sometimes  pain  ran  forward  from  sacrum  to  groin,  and  wn 
boring  and  tingling  in  its  character.  Experienced  great  burning 
itching  just  within  vagina,  which  was  not  relieved  by  cold  application 
during  this  time  felt  remarkable  clearness  of  brain.  About  3  a.m.  paiiT 
left  sacrum  and  appeared  in  lumbar  region,  involving  space  of  about 
one  vertebra,  with  sensation  as  though  it  was  being  crushed  to  pieces ; 
there  was  a  sense  of  remarkable  Tightness  from  the  hips  upwards. 
About  this  time,  began  to  have  pains  in  her  head,  which  extended  from 
frontal  region  back  to  occiput,  and  down  spine  as  far  as  first  lumbar 
vertebra — this  was  one  of  the  most  protracted  and  troublesome  sym» 
toms  produced.  About  6  a.m,,  feeling  very  cold  and  chilly,  especially 
in  the  extremities,  she  took  a  warm  infusion  of  spearmint,  after  which 
she  fell  asleep  and  remained  quiet  for  |  h.,  then  awoke  and  drank 
another  draught  of  the  tea,  after  which  she  slept  for  ^  h.,  and  on 
awaking  had  flushed  face,  eyes  injected,  lips  and  nostrils  puffy,  with 
dryness  of  throat,  hoarseness,  &c.  The  skin  now  became  more  gene- 
rally cold,  with  intensely  cold  sensation  outside  of  stomach  and  great 
burning  within^  feeling  in  abdomen  as  though  collapsed,  constricted 
feeling  in  vagina  ;  abdominal  symptoms  became  more  violent,  with 
feeling  as  of  tenesmus  in  rectum,  which  reached  as  high  as  sigmoid 
flexure.  About  9  had  discharge  per  anum,  with  great  fisar  that  some 
of  the  internal  organs  would  be  cast  off  with  the  faeces.  The  pain  in 
head  and  tenesmus  were  the  ruling  symptoms  until  about  1 1,  She  now 
seemed  to  be  unconscious,  or,  at  least,  did  not  seem  to  realize  her 
condition  ;  this  symptom  lasted  till  about  r  p.m.  without  any  disposition 
to  talk  or  answer  cjuestions  ;  took  no  notice  of  her  children,  or  the 
noise  they  made.  She  did  not  take  the  powder  this  morning,  but  took 
one  at  noon  ;  about  i  h.  afterwards  had  an  involuntary  passage  of  urine 
and  fseccs,  or,  rather,  seemed  to  be  indifferent  in  regard  to  it,  although 
she  seemed  conscious  ;  it  was  first  discovered  by  the  nurse  from  its 
intolerable  stench.  It  was  of  a  dark  green  colour  and  of  a  tarry  consis- 
tency ;  these  were  repeated  at  intervals  of  about  i  h.  for  upwards  of 
15  h*  She  would  inquire  after  each  evacuation  If  any  of  the  internal 
structures  had  been  discharged  with  the  stool.  Although  skin  seemed 
very  cold  during  whole  of  the  time  she  was  under  influence  of  drug, 
yet  it  was  only  superficially  so.  About  6  p.m.  had  an  attack  of 
niccough,  which  lasted,  off  and  on,  for  an  h.  or  more.  About  midnight 
took  a  large  dose  of  laudanum,  which  checked  discharges  until  next  m* 


ARSENICUM. 


453 


at  6  ;  then  they  commenced  again  and  continued  at  intervals  of  about 
2  h.  all  d.  In  e.  I  was  called  to  see  her,  and  found  that  she  was  not 
at  all  anxious  about  her  condition  ;  thought  she  would  get  well,  &c., 
and  took  but  very  little  notice  of  me.  I  then  produced  profuse  perspi- 
ration by  artificial  means,  and  kept  it  up  til!  weakness  became  apparent, 
when  I  g^ave  her  some  ammonia,  and  ordered  a  cup  of  black  tea,  which 
she  took  with  great  indifference.  I  then  put  her  upon  constitutional 
treatment,  giving  her  a  number  of  difFercnt  remedies  as  they  were 
indicated  during  the  next  few  months.  There  was  a  pinched,  shrivelled 
appearance  of  the  skin,  with  great  emaciation,  which  continued  for  a 
number  of  months  in  spite  of  all  the  remedies  given  her.  After  about 
12  d.  from  time  she  stopped  taking  drug  her  bowels  became  constipated, 
and  the  tenesmus  continued  for  a  period  of  3  weeks.  Stools  for  first 
5  d,  were  soft  and  mushy,  and  in  colour  changed  from  green  to  black, 
with  an  occasional  dysenteric  stool  of  bloody  mucus.  Urine  was  passed 
involuntarily  during  whole  time  of  acute  symptoms.  There  was  an 
eruption  which  showed  itself  at  times  on  different  parts  of  the  body, 
beneath  the  skin  and  of  a  dark  red  or  purple  colour.  Food  taken  into 
the  stomach  seemed  heavy,  or  like  a  foreign  body,  and  was  not  properly 
digested.  The  patient  continued  to  improve  slowly  for  5  weeks,  with 
the  following  train  of  symptoms  present :  ungratified  thirst,  no  ability 
to  taste  food,  indigestion,  constipation,  weakness,  lassitude,  with  darting 
pains  through  cardiac  region,  &c.  Was  troubled  with  severe  attacks  of 
sick  headache,  as  often  as  twice  a  week  ;  had  leucorrhcea,  which  was 
white  in  colour,  and  very  profuse  during  the  whole  period,  but  at  the 
proper  menstrual  period  there  was  a  Tittle  sanguineous  appearance. 
This  general  debility,  mental  carelessness,  and  lassitude,  lasted  for  six 
months  or  more*     (Bee be,  loc,  cit,) 

68.  The  influence  of  ars.  iod,  in  the  first  instance  is  that  of  a 
tonic  ;  the  appetite  is  increased  ;  but  after  its  use  has  been  continued 
for  10  or  12  d.  a  degree  of  pain  is  experienced  at  the  epigastrium, 
accompanied  with  thirst,  a  dry  state  of  throat,  slight  fever,  and  some- 
times diarrhoea  and  tenesmus  ;  the  skin  also  becomes  dry,  and  the 
urinary  secretion  is  augmented  in  quantity.  If  its  use  be  prolonged 
nervous  system  is  rendered  irritable  and  restlessness  supervenes.  Never 
causes  salivation,     (A.  T.  Thompson,  Lanceiy  1838 — 39,  p.  176.) 

69.  Dr.  A.  T*  Thompson  makes  the  following  remarks  on  the 
iod.  of  ars.,  which  he  recommends  to  be  used  in  doses  of  -^  gr.,  and  in 
no  greater  than  ^rd  gr.  He  says  :  "  Its  obvious  effects  are  quickness 
and  hardness  of  the  pulse,  with  slight  fulness  of  lower  eyelids  ;  but 
generally  before  these  symptoms  of  its  influence  show  themselves  the 
disease  has  begun  to  yield,  *  .  .  The  symptoms  which  indicate 
a  necessity  for  reducing  the  dose  are,  heat  in  mouth  and  fauces,  and 
anxiety  of  prsecordia  with  pain  at  epigastrium  or  griping.  If  besides 
these  there  is  tension  with  an  uneasy  sensation  of  stiffness  around 
eyes,  and  erythema  of  face  and  throat,  or  white  tongue  with  edges  and 
tip  of  florid  hue,  and  a  quick  pulse,  the  use  of  the  medicine  should  be 
suspended  for  some  days.  If  nausea,  cough,  vertigo,  or  salivation 
supervene  it  should  be  left  off  altogether.  (Erasmus  Wilson,  Lancet^ 
1842—43,11,819.) 


454 


ARSENICUM. 


70.  Man,  act.  44,  was  exposed  to  arsenical   vapours   from  fusing  a 
mixture  of  tin  and  lead   with  arsenious  acid.     He  soon   had  extreme 
dryness  of  throaty  much  constriction  of  fauces,  and  general  uneasiness. 
He  slept  awhile,  but  on  waking  found  his  symptoms  increased ;  had 
uneasiness  of  stomach,  with  nausea,  occasional  vomiting,  colicky  feeliruj 
in  bowels,  and  dyspnoea.     These   symptoms   persisted   and    increased 
and  in  3  or  4  d,  profuse  melsena  came  on,  he   vomited  blood,  and  hifl 
sputa  were  tinged  by  it.     On    12th  d»  Dr.  Bird  found  him  with  syin*i 
ptoms  very  similar  to  those  of  fever,  but  without  cerebral  depression  or 
heaviness  ;  slcin  very  hot ;  eyes   retracted  ;  face  very   pale,  with   flus^ 
on  each  cheek  ^  tongue  furred,  with  red  streak  down  middle  and  redne« 
of  tip  *y  pulse  throbbing  and   hard  j  pain   at  scrob,   cordis  ;   last  stoofl 
pitch*like,  but  free  from   blood.     No  vomiting   for  last  few  d-      Post*^ 
portion  of  both   lungs   found  on  auscultation  to  be  affected  with  pneu- 
monia, and  lower  lobes  partially  consolidated.     On  13th  d.  the  pneu- 
monic sputa  appeared.     {Lancet^  1843 — 44,  1,  98*)  ■ 

71.  Tachenius,  breathing  incautiously  the  fumes  of  A,,  w» 
surprised  to  find  his  palate  impressed  with  a  sweet,  mild,  grateful  tasia 
such  as  he  never  experienced  before.  But  in  \  h.  he  was  attacked  witfl 
pain  and  tightness  in  stomach,  then  with  general  convulsions  (?)■ 
difficult  breathing,  an  unspeakable  sense  of  heat,  bloody  and  painful 
micturition,  and  finally  with  such  an  acute  colic  as  contracted  his  wholfl 
body  for  \  L  Ey  use  of  oleaginous  drinks  he  recovered  from  the« 
alarming  symptoms  j  but  during  all  succeeding  winter  he  had  a  Xom 
hectic  fever.     {Hippocrates  Chpnicus^  ch,  24,  p.  213.)  J 

72.  Miners,  and  other  workers  in  A.,  suffer  more  or  less  in  theiw 
health  from  the  posionous  exhalations*  The  diseases  engendered  arj 
essentially  chronic,  but  sometimes  fatal,  l^he  general  symptoms  axe 
said  to  consist  of  dyspepsia,  headache,  difficult  and  painful  urinationu 
dyspncca,  palpitation,  convulsions,  paralysis,  sometimes  dropsy.  Th^ 
local  effects  are  coryza,  nasal  ulcers,  hoarseness,  sore  throat,  red  andl 
swollen  gums  with  salivation,  and  a  whitish  line  along  edgeofgumu 
produced  by  lodgment  of  arsenical  dust.  The  skin  where  most  delicata 
is  apt  to  be  attacked  by  erythema,  and  an  itching  papular  eruptioofl 
There  is  a  constant  and  slow  fever,  with  loss  of  flesh.  (Stille,  from 
Patissier,  MaL  des  Artisans ^  p.  20*)  - 

73.  Drs.  Harting  and  Hesse,  of  Schneebcrg,  have  found  the  majoritjfl 
of  cases  of  death  among  the  miners  there  due  to  lympho-sarcoma  of  the 
lungs.     According  to  them  it  is  the  arsenical  dust  which  causes  this; 
the  metal  bemg  inhaled  in  its  nearly  insoluble  combination  with  cobalt, 
conveyed  undecomposed  to  the  bronchial  glands,  and  there  setting  up  a_ 
state   of  irri ration    which    causes    these  glands  to  swell.*       {Fitrtitm 
jahrschr,/,  gertchti,  Aled.  n.  offintL  Sanitdtswesen^  Ixxxi,  lo2,  313.)     I 

74.  A  woman,  ast.  54,  was  affected  at  various  periods  with  kncinafl 
♦  A  lady  took  ar*.  for  many  years  for  an  eruption.     Seven  months  before  d^itH 

had   violent  atfack   of  neuralgia  of  Khouldcr,   which   afterwards  extended    to  bocM 
groins,  thorax,  and  back.     This  was  relieved  for  a  time,  but  continued  with  iim« 
agonizing  severity.     Abdomen  became  enormously  tympanitic  \   paraplegia  kIqwIy 
ensued,  and  she  cfied,     ?M,  showed  general  enlargement  of  thoracic  and  abdo^^j3| 
glands,  many  of  which  had  assumed  the  non -malignant  form  of  melanosis.^^^| 
reporter  considered  this  disease  due  to  the  ars.     (GtBB>  Lanctt^  »858,  i,  6i|»)  ^^H 


ARSENICUM. 


455 


ting  erratic  pains  referred  to  the  shoulder  and  nucha,  accompanied  with 
fever.  She  left  Vienna  and  got  welK  Six  months  after  she  returned 
to  her  home  she  was  seized  with  violent  fever,  lancinating  pains 
in  head  and  shoulders,  and  subsequently  profuse  perspirations,  fol- 
lowed by  disappearance  of  the  fever.  The  lancinating  pains  dimi- 
nished, but  she  experienced  extremely  painful  sensations  of  irritation  and 
distraction  in  head.  These  returned  regularly  every  other  n.  and 
lasted  until  m.,  the  attack  always  terminating  in  abundant  sweating; 
Lancinating  pains  continued  in  shoulders^  arms,  and  epigastrium  after 
the  subsidence  of  the  attack.  There  was  complete  anorexia,  with  a 
clean  tongue.  The  room  was  coloured  with  arsenical  green.  The 
patient  was  treated  with  pot,  iod,  (gr.  1^  ter  in  die)  j  during  this 
treatment  arsenic  was  found  in  the  urine  in  such  quantity  that  its 
presence  could  be  easily  shown  by  Marsh's  test.  Lorinser,  who 
reports  the  above  and  other  cases,  calls  attention  to  the  dyspepsia,  the 
epigastric  pain,  the  peculiar  perversions  of  cutaneous  sensibility,  and  the 
headache,  as  being  most  characteristic  of  arsenical  paper  poisoning. 
{fViin,  M,  fVochenschr,^  l859,Nos.  43,  44,) 

75,  a,  A  child,  act.  3,  had  just  recovered  from  diphtheria.  Child  was 
sitting  on  a  chair  in  a  listless  state,  pale,  slight  colour  over  cheek*bones, 
lustrous  glistening  eyes,  palpebral  conjunctiva  red,  and  all  the  appear- 
ance of  a  child  which  had  been  crying.  The  head  was  on  one  side,  and 
pain  was  felt  on  raising  it  from  a  rheumatic  affection  of  the  srerno- 
mastold.  Pain  over  umbilicus  and  epigastrium  at  times  j  mouth  and 
gums  of  a  preternaturally  bright  colour,  full  of  saliva  as  from  mercury  ; 
very  slight  ulceration  on  edge  of  tongue. 

b.  At  the  inquest  on  the  death  of  the  child  (3  others  had  also  died) 
the  mother  gave  the  following  additional  symptoms  :  weakness,  head 
on  one  side — as  it  fell  down,  could  not  get  it  up,  Nc^trils  sore  and 
dark  ;  child  rubbed  and  picked  them  \  eye^  watered  much  \  complained 
of  stomach,  arms,  and  legs.  The  mother  had  smarting  of  eyes  j  daily 
pain  over  brows  for  four  months,  disappearing  in  a  week  after  removal 
of  paper ;  also  numbness  and  kind  of  cramp  in  arms  and  legs,  and 
pain  in  side.  Her  husband  had  pain  in  chest  :  after  his  work  he  felt  over- 
tired J  did  not  sleep  so  well  as  before.  When  stripping  the  room  of 
the  paper  the  mother  felt  a  heavy,  queer  sensation  in  the  throat. 

c.  Post-mortem* — Stomach  had  several  streaks  of  inflammation 
therein  ;  bowels  slightly  inflamed  „  mesentery  congested  and  inflamed,  of 
a  bright  vermilion  colour  j  mucous  membrane  thickened,  readily  rubbed 
off.     (Lancety  1862,  ii,  516,) 

76.  A  young  woman  had  been  ill  for  i  o  weeks  j  had  headache,  pain 
over  brows  ;  smarting  of  eyes  \  defective  sight ;  irritation  of  nostrils  and 
upper  lip  ;  mouth  and  gums  tender  ;  all  teeth  aching  ;  throat  dry  ; 
pain  at  pit  of  stomach,  sometimes  very  severe ;  short,  dry,  hacking 
cough  i  breathing  short  j  general  tremor ;  great  prostration  9  loss  of 
appetite.  Had  not  rested  well  for  weeks  ;  symptoms  always  worse  in 
m.,  especially  the  running  of  eyes  and  headache.  Within  these  few 
weeks  she  had  become  almost  blind  ;  could  not  see  at  all  without 
wearing  spectacles.  On  removing  the  paper  she  soon  recovered* 
{Ibid.) 


4S6 


ARSENICUM. 


77.  General  symptoms  observed  in  21  cases  of  poisoning  by  green 
wall-pigments  : — General  ill-health,  faintncss,  loss  of  appetite,  depresiJ 
sion,  irregularity  of  bowels,  coldness  of  extremities,  restless  sleep  with  J 
unpleasant  dreams  ;  patient  appears  as  if  in  a  consumption  -,  skin 
discoloured  and  becomes  pale  or  of  a  yellow  clay  colour,  and  then^ 
in  adults,  brownish  spots  appear  on  face,  and  especially  on  forehead^ 
temples,  and  cheeks  j  sometimes  urticaria  ;  in  one  case,  where  chereJ 
was  a  tendency  to  it,  ccchymosis  ;  hair  of  head  falls  off,  but  only  in 
severe  cases  ;  in  one  case  abnormalities  of  nails  j  when  there  is  much 
fevcrishness  there  is  absorption  of  fat,  but  when  there  is  no  pyrexia 
these  deposits  are  left  untouched,  or  there  is  even  a  tendency  to  grow 
fat  in  parts,  as  in  arsenic  eaters  ;  conjunctival  catarrh  and  affections  of 
eyelids  are  frequent  ;  mucous  membrane  of  mouth  either  pale  or  red 
and  inflamed,  with  increased  flow  of  saliva,  sometimes  containing  pus  \ 
not  unfrequently  chronic  inflammation  of  throaty  dryness,  tickling,  and 
hawking  up  of  viscid  or  purulent  sputa,  occasionally  streaked  with 
blood  i  sometimes  inflammation  of  pharyngeal  mucous  membrane  and 
diphtheritic  symptoms,  pain  in  swallowing;  heartburn,  sense  of  weight 
at  stomach,  eructation  of  odourless  gases,  nausea,  vomiting ;  appetite 
unaffected,  diminished,  or  entirely  lost  ;  colicky  pains  and  loud  rumb- 
lings in  intestines ;  of  the  abdominal  organs  liver  is  most  affected,  and^ 
sometimes  [there  is  slight  jaundice  j  in  one  case  the  internal  organii 
underwent  fatty  degeneration  ;  kidneys  undergo  the  same  pathological 
change  as  liver ;  painful  urination  is  characteristic,  though  not  always 
present ;  in  6  cases  out  of  8  A.  was  found  in  urine  \  the  female  sexual 
organs  are  thrown  into  sympathetic  irritation  ;  hoarseness  and  violent 
cough,  most  troublesome  at  night ;  irritability  and  loss  of  memory, 
especially  for  recent  events  ;  melancholy,  and  faintings,  often  intermit- 
tent, were  notable  symptoms ;  quiverings  of  muscles,  especially  those 
of  hands,  face,  and  tongue,  were  prominent  j  sometimes  incomplete 
paralysis  of  extremities,  preferably  the  lower  ones,  but  the  muscles 
remained  susceptible  to  electricity}  disturbances  of  sensation  usually  I 
slight,  consisting  of  formication,  numbness  of  hands  and  feet,  in  some 
cases  diminution  of  sense  of  touch  ;  hearing  often  impaired  ;  frequent 
headache  of  the  most  varied  situation  and  character  ;  sometimes  so-called 
muscular  rheumatism  j  in  mild  cases  no  pyrexia,  but  in  severe  cases 
where  more  A,  has  been  absorbed,  there  is  fever,  often  intermittent 
(even  though  there  may  have  been  no  exposure  to  malaria),  speedy 
prostration  of  strength,  and  inflammation  of  different  organs*  The 
chief  diagnostic  signs  of  this  poisoning  are,  weakness  out  of  all  propor- 
tion to  the  local  lesions,  cachectic  appearance  and  cold  extremities; 
brownish  discoloration  of  face  \  inflamed  eyelids  i  disturbances  of 
mobiHty,  especially  in  lower  limbs  j  a  burning  sensation  during  urina- 
tion i  intermittent  symptoms,  and  flying  rheumatic  pains.  (KiRCH* 
CASSER,  Viert.f*  gericht,  w.  offint,  Med,^  ix,  96,) 

78,  Symptoms  from  arsenical  papers  on  fourteen  persons* — First 
appeared  irritation  of  mucous  membrane,  causing  diarrhoea  and  vomit- 
ing, with  various  other  symptoms  of  severe  gastric  derangement,  resuldng 
in  permanent  indigestion  ;  also  incessant  severe  cold  in  head,  which  m 
one  case  lasted  for  sevt:ral  years  without  being  touched  by  any  remedy  \ 


ARSENICUM. 


457 


ulcerated  throat  with  acute  inflammation^  resembling  diphtheria  and 
quinsy  ;  severe  spasmodic  cough,  spasmodic  asthma,  bronchitis,  and 
congestion  of  lungs ;  soreness  of  mouth,  lips,  and  tongue,  which 
appeared  as  if  scalded  in  patches  -,  inflammation  of  eyes  and  lids,  con- 
junctiva being  invariably  bright  red,  in  one  case  threatening  absolute 
loss  of  sight;  congestion  and  torpidity  of  the  liver,  with  the  various 
symptoms  resulting  therefrom  ;  and  severe  bilious  and  feverish  attacks* 
There  was,  in  short,  irritation  of  every  organ.  In  many  cases,  if  not 
in  all,  the  heart's  action  was  weakened,  and  in  some  palpitation 
frequently  occurred.  There  were  pains  in  various  parts  of  body, 
especially  across  shoulders,  down  spine  and  limbs,  also  in  joints,  which 
were  often  stiff  and  swollen  ;  scaling  of  skin  and  irritating  eruptions, 
relieved  only  by  Turkish  baths.  The  effects  on  the  nervous  system 
were  most  remarkable,  producing  a  thoroughly  shattered  condition, 
great  irritability,  depression,  and  tendency  to  tears,  with  unusual  pros- 
tration of  strength.  These  latter  symptoms  were  especially  marked  in 
the  children,  and  also  in  servants  who  had  come  to  the  house  in  ordi* 
narily  good  health,  and  who  each  became  affected  by  degrees  as  described* 
The  list  also  includes  giddiness,  headache,  acute  earache,  and  neuralgia  j 
nose  bleeding  ;  frightful  dreams  ;  hysterical  attacks  ;  faintness  ;  cramps, 
I  rigor,  and  numbness  of  the  limbs  ;  rigid  spasms  and  convulsions.  The 
:  last  symptoms  developed  in  the  worst  cases  were  loss  of  memory  and 
chreatenings  of  paralysis  ;  also  spasms  with  twitchings  of  body  and 
limbs.  The  Turkish  bath  relieved,  being  used  daily,  the  brain  conges- 
tions yielding  all  the  more  readily  when  the  temperature  was  aiov^ 
140°  F.  The  inveterate  nasal  catarrh  ceased  at  once  when  the  paper 
was  removed,  and  before  using  the  baths.  {Brit.  Med.  /.,  1871,11, 
101,  392.) 

79,  ^^Sept.  20th  last  I  was  called  to  a  boy  and  girl,  act.  9  and  10, 
children  of  a  gentleman  lately  come  into  a  renovated  and  enlarged 
house.  I  found  them  suffering  from  vomiting,  tenderness  at  epigastrium, 
furred  tongue,  with  well-marked  icterus.  In  a  fortnight  they  had 
recovered.  On  Oct.  30th  I  was  summoned  to  another  boy  and  girl  in 
the  family,  but  a  little  older.  Their  symptoms  were  precisely  the  same, 
and  recovery  soon  took  place  after  a  week^s  bed,  &c.  On  Nov.  13th 
I  was  again  called  in  to  two  older  sisters,  act.  i8  and  f  6,  They,  too, 
presented  jaundice,  and  all  the  symptoms  of  the  other  four,  but  more 
acute.  Convalescence  was  established  in  a  fortnight."  On  cxamina* 
tion  arsenic  was  found  in  large  quantity  in  papers  of  dining-room  and 

Jay-room.*     (/^iV.,  June  20th,  1885J 

80.  A  few  weeks  since  I  was  consulted  by  a  woman,  xt,  40,  nurse 
in  a  family  at  Kingston-on-Thames,  She  told  me  that  soon  after 
coming  to  live  with  the  family  where  she  was  now,  about  2i  years 
since,  she  became  affected  with  attacks  of  ague,  which  have  continued 
ever  since.     The  fits  of  ague  were  generally  of  the  quotidian  type,  but 

>metimes  they  became  tertian^  and  she  had  never  been  a  week  without 
one.     All  that  time  she  had  been  subject  to  almost  constant  burning  in 

•  A.  in  wall-papers  h  not  only  (li>^scniinated  as  dust,  but  decomposition  takes 
place,  and  arseniuretted  hydrogen  by  degrees  h  produced  and  diffijsed  through  the 
aJr  (Hamborc,  Pharm.  Jcurn,^  Aug,,  1874), 


4S8 


ARSENICUM. 


epigastrium  and  frequent  attacks  of  faintncss,  often  nearly  amounting  n 
syncope.  Diarrhoea,  pain  in  bowels^  sickness  and  vomiting,  were  often' 
present.  Before  coming  to  Kingston  she  had  some  spots  of  lepra  on 
arms  ;  since  then  eruption  has  very  much  increased,  and  has  extended 
to  face.  The  room  she  has  slept  in  all  this  time  is  papered  with  an 
arsenical,  paper.  She  never  resided  in  an  aguish  district,  nor  knew  what 
ague  was  before  sleeping  in  this  room,  and  Kingston-on-Thames  is 
supposed  to  he  an  aguish  place,  (Dudgeon,  Brit  youm,  of  H^m,^x 
204.  In  Monthly  Jiom,  Rtv.^  xxv,  446,  Dr.  Tuthill  Massy  rcconb 
case  of  supposed  "jungle  fever,*' occurring  in  a  perfectly  non-malanoi 
district,  in  which  bedroom  wall -paper  was  found  highly  impregnated 
with  arsenite  of  copper.  At  p«  355  of  same  vol.  Dr.  Clarke  mentions 
an  instance  in  which  all  the  inmates  of  a  house  freely  papered  with  A. 
had  a  feverish  attack  every  6  weeks.) 

81,  A  gentleman  was  lodged  for  the  n.  in  a  room  which  he  found 
(next  m.)  papered  with  a  brilliant  green,  and  which  proved  to  be  highly 
arsenical.  A  few  m.  after  getting  into  bed  a  coldness  seized  him,  and 
increased  to  chattering  of  teeth  in  spite  of  extra  covering.  Endeavouring 
to  rise  to  get  more  he  found  he  had  not  strength  to  move  legs  and  get 
out.  Effort  produced  violent  pain  in  bowels,  as  if  someone  were  twisting 
them  as  a  towel  is  wrung  out.  This  was  followed  by  a  dreadful 
sickness ;  and  during  paroxysm  he  thinks  he  must  have  fainted,  for  he 
remembers  no  more  of  what  passed.  On  first  getting  out  of  bed  next 
m,  he  could  hardly  stand,  and  staggered  about  like  a  drunken  man 
while  dressing.  On  emerging  into  open  air,  however,  all  unplcasani 
sensations  vanished  as  if  by  magic.  (Jabez  Hogg,  Brit.  Mid,  ymm 
June  14th,  1879.  Mr,  Hogg  considers  that  arseniuretted  hydrogei 
must  have  been  at  work  here,  evolved  by  the  active  heating 
the  room  which  was  adopted  in  order  to  render  the  visitor  comfort- 
able,} 

82.  Arsenious  acid  was  subcutaneously  injected  for  psoriasis  and 
chronic  eczema,  in  doses  of  gr.  -(^  to  ^,  It  caused  the  following  sym* 
ptoms:  pulse  more  frequent  (greatest  frequency  108)  ;  temp,  raised  i 
one  case  to  lOi'S*^!  appetite  lessened;  thirst  increased;  diuresis 
feeh'ng  of  constriction  of  thorax;  nervousness;  headache;  dizziness 
nervous  cough  ;  tickling  in  larynx  ;  injection  of  conjunctivas.  All  the»e| 
except  the  increased  frequency  of  pulse,  ceased  on  lessening  or  stopping 
dose  in  I — 3  d*     [Archsv,/,  Derm.  w.  Syph,^  1869,  iii,  362.) 

Ill,  Experiments  on  animals, — 1.  Binz  and  Schulz  have  reccnti; 
shown  that  if  arsenic  acid  is  digested  for  several  h,  at  a  temp,  of  lOl 
F.  with  fresh  fibrin,  brain,  white  of  egg,  or  pancreas,  it  appears  \n  the 
dialysate  as  arsenious  acid  ;  and  after  administering  arsenious  acid  to 
animals  they  found  arsenic  acid  in  the  watery  contents  of  the  intestines, 
and,  vice  versa ^  arsenious  after  giving  arsenic  acid.  These  processes  of 
oxidation  and  reduction,  according  to  them,  take  place  in  the  glands, 
the  protoplasma  of  the  nerve-centres,  and  in  all  other  cells  in  which  the 
conditions  necessary  for  the  occurrence  of  such  actions  were  found.  hk\ 
consequence  of  this  constant  transfer  of  nascent  oxygen  within  th* 
molecules  of  the  living  albumen,  the  living  cells  burn  more  active!^ 
than    during  ordinary  tissue-changes,  and   upon  this    local   in* 


ARSENICUM.  459 

combustion  depend  all  the  manifestations  of  the  action  of  A.     (Lewin, 
ap^  cit.j  sub  voce.) 

2.  In  animals  killed  by  A.,  the  blood  is  usually  found  fluid  in  heart 
and  vessels  after  death,  but  otherwise  all  the  morbid  appearances  met 
with  on  dissection  are  confined  to  the  stomach  and  intestines.  In  many 
cases  where  death  takes  place  there  is  only  a  very  slight  degree  of 
inflammation  of  the  alimentary  canal ;  in  other  cases  the  inflammation 
is  considerable.  It  is  greatest  in  stomach  and  small  intestines,  but 
usually  extends  over  the  whole  intestine.  I  have  never  observed  in- 
flammation of  the  oesophagus.  It  is  greater  in  degree  and  more  speedy 
in  taking  place  when  arsenic  is  placed  in  a  wound  than  when  it  is 
taken  into  the  stomach.  The  inflamed  parts  are  in  general  universally 
red,  at  other  times  they  are  red  only  in  spots.  The  principal  vessels 
leading  to  the  stomach  and  intestines  are  much  dilated  and  turgid  with 
blood  ;  but  the  inflammation  is  usually  confined  to  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  these  viscera,  which  assumes  a  florid  red  colour,  becomes  soft 
and  pulpy,  and  is  separable  without  much  difficulty  from  the  cellular 
coat,  the  latter  preserving  its  natural  appearance.  In  some  instances, 
there  are  small  spots  of  extravasated  blood  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
mucous  membrane,  or  immediately  beneath  it,  and  this  occurs  inde- 
pendently of  vomiting.  I  have  never  in  any  of  my  experiments  found 
ulceration  or  sloughing  of  the  stomach  or  intestine.  (Brodie,  Physio- 
logical Researches^  p,  S6.  Boehm's  researches  {Arch,  f.  exp.  Path,^  ii, 
89)  confirm  those  of  Brodie  ;  but  he  describes  a  thick,  yellowish,  tena- 
cious exudation,  formed  entirely  of  white  corpuscles  and  constituting  a 
false  membrane,  under  which  the  mucous  membrane  is  found  dotted 
with  ecchymoses,  and  for  the  most  part  destitute  of  epithelium.  See 
iii,  8.) 

3.  Mr.  James  Blake  found  injection  into  veins  of  a  solution 
containing  15  grs.  of  ars.  of  potash  cause  speedy  and  sudden  cessation 
of  heart's  action.  On  opening  thorax  1.  side  of  heart  was  found  insen- 
sible to  galvanism  and  full  of  scarlet  blood.  Similar  results  followed 
injection  of  same  quantity  of  iodide.     {Ed.  Med,  and  Surg,  Journ.^  xli, 

335—36.) 

4.  In  an  experiment  by  MM.  Flander  and  Denger,  3  decigrammes 
of  arsenious  acid  were  introduced  under  the  skin  of  a  sheep ;  symptoms 
of  poisoning  very  soon  manifested  themselves,  and  in  5  d.  the  animal 
died.  Autopsy  showed  pleuro-pneumonia  with  efiFusion  of  r.  side. 
{Ann,  if  Hygiene  Publ.^  April,  1843,  p.  469.) 

5.  Arsenious  and  arsenic  acids  were  given  to  animals  in  small  doses, 
so  that  they  lived  from  3  to  6  d.  Liver  was  always  found  considerably 
enlarged  and  very  fatty.  Fat  was  not  diffused  through  substance  of 
organ.  In  each  acinus  three  zones  were  distinguishable, — an  external, 
pale  and  red  ;  a  middle,  dull  yellow  ;  a  central  zone,  of  comparatively 
trifling  extent,  and  appearing  as  a  reddish  poirtt.  Microscopic  examina- 
tion showed  that  it  was  in  middle  zone  that  cells  were  enlarged  and 
filled  with  fat-globules  of  various  size.  Kidneys  were  much  enlarged, 
tubuli  completely  filled  with  fat-globules,  and  wherever  epithelium  still 
existed  its  cells  also  were  full  of  similar  globules.  Muscular  fibres  of 
heart  and  diaphragm  had  also  undergone  a  fatty  change.     Epithelial 


4.6o 


ARSENICUM, 


cells  lining  glands  of  mucous  nncmbrane  were  often  enlarged,  and  some- 
times contained  a  quantity  of  fat.     When  large  doses  of  arsenious  acid  J 
were  given  to  rabbits,  so  as  to  kill  them  in  20 — 28    h,,  liver  was  found  1 
fattyy  but  fat  was  diffused  through   substance  of  organ,  so  that  change 
was  not  so  definite  as  in  more  chronic  cases.     (Sahcow^sky,  quoted  in  . 
N.  Syd.  Soc/s  Tear^baok  for  1867   from  Virchow's   ArchiVf  xxxtv,  73»| 
Giis  found  same,  with  changes  in  bones  analogous  to  those  of  chronic  1 
phosphoric  poisoning.     In  long  bones  was  a  special  thick  layer  of  bone  ^ 
between  epiphysis  and  shaft ;  shaft  also  was  thicker,  and  in  bones  such 
as  ribs  and  vertebrae  structure  was  more  dense  and  harder  to  divide  than 
in  normal  animals ;  the  new  structure  was  true  bone,  but  bone  corpus-  j 
cles  and  Haversian   canals  were  smaller  than   average.     If  doses  were  < 
increased   beyond   a   certain   point   resorption   of  bone   occurred,   and 
symptoms  of  poisoning  set   in.     Gies   does   not  accept   the   view    ofj 
increased  stimulus  being  given   to   bone  formation,  but  rather   that  of^ 
diminucion  of  tissue  change,  and  hence  increased  deposit  and  insufficient 
removal  of  organic  particles.*     Phillips.) 

6    a,  MM.  Caillot  de  Poncy  and  Ch.  Livon   have   lately  experi- 1 
mented  on  chronic  arsenical  poisoning.     The  effect  of  the  addition  of^ 
small  quantities  of  A.  to  the  diet  of  cats  was  not  at  first  to  cause  any 
disturbance  m  the  general  health  ;  indeed,  they  ate  more,  became  fat,  J 
and  seemed  generally  to  be  in  exceedingly  good  health.     After  a  time,  I 
however,  they  began  to  lose  flesh,  became  affected  with  diarrhoea,  lost 
appetite,  became  languid,  and   finally  died   in  a   state  of  ansemia  and  j 
emaciation.     At  the  necropsy  all  the  muscles,  including  the  heart,  were  J 
extremely  pale  ;  liver,  lungs,  and   kidneys  presented   all  the  naked-eye 
signs  of  fatty  degeneration  j  the   mesenteric  glands  also  were  swollen, 
and  showed  same  change — a  lesion  not  previously  observed, 

b.  Cornil  and  Brault  found,  in  acute  poisoning,  the  pulmonary 
capillaries  dilated  and  distended  with  blood,  and  the  endothelial  layers  1 
invaded  by  large  fatty  granulations.  Haemorrhages  were  seen  at  certain  « 
points,  and  many  alveoli  were  filled  by  degenerated  cells,  giving  rise  to 
the  naked-eye  appearance  of  pale  islets*  The  mesenteric  glands 
appeared  as  large  yellowish- white  masses  of  caseous  aspect.  The  micro- 
scope showed  that  the  peripheral  parts  of  the  glands  were  invaded  by 
fatty  degeneration,  which  was  not  limited  to  the  follicles.  {Brit, 
Journ.  of  Ham.y  xlii,  90.) 

7.  a.  Considerable  doses  of  A.  given   for  a  length  of  time  produce"' 
fatty  degeneration  of  the  liver  and  other  organs,  and  cause  the  glycogen 
to  disappear  from  the  liver,  so  that  puncture  of  the  fourth  ventricle  no 
longer  produces  glycosuria. 

b.  Minute  doses  appear  to  increase  rapidity  of  pulse  i  larger  doses 
diminish  pulse  and  blood-pressure.  In  frogs  the  heart  is  slowed,  and 
finally  stands  still  in  diastole.  This  stoppage  of  the  heart  appears  to  be 
due  to  paralysis  of  the  motor  ganglia,  as  the  muscular  substance  will 
still  continue  to  contract  upon  direct  irritation.  In  warm*blooded 
animals  it  appears  to  prolong  the  irritability  of  the  heart  so  that  it  wiU 

•  ^*  I  conclude  that  although  some  contradiction  exists  on  this  point  between  good 
authorities,  yet  the  balance  of  recent  evidence  points  to  lessened  excretion  and  come* 
qucut  iewcned  tissue  •change,  as  an  effect  of  A»*'  (Phillips). 


ARSENICUM. 


461 


I 


I 


Still  continue  to  beat  for  many  h,  after  the  death  of  the  animal. 
According  to  Riintzcr,  this  is  due  to  retardation  of  the  vital  processes 
in  the  mammalian  heart,  so  that  it  comes  to  resemble  that  of  a  cold- 
blooded  animal.  A.  diminishes  the  blood  pressure  from  the  beginning. 
This  appears  to  be  due  partly  to  diminished  activity  of  the  heart,  but 
chiefly  to  paralysis  of  the  splanchnics  allowing  the  abdominal  vessels  to 
dilate,     (Brunton,  Pharmacology  (1885),  sub  voce.) 

8.  Delafond  has  noted  the  almost  immediate  production  (in  less 
than  2  h.)  of  false  membranes,  sometimes  so  compact  that  they  may  be 
removed  in  one  piece,  like  a  hollow  cylinder,  on  internal  surface  of  small 
intestines  in  horses  poisoned  by  A.  {jfmer*  yourn,  of  Mid.  Sc.^  N.S., 
VI,  495.  Lolliot  noted  a  similar  ^occurrence  in  one  only  of  the  smaller 
animals  poisoned  by  him.  See  his  Etude  Pkysiohgique  de  PArs,^  1868.) 

9.  Two  cats  lapped  up  milk  vomited  by  a  patient  who  had  taken 
a  large  dose  of  A*  with  fatal  results.  One  died  in  great  sufFering  the 
following  d.  J  the  other  was  very  sick,  refused  all  food  for  7  d,,  and  became 
thoroughly  emaciated.  On  9th  d,  all  hair  came  off  save  that  on  face  j 
surface  continued  quite  bare  for  2  months  ;  hair  then  began  to  grow, 
and  in  9  months  cat  was  covered  with  a  beautiful  silky  fur,  but 
only  half  the  length  of  its  former  coat,  [Brh.  Mid.  Jmrn.^  *856, 
p.  17.) 

JO.  a.  In  frogs,  according  to  Sklarek,  in  about  5  m.  after  poisoning 
by  arsenic  acid,  the  animal  lies  flat,  with  extended  extremities  and  with- 
out breathing.  Pinching,  or  other  irritation,  excites  neither  reflex 
action  nor  voluntary  motion,  though  much  voluntary  power  remains, 
since,  on  lifting  the  animal,  or  withdrawing  a  leg,  or  turning  the  frog 
on  its  back,  it  displays  active  voluntary  movements.  In  a  short  time, 
however,  the  animal  becomes  completely  paralysed.  A.,  therefore, 
paralyses  first  sensation  and  reflex  action,  and  some  time  afterwards 
voluntary  power*  In  cold  weather  I  find  that  sensation  and  reflex 
action  persist  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  voluntary  power.  Sklarek 
attributes  the  general  paralysis  to  the  action  of  A.  on  the  cord.*  My 
own  experiments  confirm  this  statement  ^  but  they  also  show  that  A. 
is  a  paralyser  of  the  motor  and  sensory  nerves,  and  of  the  muscles  ;  in 
factj  it  is  a  protoplasmic  poison,  destroying  the  functional  activity,  first 
of  the  central  nervous  system,  next  of  the  nerves,  and  last  of  the 
muscles. 

^*  In  our  experiments  published  in  the  Journ^  of  Physiology  for 
1878,  Dr.  Murrell  and  I  found  that  A.,  like  tart,  emetic,  produced 
desquamation  in  frogs.  After  poisoning  with  only  TTj-pinr*^  ^^  ^^^ 
weight  of  the  animal,  desquamation  begins  on  the  trunk  in  about  5  h., 
on  the  legs  in  about  8  h.  The  cuticle  strips  off  in  large  pieces,  so 
readily  that  mere  handling  of  the  animal  detaches  it.  Does  A.  affect 
all  epithelial  structures  in  this  way?  1  think  so.  Miss  Nunn  has 
shown  that  it  so  affects  the  cornea ;  and  after  acute  poisoning  the 
bowels  are  found  filled  with  a  rice-water  fluid  consisting  of  epithelial 
flakes,  and  the  epithelial  cells  arc  choked  with  granules,  some  being 
in  a  state  of  advanced  fatty  degeneration  ;    and  these  changes   occur 

•  Vulpian  has  been  able  to  ascertain,  in  a  dog  which  he  had  made  to  swallow  con- 
siderable doses  of  A.,  the  existence  of  an  acute  myelitis.     (VAri.  Mcd,^  xliii,  49  ,) 


t  ARSENICUM. 

even  when  the  poi$on  is  Injected  inta  a  vein.     (Rimcer,  df*  dl., 
voce*) 

11.  An  examination  of  a  scries  of  sections  taken  from  di 
parts  of  the  body  at  different  intervals  after  the  (hypodernu'c)  inji 
of  the  poison  shows  that  the  general  ctfect   of  arsenious  add  cm  the 
epidermis  is  to  cause  a  degeneration  and  partial  solution    of  the  pfoto* 
plasm  of  the  cells,  whereby  (i)  the  whole  epidermis  becomes  looseoed 
from  the  subjacent  derm  ;   (2)   the  cells  of  the  Malpightan  become 
incoherent  so  that  the  whole  layer  collapses,  and  its  well- known  ircki* 
tectural  features  become  obscured  j    and   (3)   the  intermcdfacc  lajer 
separates   from  the  Malpighian  layer  below,  and  at    times  from  the 
corneous  layer  above.     The  corneous  and  intermediate  layers  arc  thus 
desquamated,  sometimes    separately,    sometimes — and    perhaps 
frequently — together.     In  no  case,  even    in  those  of  most  extrei 
most  lengthened  poisoning,  have   I  ever  seen    the  Malpighian  layer 
actually  cast  off  during  life ;  it  always  remains    attached    (although 
loosely)  to  the  derm,  in  a  manner  I  shall  presently  describe. 

It  is  obvious  from  the  foregoing  account  that  the  A.  first  attacks 
the  lowermost  or  innermost  portion  of  the  epiderm,  that  its  action 
advances  from  the  derm  outwards »  ...  I  have  never  observed 
any  excess  of  the  fluids  excreted  by  the  skin  generally  as  the  result  of 
arsenical  poisoning,  and  it  is  impossible  to  explain  the  changes  described 
above  as  merely  or  even  chiefly  due  to  an  excessive  discharge  of  fluids 
from  the  cutaneous  blood-vessels  or  lymphatics  loosening  and  separating 
the  cells.  All  the  facts  go  to  prove  that  the  changes  are  the 
result  of  the  A.  acting  directly  on  the  epidermic  cell,  which,  with  its 
diminished  cell-substance  and  shrunken  muscles,  presents  a  striking 
analogy  with  the  secreting  ^cells  of  a  salivary  gland  which  has  been 
stimulated  to  exhaustion  ;  and  I  shall  probably  not  go  fiar  wrong  in 
regarding  the  changes  of  the  former  as  the  consequences  of  an  action 
of  the  poison  not  wholly  unlike  an  excessive^  in  fact  a  lethal,  stimulation, 
by  which  the  destructive  changes  of  the  protoplasm  are  hurried  00 
beyond  the  reparative  power  of  the  constructive  stages.  The  stimula- 
tion  is  obviously  of  a  peculiar  kind.  One  marked  effect  of  the  stimu* 
lation  of  undifferentiated  protoplasm  is  to  forward  and  accelerate 
processes  of  growth.  I  have  looked  diligently  for  indications,  such  as 
double  nuclei,  &c.,  of  multiplications  in  the  epidermic  cells,  but  always 
in  vain*     (Nunn,  Journ.  0/  Physiology^  1878.) 

12.  On  last  d.  of  Sept.  commenced  trials.  To  four  cats  2  months 
old,  and  two  3  months  old,  were  given  dissolved  in  water  in  m,  j-  gr.  kal. 
ars.,  and  this  continued  every  d.  until  20th  Nov.  j  from  that  time  each 
cat  got  every  d,  ^  gr.  By  the  8th  Dec.  the  four  youngest  cats  were  dead. 
Beyond  mcreased  indifference  to  the  drug  dose  and  cessation  of  former 
struggling,  greater  thirst,  licking  mouth  and  urethral  orifice,  lying  close 
together  and  unwillingness  to  move  about,  a  peculiar  quietness  and 
staring  look  on  the  last  3  or  4  d.  before  death,  nothing  remarkable  was 
observed.  The  two  other  cats  got  now  irregularly  every  2  or  3  d*  each  J 
4  gr.  till  1 2th  Sept.  and  2nd  Aug.  respectively.  ■ 

L Results  of  P.M.  made  on  the  4-year  old  [J  year  ?]  cat,  I 

a.  Female,  black  and  white  striped  cat,  besides  being  well  nourished  I 


ARSENICUM. 


463 


I 


I 


showed  an  Mncommon  quantity  of  fat  under  skin,  about  heart  and 
kidneys,  in  omentum  and  mesentery.  Lungs  normally  red,  completelv 
inflated,  emphysema  the  size  of  a  pea  in  2  places  of  lower  lobe  of  !» 
lung.  Pericardial  fluid  of  normal  quantity  i  heart  very  hard  to  feeling, 
the  shape  of  a  rounded  cone  j  considerable  hypertrophy  of  1.  ventricle^ 
which  was  much  firmer  and  redder  than  r*,  which  looked  like  a  mere 
appendage  of  h,  r.  ventricle  contained  cherry  red,  thin  fluid  blood  and 
a  thick  hbroid  clot,  many  columnse  carneac  extending  far  into  pulmo- 
nary artery.  Stomach  distended  by  gas  i  just  before  pyloric  orifice  a 
circumscribed,  dark  blue,  gangrenous-looking  spot  the  size  of  a  sixpence 
— the  commencement  of  a  perforating  ulcer  ;  round  about  it  the  signs 
of  chronic  catarrh  of  stomach.  Peritoneal  covering  of  small  intestines 
injected  in  spots  ;  ileum  almost  everywhere  strongly  contracted.  In 
bladder  little  greenish-yellow,  faintly  smelling  urine,  which  contained  a 
great  quantity  of  albumen,  a  good  many  fat- corpuscles,  and  in  its 
sediment  glandular  epithelia  of  the  tubuli  uriniferi,  fibrin  cylinders,  and 
blood-corpuscles  i  reaction  neutral,  the  quantity  of  urea,  of  uric  acid, 
and  especially  of  sod.  chl.,  very  much  diminished.  The  kidneys 
about  twice  the  normal  size,  very  full  of  blood,  especially  their  cortical 
substance  which  is  brownish  red  and  tender,  and  much  increased  in 
diameter  ;  from  the  cut  surface  exudes  a  viscid  red  fluid  ;  the  pyramids 
hypersemic,  reddened  in  stripes,  the  glomeruli  very  full  ot  blood. 
Bellini's  tubules  filled  with  fibrinous  coagula  mingled  here  and  there 
with  blood-corpuscles,  (Commencement  of  2nd  stage  of  Bright's 
disease.) 

if.  Grey  and  white  striped  male  cat*  The  subcutaneous  tissue 
contains  much  less  fat  than  that  of  No.  i.  Pleural  sacs  empty,!, 
lung  normal,  upper  lobe  of  r.  lung  almost  throughout  hepatised,  when 
cut  into  exuding  bloody  frothy  fluid  (pneumonia  serosa).  In  pericar- 
dium double  the  normal  quantity  of  serum ;  1.  ventricle  dilated 
and  hypertrophied,  muscular  substance  pale.  In  stomach,  the  m.m. 
swollen  up  in  ridges,  like  a  number  of  tapeworms  ;  liver  discoloured, 
containing  much  thin  dark  blood,  unequally  hyper^mic  as  in  commen- 
cing putridity,  gall-bladder  full  of  blackish-green  fluid  bile,  the  several 
coils  of  bowel  stuck  together  and  to  abdominal  walls  by  means  of 
shghtly  plastic  thready  exudations  ;  caecum  completely  united  with  the 
subjacent  ileum  by  large  masses  of  exudation ;  m*m.  of  head  of 
csecum  near  vermiform  process,  on  a  spot  the  size  of  a  hazel  nut, 
bluish  black,  gangrenously  inflamed.  Urine  contained  fibrin  cylinders, 
fat-corpuscles  J  little  albumen,  urates  ;  kidneys  very  considerably  swollen, 
but  less  hyperajmic  than  in  the  first  cat  5  the  capsule  easily  removed  ; 
the  cortical  substance  yellow,  friable ,  the  fibrinous  exudation  per- 
meated by  fat-corpuscles,  still  more  frequently  washed  out  olf  the  tubuli, 
the  latter  to  a  great  extent  with  altered  epithelial  covering ;  the  cells 
and  epithelia  are  larger,  filled  with  fat  and  granules.  (2nd  stage  of 
Bright's  disease.) 

c»  filack,  female  cat ;  thin,  undeveloped  -,  the  eyelids  on  both  sides 
fast  closed  for  the  last  week  ;  on  forcibly  opening  them  there  gushed 
out  a  quantity  of  whitish  yellow  thick  pus  ;  the  conjunctiva  was 
injected  and  swollen,  no  pustules,  no  ulceration   of  conjunctiva  or 


464 


ARSENICUM. 


cornea  ;  lens  of  both  eyes  hard  and  opaque.  The  1.  ventricle  of  the 
heart  showed  commencing  hypertrophy*  Intestines  normal ;  the 
kidneys  were  enlarged,  somewhat  harder,  with  shiny  surface ;  the 
pyramids  contained  many  tubuli  filled  with  fibrin.  (End  of  ist  stage 
of  Bright's  disease.) 

d.  Brown  and  yellow  striped  female  cat.  The  centre  cartilage  and 
al«  nasi  covered  with  an  adherent,  viscid,  foetid,  ozaena-Iike  discharge, 
as  also  the  Schneiderian  m,m* ;  the  cartilages  of  the  alze  nasi  necrosed, 
thin  almost  to  perforation,  the  m.m.  of  J.  nostril  especially  dissolved 
into  an  ichorous  mass.  The  r,  eye  has  no  pus  on  its  conjunctiva,  but 
its  lens  is  quite  opaque.  The  m.m*  of  larynx  on  n  side  injected, 
dark  red  and  swollen,  bronchial  tubes  and  r.  lung  normal ;  in  centre  of 
upper  lobe  a  hepatized  spot  the  size  of  a  shilling,  and  in  lower  lobe 
hepatization  to  within  i"  of  anterior  border  ;  in  upper  lobe  bloody 
serum  exudes  when  cut  into.  Pericardium  conuins  4  drachm  of  fluid  j 
1.  ventricle  hypertrophied,  head  projecting  like  a  ball  from  the  highly 
developed  ventricular  septum.  Liver,  pancreas  and  spleen  normal. 
Stomach  distended  by  gas,  towards  the  cardiac  orifice  covered  with 
shining  black,  Indian-ink  looking,  adherent  pigment ;  the  pyloric  part, 
the  duodenum,  and  the  whole  of  the  remainder  of  the  alimentary  tract 
very  constricted,  empty ;  the  ileum  congested  externally  on  its  m.m.^ 
contained  some  worms  ;  the  folds  of  the  m.m.  of  the  colon  very 
swollen  ;  at  the  lower  end  of  the  csecum  there  was  a  deposit  of  ochre- 
coloured  pigment  the  size  of  a  bean,  resembling  the  metamorphosed 
blood  in  an  apoplectic  deposit.  In  the  bladder  a  little  bright  yellow 
urine,  which  contained  fat-corpuscles,  crystals  of  uric  acid,  some  crys- 
tals of  oxalate,  and  eplthelia  of  Bellini*s  tubules.  The  kidneys,  whose 
capsule  was  easily  detached,  showed  many  epithelia  in  the  process  of 
becoming  fatty,  other  tubules  without  epithelium,  but  most  of  the  tubuli 
very  dilated  so  that  granulations  appeared  on  the  surface  of  the  kidneys, 

e.  Results  of  P,M*  of  the  two  older  cats  poisoned  with  arsenic.  Dark 
grey  female  cat.  Great  increase  of  size  of  L  ventricle  of  heart,  the 
walls  of  which  were  three  times  as  thick  as  normal,  rigid,  and  dark  red. 
Kidneys  soft,  rather  anaemic,  when  cut  into  showing  yellow  stripes  and 
fat  on  the  knife  blade,  the  tubuli  very  full  of  oily  fluid  from  the  fatty 
degeneration  of  their  epithelial  lining. 

f.  Light  grey  female  cat,  f  year  old.  Hypertrophy  of  L  ventricle 
especially  noticeable  in  the  papillar  muscles  (colum,  earn,  ?).  Blood 
very  fluid,  like  cherry  water,  poor  in  solid  constituents.  Great  accumu- 
lation of  fat  in  omentum  and  mesentery  j  liver  very  large,  hardish,  pale, 
with  ununiform  hypergemia  (nutmeg  liver),  spleen  not  enlarged,  but 
tough,  granular,  cherry -red,  no  alteration  in  bowels.  A  little  greenish- 
yellow  urine  in  bladder,  urine  contained  a  little  albumen,  many  fat- 
corpuscles,  some  crystals  of  oxalate  of  Itme,  almost  no  salts  and  little 
urea,  pavement  epithelium  from  bladder  and  beautiful  fibrinous 
cylinders,  externally  studded  with  fat  and  granules.  The  kidneys, 
pretty  hard  and  dark,  double  the  normal  size,  showed  masses  of  fibrin 
round  single  tubuli  j  red  fluid  escaped  when  they  were  cut  into,  to  the 
surface  of  which  oily  patches  rose,  and  fatty  degeneration  of  th€ 
epithelia  of  the  tubules  of  Bellini,     (QuagliOj  JUg.  horn,  Ztit.y  Iv,  85.) 


• 


ARSENICUM. 


465 


I 

■ 

I 


I 


13.  a.  Dr.  A,  T.  Thomson  experimented  on  dogs  with  ars*  iod. 

Simply  introduced  into  stomach,  4 — 20  grs.  caused  speedy  vomiting, 
and  no  other  bad  symptoms.  When  oesophagus  was  tied,  3J  caused 
violent  efforts  to  vomit;  evident  pain  at  stomach  ;  fluid  stools,  chiefly 
of  mucus  ;  rapid,  sharp,  irregular  pulse  ;  spasmodic  twitchings  in 
extremities  ;  general  tremor,  evident  failure  of  muscular  power  in 
limbs.  In  20  m.,  dog  fell  on  side ;  I,  fore  and  r.  hind  leg  twitched 
continually,  while  other  two  limbs  were  at  rest ;  later,  these  and  lower 
jaw,  and  in  5  m.  more  whole  body,  were  involved  in  the  convulsive 
movement.  Respiration  became  slow  and  deep  ;  tonic  spasm  affected 
intercostal  muscles,  and  emprosthotonos  supervened,  ParaJysis  now 
appeared  in  limbs  first  affected  by  twitchings,  later  in  others.  Sensi- 
bility, unimpaired  up  to  this  time,  was  lost  (save  at  muzzle)  in  l|  h. 
In  24  h.  the  dog  was  dead.  P,M*  Lining  membrane  of  stomach  intensely 
inflamed, — this  process  extending  upwards  to  oesophagus,  downwards 
as  far  as  ileum,  and  taking  a  fresh  start  in  rectum.  Lungs  collapsed, 
but  not  inflamed  ;  both  sides  of  heart  turgid  with  coagulated  blood. 

b.  Injected  (355)  into  abdomen,  vomiting  came  on  in  10  m.  j  a  few 
seconds  before  death^  violent  spasmodic  twitchings  afl'ected  baclc.  P,M. 
Peritoneum  highly  inflamed  ;  lungs  greatly  congested  and  red  ;  r.  heart 
turgid  with  blood,  L  empty- 

c.  Injected  (3SS)  subcutaneously  into  r.  thorax,  in  5  m.  animal  fell 
on  side,  and  had  violent  tetanic  convulsions  ;  breathing  extremely  slow 
and  alto^ther  abdominal*  In  10  m.  heart's  action  still  slower  and 
intermittent ;  in  1 1  m,  forelegs  in  violent  movement,  and  whole  body 
in  tetanic  spasm  ;  in  15  m.  death,  P.M.  Lungs  collapsed,  and  heart 
and  diaphragm  insensible  to  stimuli  i  stomach  much  inflamed  and 
thickened  \  duodenum  slightly  so.     {Lancet^  18 -58 — 39,  i,  176.) 

14.  Five  grs.  of  arsenite  of  iron  were  given  to  a  full-grown  rabbit  at 
10  a.m.  At  6  p.m.  it  became  inactive  and  refused  food*  It  continued 
in  this  state  for  2  h.,  when  it  made  violent  muscular  exertions,  and  was 
evidently  gasping  for  breath,  while  it  occasionally  uttered  a  loud  tracheal 
rattle.  It  died  in  a  very  short  time.  Larynx  and  trachea,  as  far  as 
bifurcation  of  latter,  much  inflamed  j  lining  membrane  covered  with  a 
considerable  quantity  of  mucus.  R,  lung  morbidly  red  and  less  crepitant 
than  natural  ;  venous  system  gorged  with  coagulated  blood  ;  gastric 
mucous  membrane  covered  with  a  layer  of  mucus,  so  solid  as  to  adhere 
and  peel  ofl^  in  parts  with  contents  of  stomach.  Stomach  much  inflamed, 
especially  about  cardiac  end,  at  which  part  there  was  some  submucous 
extravasation.  A  second  experiment  produced  similar  results,  minus 
those  of  the  respiratory  organs.     (Brett,  Lon^,  Mid.  Gaz,y  xv,  220.) 

15.  Orfila  introduced  50—60  grs.  of  orpiment  (arsenious  sesqui- 
sulphide,  Asj  S^)  and  of  realgar  (arsenious  sulphide,  Asj  S^)  into  cellular 
tissue  of  dogs.  In  all  cases  death  ensued  in  about  2  d.,  with  signs  of 
gastro-intestinal  inflammation.  In  one  dog  there  was  endocardial 
ccchymosis,  and  in  another  redness  of  lungs*  {yourn,  di  Chim'Uy 
April,  1826.) 

16.  Wohler  and  Frerichs  gave  3  grms*  of  pure  arseniate  of  lime 
(caJcarea  arsenica)  to  a  full-grown  dog.  At  first  it  remained  quiet,  and 
after  2  h.  showed  no  distinct  symptoms  of  illness  »  next  m.  it  was  dead. 

30 


466 


ARSENICUM- 


Very  liquid  feces  had  passed  off.     Stomach  contained  about  20  grmk 
of  a  mucous,  faintly-acid  liquid,  coloured  yellow  by  bile,  with  numerous  J 
strongly-injected  spots,  and  here  and  there  ccchymoses  of  size  of  lenciLl 
Mucous  membrane  reddened  through  whole  intestinal  tract,  but  nowherri 
the  seat  of  destructive  inflammation.     (Chem,  Gazitte^  vi,  228.)  I 

ArBenicum  hydrogemsatuni*    Arsenious  trihydride,  arscniu- 

retted  hydrogen. 

I.  Proving!, — I,  Hering,   [In  his  Guiding  Symptoms^  vol.  it.  Dr. 
Hcring  has   published  the  results  of  a  proving  of  this  gas,  which  be 
speaks  of  having  made,  with  five  associates,  in    1847,     The    mode  of 
experimentation  is  not  mentioned,*     Save  in  the  case  of  himself  and  one 
other  ("F,  K,'*)  very  scanty  results  seem  to  have  been  obtained  j  and 
even  with  those  two  no  really  characteristic  effects  appear  which  have! 
not  been  observed  in  cases  of  poisoning.    Accordingly,  since  arseniurettedl 
hydrogen  is  unlikely  to  be  used  in   practice  save — as  in   Dr.  Drysdate's 
hands — for  conditions  such  as  cholera,  answering  to  its  toxic  influence, 
we  have  thought  it  sufficient  to  give  a  few  observations  of  poisoning  bv 
the  gas,  referring  the  student  desirous  of  more  minutiae  to  Dr.  Hering;^lJ 
work, — Eds.]  % 

IL  Poisonings. ^i.  In  1 8 15,  Gehlen  inhaled  a  small  quantity.  In 
I  h*  he  was  seized  with  continued  vomiting,  accompanied  by  shiverings 
and  great  weakness.  The  symptoms  continued  to  increase  till  the 
9th  d,,  when  death  supervened  amid  intolerable  sufferings.  (ORFitA, 
&p^  cit.y  sub  voce.) 

2*  Schindler,  in   3   h.   after   inhaling   half   a   cubic   inch,   became 
affected  with  giddiness  on  mounting  stairs,  and  soon  after  experienced 
sensation   of  discomfort    and    pressure    in   renal    region,  augmenting 
rapidly,  and  extending  over  back  up  to  shoulders,  without,  however, 
becoming  severe.     At  same  time,  general   shivering,  pains   in   knee- 
joints,  and   coldness   in   extremities^     On   undressing  about    10  p*m.^ 
shivering  was  so  intense  that  he  does  not  remember  having  had  any  J 
thing  like  it  j  at  same  time,  severe  pains  came  on  in  arms  and  elbovru 
similar  to  those  in  knees.     The  symptoms  now  increased  in  an  alarmingi 
manner.     Superior   extremities   up  to  middle  of  arms,  lower  up  to 
knees,  nose,   eyebrows,  were  as  dead,  the   feeling  of  life  left  them  ; 
absence  of  pulse,  but  power  of  locomotion  remained  ;    then  at  short 
intervals  violent  and  tearing  pains  supervened  in  region  of  stomach,  an«|J 
continuous    spasmodic    eructations  with    emissions   of   a  considerably 
quantity  of  inodorous  wind,  without  any  relief  from   the   abdominal 
pains,  which  caused  the  sufferer  to  groan.     He  soon  after  had  two 
vomitings  with  such   intense  colic   that  he  is   unable  to  describe  in 
words  its  violence.     He  then  thought  he  was  near  dying,  without  hope| 
of  improvement.     The  vomitings  consisted  of  a  yellowish-green  mucuS|| 
and  were  very  bitter  to  taste.     That  of  which  he  complained  most  was  a 
violent  pain  in  renal  region,  which  was  continuous,  and  accompanied 

•  ^My  experiments  with  the  ars.  hydr.  hare  shown  that  the  miinonch  of  this 
gal,  taken  by  inhalation^  caused  a  dangerous  illness,  lasting  several  ncekf/'  So 
Hering  writes  in  Metcalfs  HomatopatAic  Prmfings^  p.  ia»»  He  probably  nhn  to 
the  symptoms  of  *'  F.  K."— Eds.  m 


ARSENICQM. 


467 


with  urging  to  urinate ;  urine  was  of  dark  colour,  blackish  red  ;  it  was 

quite  pure  blood,  which  formed  clots  in  the  vessel.  At  same  time, 
patient  felt  burning  heat  in  abdomen,  with  coldness  of  extremities.  In 
a  few  hours,  his  looks  had  quite  changed  :  skin  of  whole  body  had 
become  dark  brown  ;  eyes,  with  yellowish  tinge,  were  downcast,  sunken 
in  the  orbits  and  encircled  with  a  large  blue  ring.  Face  was  drawn, 
expressing  pain.  Patient  hardly  recognisable.  Had  no  sleep  that 
night.  Before  vomiting,  he  had  taken  a  little  tea  i  later  on,  some  warm 
drinks  to  induce  perspiration.  These  had  the  effect  of  bringing  back 
to  the  dead  parts  the  feeling  of  life,  preceded  by  very  severe  tingling, 
especially  at  nose,  which  was  seat  of  violent  sneezing,  and  which  was 
so  painfully  cold  that  it  was  necessary  to  apply  warm  linen  to 
it.  All  these  symptoms  lasted  with  same  intensity  throughout  next 
d.  :  urine  was  still  like  thick  blood,  but  formed  no  more  clots, 
although  renal  pains  were  just  as  violent.  All  the  hair  on  the 
dead  parts  had  become  white  as  snow  ;  the  white  eyebrows  showed 
sharply  on  brown  skin.  Thirst  was  severe  :  patient  drank  much 
decoction  of  barley  and  other  demulcents ;  he  also  took  a  solution 
of  sulphate  of  magnesia  with  a  few  drops  of  tincture  of  opium. 
The  next  d.  (3rd)  abdominal  pains  continued  intermittently,  but  less 
violent.  Vomiting  only  once,  less  convulsive  and  less  painful  than 
before.  Vomited  matter  consisted  of  mucus  and  bile.  Renal  pains 
less  severe  ^  urine  clearer,  though  still  bloody.  Eructations  had  lessened, 
leaving  patient  often  \  h,  peace,  but  very  tiring  hiccup  had  come  on, 
which  lasted  continuously.  Had  emission  of  much  flatulence,  which 
brought  on  stool.  Blister  at  pit  of  stomach  drew  blood  of  a  dull  red 
hue.  Sleep  was  quite  absent :  patient  was  in  such  a  state  of  mental 
excitement  that  he  talked  almost  incessantly.  Weakness  considerable; 
he  could,  however,  stand  straight  without  help  and  walk  a  few  steps* 
Had  no  longer  fear  of  death,  although  those  about  him  had  little  hope. 
On  4th  d.,  same  state,  though  slightly  better,  fth  d.^  colour  of  face 
was  only  darkish  yellow.  Distorted  features,  showing  severe  internal 
sufferings.  Urine  tinged  with  blood,  colic  round  navel,  recurring  at 
long  intervals  ;  intermittent  hiccup,  lasting  an  h.  ;  eructations  less 
frequent  ^  several  stools.  Diluents,  mucilaginous  drinks.  6th  d,, 
vague  sensation,  very  trying,  as  if  he  had  a  stone  in  belly  i  patient  said 
constantly  that  his  belly  had  become  like  a  stone.  Sulphate  of  magnesia 
did  not  drive  away  this  sensation  nor  the  eructations.  Soon  patient 
wished  for  something  solid,  and  ate  a  little  rice  with  good  appetite. 
Urine  no  longer  bloody.  7th  d.,  is  better.  Face  has  become  white  ; 
appearance  good.  Eyebrows  are  beginning  to  get  to  natural  dark 
colour.  No  more  colic  j  eructations  get  less  frequent.  Has  severe 
tingling  in  feet  and  hands,  and  transient  dartings  in  arms  and  legs. 
Towards  e,,  back  pains  of  first  days  return  less  violently,  but  almost 
unbearable.  Great  weakness  •,  tendency  to  sleep,  but  sleep  not  calm, 
being  broken  at  least  noise.  During  next  n,  he  had  feeling  of  pressure 
and  giddiness  in  head,  with  tearing  sensation.  Cold  fomentations  all  n, ; 
pain  ceased  towards  m.  8th  d.,  is  better.  Slight  pressure  in  abdomen  9 
dorsal  pains  more  violent  in  c,  unbearable  during  n,  ;  complains 
bitterly  i  relieved  in  sitting  posture,  but  cannot  remain  so  long,  owing 


468 


ARSENICUM. 


CO  weakness.     Friction^  application  of  heat  is  of  no  avail.     All  next  d* 
violent  pains.     E.,  better  after  hot^milk  fomentations.     He  goes  to 
sleep,  and  next  d.  is  decidedly  better.     From  this  moment,  his  state] 
gets  more  and  more  bearable.     Strength  returns^  appetite   also,  audi 
sleep  is   refreshing ;    convalescence,  however,  is  slow,  and  he  is  only] 
well  again  after  7  weeks.     During  third  week,  a  fresh  arsenical  effect] 
was  noticed.      The  whole  foreskin  and  glans  became  covered  withl 
purulent  vesicles,  which  were  followed  by  small  circular  and  flaaenedi 
ulcerations.     The  ptient  counted  as  many  as  sixty-five  on  the  external 
part  of  the  foreskin  :  they  took  10  or  12  d.  to  heal.     There  were  no 
symptoms  left  of  this  serious  case  of  poisoning,  and  the  padent  regained 
his  former  health.     (VJrt  Medical^  xlviii,  323.) 

3.  B — ,  a;t.  22,  employed  in  a  manufactory  of  chemicals,  busied 
himself  with  experiments  relating  to  the  colouring  matter  of  aniline. 
In  one  of  these  experiments,  he   produced  a  pretty  large  quantity  of 
arsen.  hydrogen,  which   mixed  with  the  air  of  the  laboratory  (tt  was 
7  a.m.).    About  I  h.  afterwards,  B —  felt  a  rather  severe  headache  which  I 
obliged  him  to  open  the  window  for  a  short  time.     He  afterwards  went 
on  with  his  work  for  about  2  h.     At   10.30,  he  took  a  meal  without 
noticing  anything  particular.     An  h.  after,  headache  increased  ;  pains 
began  at  epigastrium,  and  then  vomiting  of  food  came  on.     Patient  had 
himself  carried  to  the   hospital.     On  the  way  he  vomited  food  three 
times.     On  arrival,  these  were  his  symptoms  :     Pale  face,  bloodless  lips, 
difficulty  of  walking,  very  intense  frontal  headache,  severe  spontaneous 
pain  in  lumbar  region  ;  feeling  of  tightness  at  base  of  chest,  quickened 
breathing  ;  no  cough,  no  riles  on  auscultation,  normal  resonance  ;  keen 
thirst ;  no  abdominal  pain  per  se^  or  on  pressure.     Cold  extremities. 
No  disturbance  of  sensorium.    Treatment:  Mustard  plasters  ;  frictions 
with  balsam  of  Fioravcnti  ;  hot-water  bottles  ;  diuretic  wine  j  ordinary 
decoction  containining  1 6  grms.  per  litre  of  acetate  of  ammonia  ;  purga- 
tive enema.     In  about  }  h.  patient  becomes  warm,  a  slight   moisture  ' 
covers  whole  body  ;  breathing  gets  easier.     Patient  still  complains,  how- 
ever, of  bruised  feeling  generally,  and  especially  of  lumbar  pains.     Motor 
power   seems   unaltered.     Pulse    ijo,  pretty  full  and    regular.     Liver 
painful  to  palpation.     Towards  5,  patient  passes  two  foetid  and  abundant 
stools  i    some  time  after,  emission  without  pain  of  about  220  grms.  of! 
red  urine,  in  which  not  a  single  globule  of  blood  \%  found  on  microscopical 
examination.     Greenish  vomiting  brought  on   by  slightest  quantity  of  * 
drink.     Towards    10.30,  headache  more   severe,  and   fiace   has   more 
animated  expression  ;  injected  conjunctiva*     Pulse  strong  and  quick. 
Embarrassed  speech,  answers  slowly.     After  being  bled  to  extent  of 
500  grms.,  an  almost  imrnediate  amelioration  followed.       Headache 
decreases,  as  also  lumbar  pain.     Breathing  20^  pulse  95.     Vomiting, 
however,  continues,  and   no  drink  can  be  ret.iincd.     At    i   a.m.   M. 
Piorry  was  called,  and  found  him  in  this  state  :  Face  reddened,  skin  hot^ 
pulse    100,    regular,    pretty    full ;    intellect    clear,  answers    rational. 
Vomiting  has  ceased.     M.  Piorry  prescribes  drink  in  large  quantities 
and  repeated  injections  into  rectum.     A  fresh  purgative  enema  at  about 
3,  then  a  bath.     Patient   feels  a  little   better  after  it,  though  still  vetj 
tired.     Next  d,   ^e  is  of  an  earthy  yellow,  skin  dry,  puUe    104.; 


ARSENICUM. 


469 


f 


I 


tongue  dry,  great  thirst ;  stupid  look  ;  there  is  posterior  pulmonary 
congestion  ;  patient  has  not  urinated.  3rd  d.^  patient  is  in  a  state  of 
drowsiness  and  apathy  ;  conjunctivae  are  again  injected  ;  urine  notably 
diminished  In  quantity,  and  still  reddish,  5th  d.,  after  a  seeming 
amelioration  of  short  duration,  general  state  gets  much  worse.  Urine 
suppressed  again  ;  tongue  and  lips  covered  with  a  fuliginous  coating  j 
skin  is  of  bronze  colour;  pulse  becomes  imperceptible,  breathing 
faster  and  embarrassed ;  intellect  gives  way.  Death  took  place 
that  e.  Autopsy  revealed  only  congestion  of  liver,  without  alteration 
of  hepatic  cells,  softening  of  spleen,  and  enlargement  of  kidneys  with  very 
marked  injection  of  the  whole  organ,  especially  in  tubular  substance, 
and  granular  state  of  cells  of  both  divisions.  (Ollivier,  Gaz,  des 
Hipitauxy  1863,) 

4.  Four  Italians  were  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  balloons  filled 
with  hydrogen,  and  for  this  they  used  an  apparatus  with  very  badly 
closing  stoppers.  July  16th,  1877,  after  having  worked  in  a  small  room 
for  5  h,,  they  all  four  in  e.  became  very  weak,  and  had  trembling  of 
limbs,  vertigo,  headache,  nausea,  and  vomiting.  Next  m.  there  was 
added  to  this  haemoglobin uria  and  jaundice.  They  were  taken  to 
Altona,  where  they  were  admitted  to  hospital  on  i8th  in  m.  Diagnosis 
of  poisoning  with  arsen.  hydrogen  was  soon  fixed  upon,  by  the  aid  of 
chemical  analysis  of  zinc  employed  in  manufacture  of  hydrogen.  We 
cannot  here  reproduce  the  separate  cases  of  the  four  patients  ;  suiEce  it 
to  relate  the  general  symptoms,  and  the  autopsy  of  one  of  them  who 
died.  Violent  vomitings  were  the  first  of  the  serious  symptoms,  which 
manifested  themselves  in  a  few  h«,  and  lasted  more  or  less  time. 
Anxiety  increased  progressively,  as  also  the  feeling  of  a  serious  illness. 
The  rapid  annihilation  of  numbers  of  red  globules  of  blood  by  the 
inhaled  gas,  and  the  consequent  retention  of  carbonic  acid,  were  made 
manifest  by  progressive  dyspnoea  and  mortal  anguish.  Breathing 
anxious,  rapid,  groaning.  Respiration  40  per  minute  j  on  3rd  d.  pulse 
increased  from  100  to  130  1  there  was  dysuria  and  h«ematuria.  Arsenic 
was  found  in  urine  ;  evacuation  by  kidneys  of  disorganised  blood-cells 
lasted  only  3  d,  in  those  who  recovered  ;  it  lasted  10  d,  in  the  one  who 
died ;  it  was  accompanied  by  an  abundant  desquamation  of  the  epithelium 
of  the  renal  tubuli,  and  by  a  small  proportion  of  albumen  and  haemo- 
globuline  in  the  urine.  There  was  also  a  little  intestinal  haemorrhage. 
Colour  of  skin  changed  with  the  changes  in  the  blood  ;  it  was  at  first 
of  a  deep  yellow,  pseudo-jaundiced,  later  of  a  greyish  yellow,  then 
cadaverous  j  there  was  at  same  time  violent  itching  ;  all  the  patients 
had  increase  of  biliary  secretion.  The  abundant  vomited  matters  were 
strongly  green  in  colour;  stools  were  largely  composed  of  bile  j  spleen 
and  liver  were  diminished  in  size  at  first,  later  hypertrophied  ;  tem- 
perature raised  in  e,  ;  uric  acid  found  in  urine  during  convalescence. 
First  three  patients  left  hospital  i  ilh,  isth,  and  19th  d.  respectively. 
The  last  died  July  26th,  without  previous  drowsiness,  from  anasmia, 
which  showed  itself  during  last  days  by  a  systolic  murmur  at  apex  ; 
from  retention  of  poison  in  body  through  stoppage  of  urinary  secretion  ^ 
from  fatty  degeneration  also  and  paralysis  of  heart.  Towards  the  end 
there  was  mortal  anguish  with  violent  pain  in  region  of  liver,  coldness 


470 


ARSENICUM. 


of  extremities,  and  urticaria.  Autopsy ;  corpse  greenish  yellow ; 
urticaria  still  recognisable  on  skin  of  abdomen.  It  is  discoloured,  and 
has  several  cadaverous  spots.  Rigidity  of  corpse  very  marked.  Colour 
of  muscles  normal.  Blood  of  large  vesssets  of  neck  is  thin,  liquid,  and 
of  dirty  cherry  colour.  In  the  two  pleurae  some  tablespoon fuls  of 
serous  fluid,  slightly  sanguinolent.  Same  fluid  in  pericardium,  50  to 
60  grms.  Heart  very  soft  >  muscle  of  a  pale  red  colour.  In  r.  ventricle, 
a  little  clear  and  liquid  blood.  L,  one  empty*  Blackish  blood  in  small 
quantity  in  r.  auricle ;  some  fibrinous  clots  adhering  to  orifice  of  vena 
cava  ;  a  little  blood  and  fibrine  in  1,  auricle ;  endocardium  pale,  valves 
normal,  acting  welL  CEdema  of  mucous  membrane  of  epiglottis,  and 
especially  of  ary-epiglottic  ligaments.  Frothy  liquid  in  trachea,  same  in 
bronchi.  Lungs  slate  coloured,  pretty  numerous  red  ecchymoses  under  1 
pleura,  especially  behind  inferior  lobes.  Lung  tissue  gorged  with  blood, 
but  permeable  to  air  throughout.  A  little  fluid  blood  in  pulmonary 
vessels.  Spleen  large,  16  centimetres  long,  10  broad  ;  surface  col  oil  red 
like  dark  lilac.  Little  blood  oozes  on  incision.  Corpuscles  of  Malpighi 
are  clearly  visible  to  naked  eye*  Size  of  liver  normal  ;  of  a  pale  brown 
colour  ;  several  small  subserous  ecchymoses  ;  in  cutting  into  vessels  a 
little  liquid  blood  flows  out.  Gall-bladder  is  gorged  with  a  liquid  as| 
thick  as  tar,  of  a  dark  green  colour.  Kidneys  are  of  normal  size.  On 
incision  they  show  a  dark  colour  j  they  contain  relatively  a  good  deal 
of  thin  blood,  which  is  of  a  dull  red.  Capsules  are  adherent ;  pelves 
are  of  a  dirty  red  colour.  On  cutting  into  pyramids,  the  naked  eye! 
perceives  red  and  detached  stripes.  On  microscopical  examination,  the 
greater  part  of  tubuli  of  pyramids  and  of  cortical  substance  are  gorged 
with  red  blood -corpuscles,  which  is  not  the  case  with  the  glomeruli. 
Stomach  empty ;  mucous  membrane  of  a  black  slate  colour,  covered 
with  a  greenish-brown  mucus.  Exterior  surface  of  intestines  likewise 
slate  coloured.  In  interior,  a  deal  of  liquid  mucus,  viscid,  strongly 
coloured  with  bile.  Mucous  membrane  of  colon  swollen,  of  a  dirty' 
reddish  brown,  strongly  hyperaemic,  as  well  as  that  of  small  intestinal 
especially  near  the  ileo-csecal  valve.  Mesenteric  glands  tumefied,  of  a 
bluish  red  on  section.  In  great  venous  trunks  of  abdomen  there  is 
a  little  reddish  and  dirty  blood.  Brain  appears  normal ;  vessels  of 
membranes  are  full  as  usual.  Cerebral  substance  shows  oedema,  and 
some  pale  dots  of  blood.  The  plexuses  are  pale  j  ventricles  arc  empty, 
[VArt  Medical^  loc.  cit.)  [Dr.  Imbert-Gourbevre,  writer  of  the 
article  in  VArt  MtdicaL  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  so  much  of  the 
foregoing,  adds  three  other  cases  of  poisoning  in  this  number,  and  five 
more  in  that  for  November  in  the  same  year  (iS/g)^  They  add 
nothing  to  the  picture  presented  in  the  foregoing  narratives.  Dr, 
Imbert-Gourbeyrc  finds  the  differentiation  between  poisoning  by 
arseniu retted  hydrogen  and  that  by  arsenic  itself  to  reside  in  the 
simultaneous  appearance,  in  the  former,  of  vomitings,  lumbar  pains, 
hematuria,  and  jaundice  (of  which  the  two  latter  are  the  most  impor- 
tant), and  the  absence  of  cramps.  The  symptoms  are  slower  in  super- 
vening, and  the  patient  is  acutely  ill  for  a  much  longer  time  before 
death  or  recovery.  He  shows  that  while  all  the  other  forms  in  whichj 
arsenic  has  been  taken  display  similar  toxic  effects,  those  of  arseniurcttcdl 


ARTEMISIA, 


471 


hydrogen  have  so  many  points  of  distinction  that  they  must  be 
separately  classed, — Eds*] 

5.  A  pupil  of  mine  for  a  long  time  breathed  arsen.  hydr.  in  his 
private  experiments,  and  in  works  where  he  superintended  gildings  and 
silvering  by  galvanism,  in  which  zinc  is  extensively  used.  It  brought 
on  a  peculiar  kind  of  epilepsy,  much  like  that  described  by  Christison, 
which  has  latterly  been  gracfually  increasing,  and  his  intellect,  which 
was  once  one  of  the  brightest,  is  now  reduced  nearly  to  fatuity. 
(Sh£Rmak,  in  Prov.  Mid.  and  Surg.  jQurn,^  1844,  p.  I.) 

Ill*  Experiments  on  animals, — i.  Hitherto,  as  in  Naunyn's  experi- 
ments (Reichart  and  Dubois^  Archtv^  1868),  no  icterus  could  be  induced 
in  animals  by  ars.  hydrogen.  Stadelmann,  by  conducting  experiments 
in  a  different  manner,  succeeded  in  setting  up  this  condition  in  nine  out 
of  eighteen  canine^  and  in  a  certain  proportion  of  feline,  subjects.  With 
rabbits  he  also  was  unsuccessful.     {Arch.f.  Exp.  Path,y  xvi,  Z2i.) 


ARTEMISIA. 

A,  JMtdftuM,  L.;  southernwood.     A.  Ahinthium^  L.;  wonnwood,     Nat.  Ord., 

Composita, 

Artemisia  Abrotanum.  I,  Pro^ings.^^i.  Dr.  A.  M.Cushing,  well,  but  sub- 
ject to  itching  papillary  eruption  on  legs,  and  of  habitually  loose  bowels,  took,  of  a 
ti net.  prepared  by  maceration  from  entire  fresh  plant,  on  Feb,  6th,  1866,  at  10.30 
p.m.,  6  drops.  In  5  m.,  head  felt  ai>  if  squeezed  on  temporal  regions.  Slight  nauseai 
much  eructation  of  flatus,  7th,  took  8  drops  at  10*35  p.m.  8th,  at  10,30  p.m.,  15 
drops.  9th^  »  p.m.,  hurried  desire  to  urinate  after  stool.  10.30  p.m.,  15  drops, 
loth^  1 1  p.m.,  20  drops.  Frightful  dream?  ;  awoke  frightened  and  trembling,  nth. 
•^Bowels  coJitive  for  third  time  in  his  lite  when  well,  a  p.m.,  15  drops.  Lame^ 
aching  pain  on  inside  of  r.  knee,  then  on  outside  of  1.  knee,  tith,  10  p.m.,  40  drops. 
Soon  after,  pain  in  L,  then  in  r.  leg  at  middle  of  tibia  i  pain  and  fulness  of  head  y 
aching  pain  in  ankles  and  feet,  worse  on  outside  of  I-  ankle.  Old  eruption  feels  sore, 
violent  pricking  itching,  eirtendin^  to  head  and  arms.  1 3th  to  ifith.^Pain  in  ankles 
and  kneei  i  feet  lame  and  paintul.  15th  and  i6th.^ — Severe  aching  pain  in  both 
axillae,  as  if  sore  wai  forming.  i6th,  tf.35  p.m.,  60  drops.  Soon  after  heard  noise 
like  humming  of  bee  ;  walked  round  room  to  find  it.  When  in  bed  it  bounded  like 
persons  talking  in  distance;  on  listening  intently  it  disappeared,  but  would  return  as 
ne  turned  his  nund  from  it.  Itching  followed,  then  dartmg  pains  in  different  parts 
of  body,  most  in  lower  lobe  of  both  lung%,  and  in  legs  below  knees,  1 7th,  6  a.m., 
urgent  desire  for  stool  j  loose  stool ;  another  at  7  a.m.  9  a.m.,  seized,  when  ridine, 
with  lameness  and  aching  of  1.  arm  above  elbow  on  outer  and  under  side ;  lame  all 
d.  17th,  10.30  p.m.,  5odrops.  tSth,  9  p.m.,  100 drops.  In  10  m.  nausea,  pricking 
pain  r.  side  of  chest,  pain  m  1.  lung,  with  weak,  numb  feeling  of  arms  and  limbs. 
19th. — Awoke  with  severe  pain  in  L  temple,  continued  all  forenoon,  with  sore  feeling 
in  all  limbs,  mostly  in  joints ;  also  in  lower  portion  of  1.  lung ;  mouth  hot  and  dry  }  fek 
sick  all  forenoon,  better  in  open  air.  In  afternoon  severe  pains  \  obliged  to  lie  down  ; 
very  sleepy i  could  not  sleep;  not  able  to  attend  to  patients.  E,,  better,  1  a»m. 
(?)  while  riding,  very  severe  pain  in  1.  arm  above  elbow.  Frightful  dreams  of  mad 
dog*,  &c.  On  waking,  very  lame,  worse  in  back  j  muscular  soreness  on  motion, 
severe  pains  in  back  ot  neck,  shoulders,  r.  side  of  chest,  and  limbs  ;  r.  hip  so  lame  a^ 
to  cause  limping  for  some  time.  Bowels  seemed  costive,  with  loose  stool.  Severe 
pain  all  d,  in  side  and  back  of  neck,  shoulders,  limbs,  back,  and  hips ;  arms  and  handi 
felt  numb.  Sensation  as  if  breathing  hot  air,  continued  1  d.  In  e.  eyes  smart,  pain 
in  I.  eye,  could  not  open  it  for  several  seconds.  Uncommonly  poor  appetite,  iist* 
— Bowels  more  costive  than  for  years.     Pain  in  base  of  both  lungs  through  d.^  with 


472 


ARTEMISIA^ 


darting  pam  in  limbs  and  ankles  ;  headache ;  pain  in  both  hips,  severe  in  r.  hip  a: 
thigh.  9.30  p»m.,  natural  stool.  10  ^»m.,  500 drops  of  tst  (aqueous)  dil.  In  50 
strange  pulling  sensation  of  muscles  of  r.  side  of  neck  beneath  angle  of  jaw,  followt 
by  amiost  intolerable  itching  of  a  com  on  second  toe  of  1,  foot.  iind. — Bow-d 
natural.  Aching  pain  all  d,  across  hips ;  kg*  and  feet  lame  and  painfiiK 
tongue  and  mouth  all  d.  E.^  nausea,  burning,  and  sourness  of  stomach*  10  p,m,, 
1000  drops  I  St  dil.  In  5  ro.  seized  with  trembling  all  over.  Nausea  and  m>ui 
eructations;  pain  just  below  heart,  followed  by  crawling  scniation  and  enictattoni| 
then  pain  and  heat  in  bowels  ism.  after  taking  med.  The  raising  of  wind  an 
trembling  continue.  Feels  too  warm  in  cool  room.  Pulse  quick  ;  wind  nishc5  out 
of  r,  ear.  j  watery  discharge  from  nose  ;  desire  to  urinate ;  pain  in  testicles  and  back. 
At  midnight  got  out  of  bed,  walked  round  room ;  bowels  bloated  so  much,  it  wa* 
difficult  to  walk  or  bend,  seems  as  If  bowels  could  be  kept  from  passing  out  at  anus 
only  by  keeping  legs  close  together.  Very  severe  itching  of  corn  on  I.  foot.  Rest- 
less sleep,  with  springing  up,  and  constant  jumping  and  thrashing  of  arms,  tyrd^ 
6  a.m.,  very  urgent  desire  for  stool ;  3  loose  stools  in  forenoon,  i  in  c.  Pain  all  d. 
shoulders,  arms,  and  hips* }  r.  knee  and  ankle  weak  -,  very  nervous ;  back  quite  Ian 
Very  sudden  pain  in  legs  5  pain  in  region  of  liver  and  kidneys  of  sick,  sore,  faint,  m- 
cxpressible  nature,  very  peculiar,  almost  amounting  to  fainting.  Unable  to  walk  on 
street.  Sleepy  all  d. ;  neat  in  stomach  j  raises  wind  tasting  of  plant.  Emptio 
nearly  all  gone.  10  p.m.,  bowels  bloated  and  painful.  Stomach  very  sour.  i4tl| 
6,^0  a,m.,  urgent  desire  for  stool ;  loose  stool.  Forenoon,  weak  and  fame  j  pain 
shoulders,  r,  hand  lame,  Poor  appetite.  During  proving,  often  drops  rcinii  uoc 
ficiously  while  driving,  a 5th. — R.  knee  lame  and  painful.  7  a.m,,  soft 
9  a.m.,  stool  with  much  straining;  sensation  as  if  it  was  large  and  indurated^  though 
quite  the  reverse.  Mouth  dry  and  sore.  z6ih. — Restless  sleep  ;  mouth  sore  and  dry*. 
6.30.  urgent  call  and  loose  stool.  Back  lame  and  painful.  Eruption  gone.  E..  ftorene^ 
of  head  of  I.  fibula,  so  severe  as  to  cause  lameness  when  walking  at  three  different  time 
17th. — Very  restless  nighty  with  heat  and  pain  at  epigastrium,  NaturaJ  stool ;  sitgh 
itching  of  limbs,  but  no  eruption.  In  forenoon,  darting  pains  in  various  pans  of  th  _ 
body,  most  severe  in  r.  arm,  above  and  near  elbow  joint.  Sore  mouth,  with  increased 
saliva,  more  in  n.  Both  legs  lame  and  painful,  from  hips  to  knees;  they  ftcl  very 
sore,  but  are  not  tender  to  touch.  Appetite  poor.  Afternoon,  pain  above  r.  clbov 
E,,  sore  pain  in  knees,  first  r.  then  1. 4  limbs  very  weak ;  r.  arm  lame  and  we 
Yawning  and  eructation  all  day.  Burning  through  r,  side  of  chest ;  difficult  breathinj 
1 1  p.m.,  severe  sore  pain  just  above  1.  elhow  ^  both  hips  and  legs  so  lame  it  was  diiT 
cult  to  walk.  Mouth  quite  sore^  confined  mostly  to  gums  near  L  upper  mala 
»8th, — Unrefrc^hing  sleep ;  on  waking,  both  arms  and  both  legs  and  fi^et  very  lame  a 
painful,  but  relieved  after  motion.  In  }  h.  r,  hand  lame  and  useless.  Chilly  tn  vet] 
warm  room,  lo  a.m.,  I.  hand  as  lame  j  he  could  not  sit  *till.  ii  a.m.,  both  kne 
lame,  j  1.30  a.m>,  ankles  and  legs  to  knees  so  painful  he  could  not  sit  still  whj 
examining  a  patient.  5  p.m.,  heavy  pain  in  lumbar  region,  extending  to  both  testicle 
£.,  both  hg^  weak,  both  hands  painful,  and  so  lame  as  hardly  to  be  u»ed.  Sormc 
of  mouth  increases,  March  1st. — Mouth  better;  pain  in  both  knees.  Hands  painfd 
and  sore  all  day;  handles  everything  with  difficulty.  Pain  in  back  and  testiclef 
2nd. — Slept  better  J  on  waking  early  <iharp  pain  tn  1.  shoulder;  in  i  h.  pain  tn  L 
elbow  and  r,  hand  j  severe  and  sore  pain  in  both  lungs,  Pain  in  1.  hypochondriac 
region,  with  eructation  of  large  quantities  oi  flatus.  Pain  in  r.  elbow  all  forenoo  ~ 
darting  pain  in  various  parts  of  body  and  limbs.  Mouth  better^  bowels  natur;i 
urine  profuse.  3rd. — On  waking  both  shoulders  very  lame  and  sore.  Feels  ai^  tt 
both  arms  were  tied  to  body.  In  }  h,  pain  is  all  in  arms  just  above  elbowi.  After* 
noon,  pain  in  back,  hips^  and  knee*.  E,,  belching  of  large  quantities  of  wind  taking 
of  salt  mackerel,  though  none  eaten  for  months;  cannot  eat  it.  Pain  in  bowel*  a5 
n.,  with  several  stools.  4th. — Joints  all  sore  and  lame.  5th  and  6th. — Improving  ; 
during  proving  lay  very  straight  in  bed  (usually  Hes  with  feet  drawn  up).  Small 
scratch  made  a  large  sore.  After  proving  old  eruption  returned,  but  not  io  severe  « 
before,  and  was  easily  cured  by  rhus  tox*  loo  and  has  not  returned,  (FabL  Ma^i, 
Horn.  Mid.  Sqc.^  iii,  19.) 

1.  Dr,  Gatchell  proved  tinct  (how  U  not  suted)  on  two  ladic*  with  f^Uowing 
results  : 

a.  In  the  6r&t, — \  h.,  numb  sensation  in  fingers ;  ^  h.j  dull  aching  in  all  linj^en  | 


ARTEMISIA. 


473 


I 


I 
I 


I  h.,  joints  stiff",  with  prickling  sensation.  Had  fugitive  pains  in  shouldeir  all  n.» 
could  not  sleep  for  them.  Next  d.  piles  appeared,  and  became  worse  as  rheumatic 
pains  abated,  with  frequent  inclination  to  stool,  hardly  anything  but  blood  being 
passed.     Prover  also  reports,— soreness  of  scalps  especially  L  side  ;  urine  scanty. 

b.  The  second  was  gloomy  and  desponding  ^  ill-natured,  irritable,  and  violent  j 
exceedingly  peeviiih,  feeling  a*  if  she  would  like  to  do  something  cruel  \  thinks  her 
brain  is  i^oftening,  having  feebleness  and  dulness  of  mind,  taciturnity,  and  no  capacity 
for  thinking.  After  ceasing  drug  was  excited,  loquacious,  like  shouting,  good* 
humoured  and  happy.  HeacT was  weak,  so  that  she  could  not  hold  it  up ;  convert- 
tion  or  mental  effort  caufied  sense  of  fatigue  in  L  brain  especially,  and  there  was  sen- 
sation of  creeping  chills  along  cerebral  surface,  with  pricking  sensation  j  also  itching 
of  scalp.  She  had  scraping  in  throat  j  gnawing  hunger,  craving  bread  and  milk,  and 
— after  ceasing  drug^buming  in  stomach  as  from  acid;  weak,  sinking  feeling  in 
bowels  and  colicky  pains  ;  darting  and  twitching  in  ovaries,  tatter  extending  to  back, 
making  it  feel  weak ;  raw  feeling  in  respiratory  tract  caused  by  cold  air,  sudden 
hoarseness,  weak  voice ;  arms  very  weak»  with  aching  from  shoulders  to  elbows;  very 
weak  and  disposed  to  lie  prone.  She  remained  very  much  relaxed  and  incapable,  with 
weak  sickly  feeling  for  many  d,,  and  internal  trembling  when  excited.  ((/.  Statts 
Mid,  and  Surg,  Journ.y  v,  191*^ 

ArtemiBia  AbaintMum.  I.  Provtngs. — 1.  Dr.  H.  P.  Gatchell  gave 
unknown  quantity  to  a  lady  of  good  health  but  nervous  temperament.  She  reports 
— great  tranquillity,  felt  soothed  as  if  going  into  a  beautiful  dream,  followed  by 
apathy,  foolisti  look,  idiotic  manner;  tremor,  then  thumping  of  heart,  felt  towards 
back;  feet  very  coldj  eructations  i  distension  of  stomach  and  abdomen  $  great  lassi- 
tude, wants  to  lie  with  head  low  |  eyelids  heavy  \  stomach  feels  cold ;  nausea ;  tongue 
protrudes  and  feels  thick,  so  that  she  cannot  speak  distinctly ;  pain  above  eyes,  which 
Itch;  dizziness  on  rising  up;  constant  desire  to  urinate;  food  lies  heavy;  darting 
pain  in  r*  ovary.  In  e,  ver)'  much  bloated;  uncomfortable  irritated  feeline  of 
stomach.  Next  d.  still  bloated ;  very  weak  ;  no  appetite,  loathes  food  j  scalded 
feeling  in  throat ;  urine  of  deep  orange  colour  and  strong  horse^likesmelL  (t/.  SiaUs 
M(d.  and  Surg.  Jour/t.,  v,  293.) 

II.  PouoMtngs. — I.  a.  The  accidents  which  arise  from  intoxication  with  absinthe 
are  above  all  derangements  of  motility.  They  are  ftPJii/K/zrW  phenomena.  Foremost 
among  them  is  epilepsy,  which,  unlike  that  incident  to  alcoholism,  belongs  to  the 
dehuty  that  is  to  say,  may  manifest  itself  after  the  first  excesses,  at  the  end  of  a  rela- 
tively short  time.  The  epilepsy  of  absinthe  differs  also  from  that  of  alcohol  in  its 
fiirm.  Whilst  the  latter  most  frequently  manifests  itself  at  a  very  advanced  stage,  and 
generally  presents  only  an  analogy  more  or  less  close  to  a  true  attack  of  epilepsy,  the 
absinthic  epilepsy,  on  the  contrary,  has  all  the  characters  of  a  genuine  and  complete 
attack.  The  patient  becomes  pale,  loses  consciousness^  falls  sometimes  with  a  cry,  the 
face  is  contorted  ;  this  is  followed  by  tonic  convulsions,  with  tetanic  rigidity  of  the 
limbs  and  trunk,  which  is  raised  up ;  then  clonic  convulsions  of  the  limbs,  the  face 
becomes  violet  and  cyanotic,  respiration  rapid,  irregular,  stertorous,  froth  from  the 
lips  sometimes  bloody  if  the  tongue  is  bitten^  at  last  a  comatose  state,  with  stertorous 
respiration,  which  lasts  a  longer  or  a  shorter  time.  After  the  person  recovers  con- 
sciousness he  seems  stupid,  dazed,  and  recollects  nothing  of  what  has  passed.  Sensi- 
bility is  very  obtuse,  and  during  the  attack  anaesthesia  is  complete.  Sometimes  the 
epilepsy  of  A,  is  not  complete,  but  consists  only  in  vertigo  or  temporary  absence  of 
mind, — as  is  seen  in  true  epilepsy.  The  third  characteristic  of  the  epilepsy  of  A.  is 
its  short  duration.  It  comes  on  violently  after  great  excesses,  and  ceases  completely 
as  long  as  the  patient  remains  sober,  but  as  soon  as  he  recommences  drinking  it 
makes  its  appearance  afresh.  There  may  be  one  attack  only,  or  severaJ  during  the  d, 
or  following  days ;  but  usually  there  are  three  or  four. 

b.  Is  this  epilepsy  of  A.  the  effect  of  acute  or  chronic  intoxication  ?  We  believe 
tbai  it  is  an  acute  symptom  which  manifests  itself  at  the  outset  of  chronic  intoxication, 
found  more  often  in  those  who  drink  to  excess  habitually;  its  appearance  is  never 
long  delayed  after  the  person  has  begun  to  drink  A.  to  excess.  After  drinking  for 
six  months  or  a  year,  some  d.  the  person  drinks  to  excess  and  the  attacks  come  on. 
Acute  alcoholic  mania  or  delirium  tremens  is  eoually  an  acute  symptom  during 
chronic  alcoholism  j  they  also  may  come  on  in  a  relatively  short  time,  while  the  epi- 
leptiform attacks  of  alcoholism  show  themselves  only  at  a  very  advanced  period. 


47+ 


ARTEMISIA. 


Persons  who  arc  attacked  bjr  the  epilepsy  of  A.  drink  8»  i«,  or  evwa  »o  glasses  of  A. 
a  d.     Others  drink  but  j  or  4,  and  yet  have  the  paroxysms. 

r,  A  circumstance  of  great  importance  is  the  predisposition*  We  find  a  lar^ 
number  of  drinkers  who  have  never  had  attacks  or  only  slight  ones.  There  are  otbtf% 
on  the  contrary,  who  arc  attacked  from  their  first  excesses, 

d,  A  large  number  of  persons,  habitually  M>ber,  on  drinking  occasionally  a  glis« 
of  A,  become  affected  with  a  kind  of  intoxication,  with  pains  in  the  head  and  «cQU^ 
tion  of  constriction  in  the  temples*  Such  persons  tolerate^  without  trouble^  a  Urger 
quantity  of  alcohol,  and  experience  no  symptoms  from  it, 

r.  Dr.  Vol  sin  says  that  the  epilepsy  produced  by  alcohol  is  usually  chajtctcfbed 
by  long  intervaU  between  the  attacks;  the  epilepsy  of  A.  by  the  very  larip-  ",rTT,i«-* 
of  attacks  in  a  very  short  space  of  time,     I  have  reported  a  case  in  which 

from  150  to  zoo  attacks  in  24.  h,     Drs.  Maice  and  Magnan  have  observed    ...    

thing.     (Challand,  itudt  sur  tAbiinthlimif  &c.,  1871.) 

a,  CI —  Louiri,  act.  31,  came  to  Bicetie,  jist  Oct.,  1863,  This  man^  who  wa*  in 
excellent  health,  had  lived  soberly  until  the  beginning  of  i86i»  at  which  rime  be 
became  a  wine-seller.  He  contracted^  about  this  time,  the  habit  of  drinking.  At 
first  he  took  wine  and  brandy ;  then  a  little  absinthe.  The  alcoholic  phenomena 
were  not  slow  to  make  their  appearance.  Giddiness  also  occurred  at  times.  Punng 
1S63  CI — ,  to  give  himself  more  strength,  partook  more  largely  of  the  abdnthe. 
The  fits  of  giddiness  became  frequent,  and,  at  some  days*  interval^  there  came  on  two 
attacks  with  sudden  loss  of  consciousness^  falling,  grimacing^  convuUion?  of  the  arms 
and  legs,  blood v  toRm  on  the  lips,  and  biting  ot  the  tongue.  One  of  these  attacks 
took  place  in  cnurch  during  a  funeral  j  the  other  occurred  on  the  stairs ;  in  both 
cases  in  a  most  unexpected  manner.  Delirium  with  terrifying  hallucinations  soon 
distressed  the  parient,  and  made  it  necessary  to  put  him  under  superviiion  at  Bicctre, 
He  arrived  there  ytst  Oct,^  1S63,  presenting  symptoms  of  acute  alcoholism.  He 
recovered  fairly  quickly,  and  at  the  end  of  a  month  he  was  allowed  to  leave.  On 
returning  home  he  quickly  betook  himself  to  his  former  habits ;  on  the  other  side 
the  alcoholic  effects  were  not  slow  in  making  their  appearance.  A  little  lartr.  after 
a  fresh  abuse  of  absinthe,  there  occurred  an  epileptic  fit  exactly  like  the  ^ 
ones.  The  patient  was  again  sent  to  Bicctre  28th  April,  1864,  where  he  ^i 
recover  himself,  until  the  beginning  of  June.  Let  out  ag;ain,  he  for  some  time 
forswore  the  absinthe,  but  he  recommenced  at  the  close  ot  each  d.  to  take  a  little 
wine  and  brandy.  His  sleep  became  bad  ;  hallucinations  showed  themselves  in  their 
usual  distressing  manner;  the  appetite  went,  masses  of  phlegm  were  expectorated 
each  m.,  and  the  limbs  trembled  and  shook.  This  state  lasted  a  months;  but  CI — . 
finding  himself  so  weak,  had  resource  once  more  to  his  favourite  liqueur.  The 
absinthe  soon  brought  on  new  fits  of  epilepsy,  Cl —  entered  Bicetre  lor  the  third 
time  5th  Dec,  1864,  At  the  time  of  his  tntty  he  still  bore  upon  his  tongue  the 
marks  of  his  teeth,  a  striking  token  of  his  last  fit. 

Such  is  this  observation,  not  to  call  it  an  experiment.  The  subject  was  a  strong 
man,  a  stranger  up  to  then  to  all  effects  of  alcohol  and  to  all  convulsive  phenomena.  He 
began  by  an  excess  of  wine  and  brandy  and  became  alcoholic  ;  then  he  applied  himself 
to  absinthe  and  became  epileptic.  With  the  first  residence  at  the  asylum  the  alcoholic 
effects  disvappeared  ^  once  out,  he  began  to  drink  again,  and  then  the  alcoholic  effects 
returned  J  he  took  abs'mthe — a  new  attack  of  epilepsy.  Again  at  the  hi^snltnl 
cessation  of  effects.  For  the  third  time,  excess  m  wine  ana  brandy,  ali 
excess  in  absinthe,  epileptic  fits  added.  The  hospital  again  and  sobriety, 
of  effects.  Could  the  effect  be  more  intimately  connected  with  the  cause  f 
not  divide  the  two  poisonings,  that  by  the  alcohol  and  that  by  the  absinthe  ? 
du  Disp,  Ha/m.,  viii,  1 16,) 

3.  A  druggist's  shopman  was  found  early  one  m,  lying  on  floor,  pcrfediy  to«eii- 
sible,  convuUed,  and  foaming  at  mouth.  I  was  sent  for,  and  found  him  no  longer 
violently  convulsed,  but  insensible  ;  jaws  clenched,  puniU  dilated,  pulse  weak,  slow, 
and  compressible.  From  time  to  time  he  uttered  incoherent  expressions,  and 
attempted  to  vomit.  Under  emetics,  stimulants,  and  internal  wanntn  he  gradiialjy 
Eccovered.  He  was  found  to  have  swallowed  Js?  of  oil  of  wormwood.  On  recovering, 
he  had  totally  forgotten  all  circumstances  connected  with  the  case.  (Wii.  Smith, 
Mtd.'Chir,  Trans,,  xlvi,  23.) 

III.  Experiment  J  on  ammali, — 1«  Essence  of  ab&inthe  produces  in  animal  s  fully 


Can  one 

(7* 


ARUM. 


475 


characterised  attacks  of  epilepsy^  with  precursory   phenomena^   and  often  accom- 
panied by  psychical  disorders  of  a  very  remarkable  kind.     (ChallanD|  op,  cit.) 

1.  Me^rs,  Magnan  and  Bonchereau  found  out  by  simple  and  decisive  experi- 
ments that  the  effects  caused  by  the  use  of  absinthe  drunk  as  a  liqueur,  epilepsy  in 
particular,  were  determined,  not  by  the  alcohol  itself,  but  chiefly  by  the  absinthe. 
The  other  plants  which  are  used  to  impart  an  aromatic  flavour  to  the  absinthe  have 
proved  themselves  harmless  in  experiments  on  animals.  It  has  not  been  the  same 
with  absinthe^  as  one  can  see  by  the  following  experiments ; — In  a  large  glass  bell 
is  put  3  saucer  filled  with  essence  of  absinthe,  of  which  the  vapours  are  exhaled  in 
the  confined  air  of  the  bell  Introduce  an  animal^  for  example,  a  guinea-pig,  and 
Igxamine  it  while  it  is  there  under  the  influence  of  the  absinthe.  The  poor  brute,  at 
Krst  surprised  by  the  smell,  stretches  out  in  all  directions  its  little  pinic  nose.  The 
■first  moments of'the new  order  of  things  do  not  appear  to  it  to  be  so  very  disagreeable  ; 
but  the  pleasure,  if  it  exists,  is  not  ot  long  duration.  The  guinea-pig,  after  having 
repeatedly  perambulated  its  gla-ss  cage,  begins  to  grow  impatient;  it  runs  with 
furious  leaps,  trying  to  find  a  way  of  escape.  It  has  had  enough  of  the  absinthe. 
But  (he  way  out  does  not  exist.  The  animal  ends  by  falling  on  its  side  ^  you  see  it 
draw  up  its  little  paws,  which  become  stiff  and  motionless.  Then  all  at  once  it 
shakes  with  convulsive  shocks.  The  pointed  nails  ot  the  guinea-pig  glide  over  the 
gla&s ;  a  frothy  slime  covers  its  &nout ;  then  the  epileptic  attack  ceases,  and  the 
animal  falls  again  inert.  Absinthe  causes  the  same  epileptic  attacks  in  cats,  dog&, 
and  rabbits.  In  a  few  minutes  the  mischief  is  done  \  the  absinthe  has  exerted  its 
poisonous  influence. 

And  the  alcohol  ?  What  part  does  it  play  under  similar  circumstances  ?  One 
can  judge  by  the  following  : — Another  guinea-pig  was,  in  its  turn,  confined  under  a 
glass  bell,  in  which  had  been  previously  placed  a  saucer  filled  with  alcohol.  At 
first  the  alcohol  fumes  excited  the  animal ;  then  the  beast  staggered  like  a  dmnken 
man ;  inactivity  followed  j   and   it   ended  by  lying  down  in  a  state  of   the  most 

f profound  indifference.     The  guinea-pig  was  simply  intoxicated  \  it  was  not  in  the 
east  epileptic. 

After  these  experiments,  then,  no  one  can  refuse  to  admit  the  convulsive  pro- 
perties of  absinthe  poisoning,  (VHom.  Milit,^  Feb.,  itto,  p*  ^s.  Boehm  and 
Kobert,  CtntralhL  f,  mid,  Wisstnsck,,,  1S79,  No»  37,  have  since  obtained  similar 
results,) 

3.  Necropsies  of  animals  poisoned  slowly  by  absinthe  reveal  strong  congestion  ot 
^brain  and  cord,  with  their  meninges.     The  hyperacmia  of  the   medulla  oblongata 
*  vas  excessive.      There  were  in    places  small  ecchymoses  on  the   gastro-intestinal 
nbrane  and  on  the  peri-  and  endo-caidium.     (Joitm,  of  Fsych,  Mtd,^  tx,  515*) 


ARUM. 

Irum  dmamoiim^  Wllld. ;  green  dragon.     A,  italicum^  Miller.     A,  nmcutatum^ 
cuckoo>plnt.     A.  triphyUum^  L. ;    Indian    turnip,   Jack-in-the-pulpit.     Nat.    Ord., 

Arum  dracuneulus.— I*  Frtnnngt, — i,  A  little  over  1  02.  of  expressed  juice 
was  mixed  with  9  oz.  pure  sacchanmi  lactis,  marked  **  matrix.*'     Of  this  a  ist  dec, 
trit»  was  prepared  in  usual  manner.     July  6th,   prover,  aet,  36,  took  10  grains  of 
1,,     At  a  p.m.,  pulse  74,  full,  soft,  and  reguhw.     In  5  m.  peculiar  acrid  sensation 
[in  mouth  and  throat,  but  not  sufficiently  marked  to  be  unpleasant.     Heart  beat  $0 
Jriolently  as  to  shake  walls  of  chest.     Pulse  80,  full,  hard,  and  somewhat  jerking. 
'1.15  p.m,,  tingling  or  slight  stinging  sensation  in  fingers  and  toes,  as  when  circula- 
tion iH  impeded.     Pulse  So,  small,  and  regular  \  artery  seems  to  roll  under  finger, 
and  require*  considerable  pressure  to  be  correctly  counted.     a»4S»  fine  tingling  sensa- 
tion all  over  r,  hand,  which  is  warmer  and  redder  than  1.  and  appears  somewhat 
swollen.     Pulse  80,  moderately  full,  and  more  regular.     7.0,  shooting  pain  In  L  ant, 
inf.  triangle  of  neck,  near  clavicle ;  aching  pain  in  1.  forearm,  1.  hand,  and  r.  humerus. 
Pulse  74,  full,  and  nearly  natural,  but  rather  weak  and  irregular*     7,10,  sharp  shoot, 
ing  pains  at  styloid  process  of  r.  ulnaj  r.  hand  still  remains  somewhat  red  and 
twollen.     Retired  to  rest  at  9  i  slept  soundly  till   7  a.m.     Head  feels  heavy  an*^ 


ARUM. 


aches  slightly^  in  occipital  and  r*   partetaJ  regions*    Throat  feels  sotnewhaf  ii»| 

rattling  of  mucus  in  larynx  at  every  full  expiraiion^  but  this  disappeare<i  iftrr 
and  moving  about.     Half  an  hour  after  breakfast  ihooting  pains  m  r.  c^- 
transient  but  frequent,  and  leave  feeling  of  fulness  and  slight  aching  in 
9  a,m.,  15  grains  of  "matrix/'     Late  and  insufficient  stool,     9.15,   cr 
flatuit  from  stomach  ^  fine  tingling  or  pricking  sensation  in  hands  and  fet:t. 
r.  J  shooting  pain  down  r.  thigh  \  fluj^hlng  of  hands  and  face ;  hearths  action  incrti^d 
but  not  as  violent  as  after  taking  i,  yesterday  \  aching  in  r.  humerus.     9.:;ff,  copio 
semifluid  stool,  with  much  flatus ;  eructations  tasting  of  medicine  ,  small  za:c         ' 
of  mucus  in  throat,  the  rai^ng  of  which,  by  coughing^  produces  slight  mut 
in  larynx  i  disposition  to  swallow,  arising  from  excc^  of  mucus,  but  no  Lnij.ut^^ 
acrid  sensation  in  throat,  as  he  had  expected.     10  a^m,,  pulse   74^  fdU^  $oft, 
regular.     Feeling  of  xvarmth  and  fiilness  in  \,  middle  ear,  similar  to  what  %rai  fitlt  \ 
8  in  r.»  but  no  shooting  pains;  probably  this  symptom  arises  from  accumulation  1 
mucus  in  1.  Eustachian  tube,     tcio^  ear  symptom  has  changed  sidci* ;  warnuli 
fulness  now  in  r*  car  \  L  ear  normal.     Disposition  to  swallow  has  subsided,  1 
slight  ancasinejis  in  throat,  and  disposition  ro  cough.     Act  of  swaHovs-in^ 
slight  soreness  in  muscles  of  throat*  and  renews  temporarily  the  feeling  ot  warmcl 
and  fulness  in  ears,  sometime!^  in  one  and  sometimes  in  oth«r,  seldom  in  both  at  ont^ 
"  I  am  satisfied  that  throat  and  car  symptoms,  with  exception  of  soreness,  arc  owing  1 
excess  of  mucus  in  throaty  larynx,  and  Eustachian  tubes."     3  p.m.,  increased  sorcnc 
of  larynx,  and  greater  disposition  to  cough  ;  burning  o^  soles  of  feet  j  heat*  dryness, 
and  smarting  of  eyelids ;  fine  shooting   pain  in  course  of  1.  spermatic  cord.     5.0, 
pretematuraT  heat  in  palms  of  hands;  loose  cough,  with  soreness  of  throat,  c1o««JyJ 
simulating  mild  attact  of  catarrhal  angina;  soreness  not  very  marked,  except  during 
deglutition  j  feeling  of  dryness  and  smarting  in  throat,  kind  of  rawness,  with  >cil^ 
of  fulness,  not  really  painful,  but  sufficiently  annoying  to  attract  constant  attentionJ 
and  protlucing  continual  disposition  to  clear  throat  by  swallowing,  coughing,  01 ' 
hawking,     9,30,  retired  to  bed  and  slept  well  first  part  of  n.,  but  awoke  about  mid. 
night  with  great  oppression  of  breathing,  kind  of  asthmatic  attack,  which,  however^, 
soon  passed  off,  leaving  considerable  rattling  of  mucus  in  larynx  and  upper  part  oil 
"  trachea.     Noticed  that  rawness  in  throat  and   soreness  in  laryngeal  region^  which  J 
were  present  on  retiring,  had  almost  entirely  disappeared.     Slept  badly  rest  of  n.     In 
m.  raised  by  coughing  small  amount  of  mucus.     No  rattling  of  mucus  at  this  h. 
(7  a.m.)  except  by  forced  txpirationi ;   undue  secretion  is  now  limited  to  larvnx, 
but  can  be  distinctly  heard  whenever  expirations  arc  prolonged,     8th,  %  a,m.,  natural 
motion  of  bowels;  no  flatulence.     9.0,   30  grains  of  **  matrix,*'     lo.o,  occasiomlj 
emissions  of  flatus  from  stomach  \  ear  sypptoms  as  before  noted,  but  not  to  marked  |1 
6ne  pricking  and  tingling  sensations  in  feet  and  hands  for  last  }  h,,  began  in  r«  foot|  I 
and  afterwards  aflFected  in  regular  succession  r,  hand,  1.  foot,  and  1.  hand  ;  oceasionaj  ] 
shooting  pains  have  occurred  during  same  time  in  following  order  i — r  maJar  region, 
f,  external  malleolus^  thenar  eminence  of  r,  thumb,  I  malar  region.     Puke  J4,  small  1 
and  somewhat  irregular.     Occasional  ivhooting  and  aching  pains  along  r.  humerus 
and  r,  thumb.     10.30,  aching  pain  behind  r.  ear,  also  in  r,  shoulder  \  slight  aching 
pain  in  pr^ecordial  region  and  down  1.  arm;  also  in  r,  forearm  and  over  I.  eye:  thc%e| 
pains  are  all  very  transient.     11,0,  pain  in  bowels  caused  by  incarceration  of  Batumi] 
escape  of  flatus  from  stomach  and  bowel.>,     13.0,  aching  pain  along  outer  aspect  of] 
L  foot,  immediately  followed  by   similar  pain  in  corresponding  part  of  L  hand  1 1 
shooting  and  aching  pains  in  1.   brachial  plexus  of  ner\'es.»     11.30,  pulse  74,  full,  J 

*  '^  Most  arum  pains  are  observed  to  be  very  transient  in  any  one  part,  and  to 
course  along  the  extremities,  sometimes  in  one  direction,  sometimes  in  opposite  one* J 
they  are  not  very  sharp,  and  are  generally  intermediate  in  character  between  achingJ 
and  shooting.     Those  in  the  nervous  trunks  partake  more  of  shooting  character^  but! 
always  leave  aching  sensation  behind  them.     Have  not  been  entirely  (itc  from  these] 
pains  longer  than  a  few  m,  at  a  time,  for  more  than  a  h.,  having  noted  down  onM 
the  most  prominent.     At  first  they  were  almost  entirely  confined  to  r.  ^de ;  now! 
they  arc  limited  chiefly  to  1.     I  have  just  had  one  of  these  characteristic  pains  In  L 
side  of  head ;  it  began   in  1.  occipital  region,   gradually  subsided,  and   reappeared 
successively  in  1.  temporal  and  1.  frontal  regions.     This  remedy  acts  primaiity  and 
pre-eminently  upon  nervous  system,  and  through  it  upon  circularion.** 


ARUM. 


+77 


^ 


soft,  and  slightly  irregular.  4  p^m.,  irresistible  desire  to  pass  uriQe^  which  is  dimi* 
nished  in  quantity,  very  high  coloured,  and  has  a  burnmg  or  smarting  effect  on 
urethra,  6,0,  Great  languor  and  depression  of  spirits  ;  dull,  heavy  aching  in  chest,- 
sinking  teelin?  at  pit  uf  stomach  ;  aching  along  spine,  particularly  between  shoulder- 
blades  and  in  lumbar  region  j  great  wcaltness  across  loins  j  feeling  of  extreme  pros- 
tration. Urine  subsequently  passed  normal  in  amount  and  character.  Symptoms 
last-mentioned  continued  to  increase  until  exhaustion  compelled  him  to  retire  early 
(8  p.m.).  At  this  time  slight  per&piration  on  neck,  and  breast,  the  tirst  during 
proving.  9th, — Awoke  at  d  a.m.  greatly  rcfre-ihed.  Found  himself  quite  hoarse ; 
expectorated  ^mall  quantity  of  thick  mucus;  throat  raw  and  tender;  rattling  of 
mucus  in  larynx  during  expiration^  but  which  ceased  on  rising,  except  when  expira- 
tions were  prolonged  by  voluntary  effort.  Conjunctivx  highly  injected ;  lids  dry, 
itiff",  slightly  agglutinated  at  their  edges,  which  burn  and  smart.  Proving  was  con- 
tinued through  month,  with  development  of  but  few  additional  symptoms.  BoweU 
somewhat  irregulari  at  one  time  slightly  constipated,  at  another  somewhat  loose,  but 
never  any  decided  diarrhoea.  Paroxysms  of  dyspnoea  would  sometimes  occur,  with 
much  aching  in  chest,  and  always  associated  with  considerable  secretion  ot  mucui  in 
larynx  and  trachea.  On  10th,  and  also  on  lyth,  shooting  pains  in  r.  car,  sometimes 
very  severe.  On  a  3rd,  an  aphthous  ulcer  appeared  on  tongue,  and  on  following  d. 
mouth  and  throat  became  so  *tore  that  proving  had  to  be  discontinued.  It  was 
resumed «  however,  on  15th  by  taking  Jj  of  *' matrix  j"  this  produced  a  violent 
asthmatic  attack  at  n,,  and  lighter  ones  on  each  succeeding  n.  for  about  a  week, 
when  they  left  altogether,  but  "there  is  still  (Aug.  ist)  an  annoying  cough,  and  a 
mucous  rattling  in  the  larynx,  which  indicate  that  this  will  prove  a  valuable  remedy 
in  laryngeal,  bronchial,  and  pulmonary  complaints.**  Aug.  ist.^ — 5j  of  *'  matrix.' * 
Immediate  effects  similar  to  those  already  detailed.  3rd. — Deep  shooting  pains  in  r. 
car;  cough  from  laryngeal  irritation,  worse  at  n.  and  when  lying  down;  constant 
rawness  of  throat,  hoarseness,  and  rattling  of  mucus  in  larynx.  4.th. — Similar 
symptoms,  shooting  pains  in  r,  ear  occurring  frequently,  and  continuing  sometimes 
10  or  15  m.  5th. — Similar  symptoms,  ear  pains  still  persistent.  6th. — Symptoms 
continue  as  before,  with  occasional  shooting  pains  also  in  I.  ear.  7th. — No  change  in 
symptoms,  except  three  copious  bilious  passages  from  boweli,  attended  with  aching 
in  abdomen  and  burning  in  rectum.  8th. — ^Bilious  diarrhoea,  borborygmus,  and 
escape  of  much  Batus  from  bowels,  oth. — Bowels  regular  j  slight  burning  in  urethra 
after  micturition,  nth. — No  marked  change  in  symptoms  until  last  n.  j  coughed  all 
n. ;  in  m.  had  very  bad  taste  in  mouth ;  tongue  and  mouth  coated  with  foul,  slimy 
mucus,  having  putrid  taste  ;  but  the  most  important  symptom  wa*  a  puruUnt  txptc* 
toratiQny  consisting  of  tkkk^  kea'vyy  yello'wish-'wkiie  pm.  i6th. — Since  lath  have 
continued  to  raise  this  purulent  secretion  from  larynx  in  large  quantities.  Last  n, 
was  so  annoyed  by  gravity  and  peniistence  of  laryngeal  symptoms — violent  cough, 
hoarseness,  rawness  of  throat,  and  profuse  purulent  expectoration,  which  greatly 
alarmed  his  wife,  that  he  took  a  dose  of  Spongia  3X,  which  so  far  relieved  as  to 
tecure  a  good  night^s  rest,  the  first  he  had  had  since  lith.  I7th.^ — Frequent  copious 
emissions  of  limpid  urine.  i8th.^ — Inclination  to  urinate  every  h.  or  so  during  d. ; 
urine  increased  to  4  or  5  times  normal  amount  \  tenderness  and  slight  smarting  or 
burning  of  orifice  of  urethra,  e&pedally  during  micturition.  Eruption  of  pimples, 
species  of  lichen,  on  nose  ;  and  patches  of  urticaria  on  r.  arm  near  elbow.  During 
proving,  /.r.  for  last  4  or  5  weeks,  have  been  entirely  irtt  from  an  intolerable  itching 
of  scrotum — a  chronic  pruritus^-of  ten  or  twelve  years'  standing.  Have  also  noticed 
during  this  time  great  diminution,  and  most  of  time  an  entire  absence  of,  sexual 
desire,  penis  flaccid  and  relaxed.  This  condition  of  generative  organs  and  a  slight 
laryngeal  irritation  are  the  only  pathogenetic  symptoms  remaining  at  this  date  (Aug. 
iind),     (C.  P,  Hart,  M.D,,'>^m/r.  Ob$.,  1875.) 

II.  Pmoningi. — ^1.  After  having  cut  and  pounded  the  A.  drac.  Dr.  Demeure  felt 
rery  soon  prickings  in  fingers  of  r.  hand,  as  from  thorns  j  immediately  after  sensa- 
tion as  if  he  had  put  his  hand  into  nettles  1  and,  in  rubbing  fingers  one  against  the 
other,  sensation  as  if  he  had  a  number  of  small  needles  stuck  upright  there.  Some  h. 
later,  twice,  at  a  brief  imer\'al,  pain  in  r.  index  finger  as  if  strongly  twisted  round  j 
ityptic  and  metallic  taste,  with  bittemcfs  at  back  of  mouth.     (Journ,  de  Ut  Sot*  Gall,^ 


478 


ARUM. 


Amm  m  Ami  latum.     L  Pro^ttgs, — i,  HxBlNC.     (No  Inform  atlon  about 

but  stated  {Gutding  Symptoms^  sub  voce)  to  have  been  made  on  three  prnrcT^. 
good  observers.'')     Blood  from  gums  when  kiising,  immediately.      D  ^luti- 

tion  as  though  the  soil  palate  came  **down/*     Very  monosyllabic,  slec;  mncr, 

so  that  he  closes  his  eyes,     OppreSMon  in  abdomen  as  in    great  anxiety  iind  tm, 
without  palpitation  of  heart ;  rises  up  afterwards  into  che«t,  so  that  (with  hot  mpi 
tion%)  he  feels  an  oppression  all  over  chest;  it  then  rises  into  throat,  just  like  a  prev^i 
tfom  without  inwards,  in  palate  behind  over  larynx,  provoking  deglutition,  but  rcnde/in| 
it  difficult;    altcrwards  it  feels  too  narrow.     Violent  paintul   pre^i^urv  on  a  spot 
abdomen  favtwixt  navel  and  top  of  hip,  especially  when  standing,  when  lying  on  tide 
back,  most  when  he  makes  the  chest  very  full  or  stretched  the  abdominal  mi 
external  pressure  is  painful  also.     Pressure  in  throat  which  provokes  swatlowr 
it  feels  too  narrow,  renders  swallowing  difficult  as  if  something  were  swollen  o 
side  above  the  larynx.     Slight  pressure  in  1.  temple.     Pressure  under  ears  behiQ( 
When  he  presides  with  the  hnger  on  1.  side  of  throat  near  the  trachea  b«Iow  the 
it  is  painful.     In  m.  after  a  meal,  emptiness  of  abdomen  as  from  vomiting,     Drow: 
nesSf   scarcely  repressible,   especially  i    h.  after  dinner^  falls  asleep  with   rtd 
General  great  exhaustion.     Urine  watery,  clear,  smells  of  burnt  bom  \  after  standi 
a  cloud  in  the  middle,     {^Archi*v^  xiij^  i,  169.) 

II.  Foisoningt, — 1«  a^  A.  maculatum  contains  numerous  raphidian  cells.     A 
chewing  a  young  stalk  for  a  few  seconds,  a  y^ry  intense  pricking  stinging  paia 
felt  upon  the  tongue  and  mucous  membrane  of  the  lips  and  throat,  accompanied  wii 
a  flow  of  saliva  which  seemed  to  relieve  the  pain  a  little  :  the  pains  were  1^^  if  1^ 
little  needles  had  been  run  into  the  tongue  and  lips.     A  friend»  who  fo! 
example,  had,  in  addition  to  these  symptoms,  constriction  and  burning  in  th 
his  ton^e  was  swollen,  and  its  papillae  tnjeaed  and  raised.    The  mucous  nicmbi^; 
of  the  hps  and  throat  appeared  indamed  ;  the  pains  on  tongue  and  tips  were  incrrasi 
by  pressure  with  the  teeth. 

b.  In  1  or  3  cases  the  leaves  have  been  eaten  by  children,  and  have  produced  y\ 
distressing  effects.     In  one  instance  3  children  partook  of  them  ;  their  tongues  bccii 
swollen,  so  as  to  render  swallowing  difficult,  and  convulsions  followed  \   i  died  in  1 
and  another  in  16  d.;  the  third  recovered,     {British  Pomnms  Plattts^  by  C.  and 
Johnson,  p.  46,) 

».  Edward  V — ,  «t.  43,  labouring  man,  suffering  from  tapeworm,  to  cure  him«el 
picked  a  leaf  of  A.  maculatum  and  chewed  up  the  stalk  and  swallowed  it, 
immediately  experienced  burning  hot  pricking  sensation  in  tongue,  throar,  and  oes* 
phagus,  and  intense  pain  at  epigastrium.     Tongue  became  immensely  swollen,  ij 
saliva  ran  out  of  his  mouth  *'  like  water,"     About  a  m.  after  he  vomited  and  broug 
up  stalk  again,     Felt  somewhat  easier  after  this,  but  burning-hot  pricking  sensatio 
and  swollen  state  of  tongue  continued  for  a  d.  or  so.     Appetite  did  not  retum  T 
some  little  time.     Patient  recovered  without  medical  assistance,  but  says  he  wUi  1 
try  to  **  doctor  **  himself  again.     (Steele,  Lancet^  187a,  ii,  530.) 

A.  tripbyUuxn.  I.  Pro'vings.^i,  Rev,  G.  E.  Gramm,  aet.  42,  took  3  drop 
of  3rd  dil.,  Nov,  nth,  1865,  at  noon*  At  1,30  p,m,  pressing  pain  in  r.  forehead,  i 
1  same  pain  in  r.  eye,  at  2.30  in  r.  shoulder  and  between  scapulse.  At  4  repeate 
dose,  and  again  at  9 ;  at  10  low  spirits  and  lassitude  j  sleep  at  n.  restless,  with  neav 
ness  of  head.  On  nth,  at  7  a.m.,  urgent  deisire  for  stool,  obliging  him  to  get  tip 
stool  watery,  dark  brown;  no  appetite  for  middaj^  meal;  slight  cutting  pain  in  abdd 
men  ;  water)'  brown  diarrhoea,  with  eructation  of  food ;  burning  at  anus.  Oq  I4tr 
no  stool ;  feels  somewhat  better. 

Next  d»,  and  subsequently  after  taking  single  doses  of  higher  dilutions  ()o-^3< 
provcr  had  catarrhal  symptoms  of  throat  and  larynx  j  but  as,  after  preaching, 
always  had  hoarseness,  roughness  in  throat,  and  fluent  coryza,  these  parts  cannot 
regarded  as  healthy  with  him,     {Hakn,  Monthly^  ii,  459,) 

2,  Mr*  H—,  set,  46,  perfectly  healthy,  took  5  drops  of  3rd  on  tongue.  Next  d- 
had  fluent  coryza,  with  frequent  sneeiing,  and  there  followed  all  the  symptoms  of  in 
acute  catarrh,  with  soreness  and  burning  in  mouth  and  throat,  culminating  in  hoaj<sc- 
ness  and  soreness  of  lungs.  He  was  not  well  again  for  a  fortnight.  [So  severe  and 
prolonged  an  attack  is  unlike  medicinal  disease,  and  seems  more  probably  the  result 
o f  atmosph eri c  causes. — Eds.]     {Ibid, ) 

3.  Mrs.  M — ,  act.  40,  predisposed  to  throat  affections.     On  Sept.  a4thf  i866|  took 


ASAFCETIDA. 


479 


same  dose.  15th. — Much  watery  discharge  from  nose  j  constriction  of  throat  j  mouth 
very  dry  ;  cold  running  over  body  at  n,  16th* — In  m.,  while  getting  awake,  cramp 
in  r,  leg;  dull  pressing  headache^  better  after  dinner;  still  fluent  cory^a  and  frequent 
sneezing,  lyth. — Cramps  as  yesterday,  and  cor)'za.  JtSth, — Head  dull,  full,  without 
pain  ;  eyes  cloudy,  iSth, — Woke  at  4  a.m.  with  constriction  in  throat ;  headache, 
better  after  breakfast ;  nose  water)^ ;  soft  stool,  with  tenesmus.  50th. — Feels  better. 
(Jhid.)     [This  proving  also  is  given  with  reserve. — Eds,] 

4<  Dr.  Jeanes  reports  **  smarting  of  anterior  dorsum  of  tongue,  without  taftCing 
root,  merely  from  odour,"  and  (without  further  information)  the  following  symptoms  : 
^-dizziness  and  fulness  of  head,  with  absence  of  mind  and  forgetfulness  j  pain  in  region 
of  atlas  and  axis,  extending  to  r.  j  pain  in  r.  hip,  under  trochanter,  also  in  middle  of 
1,  tibia,  where  there  has  been  a  discoloured  spot  on  skin  some  years ;  smarting  of 
eyes ;  pain  in  temples ;  stinging  pricking  in  soles  of  feet,  and  tickling  itching  in 
centre  of  r.  sole ;  raw  feeling  at  root  of  tongue  and  in  palate  j  dimness  of  sight,  as  if 
veil  were  drawn  before  eyes,  without  pain  or  giddincj^s  ♦  spectacles  do  not  assist  vision  ; 
pain  and  soreness  to  touch  of  scalp  on  vertex  \  evening  drowsiness.     {Ibid.) 


ASAFCETIDA. 

Fifula  Asafoitida^  L.     Nat.  Ord,,  UmbMjlerjt,    The  gum-resin^  obtained  by 
incision  from  the  living  root,  is  the  part  employed. 


rl*  Froviagf, — 1.  Franz.  [This  is  a  pathogenesis  consisting  of  symptoms  from 
Hahnemann,  Gross,  Gutmann,  Stapt,  and  Franz  himself.  Their  contributions, 
however,  are  not  distinguished,  and  no  information  is  given  as  to  how  the  drug  was 
taken. — Eds.] 

Immediately,  tensive  shooting  in  r.  upper  arm,  from  above  out  at  inner  side. 
Aher  J  h*,  weakness  in  head.  Superficial  twitching  on  inner  side  of  1.  thigh.  After 
I  h.,  pressure  in  r.  side  of  face  from  within  outwards.  Pressivc  shooting  pain  in  r, 
lower  ribs,  extending  to  flank  of  that  side.  Attacks  of  slight  pinching  in  hypo- 
gastrium.  Drawing  preasive  pain  with  tightness  of  chest.  Slight  twitching  in  r, 
big  toe.  After  J  h.,  obtuse  pressure  in  sternum  5  going  ofl'  on  in-  and  tx-piration, 
but  returning  while  writing.  After  i  h.,  pressure  externally  in  forehead.  In  region 
of  eyebrow  cramp-Hkc  drawing  across.     Pinching  in  bowels  with  discharge  of  flatus. 

■  Obtuse  shooting  m  L  shoulder.  Twitching  in  1,  shoulder.  Boring  pressure  on  inner 
side  of  1.  forearm,  from  within  outwards*  Pressive  pain  under  r.  calf,  goen  ott  on 
walking.  After  ij  h.,  pressure  in  r,  temple.  After  ij  h.,  painless  rumbling  in 
bowels.  Arter  ij  h.,  pressivc  pain  in  r,  side  of  forehead,  from  within  outwards. 
After  a  h»,  sharp  shooting  near  penis  In  pubes.  Fine  burning  stitches  in  and 
behind  r.  scapula,  towards  ribs.  Pressure  in  r.  side  of  nape.  Fine  tensive  stitches  in 
r,  shoulder.joint  towards  inside.  Quivering  in  deltoid.  Pressure  on  outer  side  of  1. 
forearm.  Twitching  of  muscles  of  I.  thigh.  Sharp  outward  shooting  in  r.  tibia. 
Quivering  in  1,  sole  towards  toes.  After  ij  h.,  burning  shooting  in  l.  eye.  After 
t  J  h.,  pressure  in  forehead  with  exhaustion  of  whole  body.  Pressure  in  L  ear.  Fine 
sharp  stitches  in  navel.  Violent  sdtch  in  hypogastrium.  Diarrhoea  with  bellyache, 
Pressivc  pain  in  r.  scapula.  After  3  h.,  whirling  in  head.  Tensive  drawing  in  I.  upper 
^  arm  on  its  inside.     Violent  tearing  pressive  pain  in  whole  r.  leg,  less  when  walking. 

^m      After  3 J  h.,  sharp  stitches  externally  in  1.  side  of  belly,  removed  by  rubbing.     After 
H      4  h.,  crawling  pricking  in  umbilical   region.     Quivering  in  deltoid.     Twitching  in 
^m      muscles  on  outer  side  of  1.  upper  arm.     Burning  shooting  in  r.  patella.     Sharp  shooting 
^      nms  down  1.  tibia  on  inner  side.     Sharp  shooting  on  dorsum  of  r.  foot,  goes  otf  on 
walking.     After  44  h.,  pricking  burning  in  I,  cheek.     Drawing  shooting  pain  in  L 
aide  of  chest.     Weak  movements  in  1.  intercostal  muscles.     After  5  h.,  pressive  pain 
in    forehead,  from  within    outwards.     Itching   in    skin  of  abdomen    below  navel. 
Itching  pricking  in  skin  in  r.  side  of  hypogastrium.    Flatus  with  diarrhoea.    Pressive 
stitches  in  r.  thoracic  cavity,  followed  by  pricks,  with  pressive  pain  in  ribs  near  spine. 
Pressure  in  I.  intercostal  muscles  from  within  outwards,  aggravated  by  inspiring  and 
expiring.     Fine  stitch  from  r.  loin  to  ribs.     Quivering  in  muscles  of  r.  thigh.    After 
si  h.,  burning  in  1,  eyeball  as  from  within  outwards.     After  6  h.,  pressivc  pain  in 
forehead.     Pinching  in  bowels.     Stitch  in   r.  ribs.     Tiresome  backache,  especially 


48o 


ASAFCETIDA. 


under  ^capul^.  Backache  in  r.  side.  Itching  |>ncking  in  1.  ttbia  in  front  below  the 
knee  ;  goes  off  on  walking.  After  7  h,,  burning  in  r.  elbow-joint,  on  it*  outer  side. 
After  8  h.,  press! ve  shooting  in  back  of  r,  hand.  Pressure  on  roots  of  middle  and 
index  fingers  of  r.  hand.  After  9  h.,  quivering  in  1.  shoulder -joint  towards  outer  side. 
Pressure  on  inner  side  ot  thumb*  After  9^  h.,  pressure  on  1.  side  of  occiput.  After 
1 1  h.,  rumbling  in  bowels.  After  1 1  h.,  burning  in  r.  eyeball.  Drynefs  in  ocsophigu* ; 
when  swallowing,  tensioa  there.  Shooting  pinching  in  1.  side  of  belly.  After  11  h., 
pressive  pain  out  at  navel.  After  23  h.,  Quivering  shooting  in  1.  side  of  belly,  when 
in-  and  ex-ptring.  Cutting  pinching  in  bowels.  Twitching  in  r.  ccrvicaj  muscles. 
After  X4  h.»  pressure  in  L  cheek.  Stitches  in  region  of  diaphragm,  r*  side.  Obtuse 
stitcher  externally  in  1.  scapula.  Tensive  stitch  in  dorsal  muscles  of  L  side,  from 
below  upwards.  Fine  stitcnes  in  r,  3rd  toe,  when  walking.  After  15  h.,  quivering 
in  r.  thigh  anteriorly.  After  %6  h«»  tensive  burning  in  r.  eyeball,  pressive  pain  in  r. 
side  of  chesty  from  within  outwards.  Tensive  shooting  in  1.  loin  continuing  during  in* 
and  ex-piration,  going  off  when  walking.  Fine  pricks  like  needles  about  L  loin. 
Stitcher  in  1.  shoulder-joint,  from  within  outwards.  Shooting  pain  on  inside  of  I. 
upper  arm.  Fine  stitch  on  elbow.  After  27  h.,  pinching  sharp  stitches  on  r. 
inner  side  of  ribs.  Itching  of  skin  on  patella.  After  29  h.,  burning  pricking  in 
navel.  Pain  in  back,  especially  in  r.  scapula,  Pressive  pain  from  r,  wrist  to  r,  index* 
Obtuse  stitches  in  r.  glutafi  muscles.  Quivering  in  inner  side  of  r.  knee-joint.  Obtuse 
shooting  in  1.  ankle-joiut  on  inner  side.  After  ^o  h.,  pressive  pain  in  r.  side  of  head* 
Can  work  no  longer  on  account  of  backache.  Itching  in  r.  knee-joint  on  tts  inner 
side.  Unusual  desire  to  sleep.  Out  of  humour  and  disinclined  to  v%'ork.  After  3 1  h., 
pressure  in  nose  as  though  it  would  burst,  especially  in  r.  ala.  After  32  h^  pneviiTe 
shooting  in  sternum  from  within  outwards.  After  34  h.,  pressive  pain  in  middle  of 
sternum  with  a  kind  of  nausea  up  from  chest.  Twitching  sensation  in  internal  mus* 
cle»  of  1.  upper  arm.  After  36  h.,  coryza.  Quivering  in  l.  knce-joint  on  its  inner 
side.  On  1.  tibia  pressure^  goii^g  off  on  moving.  Quivering  in  r,  ankle-joint  infe- 
riorly.  After  37  h.,  pressive  pain  in  L  intercostal  muscles  from  within  outwards.  After 
41  h,,  boring  shooting  in  1.  loin  from  within  outwards^  going  off  on  in-  and  ex-piration. 
After  42  h.,  itching  in  r,  scapula.  Quivering  in  muscles  of  1.  scapula.  Itching  pricking 
under  r,  inner  ankle,  goes  off  on  rubbing.  Digging  in  inner  side  oi  1.  foot.  After 
43  h,,  boring  shooting  on  inner  surface  of  r.  upper  arm,  not  going  off  by  movement 
After  45  h.,  pressure  in  1.  side  of  head  from  within  outwards.  Digging  pressive 
shooting  in  L  loin  from  w  Ithin  outwards  to  ribs,  with  anxiety.  Obtuse  stitch  from 
thumb  towards  back  of  hand.  After  46  h.,  pressive  pain  in  r,  sole  when  sittings 
After  47  h.,  boring  obtuse  stitches  in  L  side  of  ribs  outwards,  when  inspiring  and 
expiring.  After  48  h.,  quivering  in  1.  shoulder-joint  towards  inside.  Burning  stitcli 
on  outer  side  of  r.  upper  arm.  Twitching  drawing  in  1.  thigh.  Pressive  pain  tn 
dorsum  of  1.  foot  when  sitting.  After  49  h,,  itching  in  r.  eye.  Pressive  pain  in  r. 
ear.  Transient  stitches  in  r.  side  of  back.  Quivering  of  anterior  muscles  of  thigh  in 
upper  halt.  Itching  creeping  on  under  surtace  at  r.  big  toe.  Burning  pressure  at 
root  of  1.  big  toe.  After  54  h.,  cutting  pain  under  r.  scapula.  After  5?  n.,  tensive 
stitches  in  I,  pectoral  muscles.  After  60  h,,  needle  pricks  externally  in  penis.  After 
61  h  ,  burning  drawing  in  r.  intercostal  muscles.  Fine  stitch  in  1.  knee  when  sitting. 
After  62  h.|  burning  in  L  eyebrow.  Burning  stitches  in  r.  eyeball.  Obtuse  stitches 
outwards  in  1.  side  of  abdomen,  with  flatulence.  After  63  h,,  along  with  constriction 
of  throat  pressure  in  chest.  Obtuse  stitches  in  L  ribs.  Sharp  shooting  burning  in  tip 
of  1.  index.  After  64  h,,  shooting  in  thoracic  cavity  extending  to  fauces^  when 
standing  and  sitting.  Pressive  beating  in  thoracic  cavity  extending  to  tauces  wheil^ 
standing  and  sitting.  Fine  stitch  in  elbow.  Fine  long  stitch  in  bend  of  elbow. 
After  66  h.  itching  in  dorsum  of  foot.  After  67  h.,  digging  shooting  outwards  from 
diaphragm  to  \,  hypochondrium  when  inspiring  and  expiring.  After  68  h.,  pressurt 
in  I.  temple  from  within  outwards.  Pressive  shooting  in  r.  upper  arm  on  its  inner] 
surface  from  within  outwards.  Quivering  in  r.  glutei  muscles.  Burning  pricking  til 
I  little  toe.  After  69  h.,  pressure  in  thoracic  cavity  out  towards  r.  side.  After  70 
h.,  shooting  in  1.  side  of  belly  from  within  outwards.  After  72  h.,  itching  in  r. 
cheek.  Tensive  burning  in  1.  calf,  isr  d.,  rush  of  blood  to  head  with  heat  of  f^ccij 
Headache  as  if  muddled  in  head,  during  which  attention  is  apt  to  be  overstraioedU 
Confusion  of  head  with  pressure  in  temples.  In  forenoon  obtuseness  of  senses,  especiail]f; 
of  hearing  j  be  hears  nothing  distinctly,  has  always  to  ask  twice.     Great  feeling  of 


I 


ASAFCETIDA. 


48t 


t 


diyness  of  mouth,  though  he  has  moisture  enough  in  it.  Drawing  down  along  1.  side 
of  neck  when  moving.  Loathing  at  beer,  it  tastes  fWtny.  Perceptible  pulsation  In 
pit  of  stomach.  Soon  after  eating  pressure  in  gastric  region.  Violent  pres^sivc  p;iin 
m  pit  of  stomach  towards  hepatic  region^  when  sitting.  Sudden  violent  jerky  stitch 
from  r.  side  of  abdomen  outwards,  from  within  to  external  integuments.  Stitches  in 
1.  side  of  belly  when  walking.  '  Contracting  pain  under  navel  when  standing.  When 
walking  after  dmner,  twisting  pain  in  abdomen.  Drinking  disagrees  with  liim,  causes 
immediately  weight  and  cooling  sensation  in  bowels.  In  iliac  region,  on  drawing  in 
abdominal  muscles,  a  pre&sive  pain.  On  bending  chest  forwards  pressure  on  lower 
art  of  sternum.  Drawing  pressive  pain  along  4th  and  5th  last  dorsal,  and  1st 
iumbar  vertebrae,  as  if  along  their  bodies.  Pressivc  ^acraJ  pain,  especially  when 
bending  the  body  back  and  forward*  Stitches  along  sacral  bone,  down  to  anus. 
Pain  in  perinxum,  as  i(  something  blunt  pressed  out  there.  5titchei>  in  latksimus  dorst 
near  upper  arm.  At  outer  end  of  clavicle,  when  sitting,  a  pressive  pain.  Drawing 
pain  about  head  of  humerus^  when  he  held  arm  still,  with  a  kind  of  trembling  over, 
excitement  (34  after  a  great  debauch)  in  its  muscles  which  he  must  alnrays  keep 
moving.  Tearing  pains  up  along  forearm,  on  moving  fingers.  Tearing  in  1  femur 
when  sitting.  Drawing  pressive  pain  in  tendons  of  hough  on  stretching  them. 
Great  weariness  when  moving ;  as  long  as  he  lies  or  sits  still  he  feels  strong,  except  a 
feeling  of  fatntness  when  his  mouth  becomes  dry.  In  afternoon,  flushing  of  heat  on 
cheeks. — and  d.,  sensation  in  brain  under  upper  part  of  frontal  bone,  like  undulation 
and  quivering,  m.  Near  frontal  protuberance  externally,  continued  burning  pricking, 
with  pain  like  ulceration,  relieved  by  touching,  but  immediately  returning.  Pres- 
sure in  both  eyes.  Bellyache  in  upper  abdomen  as  if  chilled,  and  as  if  diarrhoea 
would  come  on,  with  a  kind  of  bulimy.  In  m.^  feeling  in  gastric  region  and  whole 
abdomen,  as  if  all  were  bruised  there,  with  feeling  of  fulness  in  stomach  and 
eructations.  Pulsation  in  pit  of  stomach,  perceptible  to  finger.  After  eating, 
pressure  in  gastric  region,  with  great  faintncs*.  On  merely  compressing  abdomen, 
pressure  in  lower  part  of  stomach  (xiphoid  cartilage)  with  nausea  and  feeling  of 
fubaess  in  pit  of  stomach.  Shooting  outwards  in  both  sides  of  belly  after  eating  when 
sitting,  going  off  by  pressing  on  it.  Across  abdomen^  pinching  drawing  when 
sitting,  with  obtuse  stitches  going  outwards  in  I.  side  of  belly.  In  1.  side  of  hypo- 
gastrium  violent  shooting  and  drawing  that  extends  along  inside  of  o&  ilii,  when 
sitting,  m.  After  eating,  tension  in  abdomen,  as  if  he  had  over-reached  himself. 
Semation  of  grvat  discomfort  in  whole  abdomen,  with  great  weight  in  it  and  pressure 
in  its  sides,  m.  Crossness  and  anxiety,  which  seem  to  come  from  abdomen,  when 
he  has  a  little  difficulty  in  fixing  his  attention,  m.  Soon  after  dinner,  when  lying, 
great  oppression  of  chest  with  pressure  and  throbbin|^  in  it.  Stitches  and  pressure  on 
chest  when  lying,  with  very  dimcult,  sobbing,  jerky  mspiration,  going  off  on  pressing 
on  chc^t  with  the  hand,  and  when  sitting  up.  Drawing  along  1.  side  of  neck  down* 
wards  on  moving.  Paralytic  drawing  pain  along  1.  shoulder  and  down  upper  arm, 
when  at  rest*  Tearing  stitches  upwards,  followed  by  burning.  In  r,  forearm  when  at 
rest.  In  the  wrist  bones,  pain  a*  if  beaten.  Pressive  drawing  in  bones  of  wrist  and 
instep  on  moving.  When  lying  and  at  rest,  drawing  pressure  on  backs  of  fingers, 
and  blowji  from  forearm  to  elbow, 

Nq  itme  gi*vtn, — ^Dizzy.  Stupefying  tension  in  head,  especially  1.  side.  Brain  feeU 
very  expanded.  Slight  headache  in  forehead.  Drawing,  undulating  pressure  through 
I.  half  of  forehead,  ending  in  a  numb  pressure  on  frontal  protuberance.  Under  r, 
frontal  protuberance  a  slow  intermitting  pain,  like  beating  outwards.  Feeling  of 
tensive  confusion  and  oppressive  weight  of  forehead  (after  olfaction).  Fine  needle 
pricks  in  L  frontal  protuberance.  Under  r.  frontal  protuberance  single  quick  and 
deep  stitches,  like  blows,  and  sensitiveness  remains  there  afterwards*  Feeling  of 
pressure  on  crown.  In  r.  parietal  bone,  pain  as  from  a  peg  pressed  in  deep.  On  1. 
side  of  head  a  pressure  coming  on  suddenly,  quickly  increasing,  as  from  a  blunt 
instrument  pressed  in  ;  goes  off  suddenly.  A  couple  of  fine  superficial  pricks  on  r. 
side  of  top  of  head.  In  r.  side  of  head,  above  ear,  a  drawing,  that  changes  into  a 
simple  fhooring.  In  1,  temple,  intermitting  inward -pressure  almost  like  beating 
inwards.  Above  r.  temple,  a  sudden  transient  obtuse  pressure.  In  1.  temple, 
suddenly,  a  pain  like  a  sharp  peg  pressed  in.  Single  deep  stitches  in  1.  temple. 
Slow  succes&ive  obtuse  stitches  in  1.  temple.  On  outer  border  of  1.  orbit,  dull 
pre&sure.     In  upper   eyelid,  frequently  a  quivering  movement.     A  transient  numb 


t 


31 


48a 


ISAFCETIDA. 


pressure  on  middle  of  1.  upper  ryelid*  For  i  d.,  penodical  burning  is  cyci^m 
comptession  of  eyelids  as  if  ^Icep  would  come.  Tirtsomc  dryness  and  dry  frelifl^W 
eyes.  A  kind  ot  dimne^  of  eyes;  when  writings  the  letters  are  dimmer  «»  if  a  Uighfl 
veil  were  over  them ;  goes  off  after  vomiting.  On  various  parts  of  fmcc,  /^.  im 
xvgoma,  nasal  bones,  painless  tension,  i^ith  a  kind  of  numb  feeling.  Slight  mmsicQii 
drawing  on  outer  border  of  r.  concha.  Repeated  short  drawing  in  both  external  mcitijy 
auditorii.  Clear  ringing  in  ear.  On  rami  of  lower  jaw^  sometimes  a  tran9iciiE^|fl 
like  prolonged  cramp.  On  1.  angle  of  chin»  in  a  small  space,  a  numb  pft|^^| 
extending  to  the  tootn  exactly  opposite.  Nausea.  Intermitting  pinching  t&  jBB 
abdomen.  Visible  pukations  in  pit  of  stomach.  Burning  in  aodomen.  Pt9|H 
perineum  as  if  something  blunt  pressed  out  there.  Increased  discharge  of  ilaiiM 
Pinching  in  belly  with  discharge  of  flatus.  Slight,  sometimes  almost  quite  inM 
*'oluntar)*  discharge  of  flatus,  which  he  hardly  notices.  More  frequent  -^r  '  '  ti 
usual.     For  3  d.,  two  to  three  loose  stools  daily  with  bellyache.     For  4  hur  ,  ] 

three  to  four  diarrhofic  stools  with  bellyache.  Violent  sneezing  several  tiinsr?  mu,,u^ 
d.  In  trachea,  so  choky  that  he  must  frequently  cough,  and  the  cough  is  hoAr»4 
After  dinner,  stitches  in  region  of  last  true  rib  on  r,  side,  and  oppression  of  1  hevtJ 
Below  r.  axilla  anteriorly,  a  pressing  inwards,  increasing  in  Hts,  without  oppreMnom 
of  breathing.  Boring  ^ititches  m  I.  thoracic  cavity  from  within  outwards,  €qu|^fl 
felt  when  in-  and  ex-piring,  and  continued «  Below  I.  axilla^  some  Rne  suped^H 
but  acute,  needle-pricks.  Below  I,  axilla,  a  transient  inward  pressure.  In  1.  sc^fl^| 
repeated  transient  drawing.  Burning  in  dorsal  vertebrae^  more  towards  i.  tide  (M 
back.  Quivering  in  muscles  of  lower  halt  of  back  when  sitting.  Nredte*pricki  iu 
all  intercostal  muscles,  when  sitting.  In  the  region  of  short  ribs,  round  abouM 
over  the  back,  a  jerking  constriction.  Tearing  sacral  pain  when  sitting.  In  1.  upped 
amii  near  shoulder-joint,  intermitting  cramp^like  pres$»ure.  In  tlow  intermiisions, on 
inside  of  L  forearm,  cramp-like  drawing  radiating  upwards.  Obtuse  shooting  otm 
inner  side  of  r.  forearm.     Cramp-like  twitching  in  r.  tbrcarm  downwards,  v  i  r  j  1 

as  if  hand  would  get  numb.     Scraping  sensation  on  ulnar  %ide  of  wrist.     A  1 

becomes  occasionally  stronger  on  outer  side  of  1,  wrist,  at  side  of  thumb.  Un  mrta-j 
carpal  bone  of  1.  middle  finger  a  kind  of  numb  pain,  as  if  a  heavy  body  lay  upon  itJ 
In  the  flesh  between  metacarpal  bones  of  1.  thumb  and  index,  tramp4ike  patii.l 
Cramp-tike  painful  twitching  in  metacarpal  bone  of  L  thumb.  In  r.  palm  adult  paisij 
as  from  a  body  pressing  on  it,  with  sensation  as  if  hand  would  become  numb.  On  r«| 
thumb  a  transient  cramp-like  pain,  not  interfering  with  its  movements;  soon  atierJ 
wards  in  L  thumb.  On  moving  fingers,  tearing  pains  up  along  forvanm.  Burning  odl 
anterior  surface  of  thigh  when  sitting.  Pains  in  flesh  of  r.  thigh,  as  if  a  &har}i  bod^ 
were  sticking  in  it.  On  outer  surface  of  L  thigh,  on  a  small  spot  just  below  hip-joioi;^ 
dull  but  painful  pulsating  stitches.  Tensive  drawing  in  r.  thigh  on  its  inncf  udcM 
On  outer  side  of  thigh  paralytic  drawing  pain  when  sitting.  A  restlessness  (trcmbiingji 
in  thigh  and  leg  when  sitting,  like  the  violent  pulsation  of  the  arteries  after  al 
pedestrian  journey.  On  inner  surface  of  1.  thigh  superiorly,  painful  twitching  iJ 
slow  fits.  On  anterior  surface  of  1.  thigh  near  knce^  repeated  undulating  twitcbingJ 
Prcssive  pain  behind  1.  patella.  Stitches  in  knee  near  patella  when  sitting,  the  tattrll 
pains  when  touched  as  if  sore  and  ulcerated.  In  upper  part  of  knee,  on  a  small  spoJ 
burning  pain,  which  sometimes  changes  into  burnmg  pecking.  Quivering  on  out^ 
side  of  1.  knee  joint.  General  twitching  in  muscles  at  upper  part  of  r.  tibia«  In  I 
leg  (when  one  is  crossed  over  other  and  hangs  down)  feeling  as  if  it  would  bccoine 
numb.     Ltg'i  easily  go  to  sleep  where  their  nerves  are  ever  so  slight],  Uf^^ 

when  he  crosses  his  leg  while  sittting  the  other  leg  goes  to  sleep  inm  Qq 

r,  instep,  tension  as  from  a  tight  boot  in  irregular  nts.  On  inner  ^luc  ui  j.  foe 
painful  intermitring  beating.  In  ball  of  1.  sole,  feeling  as  if  had  stood  long  on  itj 
In  1.  big  tot  occasionally  a  painful  pecking.  In  1.  big  toe  a  simple  sometimes  pcckiuj 
pain,  when  at  rest  or  when  moving.  Painful  pecking  in  tip  of  big  toe.  Ncrdlf 
pricks,  fine  superficial,  but  paintul  pricks  as  with  pins  here  and  there,  must  rub 
On  several  parts  of  lirabs  transient  cramp-like  drawing,  like  twitchine.  Feeling  a 
heaviness  of  whole  body.  Feeling  of  general  exhaustion,  the  limbs  fall  down  hcavilj 
and  limply,  and  head  is  dizzy.  Sleep  full  of  dreams  of  things  formerly  done,  1 
spoken  of.  Gay  dreams  of  company  and  feasting.  After  dinner,  febrile  state,  witJ 
hot  feeling  in  face,  no  thirst,  but  anxiety  and  drowsiness.  Very  irritable  and  mg 
indifferent  to  everything.     (ArcAia^^  i.) 


ASAFCETIDA.  483 

1.  LEMBK.E.  1 6th  March,  1868,  3  p.m.y  5  grs.  in  water.  4  p.m.,  pressure  and 
heaviness  in  forehead.  Frequent  pressure  in  shoulders,  most  in  r.,  in  knees,  most  in 
r.,  when  sitting.  Wandering  shooting  pains  in  knees  and  ankle-joints  when  sitting, 
sometimes  changing  into  feeling  of  pressure.  Heat  in  cheeks  and  forehead,  witn 
weight,  5  p.m.  Frequent  collection  of  saliva  in  mouth,  teeth  on  edge.  Shooting  in 
joints  of  some  fingers.  Drawing  and  pressure  in  occiput.  Drawing  pain  in  r.  cervical 
muscles.  Pressure  in  muscles  of  r.  upper  arm.  During  the  continued  heat  in  face 
and  forehead,  chills  in  back  and  cold  hands,  5.30  p.m.  Drawing  here  and  there  in 
muscles  of  r.  thigh.  Constant  eructation  of  air  with  garlic  taste.  Drawing  in  muscles 
of  1.  scapula.  Severe  pressure  in  joint  of  1.  thumb  and  later  in  joints  of  other  fingers. 
When  sitting  frequent  slight  palpitation  of  heart,  more  like  a  trembling  of  heart. 
Shooting  in  r.  calf  and  like  pinchmg,  lasting  long.  Then  the  same  pain  in  muscles 
above  r.  knee.  Pressure  in  sternum  ;  also  when  walking  pressure  in  ankle-joints  and 
knees.  The  other  pains  repeated  and  alternating  all  e.  The  heat  of  face  continues 
till  7  p.m.,  and  ears  very  hot  externally.  Frequent  drawing  in  forehead,  7  p.m. 
Especially  severe  pressive  pain  in  r.  ankle-joint  when  walking,  lasting  long  and 
recurring ;  and  in  1.  ankle-joint  the  same  pain  occurs  later,  also  when  sitting,  but 
worse  when  walking.  Severe  boring  above  1.  ejrebrow,  7.30  p.m.,  then  the  same  r. 
Towards  8  p.m.  the  symptoms  gradually  go  oft. — 17th,  6.30  a.m.,  pressure  in  knees 
and  muscles  of  r.  upper  arm.  8  a.m.,  6  grs.  Pressure  in  knees  and  wrist-joints. 
Pressive  pain  in  1.  thumb-joint.  The  urine  passed  smells  distinctly  of  asafoetida. 
Pressive  pain  in  muscles  of  inner  side  of  r.  thigh,  in  r.  ankle-joint,  repeatedly,  also 
attacking  1.  ankle-joint,  both  when  sitting  and  walking.  Drawing  pam  in  r.  toes. 
Heat  in  tace,  8.30  a.m.  Frequent  eructation  of  air  with  taste  of  asafoetida.  Pressive 
pains  in  shoulder-joints.  Drawing  pain  in  occiput.  Pressive  pains  in  knees  and 
ankle-joints  when  walking.  Pressive  drawing  pains  under  1.  border  of  ribs  when 
walking,  and  in  muscles  of  scapulae.  Pains  in  knees  particularly  acute  and  long. 
lasting,  and  very  often  in  joint  or  1.  thumb,  9  a.m.  Tearing  pains  frequently  in  fore- 
head. Pressure  in  1.  side  of  thorax,  in  elbow -joints,  under  1.  scapula,  in  hands,  shoulders, 
Sec,  Severe  shooting  in  r.  calf  when  sitting  and  walking.  Cutting  in  abdomen  when 
walking  and  sitting,  i  p.m.  Whilst  walking  and  sitting  the  pains  in  knees,  ankle- 
joints,  and  muscles  of  thighs.  Same  pains  in  joints  of  upper  extremities  and  below  1. 
border  of  ribs,  also  in  1.  scapula.  Frequent  tearing  in  forehead  and  occiput.  Repeated 
shooting  in  urethra  also  observed  yesterday  e.  During  e.  the  pains  came  in  limbs, 
forehead,  and  occiput.  At  9  p.m.  all  pains  gone,  n.  good. —  x8th,  6.30  a.m.,  7  grs. 
Soon  heat  in  cheeks.  Pressive  pain  in  r.  knee,  ankle-joint,  and  elbow.  Pressure  on 
top  of  head  and  r.  side  of  forehead  over  eye.  Drawing  pains  in  occiput  and  shoulders. 
Drawing  in  skin  of  whole  outer  surface  of  1.  leg  several  times,  7  a.m.  and  later. 
Drawing  in  fingers,  muscles  of  scapulz,  thighs,  and  r.  cheek.  Above  pains  in  joints 
return.  Drawing  in  calves.  Frequetit  eructation  of  air  with  taste  of  drug,  8.30  a.m. 
Drawing  in  several  finger-joints,  back  of  wrist,  and  feet.  Moving  af^cted  joints 
aggravates  pain.  These  symptoms  repeatedly.  Tearing  in  r.  temple.  Shooting 
drawing  pains  in  r.  knee  and  above  it,  worse  when  walking.  Much  shooting  in 
jerks,  especially  in  joints  of  1.  little  finger,  aggravated  by  movement.  All  d.  when 
walking  several  of  above  pains.  Pains  less  in  e.  At  6  p.m.  severe  pressure  in  wrist- 
joints  and  temples.  Drawing  in  occiput,  later  in  r.  ankle-joint,  repeatedly.  At  8 
p.m.  severe  drawing  in  lower  incisors.  Pressure  in  shoulders,  dorsum  of  foot,  and  in 
joints  formerly  affected,  but  less  severe. — 19th,  6  a.m.,  after  rising,  pressure  in  fore- 
head,  drawing  in  muscles  of  r.  forearm  and  muscles  of  1.  cheek.  Pressure  on  r.  tibia 
and  1.  calf.  Drawing  and  pressure  on  different  parts  of  forehead.  7.30' a  m.,  6  grs. 
Drawing  in  scapular  muscles,  toes,  hands,  nape,  occiput,  repeatedly.  Pressure  in 
knees  and  above  them,  in  bones  of  toot  when  sitting,  and  in  forehead.  Great  heat  in 
cheeks  8  a.m.,  felt  also  externally ;  great  heat  in  ears,  which  bum  and  are  red,  muscse 
volitantes.  Severe  drawing  on  1.  tibia.  Pressure  in  and  on  r.  side  of  sternum,  in 
bones  above  forehead.  Along  with  heat  in  face,  cold  hands  and  feet  with  chilliness 
in  back,  8.30  a.m.,  continues  till  9  a.m.  Continued  drawing  in  muscles  of  r.  thigh, 
it  then  goes  into  knee  and  down  to  ankle-joint,  where  it  causes  pressure  which  extends 
into  the  knee,  when  sitting.  The  pains  in  lower  extremities  also  when  walking. 
Repetition  of  former  symptoms.  At  2  p.m.,  7  grs.  Besides  above  symptoms,  pres- 
sure  and  drawing  in  bones  of  head,  knees,  and  toes.  At  1.30  p.m.  neat  in  face, 
sinciput,  ears,  also  externally  in  said  parts.   Shooting  and  itching  in  eyelids.  The  other 


+84 


ASAFCETIDA. 


palfts  in  joints,  ihor%x,  and  dorsal  muscles  incrcas«.     Pressure  tn  joint  o4  u 
and  above  r.  wrist  on  its  back.     Shooting  in  skin  of  r.  foreaxtn,  4  p.m,     Alo 
continued  heat  of  face  and  cars,  and  with  warm  hancU^  cbillmess  in  K 
Soon  after  hands  become  ice.cold^  the  cold  in  back  increases  and  continu 
pulse,  continued  pressivc  pains  in  joints  of  toes,  hands,  feet,  and  knee?.,  cr  l.:  i,  n 
tips  of  toes,  in  skin  of  r.  axilla,  on  r.  cheek.     At  5  p.m,  the  cold  in  back  begin*  to 
leteen  and  hands  become  warmer.     Later  the  former  sj^mptoras  recur.     At  ig 
in  bed,  repeated  severe  pressure  in  r.  wrist-joint  and  then  in  r.  temple. — ^:iotl| 
same  pains  and  pressure  in  nape  at  6  a.m,  in  bed,  immediately  after  wakini 
rising  pressure  in  1.  knee,  then  in  r.  tibia,  then  in  1.  ankle-joint  when  walk 
stooping  severe  shooting  below  I.  scapula*     Shooting  in  toes^  pressure  in  mu 
scapulsE  and  in  shoulder-joints^  increased  by  moving,  7  ajn.     Drawing  in  s«etYraI| 
of  hones  of  head,  in  feet,  forearms,  alternately  here  and  there,  in  wrist -joints  qu  ct 
jumping  from  one  place  to  another,  in  dorsum  of  feet,  incalvcs^in  temples.     Si 
in  skin  on  outer  surface  of  L  thigh.     Numb   pressure  in  temples   and   $h" 
Drawing  in  nape  muscles*    7.30  a«m.,  7  ?rs.    Drawing  pains  in  all  finger.jotnts^    Soa 
heat  in  tace,  burning  in  cheeks  and  ears,  tieat  in  nape  and  occiput,  and  constant  obtsix 
pressure  in  region  of  lumbar  vertebnct  and  wandering  pains  in  joints.     Shooting  A 
skin  of  forehead,  of  r,  thigh,  drawing  In  calves.     Much  eructation  of  air  with  taste  of 
drug*     Drawing  and  shooting  round  about  L  ear,  repeatedly.     8  a.m.,  musr 
tantes.     Drawing  in  r.  side  of  lower  jaw,  8,30  a.m.,   then  tn  r.  side  of  fo 
Drawing  behind  1,  ear.     Shooting  in  skin  of  1.  cheek,  then  of  r.     Pressure  l 
border  of  ribs  anteriorly.     At  9  a  in.  hands  begin  to  grow  cold  and  there  is  ch 
in  back,  the  pain&  coutinue  uninterruptedly,  now  here,  now  there,  with  heat  01  i..  -. 
and  face.     Severe  pressure  in  some  dorsal  vertcbrx,  9  a.m.     Some  bruised  pain  jn 
elbows  and  shoulder-joints.     3  p.m.,  7  grs.     The  former  symptoms  repeated.     Some- 
times slight  shoots  in  urethra.     3.30  p.m.,  heat  in  head,  face,  and  ears,  with  external 
heat  of  these  parts,  muscae  \'oli tantes.     Pressure  in  forehead,  drawing  in  L  tide  of 
lower  jaw,  in  shoulders,  fingers,  toes,  and  their  joints.     Shooting   and   itching  ia 
borders  of  eyelidsj  4  p.m.     Drawing  in  muscles  of  legs.     Shooting  in  tip  of  tongue 
and  pressure  in  joint  of  lower  jaw.     Along  with  outward  heat  and  pressure  in  head 
there  occurred,  about  5  p.m.,  a  transient  attack  of  confusion  when  sitting  and  reading, 
followed  by  recurrence  of  heat  in  head,  but  soon  afterwards  there  was  chilltnest  ia 
back,  whikt  face,  head,  ears  and  hands  were  still  hot,  especially  the   heat   in  eyes 
and  cheeks,  with  itching,  pricking,  and  burning  in  eyelids,  especially  r.     Then  the 
coldness   in  back  increased,  went  to  arms  and  legs,  hand«»  became  cold,  a  shivering 
through  whole  body,  nails  blue,  much  saliva  in  mouth,  and  occasional  eructation  witn 
taste  of  drug.     5.30  P.m.,  uncomfortable  feeling  in  pit  of  stomach  like  pressure,  not 
exactly  pain fnl,  crawling  in  skin  of  back,  pressure  and  drawing  in  the  above  p3  "     ^ 
limbs  and  head.     The  coldness  lasted  till  6  p.m.,  but  the  hands  got  warm.     < 
ness  and  heat  went  off  by  6,30  p  m.     Towards  e.  all  the  symptoms  diminished. —  i*>u» 
7.30  a.m.,  10  grs.     The  pains  came  on  more  severely,  especially  those  in  knees, 
shoulders,  and  bonc?i  of  head.     At  8  a.m.  heat  and  burning  in  checks,  with  increase 
of  former  pains.     At  8.30  a.m.  coldness  of  hands  with  blue  nails,  with  continuance  of 
heat  of  face  and  head^  visible  twitching  of  r.  lower  eyelid,  shooting  in  tip  of  toiiiuc. 
pressure  00  sternum,  chilliness  in  back,  wandering  pains.     Pressute  in  I.  ank! 
for  a  long  time  while  walking.     3  p.m.,  took  2  teaspoonfulsof  an  emulsion  madi 
I  drachm  of  asafort.  (quantity  of  cxcipient  in  cmuUion  not  stated,  hence  dose  of 
asaf.  not  given).     Soon  heat,  not  only  m  head  but  feeling  of  heat  along  back,  and 
increase  of  the  wcll-known  pains,  especially  in  feet,  forehead,  wrist-jomis,  knees; 
boring  in  r.  inner  canthus,  pains  worse  when  sitting  than  when  walking.     Drawing  and 
shooting  in  calves,  muf^cles  of  arms  here  and  there,  most  in  flexors.     Pressure  and 
weight  in  head.     4  p.m.,  3  teaspoonfuls.     Taste  loathsome  and  scraping  in  mouth*- 
cannot  be  got  rid  of.      Constant  flow  of  saliva.     Chilliness  in   back,  cold  hand 
drawing  in  muscles  above  knee.     Pressure   in  thumb-joints.     Feeling   of  hung 
longing  for  something  strengthening  and  refreshing.     Stronger  and  weaker  flusfae 
heat  in  face,  with  cold  hands,  severe  drawing  and  pressure  here  and  theie  in  rnus 
of  r.  thigh,  weight  and  pressure  in  sinciput  and  forehead,  cheeks  and  ears  extremei 
hot,  witli  chilliness  in  back,  shooting  in  tongue.     Pressure  under  1.  border  of  no 
anteriorly.     Hands  alternately  warm.     Pressure  here  and  there  in  thoracic  walls  aQ 
dorsal  muscles.    Some  biu\sed  y^vvl  vn  \imw^t%  uV  >x^^ct  -arttk^^wi  vbv  ^«m&c*[oint9 


ASAFCETIDA. 


485 


I 


^ 


^ 


ankle-joints,  and  very  severe  in  some  parts  and  some  attacks.  Frequent  eructation  of 
air  with  taste  of  drug  and  great  flov%'  of  saliva*  Drawing  in  finger-joints.  Several 
times  alternation  of  chilliness  in  back  and  cold  hands  with  heat,  whereby  the  head  is 
always  heavy  and  with  pressive  pain  in  it ;  slight  movement  in  warm  room  causes 
immediately  severe  chilliness,  5  p.m.  On  walking  up  and  down  room  several  times 
there  occur  chilliness  in  back,  cold  feet,  cold  hands  and  blue  nails.  When  walking 
about  pressure  in  r.  ankle-joint  and  up  to  calf.  Smarting  burning  pain  in  tip  of 
tongue  several  times,  repeated  later.  Prewive  pains,  sometimes  very  severe,  on  both 
sides  of  spine  in  neighbourhood  of  short  ribii,  sometimes  aggravated  by  moving  body, 
repeated  later.  Urine  darker  than  usual,  Freouent  burning  in  r.  eyelids,  drawing 
pains  in  joints  of  lower  extremities,  frequently.  The  fever  went  off  at  5*30  p.m.,  and 
there  remained  only  a  feeling  of  heat,  6  p.m.,  y  tcaspoonfuls.  Same  symptoms  as 
before.  9  p.m.,  3  teaspoonfuls.  Between  6  and  9  p.m.,  appetite  not  affected.  In 
fiict,  during  the  proving  hitherto  there  has  been  no  disturbance  of  digestion  or  stool. 
After  this  o  p.m.  dose  the  same  symptoms ;  among  the  others  visible  twitching  in 
upper  eyclicf,  burning  in  skin  on  outside  of  I.  leg,  the  pains  under  border  of  1,  ribs. — 
22nd,  6.30  a.m,,  some  pain  In  knees,  wrists^  fingers,  shoulders,  pressure  in  forehead, 
or  on  1.  side  of  back  near  short  ribs.  7  a.m.,  1  teai^poonfuls,  which  produced  the 
diarrhoea  of  asaf.  The  well-known  pains  come  on  and  leap  from  one  part  to  another, 
heat  in  head  and  cheeks.  7.15  a.m.,  stronger  pressure  in  occiput  and  forehead,  on 
muscles  of  forearm^  in  wrists,  in  L  angle  of  lower  jaw.  No  alteration  in  »tools. 
8.15  a-m,,  coldness  as  before  with  the  pains  in  ankles,  knees,  elbows.  Pressing 
asunder  in  both  temples  several  times,  often  very  severe.  Drawing  in  toes.  Severe 
wandering  pains  in  occiput.  The  coldness  lasts  till  9  a.m,  1 1  a.m.,  nausea  and 
hunger  at  same  time,  Tnc  former  symptoms  occur  all  d.,  are  ameliorated  in  c.,  and 
arc  gone  at  n, — 13rd,  m.,  immediately  after  rising  pains  in  knees^  ankles,  muscles 
of  extremities — ^thesenot  felt  in  bed.  7  a.m.,  10  grs.  asaf.dep.  Soon  the  well-known 
pains  increase.  At  7.30  heat  in  head^  face,  and  ears,  muscae  volitantcs.  Increase  of 
pain!i  in  finger.joints  and  nape  muscles,  8  a.m.,  12  grs,  Verv'  great  heat  of  face  and 
head  along  with  the  former  pain,  especially  severe  pressure  m  some  dorsal  vertebrae. 
Burning  in  border  of  r,  eyelid,  pressure  on  zygoma  and  in  muscles  of  legs,  burning 
in  tip  of  tongue,  8,45,  chilliness  in  back,  cool  hands,  severe  pressive  pains  in  knees 
when  walking,  9  a.m.,  16  grn.  For  long  time  shooting  and  burning  in  end  of 
urethra,  but  not  when  urinating.  Whilst  walking  same  pains  as  before,  1.30  p  jn., 
ao  grs.  3  p.m.,  also  20  grs.  Increase  ot  heat  and  paini^,  especially  in  back  about  1. 
short  ribs  and  in  joints  of  legs.  Severe  pressure  in  knees  and  ankle-joints,  when 
fitting.  Pressure  in  frontal  bone  on  different  parts,  sometimes  along  with  shooting 
and  burning  pain.  Bruised  pain  in  lower  limbs  when  sitting,  especially  in  knees. 
Pressure  in  some  toc-joints,  in  shoulder  and  clbow.joints.  Shooting  in  tips  of  toes, 
pressure  and  drawing  in  calves.  Severe  pressure  in  small  spots  of  skull,  5  p.m.  Repe- 
tition of  the  same  symptoms,  especially  drawing  in  r,  tibia.  9  p,m.,  pains  much 
abated,  none  at  n. — i^th,  5.30  a.m.,  after  waking  in  bed  tearing  in  r.  snoutder  and 
several  times  in  1.  tibia,  after  rising  in  I,  ankle.joint,  toes  and  finger-joints,  Drawing 
in  1.  calf  and  I,  chest.  When  stooping  some  pain  behind  near  L  short  ribs.  Several 
times  severe  pressure  in  1,  shoulder,  wrist -joints,  muscles  of  legs.  Drawing  and  pres- 
sure in  muscles  and  joints  of  arms. — a 5th.  On  rising  the  pressive  drawing  pains  in 
joints  of  limbs,  in  skull,  calves,  muscles  of  arms,  fingers,  wrists  return,  weaker  than 
yesterday ;  they  occur  both  when  moving  and  when  at  rest,  more  so  in  latter  case. 
Drawing  and  pressure  In  facial  bones,  sometimes  very  violent. — 26th,  Some,  but  very 
slight  symptoms. — ^3  7th,  7  a.m.,  5^*-  ^^  ***^  '**  i  ^*  ^^^  heal  in  head,  face,  back, 
and  the  well-known  pains  in  limbs  recommence,  7.30,  another  Jss.  Among  other 
symptoms  especially  i«vere  pressure  and  asunder- pressing  in  temples,  continued.  Con- 
stant pressure  behind  near  I.  short  ribs,  8.30  a.m.  About  9  a.m.  there  began  chilli- 
ness in  back,  coldness  of  hand*  with  constant  heat  of  head  and  face,  shivering  through 
limbs.  Pressure  in  frontal  bone  for  several  h,,  and  in  maxillary  joint.  Heaviness  in 
forehead  and  sinciput  lasts  all  d,  3  p.m.,  5^*,  and  3.30  p.m.  another  5ss.  Former 
symptoms  repeated.  In  n.  and  next  m.  on  rising  some  pains  in  joints  and  skull. — 
a8th,  7  a.m,,  5*S  *nd  the  same  at  7,15  a.m.  Repetition  of  former  symptoms. — 29th, 
Several  symptoms,  but  rarer  and  weaker,  especially  drawing  and  pressure  in  knees, 
ankle-joints,  skull  bones,  muscles  of  limbs,  wrists,  tibiae.  On  30th  all  symptoms  gone. 
(iSr,  Z,/  Hem.  Kim.^  xiii,  119.)  


486 


ASAFCETIDA. 


3.  GoNT7>on  March  jtst,  1814, took  i  gr.  in  piU-fonn  at  9  a.m.     On  A\ml  rtH^ 
at  9  a.m.,  took  5  grs.,  followed  at  5  p.m.  by  pressing  pain  in  cardiac  region,  as  if  from 
ovcr-fiUing  and  distension  of  heart,  lasting,  with  bncfintcrvals,  4  h,  and  accompanied 
by  smaller  pulse  ;  at  8  p.m.  1  loose  stool.     On  April  9th,  a(ter  6  grs*.  felt  occasional 
rumbling  in  bowels.     Same  result  followed  a  10  gr,  dose.     On  April  i7th»  at  9  a.n^j 
took  15  grs.    Towards  c.  and  next  d.  in  forenoon  had  slight  nausea,  a*  if  from  flfl 
empty  stomach,  with  distaste  for  food.     By  midday  both  symptom*  had  disappcard" 
{J oKC,  op.  r/V.) 

4.  Lip  PERT  on  March  agth^  1824,  at  9  a.m,,  took  i  gr.    Towards  10  a.m.  con^ 
fusion  of  head  came  on,  changing^  gradually  into  heavy  pain  as  if  whole  brain  ^cH 
pressed  together ;  this  was  accompanied  by  giddmess,  warmth  of  skin,  and  arcel-nt^ 
circulation.     These  lasted  till  towards  4  p.m.     At   5  p*m.  ire<iucnt  ft  '|| 
eructations  set  in,  ceasing  only  next  m.  at  9  a.ra,,  alter  abundant,  soft,  br                u-I 
smelling  evacuation.     On  March  30th,  at  9  a.m.,  took  1  gn.     At  10  a.m.  felt  prrvvflg 
^nsation  at  epigastrium,  at  5  p,m.  slight  transient  giddiness.     No  stool  pa«Acd  thi*  4, 
Next  m.  was  seized  with  confusion  of  head,  increasing  gradually  to  actual  pain,  which 
kept  coming  and  going  periodically  until  late  at  n.     On   April   ist,   ait  ex    mucU 
straining,  passed  a  copious  hard  stool.     Repeated  same  dose  on  and  with  same  rt%ut|d 
except  that  stool  next  m.  was  inclined  to  be  loose.     On  this  d.  too  (3rd)  in  c.  c^^^lfl 
siderable  headache  came  on.     Sleep  was  not  disturbed,  but  on  4th  pain  ^vas  still  tbeit 
and  lasted  all  d.  with  varying  intensltyj  but  never  ceasing  entirely.     After  dose*  of  4 
and   6  grs.,  experienced  only  belching  and  confusion  of  head.     After  latter  <io<^ 
bowels  acted  several  times  during  d.,  but  were  not  actually  relaxed  ;  much  flatus  wa 
also  evacuated.     Similar  results  followed  dose  of  8  grs.,  except  that  bowels  remain^M 
con6ned  until  next  m.,  when  a  scmi-relaxed  stool  was  pas?fed.     Aitcr   to  grs.  taXdfl 
April  10th,  at  9  a.m.,  head   remained  quite  dear;    usual  belching*  occurred  during 
afternoon,  and  next  d.  two  diarrhoeic  stools  were  passed.     Same  effects  followed  do*e 
of  I  a  grs.     (Ibid.) 

5.  Otto  took  i  grs,  on  March  19th,  1814,  at  9  a.m.     After  J  h.,  pressing  pains 
in  occiput  came  on,  spreading  gradually  over  whole  head,  and  causing  sensation  **of 
brain  being  surrounded  and  pressed  together  by  a  cloth.     Whilst   this  s}'mproflll 
increased^  thorax  was  seized  with  spasmodic  contraction,  in  consequence  of  which  Q 
seemed  as  if  lungs  could  not  expand  completely,  although  respiration  was  meanwhile 
normal.     These  symptoms  disappeared  gradually  after   i^   n.,  first  head  and   then 
chest  becoming  quite  free.     20th,  9  a.m.,  took  %  grs.     After  J  h.,  constrictive  pain  in 
head  came  on,  but   less  than  yesterdays   on  other  hand,  constriction  of  chest  wai 
increased  so  that  pulse  was  small,  contracted,  and  irregular,  beating  only  60  insteai| 
of  65  per  m.     After  a  h.,  symptoms  began  to  pass  off;   pulse,  however,  was  neaiM 

4  h.  in  resuming  ordinary  rate.  During  d.,  before  and  during  micturition,  drmwinS 
in  glans  penis  was  felt  several  times,  a  2nd,  9  a.m.,  took  4  gi5.  After  4  h,»  uM 
pleasant  taste,  soon  passing  on  to  nausea,  set  in.      At   10  a.m.  came  on   grnil^ 

Ijicssing  and  drawing  pain  in  region  of  cardia,  spreading  first  towards  spleen  and 
ater  towajds  liver,  and  aggravated  by  pressing  diaphragm  downwards,  precctied  by 
considerable  rumbling  in  intestines  and  a  few  eructations,  and  accompanied  also  by 
previous  contraction  of  chest  and  acceleration  of  respiration,  although  to  a  moderate 
extent  ;  pulse  meanwhile  being  more  rapid  and  smaller  than  usual.  These  symptoms 
disappeared  during  afternoon,  but  evacuations  later  on  were  soft  and  yellowish, 
containing  less  bile  than  usual,  but  without  any  odour  of  drug.     13 rd,  9  a.m.,  took 

5  grs.  with  same  results,  only  that  bowels  did  not  act  till  next  d*,  when  motion  %ms 
firm,  dark  brown,  and  smelt  not  unlike  drug.  In  chest  only  slight  drawing  w^ 
respiration  being  only  slightly  accelerated,  and  pulse  smaller,  quicker,  and 
contracted  than  usual.  Head  during  afternoon  was  confuted  and  seized  with  prcsMH 
pains,  as  if  a  cord  were  tied  tightly  round  brain.  Towards  c,,  drawing  in  gj« 
penis  came  on  ^  urine  was  dark  brown,  easily  passed,  and  deposited  no  woimcnt,  bu 
nad  rather  strong  and  pungent  smell.  a4th,  8.30  a.m.,  took  6  giv.  Rumbbng  ill 
intestines,  and  increased  warmth  and  pressing  in  gastric  region  soon  followed  i  Ta%t» 
mentioned  this  time  to  greater  extent,  spreading  less  to  1.  side  and  not  at  all  to  r., 
but  ascending  more  upwards  into  oesophagus,  and  causing  sensation  as  of  foreign 
body  rising.  These  symptoms  ceased  at  noon,  but  abdomen  remained  distended, 
although  neither  wind  nor  faeces  passed  this  d.  Contraction  of  chest  lasted  irom  1  o 
till  11,  and  was  accompanied  by  quickened  pulse  and  respiration,  former  being  small 


I 


I 


ASAFCETIDA.  4^7 

and  contracrted.  During  afternoon  drawing  in  glans  penis  was  more  evident  than 
from  previous  do^ew,  and  kept  coming  and  gomg  although  micturition  wa«  nnalfected, 
except  that  urine  had  strong  pungent  odour.  At  8  p.m,,  was  suddenly  seized  with 
giddiness  and  dimness  of  vision.  Shortly  afterwards  cold  sweat  broke  out  on  forehead 
aud  extremities,  with  cutting  pains  in  abdomen  so  severe  as  to  oblige  him  to  go  to 
bed ;  here  symptoms  moderated,  but  lasted  fully  an  h.  Stool  next  m,  was  firm,  dark 
brown,  and  smelt  of  drug.  Took  8  gre.  on  a6th,  at  9  a,m.  After  aj  h.,  nauseous 
taste  in  mouth  came  on»  which  soon  changed  to  that  of  onions,  lasting  nearly  whole 
d.,  pulse  and  beat  of  heart  being  meanwhile  small,  cjuick,  and  irregular.  Chest 
lymptoms  were  slighter  than  usual.  Towards  midday,  rumbling  in  intestines  came 
on,  becoming  gradually  more  marked,  and  changing  during  early  afternoon  to  pressing 
in  stomach.  At  same  time  spasmodic  constriction  ot  chest,  coupled  with  dry 
irritating  cough,  caused  by  tickling  in  windpipe,  was  felt.  When  former  bad  lasted 
4  h»,  O —  felt  slight  ri^or  reaching  from  last  dorsal  to  md  lumbar  vertebra,  but  not 
beyond  this  point.  After  rigor  ceased,  pressure  in  stomach  came  on,  changing  later 
to  stretching  pain,  and  spreading  to  r.  and  1.,  and  increased  by  pressing  diaphragm 
downwards,  or  if  gastric  region  was  touched  externally.  Pulse  as  in  torcnoon  was 
small  and  quick.  When  these  thoracic  and  abdominal  symptoms  had  lasted  nearly 
3  h,,  general  malaise  came  on  gradually.  Constriction  of  chest  increased  to  anguish^ 
respiration  became  impeded,  causing  general  restlessness,  which  compelled  him  to  go 
hither  and  thither.  Head  meanwhile  fck  muddled,  and  thinking  difficult.  Felt  also 
mentally  restless,  and  unable  to  keep  to  one  subject.  From  time  to  time  rigors  spread 
over  whole  body,  but  without  subsequent  heat*  These  symptoms  were  much  relieved 
by  an  hour's  walk  in  open  air,  but  had  not  disappeared  at  jo  p.m.  Abdomen 
remained  distended  during  afternoon  and  e.,  because  neither  faeces  nor  wind  were 
evacuated.  On  other  hand,  during  e.  was  troubled  with  feeling  as  of  substance  rising 
from  stomach  through  oesophagus  into  pharynx,  causing  him  to  swallow  frequently  ; 
this  relieved  him,  but  only  temporarily.  Urine  was  lighter  than  from  previous  doses, 
but  smelt  as  before.  Next  m,,  on  awaking^  noticed  head  muddled,  yery  slight 
constriction  of  thorax,  with  somewhat  quicker  cardiac  and   arterial  pulse,  gentle 

Sressure  in  gastric  region,  becoming  worse  after  a  little  time,  and  fulness  and 
intension  of  abdomen.  Bowels  acted  before  7  a.m.,  motion  being  small  and  yellowish 
brown,  consistent  at  first  and  then  pappy  and  soft,  smelling  not  unlike  drug.  These 
symptoms  gradually  disappeared,  muddled  condition  of  head  lasting  longest  (till  e.), 
From  this  dose  appetite  was  decidedly  diminished.  After  9  grs.,  early  symptoms 
were  much  as  before.  Shortly  after  i  p.m.,  chest  became  so  constricted  that  it 
appeared  as  if  same  were  s<^ueezed  by  heavy  body  lying  on  sternum.  Respiration 
and  pulse  were  affected  as  before,  with  occasional  coughing  and  yawning.  Coupled 
with  these  thoracic  symptoms  felt  congestion  towards  head,  face  became  hot,  and 
head  began  to  ache.  Feeling  came  on  in  eyes  as  of  grains  of  sand  between  eyeball 
and  lids,  and  as  if  cool  wind  were  blowing  upon  eyes  from  without,  pupils  meanwhile 
being  unusually  dilated  ;  at  same  time  peculiar  drawing  developed  in  articulations  of 
lower  Jaw,  changing  to  moderate  pain  j  this  soon  abated,  but  was  repeated  once 
during  e.  Other  symptom*  were  same  as  from  last  experiment,  but  milder.  After 
quiet  n,,  awoke  with  slight  pressing  headache  and  distension  of  abdomen  ;  both 
vanished  after  bowels  acted  at  7  a.m.  After  dose  of  10  grs.,  all  these  symptoms  were 
repeated  with  addition  of  scraping  feeling  in  oesophagus.  At  4  p.m.,  abdomen  became 
unusually  distended.  Bo%vels  acted  shortly  afterwards,  excreta  being  hard,  dark 
brown, and  foul  smelling,  and  gave  pain  at  anus  in  passings  after  awhile  this  relieved 
distension  of  abdomen  ;  latter  was  distended  from  time  to  time,  but  was  relieved  by 
passage  of  6atus*  All  symptoms  gradually  decreased  until  towards  8  p.m.,  when  all 
reappeared;  headache  spread  this  time  from  1,  frontal  region  over  whole  head,  and 
pains  in  jaws  spread  to  muscles  of  neck.  Condition  reached  it"*  worst  at  1 1  p*m., 
then  moderating  rapidl^^,  so  that  by  11  nearly  all  symptoms  had  ceased.  After 
restless  n.,  felt  some  contusion  and  pres.*ing  pain  in  head  on  awakine,  with  considerable 
distension  of  abdomen  and  very  moderate  feeling  of  constriction  of  chest*  Soon  after 
rising  had  dark  brown,  soft,  yeasty,  and  foul-smelling  stool.  All  symptoms  had 
vanished  by  midday.  Repetition  of  dose  was  followed  by  same  symptoms.  Next 
m.  remarked  constriction  of  chest,  quickened  respiration  and  pulse,  and  distension  of 
abdomen.  At  9  a.m.,  pressure  in  stomach  came  on  again,  and  distension  of  abdomen 
became  very  troublesome.      During  m.,  felt  drawing  and  tearing  pains  in  neq* 


488 


ASAFCETIDA, 


extending  from  occiput  down  neck  to  arms,  resembling  rheuroadc  pains.     Urine  liid 
pungent  and  ammoniacal  odour,     (Ibid.) 

6.  PiENiTZ  took  I  gr,  on  March  i8th,  1815,  at  9  a,m.  Next  d.,  at  8  ajn.,  was 
seized  with  sharp  colicky  pains  in  abdomen,  with  rumbling  111  intestines,  distension  ol 
abdomen  and  loss  of  appetite,  followed  by  three  watery  stools.  Coupled  with  these  J 
were  heaviness  and  confusion  of  head,  with  pressing  pain  spreading  over  whole  head,! 
Puiie  was  small  and  les*  frequent,  skin  cold  and  dry.  By  midday  these  symptoii»J 
had  entirely  ceased.  After  2  gn>.,  noticed  no  ill-effects  until  next  d.,  when  he  haiH 
four  watery  evacuations,  without  pain^  but  with  much  passage  of  flatus  dowuM^riM 
in  spire  of  which  abdomen  remained  distended  during  whole  d.  Pulse  was  meaix^^H 
small  and  frequent.  After  3  gt^,,  felt  nothing  till  next  d,^  when  two  soft  evacu^^^| 
and  much  flatus  passed,  without  pain  in  alxlominal  organs.  Had,  however,  feeli^^H 
heaviness  and  fulness  in  abdomen  lasting  till  midday.  Pulse  was  small,  weak/lHI 
somewhat  frequent.  On  April  i5th>  at  9  a.m.,  took  +  grs.  At  ji  a.m.*  felfl 
trembling  over  whole  body,  skin  being  cold,  and  pulse  small  and  weak.  At  midday  1 
had  no  appetite.  In  afternoon  felt  two  transient  stitches,  one  after  another,  in  head, 
commencing  in  forehead  and  extending  to  occiput,  leaving  conftision  of  head,  lasting 
under  J  h.,  and  accompanied  by  slight  acceleration  of  pulse.  Next  m,  had  iwtfl 
liquid  stools,  followed  by  rumbling  in  intestines,  heaviness  and  distension  of  same^l 
lifting  till  midday.  Next  d.  had  three  liquid  stools  with  acute  pressing  pain  to^vmrdffl 
rectum.  After  6  grs.,  bowels  acted  twice  towards  c.,  evacuations  being  yeasty  •  samJ 
thing  occurred  on  following  d.  During  same  d.  that  this  dose  was  taken^  genitiiM 
remained  tor  several  hours  in  excited  condition.     {Ibid.)  I 

7.  SiEBENHAAtt  took  I  gr.  on  March  a6th,  at  9  a.m.  This  was  followed  bvl 
rumbling  and  gurgling  in  abdomen.  Aft:er  a  gt^.,  noticed  same  symptoms.  witiiJ 
confusion  of  head  and  full  and  quick  pulse,  lasting  till  towards  c.  Same  rtsuh&l 
followed  3  gns.,  with  addition  of  actual  pain,  especially  in  region  of  stomach.  A  111 
symptoms  only  lasted  till  tow^ards  e.  Dose  of  4  grs.  was  followed  -i  !/  byfl 
following  effects  ;  Heaviness  and  conftision  of  head  \  peculiar  pressing  f  '^t^«J 
relieved  after  mucous  expectoration  ;  bellyache  with  active  movements  ;iiig  nimblingl 
in  intestines;  some  loss  of  appetite  at  midday  ;  persistent  inclination  to  go  tu  stdot,  j 
followed  either  by  hard  farces  or  nathing  at  all  ;  full  and  quick  pulse  ;  and  genenil  J 
malaise.  These  symptoms  lasted  nearly  whole  d.  to  same  extent.  After  5  grs,>  felti 
same  effects,  but  more  intensely.  On  rising  next  m.,  felt  very  marked  nausea  amll 
great  inclination  to  vomit ;  latter  remained  undiminished  after  brcakfa<it  (of  bread  I 
and  butter)  and  he  felt  quite  out  of  sorts  generally.  Both  symptoms  lasted  till  mid  J 
day,  and  instead  of  appetite  for  dinner  he  felt  considerable  urging  to  vomit.  N<» 
vomiting  occurred,  bur  frequent  belching  of  foul-tasting  flatus,  At  j  pjn,,  nauscJ 
abated,  and  condition  improved  generally.  After  walking  for  x  h,  \n  open  air  during! 
afternoon  perceived  a  peculiar  affection  of  genirals,  in  consequence  of  which  letticle  J 
became  pamful,  especially  to  touch  or  on  movement,  lasting  4  h.     (Ibid,}  I 

8.  JoRG,  on  March  3ist|  at  9  am.,  took  i  gr.  After  J  h.  cutting  in  umbilicill 
region  came  on.  increased  on  sitting  down  and  pressing  abdomen^  and  lasting  till  e.  S 
coupled  with  this  i'th  peculiar  movements  in  stomach  and  in  oral  cavit)",  spasmodtcl 
conti^ctlons  of  former  alternating  with  increasing  nausea  and  inclination  to  vomit,! 
appearing  frequently  a^  if  peristaltic  movements  of  intestines  were  inclinetl  to  bccomJ 
reversed,  and  as  if  this  inclination  had  been  already  communicated  to  gullet  i  nal 
vomiting  followed,  but,  after  much  urging  to  stool,  passed  four  evacuations  of  hard! 
or  pappy  faeces.  Abdomen  remained  distended  all  rest  of  d.  in  spite  of  frequenci 
passage  of  flatus.  Next  m.  woke  with  same  inclination  to  go  to  stool,  but  bowels  did! 
not  open  all  d.  After  ij  grs.  felt  again  cutting  in  umbilical  region,  lasting  as  before,  ■ 
and  along  with  this  several  transient  stitches  in  and  under  frontal  bone,  and  later 
pressing  and  burning  under  sternum  with  frequenr  irritation  and  cough.  Taste  was 
after  I  h,  better,  became  after  1  h.  foul  and  acrid,  with  slight  nausea.  After  1  h,  J 
distension  of  intestinal  canal  came  on,  with  same  apparent  reversal  of  peristaltic  I 
action,  lasting  with  occasional  intermissions  till  late  in  e.j  former  being  worse  in  after-  ] 
noon  and  e.,  apparently  from  fact  that  after  constant  attempts  to  evacuate  bowel  only  1 
small,  dry,  hard  f^ccs  were  passed.  Next  d.  had  repeated  cutting  in  umbilical  region  j 
with  distension  of  abdomen,  and  persistent  constipation  in  spite  of  constant  urgiog  J 
to  stool  ;  pains  like  spasms  at  stomach,  and  a  feeling  kept  coming  and  going  a^  u  I 

urns  were  raw-     Constipaiion  las»ted  all  next  d.     On  Aptitjth^at  9  a.m.,  tooJL  a  Ma«.J 


ASAFCETIDA. 


489 


Very  shortly  felt  severe  cutting  pains  in  abdomen,  burning  in  region  of  stomach  and 
diaphragm,  distension  of  abdomen  and  freouent  urging  to  stool,  very  littk  hard  or 
soft  forces  being  passed.  Simultaneously  felt  confusion  of  head  with  frequent  stitches 
in  Irrontal  and  temporal  regions,  lasting  till  nearly  midday.  During  fore*  and  after- 
noon had  same  feeling  ot  rcvcrstcd  peristaltic  movement  of  bowels^  and  feeling  of 
urging  in  gullet  from  stomach  towards  mouth.  During  afternoon  rheumatic  pains 
icame  on  In  upper  and  lower  extremities.  In  region  of  scapula,  but  more  ei^peciafly  in 
'jomts,  situation  changing  at  tlmes^  lasting  till  e.  During  e.  noticed  rancid  tatty 
taAtc  in  mouth.  Next  d.  noticed  same  symptoms  as  from  previous  doses,  with  irri- 
table condition  of  gullet  and  taste  In  mouth  as  if  he  had  eaten  and  drunk  too  much 
the  d,  before,     Appetite  during  d,  was  lessened,  and  in  e.  felt  very  tired  and  sleepy. 

9.  Frau  Ch.,  after  i  gr,,  felt  slight  cutting  In  umbilical  region,  with  mild  pressing 
headache,  especially  in  forehead.  After  i^  gr^,  besides  above  symptoms  had  trouble- 
some dryness  in  gullet  without  thirst  and  constant  urging  to  stool  although  consti* 
pated.  After  1  gn^  early  symptoms  were  same  as  before.  Later  on  had  waterbrash 
several  times  and  occasional  cutting  pains  in  abdomen.  Next  d.  felt  nearly  all  d. 
pressure  in  stomach,  pressing  pain  in  forehead,  and  dryness  in  gulteL  Had  constant 
but  fruitless  urging  to  stool.  July  aSth,  8  a.m.,  took  a  J  grs.  After  5  m.  felt  burning 
in  g^illet^  after  J  h.  burning  in  stomach.  After  ij  h.  felt  pressing  headache^  especially 
in  r.  half;  and  after  a  h.  acute  labour-llke  pain  in  region  of  uterus,  lasting  5  m.,  and 
recurring  twice  within  i  h.  During  afternoon  and  e.  felt  great  lassitude  and  weariness 
with  desire  for  sleep.  Burning  in  throat  and  stomach  lasted  all  next  d.,  changing  into 
dryness,  without  thirst,  lasting  till  3rd  d.  Bowels  remained  constipated.  Took  3  grs. 
at  8  a.m.  Felt  immediately  burning  in  gullet  and  stomach.  After  1  h.  felt  pressing 
headache,  especially  in  forehead,  with  small  and  quickened  pulse  (10  beats  per  m.  above 
normal).  This  state  of  pulse  moderated  towards  midday,  and  cca-scd  towards  3  p.m. 
After  4  p.m.  had  several  attacks  of  above- mentioned  uterine  pains.  Burning  and 
pressing  in  stomach  lasted  till  next  d.,  when  they  were  replaced  by  drjncss  in  gullet 
and  sensitive  pressing  pain  in  stomach;  this  alternation  continued  tilt  4th  d.,  experi* 
meiiter  meanwhile  complaining  each  d.  of  great  lassitude  towards  e.  Bowels  remained 
constipated.  After  14  h.  catamenia  appeared^  10  d.  before  usual  time  j  flow  was  very 
scanty  for  3  d.,  later  became  natural.     {Ibid.) 

10.  L—  took  1^  grs.  on  July  18th,  at  9  a.m.  Felt  pressure  at  stomach  lasting 
whole  d.  with  heaviness  and  confusion  of  head,  changing  towards  e.  to  troublesome 
weariness.  Heaviness  of  head  frequently  amounted  to  veritable  pressure  over  eyes,  as 
if  from  great  sleepiness.  Same  symptoms  followed  dose  of  3  grs.,  pressure  at  stomach 
appearing  also  next  d.,  lasting  all  forenoon. 

1 1.  Th,,  after  3  grs.  taken  at  8  a.m.,  felt  pressing  headache,  especially  in  forehead, 
burning  in  throat,  pressure  in  stomach,  and  heaviness  in  whole  body,  all  symptoms 
except  last  vanishing  before  4  p,m,     {Ibid,) 

la.  Eduaud  JoRG  took  %\  grs.  on  July  28th,  at  8  a.m.  After  ^  h,  felt  pressing 
and  cutting  pains  in  stomach  and  abdomen,  lasting  till  midday  \  contusion  of  head 
proceeding  from  1.  half  of  vertex,  changing  to  pressure  towards  eyes  lasting  with  vary- 
mg  intensity  till  midday.  After  3  gth.  felt  same  pressure  at  stomach  lasting  3  h.,  and 
simultaneously  confusion  of  head,  changing  at  noon  to  vertigo.     (Ibid) 

13,  Theodor  JtiRG,  on  July  a8th,  at  9  a.m.,  took  %i  grs.  After  i  h.  felt 
ansient  stabbing  in  I.  thorax ;  after  2  h.  pressing  headache,  especially  in  forehead  and 
vtr  eyes,  together  with  dryness  in  mouth.  After  3  grs.,  felt  after  j  h.  pressure  at 
Stomach  j  after  1  h.  premising  headache  descending  towawls  eyes  and  nose,  fasting  4  h. 
Pressure  in  stomach  was  associated  with  much  gnimblirtg  and  rumbling  in  abdomen, 
passing  off  late  in  the  e.  with  abundant  passage  of  flatus  downwards,     (ibid.) 

II.  Poisonings. — ^i.  "In  the  very  frequent  employment  I  have  made  of  asafcctlda 
as  a  plaster  on  the  abdomen,  I  have  seen  in  men  undoubted  swelling  of  testicles,  and 
in  women  inflammation  and  great  swelling  of  genitals;  a  short  time  ago  this  happened 
to  ftuch  a  great  degree  in  a  woman  at  Bergen  that  I  had  to  treat  her  antiphlogistically. 
Although  the  woman  was  50  years  old,  and  the  catamenia  had  long  ceased,  her  breasts 
swelled  as  much  and  secreted  a  milky  fluid  as  though  she  w-as  In  the  9th  month  of 
pregnancy,"     (Boas,  Casper's  med,  Wochmsch.^  No.  51,  p.  83a.     1841.) 

a.  Jahn  reports  nymphomania  as  occurring  in  a  full>blooded  woman  after  taking 
strong  d osics  of  asaf.    {mat*  Med. ,  i ,  4s 3 . ) 


496 


ASARUM. 

Asarum  europ^mm^  L. ;  Asarahacca,  Haxelwort,     A.  canadcnse, 
Nat,  Ord.,  AristQlochiacea. 


wiM  ginger. 


L  Prtmngt,—!,  Hahhemann,  Mai.  Mid.  Pura^  vol  iii  of  onguuly  ▼oL  i  of 
translation.  Contains  ^70  tymptoms  from  self  and  fmir  otheriy  obteined  from  A*- 
europajum. 

1.  Several  year*  ago  I  attempted  to  prove  the  effect  of  the  A-  canader\»e  on  some 
women  students,  but  the  daily  reconds  were  not  properly  ivrittcn  up,  and  the  foUowing 
fragmentary  observatioDS  are  all  I  have.  They  reveal»  however,  the  general  character 
of  the  drug.  They  were  noted  while  taking  the  tincture  in  do«es  varying  from  Bj  to 
Jrs  per  diem,  which  were  continued  over  a  period  of  about  2  months.  On  taking  dose 
It  caused  burning  and  smarting  in  mouth,  this  being  followed  by  a  cold  sensation  from 
the  secretion  of  a  cjuantity  o?  tenacious  mucus.  Nausea  with  inclination  to  vomit 
followed,  and  vomiting  of  some  fluid  occurred  in  one  case.  Considerable  fiatus  wa;^ 
produced  in  both  stomach  and  bowels,  and  this  vras  followed  by  loose,  light. coloured 
stools.  The  bladder  was  much  irritated,  causing  very  frequent  urging,  although 
character  of  urine  did  not  seem  to  be  changed.  The  menses  appeared  *evcraJ  d. 
sooner  than  expected,  and  were  much  too  free,  rather  dark  in  colour,  and  painful 
During  the  provings  most  of  the  experimenters  were  excessively  nervous,  with  duil 
stupid  feeling  during  d*,  and  restless  sleep  at  n.  After  a  few  d.  they  suffered  much 
from  chilliness,  as  if  insufficiently  clothed,  but  did  not  seem  to  have  any  fever  or  any 
unusual  thirst.  There  was  muscular  twitching  in  various  parts  of  the  body,  a*  if 
cramps  were  setting  in  j  but  this  did  not  occasion  much  inconvenience,  (G»  W. 
WiNTERBURN,  M.D.,  Jm£n  Horn.,  April,  1883,) 


ASCLEPIAS^ 

Aul^ias  CQrni^ti,  Decaisne,  syr'iaca,  L. ;  milk-weed,  silk*weed.     A.  tuhirhsHt  L.  { 

butterfly. weed  J  pleurisy  root.     Nat.  Ord.,  AicUpiadacea. 

Asolepias  syriaca.  L  Provbigi^ — i  a.  Dr.  Clersorne  took  wineglassfril  of 
infusion  of  dried  root  3  times  a  d.  for  5  d,,  without  effect  save  slight  nausea*  and 
increased  flow  of  pale  urine,  of  lighter  up.  gr,  than  usual.  On  taking  same  4  or  5 
times  daily  there  was  also  vomiting  and  ardor  urinae.  Infusion  of  fresh  root  proved 
still  more  active  in  same  direction, 

k  Of  inspissated  juice  of  fresh  herb  he  took  3  times  daily  3  grs»,  increasing  dose 
up  to  5  grs.,  when  he  had  to  desist  on  account  of  excessive  nausea,  tickling  in  rauces, 
and  violent  headache  chiefly  between  eyes, 

f.  Of  fluid  extract  of  dried  root,  each  Jj  representing  Jj,  he  took,  July  14th,  to  dr%. 
writhout  eflect.  On  %$th^  9  a.m.,  13  drs.;  at  noon  10  drs,  more,  followed  by  decided 
diuresis.  a6th, — 10  dr.  at  1 1  a.m.  and  a  p.m.  caused  same,  with  dizziness  for  i  h,^ 
and  tickling  in  fauces,  27th. — 30  drs.  at  11,  and  ao  at  a  ;  diuresis,  tickling  at  end 
of  penis,  uneasiness  at  stomach,  severe  headache,  quick  (91)  full  pulse.  aSth. — Awoke 
with  severe  headache,  and  disagreeable  feeling  at  stomach.  Omitted  med.  for  %  d. 
30th, — At  noon  35  drs.,  and  at  3  p.m,  15  drs,,  after  which  nausea,  inclination  to  stool, 
slight  colic,  and  diuresis.  At  8  p.m.  copious  evacuation,  brown  and  sofr,  with  slight 
griping;  pulse  98^  heart's  action  sensibly  increased.  3tst. — 4.0  drs.  at  it  a.m.  pro* 
duced  vomiting,  leaving  system  much  relaxed  and  pulse  frequent  and  feeble.  Aug. 
md. — ^30  drs,  at  lo  a.m,  and  12. 30  p.m.  Again  vomiting,  severe  and  long-continuedt 
leaving  sense  of  rawness  in  stomach  and  slight  pain,  coldness  of  surface,  feeble  pulsc^ 
and  feeling  as  if  some  sharp  instrument  were  thrust  through  from  one  temple  to  the 
other.  5rd. — At  9  a.m,  20  drs.  At  noon  soft  yellowish  stool  j  appetjte  much 
increased.  He  continued  taking  fl.  extr.  until  nearly  Jij  w-ere  ingested  daily.  He 
gives  no  further  daily  record,  but  states  his  symptoms  to  have  been, — violent  vomiting, 
with  retching  j  burning  and  tickling  sensations  in  fauces  and  throat ;  stomach  feeling 
painful  and  raw  ;  increased  secretion  of  bile,  leading  to  copious  fluid  yellowish  stools, 


ASCLEPIAS.  4^1 

with  some  griping  pain  and  excoriation  at  anus ;  headache,  constrictive  across  forehead, 
or  between  eyes ;  hunger  even  soon  after  a  hearty  meal.  {Amer.  Joum,  of  Med.  Sc, 
vol.  xlii.) 

2.  Dr.  Potter  took,  during  about  6  d.,  full  doses  of  cold  and  warm  infusion,  and 
of  tincture,  of  root.  First  proved  diuretic,  second  diaphoretic,  third  caused  headache 
and  drowsiness.  All  increased  bronchial  secretion.  For  3  d.  preceding  experiment 
his  urine  averaged  35  oz.  per  diem ;  sp.  gr.  was  1019  ;  solid  matter  568  gn.  Pulse 
was  68.  On  ist  d.  of  proving  (cold  infusion)  urine  was  128  oz. ;  sp.  p.  1020  ;  solid 
matter  600  grs.  j  pulse  67.  On  2nd  d.  there  was  but  a  small  increase  ot  water  ;  sp.  gr. 
and  solid  matter  same  j  pulse  66.  On  3rd  d.  quantity  139  oz.,  sp.  gr.  1019;  solid 
matter  608  grs.;  pulse  63.  On  4th,  5th,  and  6th  d.  quantity  averaged  135  oz.  per 
diem,  solid  matter  700  grs. ;  pulse  60.     (TiUen's  Journ.  of  Mat.  Med.,  vol.  i.) 

3.  Same  gave  to  a  young  healthy  man,  at  9  p.m.  in  bed,  Jiij  of  warm  infiision.  *In 
i  h.  sweating  began,  which  in  1  h.  was  profuse ;  and,  infusion  being  repeated  every  a 
h.,  continued  all  n.  Effect  on  brain  was  agreeable  at  first ;  afterwards  somewhat 
soporific.  Same  occurred  following  n.  On  3rd  d.  saturated  tinct.  of  dry  root  was 
conmienced,  5J  every  3  h.  during  d.,  and  continued  for  4  d.  After  2nd  dose  (8  p.m.) 
he  felt  in  I  h.  some  dizziness  and  headache  ;  slept  soundly,  with  moist  skin,  and  passed 

4  oz.  more  urine  than  usual  next  m.  After  the  4th  d.  little  relish  for  food  ;  appeared 
dull  and  stupid  j  bowels  acted  oftener  than  usual ;  tongue  white  furred  ;  pulse  (nor- 
mally 75)  64.     In  a  few  d.  he  was  in  his  usual  health.     (Ibid.) 

Asolepias  tuberosa.  I.  Proving^. — i.  Dr.  Thos.  Nichol,  xt.  34,  strong, 
sanguine  temp. ;  accustomed  to  proving,  and  susceptible  to  drugs.  Nov.  9th,  1865,  in 
excellent  health,  took  at  11.45  a.m.  20  drops  ist  dec.  dil.  tinct.  of  root ;  in  15  m.  dry 
cough  with  constriction  of  throat }  at  12,  feeling  of  warmth  in  chest,  with  dull  pain  at 
base  of  both  lungs,  with  feeling  of  tightness.  At  12.30  p.m.  sharp  pains  shooting  ftom 
left  nipple  downward,  with  stiffness  of  left  side  of  neck.  Pulse  was  64  at  commence- 
ment ox  proving,  is  now  88  and  small.  Warmth  of  skin.  At  3  p.m.  30  drops  ist 
dec.  dil. ;  at  3.30  return  of  pain  beneath  left  nipple,  with  palpitation  of  heart. 
Throughout  e.  pains  kept  increasing,  making  respiration  painfiil,  especially  at  base  of 
1.  lung,  which  is  dull  on  percussion,  while  cough  i&  dry  and  spasmodic.  At  10  p.m. 
40  drops  ist.  dec.  dil.  Was  awake  about  4  a.m.,  found  pain  increased  and  cough 
worse.  Towards  e.  unusual  elevation  of  spirits.  Nov.  loth. — 40  drops  at  11  a.m. 
At  12  m.  dull  aching  headache  in  forehead  and  vertex,  aggravated  by  motion  and 
relieved  by  lying  down.  At  12.25  P*'"-  rumbling  and  uneasiness  in  bowels  with 
feeling  of  heat  in  umbilical  region.  Headache  presses  deeply  on  base  of  skull,  and  is 
very  similar  to  the  ipec.  headache.  Itching  of  skin  of  thighs,  though  no  eruption 
visible.  At  4.30  p.m.  pain  moved  up  to  behind  sternum  and  became  more  sharp  and 
cutting;  aggravated  by  drawing  long  breath  and  by  motion  of  hands  as  in  triturating. 
Chilly,  with  cold  feet,  though  room  was  warm.  At  5  p.m.  40  drops.  Singing  or 
loud  speaking  aggravates  thoracic  pain.  At  10  p.m.  40  drops.  Nov.  nth,  at  9.30 
p.m.,  50  drops.  Swimming  of  heaa  with  dulness  behind  forehead.  Continued  itching 
of  thighs  and  nates.  Cough  continues  dry  and  harsh,  and  coughing  causes  pain  in 
forehead  and  abdomen.  Pain  in  lungs  relieved  by  bending  forward.  Spaces  between 
ribs  close  to  sternum  are  tender  on  pressure,  and  pain,  which  is  quick,  darting,  and 
more  acute  than  at  first,  shoots  over  to  r.  side.  At  noon  pain  was  shooting  up  to  1. 
shoulder,  which  was  painful  in  motion.  At  9  p.m.  cheerful  mood  changed,  and, 
without  any  exterior  cause,  became  fretful  and  peevish.  Nov.  12th. — Uneasy  sleep 
during  first  part  of  preceding  night,  with  friehtful  dreams,  which  awoke  him  at  3  a.m. 
Found  pain  of  1.  lune  had  abated,  and  left  feeling  of  weariness,  though  pain  returned 
on  coughing  or  drawing  deep  inspiration.  Pain  is  now  very  acute  on  r.  side,  and  seems 
seated  in  pleura.  Cough  diy  and  hacking,  though  a  little  mucus  is  raised  with  great 
effort.  9  a.m.,  head  feels  dull  and  gloomy;  sharp  shooting  pains  in  r.  shoulder.  10 
p.m.,  20  drops  0.  At  4  p.m.  pressing  pain  in  bowels  and  emission  of  foetid  flatulence. 
At  5  p.m.  pressive  pain  in  stomach,  with  rumbline  in  bowels.  Languor  and  disincli. 
nation  for  work.  Awoke  3  a.m.  by  nimblins  m  bowels,  accompanied  by  sharp 
cutting  pains ;  felt  tranquil  and  calm,  though  pain  very  severe.  Nov.  1 3th. — Soft  and 
foetid  stool  at  1 1  a.m.,  preceded  by  rumbling  in  bowels.  Thoracic  pains  easier  to-day, 
though  still  felt  in  re^on  of  diaphragm  and  on  motion.     At  4  p.m.  30  drops  0.     At 

5  p.m.  another  stool  similar  to  tnat  in  morning ;  this  is  an  unusual  occurrence.  At 
It  p.ni.  urging  to  stool.    Slept  all  night,  but  gloomy  and  frightful  dreams.    On 


49a 


ASPARAGUS. 


■waking  at  6  a.Tn,  rumbling  in  bowels  with  sorcnrss  of  peritoneum;  duJl  pain  on 
jjressure,  Nov.  i4.th,  at  7  a*m.,  40  drops  of  mt  dec.  dil,,  as  I  had  noted  raort  decided 
'  symptoms  from  it  than  from  mother  tincture.  Languid  and  duJl  all  d»,  both  in  body 
and  mind.  Felt  precisely  as  if  recovering  from  long,  severe  &ickness.  Ajipctitc  defi- 
cient^ disagreeable  feeling  of  weight  at  stomach,  Nov,  15th, — Aching  pains  in  knce% 
and  driving  pains  in  thighs,  and  feci  ^till  more  languid  than  on  preceding  d.  Slept 
all  n,  till  5  a.m.,  when  I  was  awoke  by  frightful  dreamy  which  had  haunted  mc  all  0* 
Chest  feels  weak  and  sore,  without  cough,  though  no  pain  felt  on  drawing  iongbrcarh* 
(Hale,  Nrvj  Remedts^  md  cd.) 


ASPARAGUS. 

Aipdraguj  agicm&Hs^  L.     Nat.  Ord.,  Litidci^* 

I.  ProviHgs. — 1.  a. — N — (ist  proving),  a  man,  ct.  *6.  a+th  March,  ii  a^na., 
30  drops  tincture.  Soon  dizziness  in  sinciput,  later*  pressure  in  temples,  mostly  I. 
Pulsations  of  heart,  felt  and  heard,  also  when  moving  moderately.  Increased  secrtrtion 
of  saliva.  3  p.m»,  60  drops.  Increased  heat  of  face,  slight  vertigo,  drowsiness,  and 
yawning,  shooting  on  r.  side  of  glana  penis.  Scanty  straw-coloured  urine  that  imme- 
diately after  being  passed  becumes  turbid  and  full  of  white  dust ;  after  4  h.  a  white 
flaky  sediment  ts  acpostted  and  the  urine  becomes  clear.  After  the  urine  had  been 
poured  out  and  the  glass  rinsed  with  water  a  distinct  fatty  deposit  appeared  on  the 
tfdcs  of  the  glass.  Eructation  j  wind  in  stomach.  Pressure  on  forehead  with  con- 
"usion  of  sinciput ;  burning  of  cheeks,  frequent  scanty  discharge  of  urine,  preceded 
by  sensation  of  something  sticking  in  urethra,  at  same  time  slight  burning.  Urging 
to  urinate.  Increased  thirst.  Increased  acuteness  of  vision. — xjrd.  On  waking  and 
,  itretching  himself  severe  cramp-pain  in  r.  calf  so  that  he  could  have  cried  out,  relieved 
||>y  rubbing,  but  all  d.  the  r.  leg  remained  weak.  7  a-m,,  70  drops.  Urine  has  a 
peculiar  smell.  Excitement  and  mcrease  of  sexual  desire.  Discharge  of  much  flatus. 
Hawking  and  irritation  to  cough,  the  mucus  will  not  come  away.  Fit»  of  coughing 
with  retching.  From  i  h.  after  breakfast,  cough  relieved.  Oppression  of  che*f. 
Drowsiness  and  yawning.  Full  feeling  of  abdomen.  Increased  heat.  Urine  clear, 
but  smells  badly.  1.30  p.m.,  ao  drops.  Pressing  in  both  temples,  increased  by 
pressing  on  them.  Weight  of  sinciput.  The  urine  passed  at  4  p.m.  was  again 
turbid,  afterwards  It  cleared,  but  deposited  a  white  flaky  sediment, — X4th,  7  a.m.,  100, 
8  a.m.,  50  drops.  Even  before  taking  it  siight  threatenings  of  cramp  in  calves. 
Exhausting  cough  %vith  oppression  of  chest,  much  mucus  expectorated.  Exhausting 
cough  causing  him  to  vomit  and  brought  the  water  into  his  eyes.  Sweetish  flat  taste. 
Almost  constant  hawking  and  rough  feeling  in  throat.  Pressure  in  chest  after  break* 
ftist.  Shooting  in  left  side  of  chest  on  inspiring,  which  was  only  very  slight  yesterday 
afternoon,  came  on  to-day  very  disrinctly,  but  does  not  last  long.  When  vitting  shoot 
through  the  back  in  region  of  lumbar  vertebrae.  When  coughing  retching.  Pinching 
in  umbilical  region,  which  is  painful  to  touch,  1 J  h.  after  dinner,  urine  again  turbid 
but  not  dark,  with  fine  dust,  which  becomes  more  distinct  on  diluting  the  urine  with 
distilled  water.  Urine  smells  as  before.  The  urine  that  has  stood  during  the  n. 
makes  a  reddish  deposit  on  walls  of  vessel.  Stool,  afternoon,  not  copious  (accustomed 
to  a  stool  every  m.).  E.,  twitching  in  belly  below  navel.  Tightness  of  chest,  espe- 
cially when  writing,  lo  p.m.,  before  falling  asleep  drawing  in  a  toe  on  I.  foot  which 
had  been  wounded  when  nc  was  a  boy,  5  a,m.,  vmces  with  nausea,  thereafter  vomits 
4  times  what  he  had  eaten  for  supper,  with  bile  and  much  slime,  thereafter  bilious, 
feculent  diarrhoea  j  a  J  h.  later  recurrence  of  the  vomiting  with  more  oppression.  The 
urine  more  turbid  than  before.  Dislocation. pain  when  walking,  forenoon,  on  neck  of 
1.  femur,  preventing  tjuick  walking  and  making  him  limp. — 16th,  7  a.m.,  60  drops* 
Cheerfulness  all  d.  The  dislocation-pain  when  vralking  comes  again.  Inclination  to 
hawk  and  cough  les*  than  2  d.  ago.  Slight  feeling  of  shooring  in  cardiac  region  after 
dinner.  Palpitation  of  heart  with  anxioui  restlessness,  increased  by  movement  and 
going  upstairs.  1  p.m.,  10  drops.  4  p.m.,  pain  at  the  top  of  sacrum.  Pressure  in 
chest,  tension  on  inspiring.  Feeling  as  if  chest  were  hollow,  with  external  pressure  on 
tt. — »7th,  7  a.m.,  aoo  drops.  Coppery  taAtc.  Inclination  to  hawk  or  cough  coming 
ftom  deep  down  in  throat  j  the  mucua  easily  detached  at  every  cough.     Bruised  paia 


ASPARAGUS. 


493 


of  muscles  on  middle  of  thigh  rendering  walking  difficult,  especially  when  going 
downstair*.  On  touching  the  part  sore  pam»  K.  lower  extremity  suffers  more  than 
J*  When  sitting  sudden  fihoot  through  r,  thorax  making  him  jump  (lo  a.m.). — i8th, 
7  a,m.,  80  drops*  Most  of  the  symptoms  aggravated  by  movement,  frequent  palpita- 
tion of  heart  |  oppression  of  chest,  teni^ion  on  inspiring  increased,  threatening^  of 
pains  in  lumbar  region  all  afternoon,  so  that  he  must  often  bend  the  chest  forward* 
and  head  backwards  in  order  to  get  relief.  Later  in  c.,  shooting  at  first  above  the  r., 
then  above  the  I.  side  of  I,  knee  %vhen  sitting, — ^i9th,  6  a.m.,  150  drops.  Rheumatic 
pain  in  r.  shoulder,  burning  in  urethra,  hawking  of  mucus,  fatiguing  cough  with 
inclination  to  tussiculation,  retching  on  attempting  to  cough  so  that  the  water  comes 
into  eyes,  8  a.m,,  100  drops.  Heart's  beats  scarcely  can  be  felt,  pulse  small,  easily 
compressed.  Abdomen  swollen.  Sore  pain  in  upper  surface  of  thigh  when  touched, 
or  on  flexing  the  limb  at  knee-  and  hip-joint,  for  3  d,,  which  rendeni  walking  difficult. 
R.  limb  weaker  than  1.  Giddy  in  tmciput.  Palpitation  o(  heart  all  d,,  e«ipecially 
after  moving.  Urinary  secretion  somewhat  increased,  In  afternoon  the  urine  again 
contains  appearance  of  dust  particle*.  Towards  c,  some  cough.  Pain  in  shoulder 
when  touched.     Rheumatic  pain?i  berwixt  scapular, 

b,  (and  proving).  Took  doses  of  from  30  to  40  drops  of  same  tincture,  w^hich 
caused  irregular,  double  heart's  beats.  Pulse  when  sitting  quickened.  Palpitation 
when  sitting,  so  that  the  leaves  of  a  book  he  holds  in  his  hands  tremble.  Diminished 
urinary  secretion.  Urine  dark  coloured  without  sediment,  after  urinating  burning  in 
urethra  with  a  feeling  as  if  the  urine  were  still  flowing.     Yawning,  drowsiness  in  m,, 

E ricks  and  creeping  m  eyes,  pressure  of  brain  against  eyes.     A  carious  molar  becomes 
ollow  and  breaks  off  without  pain.     (Euchner,  Bygea,  xii,  416.) 

a.  St.,  a  healthy  man,  aet.  35,  blond  and  thin,  sneezed  much  on  smelling  the 
tincture  ;  ao  drops  caused  no  particular  effect.  One  m,  he  took  40  drops.  Confusion 
of  head  and  a  giddy  staggering,  cutting  and  burning  in  urethra,  dysuria,  at  same  time 
1  drawing  pains  in  both  groins,  pains  in  abdomen,  with  bilious  diarrhoea,  burning  and 
sore  pain  in  anus.  Next  forenoon  he  took  30  drops,  when  he  observed  :  tickling  and 
irritation  to  cough  ;  mucus  expectorated  wnth  difficulty.  Dyspncca  on  moving  or 
on  going  upstairs.  Must  sit  up  m  bed  at  n.  in  order  to  breathe  more  easily.  Next  d. 
6  drops.  Peculiar  anxiety  with  palpitation  and  crossness.  On  inspiring,  shooting  in 
several  parts  of  chest,  especially  under  1.  scapula.  Much  viscid  mucus  from  throat. 
Urging  to  urinate,  urine  smells  strongly.     Saliva  sweet,  ai  though  mixed  with  blood. 

3.  A  girl  of  10,  who  had  the  menses  regularly  for  3  d,,  got  on  the  and  d.  of  her 
menstruation  in  the  e.  60  drops,  and  the  same  dose  next  m*  The  menses  lasted  a  d. 
longer  than  usual.     {Ihid.) 

4»  M — ,  17  years  old,  subject  to  rheumatism,  took  Sth  Aug.,  1840,  100  drops 
tincture.  Slight  bitter  sweet  taste  on  tongue.  Coryza,  with  commencing  dryness  and 
slight  swelling  of  nasal  cavity,  the  passage  of  air  through  it  obstructed.  Slight  pres- 
sure  in  forehead.  Violent  coryza  with  copious  secretion  of  thin  whitish  fluid  from  1. 
nostril.  Frequent  sneezing.  Slight  febrile  state  with  dull  drowsiness  at  3  p.m. 
Violent  cory^a  with  pre&sive  pain  from  root  of  nose  to  sinciput.  Frequent  micturi- 
tion with  pinpricks  in  orifice  of  urethra, — 9th,  m,,  100  drops.  After  9  a.m.  com- 
mencing dry  coryra  with  discharge  as  yesterday.  Speaks  through  nose.  Loss  of 
smell,  violent  sneezing.  Frequent  emission  of  urine,  followed  by  violent  stitches  at 
orifice  of  urethra.  Swelling  of  penis  with  erections  and  urging  to  urine.  Diminished 
secretion  of  saliva. — loth,  m.,  100  drops.  Coryza  with  thin  whitish  mucus  from  r, 
nostril,  Conftjsion  of  sinciput.  Violent  stitches  in  orifice  of  urethra  after  frequent 
urination.  Slight  chilliness  with  drowsiness.  Peculiar  urging  to  stool  and  difficult 
evacuation  of  the  hard  f«cces.  Itching  in  anus,— itth,  400  drops.  Dry  coryza 
with  obstruction  of  air,  otherwise  little  remarkable.  On  leaving  on  the  secretion  of 
saliva  became  more  copious,  and  he  had  frequent  spitting  of  blood.     (Ibid.,^.  H,  /., 


494 


ASTERIAS, 


I  ASTERIAS.  ■ 

1  Asthrias  rubtntf  urasttr  ruhtm.     Common  star-fish*     Nat.  ord.,  RaSst^,    ^H 

I,  Pro^viHgs. — I.  Petroz.     (No  information  ^ven  save  list  of  provers.)  ^H 

Mad.  E— ».     On  tt»t  d,,  obtuse  shoots  in  front  ot  thigh.     On  ind  d.,  shooting  pain  ^ 
in  r,  tempk ;  dulncss  of  hearings  most  marked  on  r,  &ide      On  3rd  d.,  f^ce  red  and 

fJuflTy;  swelling  of  tongue;  colic,  followed  by  diarrhoea  ;  when  upright^  weaJtness  ot  1 
cgi,  to  degree  of  needing  help  in  walking;  much  heat  in  head,  then  in  ail  bodr,  I 
desire  for  cold  drinks  and  to  feel  cold  wuthin  and  without.     On  4th  d»,  face  still  red ; 
liquid  brown  stool,  expelled  with  force ;  shooting  pain  to  r,  and  I  of  lower  sternum,  j 
of  short  duration,  relieved  by  bending  backwards.     On  5th  d,,  tongue  not  free  to  u^e, 
repugnance  to  speech  j  salii-^a  more  copious  than  usual,-  irritation  of  throat,  already 
k  experienced,  now  becomes  more  sensible.     On  6th  d.,  throat  dry»     On  7th  d,,  dull 
lexpression,  something  stupid  about  attitude  and  look.     On  9th  a,,  burning  darttngs 
» in  great  trochanter  and  1.  coxo-femoral  joint,  going  like  lightning  down  to  outer 
hamstrings.     On  toth  d.,  attacks  of  vertigo  ;  heat  of  skin,  fever  to^vards  m.,  chill,  | 
heat  followed  by  cold.     Without  date, — drawing  pain  in  tongue.     (Jeurm^  de  la  Sfic. 
Cam  i,  215O 

1.  Madlle.  M — .  On  ist  d.,  head  hot,  surrounding  air  seems  hot;  eyes  hot  j 
constipation,  fruitless  desire  for  stool,  symptom  she  had  never  had;  fulness  of  head, 
which  seems  to  distend  at  sides.  On  znd  d.,  sadness  alternating  with  almost  unbear-  1 
able  cerebral  excitement,  desire  to  undertake  any  intellectual  or  physical  work,  to 
w^aik,  or  do  any  violent  exercise,  a  state  not  at  all  like  drunkenness  from  intoxicants,  i 
is  more  a  moral  drunkenness  ^  fulness  as  of  congestion  in  head,  and  even  at  times  as 
of  rush  of  blood  to  head,  with  sense  of  heat  and  distension  laterally,  even  to  burstitig; 
beating  in  head;  boring  pain  over  1.  eve,  coming  and  going  suddenly,  making  eye* 
brows  contract,  and  sight  dimmed  as  by  fog;  frequent  emission  oi  limpid  urine ; 
general  anguish  on  womb  like  something  pushing  outwards;  general  feeling  of  menses 
coming  on  j  fluttering  m  utenis ;  drawing  pam  in  breasts  ^  numbness  of  l.  band 
extending  to  arm.  At  n.,  many  dreams  of  people  and  events  ;  strikingly  clcaj*  viuoi)% 
as  if  one  saw,  touched,  and  heard  the  people  dreamt  of,  as  when  awake,  but  without 
painful  impression.  On  3rd  d.,  sadness  alternating  with  cerebral  excitement  as  on 
and  d.  ^  weeping  with  despair,  succeeded  by  almost  immediate  calm  j  sudden  pain  r. 
side  of  head  \  pain  as  of  cranium  being  crushed ;  jpain  on  top  of  head,  as  if  cranium 
was  splittings  eyes  are  drawn  back  (tires  en  arnerf)  {  flatulence  which  tires  much 
after  each  meal,  as  it  neither  rises  nor  goes  downwards ;  alternate  swelling  up  and 
diminution  of  abdomen  ;  drawings  in  wtiIIs  of  abdomen  ;  difficult,  iirm  stool ;  slight 
haemorrhoidal  swelling ;  feeling  of  pressure  on  lower  abdomen,  impeding  walking  j 
unaccustomed  moisture  of  vagina,  which  relieves  5  each  m.  in  bed,  exaltation  of  sexual  , 
desire  i  sweliine,  distension  in  breasts  as  before  menses  ^  cold  in  1.  arm,  feels  as  struck  j 
by  cold  wind ;  lancinating  pain  in  toes,  especially  in  big  toe  of  1.  foot,  with  very  great 
heat,  and  sensitiveness  which  hmders  wearing  a  boot,  after  sunset  and  indoors  it  get*  | 
worse,  skin  is  red — more  so  from  heat,  cold  air  or  water  relieves  directly,  but  heat  of 
bed  brings  it  on  again,  although  it  ceases  during  first  half  of  n.  (thh  pain  came  again 
several  c.)  j  great  uneasiness  in  lower  limbs  in  closed  room.  Desire  for  fresh  air;  i 
aversion  to  cvcrj^thing  which  might  increase  heat  of  body,  great  de«ire  to  use  cokl^  ' 
water  lotions  ^  sleep  from  2  a,m.  to  midday ;  dreams  as  on  md  n.  of  people  and 
events.  On  ^th  d.,  blood  more  violently  to  head;  violent  pressive  pain  in  forehead, 
which  seems  to  crush  eyes  with  enormous  "eight  j  light  hard  to  bear ;  no  appetite* 
taste  lost ;  slight  redness  with  mealy  efflorescence  on  chest  j  uneasiness  in  limbsy 
especially  at  bend  of  arms,  can  hardly  bear  arms  covered.  On  5th  d.,  pressive  pain 
on  r.  side  of  occiput  which  renders  walking  difficult ;  severe  colic  with  chill 
alternating  with  puffs  of  heat  to  face ;  drawing  sensation  in  r.  hip,  as  if  leg  was  , 
too  long  and  drawn  downwards  j  want  of  open  air,  anxiety,  impatience  indoors. 
On  7th  d.,  blinking  of  eyelids,  their  free  edge  is  red ;  pain  in  eyes  from  within 
outwards.  On  Sth,  jth^  and  toth  d,,  uncertain  appetite,  longing  for  highly-seasoned 
dishes,  high  cheese,  liqueurs,  coffee,  tea.  On  jith  d.,  at  T  elbow,  on  olecranon, 
round  red  spot  size  of  a  franc ;  causes  neither  itching  nor  burning,  becomes  covered 
with  a  scurfy,  dry,  friable  layer,  which  drops  after  1  d.,  without  leaving  miymatfei 


ASTERIAS.  49S 

similar  eruption,  less  large,  on  front  of  same  arm.  Without  date, — slight  dartings  in 
brain;  great  pressive  pain  at  sinciput  in  m.,  disappears  with  difHcultv  during  d. 
through  walk  in  open  air ;  towards  midday,  headache  goes  off  with  feeling  of 
explosion,  in  which  there  is  greater  clearness  of  thoughts;  on  chest  a  spot  size  of  palm 
of  child's  hand,  causing;  violent  itching,  the  redness  disappeared  after  5  or  6  d.     (Ibid.) 

3.  M — .  On  5th  d.,  numbness  of  hypothenar  eminence  and  little  linger.  On  6th  d., 
ennui,  sinking  feeling,  as  if  misfortune  were  going  to  happen,  and  if  he  knew  what  it  was, 
would  give  way  to  weeping  rather  than  bear  up  and  be  angry.  Without  date, — several 
soft  stools  in  a  d. ;  feeling  as  of  1.  breast  being  drawn  inwards ;  dull,  hardly  per- 
ceptible, distant  heart-beating,  seems  as  if  heart  had  stopped.     {Ibid,) 

4.  M.  M — .  On  6th  d.,  feeling  of  excessive  anguish  from  midday  to  3  p.m.,  as  if 
misfortue  were  threatening,  as  if  bad  news  were  coming ;  then  feeling  as  if  one  could 
give  way  to  crying.  Without  date, — irritation,  anger,  seeking  someone  to  pick  a 
quarrel  with  ;  midday  to  2  p.m.,  tightness  in  precordial  region.     (Ibid,) 

5.  P — .  On  ist  d.,  confusion  in  brain ;  weight  of  head  after  x  h.  j  heavy  head,  heat, 
beating  in  head,  face  red  ;  m.,  eructations  violent  and  frequent ;  after  e.  meal  general 
uneasiness ;  skin  hot,  pulse  frequent  and  full.  On  2nd  d.,  beating  in  head  on 
ascending,  on  walking;  nausea;  dull  pain  in  1.  coxo-femoral  joint  in  m.  On  3rd  d., 
bounding  palpitations ;  when  stronger  they  extend  to  epigastrium,  with  feeling  of 
tightness ;  burning  dartings  in  great  trochanter  and  1.  coxo-femoral  joint,  going  like 
lightning  down  to  outer  hamstring ;  shuddering  with  sonmolency,  skin  hot,  restless 
n.  On  4th  d.  injected  eyes ;  fatigue  of  lower  limbs.  On  5th  d.,  drawing  pain  towards 
inner  part  of  chest  from  front  backwards,  under  1.  nipple,  extends  along  inner  part  of 
arm  to  extremity  of  little  finger ;  hemorrhoidal  flux.  On  6th  d.,  hafmorrhoidsu  flux  ; 
hard  to  work  in  e. ;  deep  dartings  in  front  of  thigh.  On  7th  d.,  dull  hearing,  sounds 
of  river  flowing,  of  waves ;  aversion  to  meat ;  in  m.,  after  much  severe  eructation, 
fatigue  and  great  heat  of  stomach ;  dull  pain  by  shoclh  in  r.  side  of  abdomen  and 
near  navel ;  trequent  urging  to  urinate,  urine  more  copious ;  feeling  of  fulness  in  chest, 
causing  syncope  to  be  fiearra ;  during  n.  and  m.  uneasiness  at  heart.  On  8th  d.,  urine 
thick,  viscous;  heat  in  urethra  on  urinating.  On  9th  d.,  bleeding  of  nose.  On  loth 
d.,  atter  moment*s  reading,  obliged  to  rest,  tendency  to  sleep.  On  x  ith  d.,  symptoms 
disappear  little  by  little,  leaving  moral  sensitiveness,  which  makes  one  inclined  to 
weep  under  influence  of  least  emotion ;  formication  in  lower  extremities ;  burning 
heat  in  feet ;  restless  sleep.  Without  date, — firequent  erections  during  sleep ;  pressive 
pain  in  forehead,  feeling  of  fulness,  contraction  of  muscles,  and  pressive  tightening 
(jemrnna  fnssiJT)  over  eyes.     {Ibid,) 

6.  P.  J — .  On,  xst  d.,  recurring  throat  irritation,  with  heat  of  short  duration. 
On  6th  d.,  slight  disturbance  of  intellect  with  general  weakness ;  woke  up  at  n.  with 
great  uneasiness ;  brain  seemed  shaken  by  electric  shocks,  head  seemed  empty,  con. 
sdousness  almost  nil,  fear  of  apoplectic  attack  for  several  min.  at  n. ;  when  he  came  to 
his  senses  pulse  was  hard,  much  quickened ;  r.  carotid  beat  violently ;  this  lasted  till 
e.  next  d.  Numbness  of  hands  and  fingers  lasting  till  end  of  8th  d.  On  7th  and  8th 
d.,  pain  firom  joint  of  thumb  to  shouMer;  drawing  pain  outer  1.  thigh.  Without 
date, — bleeding  of  nose  3  times  in  5  d.  Pain  in  r.  hip  and  all  1.  side  to  shoulder-blade, 
lasts  till  6th  d.,  and  gives  rise  to  fever.     (Ibid,) 

7.  Mad.  T — .  On  I  St  d.,e.,  extraordinary  liveliness.  Without  date, — pain  below 
sternum ;  very  slight  eruption  between  breasts ;  broken  feeling  in  lower  limbs ;  pain 
in  joint  of  r.  foot.    {Ibid,) 

8.  T — .  On  xst  d.,  vertigo  on  walking ;  sharp  and  transient  dartings  in  forehead, 
in  temples,  especially  in  occiput ;  pressure  in  temples ;  dull  pain  seeming  to  take  up 
whole  oesophagus;  adl  1.  chest  painful;  discomfort  increased  by  motion.  On  2nd  d., 
dull  pain  in  muscles  of  precordial  region ;  pam  in  tendons  of*  flexors  of  1.  wrist ;  pain 
in  r.  shoulder ;  pain  in  1.  knee ;  pain  in  joints  of  1.  foot.  On  3rd  d.,  shooting  pains 
for  several  seconds  in  auditory  canal,  then  centring  in  occiput,  and  there  dying  out ; 
they  return  in  course  of  d.,  but  weaker;  sudden  very  violent  noise,  but  lasting 
less  than  a  second,  in  both  ears.  On  4th  d.,  dartings  in  brain  on  blowing  nose, 
during  first  half  of  n. ;  diminution  of  sensitiveness  ot  limbs,  especially  of  legs  and 
thighs.  On  6th  d.,  pain  in  1.  foot,  fixed  at  joint  of  big  toe  and  first  metatarsal, 
increased  by  motion  and  hindering  all  walking,  like  gouty  pain.  On  7th  d.,  pain  in 
joint  of  1.  elbow  \  severe  itching  round  thumbnail  of  1.  hand ;  severe  pain  in  joint  of 
1.  foot,  increased  by  walking;   very  severe  itching  in  thighs  and  legs,  increasing 


496 


AURUM. 


towards  6  p.m.  and  In  open  air.     On  8th  d.,  unbearable  pain  in  h  foot  and  in  mu 
of  leg ;  a  small  excoriation  made  on  leg  by  scratching  h  scat  of  pretty  severe  Undo 
ting  pain.     Without  date, — epheineral  vertigo,     3  d.  after  stopping  drug  pains  rrcom* 
mcnccd  in  joints,  especially  in  big  toe  and  1.  foot,     (lifid,) 

9.  Witkoui  nanu.     On  1st  d.,  light  tires  eyes  ^  drawing  pain  in  sacrum.     On  lad 
d.,  drawing  pain  in  sacrum.     On  3rd  d.,  fugitive  pain  in  whole  r,  side  of  head  »  bescc] 
with  desires,  fears  she  will  not  be  able  to  bear  these  painful  sensations,  nervous  agit2«1 
tion  [thranlemtnt).     On  4th  d.,  very  violent  pressive  pain  in  forthcad,  over  cyrs.     On  J 
6th  d.y  during  n.,  anxiety,  caused  by  undulating  beatings  in  chest.     On  Sth  d,y  m^  oaj 
waking,  sore  throat  (astricticn) ;  painful  drawing  in  soTcs  of  feet  and  in  toe*.     On  ^tfa 
d  ,  e,  pains  in  head  increase^  and  cau^e  patient  to  lie  dov^n;  they  arc  worse  at  back.  <  ' 
htadfhead  remains  painful  all  n. ;  m.,  on  waking,  sneezing,  coryza.     Without  date,—] 
tired   eyesight   {regard)  i   heat  in  rectum  j    menses   S  d.   late;    during  the-Mr  8    dip 
colic  and  other  troubles  which  generally  accompany  menses  have  been  present^  but 
have  disappeared  immediately  on  commencement  of  flow,  which  wa*  more  copious  thin 
usual ;  violent  and  frequent  heart-beating ;  drawing  pain  in  back  ;  general  heat  11 
increased  durine  drug's  whole  action.     (Z^'V.) 

10.  General  symptoms. — General  unca-sincss,  lassitude,  amelioration  after  eating;  1 
symptoms  increase  in  second  half  of  d»,  especially  c,  j  great  lassitijde  ft*om  hear,  j 
especially  that  of  bed ;  inaction  hard  to  bear. 


AURUM. 

Including  A,  melalllcum,  golt^  leaf  triturated  j  A.  muriatimm^  the  bichloride}  AuClj; 
A.  muriaticum  natronatum,  the  chloride  of  gold  and  sodium,  NaCU  AuCl,2H^0j 
and  A,  sulphuratumt  product  of  decomposition  of  chloride  by  sulphuRtted 
hydrogen, 

1.  Prtrvings, — I ,  Hahnemann,  Mat.  Med.  Pura^  vol,  iv  of  original, 
vol.  1  of  translation.  Contains  335  symptoms  of  A.  metallicum  from 
himself  and  seven  fellow-observers;  also  eighteen  from  A.  muriaticum* 

2.  Ibid.j  Chronic  Disiases^  py^rt  ii  of  original^  vol.  of  translation. 
The  same,  with  eighty-two  additional  symptoms,  mainly  from  author. 

3.  Dr*  MoLiN  proved  A.  metallicum,  A.  muriaticutn,  and  A. 
sujphuratum.  In  what  manner  is  not  specified  here,  save  that  he 
experimented  on  himself  and  some  others.  But  from  another  place 
{BuiL  dt  la  Soc.  Mid.  horn,  de  Paris^  i,  7)  we  learn  that  he  used  the 
4th  diL,  beginning  with  i-drop  doses,  and  duplicating  darly{i,  2,  4, 
8,  16,  &c,}  until  positive  effects  were  obtained  ,  then  allowing  these  to 
subside^  and  proceeding  in  like  manner  again  and  again.  He  reports 
the  following  results  : — 

a.  From  A.  metallicum^ — desire  for  solitude ;  restlessness;  loss  of 
memory  j  religious  exaltation  ;  ennui  ;  causeless  grief,  and  frequent 
weeping ;  impatience  and  anger  ;  disgust  for  life  and  tendency  to 
suicide.  Sleeplessness  or  continual  sleepiness ;  nocturnal  agitation  ; 
unpleasant  and  fatiguing  dreams.  Eruption  of  small  white  pimples  all 
over  hairy  scalp,  with  heat  and  itching  ;  great  and  continuous  burning, 
at  vertex  and  occiput,  some  over  whole  head  ;  every  3  or  4  d.,  attack  1 
of  shooting,  burning  and  beating  in  L  forehead,  with  nausea  and  even 
vomiting  of  bile  i  mental  exertion  makes  head  ache.  Burning  and 
shooting  pains,  with  itching,  in  lids  and  inner  angle  of  eyes  ;  redness  of 
sclerotic  and  (before  menses)  of  lids  ;  constant  lachrymat ion  and  feeling 
as  of  sand  in  eyes  ;  agglutination  of  lids  in  m*     Burning,  pricking,  and 


AURUM.  497 

Itching  behind  ears,  and  oozing  there  ;  burning  and  darting  in  ears  ; 
buzzing,  hissings  and  ticking  sounds  in  e^rs ;  diminished  hearing. 
Redness  and  swelling  of  nose,  or  red  pimples  thereon ;  burning  and 
itching  within  and  without,  with  shooting  and  smarting  within  nose  ; 
scabs  from  nose,  or  thick  discharge  like  white  of  egg ;  frequent  sneezing. 
Face  red  and  swollen,  or  marbled  with  red  and  violet  patches,  or 
spotted  with  large  red  pimples.  Aphthae  in  mouth,  heat  and  smarting 
there  ;  redness  and  swelling  of  gums,  which  bleed  easily  ;  pimples  on 
lips,  with  burning,  darting,  pricking,  and  great  itching.  Same  feelings 
in  throat,  most  felt  when  swallowing.  Aversion  to  eating ;  extreme 
thirst ;  desire  for  cold  or  for  alcoholic  drinks  ;  nausea,  and  desire  to 
vomit  immediately  after  eating,  sometimes  even  while  eating  ;  hiccup  ; 
watery  risings  ;  chokings  a  little  while  after  having  eaten  ;  burning, 
shooting  and  cutting  pains  in  stomach  and  abdomen  (especially  r. 
hypochondrium  and  epigastrium)  ;  sensibility  of  abdomen  to  touch,  an 
especially  tender  spot  in  I.  hypochondrium  ;  weight  over  pubes  ;  heat 
and  sensation  of  scratching  in  groins  ;  twisting  colic  before  and  during 
stools,  which  are  diarrhoeic,  most  frequent  at  n.,  greenish  or  yellowish- 
grey  ;  burning  and  forcing  pains  at  anus  i  externalpiles,  bleeding  during 
stool.*  Pain  during  micturition  ;  urine  scanty,  either  red  and  hot,  with 
gravel,  or  thick,  with  very  strong  ammoniacal  odour,  and  quickly  decom- 
posing. Burning,  shooting,  and  smarting  in  urethra ;  heat  and  dull  pains 
in  perinaeum  ;  painful  erections.  Redness  and  swelling  of  labia  ;  heat, 
smarting  and  prickings  at  vulva  and  in  vagina  ;  white  thick  leucorrhoea  ; 
period  delayed.  Frequent  strong  and  tearing  cough,noisy  during  n.  Res- 
piration laboured;  burning, shootings, and  prickings  in  chest;  palpitation 
at  n.,  and  when  lying  on  back,  strong  and  irregular ;  heat,  itching, 
shootings  and  cutting  in  heart.  Pains  in  parotids  ;  difficulty  of  turning 
neck  as  in  torticollis  ;  heat  in  axillae  and  loins,  going  from  latter  to 
bladder ;  bruised  pain  in  loins  ;  heat^  pricking  and  itching  in  back. 
Burning,  dartings,  and  prickings  in  arm  ;  fatigue  of  arms,  movements 
are  difficult ;  sharp  pains  in  finger-joints.  Difficulty  in  walking ; 
swelling  of  feet ;  redness  and  burning  of  toes. 

b.  To  A.  muriaticum  is  ascribed  a  very  similar  array  of  symptoms, 
with  the  following  ^modifications :  To  the  mental  symptoms  are 
added  excessive  gaiety  and  carelessness,  and  motiveless  waywardness. 
The'  sleepiness  and  sleeplessness  appear  in  d.  and  n.  respectively. 
In  the  head  there  is  giddiness ;  coldness  on  vertex,  instead  of  heat, 
latter  being  felt  in  forehead  and  occiput ;  head  heavy  and  stupid, 
and  often  moves  restlessly.  The  eye  symptoms  are  identical,  with 
addition  of  difficulty  in  keeping  eyes  shut.  Moisture  behind  ears  forms 
scabs.  Discharge  from  nose  is  yellow  and  thick,  forming  scabs,  or 
watery,  acrid,  and  malodorous,  besides  other  symptoms  of  mouth  and 
throat,  there  is  swelling  of  submaxillary  glands  and  some  dysphagia. 
In  stomach  there  is  uneasiness  and  pain  after  eating,  putrid  eructations, 
slow  digestion,  frequent  yawning  after  eating.  In  abdomen,  inflation, 
with  suffocative  feeling ;    stitch  in  1.  hypochondrium  as  after  running 

*  **  Other  observations  have  offered  us  examples  of  haemorrhoidal  tumours  that 
owed  their  appearance  to  the  exciting  effects  of  the  chloride."  (Legrand,  cited  by 
Burnett.    See  p.  508.) 

32 


+98 


AURUM, 


fast ;  continual  feeling  of  uneasiness  in  r.  h3rpochondriuni,  with  burning 

there  ;  redness,  itching,  heat,  and  smarting  at  umbilicus^  and  eruption 
of  small  red  pimples  above  pubes.  The  genital  symptoms  arc  swelling 
and  tension  of  testicles,  lancinations  along  cord,  heat  and  itching  in 
urethra  ;  same  in  vagina,  redness  and  swelling  of  labia,  continual  oozing 
at  vulva,  yellow  and  clear  leucorrhcea*  Some  d.  before  period,  eniption 
of  large  red  pimples  on  labia.  The  cough  is  more  pronounced,  and  ts 
accompanied  with  heat  in  larynx,  and  expectoration,  white  and  blood- 
streaked,  or  yellow  and  thick  ;  speech  is  difficult,  and  voice  hoarse  and 
stridulous.  With  chest  and  heart  symptoms  there  is  sense  of  suffocation 
at  n.  The  sensations  in  back  and  loins  were  much  felt,  with  stiffness 
and  fatigue.  Besides  burning  and  dartings  in  arms,  there  is  involuntary 
starting,  aching  and  stiffness  ;  last  also  in  hands,  with  burning  and 
itching,  and  difficulty  in  closing  them.  Besides  redness  of  toes' and 
swelling  of  feet  there  are  boils  on  buttocks  and  thighs  ;  stiffness  in 
thighs  and  legs  ;  swelling  of  knees  ;  heat,  pricking,  and  lancinations  in 
legs  i  burning  of  feet ;  cutting  pains  in  toes  when  walking. 

c.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  symptoms  referred  to  A.  sul» 
phuratum.  The  disposition  is  mournful  and  thoughtful,  or  sad  and 
disagreeable.  The  dreams  are  very  terrifying.  Continual  flow  of 
blood  to  head,  and  falling  out  of  hair,  are  new  symptoms  in  this  region. 
To  the  eye  troubles  are  added  throbbing  and  photophobia*  To  tho«e 
of  the  nose  great  sensibility  to  least  touch,  and  throbbing  and  cw 
pains  ;  the  coryza  is  dry*  Pallor  of  the  face  is  noted  besides  the  <v 
appearances.  The  gums  bled  \  the  lips  cracked  ;  the  teeth  felt  numb, 
or  were  the  seat  of  shooting  pains,  which  sometimes  spread  over  head 
and  then  receded  again.  Shootings  were  felt  also  in  throat.  In  abdomen, 
sensation  as  of  a  ball  rolling  about  was  added  to  other  feelings.  The 
pains  at  anus  were  very  sharp,  and  there  was  constipation  instead  of 
diarrhoea — stools  being  like  rabbits'  dung.  Incontinence  of  urine 
occurred  at  n.  The  sexual  symptoms  were  very  marked,  and  to  the 
ordinary  ones  were  added  transitoriness  of  the  (frequent)  erections^ 
amounting  to  impotence  ;  non-appearance  or  irregularity  of  menses, 
with  extreme  weariness,  pains  in  heart  and  nausea  the  d.  hfefore  them  ; 
weight  and  bearing  down  in  female  parts.  Cough  as  with  A.  mur.,  and 
croupy.  Chest  symptoms  are  the  same,  but  palpitations  are  felt  only 
on  strong  movement.  Drawing  right  along  spine;  swelling  of  thyroid 
and  of  breasts  (which  are  tender  to  touch);  cracks  in  nipples,  and  bitings 
and  dartings  at  base  ofmammx,— ^are  peculiar  symptoms  of  A.  sutph*  ;  in 
other  respects  it  seems  to  have  affected  trunk  and  extremities  h'ke  A. 
met.,  and  mun,  but  it  caused  some  oscillation  and  uncertainty  in  Ieg5, 
and  sense  of  deadness  in  feet.  The  burning,  so  marked  with  the  • 
two  preparations,  is  rarely  noted  under  this ;  but,  on  the  other  ham,  Li 
darting  pains  are  more  pronounced.  [Bull,  de  la  Soc*  Mid.  di 
Parity  i,  J  9.) 

4,  Dr.  BucHNER  took  j-^nnrn-'^  g""-  ^^  A.  mur.  The  chief  effects 
were  :  Burning  in  conjunctiva,  dryness  of  eyes,  weakness  of  sight,  the 
letters  disappear  by  candle-light  for  a  few  m.i,  the  paper  appears  blank. 
Weakness  of  memory,  confusion  of  head,  pressure  on  brain^  along 
sagittal  suture.      Drowsiness  ;  profound   sleep.     Indisposed  to  mental 


AURUM.  499 

work.  Bruised  feeling  of  limbs.  Oppression  about  heart  compelling 
deep  breathing,  which  relieves.  Frequent  call  to  urinate,  lasting  2^  d. 
Increased  secretion  of  urine.  Excess  of  urea  and  urates.  Speedy 
decomposition  of  urine.     {N.  Zeitsch,/^.  horn.  Jf/.,  iv,  208.) 

5.  Dr.  Eberle  proved  the  6th,  3rd,  and  ist  dec.  dil.  of  Aur.  mur., 
and  also  a  solution  of  i  to  16,  from  25th  March  to  5th  Dec,  1858. 
His  principal  symptoms  were  :  severe  headache  on  1.  frontal  protuberance 
near  foramen  supra-orbitale,  next  d.  on  r.  frontal  protuberance.  Smarting 
and  itching  in  r.  canthus,  compelling  scratching.  Violent  tearing  in 
r.  temple.  Drawing  pain  in  1.  temple  towards  crown.  Shooting  pain 
in  1.  ear.  Drawing  pain  in  r.  ear.  L.  ear  feels  as  if  a  plug  were  in  it 
(for  several  d.).  Lightning-like  twitches  in  r.  upper  maxilla.  Tickling 
in  trachea  with  dry  cough  as  from  breathing  in  dust.  Drawing  pain 
in  both  sides  of  chest.  Spasmodic  drawing  between  sixth  and  seventh 
ribs,  with  feeling  as  if  someone  were  trying  to  stretch  out  heart. 
Shooting  in  r.  pectoral  muscles,  not  increased  by  pressure,  but  a  little 
so  by  deep  breathing,  and  much  so  by  moving  upper  part  of  body, 
lasting  10  h.  Shooting  tearing  in  intercostal  muscles  of  r.  side,  then 
of  1.  side.  Great  oppression  of  chest  hardly  allowing  him  to  breathe. 
R.  chest  on  rising  up  as  if  beaten,  the  pectoral  muscles  painful  to 
touch,  this  WAS  as  bad  at  n.  In  the  n.,  woke  up  by  a  shooting  boring 
pain  in  the  point  of  impact  of  the  apex  of  heart,  deeply  seated,  that  lasted 
some  m.  (thought  he  could  not  have  borne  it  if  it  had  lasted  longer)  ; 
not  affected  by  deep  breathing  ;  it  went  off  completely  when  he  pressed 
his  hand  on  cardiac  region  ;  immediately  afterwards  radiating  from  this 
place  a  lancinating  pain  which  ended  in  the  1.  hypochondrium,  for  a 
moment  so  violent  that  it  stopped  his  breathing  ;  on  breathing  deeply 
the  pain  went  off.  Empty  feeling  in  stomach.  Painful  drawing  in 
pit  of  stomach  to  middle  of  sternum  (as  if  a  hard  body  were  pushed 
upwards ;  aggravated  by  stooping,  eating,  drinking,  only  coming  on  in 
jerks).  Drawing  pain  in  small  intestines  frequently  recurring  during 
d.,  relieved  by  liquid  evacuations,  eating,  drinking,  movement,  but  not 
by  pressure.  Rumbling  and  audible  grumbling  in  abdomen.  Thin, 
frequent  stools  with  burning  in  anus,  and  tenesmus.  At  n.,  woke 
with  violent  itching  on  glans  penis.  Painful  drawing  in  1.  testicle  to 
inguinal  ring,  recurring  in  jerks.  Burning  when  urinating  as  if  urine 
were  too  hot  and  acrid.  Feeling  of  heat  in  urethra  and  strangury. 
Shooting  pain  all  along  urethra  on  rising.  Stiffness  in  nape.  Drawing, 
tearing  pain  in  muscular  parts  of  both  hip-joints,  lasting  some  time. 
Lancinating  pain  in  jerks  on  anterior  and  middle  of  both  thighs 
extending  to  patellae,  so  violent  as  to  cause  him  to  jump.  Occurrence 
of  a  petechia-like  exanthem  on  both  legs,  with  a  small  papule  in  the 
centre,  which  lasted  5  d.  Bruised  feeling  on  lower  third  of  r.  leg  (as 
if  beaten),  which  becomes  so  bad  by  continual  walking  that  he  must  limp 
home  (this  went  off  after  7  h.)  with  a  feeling  as  if  the  pain  always  tended 
more  towards  the  big  toe  and  flew  out  at  the  tip  of  the  toes.  Burning 
pain  as  from  a  red-hot  coal  on  anterior  aspect  of  1.  leg.  Tearing  in  1. 
metatarsus.  Drawing  in  1.  instep.  Drawing  burning  pain  in  1.  big  toe 
frequently  recurring  during  d.,  worst  when  walking.  Burning  pain  in 
1.  clavicle,  transient.     Drawing  pain  in  r.  shoulder-joint.     Drawing  and 


SCO 


AURUM. 


boring  in  middle  of  r.  upper  arm  for  3  successive  d.  Drawing  in  elbow 
as  if  a  sinew  were  violently  pulled,  recurring  frequently  momcncarily, 
d,  and  n.  Violent  drawing  in  ball  of  r.  hand.  Drawing  tearing  pains 
in  various  parts  of  body,  especially  extremities*  Strong  metallic  taste 
with  increased  secretion  of  saliva^  urging  to  swallow,  at  same  time 
feeling  as  if  a  plug  stuck  in  throat  (from  undiluted  solution).  Fluent 
coryza  with  rough  throat  and  irritation  to  cough.  Coryza  with 
frequent  tickling  in  throat*  Great  weariness.  Extraordinary  feeling 
of  prostration  in  limbs,  indescribable  weariness  of  whole  body  scarcely 
allowing  him  to  rise  from  his  seat.  Bruised  feeling  in  back  rendering 
stooping  scarcely  possible.  Sad  disposition  as  though  some  great  mis- 
fortune were  about  to  occur,  for  several  d»  ;  very  restless  sleep  with 
frightful  dreams.     {Ibid.) 

6.  Dr.  Eberle's  housemaid  took  the  6th,  3rd,  and  ist  dec,  dil,  the 
undiluted  solution,  and  a  trituration,  of  Aun  m.,  from  17th  March  to 
3rd  November,  1878.  After  a  restless  n.  headache  on  rising,  tearing  pain 
in  L  temporal  region,  towards  the  r.,  all  d.,  only  going  oiF  in  bed. 
After  rising  throbbing  pain  in  1.  temple,  going  off  on  applying  coM 
water,  recurring  in  afternoon  and  lasting  4  h*  Throbbing  headache 
with  bad  dreams.  Vertigo  and  whirling  before  eyes  at  every  movement 
and  tearing  pain  above  eyes,  aggravated  by  stooping,  ameliorated  in 
open  air,  lasting  all  d.,  and  only  going  off  at  n.  in  bed.  On  rising  in 
m.  tearing  pain,  beginning  above  1,  eye,  extending  to  r.  ear,  out  at 
which  it  seems  to  go.  The  pain  was  so  violent  that  she  must  lie 
down,  when  the  pain  at  once  ceased.  Violent  tearing  from  K  temple 
towards  ear  with  vertigo  and  tearing  above  eye.  Tearing  in  1.  temple 
lasting  several  h,  and  returning  when  \n  bed.  Sorethroat  and  redness 
of  m,  m*  of  fauces*  On  rising,  difEcuit  deep  breathing  as  if  a  stone 
lay  on  chest.  Tearing  in  r.  chest  from  middle  of  sternum  to  u 
shoulder-joint,  aggravated  by  every  breath  and  lasting  \  h.  Shooting 
in  cardiac  region  to  middle  of  sternum,  aggravated  by  every  movement 
and  deep  breathing,  lasting  4  h.  Anorexia.  In  m.,  when  fastingi 
nausea  and  inclination  to  vomit,  going  off  after  breakfast.  Vomiting 
for  I  h,  with  violent  retching  and  putrid  eructation,  soon  after  cutting 
in  belly  and  four  watery  stools.  After  taking  i  gr.  Aur*  m,  in  sub- 
stance, great  nausea  and  inclination  to  vomit,  and  vomiting  of  water 
(which  had  been  swallowed  after  the  medicine)  with  a  trace  of  bngbl 
blood.  Frequent  yawning  soon  going  off  after  eating,  but  soon  return- 
ing, lasting  2  h.  Flat  taste  in  mouth  all  d*  with  great  nausea,  going  off 
at  n.  in  bed.  Soon  after  taking  dose,  thin,  watery  stool,  with  much 
griping  in  bowels,  in  spite  of  the  urging  to  stool  it  is  not  satisfactory. 
Violent  contractive  pain  in  belly  making  her  crouch  together >  lastmg 
3i  h,,  and  only  going  off  when  she  goes  to  bed.  Much  flatulence, 
with  cutting  in  belly  and  a  fluid  stool.  Transient  severe  itching  in 
pudendum.  Menses  appeared  some  days  too  soon,  more  profuse  \  the 
blood  discharged  was  so  acrid  that  it  made  her  sore ;  before  menses 
came  on,  leucorrhcea.  Menses  next  time  7  d.  too  soon,  blood  brighter, 
not  so  acrid,  lasted  only  2  d.  The  leucorrhcea,  after  ceasing,  returned 
again  and  lasted  4  d. ;  it  is  very  acrid,  makes  the  thighs  sore,  and  is 
accompanied  by  itching  in  genitals.     Spasmodic  tearuij2[  in 


AURUM.  501 

ning  under  hough  and  extending  as  far  as  middle  of  calf,  lasting  severely 
4  h.,  then  declining  gradually.  Tearing  in  r,  big  toe  and  inner  side  of  r. 
knee.  Tearing  in  1.  shoulder  lasting  2  h.,  for  2  d.  the  shoulder  was 
painful  to  touch.  Tearing  in  r.  arm  from  elbow-joint  to  tip  of 
little  finger,  so  severe  as  to  prevent  her  working.  Feeling  of  having  been 
beaten  on  1.  arm.  Fluent  coryza  atn.  Sneezing  four  times  in  succes- 
sion, then  tearing  in  1.  nasal  bone  towards  eye  with  great  feeling  of 
heat  in  eye,  great  injection  of  conjunctiva  and  lachrymation,  which  was 
so  sudden  and  violent  that  the  tears  actually  spurted  out  of  the  eye. 
In  open  air  severe  pressure  in  eye  and  tearing  in  it,  with  complete 
blindness.  On  covering  up  eye  with  hand  all  these  symptoms  went 
off.  This  phenomenon  occurred  for  some  time  periodically.  Uncom- 
mon prostration  of  limbs.  During  all  the  time  of  the  proving  such 
weariness  that  she  can  hardly  walk  and  had  to  lie  down  frequently 
during  d.  After  rising,  paralysed  feeling  in  1.  shoulder  lasting  J  h. 
Chilliness  with  goose-skin.  Great  redness.  Dreams  of  misfortune 
about  to  happen.     {Ibid,) 

7.  A  man  who  wished  to  prove  gold  had  after  a  dose  of  6th  dil. 
such  violent  diarrhoea  for  several  d,  that  he  would  not  go  on.     {Ibid,) 

8.  Dr.  Lembke  took  A.  mur.  natronatum  sth  Nov.,  7  a.m.,  5 
grs.  3rd  trit.  At  2  p.m.  severe  boring  in  bone  above  r.  eye  when 
walking.  4  p.m.,  pressure  in  r.  foot  when  sitting.  All  d.  frequent 
micturition.  Urine  yellow,  cutting  in  point  of  urethra,  also  when 
urinating.  8  p.m.,  frequent  drawing  in  lower  incisors. — 7th,  7  a.m.,  5 
grs.  8  a.m.,  severe  boring  in  r.  knee  when  sitting.  1 1  a.m.,  drawing 
on  1.  cheek,  boring  in  r.  eye.  Very  painful  drawing  in  r.  fingers. 
8  p.m.,  boring  in  r.  occiput  when  sitting.  9  p.m.,  pressure  outward 
in  thoracic  walls  from  r.  nipple,  not  afl^ected  by  breathing. — 9th,  7  a.m., 
10  grs.  7.15  a.m.,  weary  pain  in  lower  part  of  1.  forearm  and  soon 
after  some  pain  in  legs  when  sitting.  Metallic  taste  lasts  long. 
7.30  a.m.,  and  repeatedly  later,  weight  and  heat  in  occiput.  Perceptible 
heat  in  inside  of  cheeks  and  also  externally.  Sensation  of  weight  and 
weariness  in  lower  limbs,  especially  observable  when  sitting  \  this  is 
relieved  by  movement,  but  immediately  returns  when  at  rest.  .  8  a.m., 
pressure  in  bones  above  eyes,  and  in  muscles  at  side  of  1.  scapula. 
8.30  a.m.,  drawing  in  r.  toes,  in  r.  cheek,  in  bones  of  sinciput,  when 
sitting.  Burning  heat  in  cheeks.  Drawing  in  face  and  head,  deep  in  ; 
drawing  in  calves,  shoulders,  upper  arms.  12  noon,  great  stretching, 
pressing  asunder,  in  roots  of  r.  fingers  when  walking.  2  p.m.,  severe 
pressure  in  bend  of  1.  elbow  when  walking,  several  times.  Frequent 
drawing  in  forehead  above  eyes,  with  pressure  and  weight  lasting 
several  h.  Much  heat  in  face,  weight  in  sinciput,  a  great  part  of 
d.,  also  when  sitting.  1 1  p.m.,  after  lying  down  in  bed  drawing  in  1. 
ankle-joint,  and  immediately  afterwards,  below  r.  inner  ankle,  sensation 
of  leather- rubbing,  or  rather  a  noise  as  when  dry  leather  is  rubbed,  but 
without  any  pain,  for  about  i  m.  2  a.m.,  awoke  with  feeling  of 
drawing  in  1.  shoulder. — loth,  7  a.m.,  10  grs.  Immediately  the  same 
noise  at  r.  inner  ankle  when  foot  is  at  rest,  then  pressure  in  1.  knee 
and  drawing  in  r.  tibia,  shooting  in  1.  toes.  Nipping  above  inner 
condyle  of  r.  humerus.     7.30  a.m.^  the  same  leather  noise  while  stand- 


502 


AURUM. 


ingp     Pressure  in  I.  shoulder,  pressing  asunder  in  roots  of  r,  fingcn, 
then  in  r,  toes.     Drawing  in  lower  part  of  K  tibia.     8  a.tn*,  the  same  , 
noise  when  sictingt  lasting  a  few  m.,  coming  at  regular  intervaU|  slower! 
than   the  pulse,  occasionally  interniitting,  not  felt  when  the  foot  isl 
moved,  but  returning  when  foot  is  at  rest,  and  this  repeatedly.     8*30,1 
the   same  creaking  noise   while   sitting,  fur  several  m.      Drawing  inj 
frontal  bone.     Burning  pain    in    skin    on    dorsal   aspect   of  forearm. 
Severe  pressure  in  r.  forearm.     9  a,m.,  boring  at  lower  part  of  r^  ribia.| 
1 1  a.m.,  stitches  in  n  knee  while  walking.     Pressing  ajundcr  in  r, 
finger-roots.     Shooting  in  tip  of  urethra.     7  p.m.,  shooting  in  1.  knee 
while  seated.     10  p.m.,  10  grs.     N.  passed  without  symptoms. — iith, 
7  a.m.,  10  grs.     Drawing  in  1.  finger-roots,  in  L  knee.     8.30  a.m.,  the 
same  creaking  as  yesterday  when  sitting.     Shooting  above  inner  con- 
dyle of  I.  humerus.     9  a*m.,  burning  heat  in  cheeks.     1 1  a.m.,  cransientj 


stitches  in  thoracic  walls  now  r., 
drawing  in  r.  toes,  in  1.  finger*roots, 


now  1.,  when  walking.     9  piin.,! 

several  times,  both  when  waJkingl 
and  sitting.     All  d.  feeling  of  faintness  and  heaviness  in  sinciput,  alsof 
next  d.  on  waking,  lasts  all  d.     12  noon,  drawing  in  tibiae.      7  p.m., 
drawing  in  1.  cheek  from  above  downwards. — 13th,  7  a.m.,  10  grs.  lodi 
cent,  trit.     Metallic  taste  as  before.     Immediately  a  smarting  sensation j 
at  tip  of  tongue.     7,30  a.m.,  drawing  in  chin,  then  in  lower  part  of  rJ 
tibia,  pressure  in  ankle-joints  when  sitting.     3  p.m.,  shooting  in  tip  ol 
tongue.     4  p.m.,  painful  burning  on  border  of  upper  lip,  lasting  some] 
time. — 14th,  7  a.m.,  10  grs.     In  |  h,  when  standing  quick  pulsatjoaj 
in  I.    inner    ankle   towards   big  toe,  lasting  some  time;  immediately! 
afterwards  drawing  in  toes.     The  same  pulsation  repeated  after  a  shofti 
interval,     7.30  a.m.,  pressure  in  forehead,  drawing  deep  in  L  big  toe  J 
worst  when  at  rest.     Drawing  in  1.  occiput.     8  a.m.,  burning  heat  inl 
checks  and  ears,   continuing  till  after  9  a.m.     Pressure  in  r.  knceJ 
severe  tearing  in  r,  frontal  bone,  in  second  joint  of  r.  thumb.     9  a.m., 
considerable  coldness  in  back,  hands  quite  cold,  blue   nails,  at  same 
time  heat  of  face  and  cars,  lasting  ^  h,     11  a.m.,  pain  \n  r.  knee  when 
walking.     E.,  drawing  in  lower  part  of  r.  tibia,  in  inner  border  of  I,  then 
of  r,  when  sitting.     10  p.m.,  stretching  asunder  in  roots  of  1.  fingers, 
then  in  1.  wrist- joint  when  sitting.     11  p.m.,  frequent  short  dr\'  cough j 
with  scraping  in  larynx.     Stitches  in  walls  of  chest,  L  side,  two  fijigers*! 
breadths  below  nipple,  not  affected  by  breathing. — 15th,  6.30  a.m.,  iai 
bed,  burning  in  1.  outer  ankle  extending   up  to  tibia,  when   at  rest* 
7  a.m.,  TO  grs.     7*$^>  great  heat  in  checks  and  ears,  felt  also  extemaUyJ 
Boring  in  bones  of  r.  instep,  deeply  seated  round  about  r,  ear,  in 
shoulder,  when  the  parts  arc  at  rest.     8  a.m.,  pressure  like  bruise  in  rj 
knee,  in  1.  elbow-joint,  above  r,  elbow.     Shooting,  half  scraping  fecll 
under  tongue,     4  p.m.,  pressure  in  frontal  bone  wandering  about,  in  rl 
elbow-joint,  in  bone  before  r.  ear,  in  lower  part  of  1.  tibia,  and  thence 
through  feet  Into  toes,  going  in  a  twisting  manner  back  into  the  tibia 
when  seated.     Later,   the  same  in  1,   knee,  then   pressure  m  seconij 
joint  of  r.  thumb.     5  p.m.,  pressure    in  1.   nasal    bone.     All   the   d,^ 
frequent  sneezing,  nose  admits  the  air  very  freely.     All  symptoms  arc 
worst  when  at  rest.     8  p.m.,  shooting  in  tip  of  r.  big  toe  j  frequent 
cracking  in  nape  on  moving  head.    Stretching  in  1.  finger-roots.    Yi 


AURUM. 


503 


boring  on  dorsal  aspect  of  r.  big  toe  when  at  rest,  going  ofF  by  moving 
toe,  but  returning. — i6th,  7  a.m.,  5  dr.  of  a  sol.  of  Aur.  mur.  nat.,  i  gr. 
to  100  dr.  distilled  water.  Pressing  in  1.  finger- roots,  in  r.  tibia, 
under  1.  elbow.  Fine  shooting  in  skin  of  cheeks  followed  by  heat. 
Pressure  in  r.  deltoid  muscle  with  feeling  of  warmth  that  streams  into 
fingers.  8  a.m.,  drawing  in  r.  frontal  bone,  in  roots  of  1.  toes,  in  bones 
of  r.  hand,  this  generally  accompanied  by  feeling  of  bruise.  8.30, 
pressure  in  r.  ankle-joint,  as  long  as  foot  is  at  rest.  Pressing  asunder 
in  temples.  Continued  severe  boring  in  1.  tibia  when  sitting.  12 
noon,  shooting  in  1.  knee  when  walking,  in  tips  of  r.  toes,  in  back  of  r. 
big  toe.  5  p.m.,  when  sitting,  severe  boring  in  1.  tibia,  later  in  back 
of  1.  foot,  in  bone  before  1.  ear.  6  p.m.,  shooting  in  soft  parts  above 
and  on  inside  of  r.  knee.  7  p.m.,  when  sitting,  above  1.  side  of  fore- 
head on  the  hairy  scalp,  a  sharp  cutting  pain  on  a  circumscribed  spot. 
— 17th,  8.30  a.m.,  drawing  in  r.  finger-roots,  on  r.  tibia,  and  1.  knee. 
10  p.m.,  violent  boring  in  frontal  bone,  especially  r.,  in  lower  part  of 
1.  tibia,  drawing  in  roots  of  r.  toes,  severe  tearing  in  1.  elbow-joint, 
compelling  him  to  move  it,  when  the  violent  pain  ceases,  but  returns 
in  a  few  m.  when  the  arm  is  at  rest,  and  goes  off  without  moving  it 
again. — i8th.  On  rising,  though  he  had  slept  well,  he  felt  very  faint ; 
this  lasted  more  than  i  h.  9  a.m.,  10  dr.  11  a.m.,  tearing  in  1.  frontal 
bones,  1.  cheek,  betwixt  ribs  below  1.  nipple  when  walking,  later,  tearing 
in  1.  elbow-joint  like  last  n.  when  walking.  Towards  2  p.m.  exhausted 
feeling  lasting  some  h.  Pressure  in  1.  nasal  bone,  in  1.  ankle-joint, 
when  sitting.  10  p.m.,  drawing  in  lower  incisors.  11  p.m.,  boring  in 
1.  tibia,  above  1.  eye,  when  sitting. — 19th,  7  a.m.,  15  dr.  7.30  a.m., 
boring  on  r.  tibia,  in  bone  behind  r.  ear.  Drawing  on  middle  of  1. 
tibia,  in  ankle-joint,  on  back  of  2nd  joint  of  r.  thumb,  all  when  at  rest. 
4  p.m.,  drawing  on  1.  side  of  forehead,  in  1.  elbow-joint.  Boring  close 
behind  r.  ala  nasi,  later  on  lower  part  of  1.  tibia.  Shooting  in  tips  of 
toes  when  sitting.  Pressing  in  1.  elbow-joint  repeated  while  at  rest. — 
20th,  6  a.m.,  after  waking  in  bed,  drawing  in  1.  elbow-joint  and  1.  tibia 
when  at  rest.  7  a.m.,  15  dr.  7.15  a.m.,  drawing  in  r.  knee  when 
sitting,  then  violent  pressure  on  dorsum  of  1.  foot,  tearing  on  1.  tibia, 
shooting  on  tip  of  1.  big  toe.  8.30  a.m.,  drawing  in  occipital  bone,  in 
ball  of  T.  foot,  burning  heat  in  cheeks.  Bruised  pain  in  joints  of  arm 
and  in  wrist-joints  when  at  rest,  weight  and  pressure  in  sinciput, 
stitches  in  thoracic  walls  under  1.  axilla.  3  p.m.,  when  standing, 
irregular  heart's  beats  with  feeling  of  pressure  in  heart  and  difEcuTt 
breathing,  at  same  time  in  heart  a  sensation  of  anxiety  and  want  of 
breath,  shooting  in  the  soft  parts  on  inner  side  of  1.  thigh,  stitches  in 
anus.  Pressure  in  1.  ankle-joint,  when  sitting,  several  times.  Heavi- 
ness and  pressure  in  forehead  several  times  during  d.  5  p.m.,  the 
same  pressure  in  heart,  but  without  palpitation,  when  sitting  ;  the 
sensation  lasts  only  an  instant.  10  p.m.,  severe  pressing  in  forearm 
and  elbow-joint,  when  seated,  and  also  later.  Drawing  in  r.  toes  when 
at  rest. — 21st,  7  a.m.,  15  dr.  7.30  a.m.,  pressure  in  r.  knee,  then  in 
1.,  when  sitting,  then  in  lower  part  of  1.  tibia.  8.30  a.m.  and  9  p.m., 
drawing  in  occiput.  2  p.m.,  burning  in  cheeks.  Continued  weary 
pain  in  r.  forearm  with  increased  feeling  of  warmth.     Pressure  in  both 


50+  AURUM. 

elbow-joints  when  at  rest ;  burning  on  under  surface  of  tongue  ano 
beneath  tongue.  3  p.m.,  some  violent  heart's  beats  and  pressive  sensa- 
tion when  standing.  4  p.m.,  tickling  in  larynx  and  below  it.  Shooting 
in  r.  inner  canthus,  10  p.m.,  violent  boring  in  bone  above  1,  eye,  in 
the  room,  also  later.  Cutting  pain  in  a  small  spot  of  r,  parietal  bone. 
Pressure  in  1.  elbow-joint  and  in  forearm  when  at  rest,  also  in  joints  of 
r.  little  finger. — 22nd,  6.30  a.m.,  immediately  after  waking  pain  above 
1.  eye,  in  lower  end  of  1.  forearm,  on  both  sides  of  1.  tendo  A  chillis. 
7  a,m.,  35  dr.  Immediately  nausea  for  a  short  time,  heat  in  checks 
prolonged.  Stitches  deep  in  1.  ear,  yesterday  had  roaring.  Boring  in  | 
I.  wrist-joint,  on  dorsum  of  1.  foot  towards  toes,  in  1.  thoracic  wall  above  ' 
nipple,  above  both  eyes.  8  a.m.,  heat  and  weight  in  sinciput.  8.3O 
a.m.,  boring  in  1.  occiput,  in  knees.  Constant  burning  in  tip  of  tongue 
with  shooting.  12  noon,  constant  boring  in  bones  below  eyes,  draw tng_ 
in  roots  of  fingers  also  later.  Burning  deep  under  tongue  at  the  sides  of 
the  frenulum.  Pressure  behind  sternum,  deep  in  chest  to  the  back,  when 
walking ;  afterwards  the  same  pain  and  some  irregular  heart  beats. 
Boring  in  1.  tibia,  in  roots  of  1.  fingers.  Weight  and  pressure  in  sinci- 
put almost  all  d.,  worst  at  4  p.m.,  with  heat  in  face,  throbbing  in 
temples,  drawing  over  crown,  burning  in  cheeks  transiently  relieved  bv 
washing  with  cold  water,  aggravated  by  stooping.  7  p*m.,  stitches  in  L 
outer  canthus.  7.30  p.m.,  heat,  pressure,  &c.,in  sinciput,  nearly  quite 
gone.  9  p.m.,  severe  boring  in  r.  temple.  10  p.m.,  twitching  round 
about  chin  towards  lower  lip,  felt  with  hand*  1 1  p.m.,  boring  in  roots 
of  r*  teeth,  alternating  with  shooting,  when  sitting  ;  burning  in  tip  of 
tongue, — ^23rd,  7  a.m.,  boring  in  1.  tibia  when  sitting,  later  in  1.  elbow- 
joint  when  at  rest.  10  a.m.,  severe  burning  tn  tip  of  tongue  continued. 
4  p.m.,  constant  pressure  in  r.  elbow -joint  when  at  rest,  relieved  by 
moving  joint.  10  p.m.,  severe  shooting  in  1.  eyeball,  drawing  in  roots 
of  1.  fingers,  on  L  side  of  skull,  burning  in  skin  of  r.  cheek. — 24th. 
Tension  in  roots  of  fingers,  boring  on  tibiae,  burning  in  tip  of  tongue, 
stitches  in  anus.  A  pile  (to  which  he  was  not  subject)  comes  out 
and  is  painful,  goes  off  on  28th. — ^25th,  9  a.m.,  25  dr.  of  I  gr. 
Aur,  m,  n,  in  100  dr.  distilled  water,  12  noon,  stitches  in  r.  car. 
4  p.m,,  boring  in  1.  tibia,  and  at  5  p.m.  in  r.  elbow-joint  repeatedly. 
Quick,  irregular  heart  beats  when  stooping  i  tension  in  roots  of 
fingers. — 26th,  7  a.m.,  25  dr.  From  7.30  to  9  a.m.  drawing  in  roots 
of  1.  fingers,  in  r.  external  ankle ;  burning  heat  in  cheeks,  heat  and 
weight  in  sinciput.  8.30*,  boring  in  r.  tibia,  then  in  1.  V^iolcnt 
pressure  in  1.  elbow-joint  and  r.  scapula,  4  p.m.,  shooting  in  1,  eye- 
ball,  tearing  in  1.  side  of  head,  tension  and  pressure  in  muscles  of  L 
side  of  nape  to  1,  clavicle,  increased  by  bending  head  to  r.,  sometimes 
intolerable  when  at  rest,  lasting  several  h, ;  boring  like  a  peg  in  K 
temple. — 27th,  7  a.m.,  25  dr.  8  a.m.,  boring  in  r*  kiiQ^^  the  pain  in  I. 
side  of  nape  like  yesterday,  continued  ;  heat  in  cheeks  and  forehead, 
8.30,  burning  in  skin  above  1,  knee,  then  r.,  cutting  in  a  small  spot  of 
skin  of  r.  parietal  region ;  burning  in  tip  of  tongue  j  bruised  pain  in  r, 
forearm  when  at  rest ;  drawing  in  skin  of  r,  upper  arm  j  boring  in  1 
temple,  10  a.m,,  coppery  taste  in  mouth  lasting  all  d.,  at  same  time  a 
peculiar  contraction  in  orifices  of  salivary  glands  in  cheeks,  with  clear 


3 


AURUM.  505 

saliva  and  teeth  on  edge  ;  after  eating  all  goes  off  for  ^  h.,  but  recom- 
mences and  continues  till  4  p.m.,  with  taste  as  though  a  copper  coin 
was  in  mouth.  3  p.m.,  boring  in  r.  side  of  crown,  then  on  1.  side  of 
frontal  bone,  in  1.  ankle-joint ;  lower  lip  is  chapped  in  middle  (never 
had  this  before),  at  same  time  smarting  burning  pain  when  touched 
with  tongue,  but  also  when  not  touched.  4.30  p.m.,  ate  some  salted 
milk  soup,  and  had  then  a  strong  copper  taste  that  made  the  throat  feel 
sore  and  set  teeth  on  edge.  10  p.m.,  tension  in  roots  of  1.  teeth  when 
sitting.  As  yesterday,  drawing  from  above  1.  clavicle  towards  shoulder 
and  nape  when  sitting.  This  symptom  had  occurred  several  times 
during  d.,  also  when  walking.  Moving  painful  parts  gave  some  relief, 
but  sometimes  it  increased  the  pain. — 28th,  8  a.m.,  25  dr.  9  a.m.,  pres- 
sure in  r.  wrist-joint,  then  in  1.  when  sitting.  Shooting  in  tips  of  r.  toes. 
Violent  stitches  in  1.  eyeball,  burning  in  tongue.  Same  pain  as  yesterday 
on  1.  side  of  nape  and  above  1.  clavicle,  when  sitting,  lasting  long. 
5  p.m.,  boring  on  dorsum  of  r.  foot  and  (7  p.m.)  in  1.  tibia.  7.30  p.m., 
cutting  pain  in  a  small  spot  of  skin  of  r.  cheek.  Tearing  across  skull ; 
boring  round  about  the  r.  ankle-joint.  Cutting  in  skin  above  1.  knee. — 
29th,  6  a.m.,  in  bed,  pressure  in  1.,  then  in  r.  wrist-joint.  Shooting 
in  1.  toes  continued.  6.30  a.m.,  25  dr.  Continued  metallic  taste,  flow 
of  saliva,  and  teeth  on  edge,  heat  in  cheek  and  ears.  Smarting  in  lower 
lip.  Pain  in  skin  above  1.  knee  like  d.  before  yesterday  7  a.m.,  wander- 
ing pains  in  forehead.  8  a.m.,  pressure  in  1.  knee  when  at  rest,  in  1. 
ankle-joint,  1.  side  of  nape  repeatedly,  also  at  10  p.m.  Shooting  in  r. 
eyeball,  then  deep  in  throat  repeatedly.  Shooting  in  tips  of  1.  toes,  then 
severe  cutting  pain  in  tips  of  r.  toes  when  sitting. — 30th.  Last  n. 
woke  by  burning  in  edges  of  eyelids.  5.30  a.m.,  in  bed,  very  painful 
pressure  in  both  forearms  when  at  rest.  5  p.m.,  repeated  burning  in  tip 
of  tongue  and  lower  lip.  Tension  in  r.  finger-roots.  Severe  shooting 
in  r.  eyeball  repeatedly.  Tearing  in  r.  sole  and  in  skin  above  1.  knee. 
7  p.m.,  boring  above  r.  eye,  on  1.  tibia. — 1st  Dec.  Same  symptoms. — 
2nd,  6.45  a.m.,  30  dr.  of  a  sol.  of  i  gr.  Aur.  m.  n.  in  5ij  water.  7  a.m., 
pressure  in  knees  when  sitting  repeatedly.  8  a.m.,  boring  deep  in  1. 
cheek,  on  tibiae,  sometimes  very  painful.  Tension  often  in  roots  of 
lingers.  Great  boring  on  both  sides  of  r.  tendo  Achillis  when  sitting, 
drawing  from  r.  sole  to  tips  of  toes  when  sitting.  8.30  a.m.,  boring 
behind  1.  ear,  above  r.  eye,  pressure  in  both  wrists  when  at  rest. 
Smarting  pain  in  r.  ala  nasi  and  in  skin  of  1.  cheek,  with  drawing. 
9  a.m.,  boring  in  r.  sole,  in  r.  ankle-joint,  when  standing.  Pressing 
in  r.  elbow-joint.  On  moving  quickly,  quick,  small,  irregular  heart's 
beats  with  oppression,  scraping  in  fauces  and  considerable  flow  of  saliva. 
From  10  to  12,  noon,  a  half-metallic,  half-sweet  taste,  with  copious 
flaw  of  saliva.  Repeated  boring  on  both  sides  of  r.  tendo  Achillis, 
also  when  walking.  12.30  p.m.,  when  standing,  several  small  hard 
heart's  beats  with  feeling  of  pressure  and  interrupted  breathing.  Shoot- 
ing in  finger-tips,  repeated  tearing  in  roots  of  fingers  and  tibiae.  From 
7.30  taste  of  copper,  flow  of  saliva,  teeth  on  edge.  Contraction  in 
orifices  of  salivary  ducts  for  some  hours.  8.30,  when  sitting,  irregular 
heart's  beats  with  obligation  to  breathe  deeply.  Boring  in  nasal  bones, 
frontal  bone,  dorsum  of  r.  foot.     Drawing  in  lower  incisors.     9  a.m., 


So6  AURUM, 

boring  in  r«  finger-joints,     to  p.m*,  shooting  in  skin  above  r.  knees] 
repeated  severe  burning  in  tip  of  tongue  j  frequent  boring  in  nasal  bones  I 
and  above  eyes,  also  on  right  side  of  nose.      10.30  p.m.,  tickling  in 
larynx  and  dry  cough. ^ — 9th,  7  a.m.,  30  dr.     7.30  a.m.,  coppery  taste 
repeatedly  during  d.     Severe  boring   in  L  upper  maxiUa^  right  ankJe- 
joint,  dorsum  of  r.  foot,  1.  temple,  r.  tibia,  also  in  e.     Severe  needle 
pricks  in  tip  of  r.  little  finger.     When  walking  slowly,  cardiac  symptoms 
like  yesterday.     Frequent  tickling  in   larynx  and  dry  cough,  also  c* 
Tension  in  roots  of  fingers  and  toes,  also    1 1  p.m.  —  loth,  6  a*m*,  in 
bed,  severe  boring  in  1.  side  of  frontal  bone,  immediately  afterwards  in 
r*  big  toe.     7  a.m.,  30  dr.      7.30,  tension  in  r.  finger-roots,  stitches  in 
r.  eye  ;  burning  in  tip  of  tongue,  copper  taste,  flow  of  saliva.     9  a.in,,  I 
drawing  and  boring  in  frontal  bone  repeatedly,  in  1.  toes,  in  1.  shoulder,  1 
Shooting  in  skin  of  1.  calf  when  sitting.     Tearing  in  1.  side  of  skull, 
in  1.  side  of  nape.     Severe  shooting  in  tips  of  r.  toes  j  boring  behind 
ears   repeatedly.      Heart  symptoms  as  before,  when   moving   gently. 

3  p.m.,  severe  boring  in  1.  side  of  nose,  burning  pain  in  skin  of  nape. 
6  p.m.,  pressure  in  r,  wrist-joint,  1,  forearm,  frequently,  worst  when  at 
rest.  Coppery  taste  all  d.  and  more  or  less  flow  of  saliva,  goes  off  when 
eating  and  returns  thereafter.  Drawing  in  dorsal  vertebrse  frequently,  in  I 
r.  elbow-joint,  in  1.  toes.  7  p.m.,  stitches  deep  in  ear,  severe  boring  in 
lower  part  of  r.  tibia,  then  in  L  big  toe  when  sitting;  shooting  in  skin  alx^ve 
r.  knee  ;  repeated  burning  in  lower  lip. — nth,  6  a.m.,  in  bed,  boring  m 
K  side  of  forehead  and  in  r.  ankle-joint.  Later  burning  in  tip  of  tongue.  1 
In  course  of  d,  same  symptoms  as  yesterday. — 12th.  Symptoms  in 
joints,  wandering  pain  in  1.  thoracic  wall,  when  at  rest.  Severe  boring 
in  L  side  of  parietal  bone,  deep  into  1.  eye  *,  burning  in  tip  of  tongue* 
When  walking  irregular  heart  beats  causing  anxiety.     Between  2  and 

4  p.m.,  when  sitting,  the  former  symptoms,  boring,  pressure  in  tibia:, 
knees,  sudden  very  violent  scraping  in  larynx,  violent  dry  cough  so 
that  he  retches,  and  then  some  of  the  symptoms  in  the  limbs  when 
sitting  and  writing  ;  burning  in  skin  of  r.  calf  and  lower  inner  side  of  r. 
upper  arm.  4  p.m.,  spasmodic  cough  again.  In  e.  the  limb-symptoms. — 
1 3th .  The  same  symptoms,  only  seldomer,  more  severe  in  e. — ^i  4th,  6,45 
a.m.,  20  dr.  of  a  sol.  of  3  gr,  in  3SS  water  j  7  a.m.,  strong  taste  of  copper, 
afterwards  sweet,  teeth  on  edge,  flow  of  saliva.  The  taste  continues 
during  breakfast,  lasts  all  d.  b  a.m.,  boring  in  1.  tibia,  burning  in  skin 
of  L  calf,  drawing  in  skin  on  K  side  of  nape.  Burning  in  tipof  tongue^ 
in  skin  of  r.  axilla,  in  skin  of  r,  side  of  nape,  pressure  and  drawing  in 
r.  knee,  r.  foot,  always  getting  worse,  makes  him  move  about,  which 
relieves,  in  1,  ankle-joint,  in  muscles  of  L  side  of  back,  in  r.  shoulder. 
8.45  a.m.,  20  dr.  Repeated  burning  in  skin  of  1.  calf,  Boring  in  r* 
tibia,  in  L  cheek,  in  frontal  bone,  burning  in  tongue.  Cutting  and 
boring  in  lower  incisors  and  towards  knees  at  6  p.m.,  in  I.  btg  toe,  at  j 
9  p.m.  in  frontal  bone,  near  nose  on  r.  side  ;  burning  in  tip  of  1.  little 
finger. — 15th,  7  a.m.,  30  dr.  Burning  in  skin  of  I.  side  of  nape 
repeatedly,  pressure  in  wrist  and  elbow-joints,  also  c.  Heat  in  sin* 
ciput,  burning  in  frontal  bones,  also  later.  Repeated  shooting  in  rJ 
axilla  when  at  rest,  also  later.  8  a.m.,  coppery  taste  commenced,  less 
marked  than  yesterday.     Burning  in  tip  of  tongue,  severe  borinj 


AURUM.  507 

side  of  frontal  bone,  so  that  1.  eye  closes  involuntarily  at  3  p.m. 
repeatedly.  Cracking  in  cervical  vertebrae  on  moving  head.  The 
above  heart  symptoms  when  walking  at  6  p.m.  Burning  in  lower  lip. 
Severe  boring  in  r.  heel-bone  continued,  at  10.30  p.m.,  above  r.  knee, 
then  above  r.  elbow.  Very  painful  cutting  traversing  1.  side  of  skull. 
— 1 6th,  6  a.m.,  in  bed.  Repeated  boring  just  below  r.  knee  and  tearing 
on  1.  side  of  skull.  6.30  a.m.,  boring  several  times  in  1.  knee,  when 
standing.  7  a.m.,  30  dr.  Immediately,  nausea,  several  times  boring 
in  1.  upper  maxilla.  Frequent  tearing  in  various  parts  of  skull.  Stitches 
in  1.  eye.  Boring  behind  1.  ear.  8  a.m.,  sweetish  coppery  taste. 
Small,  quick  heart's  beats  when  standing,  pulse  100,  also  when  sitting, 
with  obligation  to  breathe  deeper,  this  lasts  till  9  a.m.  ;  at  11  a.m.,  the 
same  when  walking.  Frequent  stitches  in  1.  eye,  joint-pains  as  before, 
burning  in  and  under  tongue.  Constant  acrid  burning  in  skin  of 
back  of  r.  hand,  also  the  always  painless  corns  have  shooting  pains 
when  sitting  in  easy  shoes.  Burning  in  skin  of  nape,  in  skin  of  r.  hip 
at  9  p.m.  Shooting  in  skin  of  1.  cheek. — 17th,  8.30  a.m.,  40  dr. 
Leaving  out  the  usual  symptoms  the  most  remarkable  were :  heat  in 
head  and  face.  Heart  symptoms  as  when  sitting.  Very  severe  boring 
in  frontal  bone,  frequently,  especially  above  eyes.  Frequent  burning 
in  tongue.  Severe  shooting  in  1.  side  of  lower  lip  at  5  p.m. — i8th, 
7  a.m.,  30  dr.  Boring  in  tibiae,  frontal  bone,  1.  upper  jaw,  burning  in 
tongue,  coppery  taste.  Bruised  pain  in  r.  elbow-joint.  Stitches  in  1. 
thoracic  wall,  not  affected  by  breathing.  Burning  in  skin  of  1.  calf. 
Boring  in  1.  heel-bone,  on  dorsum  of  foot,  in  1,  scapula.  Drawing  in 
toes.  Boring  in  1.  lower  jaw,  behind  r.  ear,  in  lower  part  of  1.  forearm, 
in  1.  zygoma.  The  former  heart  symptoms  with  tight  breath,  several 
times  when  sitting ;  severe  shooting  in  1.  finger-tips,  below  1.  axilla,  in 
balls  of  feet.  E.,  when  walking,  the  above  heart  symptoms  frequently. 
10  p.m.,  painful  burning  in  knees  when  sitting.  Since  this  m.  the 
m.  m.  behind  upper  incisors  red,  swollen^  painful,  especially  when 
touched  and  when  warm  or  salt  food  is  taken.  This  state  lasts  d.  and 
n.  till  2 1st  Dec.  The  place  then  looked  yellow  with  red  border.  On 
22nd  the  part  had  the  appearance  of  a  yellow  blister  with  red  border, 
the  redness  spread  towards  the  1.  side  of  palate,  the  pain  of  it  woke  him 
up  at  n.  On  24.th  the  part  was  of  a  rose  redness,  painful  when  touched, 
and  felt  rough  and  swollen.  On  26th  all  was  well. — i8th,  11  p.m., 
the  same  spasmodic  cough  as  before.  In  bed,  at  11.30,  painful  boring 
in  r.  tibia  and  fine  shooting  in  frontal  bone. — 19th,  7  a.m.,  25  dr. 
9  a.m.,  pressure  in  1.  hip-joint  when  sitting.  Severe  burning  in  tongue, 
boring  in  tibia.  Burning  in  skin  of  1.  calf.  Pressure  in  knees. 
Drawing  in  toes.  Burning  and  drawing  in  1.  side  of  nape.  Boring  in 
lower  part  of  I.  forearm.  Burning  in  skin  of  1.  cheek.  Boring  in 
roots  of  r.  fingers.  Much  burning  of  tongue  and  boring  in  frontal  bone, 
uninterrupted  till  n.  8  p.m.,  severe  boring  in  r.  knee.  Painful  shoot- 
ing and  burning  in  ball  of  r.  foot,  in  1.  of  nape. — 20th.  Same  symptoms. 
Boring  in  nasal  bones  and  r.  side  of  nose.  Burning  in  skin  of  r.  axilla. 
Severe  boring  in  tibiae,  knees,  first  phalanx  of  1.  index,  1.  zygoma,  when 
at  rest.  11.30  a.m.,  pulsation  in  lower  lip  and  a  feeling  as  if  middle  of 
lip  was  swollen,  for  some  m.     12.30  p.m.^  boring  deep  in  r.  ear  when 


So8  AURUM. 

walking.     6  p,m.^  heart  palpitation  as  above  when  sitting.     Frequent 
pressure  in  shoulder-joints.     Sharp  shooting  in  red  of  upper  lip  lasting 
long^  Clothing  to  be  seen.     Touching  the  part  causes  shooting*     6.30 
p.m.,  burning  in  skin  on  L  side  of  nose  continued.     Frequent  boring 
in  knees   when   sitting,  in   1,  finger-roots.     Shooting  and   burning  in 
edges  of  eyelids*     Dull  pressure  betwixt  sternum  and  r.  nipple. — itst. 
Boring  near  the  nose,  in  1.  malar  bone,  1.  heel-bone.     Drawing  in  L   ^^ 
toes.     Often  when  walking  cardiac  symptoms  j  small,  quickj  irregular  ^H 
heart's  beats  with  deep  breathing,  and  involuntary  mood  to  stand  still,   ^^ 
this  lasts  a  few  m.     Tickling  in  larynx.     Great  burning  in  and  under 
tonguc^s  tip,  repeatedly.     Frequent  boring  in  frontal  bone.      Drawings 
burning   in  nape, — ^22nd,  6  a.m.,  in  bed.     Drawing  in  nose  from  the 
tip  to  the  top^  also  on  both  sides  of  nose  with  sensation   as   if  the 
nose  and  surrounding  parts    were    swollen,  lasts    |   h.     Soon    after-  ^M 
wards  shooting  in   toes.      7  a.m.,  burning   in  upper  lip.     Boring  in   ^M 
knees  when   sitting,   in  r.  wrist,     8  a.m.,  much  boring  in  r.  ankle-    ^^ 
joint,  then  in  r,  shoulder,  in  1.,  in  r,  side  of  frontal  bone,   repeatedly 
later.     In  the  n.  the  pain  in  nap>e  was  so   severe  that  it  woke  htm, 
as  it  had  done  several  times  in  n.     Shooting  and  burning  in  r.  axilla. 
II   p.m.,  very  painful  shooting  in  some  finger-joints,  in  1,    knee.— 
23rd.      M,,  some    limb   symptoms.      Drawing  in   r.   cheek.      Much   ^J 
burning  in   and    under  tongue.      3    p.m.,   the  joint    and   bone   pains  ^M 
increase  as  before.     Severe    burning  in   1,   ala  nasi   at  4  p.m. — ^24Ch.    ^^ 
The  limb  pains  and  burning  in  tongue  began  in  m.  as  usual.     In  o. 
much  short  dry  cough. — 25th,     Same  symptoms.     Much  shooting  iit 
r.    thoracic    wall.      E.,    when    at   rest,  symptoms  aggravated. .^26th, 
m.,  shooting  in  r.  toe.     Burning  in  skin  of  r,   knee.     Boring  in  r. 
upper   maxilla,  in  1.  knee.     Several  d,  cracking  in  cervical  vertebra; 
when    moving    head,    great    boring   in   occiput   at  4  p,m.^ — 27th   and 
28th.     Same  symptoms,  but  slighter.     Cold  and  heat  did  not  aggravate 
the  symptoms;  at  n.  the  symptoms  were  hardly  observed  ;   aggrava- 
tions occurred  from  3  to  4  p.m.  and  lasted  till  bedtime  and  returned 
m,  on    rising.     Rest   aggravated.     Digestion  and   urine  were   normal 
during  the  whole  proving.     No  effect  on  sexual  system.     Remarkable 
are  the  effects  on  tongue,  lips,  nose,  skin,  and  heart,  also  the  spasmodic 
cough.      The  general   health  and  disposition  were  quite   unaffected. 
The  distinct  and  continued  coppery  taste  was  very  striking.     {Ibid,  xi, 

pp.  17— ii9')   ^ 

9.  While  I  was  attending  Schonlein's  clinical  lectures  in  the  hos- 
pital at  Wurzburg,  I  induced  a  fellow-student  to  make  an  experiment 
with  triturated  gold,  which,  he  said,  was  absolutely  inert,  A  few  d. 
after  he  was  obliged  to  keep  his  room,  having  an  awfully  swollen  red 
nose,  exactly  confirming  Hahnemann's  observation.  (Hering,  Mct- 
calPs  Horn,  Provings^  p,  215.) 

t~  10.  Dr.  J.  C,  Burnett.— "Jan,  27th,  1879,  12.15  P-^'i  ^^^  ♦ 

grs.  of  A.  foliatum,  ij  trit.,  dry  on  the  tongue.  At  3  p.m.,  intolerable 
itching  in  r,  groin  at  inner  third.  At  4,  inspection  of  itching  sur- 
face showed  a  wheal,  which  had  disappeared  by  5,  though  part  remained 
tender,  28th. — Sensation  in  joints  and  muscles  like  one  has  after 
unwonted  exercise.    Feel  very  strong,  with  plenty  of  go  in  me.    G 


AURUM.  509 

upstairs  I  involuntarily  take  two  steps  at  a  time,  and  run  in  and  out  of 
patients'  houses  instead  of  walking.  29 ch. — E.,  no  action  of  bowels 
last  24  h.  ;  urine  decreased  very  much  in  quantity.  Feel  well.  30th* 
— Normal*  At  11*30  a.m.  repeated  dose.  In  e»  very  wakeful;  well 
up  to  work;  great  mental  activity  ;  testes  a  little  swelled  and  hard, 
31st. — Last  n.  erotic  dreams  ;  early  in  m.  in  bed  weary  pain  in  r.  tarsal 
bones,  shooting  up  towards  knee.  Pains  in  bones  of  skull,  soon  passing 
off-  Astringent  metallic  taste  in  mouth  ;  tongue  slightly  covered  with 
brownish  fur,  Feb,  4th. — In  groove  between  nose  and  cheek  a  cuta- 
neous lump  of  size  of  a  split  pea  ;  it  irritates,  gets  picked,  scabs  over, 
aiid  persists*  Feel  not  up  to  the  mark,  very  depressed  and  low 
spirited,  nothing  seems  worth  while.  Last  2  n.  I  have  dreamed  a 
great  deal  of  death.  At  2  p.m.  repeated  dose-  E.,  am  unusually 
wakeful ;  am  told  I  look  pale.  5th. — Dreamy  towards  m. ;  am  re- 
peatedly told  I  look  pale  and  worn  ;  have  dazed  feeling  in  head.  6th. — 
Feel  ill ;  look  pale  ;  have  pain  at  lower  part  of  spine  ;  have  had  bad  n., 
dreaming  of  the  dead  and  of  corpses.  Repeated  dose,  £.,  feel  fagged, 
but  yet  not  able  to  sleep.  Feel  quite  out  of  sorts.  For  many  d.  great 
activity  of  uro-poietic  system.  Sleep  does  not  refresh.  7th. — Look 
and  feel  ill,  and  although  weary,  no  inclination  for  either  rest  or  sleep. 
'*  March  25th. — Still  have  some  pain  at  the  bottom  of  the  spine  ;  the 
last  week  or  two  my  memory  has  been  very  bad  indeed,  and  I  am  low- 
spirited, — while  taking  the  drug  memory  was  preternaturally  sharp, 
April  16th. — Memory  a  little  less  clouded  ;  still  a  pain  at  the  bottom 
of  back  occasionally.  30th. — Memory  getting  good  again.  Two 
teeth  began  to  decay  during  the  proving,  and  were  rapidly  and  com- 
pletely destroyed,  which  the  prover  attributed  to  the  drug."  (Gold  a i 
a  Remedy  in  Diseasey  1 8  79,) 

II.  A  young  man,  who  took  gr.  si]  of  i,  trit.  of  A.  met.,  4  times  a 
d.,  had  sense  of  deafness  ;  burning  sensation  in  stomach,  with  hot 
risings ;  huskiness  of  voice,  as  if  he  had  a  cold  ;  difficulty  of  raising 
phlegm.     (Robinson,  Brit,  yourn,  of  Horn,  ^  xxv,  321.) 

II.  Poisonings, — 1.  Some  years  ago  a  gentleman  came  to  me  in 
deep  distress.     Said  he,  "My  brain  is  softening  j  lam  losing  my  mind, 
;oing  crazy,  becoming  hopelessly   imbecile,  or  something  of  that  sort, 

hardly  know  what."  He  was  the  picture  of  despair ;  and  1  really 
thought  from  his  appearance  that  something  serious  was  the  matter. 
*'  I  never  thought  a  man  could  be  so  utterly  desolate  and  melancholy,'* 
he  continued,  **  I  feel  like  putting  an  end  to  the  whole  business  by 
jumping  into  the  river,  or  blowing  out  my  brains,  that  is,  if  I  have  any 
left."  And  then  my  visitor  went  on  to  tell  me  in  stilt  stronger  Ian- 
guage  how  imbecile  he  seemed  to  have  become.  Everything  irritated 
him  ;  he  seemed  to  have  as  little  control  over  himself  as  a  child.  Am- 
biiion  and  energy  were  utterly  gone,  trifling  annoyances  affected  him 
even  to  tears,  Memory  was  impaired,  and  he  was  unfitted  for  business, 
A  little  inquiry  brought  out  the  fact  that  he  was  suffering  from  secondary 
symptoms  of  syphilis,  for  which  he  had  repaired  to  a  popular  health 
resort,  and  was  even  now  taking  medicine  which  his  physician  there 
had  prescribed.     He  feared  that  the  disease  had  not   been  eradicated, 

d  fancied  that  it  had  attacked  the  throat  and  bones  of  the  nose,  as  he 


f 


Sio 


AURUM. 


had  a  terribly  ofFensivc  waterjr  discharge  from   nostrils  and  posterioii 
nares^  and  gnawing  pains  in  bridge  of  nose^  all  of  which  he  said  came 
on  during  the  preceding  three  weeks* 

I  asked  to  see  the  medicine  he  was  taking.  He  puUed  out  a  boxl 
of  pills,  and  remarked  upon  their  expensive  character,  achief  ingredicntj 
being  gold.  I  examined  one,  and  with  the  naked  eye  small  particles  ofl 
shining  gold-leaf  could  be  readily  seen*  A  crude  trituration  of  A*  mctal-l 
licum  had  been  made  up  into  pill  form,  and  the  patient  had  already  taken  I 
about  two  dozen  of  them  in  the  course  of  three  weeks.  ...  He  was  I 
directed  to  stop  the  pills  »  and  in  a  fortnight  the  whole  train  of  dis-l 
tressing  symptoms,  melancholy,  terrible  forebodings,  thoughts  of  suicide,  I 
headache,  catarrh,  nervous  prostration,  loss  of  appetite,  &c.,  had  dif-j 
appeared.     {Dr.  Lucius  Morse,  Hahn,  Monthly^  xii,  506.)  I 

2.  A.   muriaticum,  taken  to  extent  of  gr,  -jlyth  daily,  occasions  al 
specific  fever,  more  or  less  violent.     "  This  excitation   I   consider  in«l 
dispensable  for  the   cure  of  the  diseases  *' — syphilis,  scrofula,  &c. — 
"against  which   1  administer  gold  :   restrained  within  proper   limits,  it 
is  never  accompanied   by  any  remarkable   or  even  sensible   disorder  oFJ 
functions*      The  mouth  is  natural,  the  tongue    moist,   the  appctitel 
continues,  the  bowels  arc  not  disordered,  and  there  is  ordinarily  only! 
increase  of  urine  and  of  perspiration.     If  carried  too  far,  however,  wc! 
incur  the    risk  of    inducing  general  erethism,    with  inflammation  of 
this  or  that  organ,  according  to  the  predisposition  of  the  patient,  which 
will  not  only  check  the  treatment,  but  may  even  induce  a  new  diseafe^ 
often  more  troublesome  than  the  original  one.     The  suspension  orl 
modification  of  the  remedy  should  be  determined  by  the  unusual  tmk 
sustained  heat  of  the  skin/*     (Chrestien,  De  la  meth^de  iatrcltptiqui\ 
^c.y  Paris,  i8it.     C,  asserts  that  finely  divided  metallic  gold  produces  < 
the  same  constitutional  effects,  but  in  milder  degree,  with  little  or  no 
irritation.) 

3.  Cullerier,  the  nephew,  has  seen  gr.  -jig-th  of  A.  m.  excite,  at  the 
second  dose,  gastric  irritation,  dryness  of  tongue,  redness  of  thrott, 
colic,  and  diarrhoea.     Magendie  has  seen  violent  gastritis,  accompaniedj 
by  agitation,  cramps  and  pain  in  limbs,  and   afterwards  great  h^t  ot\ 
skin,  obstinate  sleeplessness,  and   fatiguing  erections.      (Magendi£, 
Formulairfy  8th  ed,,  p.  305,  quoted  by  Pereira.) 

4.  The  chloride  of  gold  and  sodium  causes,  even  in  doses  below  the 
established  maximal  limit,  headache,  sleeplessness,  dryness  in  mouth, 
oppression  in  region  of  stomach,  and  diarrhoea.     (Wibmer,  op.  at.) 

5.  Salivation  has  been  commonly  described  as  a  result  of  gold,  and  j 
is  said  to  occur  after  a  longer  period,  and  with  less  marked  stomatitis,! 
than  when  produced  by  mercury.  Martini  met  with  it  only  after  thc^ 
long-continued  use  of  small  doses  of  A.  m.,  and  found  that  the  double  j 
chloride  of  gold  and  sodium  could  be  taken  for  many  months  without  I 
injurious  effect  j  only  in  one  case  did  ptyalism  occur,  and  then  ^rd  of] 
an  oz.  had  been  taken.     (Phillips,  op.  cit.)  ] 

6.  Constipation  is  usually  produced   by  the  medicinal  use  of  the 
preparations  of  gold,  and  this  notwithstanding  an  increased  secretion  of 
the  intestinal  glandular  apparatus  is  one  of  the  results  of  their  administra^  J 
tion.     (Bartholow,  Mat,  Mtd.^  sub  voce.)  I 


AURUM.  511 

7.  Legrand  (DerOr,&c.)  says  that  gold  is  an  excitant,  seeming  to 
act  principally  upon  the  arterial,  venous,  and  lymphatic  systems.  The 
patients  feel  an  indescribable  sense  of  well-being,  they  feel  themselves 
lighter  (as  they  express  it) ;  the  intellectual  faculties  are  more  active. 
It  has  been  known  to  cause  frequent  erotic  salacity  going  on  to  painful 
priapism.  It  leads  sooner  or  later  to  evacuation  of  secretions,  preceded 
by  a  slight  febrile  state :  the  temperature  is  raised,  the  pulse  is  more 
frequent,  and  then  follows  profuse  and  long-lasting  perspiration,  or  a 
great  flow  of  urine,  or  (inodorous)  salivation,  or  diarrhoea.  The  per- 
spirations have  been  known  so  severe  that  the  mattress  was  wet  through  ; 
they  have  at  times  an  alkaline  odour,  at  times  they  are  very  fcetid ; 
they  are  followed  by  a  gentle  moisture  of  the  skin,  that  at  times  lasts  a 
month.  The  urine  is  usually  thick^  cloudy,  and  very  foetid.  (Bur- 
nett, op.  cit,) 

8.  According  to  Gozzi  [Sopra  Puso  di  alcuni  remedii  curifici  nelle 
malattie  veneree^  Bologna,  1817),  the  perspirations  are  decidedly  worse 
at  n.  Moreover,  an  excessive  dose  of  gold  renders  it  a  debilitant  and 
depressant ;  thus  Gozzi  has  observed  suppression  of  urine  and  of  per- 
spiration, exacerbation  of  the  disease,  the  patients  complaining  of 
malaise  and  of  unusual  heat.  Gozzi  also  asserts  that  dry  warm 
weather  favours  the  action  of  gold,  and,  on  the  contrary,  its  use  is 
apt  to  cause  inconvenience  in  cold  weather,  especially  cold  and  wet. 
Sometimes,  he  adds,  the  drug  causes  slight  inflammation  of  the  tongue, 
of  the  gums,  and  of  the  fauces  ;  also,  in  two  cases,  inflammation  of 
the  cheeks.     (^Ibid.) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals.^i.  At  ii  a.m.  4  centigrammes  of 
the  chloride  of  gold  dissolved  in  4  grammes  of  distilled  water  were 
injected  into  the  jugular  vein  of  a  large  and  strong  dog.  15  m.  after- 
wards the  respiration  was  diflicult  and  noisy,  there  was  sighing,  suflFo- 
cation,  and  vomiting  of  a  very  small  quantity  of  white  matter  floating 
in  foam.  These  symptoms  increased  until  in  i  h.  and  5  m.  the  animal 
was  in  a  state  of  great  distress,  uttered  plaintive  cries,  and  only  breathed 
with  the  greatest  difliculty.  At  each  expiration  it  made  a  very  loud 
noise ;  it  remained,  however,  able  to  walk,  although  it  kept  lying 
down,  and  often  changed  its  position.  At  4.30  all  these  symptoms 
continued  with  increased  intensity,  and  i  h.  afterwards  it  died. 
Examination  showed  the  lungs  livid,  except  in  a  few  small  patches, 
which  were  rose  coloured  :  the  lung  tissue  was  dense,  hepatised,  gorged 
with  blood,  and  non-crepitant.  Placed  in  water  they  sank,  and  only 
the  rose-coloured  patches  floated  and  were  slightly  crepitant.  The 
mucous  membrane  of  stomach  and  intestines  was  healthy.  (Orfila, 
Toxicologies  sub  voce.) 

2.  A  small  dog  was  forced  to  swallow  $0  centigrammes  of  the  salt 
dissolved  in  30  grammes  of  water.  The  animal  vomited  3  times  in 
the  following  6  m.  i  the  matte^  vomited  were  almost  all  liquid  and 
scanty.  After  20  m.  it  brought  up  much  frothy  saliva.  Two  d. 
afterwards  it  ate  with  appetite,  ran  about,  and  tried  to  escape.  On  4th 
d.  it  began  to  refuse  food,  became  thin  and  weak,  and  died  on  n.  of 
7th  d.  after  ingestion  of  poison.  The  mucous  membrane  of  the 
stomach  was  found  to  be  ulcerated,  of  a  clear  red  colour,  and  appa- 


BAPTISIA. 


rently  suppurating  at  more  than  twenty  points.     The  lungs  appeared 
but  little  altered.     (/^rW.     There  are  2  similar  experiments.) 

3.  Three  drops  of  a  I  to  16  solution  of  A.  mur.  were  given  dafljr, 
for  a  long  time^  to  two  dogs*  After  dose  they  had  much  frothing  at 
mouth,  frequently  lasting  hours,  vomiting  and  dejected  humour.  Ex- 
crements black  coloured*  Both  dogs  grew  fatter.  When  large  doses 
were  given  they  had  severe  coryza  and  violent  cough,  which  had  a 
croupy  sound  and  as  though  something  stuck  in  their  throats  [N. 
Xtitschr,/.  hem.  A"/.,  iv*) 


4 


L 


BAPTISIA. 

BapHsia  ttntthria^  R*  Br.     Wild  indigo.     Nat.  Ord.,  LtguminM^t. 
Pr&vings. —  i.    J,   S.   Douglass,  M.D.,   act.    55,   good 


health, 
I  dr.  of 


nervous-sanguine  temp.  On  Feb.  5th,  10  a*m,  and  2  p.m.,  took 
tinct*  without  perceptible  effect.  At  bedtime  2  dr.  Slept  2  or  3  h,,  and 
then  woke  from  a  troublesome  dream  with  difficult  breathing,  a  sort  of 
nightmare  ;  felt  on  waking  as  if  room  were  insufferably  hot  and  close, 
hindering  respiration.  Feeling  of  greatly  increased  compass  and  fre- 
quency of  hearths  pulsations,  which  seemed  to  fill  the  chest ;  pulse, 
normally  about  70,  he  judged  to  be  90  or  over,  full  and  soft.  There 
was  most  uncomfortable  burning  heat  of  whole  surface,  especially  of 
face ;  tongue  was  dry  on  rubbing  against  roof  of  mouth,  smarted  and 
felt  sore  as  if  burnt*  The  heat  compelled  him  to  move  to  a  cool  part 
of  bed,  and  finally  to  rise  and  open  a  window,  and  bathe  the  face  and 
hands.  With  these  symptoms  was  a  peculiar  feeling  of  head,  never 
experienced  save  during  presence  of  fever — a  sort  of  excitement  of 
brain  which  is  the  beginning  of  delirium,  this  never  failing  to  occur 
with  him  when  fever  continues  and  reaches  any  height.  After  1  h, 
these  symptoms  abated,  and  he  went  to  sleep,  and  slept  soundly  till  late 
in  m.  On  waking  tongue  was  dry,  with  same  burnt  feeling  j  and  there 
was  a  little  dulness  in  head.  Appetite  for  breakfast  good.  At  9.  a.m. 
took  I  dr.  Same  feeling  of  tongue  continued  slightly  through  d.,  with 
hot  and  perceptibly  flushed  face,  and  slight  confusion  of  brain.  Slept 
soundly  that  n.  On  7th,  no  symptoms  save  slight  dryness  of  tongue. 
Took  2  dr.,  and  shortly  after  drank  coffee  with  breakfast^  which  seemed 
to  neutralise  effect.  Before  bedtime  2  dr.  Slept  2 — 3  h.,  and  dreamed 
of  labouring  hard  in  deep  snow,  suffering  with  heat  from  exertion,  and 
^H  finally  being  smothered  in  the  snow.  Awoke  with  great  difficulty  ot 
^B  breathing,  lungs  felt  tight  and  compressed,  could  not  get  a  full  breath, 

■  felt  obliged  to  open  window  to  get  face  to  fresh  air  ;  same  burning  heat 
I  of  surface,  dry  tongue,  increased  and  cjuickened  pulsations  ofhean,  and 
I  peculiar  feeling  of  brain,  as  on  first  n.  An  h.  passed  before  he  could 
I  breathe  easily  and  felt  comfortably  cool.  Slept  well  remainder  of  n*, 
I         after  having  for  a  short  time  slight   febrile  chilly   horripilations  over 

■  lower  limbs  and  back.  On  8th,  in  m.,  slight  dulness,  heat  of  face,  and 
fc       dry  tongue  ;  appetite  good.     Head,  face,  and  tongue  continued  thus  all 


i 


BAPTISIA.  513 

d.  ;  at  n.  slept  profoundly.  On  9th,  no  symptoms  save  bloated  feeling 
of  eyes  and  sense  of  having  slept  too  long  and  hard.  At  11.30  a.m., 
2  dr. ;  very  soon  slight  chilliness  in  lower  limbs  and  back,  brain  a  little 
stimulated.  At  i,  feeling  dull,  especially  in  occiput,  where  there  was 
slight  pain  and  fulness,  lay  down  and  slept  an  h.  ;  waking  from  a  slight 
sort  of  nightmare,  with  moderate  tightness  of  chest  and  correspondingly 
difficult  breathing,  which  was  soon  over.  At  3  p.m.,  2  dr.,  soon  after 
dinner  ;  no  effect.  At  bedtime  2  dr.  Again  waking  (with  some  diffi- 
culty) from  nightmare  after  about  2  h.,  anxiety  continuing  for  some 
time  after  waking.  Burning  heat  and  evident  feeling  of  pulsation  in 
feet  for  i  h.,  after  which  he  went  to  sleep  and  slept  soundly.*  On 
loth,  at  2.30  p.m.,  3  dr.  Within  a  few  m.,  heat  of  face,  soon  followed 
by  same  febrile  excitement  of  brain  in  a  greater  degree  ;  disposition  to 
talk,  external  vessels  of  head  and  face  more  full ;  head  felt  large  and 
eyes  were  shining.  With  these  symptoms  there  was  intolerance  of 
pressure  on  any  part ;  could  not  rest  back  against  chair  without  having 
pain  from  pressure,  was  obliged  to  change  sitting  posture  every  few  m. 
from  same  cause,  even  feet  became  painful  from  resting  on  floor. 
Hands  felt  large  and  were  tremulous,  with  peculiar  thrilling  sensation 
through  both  hands  and  feet,  somewhat  like  "  going  to  sleep  ;"  saliva 
rather  abundant,  somewhat  viscid  and  flat-tasting;  "gone^'  empty 
feeling  in  stomach.  These  sensations  were  soon  followed  by  dull  pain 
of  sacrum,  compounded  of  soreness  as  from  pressure  and  fatigue  as  from 
long  stooping,  soon  extending  round  hips  and  down  r.  leg.  Dined  at 
3.30  with  tolerable  appetite,  read  for  I  h.,  and  then  lay  down,  but 
experienced  difficulty  of  breathing,  which  in  about  ^  h.  became  so  great 
that  he  was  obliged  to  rise,  feeling  that  if  he  went  to  sleep  he  would  im- 
mediately have  nightmare  and  suflFocation.  This  dyspnoea  was  not  so 
much  constrictive  as  paretic^  such  as  he  had  only  felt  during  a  fever. 
Walking  out  in  e.,  legs  felt  weak  and  vacillating;  after  returning, 
rather  painful  weariness  of  back  and  legs  (especially  r.),  and  of  r. 
shoulder  and  arm  ;  also  constant  want  to  take  a  full  breath.  Went  to 
bed  feeling  utterly  exhausted.  Next  d.  rather  weak  and  indisposed  to 
think  ;  heat  of  face ;  during  e.  uneasy,  restless,  could  confine  himself 
to  nothing,  wanted  to  be  moving  from  place  to  place,  unhappy  ;  mind 
seemed  weak,  rather  confused.  Felt  compelled  to  retire  as  early  as  9, 
and  slept  soundly  till  7.30  next  m.  On  12th  felt  weak  and  tremulous, 
as  though  recovering  from  illness  and  as  vet  incapable  of  making  any 
vigorous  mental  or  physical  exertion.  Felt  stronger  on  walking  in  open 
air,  which^  however,  produced   continual   and  profuse  lachrymation. 

*  "  I  omitted  to  mention  in  its  place,  that  each  time  after  waking  from  the  night- 
mare the  parts  on  which  I  lay  soon  became  exceedingly  painful,  especially  the  sacral 
region  and  hips.  After  lying  for  not  more  than  10  m.  upon  the  back,  the  sacral 
region  became  intolerably  painful,  as  though  I  had  lain  on  the  bam  floor  all  night,  and 
inducing  the  conviction  that  a  short  qontmuance  of  the  position  would  induct  bed- 
sores. When  turning  on  one  or  other  side,  the  same  sensation  would  be  produced  on 
the  hips,  obliging  me  at  last  to  tirni  on  my  face  to  relieve  these  parts.  •  •  •  In 
regard  to  the  nightmare,  it  is  proper  to  say  that  I  was  formerly  considerably  subject  to 
it,  but  for  many  years  have  never  had  it,  except  when  sleeping  on  my  back,  or  perhaps 
very  rarelv  when  on  my  left  side.  In  all  the  instances  recorded  I  was  sleeping  in  my 
usual  position,  on  my  right  side," 

33 


SH 


BAPTISIA. 


Hag  been  constipated  from  beginning  of  proving  until  now,  when 
bowels  have  resumed  their  usual  condition*  Symptoms  gradually 
subsided  during  next  3  d.     {N.  Jmer,  Joum.  of  Hom,^  vi,  aiS,)  I 

2.  Dr,  S.  R,  Beckwith  took  unknown  quantity,  and  rcpotra  asi 
effects  : — Slight  nausea,  with  increased  heat  ;  slight  dizziness  andi 
languor  J  muscular  debility;  inactive  mind;  restless  feeling,  without 
disposition  to  move ;  burning  sensation  over  whole  body,  followed  by 
perspiration,  vomiting  and  diarrhoea,  stools  dark ;  debility  j  loss  of 
appetite  ;  slow,  round,  full  pulse  \  filthy  taste  with  flow  of  saliva  j 
constriction  and  oppressbn  of  chest ;  drowsy,  stupid,  tired  feeling  ; 
aching  in  limbs  ;  pain  in  back  extending  to  sacrum.     {Ibid.) 

3.  Dr.  P.  B.  HoYT  also  gives  no  information  as  to  doses  taken,  and 
reports  his  symptoms  as  follows  in  the  order  of  the  schema; — Vertigo  j| 
dull  pain  in  front  of  head  ;  sharp  pain  over  r.  eye,  then  over  1.  ;  duUi 
pain  in  both  temples,  growing  more  and  more  intense;  dull  stupid 
feeling  all  over  head,  with  severe  pain  at  occiput ;  head  feels  heavy,  as 
though  he  could  not  sit  up  ;  headache  day  and  night,  causing  sensation 
of  wildness  and  increased  by  noise  ;  cannot  confine  mind,  a  sort  of 
wild  wandering  feeling.  Soreness  of  eyeballs  ;  eyes  feel  swollen,  with 
burning  and  slight  lachrymation  ;  congestion  of  vessels  of  eyes,  which 
look  red  and  inflamed.  Dulness  of  hearing.  Catarrh,  dull  pain  at 
root  of  nose.  Face  feels  flushed  and  very  hot,  cheeks  burn.  Profuse 
flow  of  sweetish-bitter  saliva,  followed  by  a  glutinous  substance  ;  lips 
stick  together  ;  tongue  coated  at  first  white,  with  reddish  papillae  here 
and  there,  followed  by  a  yellowish- brown  coating  in  centre,  edges 
being  red  and  shining ;  tongue  feels  thick  and  swollen  ;  numb  prick- 
ing sensation  of  tongue;  bad  taste  in  mouth.  Throat  feels  swollen  j 
and  full,  with  oppressed  respiration,  and  sharp  pains  in  chest  on  taking 

a  long  breath.  Slight  nausea  and  want  of  appetite  ;  constant  desire  for 
water.  Constipation;  fulness  of  abdomen  ;  flatulence;  pain  in  hypo-  J 
gastrium  ;  soreness  of  abdominal  muscles,  as  if  from  cold  or  coughing  \ 
violently.  Urine  not  very  copious;  of  dark  red  colour;  a  sort  of 
burning  when  urinating.  Extremities  feel  hot,  except  feet,  which  are 
cold  ;  stiffness  of  all  joints,  as  if  strained.  Surface  of  whole  body  fecb 
hot  and  dry,  with  occasional  chill,  principally  up  and  down  back,  as  if 
ague  were  coming  on  ;  chill  all  d*,  with  fever  at  n,,  and  rheumatic 
pains  and  soreness  all  over  body  ;  pulse  at  first  accelerated,  afterwards 
very  low  and  faint.  Restless,  does  not  sleep  quietly,  wants  and  yet 
does  not  want  to  get  up  ;  dreams  about  fighting  and  disputations,  but 
always  comes  off  best.  All  symptoms  increased  by  taking  a  glass  of 
beer  ;  many  continued  4  or  5  d.      [Ibid,)  I 

4.  W.  Rowley,  aet.  20  ;  dosage  also  unknown.  After  3rd  dose 
headache,  first  in  front,  afterwards  behind  ;  feeling  of  great  prostration  ; 
flashes  of  heat  from  small  of  back  in  all  directions  ;  nausea.  On  3rd  1 
d,  severe  headache  in  front  ;  low  spirits,  prostration  ;  pain  in  stomach 
and  hypochondrium,  passing  down  to  r.  iliac  region  ;  drowsiness,  ds8* 
position  to  have  eyes  closed  ;  pulse  slow  and  weak.     [Ibid^) 

5.  L.  W.  Sapp,  set.  21.  After  1st  dose  (quantity  unnamed) 
thirst  and  flashes  of  heat  over  face.  General  heat  after  going  to  bed  ; 
unusually  sound  sleep;  in  m,  dull  stupid  feeling  after  breakfast ;  slight 


BAPTISIA.  515 

yellow  coat  on  tongue  ;  dull  pain  in  abdomen  on  pressure ;  sallow 
appearance  of  countenance  ;  bowels  costive.  Dull  heavy  aching  in 
lumbar  region  on  going  to  bed ;  dreams  at  n. ;  next  m.  aching  and 
dull  heaviness  in  head  after  rising ;  tongue  coated  white  and  slightly 
congested  ;  heat  in  forehead  ;  rheumatic  pains  in  r.  side ;  loss  of 
appetite  ;  pulse  70,  rising  about  2  p.m.  to  100 ;  chill  over  back  while 
sitting  by  hot  fire  in  forenoon  ;  indescribable  sick  feeling  all  over ; 
great  languor  ;  pains  in  stomach  and  feeling  as  if  there  were  a  hard 
substance  there.  In  e,  cramp  in  stomach  and  chills  over  back  ;  great 
chilliness  on  going  into  open  air ;  soreness  in  front  part  of  head  and  on 
moving  eyes.  Deep  sleep  till  3  a.m. ;  on  waking,  flashes  of  heat  and 
feeling  as  if  perspiration  would  break  out ;  soreness  in  region  of  liver. 
In  m.  swelling  of  epiglottis  (?) ;  soreness  in  brain,  worse  on  stooping, 
and  in  muscles  of  neck  ;  urine  high  coloured.     {Ibid,) 

6.  J.  E.  Smith,  act.  32.  Took  3  doses  (quantity  not  stated)  at 
bedtime  on  Feb.  8th,  9th,  and  nth.  On  n.  of  8th  heat  and  burning 
of  lower  extremities,  so  intense  as  to  prevent  sleep  most  of  n. ;  when 
asleep  continual  dreaming  ;  bowels  loose  next  m.  (very  unusual) ;  slight 
dulness  in  brain  all  d.  N.  of  9th  sleepless  and  restless ;  brain  feels 
numb,  with  occasional  stitches  or  shocks  in  various  parts  of  head. 
Taking  none  on  10th  felt  nearly  well  on  nth.  Dreamed  all  that  n., 
in  dreams  triumphing  over  all  opposition  ;  in  m.  headache  in  front  part 
of  brain,  inability  to  memorise  as  usual  ;  stitching  pain  in  cardiac  end 
of  stomach  ;  throbbing  in  heart,  so  as  to  be  distinctly  heard.  Slept 
well  at  n. ;  on  13th  diarrhoea,  loud  borborygmi ;  pains  in  liver  ;  sore- 
ness in  front  of  thighs,  worse  after  sitting  awhile ;  darting  pain  in  1. 
knee  and  ankle  ;  twitching  in  1.  deltoid^  which  has  been  constant  since 
taking  ist  dose,  and  to-day  the  same  in  1.  latissimus  dorsi  ;  slight 
headache,  with  bruised  feeling  in  forehead  \  lachrymation  on  going 
into  open  air  ;  general  tired,  bruised,  sick  feeling  in  all  parts  of  body, 
but  not  very  bad.  On  14th  slight  erratic  pains  in  various  parts,  bowels 
confined.  On  ifth,  constipation  severe,  with  haemorrhoids,  quite 
troublesome :  took  dose  of  nux  vom.  On  i6th  bowels  regular,  haemor- 
rhoids gone.     {Ibid.) 

7.  Dr.  Conrad  Wesselhoeft,  May  17th,  1869,  took  3  dr.  of  5th  dil.at  7  a.m., 
and  seems  to  have  repeated  dose  daily,  though  he  does  not  say  so.  During  J  h.  after 
1st  dose  aching  pain  of  occiput,  extending  Jrom  car  to  ear,  and  from  nape  to  vertex. 
Same  occurred  on  aoth,  and  from  19th  to  21st  he  felt  great  drowsiness  all  d.,  going  to 
sleep  at  any  time,  with  great  disinclination  to  mental  exertion.  On  22nd,  taking  no 
medicine,  telt  much  better  all  d.*     (Pub.  of  Mass,  Horn,  Soc,  iii,  456.) 

8.  a.  Dr.  Burt,  in  good  health,  took,  Oct.  12th,  10  dr.  of  tinct., 
at  10  a.m.  At  noon  feeling  of  tightness  across  forehead,  with  pain 
over  r.  eye.  At  3  p.m.,  severe  pain  every  few  m.  at  cardiac  end  of 
stomach.  At  4  p.m.,  15  dr.  Frontal  sensations  yet  more  pronounced, 
and  frequent  sharp  shootings  through  bowels.  At  8  p.m.,  20  dr. 
Frequent  pressive  pain  over  r.  eye  ;  constant  pain  in  region  of  gall- 
bladder, very  severe  when  walking,  j  dull  pain  in  epigastrium ;    dull 

•  Dr.  Wesselhoeft  writes : — "  Soon  after  commencing,  I  found  my  physical 
condition  unfitted  for  a  reliable  proving ;  but  1  herewith  furnish  what  I  have  obtained." 
Under  these  circimistances,  we  tnink  it  safest  to  print  his  results  in  small  type,  as  not 
free  from  imcertainty. — Eds. 


516 


BAPTISIA. 


drawing  pain  in  r,  groin  i  legs  ache.     At  bedtime,  25  dr.     Slept  well 

till  midnight,  not  at  all  since  ;  dreamed  of  being  chained  down  across 
mouth.     Frequent  epigastric  pain,  much  increased  by  turning  over,  to 
which  nevertheless  he  was  constantly  impelled  ;  drawing  pains  in  arms 
and  legs  ;  slight  rumbling  in  bowels.     Next  m.,  tongue  coated  yellow 
along  centre.     At  10  a.m.,  30  dr.     Dull  pressive  pain  in  forehead,  and 
sharp  pains  in  both  temples  j  dull  pain  in  r,  hypochondrium  and  small 
of   back  ;    drawing  pains  in  legs  \    slight    rumbling  in  bowels^  with 
mushy  stool.     At  2  p.m.,  35  dr.,  and  at  9,  40  dr.     All  afternoon  and 
c,,  constant  and  severe  pain  in  epigastrium  and  r,  hypochondrium,  of 
drawing  character,  worst  when  walking  ;  pain  causes  numb  feeling  to 
pass  all  over  body.     Dull  pain  in  forehead  ;    drawing  pain  in  calves. 
Urinated  40  oz.,  acid.     Had  a  very  restless  n.,  with  frightful  dreams. 
On  14th,  without  further  dose,  continuance  of  dull  pain  in  abdomen, 
involving   umbilicus  ;  tongue  yellow  ;  soft  stool  ;    urine  26  02.,  acid. 
N.  the  same  ;  but  at  9  next  m.  felt  quite  well.     Took  40  dr.  at  9  a.m*, 
and  pains  returned,  extending  to  spine.     At  5  p.m.,  50  drs.     Skin  of 
forehead   much    contracted ;    severe    drawing    pains  in   r.  groin    and 
testicle,  and  in  r.  foot.     Urine  28  oz.,  acid.     At  9  p.m.,  60  dr,     Slept  1 
till  2  a.m.,  then  could  sleep  no  more  ;  took  40  dr.  at  4  a.m.     A  goodl 
deal  of  epigastric  pain  all  n.,  but  felt  quite  well  next  m.     Injcctedi 
10  drops  under  skin  of  l.  arm  over  biceps.     In   10  m.  skin  of  forehead* 
felt  as  if  it  would  be  pulled  to  back  part  of  head,  with  numb  feeling  of 
forehead  and  face  i  in  15  m.j  feeling  as  if  he  would  vomit,  with  some 
shooting  pain  in  1.  abdomen  and  loin  ;  in  30  m.^  sensation  as  if  forehead 
would  be  pressed  in  ;  slight  abdominal  pains  as  before;  frequent  gulping! 
up  o/air;  slight  pressive  headache,  and  dull  pain  in  loins.     At  2  p*m«^ 
took  TOO  dr.     Dull  heavy  pressive  headache  ;    at   times  sharp  pains  m 
temples  ;  heavy  aching  m  stomach  and  liver,  with  very  hot  sensation 
there  j  soft  stools.     At  9  p.m.  took  120  drops.     Felt  very  weak  and 
trembled  a  good  deal.     Pains  continue^ — that  in  r.   hypochondrium 
(gall-bladder)  so  severe  on  walking  as  to  make  this  almost  impossible  ; 
severe  drawing  pains  in  calves.     Urine  42  oz.,  acid.     At  bedtime  took  J 
106  dr*     Slept  well  till  2  a.m.,  then  very  restless  till  m.,  with  fright*' 
ful  dreams.      Next    m,,  dull  heavy  frontal   headache;    constant   dull 
umbilical  aching,  aggravated  by  deep  inspiration  ^  dull  lumbar  aching^ 
very  severe  when  walking ;    tongue  yellow  along  centre  j  flat  taste. 
At  noon,   150  dr.     Pains  in   head  and   r.  hypochondrium  as    before, 
quite  sharp  at  times  i  and  after  200  dr,  at  3  p.m.,  frontal  tightness  as 
before. 

L  Fearing  that  all  medicinal  properties  of  drug  were  not  in  dnct», 
he  chewed  this  d.  (Oct,  17  th)  30  grs,  of  green  bark  of  root.  Constant 
burning  distress  in  epigastrium,  with  severe  colicky  pains  in  umbilical - 
and  especially  in  hypogastric  region  every  few  seconds,  with  rumblijig] 
in  bowels  and  desire  to  vomit,  but  no  nausea  j  soft  stool ;  drawing 
pains  in  r.  hip  and  both  calves.  Urine  31  oz.,  acid.  Slept  till  3  aum,, 
after  which  could  do  so  no  more,  but  had  to  toss  about  constantly  ^ 
dull,  hard  headache,  very  much  worse  on  moving,  with  frequent  sharp 
pains  in  temples  ;  constant  umbilical  aching.  At  4  a.m.,  40  grs.  In 
ni.j  tongue  yellow  j  flat  bitter  taste  j  tonsils  congested  ;  drawing  paitis 


BAPTISIA.  517 

in  legs  ;  all  forenoon  great  distress  in  stomach  and  bowels,  with  desire 
to  vomit  ;  soft  mushy  stools.  At  ii  a.m.  took  55  grs.  At  i  p.m., 
eyes  felt  as  if  pressed  into  head,  with  great  confusion  of  sight  ;  could 
not  fix  objects  at  first  look,  everything  seeming  to  be  moving  ;  difficult 
to  keep  eyelids  open.  Fauces  and  tonsils  very  much  congested  ;  great 
distress  in  epigastric  and  umbilical  region, with  much  rumbling;  cramp 
in  calves  on  every  movement ;  felt  very  weak  and  faint.  8  p.m., 
have  had  frequent  pains  in  r.  temple  ;  eyes  smart  and  ache  severely ; 
tonsils  same,  with  frequent  desire  to  swallow,  which  produces  pain  in 
root  of  tongue  ;  constant  aching  distress  in  abdomen  as  before,  with 
rumbling,  weakness,  and  faintness  ;  papescent  stool,  with  much  mucus  ; 
legs  tremble  and  ache.  Urine  33  oz.,  acid.  A  very  restless  n.  Next 
m.  (iQth)^  head,  mouth,  throat,  and  abdomen  as  before;  also  back  and 
hips  are  stifF^  and  ache  severely,  with  drawing  pains  in  1.  leg.  These 
symptoms  continued  all  d.  ;  urine  of  whitish  colour,  neutral.  Slept 
well.  Tongue  next  m.  still  yellow  ;  gums  have  been  very  sore  for 
2  d.,  they  bleed  freely  on  pressure ;  throat  red ;  slight  backache. 
Stool,  absent  yesterday,  was  natural  to-day.  Felt  very  gloomy  for 
several  d. 

f.  Oct.  28th,  feeling  well,  at  10  a.m.  took  4  grs.  of  baptisin.* 
Severe  pain  in  region  of  gall-bladder,  lasting  i  h.  ;  constant  slight 
umbilical  pain  ;  natural  stool.  Later  in  d.  took  6  grs.  All  e.,  dull 
frontal  headache,  with  smarting  of  eyes  and  drawing  pain  down  nose  ; 
abdominal  aching  in  hypogastrium  also,  and  there  at  times  very  sharp. 
Slept  well,  and  on  29th,  feeling  quite  well,  took  10  grs.  at  jo  a.m. 
Umbilical  pain  all  d. ;  in  afternoon  occasional  drawing  pains  in  r.  wrist 
and  1.  ankle,  and  in  e.  constant  dull  frontal  headache.  Took  14  grs. 
Slept  well  till  i  a.m.,  then  woke  with  severe  cutting  in  hypogastrium 
and  loud  rumbling  ;  after  this  very  restless,  with  frightful  dreams.  Next 
m.  tongue  and  mouth  as  before  ;  soft  papescent  stools.  Inguinal 
glands  on  r.  side  ver^  much  swollen,  and  very  painful  when  walking. 
(Hale,  New  Remedies^  2nd  ed.) 

9»  Dr.  Hadley  took,  Jan.  26th,  10  dr.  of  tinct.  In  a  short  time, 
dryness  and  roughness  of  pharynx,  extending  to  nares,  as  from  an 
astringent,  followed  after  a  little  by  increased  secretion  from  parts, 
especially  from  pharynx  ;  dull  pain  at  pit  of  stomach,  and  constriction 
of  diaphragm.  On  28th,  at  10  a.m.,  took  15  dr. ;  same  sensations  in 
fouces,  stomach,  and  diaphragm  ;  dull  pain  in  sternum ;  pain  in  r. 
lung,  continuing  some  time,  less  in  1.,  but  some  soreness  ;  slight  pain 
in  r.  frontal  sinus  ;  increased  flow  of  saliva  in  e.  On  30th,  at  10  a.m., 
20  dr.  In  a  short  time  increased  secretion  of  saliva,  followed  by  slight 
pain  in  r.  lung  and  r.  frontal  sinus.  On  Feb.  4th,  25  dr.  Dryness  of 
fauces  followed  by  increased  secretion  as  before,  and  lung  pain.  In 
afternoon,  dull  pain  in  anterior  lobes  of  brain,  and  in  r.  frontal  sinus  ; 
sensation  of  weight  and  oppression  in  praecordial  region,  with  feeling  of 
unsatisfied  breathing.  At  6  p.m.  oppressed  breathing,  cough,  soreness 
of  r.  lung,  and  sneezing ;  increased  secretion  from  bronchial  tubes  and 

*  A  "  concentrated  preparation/'  made  by  extracting  all  active  elements  of  plants, 
and  recombining  them  in  their  proportions. — Eds. 


5i8 


BAPTISIA, 


fauces,  with   mucous  expectoration.     (AT.  K  State  Ham,  Soc,   7Vtf«i.» 
Hi,  325.) 

10.  Miss  Hadley,  aet.  »o,  took  15  dr.,  which  produced  severe  pain  in  frontil  . 
sinuses,  followed  by  sneezing.  In  afternoon,  tightnes-*  of  chest,  fulness  of  thrott,  1 
difficulty  of  breathing,  and  quite  troublesome  disposition  to  cough  ;  pain  In  ^f%\\o\c  1 
anterior  part  of  head ;  proitration  and  perspiration  on  lea^t  exertion.     In  e.  r 

freer  and  cough  gone;  lungs  feel  easier  and  stronger  than  usual.     rXhe  tastob  1 

and  the  statement  that  "  she  was  cured  by  this  proving  of  a  troublesotme  cougii  of  iotig 
standing/'  lead  us  to  put  this  experiment  in  small  t^'pe. —  Eds.]     ilbid.) 

II.  Drs.  Bailey  and  Palmer  reported  that  they  had  taken  tincture 
in  doses  ranging  from  a  few  drops  to  600,  without  any  decided  effect. 
(/W^.,  p,  316O 

11.  One  of  the  earliest  results  noticed  in  givine  this  drug*  wasa  mo^t  copious  fiowd 
saliva,  followed  by  sore-throat,  with  scraping  and  burning ;  a  raw  sensation  in  pharmx 
followed^  with  a  large  amount  of  viscid  mucus^  and,  much  to  my  surprwc,  well-deve- 
loped ulcers  in  the  mouth  \  constrictive  feeling  in  throat,  causing  frequent  effort*  it 
deglutition*  pricking  sensation  in  upper  pharynx;   dulness  in  head;    vertigo  and 
sensation  of  weakness  in  entire  system,  especially  in  lower  limbs,  with  weak  knee%; 
confused  feeling  in  head  ;  surface  of  body  chilly  ;  hoarseness  to  such  an  extent  a»  to  J 
require  the  utmost  efford  to  be  understood ;  tickling  in  throat,  constantly  provoking  1 
cough ;  thick  raucous  discharge  from  nose ;  swimming  sensation  like  that  cxperiencea  I 
before  operation  of  an  emetic  ;  frequent  eructations;   nausea  ;  distension  of  abdoinni  \  1 
feeling  as  though  it  would  be  a  relief  to  vomit ;  rumbling  in  intestine*  5  tongue  fecb  ' 
as  though  it  had  been  scraped,  and  same  sensation  extends  through  fauces,     (W,  L, 
Thompson,  M.D.,  N.  Am.  Journ.  of  Horn. ^  v,  5+7,) 

13.  a,  A.  E,  Wallace,  M.D. — Sept,  17th,  1870,  at  2  p.m.,  took 
10  dr.  of  i^  dil.  3.^ — Severe  frontal  headache  with  pressure  at  root  of 
nose.  Pain  in  L  shoulder,  extending  down  arm.  Stiffness  and  lame* 
ness  of  cervical  muscles.  Head  feels  very  heavy,  with  pain  in  occipuL  1 
Painful  weariness  of  whole  L  side  of  body.  Soreness  of  scalp.  Sore" 
throat  extending  to  posterior  nares.  Numbness  of  1.  hand  and  forearm, 
with  prickling.     Duration  of  symptoms  about  2  h. 

b.  Nov.  r3th,  4  p.m.,  in  perfect  health,  took  20  dr.  in  3J  of  water  of 
same  preparation,  4.20. — Frontal  headache,  with  feeling  of  fulness  and  J 
tightness  of  whole  head.  Neck  stiff  and  lame.  Severe  pressure  at  root  1 
of  nose.  Head  feels  large  and  heavy.  Heavy  pain  at  base  of  brain. 
Pain  in  1.  shoulder  and  arm  ;  numb  prickling  of  hand  and  arm^  worse 
by  movement  j  sharp  darting  pain  through  fingers.  Tightness  of  chest, 
and  desire  to  take  deep  inspiration.  Throat  sore  and  feels  contracted  \ 
soreness  extends  to  posterior  nares.  Sneezing,  and  feeling  as  though  he 
had  taken  a  severe  cold.  Eyeballs  feel  sore  and  lame  on  moving  them. 
Lameness  of  muscles  of  back  and  chest,  particularly  when  moving  head. 
Pain  in  hips  and  legs,  with  numbness.  Pain  in  neck,  unbearable  cm 
moving  head.  L.  foot  numb  and  prickles.  Feels  weary,  and  is  obliged 
to  lie  down.     6.30,  feels  as  well  a5  usual,  no  symptoms  remaining. 

i\  Dec.  5th,  3  p.m,,  fasting,  took  30  dr.  of  same.  3.20. — Frontal 
headache,  with  pressure  at  root  of  nose.  Head  full  and  feels  heavy. 
Pain  m  base  of  brain,  and  lameness  and  drawing  pain  in  cervical 
muscles.  Drawing  pain  of  shoulders  and. arms,  more  in  1,  Oppression 
of  chest  and  difficult  breathing.  Pain  through  1.  chest.  Wandering 
pains  in  alt  limbs,  with  dizziness.  Feeling  as  though  he  had  takeiy 
cold  i  throat  sore,  and  sneezed  several  times.  Feels  stiff  and  sore  aD| 
•  Maimer  not  stated.— £i>&«  I 


BARIUM.  5 19 

over;  dreads  to  move.  Burning  on  top  of  head,  and  soreness  of  scalp. 
Prickling  of  hands  and  feet,  with  numbness,  worse  on  motion.  Paralysis 
of  whole  1.  side  ;  1.  hand  and  arm  entirely  numb  and  powerless,  foot 
and  leg  prickly,  and  can  niove  but  little.  Burning  and  prickling  of  1. 
side  of  face  and  head.  Pressure  at  stomach  and  belching  of  large  quan- 
tities of  flatus.  6,  symptoms  passing  away ;  feels  drowsy  and  must 
sleep.  8,  feels  well.  9th,  feels  sore  and  stiff  about  shoulders  and  chest. 
The  jar  of  his  buggy  is  painful,  otherwise  he  feels  well ;  has  noticed 
no  other  symptoms. 

Five  or  six  weeks  afterwards  livid  spots  appeared  all  over  body  and 
limbs,  size  of  pea  to  three-cent  piece.  No  sensations.  Never  had  the 
like  before.  Thickest  on  body ;  no  elevation  ;  irrrcgular  in  shape. 
{Afed.  Investigator^  1873,  P*  ^^SO 

III.  Experiments  on  animals. — i.  In  a  cat  poisoned  with  baptisia  Dr. 
Burt  found  small  and  large  intestines  congested  and  filled  with  bloody 
mucus.     (Hale,  op,  cit.y  p.  143.) 

2.  In  dogs.  Dr.  Rutherford  found  baptisin  an  undoubted,  but 
moderate,  hepatic  stimulant ;  it  increases  also  the  peristaltic  movements 
and  the  secretions  from  the  intestine.     {Brit.  Med.  Journ.^  '^^ll^  >•) 


BARIUM. 

Including  Baryta  acktica^  baric  acetate,  Ba  (€.11302)3,1120. ;  B,  carbonica,  baric 
carbonate,  dsl  C03 ;  and  B.  muriatica,  baric  chloricle,  Ba  CI,,  ^Kfi. 

I.  Provings. — i.  Hahnemann,  CAr^«/V  Z)/Wj^j,  Part  II  of  original, 
vol.  of  translation.  Contains  795  symptoms  from  self  and  8  fellow- 
observers,  obtained  from  B.  carbonica  and  acetica,  with  4  from  an 
author  who  used  B.  muriatica  (see  II,  12). 

2.  Vertigo,  objects  appeared  to  turn  round.  Head  so  heavy  he  could  not  remain 
up.  Eyes  l^came  quite  stiff,  he  could  not  move  them.  On  side  of  tip  of  nose  a  broad 
red  pimple,  with  somewhat  smarting,  tickling,  sore  sensation,  with  small  fine  pricks 
when  touched  and  rubbed,  but  the  sensation  does  not  lead  him  to  scratch.  Toothache, 
at  first  fine  shooting,  then  (jerking)  throbbing,  synchronous  with  pulse,  especially  after 
sleeping  and  after  midnight,  which  makes  him  sit  up  in  bed,  but  which  is  neither 
aggravated  nor  ameliorated  either  by  touching,  biting,  or  by  cold  water.  Putrid  taste 
in  mouth,  the  food  also  tastes  putrid.  Stools  covered  with  mucus.  Stools  greenish  and 
chopped.  Internal  heat  at  top  of  chest.  Painless  twitching  in  arm,  especially  at  n. 
Cramps  in  toes.  Smarting  pain  in  skin.  So  heavy  in  body  he  could  not  remain  up, 
like  debility.    (Ibid.,  Archly  iii,  3,  188  et  seq.    From  B.  mur.,  without  explanation.) 

II,  Poisonings. — 1.  a.  A  patient  of  Dr.  Lagarde's  took,  by 
mistake,  a  draught  containing  10  grms.  of  B.  acetica.  When  seen  i  h. 
later  he  was  l)ring  stretched  on  back,  deprived  of  all  voluntary  motion, 
with  pale  face,  haggard  features,  drooping  C)relids,  normal  pupils.  Skin 
was  covered  with  profuse  clammy  sweat,  voice  faint,  and  speech  unin- 
telligible. Pulse  125 — 130,  very  small ;  heart- sounds  muffled  5  respi- 
rations incomplete,  more  frequent  than  normal ,  sounds  scarcely 
distinguishable.  Tongue  was  cold,  slightly  blackened,  but  still  move- 
able. Patient  complained  of  a  nauseating  taste.  Epigastrium  was  not 
sensitive  to  pressure,  nor  were  colics  present ;  there  was,  however, 


520 


BARIUM. 


belching  and  inclination  to  vomit,  also  involuntary  diarrlicca  and 
micturition;  urine  clear  and  profuse*  Friction,  warmth,  and  stimu- 
lants were  unavailing  ;  aiid  patient  died  within  t  2  h.  of  taking  draught, 
in  full  possession  of  senses,  but  with  absolute  paralysis  of  all  voluntary 
muscles. 

b.  Autopsy  showed  congestion  of  brain  and  its  membranes;  cord 
not  examined.  Muscular  tissue  of  heart  was  soft,  and  its  cavities  filled 
with  black  fluid  blood.  Lungs  congested,  and  in  centre  an  apoplectic 
patch  of  size  of  hen's  egg.  Mucous  membrane  of  stomach  showed  here 
and  there  dark  red  patches  and  swollen  veins.     [Mlg.  Mtd,  Chir.  Ziit,^ 

'873O  .      . 

2.  Dr*  Lagarde  tested  solution  himself  (in  what  quantity  is  not 

stated).  After  3  h,  discomfort  and  general  weakness,  with  lightness  of 
head,  set  in.  In  upper  extremities  and  on  scalp  and  skin  of  face,  formi- 
cation was  felt.  He  was  obliged  to  go  to  bed,  and  was  immediately 
attacked  with  nausea,  belchings  of  wind,  and  liquid  diarrhoea.  After 
3  h,  more  weakness  had  perceptibly  increased,  and  1,  arm  could  no 
longer  be  moved,  though  sensation  was  intact  \  temperature  and  transpi- 
ration of  skin  were  normal ;  pulse  about  5  beats  slower  than  usuaU 
He  found  it  impossible  to  pull  the  beU  or  leave  the  bed  ;  and  8  h,  after 
taking  dose  upper  and  lower  extremities  were  almost  paralysed.  To 
previous  symptoms  was  now  added  copious  vomiting,  which  was 
repeated  several  times  during  n.  Paralysis  of  muscles  still  increased, 
and  spread  first  to  abdomen,  then  to  chest  and  neck,  and  last  to 
sphincters  of  bladder  and  rectum*  Coughing,  spitting,  and  even  utter- 
ance of  polysyllables  became  difficult  ;  respirations  were  laboured,  and 
urine  and  f*eces  were  evacuated  involuntarily.  Pulse  fell  to  56  and  for 
a  short  time  became  irregular  ;  temperature  of  skin  now  seemed  lower 
than  usual,  A  hw  red  spots  showed  themselves  in  thorax,  but  disap* 
peared  after  a  few  d.  There  was  constant  thirst,  relieved  by  pieces  of 
ice  in  mouth.  No  pain  was  felt,  but  the  experimenter,  with  full 
consciousness  and  unimpaired  sensation,  experienced  all  the  symptoms 
of  impending  death.     [Ibid.) 

3.  A  young  woman  swallowed  half  a  teacupful  of  the  powdered 
carbonate  stirred  up  with  water.  After  2  h.  she  experienced  dimnesa 
of  sight,  followed  by  double  vision,  ringing  in  ears,  pain  in  head, 
throbbing  in  temples,  sense  of  distension  and  weight  at  epigastrium, 
and  palpitation.  A  little  later  came  pains  in  legs  and  knees,  and 
cramps  in  calves  ;  vomiting  (twice)  ;  hot  dry  skin  ;  flushed  face  ;  full 
hard  pulse,  80,  During  n,  15  motions,  little  or  no  sleep.  Next  d* 
surface  still  hot,  but  perspiring  profusely  ;  slight  pain  about  pharynx  ; 
tongue  moist  but  white  furred.  After  i — 2  d.  cramps  in  limbs  increased, 
with  sense  of  weight  in  them,  and  soreness  to  touch.  Symptoms 
continued  with  but  little  change  for  a  long  time,  especially  pains  in 
head,  1.  side,  and  epigastrium  ;  also  severe  and  long-lasting  palpitations* 
(Wilson,  Lond,  Med.  Gaz.y  xiv,  487.) 

4.  A  family,  consisting  of  parents,  daughter,  and  female  friend, 
partook  of  some  meat*  which  contained  10  per  cent,  of  carbonate,  with 
a  minute  (luantity  of  sulphate ;  a  dog  and  a  canary  bird  also  ate  some. 
Bird  died  in  5  m, ;  immediately  after  dog  was  taken  with  violent 


■ 


BARIUM.  521 

diarrhoea;  and  15  m.  later  the  four  human  beings  became  sick,  one 
woman  being  affected  like  dog.  The  three  women  drank  some  milk, 
vomited  immediately,  and  felt  relieved.  Father  experienced  only 
rumbling  in  bowels;  did  not  take  milk  till  later  (10  p.m.)  ;  this  was 
followed  by  vomiting  with  diarrhoea,  and  at  4  a.m.,  on  attempting  to 
go  to  closet,  he  fell  to  the  ground  with  symptoms  of  collapse.  In  m. 
vomiting  and  diarrhoea  ceased,  but  gave  place  to  paralysis,  extending 
from  below  upward,  so  that  at  10  a.m.  he  could  only  nod  his  head.  At 
2  p.m.  physician  found  face  red,  speech  difficult ;  loss  of  voluntary 
motion  in  limbs,  but  sensation  intact ;  reflex  excitability  increased  ; 
sphincters  normal  ;  respiration  rapid,  with  tracheal  rales  ;  sensorium 
free.     Pulse  and  temperature  normal ;  no  pain,  even  in  stomach.     At 

9  p.m.  he  died.  P,M,  showed  a  most  remarkably  dark  colour  of  grey 
substance  of  brain  ;  stomach  and  intestines  were  normal.  (Reincke, 
Vtert.f,  ger.  Med.^  &c.^  1878,  xxviii,  248.) 

5.  A  healthy  barmaid,  aet.  22,  took  a  teaspoonful  of  bar.  mur.  at 
12.30  p.m.  In  i  h.  became  badly  sick  all  over,  sharp  burning  pains 
in  stomach  and  bowels,  vomiting  and  purging  with  much  straining. 
Got  an  emetic.  Seen  at  2  p.m.,  was  lying  on  back,  face  pale,  anxious, 
eyes  deeply  sunken,  surface  of  body  very  cold,  heart's  action  feeble  and 
irregular,  pulse  hardly  perceptible,  tongue  natural  and  warm,  muscular 
power  of  extremities  almost  gone,  sensation  unimpaired.  All  fluids 
vomited  mixed  with  ropy  mucus.  Pains  in  stomach  and  hypogastrium, 
lightness  of  head,  singing  in  ears,  twitching  of  face,  and  twisting  of  legs 
and  arms.  Was  given  Epsom  salts,  heat  to  extremities,  sinapisms  to 
abdomen,  &c.  At  9  p.m.  vomiting  and  purging  gone,  colour  returned 
to  lips,  warmth  to  surface,  p.  60,  regular,  and  pretty  strong,  still 
complained  of  twitching  and  twisting,  and  of  noise  in  ears.  At  2  a.m. 
found  purging  returned,  all  voluntary  muscular  power  annihilated,  except 
that  she  could  speak  feebly,  and  could  swallow.  Slow  and  laboured 
respiration  with  copious  effusion  into  bronchial  tubes,  loud  loose  rales 
all  over  chest.  Perfectly  sensible,  fell  asleep  for  i  h.,  breathing  all  the 
time  becoming  slower  and  more  laboured,  and  countenance  dusky. 
Awoke  about  3  a.m.,  muttered  something  and  became  convulsed,  con- 
tinued to  be  agitated  by  the  most  frightful  paroxysms  for  2  h.,  when 
she  died.  During  fits  had  several  watery  motions.  (Walsh,  Lancet^ 
1859,  i,  211.) 

6.  A  medical  student,  aet.  19,  took  at  8.30  a.m.  as  he  supposed  3 
teaspoonfuls  of  Epsom  salts,  which  was  afterwards  found  to  be  bar. 
mur.,  after  which  he  vomited  four  times  and  had  four  stools.     Seen  at 

10  a.m.  he  was  very  weak  and  prostrated,  complained  of  pinching  in 
abdomen,  nausea  and  urging  to  stool.  P.  soft  and  regular,  tongue 
clean.  Ordered  5  drops  of  laudanum  and  infusion  of  peppermint  every 
h.  an^  a  cataplasm  to  abdomen.  In  ^  an  h.  the  upper  and  lower  extre- 
mities were  icy  cold,  p.  54,  irregular,  soft,  tongue  clean,  icy  cold,  great 
weakness,  unable  to  move  hands  or  feet,  sensibility  intact,  incomplete 
paralysis  of  1.  eyelid,  speech  weak,  indistinct,  complains  of  violent  cutting 
and  pinching  in  abdomen,  which  came  on  in  fits  every  2  m.^  and  was 
attended  by  loud  groaning;  abdomen  not  sensitive  to  touch.  Had 
vomited  three  times,  stools  ceased.     He  got  a  lemonade  made  with 


5^2 


BARIUM, 


sulphuric  acid  from  ii  a*m*  onwards,  Noalteration  of  stated uringd.i 
the  treatment  pursued  was  poultices  to  abdomen,  sulphuric  acid  inter- 
nally, and  3  clysters  of  castor-oiK  At  5  p.m.  the  extremities  were 
warm,  pulse  rose  to  84.  8  p*m.,  alternate  heat  and  cold  of  limhs, 
quicker  and  slower  pulse,  slight  sweat,  no  more  vomiting  and  purging. 
N.  pretty  quiet,  pains  much  diminished,  no  sleep.  M*  pretty  lively, 
pains  slight,  pulse  80,  warm,  could  move  arms.  No  urine  passed  since 
yesterday  m*,  a  moderate  quantity  of  clear  urine  now  drawn  off  with 
catheter.  He  got  a  clyster  of  Epsom  salts  with  croton  oil.  Chicken 
broth  for  dinner.  Four  stools  occurred.  He  could  move  arms  and 
legs,  the  paralysis  of  eyelid  was  gone,  there  were  no  more  pains  in 
abdomen,  he  slept  well,  and  next  morning  was  quite  well.  (C, 
Wolff,  Casper  $  IVochenschr.^  1850,  p,  59  k) 

7*  A  woman,  set,  42,  took  Jss  by  mistake  for  spasms  of  stomachs 
Nausea,  retching,  distortion  of  facial  muscles,  jerking  in  hands  and  feet. 
Violent  vomitmg  of  slimy  watery  fluid.  Incessant  spasmodic  retching, 
great  inward  anxiety  compelling  her  to  cower  together.  Death  in  the 
midst  of  the  most  violent  convulsions  after  2  h,  (Wach,  Hmkis 
Zeitsch,/*  Staatsarz^neik,^  ^835,  xxx,  1,  21.) 

8.  A  young  woman  swallowed  i  oz,,  and  immediately  felt  burning 
in  stomach,  vomited,  got  headache,  deafness,  convulsions,  and  died  in 
I  h.     {Joum.  c/Sc,  and  Arts  y  1818,  p.  582,  from  Wibmer.) 

9.  In  verj^  small  doses  (^th  to  3  grs.)  causes  feeling  of  warmth  in 
stomach,  rising  to  chest  and  head,  slight  colic,  diarrhoea,  cutaneous  and 
urinary  secretions  increased.  On  leaving  off  for  24  h,  there  genemllv 
occurs  a  febrile  state,  thirst  increased,  anorexia,  tongue  and  moutit 
become  dry,  swallowing  difficult,  p.  quick,  full,  heat  increased,  face  red, 
weakness,  &c.  This  state  lasts  generally  7  d.,  and  during  this  time 
there  sometimes  occurs  catarrh  of  eyes,  ears,  nose,  inflammation  of 
skin,  &c* ;  inflamed  and  suppurating  glands  show  increased  irritation, 
pus  flows  more  abundantly,  their  hardness  and  swelling  diminishes. 
Wounds  become  red,  cicatrize.  Large  doses  cause  anxiety,  vomiting, 
colic,  diarrhoea,  inflammation  and  bleeding  of  bowel,  &c,  (Schwilcur,, 
Mat,  Med,y  i,  409,  from  IhldJ) 

10.  A  small  quantity  dissolved  in  water  and  taken  into  stomach 
causes  sensation  of  agreeable  heat.  In  a  case  of  chronic  inflammation 
of  knee,  10  drops,  twice  a  day,  of  a  solution  of  baryta  in  hydrochloric 
acid  caused  vertigo,  prostration,  quick  pulse,  increase  of  heat,  and  loss  of' 
appetite.  A  common  effect  in  all  his  patients  was  to  increase  the 
urinary  secretion.      (Crawford,  On  Murtattd  Baryta^  '789.) 

11.  In  moderate  doses  B.  m.  has  no  remarkable  action  on  stomach,i 
but  a  too  large  dose  can  cause  nausea,  retching,  violent  vomiting,  anxiety, 
palpitation  of  heart,  vertigo.  In  2  persons  where  there  was  no  vomiting 
there  was  anxiety  that  lasted  several  days.  In  some  it  causes  colic 
(especially  when  worms  are  present),  also  sometimes  several  liquid 
stools,  and  if  its  use  is  continued  persistent  diarrhoea.  It  seems  rxtherj 
to  retard  the  pulse.  It  frequently  causes  increased  urinary  secretion* 
Slight  skin  eruptions  are  often  seen,  (Hitfeland,  Erfahr.  uh,  diJi 
Krafti  Id,  d.  Gehrauch  der  salzsaun  Schwererdey  Erfurt^j  1 792.) 


I 


4 


BARIUM.  523 

12.  For  furious  patients  nausea-producing  medicines  are  recom- 
mended. "  An  excellent  medicine  for  causing  nausea  is  bar.  mur.,  and 
it  seems  to  have  a  special  effect  on  the  mind.  I  saw  scrofulous  children 
whom  I  treated  with  this  remedy  become  anthropophobic,  cowardly, 
forgetful,  lose  their  power  of  attention  when  reading,  and  the  wish  to 
play  J  and  I  have  observed  it  produce  this  depressed  disposition  in  wildly 
excited  maniacs."     (Neumann,  Krankh.  d,  Vorstellungsverm'dgen,) 

13.  A  girl  of  18  got  40  drops  of  a  solution  of  3SS  bar,  mur.  in  5J 
water  ;  this  caused  great  heat  of  bod  v.  In  doses  of  95  drops  she  was  in 
a  dry  heat  all  d.,  pulse  much  excitea,  and  head  much  affected.  (DtRR, 
HufelanSs  ^ourn,^  ix,  3,  184.) 

14.  Kohl  gave  to  a  patient  who  was  suffering  from  a  chronic 
swelling  and  induration  of  r.  testicle,  40  drops  4  times  a  d.  of  a  solution 
of  bar.  mur.  3J  in  aq.  5u«  The  hardness  and  swelling  of  testicle 
gradually  declined,  but  after  several  weeks'  use  of  the  medicine  he  had 
salivation,  very  profuse,  so  that  all  his  teeth  became  loose,  the  salivary 
glands  and  palate  were  swollen,  and  the  patient  smelt  from  his  mouth 
as  if  mercurialized.  There  was  constant  urging  to  urinate,  the  urine 
often  passing  involuntarily,  and  with  great  pain.  This  attack  passed  off 
in  14  d.,  and  on  repeating  the  bar.  mur.  no  similar  symptoms  occurred 
{Ibid,,  vii,  3,  176.) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals, — I.  a,  10  grs.  of  muriate  of  barytes, 
rubbed  very  fine  and  moistened  with  2  drops  of  water,  were  applied  to 
2  wounds  in  thigh  and  side  of  rabbit.  In  4  m.  he  was  evidently  under 
influence  of  poison.  In  shoit  time  he  became  giddy  ;  then  his  hind  legs 
were  paralysed,  and  he  gradually  fell  into  a  state  of  insensibility,  with 
dilated  pupils,  and  lay  in  general  motionless  but  with  occasional  co/ivul- 
sions.  Pulse  beat  150  in  m.,  but  feebly,  and  occasionally  intermitted. 
He  was  apparently  dead  in  20  m.  from  time  of  application  of  poison  ; 
but  on  opening  chest  heart  was  found  still  acting,  and  nearly  3  m. 
elapsed  biefore  its  action  had  entirely  ceased. 

b,  3iss  of  saturated  solution  of  muriate  of  barytes  was  injected  into 
stomach  of  fuU-grown  cat  by  means  of  elastic  gum  tube.  In  a  few  m. 
it  operated  as  an  emetic,  i  he  animal  became  giddy,  afterwards  insen- 
sible, and  lay  with  dilated  pupils,  in  general  motionless,  but  with  occa- 
sional convulsions.  At  end  of  65  m.  from  beginning  of  experiment, 
he  was  apparently  dead,  but  heart  was  still  felt  through  ribs  acting  100 
times  a  m.  A  tube  was  introduced  into  trachea,  and  lungs  were 
inflated  about  36  times  a  m.,  but  pulse  sunk  notwithstanding,  and  at 
end  of  7  m.  circulation  had  entirely  ceased. 

c.  From  these  experiments  I  was  led  to  conclude  that  the  principal 
action  of  muriate  of  bames  is  on  the  brain  ;  but  in  the  first  the  pulse 
was  feeble  and  intermittmg ;  in  the  second,  although  artificial  respiration 
was  made  with  greatest  care,  circulation  could  not  be  maintained  more 
than  a  few  m.  These  circumstances  led  me  to  suspect  that  although 
this  poison  operates  principally  on  the  brain  it  operates  in  some  degree  on 
the  heart  also.  Further  experiments  confirmed  this  suspicion.  In  some 
of  them  the  pulse  soon  became  so  feeble  that  it  could  be  scarcely  felt, 
and  its  intermissions  were  more  frequent  \  but  in  all  cases  the  heart 
continued  to  act  after  respiration  had  ceased  \  and  the«cessation  of  the 


5^4 


BARIUM, 


death.  When  I  employed  artificial  respiration,  after  death  had  app* 
rcntly  taken  place,  I  seldom  was  able  to  prolong  the  heart's  action 
beyond  a  few  m.  In  one  case  only  it  was  maintained  |  h.  I  never  by 
these  means  succeeded  in  restoring  animals  to  life,  although  experiments 
were  made  with  greatest  care  and  in  warm  temperature.  In  some 
instances^  after  artificial  respiration  had  been  kept  up  for  same  time^ 
there  were  signs  of  functions  of  brain  being  in  some  degree  restored  j 
but  pulse,  notwithstanding,  continued  to  diminish  in  strength  and 
frequency  and  ultimately  ceased.  I  shall  detail  one  of  these  experi- 
ments, as  it  serves  to  illustrate  double  action  of  this  poison  on  nervous 
and  vascular  systems.  Some  muriate  of  barytes  was  applied  to  wound 
in  side  of  rabbit.  Usual  symptoms  took  place,  and  at  end  of  an  h. 
animal  was  apparently  dead,  but  heart  still  continued  to  contract.  He 
was  placed  in  temperature  of  So"^,  and  a  tube  being  introduced  into 
nostril,  lungs  were  artificially  inflated  about  36  times  in  a  m.  When 
artificial  respiration  had  been  maintained  for  4  m.  he  appeared  to  be 
recovering  i  he  breathed  voluntarily  lOO  times  in  I  m.  and  showed 
signs  of  sensibility.  Artificial  respiration  was  discontinued.  Voluntary 
respiration  continued  about  9  m.,  when  it  had  ceased,  and  animal  was 
again  apparently  dead  ;  but  pulse  continued  strong  and  frequent* 
Lungs  were  again  artificially  inflated.  At  end  of  4  m.  animal  once 
more  breathed  voluntarily  100  times  in  I  m.,  and  repeatedly  moved  his 
limbs  and  eyelids.  Pulse  became  slower  and  more  feeble,  in  few  m. 
voluntary  respiration  again  ceased  and  artificial  respiration  was  resumed. 
Pulse  had  fallen  to  100,  and  was  feeble.  Animal  again  breathed 
voluntarily,  but  he  ceased  to  do  so  at  end  of  5  m.  Lungs  were  inflated 
as  before,  but  he  did  not  give  any  sign  of  life,  nor  was  pulse  felt  after- 
wards. On  opening  thorax  heart  was  found  to  have  entirely  ceased 
acting.  Probe  having  been  introduced  into  substance  of  spinal  cord  it 
was  found  that  by  means  of  voltaic  battery  powerful  contractions  might 
be  excited,  not  only  of  voluntary  muscles,  but  also  of  heart  and  intes- 
tines J  from  which  it  may  be  inferred  that  muriate  of  barytes,  like 
arsenic,  aft'ects  the  circulation  by  rendering  heart  insensible  to  itsual 
stimulus,  and  not  by  destroying  altogether  power  of  muscular  con- 
traction* 

d.  Muriate  of  barytes  affects  stomach,  but  in  less  degree  than  arsenic. 
It  operates  as  an  emetic  in  animals  that  are  capable  of  vomiting  ;  but 
sooner  when  taken  internally  than  when  applied  to  wound.  In  general, 
but  not  constantly,  there  are  marks  of  inflammation  of  inner  membrane 
of  stomach,  but  not  of  intestine.  In  many  instances  there  is  a  thin  layer 
of  dark-coloured  coagulum  of  blood  lining  whole  inner  surface' of 
stomach  and  adhering  very  closely  to  it,  so  as  to  have  a  good  deal  of 
appearance  of  a  slough  ;  and  this  is  independent  of  vomiting,  as  where 
I  met  with  it  it  occurred  In  rabbits.  The  same  circumstances,  from 
which  it  may  be  inferred  that  arsenic  does  not  produce  its  deleterious 
effects  until  it  has  passed  into  the  circulation,  lead  also  to  that  conclu- 
sion with  regard  to  muriate  of  barytes,  (Brodie^  Php.  Rmarchii^ 
p.  91.) 

2.  The  experiments  of  Brodie  have  since  been  amply  confirmed  by 
functions  of  the  brain   was  therefore  always   the  immediate  cause  of 


BARIUM.  5^5 

Orfila  and  Gmelin.  The  latter  found  voluntary  muscles  destitute  of 
contractility  immediately  after  death  ;  yet  heart  continued  to  contract 
vigorously  for  some  time,  even  without  application  of  any  stimulus. 
From  experiments  made  on  horses  by  Huzard  and  Biron,  by  order  of 
the  Societe  de  Sante  of  Paris,  it  appears  that  the  chloride,  when  given  to 
these  animals  in  the  dose  of  5ij  daily,  produced  sudden  death  about  the 
15th  d.,  without  previous  symptoms  of  any  consequence.  (Christison, 
op.  cit,) 

3.  a.  Barium  is  reckoned  among  the  poisons  which  exert  a  local 
irritating  as  well  as  a  constitutional  action  ;  evidently  only  because 
among  the  symptoms  of  acute  barium  poisoning  vomiting  and  diarrhoea 
are  seldom  wanting.  Since,  however,  the  anatomical  lesions  character- 
istic of  local  irritation  are  usually  absent,  and  since  the  symptoms  as- 
cribed to  it  are  also,  as  it  appears,  observed  after  the  direct  introduction 
of  the  poison  into  the  blood,  we  see  no  ground  for  endorsing  the 
assumption  that  B.  exerts  a  local  irritating  action. 

b.  Concerning  the  real  cause  of  the  poisonousness  of  the  B.  com- 
pounds we  are  absolutely  ignorant.  Judging  from  the  symptoms,  their 
action  must  be  compared  to  that  of  the  narcotic  poisons. 

c.  The  experiments  made  on  animals  prove  that  the  poison  exerts 
an  undoubted  influence  on  the  circulatory  apparatus.  Even  the  older 
toxicologists  called  B.  a  heart- poison,  and  Cyon  has  recently  demon- 
strated this  property  of  it  by  experiments  on  frogs  and  rabbits.  In 
mammals  cessation  of  the  heart's  action  after  it  has  been  observed  by 
many,  and  some  have  even  noted  lack  of  excitability  of  the  paralysed 
heart,  when  irritants  are  applied  to  it.  The  investigations  recently 
undertaken  by  Mickwitz  (inaug,  Diss,^  Dorpat,  1874)  have  defined 
somewhat  more  precisely  the  nature  of  this  cardiac  paralysis.  Although 
it  is  not  possible  to  determine  from  them  whether  it  is  confined 
solely  to  the  cardiac  nerves,  or  affects  also  the  muscle,  still  the  cessation 
of  action  during  systole  has  been  shown  to  be  a  constant  phenomenon 
both  in  warm  and  cold-blooded  animals  y  in  cats  especially,  the  cartila- 
ginous consistence  of  the  1.  ventricle  was  striking, 

d.  In  this  connection  the  parity  of  action  between  B.  and  digitalis 
cannot  be  overlooked.  The  blood-pressure  increases  enormously  after 
the  injection  of  small  quantities  of  barium  solutions  into  the  veins,  but 
the  increase  is,  as  a  rule,  preceded  by  a  not  inconsiderable  lowering. 
The  increase  often  occurs  very  suddenly,  and  the  pressure  not  unfre- 
quently  becomes  3  or  4  times  as  great  as  before  ;  at  the  same  time  the 
pulse  becomes  much  more  rapid.  Increasing  the  dose  then  causes  a 
steep  decline  in  the  pressure  curve  and  paralvsis  of  the  heart.  Division 
of  the  spinal  cord  in  the  neck  does  not  at  all  interfere  with  the  develop- 
ment of  this  phenomenon^  and  hence  it  does  not  appear  improbable 
that  the  muscular  coats  of  the  vessels,  as  well  as  the  heart,  are  affected 
by  the  poison. 

e.  The  above  hypothesis  receives  support  also  from  the  state  of  ex- 
cessive contraction  into  which,  as  my  own  investigations  show,  the 
smooth  muscular  fibres  of  the  intestines  and  bladder  are  thrown  by 
the  poison.  Both  organs  lose  their  lumen  completely  in  cases  of  B. 
poisoning.     This  peculiarity,  which  can  be  recognised  even  during  life 


5z6 


BELLADONNA. 


by  the  exceedingly  active  peristaltic  movements  of  the  intestines  that 
are  visible  through  the  abdominal  walls,  seems  to  afford  also  a  sufficient 
explanation  of  the  diarrhoea  and  vomiting.  It  indicates  a  certain 
preference  of  B,  for  the  tissues  composed  of  non -striated  museulax 
fibres,  or  for  the  nerves  in  them,  which  is  characteristic  of  its  action. 
(BoEHM,  Zicmssms  CycL^  xyii,  376.) 

4.  The  experiments  of  Brunton  and  Cash  show  that,  locally  applied, 
barium  salts  act  like  veratrine  on  muscle,  greatJy  prolonging  the  length 
of  its  contraction  ;  that  they  cause  rapid  contraction  of  the  arterioles, 
and  stop  the  heart  in  systole.    {PhiL  Trans. ^  1884.) 


BELLADONNA. 

A*tropa  BiHaJ6nna^  h,     DeadJy  nightshade,    Nat.  Ord.,  Solamatim. 

L  Pren/ings. — ^i,  Hahnemann,  Fragmenta  di  Viribui^t^c*     Con* 

tains  90  symptoms  from  self  and  304  from  authors. 

2.  Ibid.,  Mat.  Mid.  Pura^  vol.  i  of  original  and  translation.  Con- 
tains Q75  symptoms  from  self  and  13  others,  and  475  from  authors. 

3.  Wasserberg  took  pills  of  extract,  and  experienced  dryness  of 
eyes  (with  burning  in  these  and  in  lids),  and  also  of  nose,  mouth,  and 
pharynx,  with  thirst.  On  increasing  dose  suffered  from  headache,  with 
confused  dulness  of  mind  and  senses  j  reading  by  arrificial  light  was 
difficult,  lines  seeming  to  skip  up  and  down  ;  felt  vinous  taste  in 
mouth  ;  pulse  weaker  and  slower  than  usual ;  occasionally  burning 
about  cardiac  orifice  of  stomach.     (Stoll,  Ratio  Mtdtndi^  iii,  409.) 

4.  Twelve  persons  took  extract  in  doses  of  gr.  ^  to  gr.  i^  once 
daily.  With  certain  exceprions,  consequent  upon  individuality  and 
difference  of  dosage,  the  following  were  constant  effects  : 

a.  Digestive  apparatus. — Feeble  aromatic  taste;  long-lasting  dnr» 
ness  of  lips,  mouth,  and  fauces,  with  desire  for  drink,  only  temporarily 
relieved  by  drinking  j  redness  of  nasal  mucous  membrane ;  pappy 
taste  i  coated  tongue ;  diminished  appetite ;  nausea  and  urging  to 
vomit ;  pressure  and  spasm  at  stomach  \  flatulent  distension  and  flying 
pains  in  abdomen,  becoming  slighter  after  diarrhcric  stools. 

b.  Vascular  system. — At  one  time  quickened,  at  another  retarded 
pulse;  throbbing  of  heart,  carotid  and  temporal  arteries,  with  heat  and 
redness  of  face,  febrile  movements  and  congestion  to  head. 

f.  Nervous  system. — Impeded  activity  of  tongue,  speaking  and 
swallowing  difficult ;  clouding  of  senses  and  hallucinadons  j  humming 
or  singing  in  ears  ;  sensitiveness  of  eyes  ;  impaired  or  double  \4sion  ^ 
oppression  and  empty  feeling  of  head ;  pressive  frontal  and  generaJ 
headaches  5  giddiness,  reeling  as  from  slight  inebriation  5  general  feeling 
of  illness  J  no  desire  for  anything;  lassitude,  in  one  case  almost  pant* 
lysis ;  varying  sense  of  temperature ;  restless  sleep,  sleeplessness^ 
torpor,  vivid  dreams. 

d.  Secretions. — Transpiration  more  or  less  increased,  even  to  sweat ; 
urine  at  rimes  darker,  increased,  then  afterwards  diminished. 


4 
4 


4 
I 


BELLADONNA.  527 

e.  Isolated  phenomena  were : — Strong  erections  ;  a  papular  erup- 
tion and  a  boil  on  face ;  itching  and  moisture  of  perinaeum ;  short- 
lasting  exaltation  of  general  sensibility  with  marked  cheerfulness  and 
sense  of  comfort ;  slight  epistaxis.  The  nervous  symptoms  commonly 
appeared  after  3  or  4  doses,  the  gastric  and  congestive  after  larger 
quantities  or  more  prolonged  use.  {Wien,  Zeitschr.  d,  k,  k,  Ges.^ 
Jahrg.  i,  Bd.  2.) 

5.  ScHNELLER,  onc  of  the  above,  gives  following  details  of  his 
experiments : 

a.  Took  alcoholic  extract  of  whole  plant  in  increasing  doses  ;  grs. 
9t  in  12  d.  In  3  h.  after  gr.  i,  pappy  taste,  with  white  furred  tongue, 
and  feeling  of  emptiness  in  stomach.  From  gr.  f  to  i,  besides  fore- 
going, dryness  of  mouth  and  larynx,  hoarseness,  collection  of  white 
tough  viscid  mucus  in  mouth,  with  frequent  spitting ;  tongue  adhered 
to  ^ate  ;  appetite  diminished.  These  symptoms  developed  themselves 
in  the  course  of  an  h.,  and  gradually  went  off  during  d. ;  hoarseness 
was  still  present  in  e.  After  grs.  1 J  and  li^  sensation  of  dryness 
extended  to  nasal  cavity,  with  headache.  The  gastric  symptoms 
increased  to  violent  pressure  in  stomach,  inclination  to  vomit,'  swelling 
of  abdomen,  formation  of  flatulence,  and  pinching  in  umbilical  region. 
On  skin  of  face  a  slight  pimply  exanthema  broke  out,  which  suppurated 
slowly  and  dried  up  in  a  few  d.  Two  final  doses  of  grs.  if  and  grs.  i^ 
produced  all  the  above  symptoms,  but  in  still  greater  degree.  The 
dryness  of  mouth  was  excessive,  so  much  so  that  he  could  hardly  speak  ; 
he  desired  drinks  without  actual  thirst.  The  &uces  were  redder  than 
natural,  and  burning ;  in  face  such  an  increase  of  heat  that  it  actually 
glowed,  and  became  brownish  red  and  turgid.  In  e.  always  severe 
pinchings  in  abdomen,  followed  by  soft  motion ;  sleep  restless.  These 
symptoms  continued  in  a  lesser  degree  two  d.  after  last  dose. 

b.  Took  inspissated  juice  of  leaves,  beginning  with  gr.  ^,  and  in- 
creasing by  same  quantity  daily  up  to  grs.  i|-.  The  first  six  doses  pro- 
duced exactly  the  same  symptoms  as  the  same  doses  of  the  former  pre- 
paration.    After  gr.  |-  to  if  head  became  confused,  vision  obscured, 

"nose  dry,  sneezing  occurred,  and  mucus  mixed  with  blood  was  blown 
from  nose ;  besides  this,  great  pressure  in  stomach,  in  cardiac  region, 
and  pain  in  the  lower  part  of  larynx  with  hiccough,  especially  after 
eating.  After  grs.  i-^  head  symptoms  increased,  pain  in  forehead  and 
discomfort  in  great  degree ;  conjunctiva  and  edges  of  lids  injected , 
weakness  of  vision  increased,  without  any  dilatation  of  pupil.  Remark- 
able weakness  and  relaxation  of  genitals  ;  frequent  call  to  pass  water, 
which  came  onlv  after  great  effort  and  guttatim ;  urine  normal.  After 
grs.  if  and  if,  besides  the  above,  dilatation  of  pupils,  weariness  of  lids, 
ringing  in  ears,  and  uncommon  sleepiness  and  dulness  of  intellect.  In 
3  d.  all  had  returned  to  the  normal  state. 

c.  A  single  dose  of  grs.  4f  was  now  taken  at  7.15  p.m.  In  less 
than  f  h.  dryness  and  burning  of  fauces  came  on  with  hoarseness  ;  soon 
afterwards  frontal  headache,  vertigo,  and  dryness  of  tongue.  At  8.30 
his  sight  foiled  him  ;  letters  swam  whilst  reading,  and  vertigo  increased 
on  any  movement  of  body.  About  9  there  was  dryness  of  nasal  cavity 
and  some  frontal  headache  ;  pupils  somewhat  dilated  ;  taste  pappy ;  bad 


528 


BELLADONNA. 


smell  from  mouth  j  pinching  in  umbilical  region  ;  &uces  reddened • 

swallowing  difHcult ;  pulse  rapid*  At  9.30  former  weaJcness  of  gcnitaJi 
observed  j  micturition  caused  no  pain»  but  although  there  was  greut 
desire,  urine  flowed  with  much  difficulty,  and  only  after  strong  effort. 
At  9.4.5  frequent  dry  sneezing,  with  ticlcting,  especially  in  nostril,  and 
frequent  burning  at  back  of  palate.  The  n.  was  restless  j  burning  in 
head,  palate,  and  fauces  considerable  j  feet  ice  cold,  and  scarcely  to  be 
warmed  ;  urinary  secretion  much  increased  and  more  easily  pcisscd, 
bright  yellow  in  colour,  and  presenting  nothing  unusual.  The  follow- 
ing m.  head  still  confused  ^  lumps  of  tough  mucus  hawked  up  and 
blown  from  the  nose,  with  great  diminution  of  dryness  ;  appetite 
diminished  ;  tongue  furred  white.  For  a  week  afterwards  he  had  sore- 
throat,  difficulty  of  swallowing  in  a  great  degree,  with  considerable 
reddening  of  mucous  membrane  of  mouth  and  fauces,  and  slightly  swollen 
tonsils  ;  there  appeared  on  face,  especially  on  cheek,  along  with  increased 
heat,  red  irregular  patches  of  the  size  of  a  crown  piece,  which  dis- 
appeared and  again  returned.  All  these  symptoms  declined  gradually, 
and  at  the  end  of  a  fortnight  nothing  abnormal  was  present  {Ihid,^  Jabrg. 
ii,  Bd.  2.) 

6.  Flechner.  This  prover,  with  two  others,  began  with  2  drs.  of 
tinct,  and  increased  irregularly  to  130  drs. 

a,  A  dose  of  2  to  30  drs»,  especially  the  latter,  caused  slight  dryness 
of  mouth  and  nose,  insipid  taste,  yellowish  fur  on  tongue,  diminished 
appetite,  dulness  in  frontal  region,  roaring  in  ears,  weakness  of  vision, 
with  normal  rather  contracted  pupils  ;  in  one  person  also  pain  in  back, 
in  another  stitches  in  region  of  shoulder,  and  in  1.  side  in  region  of  ^se 
ribs. 

h.  From  35  to  60  drs.  the  above-mentioned  symptoms  in  mouth 
and  fauces  increased  to  a  distressing  degree.  There  was  burning  in 
hard  palate  and  throat  with  great  redness  of  these  parts,  voice  became 
hoarse,  intestines  distended  with  gas  and  painful.  Head  became  dulli 
there  was  vertigo,  sleepiness,  and  frequent  yawning  ;  restless  sleep.  In 
two  provers  there  were  also  transient  stitches  in  region  of  heart,  and 
tearing  pain  in  head,  region  of  shoulders,  and  feet.  These  symptoms 
continued,  in  a  less  degree,  even  on  the  following  day  when  nothing 
was  taken. 

c.  After  doses  of  65  to  130  drs.  the  above-mentioned  symptoms 
increased,  with  the  exception  of  the  flying  pains.  Eyes  became  especi* 
ally  affected,  there  was  foggy  vision  with  vertigo,  eyes  seemed  covered 
with  a  veil,  reading  very  difficult,  conjunctiva  injected.  Pupils  in  one 
case  (from  no  drs.)  dilated.  LastJy,  it  was  noticed  that  the  urinary 
organs  became  affected,  so  that  micturition  was  accompanied  with  great 
straining  and  difficulty. 

d.  On  same  d.  in  which  one  prover  took  no  drs,  he  made 
experiment  with  a  local  application  to  conjunctiva,  A  few  drops  were 
rubbed  into  r.  upper  lid,  and  some  trickled  into  inner  canthus.  About 
15  m,  afterwards  there  was  some  dilatation  of  pupil,  which  increased  so 
that  after  2  h,  there  was  scarcely  a  line  of  iris  to  be  seen.  Margins  of 
the  lids  became  red,  conjunctiva  slightly  injected  j  even  pupil  of  other 
eye  was  somewhat  dilated*     Iris  of  r.  eye  was  sluggish  in  action,  vision 


I 


""I 

an 


BELLADONNA.  529 

very  weak,  and  eyes  seemed  veiled.  On  next  d.,  r.  pupil  was  still 
considerably  dilated  and  vision  very  much  restricted,  especially  in  open 
air.  At  same  time  eye  was  drawn  somewhat  upward  and  outward. 
On  3rd  d.,  vision  was  only  somewhat  weak  ',  pupil  remained  dilated  for 
second  d.   {Ibid.^  Jahrg.  iii.) 

7.  Waltl  took  gr.  iv  of  dried  root.  An  h.  after  taking  this, 
staggered  in  his  walk,  as  if  drunk ;  experienced  giddiness,  headache, 
drowsiness  j  face  was  remarkably  red,  sight  (as  of  letters)  multiple,  not 
clear,  and  irregular,  pupils  much  dilated  y  remarkable  and  excessive 
dryness  of  throat  in  spite  of  drinking  water  and  chewing  gum.  Slept 
4  h.  and  woke  quite  well. 

From  vapour  of  decoction  of  root  twice  experienced  at  unusual 
hours  great  des^-e  to  sleep.  (Buchner,  Repert.  f,  d.  Pharm.j  xxvii, 
p.  71.) 

8.  PuRKiNjE  took  20  drs.  of  concentrated  aqueous  infusion  of 
extract.  In  ^  h.  dryness  of  mouth,  throaty  nostrils,  and  eyes  ;  also  of 
palms  of  hands.  In  cardiac  region,  peculiar  sense  of  anxiety,  as  when 
the  pulse  intermits.  Urine  and  alvine  evacuation  more  scanty  ;  animal 
food  excited  sourish  taste  with  subsequent  scratching  in  throat ;  saliva 
diminished.     {Neue  BresL  SammL^  1829,  P*  4370 

9.  ScHEiDTWEiLER  took  a  morsel .  of  extract.  After  45  m.  his 
hands  swelled  up  and  became  so  dry  that  he  could  no  longer  lay  hold 
of  things  without  letting  them  fall,  and  forthwith  there  came  an 
abundant  foam  into  the  throat,  and  a  headache  lasting  2  d.  There  was 
unwonted  heat  of  hcc ;  the  eyes  were  much  swollen  and  very  tearful. 
(Buchner's  Repertorium^  viii,  399.) 

10.  ScHLOssER.  A  minute  dose  of  a  solution  of  extract  excited — 
pressive  pain  on  1.  supra-orbital  arch  \  immediate  annoying  weakness  of 
sight  in  r.  eye  while  writing  so  that  letters  seem  to  swim,  and  a  trouble- 
some feeling  as  if  r.  evelid  were  paralysed  ;  r.  pupil  shows  a  very  large 
circular  dilatation  ;  distant  objects  seem  to  the  affected  eye  clearer 
than  those  close  by  j  in  writing  he  is  obliged  to  close  the  affected  eye 
to  see  the  letters ;  while  walking  in  the  open  air  and  in  bright  light 
vision  was  weaker,  better  in  darkness  and  twilight ;  the  contours  of 
moving;  bodies  wanted  clearness,  and  print  seemed  to  affected  eye  smaller 
and  paler ;  speedy  dimming  of  the  eye  occurred  when  reading  ;  frequent 
feeling  as  if  the  eye  swam  in  tears  and  of  increased  heat.  Coffee  gave 
relief.     {^Hg.  horn,  Zeit.^  Ivi,  147.) 

11.  a.  Frank  took  increasing  doses  of  i  x  from  June  2nd  to  4th,  1 841 . 
After  50  drs.  at  8.45  on  latter  d.,  had  in  5  m.  oppression  of  head  as  in 
commencing  intoxication.  At  9  cloudiness  had  increased.  He  felt 
determination  of  blood  to  the  head,  throbbing  of  the  vessels,  and  sense 
of  the  heart-beats  within  the  skull  [therewith  also  profuse  secretion  of 
watery  nasal  mucus,"^  and  copious  lachrymation] ;  conjunctiva  was 
injected,  and  pupils  (especially  r.)  so  dilated  as  to  call  attention  from 
others.  Confusion  in  head  was  increased  by  moving  the  head,  still 
more  when  walking.  At  10  pupils  were  much  smaller,  r.  less  than  1. ; 
at  same  time  he  had  very  transient  fine  shooting  pains  in  both  eyes  while 
walking  in  open  air,  with  feeling  of  heat  coming  against  them ;  to 

*  He  had  a  chronic  nasal  catarrh,  so  brackets  all  symptoms  of  the  kind. 

34 


530 


BELLADONNA, 


which   in    afternoon  there   was    added  sleepiness.     In  e.  he  took  40 
drs,|  and  next  m.  50,  without  effect.     On  5th,  at  6  a.m.,  took  60  dn* 
Immediately  cloudiness  in   head,  and  thereupon   heaviness   of  eyelidsj 
with   feeling;  as   if  between  them  and   balls  lay  a  sticky  mass,  which 
hindered  their  natural  movements  ;  sleepiness  ;  pupils  again  dilated^  r. 
more  than  1.     [The  nose  again  humid,  with  much  tendency  to  snecxing.] 
After   15    m.   increase    of  cloudiness   to    actual    vertigo,    greater    on 
movement^  with  unwonted  firmness  in  legs,  especially  in  calves,  and  a 
sort  of  formication.     At  7.30  feeling  as  if  cramp  in  calves  would  come 
on,  several   times   recurring  ;  sometimes  shooting  tearing  through  1. 
knee,  and  creeping  in  1.  foot-sole,  with  still  stronger  tearing  sensation 
in  the  1.  thenar  eminence  on  upper  third  of  metacarpal  bone  of  little 
finger.     At  8  a.m.  drank  some  coffee,  and  thereupon  followed  tearing, 
in  I,  calf  and  along  outer  side  of  ulna  (in  the  muscles)  to  the  wrist. 
The  affection  of  head  and  eyes  had  gone  off  since  the  coffee.     At  10 
the    vertigo    on     movement    recurred,   and    therewith    heaviness    in 
eyelids  and  weariness,  soon  going  off*.     The  drawing  in  K  calf  several 
times    recurred.      Then    came    on,  after    a    transient  anginose  pain, 
frequent   cough    with    expectoration    of  scanty  white    thick    phlegm, 
and  thereafter  an  irritable  roughness  and  dryness  in  windpipe  {catarrkut 
laryngim).     Tearing  in  arms,  hand,  and    foot  continued.      Pains  in 
eyes,  and  also   a  hot  pricking  in   r.  eye,  were  still  felt.     Twice  an 
indefinable  slight  pain  suddenly  shot  through  two  middle  upper  incisors. 
In  n,  he  several  times  felt,  on  a  small  spot  on  outer  side  of  1,  thigh, 
between  knee  and  trochanter,  a  slight  rheumatic  drawing.     6th. — At 
10  a.m.  each  rheumatic  drawing  ends  in  a  burning  throbbing ;  on  close 
inspection   he   found,  on  a  small  spot  on  thigh,  a  slight  erysipelatous 
redness,  which,  however,  soon  passed  away.     Burning  throbbing  on 
inner    side  of  L  forearm   near  olecranon,  and  on   posterior    ridge  of 
radius,  increased  by  touch  and  slight  pressure.     These  sensations  often 
returned  during  d.  on  the  same  and  on  other  parts,  such  as  just  above 
1.  heel,  over  1.  instep,  and  on  a  small  spot  on  outside  of  r.  thigh  j  and 
in  e.  at  6  there  was  added  a  similar  burning  drawing  pain  at   base  of 
scapula,  near  angle.     These  spots  seemed  to  be  hotter  and  to  be  worse 
on  pressure.     (The  B.  seemed  especially  to  affect  the  flexor  surfaces 
and  the  fibrous  membranes,  and  to  touch  I.  more  than  r.  side  of  body.) 
7th. — No  med,  since  5th,  all  the  symptoms  disappeared,  but  at  l  p.m., 
walking  fast,  the  above-described  pain  in  1.  thigh,  I,  tibia,  1.  vola  manus, 
r,  upper  arm,  back  of  little  finger,  always  in  parts  where  there  are  no 
muscles,     8th. — At  10  a.m.  took  60  drs.  on  an  empty  stomach,  and 
in  the  e*  before  going  to  bed  3  drs.  of  a  50  per  cent,   attenuation  of 
mother  tinct.  in   water.     No  result.     June  9th,  8.30  a.m.^    2  drs.  of 
tinct. ;  at    noon   same  dose,  and    in    afternoon  3    drs.     Drawing   in 
abdomen  as  from  flatulence,  rumbling  and  escape  of  wind,  feeling  as 
of  urgency  to  stool  \  perceptible  pulsation  through  whole  body  \  glistening 
eyes,  as  if  swimming  in  tears  j  conjunctiva  bulbi  shot  with  many  red 
vessels  j  heaviness    of   Hds,   especially   of   r,   eye  ;  at    7   p.m.    gripia 
transversely  through  abdomen  just  under  navel,  after  which  discharge 
flatus   with    rumbling.     Drawing  on   1.   tibia  near  knee  j  drawing  in 
hypogastric  region  over  horizontal  ramus  of  os  pubis  on  r.  side, 


BELLADONNA.  531 

sioned  by  flatus,  which  soon  afterwards  discharged.     Stool  was  markedly 
harder  and  scantier  than  is  natural.     The  proving  was  here  interrupted. 

b.  Aug.  igth,  took,  at  4  p.m.,  3  drs.  of  0  j  20th,  4  drs.  in  the  m., 
5  in  the  e.  ;  2ist,  5  drs. ;  22nd,  7  drs.  ;  26th,  10  drs. ;  27th,  12  drs.  ; 
31st,  18  drs.  Very  trifling  results — eructations,  gripings,  oppression  in 
head  and  feeling  of  heat  in  stomach  ensued.  (Frank  remarks  that  60 
drs.  of  first  dil.  aflfected  him  more  than  18  drs.  of  mother  tincture.) 

c.  Proved  a  solution  of  535  of  extract  in  5J  of  water.  May  i6th, 
1845. — Took  half  a  teaspoonful.  Occasional  eructations.  17th,' 8 
a.m.,  half  a  teaspoonful,  fasting.  Enlarged  pupils,  quivering  of  left 
upper  eyelids,  dryness  of  throat  and  lips,  without  notable  thirst; 
drawing  and  shooting  in  1.  side  of  chest.  In  afternoon  took  a  tea- 
spoonful. After  5  m.  quivering  in  1.  upper  eyelid,  often  returning  ;  a 
transient  stitch  in  1.  chest ;  eructations ;  dryness  of  throat  and  lips, 
spreading  through  whole  mouth.  i8th. — Last  n.  woke  at  i  a.m.  with 
distension  and  griping  in  abdomen  with  troublesome  nausea ;  emission 
of  much  flatulence  brought  relief.  In  m.  tongue  was  coated  white, 
appetite  very  poor.  Quivering  in  1.  upper  eyelid,  eructation,  slight 
nausea.  At  2  p.m.  he  sat  down  to  his  meal  without  appetite,  but  this 
improved  as  he  went  on,  and  after  eating  tongue  cleaned.  11  p.m., 
quivering  a«nd  transient  slight  burning  in  the  outer  canthus  of  1.  eye. 
19th,  m.,  in  outer  corner  of  1.  eye  he  finds  several  red  vessels  on 
sclerotica  ;  quivering ;  enlarged  pupils  had  become  normal.  At  i  p.m. 
a  teaspoonful.  Emission  of  much  flatus ;  dryness  of  mouth  and 
fauces  y  congestion  in  head,  sensible  pulsation  therein  and  some  giddi- 
ness. The  dryness  in  the  fauces  increased  to  a  scraping  feeling,  and 
caused  such  dysphagia  that  only  with  difficulty  and  by  almost  constant 
taking  of  fluids  could  he  swallow  solid  food.  Immediately  after  a 
meal  violent  chill,  with  chattering  of  teeth ;  limbs  trembled  while 
lying  as  in  the  cold  stage  of  an  intermittent.  He  soon  fell  asleep,  and 
on  waking  was  very  hot,  had  wide  pupils  ;  glistening,  protruding  eyes, 
as  if  swimming  in  tears  ;  and  redness  of  fece.  At  9  p.m.  no  appetite, 
and  tongue  very  white-coated ;  feeling  of  fulness  in  abdomen,  together 
with  slight  griping  and  rumbling  and  desire  to  emit  flatus,  which, 
however,  would  not  pass.  20th. — Stool  since  taking  the  drug  obviously 
retarded.  While  eating  white  bread  and  milk  pain  under  hard  palate, 
in  middle,  which  went  up  into  nostrils.  Pupils  still  dilated.  21  st,  9.30 
a.m.,  a  teaspoonful.  Tasteless  eructations  ;  flatulence  and  urging  to 
stool,  but  with  slight  result.  At  10  a.m.  dryness  in  mouth  and  throat, 
dysphagia,  water  will  hardly  go  down  ;  frequent  hawking  of  phlegm  ; 
feeling  in  eyes  as  if  they  protruded  from  their  sockets  ;  heaviness  of 
lids  y  sight  somewhat  clouded,  slight  giddiness  with  determination  of 
blood  to  head  and  tinnitus  aurium.  9  p.m.,  after  a  meal,  a  teaspoonful. 
In  bed  while  reading  as  usual  the  letters  run  together,  so  that  he  cannot 

;o  on.     Sleep  was  sound.     May  22nd,  4.45  a.m.,  dryness  in  mouth  ; 

e  can  with  difficulty  detach  some  tenacious  slime  from  the  fauces  by 
hawking.  Copious  urination.  This  m.  unusual  drowsiness  y  the  letters 
nm  together  while  reading.  He  sees  without  glasses,  the  letters  larger, 
and  also  more  keenly  with  1.  eye  than  with  r.,  which  normally  does 
not   obtain       28th.  8   a.m.,   a   teaspoonful,   fasting.     Return   of  all 


I 


53^ 


BELLADONNA. 


symptoms.  At  noon  slight  humming  in  ears,  flickering  before  cyei^ 
recurrence  of  twitching  of  L  upper  eyelid  ;  feeling  of  fulness  in  abdomen* 
No  appetite  or  taste  ;  swallowing  difficult.  29th. — Very  frecjucDt 
urging  to  micturate,  though  he  could  only  pass  a  few  drops  at  a  time. 
Closing  of  L  eye.     {Uid.^  xxxii,  p,  298.) 

12.  H,  B — ,  a  girl  ^t*  23,  healthy^  took,  on  4th  June,  at  5  p.m., 
50  dr.  of  1st  dil.  (i  in  50).  In  J  h.  she  was  diz7.y — as  though  she  had 
taken  a  drop  too  much,  and  as  if  there  were  a  board  before  her  forehead  ; 
face  red  ;  eyes  sparkling  and  as  if  swimming  in  tears,  pupils  dilated,  L 
more  than  r.  Flickering  before  1.  eye,  making  her  wipe  it  often. 
These  symptoms  lasted  in  their  full  intensity  4  h.j  then  diminished  and 
were  gone  by  7  p.m.  But  the  headache,  which  was  a^ravated  by 
stooping,  recurred  on  moving  and  stooping  for  a  long  time  afterwards^ 
occasionally  indeed  till  11  p.m.,  though  it  had  at  first  passed  oJfF  sooner 
than  the  eye  affection  ;  and  the  flickering  lasted  off  and  on  till  1  r  p,m. 
— 5th.  Complained  all  day  of  slight  headache  (as  though  a  board  lay  on 
forehead),  which,  though  it  may  go  off,  can  always  be  brought  back  by 
movement;  dryness  of  throat  seated  apparently  in  the  laiynx.  Had  to 
swallow  frequently,  speaks  rather  hoarsely,  and  coughs  occasionally* 
Till  10  p,m.  had  frequent,  dry  cough  ;  scraping  in  larynx  excites  the 
cough  ;  when  she  swallows  she  feels  a  pain  there  which  extends  into  L 
ear. — 6th,  At  noon  violent  scraping  along  anterior  wall  of  larynx, 
causing  dry  short  cough,  and  hoarse  voice.  At  4  p*m.  i»  quite  hoarse; 
she  complains  much  of  creeping  pains  which  extend  to  pit  of  throat  and  1» 
ear,  also  dryness.  (Got  a  grain  of  hep.  sulph.) — 7th.  Last  n.  and  to- 
day  coughed  a  great  deal.  The  pain  (rawness,  scrapines^)  extends  tor, 
side  of  larynx,  is  aggravated  by  swallowing  and  coughing.  Nasty  taste, 
tongue  white  furred,  appetite  unaffected^  complains  of  cramp  of  legs. 
Decided  redness  of  tonsils  and  neighbouring  parts,  as  also  of  tip  of 
uvula ;  but  no  pain. — 8th.  On  rising  weak  and  weary,  she  could  not 
make  her  bed.  The  scraping  feeling  gone,  but  the  dry  cough  frequently 
recurred  though  less  severely  than  yesterday.  Now  she  complains  of 
severe   pain   on    pressure    behind   angle    of  r.    lower  jaw.      (Fra^*K| 

13.  Dr.  L.  B,  Wells,— J.  Miss  F,  B — ,  act.  22,  at  6  and  8  p,  m- 

took  8  drs,  of  4th  cent.  dtl.  No  symptoms.  At  9.30  p.m.  took  lodrs. 
In  20  m,,  distress  as  i(  from  indigestion.  Next  d.,  took  25  drs.  at 
12,15  p.m.  At  I  p.m.,  distress  in  stomach.  At  3  p.m.,  hcAvv\  dull, 
bearing'down  pain  in  abdomen  and  pelvis  ;  symptom  was  repeated  several 
times,  and  was  very  similar  to  what  patient  suffered  at  every  period. 
6,  Miss  C,  E,  C — ,  ^t.  1 9,  of  nervo-bilious  temperament,  Feb. 
24th,  1870,  at  4  p.m.,  took  8  drs.  of  4th  dil,  4-30,  sharp  pain  shoot- 
ing from  wrist  along  course  of  ulna  down  to  elbow-joint  5  dull  aching 
in  muscles  of  forearm  ;  dull,  uneasy  sensation  all  over  head.  6.jo^ 
feeling  of  nausea,  headache  increasing.  8.15,  pressing  pain  in  upper 
part  of  orbits  j  slight  swelling  of  lower  eyelids.  10.30,  took  8  drs*  j 
10  m.  after,  a  sharp,  slight  pain  in  loin,  just  above  ischium;  slight 
nausea*  ifth,  9.15  a.m.,  took  10  drs.  Pain  in  stomach,  with  slight 
nausea,  II,  small,  loose  stool,  with  sharp,  stitching  pain  above 
umbilicus.      13.15,   took  8  drs.     In  less  than  an    h,  pain  at  sternal 


BELLADONNA.  533 

extremity  of  fifth  rib.  4.15,  darting  pain  under  1.  parietal  bone.  5.20, 
drawing  pain  in  arm,  near  insertion  of  deltoid  muscle,  relieved  by 
pressure.  Parietal  pain  extends  to  temples.  6.10,  took  15  drs.,  and 
in  40  m.  had  drawing  pain  in  hollow  of  r.  foot.  Headache  involved  r* 
temple.  7,  cutting  pain  in  r.  loin,  and  in  lower  extremity  of  sternum. 
Slight,  cutting  pain  behind  ears.  9.30,  sensation  as  it  hair  on  top  of 
head  were  being  pulled.  Slight  earache.  10,  nausea,  with  sensation 
of  fulness  in  throat ;  gradually  changes  to  burning.  26th,  7  a.m., 
took  10  drs.,  and  at  11  there  was  darting  pain  in  and  near  the  orbit  of 
1.  eye  and  near  vertebral  extremity  of  eighth  rib.  Sharp  pain  at  base  of 
first  metatarsal  bone  of  r.  foot.  1 1 .30,  sharp  pain  over  stomach,  and 
between  last  cervical  and  first  dorsal  vertebrae.  12,  dizziness,  i., 
sharp  pain  in  splenic  region.  4,  sharp,  cramping  pain  just  below 
extremity  of  sternum,  gradually  extending  to  pit  of  stomach,  up  the 
sternum,  and  over  cardiac  region.  9,  cramp,  eextndin^from  tonsil 
to  top  of  pharynx.  Cramps  at  base  of  tongue.  27th,  11.30,  sharp 
pricking  pain  in  abdomen.  3,  stitches  in  chest  and  just  below  r. 
axilla  ;  slight  headache  in  temple.  28tb. — Slight  lateral  headache. 
Mar.  1st,  5.45  p.m.,  took  8  drs. ;  in  a  few  m.  felt  slight  warmth  along 
back  of  r.  forearm,  as  of  approaching  numbness,  and  slight  paralytic 
feeling  along  anterior  tibial  nerves.  2nd,  11.30  a.m.,  took  8  drs.; 
no  symptoms.  3rd,  7  a.m.,  took  12  drs.  ;  sharp,  cutting  pain  in  side 
of  head,  from  frontal  to  occipital  region,  becoming  general,  and  at  last 
settling  in  1.  parietal  bone  ;  drawing,  cutting  pain  behind  r.  shoulder- 
blade.  4th. — Headache  all  day.  5th. — Sharp,  tearing  pain  under  and 
in  r.  armpit.  These  peculiar  cutting  pains  commencing  in  wrist  and 
extending  (shooting)  up  to  elbow^  and  sometimes  above  that  point, 
continued  several  weeks,  and  always  from  extremity  to  centre.  The 
prover  had  never  experienced  these  pains  before  the  experiment.  ( Trans, 
ofN.  T.  State  Horn.  Med.  Soc.^  x,  129.) 

14.  H.  M.  Gray. — a.  I  had  taken  an  unwarrantably  large  dose  of 
the  extract,  to  quiet  the  pain  of  a  severe  neuralgic  faceache  ;  not  find- 
ing any  relief,  I  repeated  it  in  the  course  of  10  or  15  m.,  swallowing  in 
all  some  8  or  10  grains.  About  an  h.  after  the  last  dose  had  been  taken, 
the  medicine  began  to  induce  its  specific  effects  in  the  following  order  : 
First,  vertigo,  increasing  to  such  an  extent  as  to  render  it  impossible  to 
walk  without  staggering.  The  dizziness,  which  was  at  first  transient, 
soon  became  continued  and  very  severe.  Now  came  on  the  affection 
of  the  eyesight,  every  object  growing  dim,  a^  though  a  cloud  were 
between  the  eye  and  it.  Sometimes  objects  appeared  double,  and  with 
an  undulating  motion  passed  before  the  eye.  I  observed  that  by  a  strong 
effort  of  will,  a  concentration  of  the  nervous  power,  this  paralysis  of  the 
retina  might  for  a  moment  be  combated,  but  only  to  return  with  greater 
severity  when  the  mental  effort  had  been  succeeded  by  its  correspond- 
ing relaxation.  The  pupils  were  immoveably  dilated;  the  eyes 
prominent,  diy,  and  exceedingly  brilliant.  The  conjunctival  vessels 
were  fully  injected.  There  was  total  absence  of  lachrymation,  and 
motion  was  attended  with  a  sense  of  dryness  and  stiffness.  The  face 
was  red  and  turgid,  and  the  temperature  and  colour  of  the  surface  con- 
siderably augmented.     Pulse  full,  from  120  to  130.     The  feeling  in  the 


534 


BELLADONNA. 


head  vns  that  of  ^^iokm  coogtsaaa^  z  fiill,  tense,  throbbing  state  of  the 
cerebral  blood-vcssds,  idctidcallf  die  same  sensation  as  would  be 
produced  hj  a  ligature  thrown  round  the  neck,  and  impeding  the  return 
of  the  rcnous  circulation.  The  peculiar  state  of  the  throat  next  excited 
attendofi.  The  tongue,  mouth,  and  hxKts  were  devoid  of  moistuie^  as 
if  they  had  been  composed  of  btu-nt  shoe-leather.  The  secretions  of  the 
glands  of  the  mouth,  and  the  saliva,  were  entirely  suspended.  A 
draught  of  water,  inscead  of  giving  relief,  seemed  only  to  increase  the 
unctuous,  clammy  state  of  the  mucous  membrane.  About  the  bag  of 
the  phar}'nx  this  sensation  was  most  distressing.  It  induced  a  constant 
attempt  at  deglutition,  and  fmally  excited  suffocation,  spasms  of  the 
h.uces  and  glottis,  renewed  at  every  attempt  to  swallow.  A  little 
saliva,  white  and  round  like  a  ball  of  cotton,  would  now  and  then  be 
evacuated, 

A,  The  slight  delinum  that  followed  the  action  of  the  narcotic  was 
of  a  strange  yet  not  unpleasant  kind.  I  wished  to  be  in  constant 
motion,  and  it  certainly  aiForded  me  an  infinite  degree  of  satisfaction  to 
be  able  to  walk  up  and  down.  The  intellectual  operations  at  tii 
were  very  vivid-  Thoughts  came  and  went,  and  ludicrous  and  fantastic 
spectacles  were  always  uppermost  in  my  mind,  I  was  conscious  that 
my  language  and  gesticulations  were  extravagant,  yet  I  had  neither 
power  nor  will  to  do  otherwise  than  I  did  ;  and  notwithstanding  my 
bodily  malaise,  my  mind  was  in  a  state  of  delightful  exhilaration. 

(The  treatment  was  very  simple  ;  a  cold  douche  to  the  head  and  an 
emetic  soon  destroyed  the  dominion  of  the  poison.  I  found  some  diffi- 
culty in  provoking  the  operation  of  the  emetic  owing  to  the  insensible 
condition  of  the  stomach.  After  vomiting,  the  disposition  to  sleep  be- 
came very  urgent.    Strong  coffee,  however,  counteracted  this  tendency.) 

€.  The  other  fact  relative  to  the  effects  of  B,  is  worthy  of  note, 
viz.  its  tremendous  diuretic  power.  I  have  observed  that  it  docs 
not  seem  to  reach  the  kidneys  until  it  has  been  some  time  in  the 
stomach,  and  has  exerted  its  specific  influence  on  the  brain*  But  its 
power  over  the  secretion  of  urine  seems  to  be  very  great.  I  am  confi- 
dent I  passed  in  the  course  of  an  hour  three  pints  of  urine,  accompanied 
with  a  slight  strangury  at  the  neck  of  the  bladder.  (N.  Hsrl  ymrm.  §f 
Med.^  185K) 

15,  One  grain  and  a  half  of  what  I  believe  to  be  a  very  good 
extract  of  B.  was  taken  on  going  to  bed  (11  p.m.).  At  about  4  a.m.  I 
woke  in  a  state  of  slight  but  decided  delirium.  My  judgment,  1  think, 
was  sound,  when  I  chose  to  exert  it,  but  nothing  could  rid  my  eyes 
a  legion  of  most  disgusting  spectra.  I  am  not  very  partial  to  any 
of  the  insect  creation,  but  cockroaches  are  my  special  horror, 
spectral  cockroaches  were  swarming  all  over  the  room.  Every  ob} 
in  the  room,  both  real  and  spectral,  had  a  double,  or,  at  least,  a  dim 
outline,  owing  to  the  extreme  dilatation  of  the  pupils.  My  hands  also 
shook  a  little.  This  state  lasted  for  about  two  hours,  and  then  passed  off, 
leaving  me  nothing  to  complain  of  but  a  dry  sort  of  feeling  in  ^.^r 
throat.     (Anstie,  Stimulants  and  Narcotics^  p.  198.) 

16.  The  operation  of  it|^xxx  of  a  Succus  Belladonn-e,  prcpnii  i   . 
^Messr8.  T,  BcU  and  Co.,  was  noted   in  six  adults,  male  and   :t.;u:L. 


BELLADONNA. 


535 


Bell,  action  was  fully  developed  in  all  within  an  hour.  The  pulse  in 
one  was  accelerated  only  ten  beats  ;  in  another  twenty  beats  ;  in  a  third 
26  ;  in  ten  others  40  beats  ;  and  in  the  sixth,  a  youth  of  twenty,  the 
cardiac  systoles  were  more  than  doubled,  the  pulse  rising  from  60  to 
140  beats. 

*  Associated  with  the  acceleration  of  the  pulse,  the  other  effects  of  B. 
(see  Atropinum,  I,  5)  were  well  developed,  but  in  none  of  the  patients 
was  there  any  observable  increase  in  the  respiratory  movements.  The 
individual  in  whom  the  acceleration  of  the  pulse  amounted  to  80  beats 
did  not,  throughout  the  45  m.  during  which  the  maximum  acceleration 
continued,  outwardly  manifest  or  express  the  slightest  excitement. 
The  respirations  never  exceeded  18,  and  at  the  time  when  the  cardiac 
excitement  first  reached  its  acme,  and  afterwards,  the  inspirations 
numbered  15  or  16,  and  were  natural  and  easy.  (Harley,  Old  Vegetable 
Neurotics^  p.  207.) 

17.  9  a.m.,  health  good,  pulse  65,  soft ;  took  lo  drs.  2x  in  water 
soon  sharp  pains  in  r.  malar  bone,  extending  to  eye  and  temple.  9.10, 
pulsating  in  arms,  face  hot  but  not  flushed.  9.25,  pulsating  headache, 
eructations.  9*30,  neuralgic  pains  darting  in  back  and  thighs  ;  pricking 
in  throat  when  swallowing.  9.45,  constant  desire  to  swallow,  mouth 
and  throat  dry  ;  exercise  aggravates  headache ;  pulse  65,  fuller  and 
more  round.  10,  desire  to  sneeze  j  neuralgic  pains  in  arms  and  neck. 
10.15,  after  lemonade  sharp  pain  in  stomach  and  bowels  for  short  time, 
followed  by  toothache  on  1.  upper  molar.  10.40,  very  sleepy  and 
languid  ;  pulse  65.  11.30,  violent  palpitation  of  heart,  and  pulsating 
all  over  body,  caused  by  slight  exercise  ;  headache  returns  j  sneezing. 
I  a,  no  appetite;  considerable  thirst  j  sight  of  food  nauseates.  2  p.m., 
mind  unusually  bright,  study  easy  ;  slight  photophobia  and  sneezing 
when  in  sunlight.  4.30,  much  itching  in  various  parts,  rubbing 
causes  erythema  that  remains  ;  pulse  84 ;  feels  heated  ;  head  aches.  5, 
called  to  urinate,  scant  and  tardy,  followed  by  scant  stool.  6.30,  pulse 
96  before  eating ;  head  hot,  feet  cold.  8,  congested  heavy  feeling  in 
abdomen  and  pelvis  \  sexual  excitement  with  desire  (no  exciting  cause 
present).  9,  called  to  stool,  much  straining,  only  flatus.  9.20,  over- 
come with  sleep ;  waked  often  during  night  by  involuntary  twitchings 
here  and  there.  2nd  d.,  waked  with  pallor,  headache,  and  debility  \ 
no  appetite  for  breakfast ;  bowels  sore  and  distended  ;  early  and  copious 
stool.  Occasional  palpitation  of  heart  during  d.,  copious  urine  every  2 
h.  on  the  average  all  d.     (A.  W.  Woodward,  M.D.,  communicated,) 

18.  J.  HuKENfiECK  took  on  28th  March  at  8  and  10  a.m.,  and  at  i 
and  4  p.m.  \  gr.,  and  at  8  p.m.  \  gr.  of  ext.  bell,  made  into  pills  with 
ext.  tarax.  and  pulv.  rad.  althaeas.  In  afternoon  the  sight  became  so  bad 
he  could  not  see  the  largest  letters  ;  he  also  sometimes  saw  double.  No 
other  symptoms. — 29th,  7  a.m.,  \  gr.  At  9  a.m.  pupils  greatly  en- 
larged, sight  quite  extinct,  iris  insensible  to  light.  At  4  p.m.  sight 
somewhat  restored  ;  took  \  gr. — 30th.  3  doses  of  \  gr.  The  sight  had 
returned  by  the  m.  and  iris  moveable  ;  after  the  ist  dose  became  blind 
and  pupil  immoveable  or  dilated  ;  thirst,  dryness  in  mouth,  and  spasm 
of  throat.  NostooL — 3  ist,m.,  twice  J  gr.,  afternoon  and  e.,  J  gr.  Pupils 
moveable  m.,  became  dilated  and  remained  so  all  day  after  ist  dose. 


536 


BELLADONNA, 


Sight  obscured,  but  not  quite  blind.  Dryness  of  mouth,  thirsty  mi 
constrictive  feeling  in  throat  all  d, ;  2  stools. — 1st  ApriL  4  gr,4  times 
a  d, ;  sight  weak^  dryness  of  mouth,  thirst,  2  stools.     (BoocER,  Batr. 

11,257). 

iq.  Dr,  BocKER  took  on  igth  Sept.  at  4  p,m,  |  gn  extr,  bell  Np 
effect, — 20th.  I  gr.  at  6.40,  9,15  a.m.,  2,47,  ii,  11.15  p.m.  At 
10.30  a.m.  slight  pressive  pain  behind  and  above  eyebrows,  lasting  till 
11,45,  a. m,  when  had  flow  of  saliva  into  mouthy  mucus  in  fauces 
hawked  up,  trachea  and  bronchial  tubes  covered  with  mucus,  removed 
by  hawking.  After  3  p.m.  eyes  weak,  objects  seen  as  if  through  glass, 
not  obscured.  Pupils  sensitive.  At  6  p.m.  sight  better,  still  mucus  in 
throat.  At  4  p.m.  the  headache  returned  slightly,  but  went  off  after 
supper, — 21st,  7  a.m.,  {  gr.  On  rising  r,  nostril  somewhat  stopped. 
9,35,  sneezing,  followed  by  slight  cory^a.  Stool  rather  loose,  of  a 
greenish  colour.  This  green  colour  of  faeces  observed  during  whole 
proving  and  for  some  days  after  ;  e,,eyes  rather  tired  and  weak. — 22nd, 
6.50  i  gr*,  9-5  i  gr.,  10.30  a.m.  J  gr!,  3.15^  gr.,  5.5  p.m.  |  gr.  At 
10  a.m.  some  running  from  1,  nostril,  sneezing,  mucus  in  nose,  trachea^ 
and  fauces,  occasionally  expectorated.  This  mucous  secretion  soon 
stopped,  and  dried  to  crusts  in  nostrils.  Soft  stool  of  greenish  colour,  as 
I  also  on  23rd  and  24th,  on  each  day  2  loose  green  stools.  The  m.  stool 
on  the  25th  was  still  green,  but  one  in  e.  was  quite  normal. — 26th, 
6.55  and  9,6  J  gr.,  11  a,m.  k  g^n  3-^5  i,  445  and  10,5  p.m.  ^  gr. 
At  9.10  a.m.  normal  stool  preceded  by  flatus.  After  stool,  transient 
tensive  feeling  below  navel.  9.35  a.m.,  slight  burning  feeling  in  upper 
part  of  oesophagus,  must  swallow  frequently  and  with  difficult y  041 
account  of  spasmodic  contraction  of  oesophagus.  The  feeling  lasted  a 
long  time,  going  offhand  returning.  At  ii  a.m.  the  constrictive  sensa- 
tion was  worse,  but  never  very  bad.  At  11,45  a.m.  hawked  up  mucus 
several  times  and  the  constrictive  feeling  went  off".  Noon,  hawking 
mucus.  5,30  p.m.,  dim  before  eyes  lasting  till  c.  7-30,  after  supper 
nausea  and  inclination  to  vomit  without  actually  vomiting,  this  ame- 
liorated in  open  air  after  lasting  J  h.  1 1  p.m.,  normal  stool, — 27th,  6.45^ 
9,5  a.m.,  and  3,2  p.m,,  ^  gr.  Stool  of  green  faeces  enveloped  in  reddish 
mucus.  M.,  hawked  up  some  mucus  and  had  pressive  pain  about 
tonsils,  4.30  and  10.15  p.m.,  soft  green  stool.  Afternoon,  much 
fatigued  by  a  longish  walk,  perhaps  owing  to  having  eaten  little.  All  d. 
moderate  appetite,  the  food  had  not  such  an  agreeable  taste  and  did  not 
seem  to  digest  as  well  as  usual ;  feeling  of  fulness  in  abdomen,  especially 
just  before  a  stool.  Occasionally  expectorated  mucus,  and  felt  as 
though  catarrh  was  developing  in  throat.  The  soft  palate,  tonsils,  and 
back  of  pharynx  were  swollen  and  inflamed  ;  as  this  was  the  second 
time  these  symptoms  had  occurred  after  taking  Bell,,  he  was  certain 
they  were  an  effect  of  the  drug,  7  p,m,,  flashes  like  lightning  before 
r.  eye. — ^28 th.  Swallowing  caused  aching  pain  in  (auces,  the  parts  were 
still  red  and  inflamed.  Stool  soft  and  green.  On  shutting  eyes  dull 
flashes  of  light, — 29th,  Pupils  rather  dilated,  m,  and  less  sensitive  to 
light.  10.30  a.m,  when  walking  in  open  air  black  spots  and  stripes 
before  eyes,  rapidly  appearing  and  disappearing.  Throat  still  red  and 
inflamed,   10  p.m.,  a  scanty,  normal,  but  rather  greenish  stool,  felt  very 


BELLADONNA.  537 

unwell  and  uncomfortable. — 30th.  2  stools,  less  green.  Throat  still 
red,  but  not  so  much  so. — ist  Oct.,  two,  2nd,  three  greenish  stools. 
Throat  all  right.  Next  day  one  normal  stool ;  felt  very  comfortable 
and  well.     {Ibid,) 

IL  Poisonings, — I .  The  subject  of  the  poisoning  was  a  child  between 
two  and  three  years  of  age,  and  the  amount  swallowed  from  8  to  12 
grs.  of  the  extract.  The  following  symptoms  presented  themselves 
upon  seeing  the  case  some  30  to  50  m.  after  the  drug  had  been  taken 
into  the  stomach : 

a,  "  The  expression  of  the  countenance  was  that  of  a  person  in 
terror,  pupils  widely  dilated  and  immoveable,  the  tunica  conjunctiva 
highly  injected,  and  the  whole  eye  prominent  and  preternaturally 
brilliant.  The  face,  upper  extremities,  and  trunk  of  the  body  exhibited 
a  diffuse  scarlet  efflorescence,  studded  with  innumerable  papillae,  very 
closely  resembling  the  rash  of  scarlatina;  the  eruption  terminated 
abruptly  at  the  wrists  and  flexure  of  the  thighs,  the  rest  of  the  body 
retaining  its  natural  colour.  Skin  hot  and  dry,  and  pulse  much 
increased  in  force  and  frequency. 

b.  ^^  The  patient's  manner  was  apoplectic ;  respirations  anxious,  and 
attended  with  the  brazen,  stridulous  sound  of  croup.  A  constant  and 
unsuccessful  attempt  at  deglutition  was  observable,  and  at  every 
renewal  of  the  attempt  the  muscles  of  the  thorax  and  pharynx  would  be 
thrown  into  violent  spasmodic  action.  Severe  engorgement  of  the 
venous  trunks  was  also  present.  The  partial  coma  alternated  with 
paroxysms  of  uncontrollable  tendency  to  motion  and  rapid  automatic 
movement,  attended  with  convulsive  laughter.  No  well-marked  con- 
vulsions made  their  appearance,  although,  during  the  brief  periods  of 
sleep  into  which  the  patient  would  fidl,  a  slight  subsultus  of  the 
muscles  of  the  face  and  extremities  was  noted." 

c.  Remedial  measures,  including  free  emesis,  were  now  adopted,  and 
the  child  soon  recovered  ;  durine  convalescence  "  the  diuretic  effect  of 
the  drug  began  to  be  experienced,  the  patient  evacuating  an  enormous 
quantity  of  limpid  urine."     (Gray,  N.  T,  Journ.  of  Med.^  ^851.) 

2.  a.  A  porter  of  the  Ophthalmic  Hospital  in  Moorfields  took  ^ss 
of  liq.  belladonnae  in  mistake  for  the  fluid  extract  of  sarsaparilla.  He 
did  not  immediately  discover  his  error,  but  in  5  min.  or  thereabouts 
after  it  had  been  committed  he  was  rendered  sensible  of  his  mistake  by 
the  unexpected  occurrence  of  a  sensation  of  heat  and  dryness  in  the 
throat,  succeeded  verv  soon  by  vertigo  and  slight  aching  pains  in  the 
limbs,  but  no  headacne.  Upon  the  appearance  of  these  symptoms,  he 
immediately  ran  across  the  street,  a  distance  of  about  100  yards,  to  the 
residence  of  his  usual  medical  adviser,  for  assistance,  and  was  by  that 
gentleman  directed  to  return  to  the  hospital  and  drink  warm  water 
until  the  stomach-pump  could  be  got  ready.  The  man  did  as  he  was 
told,  and  vomited  on  his  return  before  the  pump  could  be  applied ;  but 
whilst  in  the  act  of  drinking  he  became  powerless,  and  in  less  than  \ 
h.  after  the  accident  delirious  and  insensible.  He  struggled  violently 
in  his  unconscious  state,  and  the  combined  strength  of  several  men  was 
required  to  hold  him  steady  during  the  operation  of  pumping  out  the 
contents  of  the  stomach. 


BELLADONNA. 


h.  The  stage  of  delirious  excitement  was  briet;  and  whilst  in  a  ] 
comatose  state  the  patient  was  sent  to  St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  and 
placed  under  my  care.  When  the  patient  was  first  seen  by  me  at 
10.30  a.m.  he  was  nearly  unconscious  of  surrounding  objects  ;  he  was 
lying  supine^  and  all  his  limbs  were  equally  powerless.  There  was  no 
hemiplegia  J  his  face  was  full  and  flushed;  the  head  and  general 
surface  warm  ;  the  pupils  widely  dilated,  scarcely  any  iris  could  be  seen, 
and  the  retina  was  quite  insensible  to  the  stimulus  of  strong  daylight 
The  palpebrK  of  the  K  eye  were  puffy,  and  redder  than  those  parts  on 
r.  side ;  and  the  upper  L  lid  was  prolapsed,  as  in  ptosis.  The  breathing 
was  stertorous,  and  the  respiratory  sounds,  hastily  examined  over  the 
anterior  parts  of  the  chest,  were  modified  by  rales.  The  action  of  the 
heart  was  feeble,  and  the  pulsations  of  the  radial  artery  were  1 16  in 
the  m,,  regular,,  and  weak.  The  tongue  could  not  be  %G^n*  The 
;  abdomen  was  rather  contracted,  and  no  distension  indicating  an  accu* 
mulation  of  urine  existed.  The  sensibility  of  the  pharynx  was  so 
much  impaired,  and  deglutition  so  imperfectly  performed,  that-,  oa 
introducing  a  warm  infusion  of  coffee  into  the  patient's  mouth,  the 
liquid  collected  about  the  larynx,  and  his  features  became  alarmingly 
turgid  in  consequence  of  impeded  respiration.  1 

c.   Under  the  influence  of  treatment  an  amendment,  indicated  by  a  I 
diminution  of  heat  and  fulness  of  face,  and  by  returning  consciousness^^ 
took  place  in  the  course  of  a  few  h.  after  the  patient's  admission  ;  and 
about  3  p.m.  he  made  an  attempt  to  articulate  the  monosyllables  **  yes** 
and  "no^'  when  roused  by  questions.     The  amendment,  however,  was  . 
only  temporary  ;  for,  in  the  e.,  violent  delirium  succeeded  the  stupor,  ^ 
and  recurred  a  second  time.     The  patient  continued  very  unmanage- 
able during  the  n,,  and  could  only  be  restrained  with  safety  to  himself 
and  the  neighbouring  patients  by  means  of  a  strait  waistcoat.     This 
state  of  excitement  was  protracted  till  about  3  next  m.,  when  he  again 
became  calm,  and  a  decided  abatement  of  ail  the  urgent  symptoms  was  1 
noticed  at  8  a,m. 

cL  At  t  p.m.  he  had  regained  the  power  of  speech  and  deglutition; 
and  although  a  peculiar  wild  expression  of  countenance  remained,  with 
confusion  of  ideas,  he  was  sensible  enough  to  thank  his  medical  atten* 
dants  for  the  aid  they  had  afforded  him.     The  tongue  could  now  be 
protruded;  the  pulse  had  subsided  from  ii6  to  68,  and  did  not  subse-  , 
quently  undergo  any  material  variation.     The  sight  of  the  r,  eye  had  ' 
become  rather  clearer,  but  that  of  the  1.  eye  more  impaired  j  the  upper 
lid  more  tumefied  and  prolapsed  ;  the  conjunctiva  more  vascular,  and 
raised  above  the  margin  of  the  transparent  cornea,  which,  in  a  few  days^ 
became  opaque  *,  and  a  small  quantity  of  a  puriform  fluid  had  accumu. 
lated  in  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye.     The  sight  of  the  K  eye  was 
perfectly  natural  previous  to  the  accident ;  and  as  no  mechanical  injury  . 
has  been  since  done  to  it,  its  inflammatory  state  may  be  fairly  attributed 
to  the  virulence  of  the  B. 

i.  All  anxiety  for  the  immediate  safety  of  the  patient  ceased  wtthtn 
30  h*  after  his  admission ;  but  the  abnormal  condition  of  the  nervous 
system  prevailed  several  days,  and  notwithstanding  he  conversed 
rationally  on  the  second  d.,  he  had  no  recollection  of  the  events  which 


BELLADONNA.  539 

occurred  in  St.  Thomas's  Hospital  until  near  60  h.  from  the  com- 
mencement of  his  first  delirium,  or  the  third  d.  of  the  accident.  After 
recovering  perfect  consciousness,  a  remarkable  numbness,  extending 
over  all  parts  of  the  trunk  and  extremities,  attracted  attention,  and  per- 
sisted for  several  d.  No  pain  could  be  excited,  while  this  condition 
continued,  by  forcibly  pinching  the  skin  of  the  forehead  or  of  other 
parts;  and  although  an  unusual  sensation  was  perceived  by  the  patient 
at  the  moment,  he  could  not,  with  his  eyes  averted  from  the  operation, 
point  out  the  precise  spot  subjected  to  compression.  Anaesthesia  co- 
existed with  consciousness,  resembling  the  state  often  recognised  during 
recovery  from  the  effects  of  chloroform.  The  specific  sensibility  of  the 
r.  retina  was  not  entirely  restored  until  after  common  sensation  had 
returned  to  the  general  surface  ;  and  the  sight  of  the  inflamed  eye  con- 
tinued dim,  from  the  events  of  the  secondary  affection,  until  a  later 
period. 

f.  The  mental  delusions  during  the  delirium  were  for  the  most 
part,  though  not  altogether,  of  an  agreeable  kind  ;  and  the  prevalent 
fancy  in  the  patient's  mind  was  that  he  had  become  suddenly  rich  and 
possessed  of  a  splendid  mansion.  (Burton,  Lond,  Med,  Gazettey  1848, 
p.  1024.) 

3,  a.  Miss  G.,  act.  34,  of  slight  figure,  fair  complexion,  nervous 
temperament,  swallowed  by  accident  5J  of  extract  in  ^iss  of  soap  lini- 
ment. At  first  she  only  complained  of  "  a  sensation  of  madness  in  her 
brain,"  but  in  less  than  an  h.  lost  the  power  of  speaking  and  swallowing 
quite  suddenly,  and  fell  into  a  comatose  state.  Mr.  £.  found  her  with 
head  bent  forward  on  chest,  speechless,  eyes  closed,  breathing  heavy 
and  stertorous,  pupils  widely  dilated,  hands  and  feet  cold,  pulse  scarcely 
perceptible,  jaws  firmly  fixed  ;  there  was  a  constant  disposition  to  raise 
the  hands  to  the  face.  She  appeared  conscious  when  roused  and 
addressed,  but  could  not  answer ;  nor  could  she  swallow  when  liquids 
were  put  into  the  mouth.  After  emptying  the  stomach  with  the  tube, 
and  introducing  coffee  and  ammonia,  there  was  some  reaction. 

b.  12  vn.y  there  seemed  to  be  a  gradual  improvement  in  her 
breathing,  circulation,  and  general  appearance ;  there  was  a  slight 
twitching  of  the  muscles  of  the  r.  side  of  the  face ;  not  able  to  swallow, 
but  we  foncied  she,  in  answer  to  a  question  put  to  her,  said  "  yes.'^ 
5  p.m.,  symptoms  the  same ;  no  evacuation  from  bladder  or  bowels ; 
pupils  widely  dilated  and  immoveable ;  has  slept  a  good  deal ;  skin 
warm;  pulse  112,  feeble;  still  unable  to  speak  or  swallow.  9  p.m., 
countenance  more  natural.  There  was  constant  nictitation,  and 
picking  at  the  sheets ;  if  touched  by  any  person  she  jumped  as  if  in 
great  darm.  This  I  observed  to  occur  whenever  her  hair  was  removed 
from  her  face,  or  when  I  felt  her  pulse.  When  thoroughly  roused  she 
answered  in  monosyllables,  and  apparently  attempted  to  form  connected 
expressions,  but  they  were  unintelligible  ;  pupils  still  greatly  dilated, 
nor  did  they  contract  when  a  lighted  candle  was  placed  before  the  eyes ; 
pulse  120;  no  action  from  bladder  or  bowels.  On  asking  her  if  her 
throat  was  sore  she  replied,  ^^  dry ;''  on  asking  her  if  she  could  suck  an 
orange,  she  replied,  "  yes."  I  therefore  had  some  orange-juice  squeezed 
into  a  glass,  and^  by  means  of  a  teaspoon,  got  her  to  swallow  perhaps 


i40 


BELLADONNA. 


half    an    ounce ;  but    this  was    accomplished    with  great    difficulty.  1 
Ordered  an  injection  of  a  pint  of  gruel  with  half  an  ounce  of  oil  of  tur- 
pentine and  an  ounce  of  castor-oil  to  be  administered  directly » and^  when 
able  to  swallow,  the  following  mixture: — ^Spirit  of  nitric  ether,  311]  i  1 
compound  tincture  of  cardamoms,  31]  j  camphor  mixture,  ^  -^      Tr. 
take  an  ounce  every  3  h, 

c,  January  gih,  ii    a,m*     Has  passed  a  restless  night,  sictp  ccmg 
much  disturbed  by  frightful  dreams  ;  complains  of  intense  pain  in  the 
head,  and  says  that  it  feels  enormously  large,  as  also  does  her  throat  i 
is  much  annoyed  by  a  constant  sensation  of  trembling  in  all  the  muscles 
of  the  body  \  bowels  were  moved  after  the  injection,  and  some  urine 
passed  at  the  same  time,  none  since ;  great  intolerance   of  light  and 
noise  ;  tongue  rather  dark,  but  moist ;  skin  natural  j  complains  of  thirst  i 
pulse  88  ;  pupils  as  dilated  as  even     She  says   she  can   see    me  for  a 
moment  only,  and   then   my  face   becomes   horribly  distorted.     Tie  ' 
power  of  speech  seemed  to  return  about  12  or  1,  at  which  time  she  was 
very  delirious,  and  would  persist  that  there  were  very  horrid  monsters 
all  over  the  room  staring  at  her.     Ordered  8  leeches  to  the   temples;] 
effervescent  mixture  ^v^ry  three  h,,  and  2  grs.  of  calomel,  with  7  of  I 
extract  of  colocynth,  to  be  taken  directly.     She  says  she  rememben  my  I 
coming  to  her  yesterday  m.,  but  was  unconscious  of  everything  after* 
wards  until  the  e. 

d,  Jan.  loth.  Better;  head  much  relieved  by  the  leeches;  passed  1 
a  restless  night,  her  sleep,  she  says,  being  disturbed  by  *^  miserable 
phantoms  \**  bowels  have  been  relieved  two  or  three  times,  and  urine 
has  been  excreted  copiously  ;  skin  moist  ;  pulse  1 00  ;  slight  thirst  \ 
pupils  still  unaffected  by  light ;  complains  of  the  trembling  of  her  | 
muscles,  but  has  lost  the  sensation  of  her  head  and  throat  being 
enlarged. 

i.  Jan,   nth.     Improved    in  every  respect ;  pupils  not  so  widely  I 
dilated,  are  now  slightly  affected  by  light.     From  the  above  date  gradual 
amendment  took  place,  and  the  power  of  vision  slowly  returned.     It 
was,  however,  some  days  before  she  was  able  to  walk,  even  with  the 
assistance  of  a  person  on  each  side  of  her.     This  inability  to  walk  did  1 
not  arise  from  weakness,  but  she  appeared  to  have  lost  all   p>ower  of] 
controlling  the  action  of  the  legs.     (Edwards,  Lancet^  1851,  j,  568.)    * 

4,  A  mother,  with  her  four  children  and  a  maid-servant,  ate  one  c»  of 
the  ripe  berries  of  B,  j  the  mother  and  maid  had  each  eaten  about  six 
bunches.  In  the  course  of  a  few  hours  the  symptoms  of  poisoning 
manifested  themselves  in  aJl  of  them  \  these  were  nausea,  double  vision,  < 
sense  of  constriction  of  the  throat,  giddiness,  and  sleepiness.  On  the  ' 
following  d.,  15  h,  after  the  poison  had  been  taken,  Dr.  T.  saw  the 
patients.  The  operation  of  the  poison  displayed  itself  in  four 
degrees. 

a.  The  first  and  slightest  was  in  the  maid-servant,  who  produced 
vomiting  in  herself  by  drinking  warm  water  and  tickling  her  throat. 
She  complained  only  of  headache  and  weariness.  The  pupils  were 
enlarged,  the  face  red,  and  the  pulse  somethat  quickened. 

h.  The  second  degree  was  observed  in  two  of  the  girls,  one  of  whom 
as  4,  the  other  8  years  old.     It  displayed  itself  in  a  tottering  ^i 


BELLADONNA.  541 

incoherent  talk,  protruding  of  eyes,  dilated  pupils,  staring  look,  very 
quick  pulse,  and  increased  temperature  of  the  skin. 

c.  The  third  degree  was  exhibited  bv  the  mother.  She  fell  into  a 
delirious  state  in  the  morning,  attemptea  to  bite  and  strike  her  attendant, 
broke  into  fits  of  laughter,  and  gnashed  her  teeth.  The  head  was  hot, 
the  face  red,  the  look  wild  and  fierce,  the  tongue  dry,  the  abdomen 
swollen,  the  pulse  small  and  frequent. 

d.  The  fourth  degree  showed  itself  in  the  two  boys,  the  one  of  whom 
was  2  J,  the  other  6  years  old.  They  lay  in  a  soporose  condition,  with 
violent  convulsions  of  the  extremities  ;  the  head  was  very  hot,  the  face 
red,  the  eyes  protruding.  They  were  also  affected  with  a  croupy 
cough. 

The  cases  were  all  treated  with  emetics,  purgatives,  and  stimulants  ; 
and  the  patients  recovered  in  the  course  of  twenty  four  h.  (Teschen- 
MACHER,  Casper  s  Wochemchrift^  1843,  P-  5^5-) 

5.  A  child  of  4,  of  feeble  constitution,  but  otherwise  well,  ate,  at 
1 1  a.m.,  a  quantity  of  the  berries  of  B.  The  following  symptoms  set 
in  : — want  of  appetite,  nausea,  vomiting,  symptoms  of  intoxication  and 
slight  delirium,  inextinguishable  thirst ;  o  h.  afterwards,  tumefaction 
and  redness  of  face  and  lips,  raising  of  eyelids,  dilatation  of  pupils, 
insensibility  of  eyes  to  light,  convulsive  closing  of  jaws  and  contraction 
of  muscles  of  face  and  extremities,  very  feeble  pulse  and  irregular  respi- 
ration. Next  d.  increase  of  convulsive  movements  with  redness  of  the 
face  and  profuse  perspiration ;  pupils  remained  dilated ;  there  was  also 
rigidity  down  spine,  tumefaction  of  abdomen,  which  was  very  tender  to 
touch,  constipation,  and  weak  pulse.  On  3rd  d.,  in  m.,  child  was 
better,  but  at  noon  delirium  returned  with  swelling  of  the  abdomen  and 
aphthae  in  mouth  ;  in  e.  there  was  fever  with  agitation  ;  he  complained 
of  great  pain  in  his  teeth.  From  the  next  d.  all  symptoms  speedily 
disappeared.     (Orfila,  7oxicologie^  4th  ed.,  ii,  392.) 

6.  A  little  girl  of  3,  enjoying  excellent  health,  spending  the  afternoon 
at  another  house,  returned  home  in  the  e.  refusing  all  food,  anxiously 
seeking  drink,  perpetually  trying  to  sleep  without  success.  In  the 
middle  of  the  (sleepless)  n.,  she  vomited  some  of  the  food  which  she 
had  taken  during  the  day.  Being  then  attacked  by  excessive  convul- 
sions, simulating  true  epilepsy,  she  began  to  rave.  Being  called  to  this 
unfortunate  child  in  the  early  m.  I  found  her  in  the  following  astonish- 
ing condition :  — her  respiration  was  violent,  short,  hurried  and  anxious  ; 
the  pulse  was  very  quick  and  feeble,  scarcely  to  be  felt ;  a  burning  thirst, 
with  great  heat  in  all  parts,  tormented  the  patient,  who  now  craved  for 
drink  and  now  repelled  it  when  offered.  At  this  time  she  neither 
vomited,  nor  did  the  bowels  act.  The  moist  hair  stood  on  end  j  the 
countenance  was  red  and  swollen  (the  rest  of  the  surface  being  pale), 
the  eyes  were  sparkling,  rolling  about,  and  projecting.  Her  agitated 
little  frame  perspired,  yet  not  so  as  to  be  profusely  sweating.  There 
was  firequent  and  copious  emission  of  thin,  pale,  watery  urine.  She  was 
talkative,  and  laughed  loudly ;  but  the  mind  was  disordered,  so  that 
speech  did  not  correspond  to  thought,  nor  thought  to  sense,  nor  sense 
to  the  objects  present.  Her  tender  little  frame  was  racked  with 
horrible  spasms  and  frequent  convulsions,  the  flexor  muscles  being 


542 


BELLADONNA. 


chiefly  involved.     In  the  intervals  between  the  spasms  she  uttered  cries. 

audible  far  and  wide,  evidencing  the  pain  she  felt.     [It  was  found  that  I 
she  had  eaten  freely  of  the  berries.]      (Grimm.,  Nov*  Act.  Acad,  Nat, 
Ct/r.y  vol  ii.) 

7*  On  July  1st,  1798,  at  4  p.m.,  I  was  desired  by  the   master-dyer, J 
Baptiste  Schwerber,  of  AUensbach,  to  visit  his  little  daughter  of  6  years  1 
old,  who  was  seized    with  spasms.     Ere  I  could  reach  the  house,  a  l 
barber-surgeon,  who  lived  near,  gave  her  a  dose  of  Hoffmann's  anody ne,,| 
after  which  the  patient  grew  worse  till  8  o'clock,  at  which  time  I  sawl 
her.     I  found  this  naturally  healthy  girl  tossing  about  in  her  bed  in  a 
perfect  rage,  with  blood -red  countenance,  and  hiW  pulse,  and  altogether 
without   reason.     The  whole  body  was  swollen  and   red  ;  she  spoke 
constantly  and  rapidly,  talking  nonsense  ;  tried  to  tear  her  night*dress 
and  her  clothes  ;  in  short,  she  resembled  one  mad  to  the  utmost  degree. 
I  immediately  suspected  a  poisoning  ;  but  the  narrative  of  the  parents  ■ 
gave  me  little  enlightenment  thereupon.     They  said  that  up  to  nooxil 
the  little  maiden  had  been  quite  lively,  and  bounding  about,  but  at  dinner- 
time she  was  already  strange,  and  did  foolish  things  ;  in  the  afternoon 
she  tore  her  bonnet,  pulled  stones  out  of  the  ground  and  threw  them  at 
the  passers-by,  sprang  into  the  water,  and  so  at  last  reached  the  frightful  . 
height  of  frenzy  above  described.     The  widely-dilated  pupils,  however  J 
satisfied  me  that  I  had  to  deal  with  a  case  of  poisoning  by  B.     [The 
rest  of  the  narrative  tells  how  the  suspicion    was  confirmed,  and  the 
poison  antidoted.]     (Sauter,  Hufelamfs  Journal^  vol.  xi*) 

8.  a,  J,  G — ,  ast.  75,  of  spare  habit,  took  by  mistake,  at  6  p.m.,  5 
or  6  grs,  of  extract  given  him  for  external  application.     In  a  short  time] 
effects  became  manifest,  and  by  7  he  had  lost  power  of  articulation,  an41 
presented  general  appearance  of  a  person  seized  with  slight  pamlysisJ 
He  was  quite  unable  to  stand  or  walk,  and  his  limbs  were  in  a  state  ofl 
tremor  and  agitation.     He  became  cold,  and  nearly  approaching  a  statel 
of  insensibility  ;  the  eyes  had  a  wild^  vacant  appearance  ^  the  respiraiioii| 
was  laborious    and   occasionally  stertorous,  and    he  moved  the  bodyj 
incessantly  backward  and  forward,  as  if  his  inward  suffering  (not  other-1 
wise  expressed)  was  very  great.     At  10  the  temperature  of  the  body  had] 
increased,  face  swollen,  mouth  and  throat  extremely  dry,  and   insen-l 
sibility  more  complete.     Castoroil  had  been  given,  but  was  rejected. 
One  of  the  attendants  stated  that  nausea  prevailed  at   various  times. 
No  active  delirium  was  manifested,  but  from  the  general  appearance  on 
the   eye  and    features,    no   doubt    that  peculiar  derangement  existed, « 
subdued  partially  by  the  pressure  on  the   cerebral  organ^  so  as  more 
nearly  to  approach  the  character  of  apoplexy, 

i.  At  6  the  following  m.  he  appeared  considerably  exhausted,  but  had 
still  sufficient  power  to  take  some  wine  and  water,  and  for  the  first  time 
indistinctly  uttered  a  few  words.     His  mouth  and  fauces  at  this  time  (to 
use  the  words  of  an  attendant)  were  as  dry  as  a  chip.     His  face  was  sog 
much  swollen  and  red  as  quite  to  change  his  natural  appearance.     Hrs^ 
daughter  remarked  that  the  wrinkles  of  old  age  had  disappeared  and  he 
appeared  much  fatter  than  usual.     Between  9  and  10  he  appeared  quite, 
exhausted,  and  died  at  II,  being  17  h.  after  swallowing  extract.  J 

f.  The  P,  M.  examination  showed  great  congestion  of  brain,  parti*! 


BELLADONNA.  543 

cularly  at  base,  and  of  medulla  oblongata,  together  with  considerable 
serous  effusion.  There  was  also  congestion  of  lungs,  and  dark  disco- 
loration of  part  of  greater  curvature  of  stomach.  (Jackson,  Med. 
Times^  Sept.  i6,  1848.) 

9.  M.  N — ,  aet.  46,  took  by  mistake  44  grs.  of  powdered  plant. 
About  I  h.  afterwards  he  was  attacked  with  violent  headache,  seated 
chiefly  about  orbital  fossa,  and  soon  followed  by  excessive  redness  of 
eyes  and  face,  which  gradually  extended  over  whole  surface  of  body,  so 
that  it  presented  a  uniformly  red  colour,  exactly  resembling  that 
observed  in  scarlatina ;  moreover,  his  throat  was  of  a  deep  red  colour, 
and  the  seat  of  an  acute  sensation  of  heat,  which  appeared  to  extend 
throughout  the  alimentary  canal.  There  was  great  irritation  of 
(apparently)  the  neck  of  the  bladder  ;  the  patient,  in  the  midst  of  a 
loquacious  delirium,  which  turned  principally  on  the  pain  which  he 
experienced  in  this  part,  was  continually  making  efforts  to  evacuate  his 
urine,  which  was  very  red  and  bloody,  and  came  zw2Ly  guttatim.  After 
antiphlogistic  and  emollient  measures  he  was  better,  save  for  the  vesical 
irritation,  this  yielding  after  20  leeches  had  been  applied  to  hypogastrium. 
He  slept  well,  and  next  m.  had  only  some  malaise,  which  soon  dis- 
appeared.    (Jolly,  Nouv.  BibL  Med,^  1828.) 

10.  Mr.  T — ,  having  suffered  for  some  time  from  pain  in  back, 
palpitation,  and  dyspeptic  symptoms,  had  a  belladonna  plaster  applied 
to  back.  Ten  d.  afterwards  he  removed  it,  and  being  unaware  that  on 
its  site  some  pustules  and  minute  ulcers  had  appeared,  applied  a  fresh 
one.  Leaving  home  for  business  soon  after  (10.30  a.m.),  between  11 
and  12  he  found  tongue  and  throat  extremely  dry,  and  tongue  covered 
with  a  white,  clammy  fur  which  he  could  pull  off  in  strings.  Dryness 
caused  great  distress,  and  impeded  articulation.  At  same  time  he  had 
extreme  desire  to  micturate,  but  could  only  pass  with  much  effort  a  few 
drops  of  colourless  fluid  ;  this  he  continued  to  do  as  often  as  possible 
until  he  lost  consciousness.  Sense  of  dryness  increased,  and  he  began 
to  feel  a  little  confused,  but  transacted  business  correctly.  Between  2 
and  3  it  was  observed  that  there  was  something  strange  in  his  speech 
and  manner  ;  drinking  some  water  aggravated  dryness.  He  drove  him- 
self home,  which  he  reached  about  3.  Mind  was  by  this  time  much 
confused,  and  soon  after  he  had,  5  or  6  times  in  quick  succession,  con- 
vulsive catchings  of  extremities,  face  and  trunk, — such,  he  says,  as 
animals  have  when  bitten  by  venomous  serpents.*^  His  mind  then 
began  to  ramble  and  advice  was  sought.  Patient,  seen  at  6,  was  found 
standing  by  bed,  supported  by  two  men.  He  seemed  to  have  very  little 
power  of,  or  control  over,  lower  extremities,  and  would  have  fallen  if 
unsupported.  He  dragged  legs  on  being  led  about.  He  was  restless  in 
the  extreme,  and  would  not  lie  down  for  an  instant  \  hands  were  in 
constant  motion  ;  he  seemed  as  if  he  were  busy  moving  some  light 
objects ;  occasionally  he  made  ascending  movements  with  feet.  He 
moved  his  mouth  incessantly,  as  if  talking,  but  sounds  emitted  were  inar- 
ticulate and  unintelligible.  He  paid  no  attention  to  those  about  him,  in 
&ct,  seemed  unconscious  of  their  presence,  only  now  and  then,  when 
addressed  in  a  loud  voice,  he  stared  at  the  speaker  for  an  instant,  like 
*  Mr.  T—  was  employed  in  the  Zoological  Gardens. 


544 


BELLADONNA. 


one  aroused  from  a  sound  sleep.     Once  he  laughed  when  bid  to  put  out 
his  tongue,  and  rapidly  protruded  and   withdrew  it*     Pupils  were  ^^J 
large,  and  reacted  sluggishly  to  light,  surface  was  warm,  face  a  littW 
flushed,  but  no  throbbing  of  vessels  was  perceptible.     Pulse  was  80 — 90, 
regular. 

Removal  of  plaster,  and  administration  of  amm.  carb,,  produced 
speedy  improvement,  and  consciousness  returned  before  11,  He  had 
no  sleep  that  n*  or  the  following,  and  memory  continued  very  defective 
for  2  or  3  d,     (Jenner,  Med,  Times  and  Gax.^  Nov.  22,  1856.) 

II,  Greding  treated  23  epileptics  with  inspissated  juice  and 
powdered  leaves,  in  increasing  doses.  He  gives  following  summary  of 
effects  observed  i — 

"fl.  Beyond  quiet  and  refreshing  sleep,  which  some  even  10  the 
first  days,  but  still  more  in  the  further  course  of  the  treatment^  enjoy 
no  change  in  this  respect  was  noticed,  and  although  a  few  from  tts  1 
tinued  use  had  their  sleep  once  and  again  somewhat  prolonged,  yet  I 
saw  no  one,  however  largely  the  B.  had  been  taken,  somnolent  or 
torpid » 

"  h.  So  also  none,  from  the  commencement  of  their  use  of  B.^  coa]«>| 
plained  of  increased  heat  of  body,  unless  perhaps  it  were  a  man  whc 
having  sweated  freely  on  the  2nd  n*,  on  the  3rd  cried  out  in  his  slccf 
that  his  house  was  on  fire,  which  might  imply  that  he  was  heated,! 
Nor  did  I,  in  my  daily  forenoon  visits,  find  the  pulse  weak  and  rapid, 
as  others  have  observed,  save  in  those  who  kept  their  bed  from  depres- 
sion of  mind  ;  and  even  in  these  later  on  in  the  treatment  it  became, 
the  rest,  natural,  full,  quiet  and  strong. 

c.  Repeated  and  materially  increased  doses,  however,  caused  in 
many  a  more  frequent  and  profuse  flow  of  urine,  and  also  an  outbur 
more  or  less  free  of  perspiration,  which  last  was  sometimes  of  long  con- 
tinuance. In  one  case  it  was  limited  to  the  chest,  in  another  to  the 
forehead, 

"  d.  Upon  these  secretory  actions  there/oUowed,  if  it  did  not  precede 
them,  a  certain  notable  laxity  of  the  bowels,  often  continuing  through* 
out  the  treatment^  and  even  a  slight  and  transient  diarrhoea,  which  in 
one  case  alternated  for  some  time  with  heat  of  the  head.  Two  patients 
only  had  for  some  days  a  noteworthy  constipation,  the  rest  enjoying 
daily  motions, 

**^.  Theappetite  varied  j  with  some  it  was  fora  short  timediminisbc 
or  depraved,  and  with  a  few  was  extinguished,  but  with  others   it 
notably  increased, 

**y^  Two  only  complained  of  bitterness  of  mouthy  but  several  of 
nausea,  eructation,  and  tendency  to  vomit  j  some  had  spontaneous,  even 
pituitous,  vomiting,  the  cjecta  in  one  case  having  a  green  colour. 

"^.  Not  a  few  felt  some  amount  of  belly-ache  ;  one  complained 
pressure  at  the  stomach,  as  if  a  stone  were  there,  another  of  a  bruised 
pain  in  the  abdomen. 

*'  A.  Several  had  slight  dryness  of  the  mouth,  others  thirst,  which  in 
two  instances  was  somewhat  intense.  One  only  complained  of  viscid 
saliva  forming  largely,  and  adhering  to  the  palate  and  fauces,  but  three 
others  spoke  of  a  certain  degree  of  salivation*     Two  for  a  short  tim 


as  m 


BELLADONNA.  545 

had  difficulty  of  deglutition,  one  hoarseness,  and  one  pain  in  the  throat, 
afterwards  shifting  to  the  abdomen  and  going  off  in  a  mild  diarrhoea. 

"  /.  In  few — 4  at  the  most — was  any  headache  excited.  Several, 
however,  experienced  slight  and  transient  vertigo.  Some  felt  cloudi- 
ness of  the  head,  one  woman  to  such  a  degree  that  she  seemed  intoxi- 
cated. The  heaviness  of  hearing  in  one  youth,  and  the  noises  in  the 
ears — with  rush  of  air  from  the  left — experienced  by  one  of  the  girls, 
are  very  dubious  effects  of  the  drug. 

'*y.  A  larger  number  had  the  eyes  affected.  One  had  heat  in  them, 
another  pressure,  and  feeling  as  if  grains  of  sand  were  there  ;  two  spoke 
of  pain,  and  two  showed  some  redness.  Still  more  complained,  espe- 
cially in  the  morning,  of  decided  dulness  of  the  eyes,  with  which  went 
marked  dilatation  of  the  pupils  of  more  or  less  long  duration  ;  while  one 
had  actual  blindness  lasting  for  3  weeks.  No  permanent  harm,  how- 
ever, resulted  to  the  sight  of  any. 

"  k.  Nearly  all,  in  the  early  stage  of  the  operation  of  B.,  had  pale 
faces.  Some  even  spoke  of  a  sense  of  chill  and  shuddering.  One  com- 
plained of  coldness  in  the  nose  only  ;  another  in  the  knees,  while  his 
forehead  was  hot  ;  and  another  felt  cold  to  the  touch  all  over. 

"/.  A  few  spoke  of  flying  heats,but  two  only  of  fever  ;  and  this  was 
followed,  with  one  by  facial  erysipelas,  and  with  the  other  by  gumboil. 
As  several  other  persons  in  the  hospital  and  neighbourhood  had  similar 
affections  at  this  time,  though  not  taking  6.,  we  cannot  ascribe  them 
to  the  drug. 

";w.  Three  only  were  subject  to  redness  efface,  and  this  only  after 
the  B.  had  been  continued  some  time. 

** «.  No  anxiety  was  at  first  caused  by  B.,  but  later,  four  patients 
experienced  it  in  the  praecordia  to  such  an  extent  that  they  tore  their 
bodies,  seeking  in  this  way  to  put  an  end  to  themselves.  The  respira- 
tion in  the  other  cases  was  quite  free. 

**  0,  The  catamenia  seemed  little  affected  by  the  use  of  this  drug. 
Some  of  the  women  who  took  it  enjoyed  regular  periods  throughout 
the  treatment.  In  some,  indeed,  there  was  delay,  but  fuller  flow  after- 
wards ;  with  3  the  period  anticipated,  and  in  2  of  these  cases  was  freer 
also,  while  in  2  there  was  also  epistaxis  at  the  same  time. 

^p.  Certain  rheumatic  pains  seemed  ascribable  to  the  B.,  in  2  of  the 
side,  in  2  of  the  chest,  in  3  of  the  arms  and  scapulae,  in  6  of  the  loins 
and  hips. 

"^.  I  leave  others  to  judge  if  the  eruption  of  small,  smooth,  dull 

red  spots,  irregular  and  angular  in  shape,  and   not  raised  above  the 

cuticle,  in  Case  19,  appearing  after  a  sudden  rigor  j  or  the  pustule  of 

Case  15,  appearing  near  the  nail  of  the  index  finger  and  emitting  much 

'acrid  serum,  can  ^irly  be  traced  to  the  drug. 

^^r.  I  saw  no  reason  to  believe  that  B.  induces  an  inflammatory  con- 
dition in  the  humours.  In  cases  where,  from  some  cause  connected 
with  their  malady,  I  had  to  draw  blood,  1  found  the  fluid  free  from  the 
signs  of  this  state  ;  and  an  accidental  wound  in  one  showed  no  tendency 
to  become  inflamed. 

*'  J.  The  spasmodic  and  convulsive  accidents  which  occurred  are  of 
course  not  due  to  the  drug,  as  they  would  be  observed  in  any  case  of 

35 


546 


ATROPINUM- 


epilepsy  which  was  watched  sufficiently  long."*     (Ludwig's 
Med,  Pract,^  i,  632.) 

IIL  Experiments  on  animals, — i,  a,  M.  Flourens  found  that  Wrds 
fed  by  him  with  B,  became  blind.     On  examining  them  after  death 
observed  that  the  cranium  was  stained  red  opposite  the  corpora  cjuadri-1 
gemina,  from  which^  and   from   its  effect  on   the  sight,  he  conduced 
that  these  nervous  ganglia  were  chiefly  acted  on  by  the  poison. 

^.  Herbivorous  animals  do  not  seem  to  be  affected  by  devouringany 
part  of  the  plants  if  we  may  judge   from  experiments   perforroed  up 
the  horse,  the  ass,  and  the  rabbit, 

c.  The  berries  of  B.  administered  by  Orfila  to  dogs  produced 
result ;  but  these  animals  were  readily  poisoned  by  the  extract  taken 
into  the  stomach  or  injected  into  the  veins,  and  exhibited^  along  with 
dilated  pupils,  the  symptoms  belonging  to  narcotic  poisoning  in  quad- 
rupeds.    (Stille,  suif  voce,) 

2,  a.  To  a  mare  was  given  ^j  of  powdered   B.  root  with  a  ptnt  < 
water,  at  3,30  p.m.,  pulse   being   36   (normal).     At   4»4S>  tongue  watl 
dry,  pulse  had  risen  to  44,     At  4.50,  tongue  was  gradually  becoming 
moister,  pulse  50.     At  5.50,  tongue  moist,  and  puGe  bad  fallen  to  40.J 
From  this  time  effects  of  drug  gradually  passed  off. 

if.  To  a  colt  3j  o^  powdered  leaves  was  given  in  same  way  at  4  p.r 
At  5.20  pulse  was  56,  at  6*25  50,  whence  it  gradually  fell  to  norm 
rate.     No  other    effects   were    perceptible.     (BuRKEss  and   Mavor, 
Specific  Action  of  Drugs ^  p.  64.) 


Atropiniizn*     An  alkaloid  obtained  from  Belladonna,  C^-H^Na^. 

I.  Provings, — i.  a,  W,  S.  MoFFAT.  July  3,  1 867,  I  commenced 
experimenting   with    A*     Am  21    years    of   age ;    nervous  tempera* 
ment  ;  good    constitution  ;    somewhat  subject    to    gastric  and   bilioy 
derangement.     Do   not  habitually  use  tea,  coffee,  or  alcoholic   sttma^ 
lants  ;   labour   mental ;  take   meals  at   regular  hours,  3   times  a   d.  ; 
also  free  exercise  in  the  open   air.     Hours  of  sleep,  from  1 1  p.m,  to 
7  a.m.     At  I  p.m.  took  5  gr,  3rd  dec.  trit.  of  A.  i  no  symptoms.     At  3 
same  dose  ;  no  symptoms.     July  4,  3  p.m.,  took  5  gr.  2nd  trit.  ;   sh   r' 
after  taking  the  drug  I  experienced   sensation  of  dryness  in  th 
with  feeling  of  fulness  and  pressure  at  temples.     While  reading  a  buuk 
letters   gradually   grew   indistinct   and  seemed   wavering  before  eyes. 
These  sensations  were  succeeded  by  vertigo,  in  consequence  of  which 
I  was  obhged  to  lie   down.     Fulness  of  temples   and  also  of  forehead, 
with  very  slight  pain  ;  can  scarcely  walk,  am  so  dizzy ;  pupils  some* 
what  dilated.     Again,  during  same  afternoon,  took  5  gr.  2iid  dec.  trit,, 
which  I  had  difficulty  in   swallowing  on   account  of  dryness  of  throat* 
Drank  part  of  a  glass  of  water  which   seemed   to  taste  like  A.      Dull 
pain  in  temples,  coming  on   at  intervals  of  perhaps  \  h.  and  lasting  a 
few  m*     This  pain  is  not  severe  but  seems  like  a  deep  heavy  pressure  ; 
at  other  times  it  is  a  steady  tension  in  anterior  cerebral  region,  as  j| 

•  It  would  he  interesting  to  compare  this  discreet  lumming-trp  of  Gre4ting\  wii 
the  numerou!^  symptoms  (140  in  all)  which  Hahnemann  has  extracted  from  h'ts  rv«T 
<^^vr^   and  f^et  down  to  the  drug. — Eds. 


ATROPINUM.  547 

brain  was  being  pressed  outward  in  all  directions.  Slight  nausea, 
lasting  but  a  few  m.,  coming  on  again  after  an  interval  of  |^  h.  Slight 
numbness  and  prickling  in  hands,  extending  to  tips  of  fingers.  Prick- 
ling soon  ceased,  but  numbness  continued  and  increased,  till  in  a  short 
time  there  was  complete  loss  of  sensation.  Lost  power  to  estimate 
distances,  either  by  eye  or  touch ;  touching  an  object  does  not  produce 
the  slightest  sensation.  Upon  attempting  to  place  hand  upon  a  table 
cannot  tell  when  hand  touches  it.  Continual  opening  and  shutting 
hands  and  grasping  at  imaginary  objects  in  air.  Thrusting  pins  into 
skin  causes  no  sensation  of  pain  ;  water,  either  warm  or  cold,  glides 
over  surface  of  body  without  moistening  it  or  producing  any  appreciable 
sensation.  This  ansesthesia  continued  several  h.  Loss  of  sensation  in 
the  buccal  cavity,  with  complete  loss  of  taste.  When  swallowing 
water  from  a  tumbler  I  could  not  be  persuaded  that  I  had  drunk  any 
until  convinced  by  looking  into  glass.  Teeth  feel  "  on  edge."  Exces- 
sive dilatation  of  pupils  ;  eyes  appear  fixed  and  glassy  j  entire  loss  of 
power  to  compare  objects  with  eye  and  determine  their  respective 
distances.  In  attempting  to  walk  would  reel  and  stagger,  catch  at 
objects  which  appeared  to  me  in  close  proximity,  but  which  in  reality 
were  far  from  my  reach  ;  would  often  stumble  over  objects  which  to 
me  seemed  to  be  many  feet  awav.  Immediately  upon  closing  eyes, 
after  retiring,  the  mind  became  filled  with  strange  and  fanciful  ideas, 
rambling,  incoherent  speech,  spectral  illusions,  with  frequent  fits  of 
wild,  uncontrollable  laughter.  The  delirium  and  spectral  illusions 
continued  through  the  n.,  during  which  time  I  fancied  myself  afflicted 
with  epilepsy,  and  was  constantly  fearful  lest  others  should  discover  my 
unfortunate  condition  ;  was  nearly  oblivious  to  all  that  transpired  during 
the  latter  part  of  the  night,  but  know  from  bruises  received  and 
sensations  of  pain  occasionally  experienced  upon  coming  in  contact 
with  a  stove,  chair,  table,  or  some  solid  body,  that  it  was  passed  in  the 
wildest  delirium.  July  5,  6  a.m.,  feel  as  though  awakened  from  a 
dream;  pupils  very  much  dilated;  spectral  illusions  continue;  fre- 
quently through  forenoon  thought  that  persons  in  the  room  spoke  to 
me,  and  would  carry  on  conversation  with  these  imaginary  beings  ;  am 
absent-minded  and  forgetful.  When  conversing,  after  partly  finishing 
a  sentence,  was  often  obliged  to  stop  and  inquire  what  I  had  been 
saying;  while  talking  with  persons  they  suddenly  vanish.  Jerkings  of 
muscles,  particularly  those  of  legs,  arms  and  face.  While  attempting 
to  drink  from  a  glass  my  arm  suddenly  contracted  and  water  was 
spilled.  While  walking  the  flexor  muscles  of  one  or  both  legs  would 
suddenly  contract,  throwing  me  to  ground  ;  do  not  dare  to  walk  across 
room  for  fear  of  falling.  12,  m.,  most  of  symptoms  abating  and  reason 
is  slowly  returning.  Eyes  intolerant  to  light ;  pupils  still  much  dilated  ; 
can  see  to  read  alittle,  but  after  a  few  words  letters  grow  indistinct,  and 
am  obliged  to  close  eyes  to  rest  them  ;  feeling  of  pressure  in  anterior 
part  of  the  head  still  continues.  July  6. — Pupils  continue  somewhat 
dilated.  Slight  twitching  of  single  muscles.  There  remained  for 
several  d.  difficulty  of  fixing  attention  upon  anything  for  more  than  a 
few  m.  at  a  time,  after  which  no  more  symptoms  were  noticed. 

b.  Aug.  7,  1867,  8  p.m.,  took  i  gr.  2nd  dec.  trit.     No  symptoms, 


548 


ATROPINUM* 


except  slight  dryness  of  fauces,  8th,  8  p.m.,  toolc  i  gn  2nd  dec, 
trit*  In  a  few  m.  feeling  of  dryness  in  throat,  causing  constant  incthj 
nation  to  cough.  Swallowing  water  affords  momentary  relief.  Q,diiffl 
pain  in  eyes^  and  slight  pain  in  temples.  9.15,  retired.  Slight  pain  in 
eyes  continued  for  about  2  h.,  accompanied  part  of  time  by  unpleasaiiEj 
sensation  of  fulness  and  pressure  in  anterior  part  of  head,  making  fne| 
restless  and  uneasy.     Continued  tossing  about  and  changing  i?  nl 

bed  J  did  not  sleep  any  till  near  m.     Dryness  of  mouth,  and  :  -  \ 

tinued  through  n.  9th. — Arose  feeling  uneasy  and  unrefreshed.  Sen- 
sation of  fulness  in  forehead  still  continues.  There  has  been  at  00 
time,  cither  in  this  proving  or  the  preceding,  any  throbbing  of  carotiJi 
or  arteries  of  head.  Eyes  feel  wearied  j  pupils  dilated.  Dizziness  upo« 
moving  head  quickly.  These  symptoms  continued  through  d.  At 
8  p.m.,  took  i  gr,  2nd  dec.  tnt.  In  a  few  m.  dryness  of  fauces  seems  J 
extending  over  whole  mouth.  10,  head  feels  full  and  uncomfortable." 
12,  midnight,  sharp  pain  under  r.  eye,  with  slight  pain  in  temples  i 
head  hot  j  pupils  widely  dilated,  i  a.m.,  retired  and  slept  soundly  until 
morning,  loth,  7  a.m.,  head  feels  dull  and  unpleasant  i  pupils  still 
dilated;  dimness  of  vision  ;  dizziness  upon  moving  the  head  suddenly. 

6  p.m.,  slight    pain    in   anterior   superior   cerebral   region,  coming  on 
shortly  after  taking  drug,  continuing  through  n.  and  next  d.      mh. — 
Took  none  of  the  drug.     Dull  pain  in  head  continues,  with  diz2.iness 
upon  moving  suddenly,      12th. — Slight  pain  in   anterior  part  of  head 
through  d.     8  p.m.,  took  J  gr.   of  2nd  dec.     Dull  pain  in  eyes  and 
head;  pupils  dilated  ;  no  other  symptoms.      13th,  8  p.m.,  took  same* 
No  other  symptoms  than  slight  fulness  in  front  part  of  head  and  dila-J 
tation  of  pupils.      14th,  10  a.m.,  took  1  gr.  of  2nd  dec.     In  a  short  timci 
dryness    of   throat   and   feeling  of   pressure  in  anterior   and  superior 
cerebral   regions.      12,   m.,   numbness  of  fingers  and    partial    loss  of 
sensation;  cannot  tell   when  I    am  holding   small    objects  in  hand; 
hands  feel  dry  and  glossy  j  pupils  dilated  ;  cannot  see   to  read.     Afteq 
looking  at  objects  a  few  moments  they  become  indistinct  and  fadefroau 
view.     Dryness  of  the  throat  has  extended  over  entire  buccal  cavity  a 
mucous  membrane  of  lips  dry  and  parched  j  water  affords   no  rehcM 
Dizziness  when  attempting  to  walk  i  mouth  very  dry,  so  dry  that  upon 
inserting  the  finger  it  will  not  be  moistened.     Food  ail  tastes  alike,  like 
sawdust ;  tastes   dry   and   cannot   be  swallowed   except  by  washing  it 
down  with  some  liquid,  owing  to  the  deHciency  of  secretion  of  salivaJ 

7  p.m.,  all  symptoms  have  gradually  abated,  till  now  there  only  remainfl 
dull  heavy  pain  in  torehead,  shght  dilatation  of  pupils  and  dimness  om 
vision.  15th. — No  more  symptoms.  (Dr.  Hale's  provings,  '/V^^il 
ofN.K  State  Horn.  Med.  Soc.^  vi,  83.)  1 

2.  C.  S.  Fahenstock.  Temperament  nervo-bilious  \  health  good  J 
habits  regular ;  uses  little  tea  or  coffee  ;  does  not  use  alcohol  ^  pulsj| 
from  80  to  85.  Dec.  5th,  1867,  10.20  p.  m,,  in  usual  health,  pulse 
85  j  took  I  gr,  1st  dec.  tnt.  10.25,  P"^se  96.  JI.5,  took  \ 
grain  ist  dec.  trit.  Dryness  of  tongue  and  fauces  immediately  after 
taking  second  dose.  When  asked  to  protrude  tongue,  he  docs  ti 
with  difficulty  and  only  after  considerable  effort  j  cannot  move  the 
tongue  about  in   mouth  at  will.     Thick,  viscid    or  slimy   mucus  in 


ATROPINUM.  549 

mouth  ;  stoppage  of  secretion  of  saliva  ;  smoking  does  not  bring  any 
saliva  into  mouth  ;  pulse  124  ;  pupils  somewhat  dilated  ;  slight  sweetish 
taste  in  mouth.  11.30,  throbbing  in  temporal  regions  j  head  hot; 
pulse  130,  but  not  so  full ;  small  quantity  of  thick,  frothy,  white  sputa 
is  ejected  at  intervals  ;  slight  nausea ;  deep-seated  dull  pain  in  back  part 
of  eyes;  smoking  does  not  excite  any  flow  of  saliva  ;  hands  feel  smooth 
and  glossy  ;  pupils  considerably  dilated  ;  fauces  and  uvula  red ;  drops  of 
white  mucus  sticking  to  uvula ;  mouth  very  dry  ;  no  thirst ;  cannot  feel 
passage  of  water  through  mouth  or  throat  when  drinking  ;  pulse  113, 
not  so  full,  but  harder.  1 2',  m.,  slight  pain  in  temples  ;  dryness  of  mouth 
has  increased  and  now  extends  to  lips,  which  feel  dry  and  parched  ; 
food  is  tasteless;  pulse  100,  natural  in  character.  12.15,  pulse  104  ; 
some  vertigo ;  buccal  cavity  feels  hot ;  other  symptoms  the  same. 
12.30,  fell  asleep  while  lying  upon  sofa.  2.30,  awoke  very  dizzy, 
cannot  walk  across  the  floor,  but  stagger  toward  objects  for  support  ; 
same  slimy  taste  in  the  mouth  ;  can  see  but  little ;  pupils  considerably 
dilated,  but  contract  readily  under  the  influence  ©flight;  pulse  104; 
retired  for  n.  6th,  7  a.m.,  awoke  still  feeling  quite  dizzy  ;  was  restless 
and  uneasy  through  n.,  but  slept  a  considerable  part  of  the  time  ;  dull^ 
heavy,  aching  pain  in  eyelids,  not  severe.  Eyelids  feel  sore,  are  red  and 
congested  ;  pulse  86,  full  and  soft  ;  tongue  slightly  coated  white  ;  uvula 
red ;  thin  coating  of  viscid,  slimy,  white  mucus  over  entire  buccal 
cavity  ;  could  swallow  no  breakfast  on  account  of  deficiency  of  buccal 
secretions  to  moisten  food.  7.30,  can  drink  water  without  difliculty, 
but  it  produces  no  sensation  in  mouth  or  throat  except  slight  feeling  of 
coldness  ;  is  scarcely  aware  when  he  swallows  it.  Feels  drowsy  and  not 
inclined  to  speak  or  move  about.  8.30,  has  slept  most  of  time  since 
last  record  ;  took  i^  grains  ist  dec.  ;  walked  about  a  mile  to  college. 
Q.30,  pupils  a  great  deal  dilated ;  eyes  look  glassy  and  congested  ; 
eyelids  swollen  ;  tongue  thickly  coated  with  whitish  mucus ;  same 
numbness  and  partial  loss  of  sensation  in  fingers ;  feels  as  though  he 
were  holding  a  book  in  his  hands  which  he  is  afraid  he  will  drop  ;  upon 
taking  a  small  object,  as  a  pin^  into  his  hand,  it  appears  to  him  as  though 
there  were  five  or  six  of  them  ;  sensation  of  fulness  in  anterior  part  of 
brain  ;  mucous  membrane  of  nose  dry;  slight  nausea.  11.30,  pulse 
108  ;  tongue  trembles  when  protruded  from  mouth  ;  dilatation  of  pupils 
is  increasing ;  can  see  but  little  ;  some  vertigo.  12.30  p.m.,  during  last 
half  hour  has  had  several  slight  spasms  of  muscles  of  limbs  and  one  of 
entire  body.  1.30,  first  noticed  diplopia.  6,  mind  has  been  wander- 
ing a  considerable  part  of  time  through  afternoon  ;  often  thinks  he  is 
spoken  to  and  answers  imaginary  questions.  He  had  eructations  tasting 
like  yolk  of  eggs  at  intervals  through  d. ;  pupils  still  dilated ;  can  see 
but  little  ;  appears  dull  and  stupid.  8,  mouth  and  throat  are  becoming 
more  moist ;  slight  pain  in  eyes  still  continues  ;  it  is  as  if  eyeballs  were 
pressed  from  without  in  every  direction.  10,  pulse  normal ;  has  taken  a 
cup  of  strong  coffee ;  can  see  to  read  coarse  print  a  few  moments  at  a  time ; 
any  sudden  noise  startles  him ;  mouth  and  nose  quite  moist.  7th, 
8  a.m.,  has  had  profuse  urination  for  past  24  h. ;  excessive  secretion  of 
saliva ;  neuralgic  pains  commencing  under  1.  orbit  and  running  back  to 
ear,  lasting  perhaps  10  m.  at  a  time  and  then  disappearing  for  15  or  20  ; 


S50 


ATROPINUM. 


these  have  been  noticed  for  several  h.  ;  throat  feels  raw  and  trntited^ 
has  had  several  paroxysms  of  coughing,  caused  by  collection  of  mucfql 
in  throat,  occurring  once  in  15  or  30  m.,  attended  with  difficult  expec- 
toration of  a  thick,  tough  mucus  j  after  coughing,  burning  in  throat  i 
mucous  membrane  of  throat  slightly  darker  than  in  health,  and  presents 
a  mottled  appearance  j  pupils  are  still  dilated  ;  can  see  to  read  quite 
distinctly  for  a  few  moments,  after  which  letters,  words  and  lines  run 
together  and  become  indistinct.     No  more  symptoms  were  notice' 
proverwas  absent-minded  at  intervals  for  several  d.,  and  found  dit^ 
in  fixing  his  mind  upon  any  subject  for  more  than  a  few  m.  at  a  time. 

3.  C.  H.  Chamberlain,  constitution  good  ^  habits  regular  i  sanguine 
temperament  i  seldom  uses  stimulants  of  any  kind.  Dec,  6th,  J 867. — 
In  usual  health  ;  pulse  72.  10.45  a.m.,  took  2  gr,  ist  dec.  trit 
10.50,  pupils  have  commenced  to  dilate.  Ii,  pulse  80  i  flushed  fitce  j 
burning  in  face  ;  slight  vertigo  and  pressure  in  temples,  with  little  or  no 
pain.  11,20,  pulse  116  i  tongue  and  mouth  dry  j  considerable  vertigo, 
particularly  upon  turning  head  suddenly  i  feeling  of  warmth  as  of  a  gIo« 
through  thoracic  region,  n.4.0,  pulse  considerably  dilated;  vertig 
increasing,  12,  m*,  pulse  112;  mouth  and  tongue  very  dry,  with  great^ 
difficulty  in  swallowing.  Same  symptoms  continued  with  little  change 
till  6  o'clock,  when  prover  took  a  light  supper,  having  to  wash  each 
mouthful  of  food  down  with  water,  being  unable  to  moisten  it  otherwise 
on  account  of  deficiency  of  saliva.  For  the  past  2  h.  has  had  occasionil 
spasms  of  voluntary  muscles,  particularly  those  of  extremities.  7  p.m., 
retired.  10,  has  been  nervous  and  wakeful  for  the  last  3  h.  ;  hurried  from 
bed  and  vomited  profusely  ;  easy  vomiting  of  a  watery  fluid,  tastin 
bitter  at  first,  nearly  tasteless  afterwards  j  during  vomiting,  very  seve 
sticking  pains  in  umbilical  region  ;  vomited  about  5  m.  and  theii 
staggered  back  to  bed,  ii,  another  similar  attack  of  vomiting;  very 
slight  pain  in  temples  and  eyes ;  eyes  feel  swollen,  and  pain  iti  eyes  and 
temples  slightly  increases  with  each  pulsation  of  heart.  12,  hurried  frotn 
bed  by  urgent  desire  to  stool,  followed  by  very  copious  watery  stool 
coming  with  a  gush.  This  stool  relieved  pain  in  umbilical  re; 
2  a,m,,  another  copious  stool.  3>fell  asleep.  7,  arose  and  immcdu;^,, 
had  another  copious,  watery  stool*  During  n.  had  following  symptoms  : 
Spectral  illusions  ;  picking  at  bedclothes  as  if  searching  for  somcthin 
lost,  with  confused  mutterings  ;  tongue  thick,  cannot  articuUo 
distinctly ;  bright  flashes  before  eyes  immediately  upon  closing  thca 
At  times,  while  it  seemed  to  him  that  he  was  fully  conscious,  sal 
persons  at  bedside  and  slowly  reached  out  to  grasp  them,  but  his  hand 
would  pass  through  the  object,  and  no  sense  of  touch  tell  him  that  there 
was  any  material  in  the  apparition  ;  saw  books  and  newspapers  and  tried 
to  grasp  these,  but  they  would  either  recede  or  hand  would  come  in 
contact  with  them  and  feel  nothing.  8,  ate  a  light  breakfast ;  throat 
has  been  quite  sore  for  the  past  6  h. ;  pain  upon  swallowing*  11,  j  ~ 
has  had  slight  veitigo  at  intervals  during  forenoon  ;  pupils  still  dilate 
with  diplopia  ;  upon  looking  at  a  newspaper,  letters  seem  to  expand  and 
Contract  with  each  pulsation  of  heart ;  can  read  but  little.  1  p.m» 
secretion  of  saliva  normal ;  symptoms  all  better.     After  this  no  oew 


ATROPINUM.  SSI 

symptoms  were  noted,  but  prover  continued  absent-minded  at  intervals 
for  nearly  a  week  afterwards.     {Ibid.) 

4.  J.  M.  Smith,  nervo-sanguine  temperament,  light  complexion, 
blue  eyes  ;  habits  regular ;  takes  but  little  active  exercise,  labour  being 
chiefly  mental.  Dec.  loth,  1867. — In  usual  health;  pulse  78.  11 
a.m.,  took  2  gr.  ist  dec.  trit.  11.30,  pulse  68;  slight  feeling  of 
fulness  in  throat.  1 1.45,  pulse  130.  12,  m.,  pulse  136  ;  heart's  action 
greatly  increased.  12.15,  pulse  138.  12.30,  dined;  had  great  diffi- 
culty in  swallowing  food  on  account  of  non-secretion  of  saliva ;  food 
will  remain  in  mouth  for  minutes  without  becoming  moistened  in  the 
least ;  eyes  considerably  congested,  but  pupils  have  scarcely  commenced 
to  dilate ;  slight  pressure  in  temples ;  feels  better  sitting  or  standing 
than  lying  down ;  vertigo  caused  by  turning  head  quickly  ;  feels  dull 
and  not  inclined  to  move  about  or  to  converse ;  feeling  in  head  as 
though  temples  were  being  pressed  from  without ;  pressure  worse  on  r. 
sidS.  Tip  and  edges  of  tongue  light  red ;  tongue  trembles  when  pro- 
truded from  mouth  ;  pulse  132  ;  head  feels  hot ;  everything  tastes  salt. 
1. 15,  pulse  112  lying  down.  Pulse  has  been  taken  until  now  when 
prover  was  standing.  1.30,  pulse  112  ;  mouth  not  so  dry  ;  hands  hot 
and  dry.  2,  pulse  112.  2.30,  pulse  112  ;  is  hot  and  feverish  ;  pupils 
dilating ;  urine  passed  slowly  and  increased  in  quantity.  5.30,  pupils 
more  dilated  ;  pulse  102  ;  other  symptoms  same  ;  prover  has  appeared 
dull  and  stupid  all  afternoon.  6  p.m.,  ate  light  supper,  having  to  wash 
food  down  with  water;  cannot  estimate  distances  correctly;  when 
asked  to  put  his  hand  upon  an  object  within  his  reach,  he  either 
reaches  too  far  or  not  far  enough  ;  considerable  vertigo ;  looks  and  acts 
as  if  he  had  been  on  a  ^^  spree ;"  pulse  96,  full  and  soft,  has  been  full 
and  soft  for  several  h.  ;  throat  feels  raw  and  sore.  8,  has  dull,  bruised 
feeling  in  temples,  and  within  past  10  m.  severe  pain  in  1.  eyeball ;  eyes 
and  lids  feel  sore  to  touch  ;  pupils  dilated ;  cannot  see  to  read ;  pulse 
76,  soft.  9,  pulse  76  ;  soreness  of  throat  increasing  till  quite  hoarse. 
10,  pulse  76.  II,  pulse  76.  12,  m.,  pulse  60 ;  has  had  slight  jacti- 
tation of  muscles  of  leg ;  when  he  closes  his  eyes  mind  becomes 
confused  and  he  sees  all  sorts  of  spectres.  At  12.30,  retired.  7.30 
a,m.,  arose  feeling  weary  and  unrefreshed ;  was  very  restless  through  n. ; 
dreamed  of  running  horses,  of  playing  base  ball,  of  amputating  a  man's 
leg ;  saw  dim,  shadowy  forms  sitting  or  standing  by  bedside  or  moving 
in  air ;  same  dull  pressure  in  temples  continues,  but  with  no  headache. 
Eyes  a  good  deal  congested,  but  pupils  are  not  nor  have  they  been 
much  dilated ;  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  dark  red  ;  throat  sore  ; 
mouth  not  so  dry  as  last  night ;  slight  vertigo ;  was  awakened  several 
times  in  n.  by  spasmodic  jerkings  of  muscles  of  legs.  No  more 
prominent  symptoms,  Prover  was  dull  and  disinclined  to  study  for 
several  days.     {Ibid.) 

5,  a.  If  gr.  y4^  to  -Y^  be  injected  beneath  the  skin  of  a  person  in 
health,  we  shall  observe,  after  10  or  20  m.,an  acceleration  of  the  pulse, 
and  generally  a  slight  increase  in  volume  and  power.  If  the  pulse  was 
previously  slow  and  feeble,  or  intermitting,  the  change  will  be  ver^f 
decided.  The  acceleration  will  generally  amount  to  20  beats  am.;  it 
will  take  place  suddenly,  and  attain  its  maximum  within  i  or  2  m. 


554 


^ROf^INUM, 


After  being  maintained  for  half  an  hour,  a  gradual  decline  takes  place, 
Land  the  heart  soon  returns  to  its  usual  state,  and  continues  to  beat  aj 
Iquiclcly  and  powerfully  as  before.  Just  as  the  pulse  rises^  a  slight 
giddiness  is  often  perceptible.  Usually  these  will  be  the  whole  of  the 
symptoms  j  but  in  weak  and  delicate  adults  a  feeling  of  dryness  ot 
mouth  and  throaty  and,  at  the  end  of  an  h.  or  two,  a  slight  diUtition 
of  the  pupil  in  a  subdued  light,  will  be  superadded, 

b.  When  gr.  -^^  is  used,  the  acceleration  of  pulse  will  usually 
amount  to  25  beats  ;  the  anterior  part  of  the  tongue  and  hard  palace 
will  be  generally  dry  j  and  about  the  tip  of  the  tongue  the  dryness  will 
often  be  so  complete  as  to  render  this  part  parched,  rough,  and  browo. 
At  the  end  of  2  h.,  the  pupils  will  have  dilated  from  yV"  to  y\ 

c.  After  the  use  of  gr.  ^^  the  acceleration  of  pulse  will  be  found  lo 
range  between  20  and  60  beats  in  different  individuals.  The  rue  11 
attended  by  considerable  giddiness  and  wavrness  of  the  vision.  The 
patient  walks  cautiously,  and  with  an  inclination  to  unsteadincsis. 
After  20  or  40  m.  he  will  complain,  with  some  huskiness  of  voice,  of 
great  dryness  of  throat  and  mouth  ;  and  the  anterior  part  of  the 
tongue,  or  the  whole  of  the  dorsum,  will  be  found  dry,  brom^n,  and 
rough.  The  hard  and  (in  many  persons)  soft  palate  also  will  be 
perfectly  dry  and  glazed.  There  will  be  more  or  less  somnolency,  and 
sometimes  a  little  flushing  of  the  face.  The  dilatation  of  the  pupils  will 
amount  to  |"  or  y,  according  as  they  measured  the  y\j"  or  ^"  previously, 

d.  The  effects  of  gr,  ^  are  as  follows: — After  10  or  15  m., 
acceleration  of  pulse  from  20  to  70  beats ;  no  apparent  change  in 
volume,  but  a  decided  increase  in  the  force  of  the  cardiac  contractions 
and  of  the  arterial  tone  ;  a  general  diffusion  of  warmth,  a  slight  throb- 
bing or  heaving  sensation  in  the  carotids,  and  a  feeling  of  pressure 
under  the  parietal  bones  ;  giddiness,  heavmess,  drowsiness,  or  actual 
sleep,  with  a  great  tendency  to  dreamy  delirium,  and,  in  women^ slight 
occasional  startings ;  complete  dryness  of  the  tongue,  roof  of  the 
mouth,  and  soft  palate,  extending  more  or  less  down  the  pharynx  and 
larynx,  rendering  the  voice  husky,  and  often  inducing  dry  cough  and 
difficulty  of  deglutition  ;  a  parched  state  of  the  lips,  occasional  dryness 
of  mucous  membranes  of  nose  and  eyes,  and  increasing  dilatation  of 
pupils.  After  continuing  about  2  h.,  the  dryness  of  mouth  is  suddenly 
relieved  by  the  appearance  of  a  viscid  acid  secretion  of  an  offensive 
odour,  like  the  sweat  of  the  feet.  The  mouth  becomes  foul  and 
clammy,  and  a  bitter  coppery  taste  is  complained  of.  As  moisture  thus 
returns  to  the  mouth,  the  pulse  is  observed  to  fall,  and  it  now  rapidly 
resumes  its  ordinary  rate  and  character.  At  this  time  the  pupils  have 
reached  their  maximum  dilatation,  and  measure  about  ^"  ;  but  when 
exposed  to  the  brightest  light,  they  will  still  contract  to  i,*  ^,or  even  ^'', 
according  to  their  original  size.  During  the  action  of  the  medicine 
there  will  be  a  slight  elevation  of  the  temperature  of  the  surface,  mnrly 
exceeding  1°,  and  a  still  slighter  and  less  appreciable  rise  of  theiiuernil 
temperature  of  the  body.  No  difference  will  be  observed  in  the  rate 
of  respiration,  except  (as  may  happen  in  a  nervous  woman)  a  little 
^motional  excitement  on  the  sudden  accession  of  the  giddine^.      The 

♦  So  triven  In   Or   HiiI*  \ ,  l.iir  thr  discrepancy  1*.  apparcnr  — Fni 


ATROPINUM.  553 

patient  occasionally  heaves  a  deep  sigh,  and  still  oftener  takes  a  pro- 
longed yawn,  as  he  sits  still  in  a  dull,  apathetic,  or  drowsy  condition. 
After  the  pulse  has  resumed  its  ordinary  rate,  and  the  mouth  has 
moistened,  the  giddiness  and  drowsiness  pass  ofF,  and  the  patient 
appears  tolerably  lively  and  brisk  in  mind  and  body.  But  he  will  him- 
self continue  to  feel  for  some  h.  longer  such  languor  of  body  and  mind 
as  will  render  him  disinclined  for,  or  even  incapable  of,  active  bodily  or 
mental  exertion.  A  little  dimness  of  vision  also  remains,  and  the 
patient  is  unable  to  thread  a  needle,  or  even  to  read. 

e.  The  ^th  of  a  grain  reproduces,  in  the  young  and  robust,  the 
effects  last  described  a  little  intensified  and  prolonged.  .  .  .  The 
mucous  layer  of  the  tongue  will  become  completely  dry,  brown,  and 
hard  ;  the  hard  and  soft  palates,  arches  of  the  fauces  and  uvula,  and 
back  of  the  pharynx,  dry  and  glazed,  so  that  the  moveable  parts  are 
wrinkled  as  often  as  the  muscular  tissue  contracts.  .  .  .  The 
dryness  persists  to  some  extent  for  many  h. ;  and  if  the  patient  sleeps 
he  is  troubled  with  dreams,  and  at  intervals  disturbed  by  a  start.  A 
fancied  noise  is  a  common  cause  of  awakening,  and  at  these  times  the 
patient  generally  manifests  a  little  delirium. 

f.  The  ^^  of  a  grain  produces  symptoms  of  much  the  same  intensity 
as  the  ^,  but  the  cerebral  effects  will  be  slightly  increased  ;  and  if  the 
patient  be  weakened  by  disease,  or  be  unusually  susceptible  of  the  action 
of  the  medicine,  instead  of  sleep  there  will  be  a  little  meddlesome 
delirium,  and  he  will  require  attention  to  prevent  him  from  getting  out 
of  bed.  He  will  have  little  or  no  inclination  for  sleep,  and  will  pro- 
bably be  busily  influenced  by  pleasing  illusions  and  delusions,  meddlfng 
with  everything  in  his  way,  picking  at  and  handling  imaginary  objects 
in  the  air,  and  accompanying  his  acts  by  muttering  and  smiling,  or  with 
loud  chattering,  interrupted  by  subdued  laughter. 

g.  The  following  were  the  effects  ofgr.  ^  : — S.  M — ,  able-bodied 
man,  act.  49,  well  save  for  facial  neuralgia.  Pulse  78,  resp.  20,  tongue 
clean  and  moist,  pupils^.''  After  20  m.  pulse  no,  unchanged  in 
volume  and  power;  resp.  20.  Hard  palate  and  anterior  part  of  tongue 
and  soft  palate  dry,  but  not  parched  or  glazed.  Pupils  V\  Felt  sleepv 
and  a  little  giddy,  but  walked  steadily.  After  i  h.,  pulse  108^ 
unchanged  ;  resp.  20.  Dorsum  of  tongue  dry  and  parched,  and  entire 
roof  of  mouth  and  velum  of  palate  dry  and  glazed.  Pupils  J".  Con- 
tinued giddy,  but  walked  steadily,  though  slowly  and  cautiously  ;  was 
greatly  inclined  for  sleep,  but  had  not  slept.  Gaped  very  often,  and 
said  he  should  soon  be  asleep  if  he  were  in  bed.  There  was  no  ten- 
dency to  delirium,  and  perfect  freedom  from  nervousness  and  restlessness. 
Skin  naturally  cool  and  moist.  After  2  h.,  pulse  98,  diminished  in 
volume  and  power,  but  still  quite  regular ;  resp.  20,  regular,  mouth 
as  parched  as  before,  voice  husky.  Pupils  between  ^  and  ^"  \  slight 
injection  of  conjunctival  membrane.  Had  slept,  and  continued  very 
drowsy.  Was  entirely  free  from  nervous  symptoms,  and  stated  that  he 
was  quite  able  to  walk  home,  a  distance  of  a  mile.  He  did  so  at  this 
time  ;  but  when  he  reached  the  house  he  could  not  put  the  key  into 
the  door,  ^^  because  he  felt  so  stupid  and  shaky  in  the  hand,''  and  had  to 
seek  assistance.     Went  to  bed  and  slept  heavily  all  n.     The  throat  and 


554 


ATROPINUM. 


mouth  were  very  dry  in  the  m.j  but  this  passed  off  after  breakfast,  aud 
there  were  no  after-effects. 

A,  If  larger  doses  be  given  there  will  be  superadded  a  distressing 
fluttering  sensation  in  the  cardiac  region  j  exquisite  sensibility  of 
hearing  and  frequent  illusions  of  this  sense ;  staggering  or  complete 
inability  to  walk  j  insomnia,  restlessness,  and  frequently  great  nervous 
agitation  of  mind  and  body,     (Harley,  6p.  cit,^  p.  202,) 

6.  ScHROFF.  From  0*005  gramme  -^  o"o68  grain,  in  two  persons. 
After  15  m.,  headache,  spreading  from  middle  of  frontal  region*  After 
30  m,,  slight  dilatation  of  pupils.  After  40  m.  the  skin  became  very 
dry  and  hot,  with  general  sensation  of  biting  and  tickling  as  from 
vermin.  The  dryness  extended  to  the  mucous  membrane  of  mouth 
and  fauces,  and  became  so  intense  that  swallowing  was  impossible. 
Pulse  fell  at  first  10  beats,  but  soon  commenced  to  rise,  and  in  \\  h, 
was  quickened  by  40  beats.  At  the  same  time  there  was  great  weakness 
of  the  muscular  movements,  which  increased  to  a  transient  but  pretty 
general  trembling,  so  that  the  gait  became  staggering  like  that  of  a 
tipsy  person.  After  i  J  h.  there  occurred  symptoms  of  great  excitement, 
restlessness,  tendency  to  do  everything  hurriedly,  lastly  quarrelsomeness, 
so  that  the  two  provcrs  (who  were  in  the  same  room)  began  to  wrestle 
and  fight  with  one  another,  which  they  had  never  before  had  a  tendency 
to  do.  7^he  after-effects  lasted  three  days,  and  consisted  of  continued 
dilatation  of  pupils,  weariness  of  limbs,  disinclination  for  mental  work, 
and  attacks  of  sense  of  coldness  along  the  spine.  The  digestion  was 
unimpaired,  and  the  urinary  secretion  was  not  increased,  in  spite  of 
the  dryness  of  the  skin.     {Lehrb,  der  Phann,^  p.  495.) 

7.  a.  ^th  da,  trit, — 20th  March,  1859,  at  10  p.m.  took  3  grs,  N. 
full  of  dreams. — 21st.  In  m.  felt  fatigued,  head  confused  as  after 
a  ball  night  or  a  night  when  much  disturbed  by  cases  ;  soon  went  off 
in  open  air.  No  pleasure  in  reading  or  writing. — 22nd.  At  10  p.m. 
3  grs.  Many  frightful  dreams,  which  woke  him  3  times.  They  were 
unconnected  and  related  to  being  murdered,  falling  from  a  height  into 
an  abyss,  attacked  by  big  dogs,  &c.  In  m.  very  exhausted,  un- 
willing to  get  up,  lay  in  a  dreamy  half  sleep.  Head  confused,  heavy, 
inclined  to  go  to  bed  again  after  having  dressed.  All  d.  cross,  quarrel- 
some, nobody  could  do  anything  right  for  him.  Mere  trifles  excited 
his  anger.  App.  not  affected.  Though  constantly  hungry,  no  relish 
of  food,  felt  soon  satiated,  food  was  tasteless-  Thirst  increased.  Urine 
clear,  equal  to  fluid  imbibed.  Stool  as  usual.  N.  between  zjnl  i 
and  24th  quieter,  though  not  dreamless.  All  d,  weary  and  dejected. 
Next  n.  quiet,  sleep  refreshing,  quite  well  during  d,,  except  unusual 
thirst. — 25th,  10  p.m.,  5  gr.  Soon  fell  asleep,  dreamt  much,  and  woke 
frequently  in  consequence.  Unwilling  to  get  up.  Head  confused, 
could  be  kept  up  with  difficulty.  Fine  painful  stitches  over  forehead  i 
and  temples  occurring  every  4  to  10  m.  and  lasting  from  a  few  seconds 
to  I  m.  Disinclination  for  all  work.  Very  cross,  great  inclination  to 
scold  and  quarrel,  internal  restlessness,  changing  to  great  anxiety,  con* 
stant  hunger,  and  the  oftener  he  ate  the  worse  it  l^came.  Loathing 
at  meat  and  beer  j  drinking  beer  caused  feelingof  emptiness  in  stomach 
and  painful   pressure  there.     These  symptoms  continued  during  ibc 


ATROPINUM.  555 

whole  proving.  Desire  for  salt  food,  e,  g,  sardines,  salt  herring, 
smoked  meat,  &c. — 26th.  No  med.  Same  symptoms,  only  milder. — 
29th,  9.30  a.m.,  took  5  gr.  During  d.  nothing  except  increased 
thirst  and  urine,  and  same  stomach  symptoms.  In  e.  premature  sleepi- 
ness, must  go  to  bed  at  8.30,  could  not  sleep,  heard  every  noise,  but 
did  not  open  eyes.  Dreamt  that  he  was  in  a  forest  and  pursued  by 
snakes,  sought  to  run  away,  but  could  not  go  fast,  the  snakes  overtook 
him,  twisted  round  his  body,  could  not  get  rid  of  them  ;  or  saw  a  ball 
on  the  table  which  quickly  grew  so  big  that  the  room  could  not  hold 
it  and  it  seemed  to  press  on  him  ;  or  the  walls  of  the  room  seemed  to 
separate  and  the  house  about  to  fall  down  ;  or,  clad  only  in  his  shirt, 
he  got  to  a  place  where  no  people  were,  and  as  several  persons  approached 
him  he  sought  to  run  away,  but  could  not,  being  paralysed,  &c.  These 
dreams  tired  him  much  ;  woke  with  a  scream.  During  these  dreams  he 
lay  quite  still,  only  occasionally  sighing. — 30th.  Woke  with  confused 
head,  severe  vertigo  increased  on  rising  up  in  bed,  staggering,  nearly  fell 
twice,  shooting  pains  at  base  of  skull,  especially  above  eyes,  at  every 
movement  and  especially  on  walking.  In  open  air  felt  as  if  head  were 
screwed,  and  walking  caused  the  most  acute  shooting  pains  in  head. 
These  symptoms  grew  better  about  1 1  a.m.  and  went  off  by  e.  The 
stomach  symptoms  lasted  till  2nd  April,  when  he  took  5  grs.  All  d. 
felt  inward  coldness  and  outward  burning  heat  of  whole  body.  At  6 
p.m. was  hot  all  over,  anxiety  and  restlessness,  could  not  remain  in  one 
place;  hurried  home  dreading  some  misfortune,  alternated  between 
open  air  and  house.  Went  to  bed  at  7.30,  could  not  get  to  sleep  before 
1 1  y  tossed  about^  palpitation  of  heart  that  could  be  sttn  and  felt, 
indescribable  anxiety  as  if  he  had  committed  a  crime.  N.  full  of 
dreams^  often  wakened  by  sudden  stretching  out  of  legs.  Awoke 
next  m.  with  weight  and  confusion  of  head,  vertigo  on  raising 
himself  up  with  darkness  before  eyes  ;  then  vomiting  of  green  bitter 
fluids  whereafter  head  was  relieved.  Weak  in  open  air.  N.  again  full 
of  dreams,  but  sleep  more  refreshing.  Took  no  med.  till  i6th  April. 
Sleep  was  not  so  refreshing  as  before  the  proving.  The  excessive  thirst 
went  ofF  the  6th  d.,  the  mcreased  urine  lasted  till  nth  April.  The 
stomach  pains  continued  always  slightly. 

b,  yddic.trit, — 1 6th  April,  8  a.m.  4  grs.  of  this  trit.  repeated  every 
4th  d.  No  symptoms  in  the  d.  £.,  giddy  confusion  of  head,  alter- 
nating with  excited  fancy,  great  weariness  of  all  the  body  and  some- 
times tinnitus  aurium.  Sleepless  till  i  a.m.,  then  frightful  dreams, 
objects  of  a  round  or  oval  shape  seemed  to  be  elongated.  The  faces 
of  people  seemed  to  be  as  long  vertically  as  all  the  rest  of  the  body, 
the  prominent  features,  as  nose  and  chin,  seemed  very  long  and  their 
extreme  outline  nebulous.  This  lasted  some  h.  On  waking  at 
3.30  a.m.  these  phantasms  still  floated  before  him,  but  did  not  recur 
on  again  going  to  sleep.  The  pupils  next  m.  were  very  large 
and  the  iris  very  sluggish.  The  appearances  in  the  dreams  were 
renewed  in  a  slighter  degree  by  d.  All  faces  appeared  somewhat  longer, 
especially  the  ears,  which  looked  as  long  as  donkeys'  ears.  A  round 
rubber-ball  and  plates  had  an  oval  shape.  About  10  p.m.  this  deception 
ceased.     After  midday  meal  vomited  food.     A  glass  of  beer  at  supper 


556 


ATROPINUM. 


caused  contractive  pam  in  stomach, com  pelting  him  to  sic  dawn,  increased 

by  walking.  Frequent  eructation  of  air,  without  nausea.  This  pain 
continued  to  increase  and  only  went  oft' after  3  h.  Thirst  and  urine 
perceptibly  increased.  Next  n.  quieter  and  on  18th  April  well— 
19th.  Dry  tickling  cough  (attributed  to  catching  cold). — ^aoth.  Re- 
peated the  dose.  Cough  increased  and  was  more  fatiguing ;  occurred 
periodically,  was  dry  without  expectoration,  with  sore  feeling  in  throat 
and  pressure  on  chest.  N.  troubled  with  dreams,  frequent  waking 
from  sudden  stretching  out  of  limbs.  Woke  next  m.  with  painful 
shooting  in  I.  temporal  region  extending  to  behind  ear  and  hardly 
allowing  1.  eye  to  be  opened  ;  this  went  oft*  after  being  some  time  tn 
open  air.  No  return  of  headache.  Cough  increased  so  much  that  the 
attempt  to  speak,  or  the  tobacco  smoke  of  a  passer-by,  brought  it  on 
immediately.  After  taking  hep,  and  phos.  for  six  days  this  went  oflF. 
—  1st  May.  Resumed  proving,  but  took  8  grains.  At  6  p.m.  constant 
choking  in  throat,  followed  by  impossibility  to  swallow,  with  feeling  as 
if  someone  grasped  his  larynx.  This  symptom  alarmed  him  and  he 
took  bell,  15,  and  applied  cold  compress  to  head,  which  was  very  hot, 
and  went  to  bed.  About  9  p.m.  breathed  freely  and  could  swallow. — 
loth  iVlay.  When  cough  had  gone,  took  3  grs.  The  symptoms  were 
similar.  During  the  whole  proving  had  stool  only  every  two  to  four 
d.,  usually  daily.  The  cutaneous  temperature  varied  often  ;  sometimes 
ftu?»hes  of  heat,  sometimes  cold  down  back;  the  cold  predominated. 
Was  either  :jad,  dejected,  in  constant  anxiety  and  restlessness,  antici- 
pating misfortune,  or  very  angry  and  fond  of  solitude  i  seldom  any  j 
cheerfulness,  P.  not  much  affected,  normally  60 ;  it  was  generally  at 
that  figure  ;  it  once  rose  to  g6,  and  one  day  was  88.  1  he  respira- 
tion, normally  20,  occasionally  but  seldom  went  up  to  2.^,  26,  and  once 
27.  The  urinary  secretion  was  in  proportion  to  the  fluid  drunk* 
(KiDHEHR,  Jltg.  horn.  Z^/V.,lx.) 

8.  Kafka. — I  am  forty-six  years  of  age,  of  robust  constitution,  and  am 
Jnot  subject  to  any  other  disease  than  muscular  and  articular  rheumatism,  i 
On  September  12th,  1855,  at  10  a.m.,  2  h.  after  breakfast,  which 
consisted  of  two  cups  of  coftee  and  bread,  I  took  gr.  -^  of  sulphate  of 
A.  In  15  m.  after  I  felt  an  uneasy  sensation  in  the  stomach,  accom- 
panied with  frequent  empty  eructations,  affording  no  relief.  The 
uneasiness,  which  gradually  became  associated  with  nausea  and  retchings 
increased  to  a  pressing,  slicking,  and  contractive  pain,  accompani^ 
with  frequent  empty  eructations.  This  spasm  of  the  stomach,  which 
was  attended  with  paleness  of  the  face,  slight  perspiration,  ringing  in 
the  ears,  and  an  aching  pain  in  the  forehead,  lasted  until  noon,  when  it 
was  succeeded  by  a  gradually  increasing  feeling  of  dryness  of  the  mouth 
and  throat,  becoming  so  great  by  I  o'clock  that  I  could  not  speak  a 
word,  and  my  tongue  was  nearly  adherent  to  the  roof  of  my  moutb. 
After  taking  a  glass  of  water  the  sensation  of  dryness  and  general 
feeling  of  illness  gradually  left  me,  and  by  2  o'clock  all  the  osorbid 
symptoms  (excepting  the  dilatation  of  the  pupils,  which  supervened  with 
the  gastric  pains,  and  which  lasted  2  d.  longer,  together  wHth  some 
paleness  of  the  face)  had  entirely  disappeared.     On  the  i8th,  ajid  again 


ATROPINUM.  557 

on  the  25th,  I  repeated  the  experiment  with  exactly  the  same  result. 
{Ihid.,]i\,  J  78.) 

9.  Dr.  R.  Percy  took  gr.  -^  of  sulphate  of  A.  in  an  ounce  of 
water.  It  had  a  distinct  persistently  bitter  taste,  and  produced  a  numb 
sensation  upon  the  tongue,  somewhat  similar  to,  though  less  in  degree 
than,  that  produced  by  aconite.  In  about  10  m.  it  produced  a  sense 
of  nausea,  which  continued  to  increase  until  an  effort  was  made  to 
vomit,  but,  although  this  occurred  several  times,  nothing  was  thrown 
up.  To  this  intense  thirst  succeeded,  and  a  frontal  headache,  relieved 
by  closing  the  eyes.  Next  a  dryness  was  felt  in  the  throat,  and  the 
tongue  and  mouth  felt  dry  and  feverish.  These  symptoms  were  not 
relieved,  and  only  mitigated  for  a  short  time,  by  drinking  water.  The 
dryness  of  throat  increased,  and  was  persistent  for  several  h.,  causing  at 
first  almost  constant  deglutition,  but  towards  the  last  a  strong  effort  to 
avoid  deglutition,  which  had  become  painful.  During  the  first  2  h.  the 
pulse  was  less  frequent,  but  afterwards  became  smaller  and  more  rapid. 
The  eyes  soon  lost  all  control  of  distance,  a  printed  book  held  at  the 
usual  distance  was  a  perfect  blur ;  held  a  long  way  off  letters  could  be 
distinguished,  but  the  words,  upon  looking  at  them,  soon  ran  into  con- 
fusion ;  objects  at  a  distance  could  be  plainly  seen,  even  a  little  more 
plainly  than  usual  (hyperopia) ;  but  near  objects,  though  for  a  moment 
distinguished,  soon  lost  their  distinctness.  A  numb  or  crawling  sensa- 
tion, a  formication,  was  felt  down  the  back,  upon  the  arms  and  back  of 
the  hands.  This  formication  was  intense  and  very  unpleasant  upon  the 
palate.  Light  became  unpleasant  to  the  eyes,  causing  pain  deep  in  the 
eyeballs.  Motion  became  unpleasant,  and  if  the  feet  were  lifted  in 
walking  the  floor  seemed  to  recede  from  them  before  they  again  were 
put  down.  A  sliding  of  the  feet  along  the  floor  seemed  to  be  the  only 
safe  way  of  locomotion.  The  head  began  to  be  dizzy,  and  from  fear 
of  falling  it  was  necessary  to  be  seated  in  an  easy  chair.  Thirst  at  this 
time  was  very  great,  but  only  little  water  could  be  taken  at  a  time,  as 
the  effort  of  swallowing  was  unpleasant.  A  languid  feeling  came  on  as 
the  semi-recumbent  position  was  assumed,  and  whether  sleep  accom- 
panied with  wild  fantastic  dreams,  or  waking  hallucinations,  followed^  it 
was  impossible  to  tell.  Whichever  they  were  they  were  exactly  the 
opposite  of  those  produced  by  cannabis  indica,  for  all  the  imaginations 
and  conversations  were  of  the  long  past,  none  of  the  future.  Whether 
there  was  total  blindness,  or  merely  an  imagination  of  blindness,  could 
not  be  remembered  j  but  if  there  was  blindness  to  the  external  eye,  the 
mind  saw  all  its  images  with  great  distinctness,  and  the  impress  of  them 
was  left  with  vividness.  There  was  consciousness  of  individuality,  but 
the  actions  were  performed  by  others,  who  were  embodied  spirits  of 
those  long  since  departed.  Lengthy  conversations  of  a  most  pleasant 
character  were  held  with  Plato,  Alcibiades,  Aspasia,  and  others.  How 
long  this  state  lasted  cannot  be  told,  but  sound  profound  sleep  must 
have  followed,  for  consciousness  to  external  objects  did  not  return  till 
16  h.  after  taking  the  A.  Awaking  took  place  suddenly  ;  there  was  no 
pain,  no  headache,  nothing  abnormal  but  languor  and  disturbed  vision. 
The  bladder  had  not  been  emptied  during  these  16  h.,  and  although  a 
large  quantity  of  water  had  been  drunk,  but  a  moderate  quantity  of 


SS8 


ATROPINUM. 


urine  was  passed.     The  vision  was  not  clear  for  several  days,     {N,  K 
Med.  Journ,y  viii,  254.). 

II,  Poisonings.  I,  a.  At  9  o'clock  on  Sunday  m»  my  second  child,  a 
hearty  little  boy  three  years  and  eight  months  old,  was  brought  to  my 
bedroom  by  the  nurse,  who  said  she  did  not  know  what  was  the  matter 
with  him,  but  he  seemed  very  giddy  and  could  not  stand.  Her  account 
was  that,  hearing  what  she  supposed  to  be  quarrelling  between  him  andj 
his  brother,  who  were  alone  together  in  the  break  last-room  awaiting  ou^ 
assembling  at  breakfast,  she  took  him  into  the  kitchen,  and  on  setting 
him  on  his  feet  he  fell  down.  She  lifted  him  up,  and  told  him  to  run 
along,  but  he  again  fell,  and  appeared  to  have  no  power  of  standing. 
On  observing  this  she  immediately  brought  him  up  to  me, 

b.  His  face  was  at  this  time  flushed  and  mottled  with  white,  his 
eyes  brilliant,  and  his  manner  and  appearance  altogether  very  strangiM 
and  excited,  while  the  expression  of  his  countenance  was  quite  maniacali| 
He  was  evidently  unconscious,  and  very  irritable,  striking  his  mother 
when  she  took  him  from  the  nurse.  On  placing  him  on  the  bed  he 
immediately  began  to  pick  at  the  bedclothes,  and  to  grasp  at  imaginary 
objects.  [It  was  now  ascertained  that  he  had  had  access  to  a  room  in 
which  was  a  solution  of  A.  containing  nearly  half  a  grain,  and  that  this 
had  disappeared  from  the  vessel  containing  it,]  The  cause  of  the 
symptoms  was  but  too  apparent.  I  rushed  with  the  child  to  the  window, 
and  the  fully-dilated  pupils  at  once  confirmed  my  suspicion.  Dr. 
Finch  am  was  sent  for,  but  long  before  his  arrival,  and  in  about  5  m. 
after  the  discovery,  I  administered  20  grains  of  sulphate  of  zinc^andon 
the  arrival  of  the  doctor  some  mustard-and-watcr  also  was  given  ;  but 
f  h,  elapsed  from  the  giving  of  the  zinc  before  vomiting  took  place. 
The  quantity  o(  fluid  expelled  did  not  exceed  that  given  with  the  zinc, 
which  was  ejected  hy  one  effort ;  and  no  subsequent  retching  could  be 
produced  by  the  mustard -and -water. 

c.  As  no  more  vomiting  could  be  excited,  and  it  seemed  probable 
that  all  the  poison  which  was  not  absorbed  had  been  ejected,  stimulants 
were  had  recourse  to,  viz.  brandy-and-water,  ether,  and  ammonia  ^  one 
or  other  of  which  was  gi%'en  every  quarter  of  an  h. ;  there  was,  however, 
great  difficulty  in  getting  the  child  to  swallow,  each  attempt  to  do  so 
producing  paroxysms  of  suffocation,  which  appeared  to  threaten  his 
existence  ;  a  great  deal  of  what  was  put  into  the  mouth  was  thus 
wasted.  During  the  whole  of  the  time,  till  i  p,m,,  the  child  was  in- 
sensible ;  the  pupils  were  widely  dilated  and  immoveable,  the  eyes  open, 
and  the  lids  not  winking  on  passing  the  finger  in  front  of  them  ;  there 
was  occasional  jactitation  j  the  skin  was  pungently  hot  and  dry  and 
covered  with  a  rash  closely  resembling  that  of  scarlatina,  which  tbc 
child  was  frequently  scratching;  the  pulse  was  170,  and  somewhat 
feeble. 

d.  From  i  to  2  p*m.,  brandy-and-milk  was  givervfrom  time  to  time, 
an  enema  of  castor-oil  in  gruel  was  also  administered,  and  brought 
away  a  small  quantity  of  faeces.  He  vomited  once  during  this  period^ 
and  was  evidently  becoming  more  conscious  ^  he  made  efforts  to  speak, 
and  said  "  Papa*,"  his  face  was  less  red,  and  the  expression  more 
natyral. 


ATROPINUM.  559 

e.  From  2  to  5  p.m. — The  symptoms  during  this  period  exactly 
resembled  those  of  delirium  tremens.  There  was  incessant  rambling, 
great  restlessness,  a  grasping  at  imaginary  objects,  and  occasional 
screaming  from  fright.  The  character  of  the  delirium  varied  ;  some- 
times the  child  saw  objects  which  frightened  him,  and  the  utmost  terror 
was  depicted  on  his  countenance,  and  he  clung  to  his  nurse's  neck,  or 
threw  himself  violently  in  different  directions,  as  if  to  escape  them. 
This  kind  of  delirium  prevailed  chiefly  at  the  commencement  of  this 
period  ;  towards  the  latter  half  the  delusions  were  of  a  more  pleasurable 
kind,  his  talking  was  more  intelligible,  he  mentioned  the  name  of  his 
brother,  his  nurse,  and  "  mamma,"  and  grasped  at  his  toys.— as  his 
whistle,  which  he  blew  in  imagination,  and  he  drew  imaginary  sketches 
with  his  pencil,  and  was  very  busy  two  or  three  times  in  poking  into 
his  mouth  and  eating  imaginary  currants,  &c. 

f.  From  this  time  gradually  improvement  occurred.  At  6  p.m.  the 
pulse  had  fallen  to  144,  and  the  skin  grew  less  hot  and  red.  He  could 
not  see  his  father,  but  recognised  him  by  his  voice,  and  wanted  to  play 
with  him.  He  talked  frequently  about  persons  and  things  which  he 
fancied  were  before  him.  He  had  vomited  again  at  5,  and  at  9.45  his 
bowels  were  moved,  and  he  also  passed  water  for  the  first  time.  From 
10  to  12  p.m.  he  lay  on  the  bed  tolerably  quiet ;  he  winked  a  little 
when  the  candle  was  put  close  to  his  face,  but  saw  nothing  else  ;  he 
said,  "  I  can't  see  mamma."  On  awaking  at  4  a.m.,  though  his  pupils 
were  as  much  dilated  as  ever,  he  told  his  mother  that  he  could  see  her, 
and  at  8  could  see  a  photograph  of  his  grandmother  over  the  chimney- 
piece.  His  difliculty  in  seeing  small  objects  which  were  near  him  was 
now  the  most  prominent  feature  remaining  of  his  illness,  and  his 
attempts  to  make  out  the  letters  of  a  newspaper  which  happened  to  be 
in  the  room,  putting  the  paper  first  in  one  position  and  then  in  another, 
and  eventually  throwing  it  from  him  in  disgust,  were  highly  amusing. 
The  dilatation  of  the  pupils  gave  his  face  a  singular  expression,  and  they 
did  not  recover  their  normal  size  and  movements  for  nearly  a  week. 
(HoLTHOUSE,  Med.  Times  and  Ga%.^  Dec.  17th,  1859.) 

2.  On  Sunday  m.  Dr.  Sharpey  was  in  his  usual  health.  A  little 
before  i  o'clock  the  servant  was  alarmed  by  hearing  a  heavy  fall,  and 
on  entering  the  room,  found  her  master  lying  on  his  face  in  the  corner, 
apparently  insensible.  Medical  help  was  called,  and  the  following  is 
the  report : — 

a,  "  I  found  the  patient  sitting  on  the  floor,  supported  by  two 
servants,  making  futile  eflForts  to  rise.  He  was  unconscious,  and 
speaking  incoherently  at  intervals.  The  skin  was  hot  and  pungent, 
face  flushed,  veins  of  forehead  turgid,  and  head  burning.  Pupils  slightly 
dilated,  conjunctiva  not  injected,  breathing  natural,  pulse  116,  irregular, 
generally  full,  but  varying  much  at  intervals  5  heart's  action  irregular, 
and  apparently  obstructed  5  teeth  and  lips  dry,  and  covered  with  sordes. 
We  immediately  placed  him  on  a  bed,  but  had  great  difliculty  in 
keeping  him  there^  as  he  was  extremely  restless  and  wanted  to  get  up. 
He  had  no  paralysis,  moving  all  his  limbs  freely  and  forcibly.  Gin-and- 
water^  and,,  as  soon  as  possible,  ice,  were  applied  to  the  head,  and 
mustard  poultices  to  the  calves  of  the  legs.     Small  doses  of  sal  volatile 


56o 


ATROPINUM. 


were  administered  in  water,  about  six  or  eight  drachrns  in  all.  After 
each  dose  he  seemed  much  better.  He  became,  however,  more  restlessJ 
and  delirious,  talking  constantly,  apparently  about  his  affairs^  and  buvw 
with  his  hands,  pulling  the  bedclothes  about.  On  asking  loudlv  if  ha 
had  any  pain  in  the  he^id,  he  replied,  "  No  pain  whatever/*  It  novA 
became  impossible  to  keep  him  in  bed,  and  very  difficult  to  prevent  hid 
walking  about.  He  expressed  a  constant  and  frequent  desire  to  pasM 
water,  but  did  not  succeed  in  doing  so*  The  bladder  was  found  etnptjl 
on  percussing  the  abdomen,"  fl 

h.  Dr.  Ringer  saw  him  4  h.  later,  and  gives  the  following  accoyfic  9 
'*  Dr.  Sharpey  was  sitting  on  the  edge  of  the  bed,  delirious,  and  au 
little  drowsy.  He  looked  at  me,  but  did  not  recognise  me,  Wc  coum 
not  attract  his  attention  without  speaking  loudly  to  him.  We  tried  col 
lead  him  to  bed,  but  he  expostulated  with  us,  and  said  he  would  lose  bill 
train,  that  all  his  things  were  packed  up,  and  that  he  must  start  immeJ 
diately.  We  undressed  him,  but  he  warmly  resisted,  telling  us  conJ 
tinually  that  he  should  lose  his  train.  He  clutched  hold  of  his  thingfJ 
and  tried  to  pull  on  his  trousers  and  to  tie  on  his  necktie.  Bq 
displayed  considerable  strength,  but  his  movements  were  rather  unsteadyj 
as  if  he  had  lost  some  control  over  his  limbs,  for  when  he  tried  to  wipe] 
away  the  dried  mucus  from  his  lips  he  raised  his  right  hand  with  apparenGl 
difficulty  a  short  way  from  his  mouth,  and  then,  with  an  eflbrt  an(|| 
rather  unsteady  movement,  raised  his  left  hand  and  touched   his  lipsJ 

We  lifted  him  into  bed,  but  were  obliged  to  restrain  him,  as  he  st^ '   '1 

to  rise  almost  incessantly.  He  kept  his  eyes  closed,  but  on  l  , 
to  him  loudly  he  looked  at  us,  caught  perhaps  one  word  or  part  ot  a  J 
sentence,  repeated  it,  and  said,  *'  Ah,  I  shall  lose  my  train."  We  couldj 
not  make  him  understand  where  he  was,  nor  that  he  was  ill  and  must  bdl 
keptquiet.  He  incessantly  talked  about  his  imaginary  journey,  and  warm!  vl 
expostulated  with  us  for  forcibly  detaining  him.  He  was  not  quarrel-l 
some  or  ill-temperedj  but  attempted  to  reason  with  us.  There  was  nol 
paralysis,  or  twitching,  or  involuntary  movements.  His  head  and  face  I 
were  much  flushed,  and  felt  hot ;  the  pulse  full,  bounding,  and  irregular.! 
His  speech  was  thick,  probably  from  dryness  of  the  mouth  and  throat.J 
Owing  to  a  recent  operation  for  cataract,  we  could  not  accurately  learnJ 
the  state  of  the  pupils.  His  breathing  was  natural  ^  his  ikin  felt  hoti 
and  dry,  and  his  lips  were  covered  with  dry  mucus.  He  was  troublcdi 
with  a  fretjuent  desire  to  make  water. 

t\  "  At  9.30  p.m.  the  drowsiness  had  quite  disappeared,  but  he  was 
still  more  delirious  and  talkative.  His  hallucinations  were  the  same,! 
and  he  resisted  still  more  energetically  our  attempts  to  keep  him  in  bcdJ 
In  fact,  he  jumped  out  of  bed  several  times,  and  insisted  on  drcssingl 
himself.  His  movements  were  now  quite  steady  and  completely  undeil 
his  control.  His  voice  was  natural,  his  pulse  softer,  less  full,  and  lesal 
frequent ;  his  skin  moist.  He  frequently  asked  for  water  to  dnnkJ 
He  still  had  a  frequent  desire  to  micturate,  but  passed  only  a  moderati^ 
quantity  of  water.  1  ordered  him  20  grains  of  bromide  of  potassium,  and 
left  a  little  after  Jo. 

d,  **  During  the  night  the  delirium  gradually  subsided,  and  in  ihc 
early  morning  Dr.  Sharpey  had  sufficiently  recovered  to  quiet  the  alarm 


ATROPINUM.  56 1 

of  his  friends  by  telling  them  he  had  taken  some  atropia  by  mistake, 
and  thus  accounted  for  his  symptoms,  which  we  had  hitherto  been 
unable  to  explain.  At  9.30  next  morning  he  had  almost  entirely 
recovered,  there  remained  only  a  little  difficulty  in  recollecting  what  had 
occurred  shortly  before  he  became  insensible.  His  tongue  was  thickly 
loaded  with  a  dirty  grey  fur.  There  was  no  rash  or  pain  in  the  head 
throughout." 

e.  Dr.  Sharpey  concludes  with  an  account  of  his  own  experiences. 
After  telling  how  he  took  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  A.  by  mistake  for 
one  of  quinine,  and  that  he  remembered  falling,  he  goes  on  :-=-"  The 
first  thing  I  can  recollect  is  that  I  was  struggling  with  people  in  the 
room,  amongst  whom  was  my  nephew,  whom  I  at  once  recognised  when 
he  told  me  who  he  was.  I  suppose  I  must  have  been  very  fractious  in 
my  delirium  ;  I  imagined  I  had  to  go  off  by  a  railway  train,  which 
started  at  10  in  the  morning,  and  that  the  hour  was  approaching,  whilst 
I  had  nothing  ready  for  my  journey  ;  and  I  believed  that  I  wished  to 
dress,  and  to  pack  my  things,  but  was  thwarted  and  prevented  by  the 
people  about  me.  At  length  I  was  persuaded  that  it  was  too  late  to 
catch  the  train,  and  agreed  to  wait  till  the  e.  I  may  here  explain  that 
I  had  come  from  Scotland  by  rail  on  the  previous  Thursday.  I  then 
became  sensible  that  I  was  lifted  into  bed,  and  ordered  on  no  account 
to  rise,  which  I  thought  a  most  unreasonable  restraint,  especially  as  I 
was  tormented  with  irritation  in  the  bladder,  and  almost  incessant  desire 
to  pass  urine,  which  was  in  very  small  quantity.  In  this  way  I  passed 
a  very  restless  night,  but  slept  fairiy  in  the  morning.  Meanwhile  my 
head  began  to  clear ;  I  remembered  having  taken  atropia,  and  then  was 
able  to  attend  to  my  condition  with  some  degree  of  intelligence.  I  had 
an  intense  feeling  of  dryness  in  my  throat,  which  I  knew  to  be  an  effect 
of  the  poison  ;  this  abated  towards  m. ;  then,  although  I  could  move 
my  body  and  limbs,  it  was  only  by  a  great  effort,  and  when  I  raised  my 
arms  they  felt  as  if  made  of  lead.  This  I  a%:ribed  to  partial  paralysis 
of  the  motor  nerves,  and  I  watched  with  some  interest  the  return  of 
power  as  the  night  advanced.  As  to  my  sensations,  they  were  not 
blunted,  but  I  misinterpreted  them.  Thus,  I  felt  a  wet  cloth  on  my 
head,  but  imagined  I  had  been  out  in  the  rain  without  my  hat ;  and  a 
dose  of  bromide  of  potassium  given  to  me  I  recognised  as  a  saline  solu- 
tion, but  supposed  it  was  mineral  water  from  the  Airthry  spring,  which 
I  had  tasted  on  the  spot  some  ten  days  before."     {Lancet^  Sept.  27th, 

i8730 

3.  a.  Woman,  act.  45,  slightly-built  nervous  subject,  sanguine 
temperament,  took  Feb.  ist,  1873,  at  11  a.m.,  a  teaspoonful  of  a  sol. 
of  gr.  ij  to  3j.  After  \  h.  had  dimness  of  vision,  and  bright  circles  of 
golden  hue  dancing  before  eyes,  tr^xxv  of  tinct.  opii  were  given  ;  after 
taking  which  she  complained  of  giddiness  with  sense  of  heat  in  stomach. 
In  another  \  h.,  face  suffused  and  hot,  singing  in  ears  ;  said  that  objects 
around  her  were  steady,  but  flame-coloured,  and  appeared  magnified 
(3  or  4  times  their  natural  size).  At  1.30  physician  found  her 
complaining  of  numbness  and  loss  of  sensory  and  motor  power  in 
lower  limbs  ;  could  not  stand  without  assistance  ;  hands  trembled  ; 
was  perfectly  conscious.     Strong  coffee  and  brandy  were  now  given 

36 


562 


ATROPINUM. 


at  frequent  inten'als.  In  ^  h.  after  first  dose  of  coiFee  began  to  hm 
drowsy,  and  finally  fell  into  a  stupor,  from  which  she  could  only  ifl 
roused  by  constant  loud  talking  and  jerlcing*  This  condition  lasted 
IS  m.  5  after  it  passed  ofF  hands  began  to  twitch^  and  she  seized  hanfl 
of  friends  spasmodically  every  few  m.  Pupils  now  strongly  dilacefl 
and  face  wore  a  wild,  frightened  expression,  but  she  did  not  rambfl 
At  3  lapsed  again  into  stupor,  in  which  she  muttered  incoherently,  aw 
quite  lost  use  of  legs  ;  arms  continued  to  twitch  and  speech  becanfl 
thick;  pulse  100  ^  extremities  cold*  5^  continues  in  same  coifl 
dition  ;  rambles  at  times  ;  complains  of  sensation  of  great  weight  cfl 
chest,  and  says  '*  life  is  being  squeezed  out  of  her/*  7,  same  ^  putfl 
130;  skin  and  extremities  cool.  10,  still  rambles  at  times  1  hfl 
attacks  of  loss  of  motor  power  in  legs,  lasting  about  10  m.,  and  altemfl 
ting  with  intervals  during  which  she  can  use  them.  ™ 

if.  On  2nd,  at  i  a.m.,  physician  was  sent  for  and  found  patient  in 
state  of  furibund  delirium.     Power  had  quite   returned  to   limb: 
she  rushed  frantically  from  one  room  into  another,  defying  all  attc 
at  restraint;  but,  being  nearly  blind,  she  constantly   dashed   h 
against  walls  in  her  efforts  to  go  from  room  to  room»  evidently  ima^iiMi^« 
presence  of  door  where  none  existed.     From   her   ravings  one  coufl 
gather  that  she  thought  her  friends  were  about  to  compel  her  to  $i|||fl 
to  an  operation,  and  she  fancied  herself  in  the  presence  of  an  a^s^HH 
of  doctors  for  the  purpose.     She  continued  in  much  the  same  condindB 
for  an  h.,  when  symptoms  somewhat  abated.     In  i  h.  more  she  WM 
got  to  bed,  and  almost  immediately  afterwards  (5  a*m.)    consciousncfl 
began  to  return.      By  6  she  was  perfectly   sensible.      10  a.m.,  pul^ 
110;  fauces  slightly  congested  j  complains  that  throaty  mouth,  and  lip* 
feel  dry  and  parched  ;  also  of  extreme  lassitude  and  weariness,  and  of 
sensation  on  raising  head  as  if  she  would   fall  forward.     Says  that  she 
can  now  see  more  distinctly  with  affected  r.  eye  (syphilitic  iritis)  thlfi 
with  sound  one,  but  con^lains  of  severe  darting  pain  over  r.  eyebfoi^ 
extending  to  outer  canthus*     Has  also  considerable  vertigo,  and  occM 
sional  brilliant  flashes  of  light  before  both  eyes  i  sees  nothing  distinctl|B 
Says  that  during  her  delirium  all  objects  appeared  doubled  and  crebleS 
and  as  if  spotted  with  blood,     At  noon  the  brilliant  flashes  were  replac^ 
by   numerous  dark   specks  dancing  before   eyes.     Dozed  at  inrenAH 
during  which  she  saw  devils,  and   faces  dotted   over  with  dark  spoH 
which  appear  also  on  faces  of  friends.     Pupils  still  dilated,  but  slighdH 
contractile.      3rd. — ^At   10  a.m.,  pulse   100 ;  had   passed   restless  Pifl 
pain  over  r.  eyebrow  continues  ;  still  sees  the  black  specks  on  clofinl 
the  eyes  ;  cannot  see  at  all    distinctly  ;   pupils  dilated,   especially  l«fl 
has  felt  a  very  painful  pricking  sensation   in   throat  all  n.     Feels  nofl 
very  weak  and   sinking,  and  expresses  desire   for   brandy,  which  wS 
allowed  her.     4th. — ^PulseSS  ;  feels  stronger,  has  slept  more  during  ii|l 
pain  at  outer  canthus  is  now  a  dull   aching  and   extends   to  vertefl 
Still  sees  devils,  &c.,  whenever  she  sleeps,  and  the  faces  of  those  arouifl 
her  still  appear  covered  with  dark  spots.     Up  to  8th  remained  weak  aifl 
languid,  and  had  specks  before  eyes  at  times.      Seen  again  on  i5th  aifl 
27th,  complained  only  of  palpitations,  at  times  severe*  H 

Reporter  considers  that  symptoms  were  at  first  somewhat  conAisfl 


ATROPINUM.  563 

with   those  of  the  opium,  but  from  5  p.m.  were  due  solely  to  the  A. 
(Dr.  J.  G.  Blackley,  Monthly  Horn.  Rev.^  xvii,  481.) 

4.  Woman,  act.  30,  swallowed  with  suicidal  intent  a  spirituous  solu- 
tion of  A.  =  i\  gr.  of  the  sulphate.  After  ^  h.  she  experienced  nausea  and 
dimness  of  sight ;  was  unable  to  feel  arms  and  legs,  and  being  alarmed 
called  for  help.  After  i  h.  pulse  150,  small  and  weak  ;  face  flushed; 
conjunctiva  vividly  injected ;  only  a  circular  line  of  iris  visible ;  was 
nearly  blind,  a  thick  cloud  obstructed  vision,  and  images  were  confused, 
with  a  reddish  tinge  ;  there  was  tendency  to  sleep,  chilliness,  cramp  and 
tingling  of  extremities.  After  2^  h.  vomiting,  readily  induced  by 
drinking  warm  fluids.  After  4^  h.  violent  delirium  and  restlessness ; 
tenesmus,  and  frequent  desire  to  pass  urine.  After  10  h.  pulse  110  ; 
patient  had  become  calm,  but  could  not  sleep  although  inclined.  During 
next  12  h.  she  obtained  but  little  sleep;  she  was  able,  however^  to  rise 
in  m.,  when  pulse  was  frequent,  small  and  irregular,  and  she  complained 
of  lassitude;  pupils  still  widely  dilated,  and  vision  confused;  recovery 
was  now  rapid.     (Roux,  Journ,  de  Chim,  Med.^  i860,  p.  529.) 

5.  An  adult  male  took  about  gr.  ij  of  sulphate  in  solution  before 
break^t.  After  i  h.  pulse  very  quick  and  of  good  volume ;  pupils 
completely  dilated,  eyes  restless ;  was  generally  restless  and  unmanage- 
able, refusing  to  answer,  to  swallow,  or  to  be  examined,  appeared  pro- 
foundly intoxicated.  After  2  h.  pulse  very  weak  ;  hands  cold  ;  dragged 
legs  when  compelled  to  walk  ;  was  kept  in  forced  exercise  from  2nd  to 
6th  h.  After  8  h.  insomnia,  incoherent  quarrelling,  loss  of  memory, 
partial  paralysis  of  arms  and  legs.  Continued  wakeful  and  delirious 
during  next  4  h.,  and  passed  very  little  urine.  Throughout  succeeding 
n.  hearing  and  sight  were  morbidly  sensitive.  After  48  h.,  pulse  108  ; 
tongue  dry  and  furred,  skin  hot ;  was  quite  rational  and  nearly 
recovered.  Catheterism  was  required  during  next  4  d.  (Leach, 
Med,  Times  and  Gaz.^  1865,  ii,  34.) 

6.  LussANA  gives  following  as  result  of  observations  on  patients, 
chiefly  epileptic  and  neuralgic.  The  physiological  effects  of  A.,  when 
taken  continously^  and  in  increasing  doses,  are  as  follows  : 

a.  Dilatation  and  immobility  of  the  pupil. — The  dilatation  is  most 
marked  at  the  beginning  (14  to  20  m.  after  swallowing  a  dose  of  ^  or 
•ffV  ^^^  S*"*)  ^"^  ^^  ^^^  ^"^  ^f  ^^^  experiment.  At  the  height  of  the 
intoxication  the  pupil  is  quite  immoveable,  and  has  nearly  its  normal 
diameter.  The  return  of  a  slight  motion  of  the  iris  is  the  first  sign 
that  the  effects  of  the  remedy  are  diminishing.  Dilatation  of  the  pupils 
often  continues  for  eight  days  after  the  cessation  of  the  other  sym- 
ptoms. 

b.  Disturbance  of  the  sight. — Objects  appear  as  if  enveloped  in  a 
fog.  As  the  dose  is  increased,  the  obscurity  increases  even  to  perfect 
blindness.  On  omitting  the  remedy^  these  symptoms  diminish  with 
great  rapidity,  and  disappear  entirely  in  one  or  two  days. 

c.  Somnolence  and  confusion  of  ideas. — First  merely  sluggishness 
of  the  mind,  then  dizziness,  and  a  condition  resembling  commencing 
intoxication.  Headache  occurred  in  but  one  case. 

d.  Hallucinations  of  the  sense  of  hearing. — Not  frequent,  consisting 
of  various  sounds,  roaring,  &c. 


564 


ATROPINUM, 


f.  Hallucinations  of  the  sight.^ — While  the  obscurity  of  objects  is 
increasing,  various  phantoms  are  observed,  gigantic  forms,  and  socne-j 
times  laughable^  sometimes  terrifying  appearances  ;  also  quick  rotatioil^ 
and  duplication  of  objects. 

y.  Anaesthesia. — Cessation  ofpains,especially  of  spasmodic  neunlgix ; 
diminished  sensibility  for  painful  physical  impressions*  The  sense  of 
touch  alone  appears  to  be  but  little  affected, 

g.  Dryness  of  the  mouth  and  fauces  always  occurs  in  a  few  dayi. 
At  first  it  is  only  a  subjective  symptom,  but  later  it  can  be  observo^ 
objectively,  depending  upon  a  diminution  of  the  salivary  secretioa,  boj 
never  connected  with  gastro-cnteric  irritation,  a  symptom   which  was 
never  observed, 

A,  Loss  of  appetite  *,  present  in  all  cases^  changing  to  great  voracity 
at  the  end  of  the  experiment.  There  is  no  thirst,  notwithstanding  the 
dryness  of  the  fauces. 

L  Difficulty  of  utterance  present  at  the  height  of  the  intoxication. 
j*  Delirium,  often  followed  by,  or  alternating  with,  stupor,  alway? 
occurs  after  larger  doses  (^  to  ^  of  a  gr.),  is  generally  of  a  petulanti 
cheerful  character,  and  disappears  slowly. 

k.  Dysphagia  is  never  absent  if  the  use  of  the  drug  is  persevered  in, 
and  keeps  pace  with  the  dryness  of  the  fauces, 

/,  Redness  of  the  skin  was  only  observed  in  one  person  having  a 
delicate  white  skin*  The  redness  appeared  so  constantly  in  this  case» 
from  i  an  h.  to  an  h.  after  each  dose,  that  is  was  undoubtedly  caused  bjj^ 
the  medicine, 

m.  Torpor  and  paralytic  trembling. — The  limbs,  especially  the  low« 
ones,  gradually  became  weak,  and  the  gait  unsteady  ;  finally  the  subjc 
was  obliged  to  lie  down.  Slight  convulsive  trembling  of  some  of  the 
muscles  may  be  observed,  but  never  spasm,  painful  retraction  or  spas- 
modic rigidity.  With  the  loss  of  consciousness  the  motions  becou 
entirely  automatic.  When  the  medicine  has  been  given  in  gradua 
increasing  doses  there  is  subsultus  ;  when  a  single  large  dose  has 
given,  convulsions  occur* 

;i.  Paralysis  of  the  sphincters  of  the  bladder  and  rectum. — This  k 
the  highest  step,  beyond  which  it  is  not  safe  to  push  the  physiologial 
experiment.  In  two  patients^  who  took  the  dose  of  i  and  i  \  grs.,  there 
were  involuntary  faecal  discharges.  Another  patient  took  a  still  lar^i 
dose,  followed  by  incontinence  of  urine  and  involuntary  discharges. 
{JnnaL  Univers.  di  Med.^  1852.) 

7,  Grandi  administered  A.  to  epileptic  patients,  in  doses  graduallf 
increased  from  gr,  ^  to  gr,  j.  The  following  phenomena  were  ob* 
served  : — 

a.  Dryness  of  mouth  and  fauces, — This  phenomenon  appears  at  first 
to  be  purely  nervous,  but  subsequently  the  parts  become  really  drViaad 
then  there  is  diminution  of  the  salivary  secretion. 

h.  Dysphagia* — Difficulty  of  deglutition  immediately  follows  dryness 
of  the  mouth.  The  patient  cannot  swallow,  except  after  long  efforts  of 
the  muscles  of  the  neck  and  pharynx. 

c.  Embarrassed  utterance  from  quasi-paralysis  of  the  tongue, — ^Aftcr 
many  days'  action  of  the  A,   there  manifested  itself  a  slowness  and 


ATROPINUM.  565 

embarrassment  of  articulation  of  words,  as  MM.  Bouchardat  and 
Stuart  have  noted  among  the  principal  effects  of  the  solaneae. 

d.  Dilatation  and  subsequent  immobility  of  the  pupil. — Mydriasis 
is  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  constant  effects  of  A.  It  is  also  the  last 
to  disappear,  being  more  or  less  evident  for  eight  days  after  the  suspen- 
sion of  the  malady. 

s.  Obscurity  of  vision. — Objects  appear  at  first  enveloped  in  a  white 
vapour  ;  the  contours  are  no  longer  distinct.  The  patient  is  unable  to 
read,  to  sew.  If  the  dose  is  increased,  almost  complete  blindness  may 
ensue. 

f.  Torpor  and  paralytic  tremblings. — In  proportion  as  the  doses  of 
A.  augment,  the  limbs,  and  especially  the  lower,  though  still  under  the 
influence  of  the  will,  become  heavy  and  inactive.  If  the  dose  be 
increased,  sensation  is  lost,  and  the  movements  of  the  muscles  are  auto- 
matic and  convulsive. 

g.  Intellectual  confusion. — At  first  a  slowness  of  intelligence,  ideas 
and  replies  are  imperfect  and  indifferent.  Then  comes  vertigo,  and 
confusion  as  of  drunkenness. 

h.  Hallucinations  of  hearing  and  sight. — Perceptions  of  noise, 
tinkling  sound  as  of  bells  ;  distorted  countenances  of  bystanders,  extra- 
ordinary and  gigantic  phantoms  ;  the  buzzing  of  insects  of  black 
colour,  &c. 

/.  Delirium  or  stupor. — Upon  every  occasion  when  a  larger  dose 
than  proper  of  A.  is  taken,  there  comes  delirium,  followed  by  stupor. 
The  delirium  may  be  of  a  lively  or  loquacious  character,  with  forget- 
fulness  of  all  surrounding  objects,  with  transport  and  imagination  of 
distant  objects,  with  incoherent  actions,  movements,  and  discourse. 
{Mid.  Times  and  Gaz.j  Jan.  6th,  1855.) 

8.  MiCHEA.  Since  1855  I  have  had  occasion  to  employ  A.,  or  its 
most  important  salts,  in  the  treatment  of  42  persons  of  different  age  and 
sex.  Almost  all  these  individuals  had  been,  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time, 
affected  with  epilepsy^  which  was  either  simple  or  complicated  with 
aberration  of  mind.  The  A.,  which  was  almost  always  employed 
inwardly,  I  gave  in  doses  of  from  half  a  milligramme  (gr.  -j-J^)  to  a 
centigramme  (gr.  ^)  in  24  h.  The  latter  dose  was  only  tried  in  a  very 
few  cases. 

The  following  are  the  most  important  physiological  phenomena 
which  I  observed  : — 

a.  All  the  subjects  of  experiment,  without  exception,  complained  on 
the  second  or  third  day  after  taking  the  A.,  even  in  the  smallest  doses  (as 
gr.  ^  to  y^),  of  unpleasant  dryness  of  mouth,  lips,  tongue,  palate,  and 
throat.  This  dryness,  which  was  seldom  accompanied  by  actual  thirst, 
and  instantly  disappeared  on  moistening  the  mouth  with  a  gulp  of 
liquid,  seemed  to  be  brought  on  sometimes  by  simple  diminution  of  the 
secretion  in  the  mucous  lining  of  the  mouth,  palate,  and  throat ;  some- 
times by  diminished  action  of  the  salivary  glands. 

b.  doon  after  the  above-named  symptoms,  there  was  manifested 
a  more  or  less  considerable  enlargement  of  the  pupil,  with  tendency  to 
immobility  of  the  iris,  even  when  only  two  milligrammes  (gr.  ^)  had 
been  given.     This  mydriasis  was  accompanied  by  no  very  remarkable 


566 


ATROPINUM. 


injury  to  the  sight,  as  the  patients  were  not  prevented  from  reading  veM 
small  print.  m 

c.  As    I    gradually  raised    the    dose    to  4  or   5   rafll.,  23  of  til 
subjects  of  experiment  complained  of  difficulty  in  swallowing  eitba 
liquid  or  solid  substances,  but  especially  of  the  small  quantity  of  salifli 
which  they  had   in   their   mouth  ;  frequently  they  could    only  effect 
deglutition  after  malcing  several  strains  with  the  muscles  of  the  neck   -^ 
throat.     Yet  the  dysphagia  did  not  proceed  from  a  spasmodic  cc 
tion  of  these  muscles,  as  in   hysterical  or  epileptical   attacks, 
seemed  rather  to  be  the  consequence  of  a  partially  paralysed  conu 
for  none  of  the  patients  experienced  the  constrictive  sensation  in  the 
gullet  which  hysterical  and   many  epileptic  persons  complain  of  at 
beginning  of  their  attack  ;  and,  on  passing  the  hand  over  their  thn 
one  did  not  perceive  the    swelling  and  drawing  together     which 
observed   when    the    muscles  of  this    region    arc    spasmodically 
tracted. 

^,  After  the  dose  of  6  mill.^  I  found  in  19  cases  a  failure  of  voi 
which,  m  one  individual,  amounted  to  complete  aphonia.     At  the  sz 
time  there  appeared  in  13  a  slowness  and  hesitation  in  the  articulati 
of  certain  words.     The  hindrance  to  utterance  seemed  to  He  not  mcr 
in  the  muscles  of  the  lips — as  is  the  case,  for  instance,  in  paralysis 
the  facial  nerves,  where  the  pronunciation  of  vowels  demanding  the 
co-operation  of  the  lips,  such  as  5,  and  of  the  labial  consonants,  sr 
i>  and  ^,  is  impeded.     In  our  cases  the  impediment  seemed  to  lie  ^;--  - 
as   much   in  the   muscles  of  the   tongue,  as  I  often  observed  a  sligl 
quivering  of  this  organ.     This  impeded  utterance  has,  moreover,  seei 
to  me  to  present  a  great  resemblance  to  that  difficulty  of  pronoundaj 
certain  words  which  characterises  the  so-called  progressive  paralysis 
the  insane, 

^,  After  the  dose  of  7  mill.,  all  the  subjects  of  experiment  coi 
plained  of  dimness  of  sight,  and  I  found  the  pupils  then  regularly  in 
state  of  great  dilatation.     They  saw  all  objects  as  if  involved  in  a  tnisd 
and  could  no  longer  distinguish  their  contour  properly  ;  could  barely  rca 
very  large  print,  could  not  thread  a  needle^  &c.     Twelve  persons  pre- 
sented diplopia  or  slight  strabismus,  and  6  complained  of  difficulty  < 
moving  the  eyeballs. 

f.  After  a  dose  of  8  mill.,  9  out  of  16  of  the  subjects  complatnetl 
that  they  could  no  longer  so  well  command  their  orgajis  of  locomotion. 
They  felt  at  intervals,  in  spite  of  strong  efforts  of  the  will,  a  staggering 
in  walking,  like  that  of  a  drunken  man,  though  not  to  so  marked  a 
degree.  They  could  no  longer  keep  themselves  so  steady  on  their  legs, 
nor  make  use  so  rapidly  and  easily  of  their  hands  to  button  their  clother 
In  a  word,  they  exhibited,  in  the  movement  of  the  upper  and  lowrr 
extremities,  a  certain  heaviness  and  helplessness,  which  was  very  like 
that  which  one  observes  in  the  first  stages  of  progressive  paralysis  of 
the  insane.  The  resemblance  between  the  symptoms  which  charac- 
terise this  disorder  and  the  hindrance  to  movement  produced  by  A,  is 
often  so  great  that,  in  the  commencement,  it  is  very  difficult  to  draw 
the  line. 

i*  Eight  out  of  12  subjects  of  experiment,  with  whom  I  proceeded  to 


ATROPINUM.  5^7 

a  dose  of  9  mill.,  complained  of  a  difficulty  of  passing  urine.  Besides,  the 
sensibility  of  the  skin  was  remarkably  diminished  ;  when  they  were 
tickled  with  feathers  on  the  alae  nasi  and  in  the  nostrils,  or  on  the  com- 
missure of  the  lips,  they  hardly  seemed  to  feel  it.  If  they  were  pricked 
suddenly,  and  without  being  made  aware  of  it,  on  the  skin  of  the  neck, 
trunk,  or  extremities  with  needles,  the  pain  which  they  felt  was  much 
slighter  than  in  the  normal  condition. 

A.  Lastly,  in  six  cases  of  individuals  who  had  been  epileptic  for  a 
long  time,  with  whom  the  dose  of  A.  amounted  to  a  centigramme,  there 
appeared,  besides  the  above-mentioned  symptoms,  a  moral  and  physical 
apathy  j  the  intellect  was  beclouded  in  a  way  which  had  a  resemblance 
to  the  stupor  in  typhus.  These  persons  seemed  to  understand  with 
great  difficulty  the  questions  put  to  them  ;  they  answered  very  indif- 
ferently and  slowly.  Notwithstanding,  their  ideas  were  still  connected 
and  not  very  obscure  ;  only  in  a  single  case  there  was  exhibited  a  noisy 
delirium,  accompanied  with  hallucination. 

It  is  important  to  add  this  remark,  that  all  these  physiological  effects, 
though  some  of  them  were  of  a  somewhat  alarming  nature,  never  had 
dangerous  results  ;  and  that,  moreover,  soon  after  the  administration  of 
the  A.  had  ceased,  they  disappeared,  excepting  the  dilatation  of  the 
pupils  and  the  dryness  of  the  throat,  which  often  continued  still  from  6 
to  10  days  after  the  discontinuance  of  the  medicine. 

From  these  observations  the  following  general  conclusions  present 
themselves  : — 

(i)  A.  and  its  salts  act  especially  on  the  cerebro-spinal  nervous 
system. 

(2)  They  depress  successivjely,  not  synchronously,  the  functions  of 
the  different  parts  of  the  system. 

(3)  They  affect  the  motor  nervous  system  before  the  sensitive,  and 
the  organs  which  minister  to  the  intellectual  and  moral  Acuities  are 
those  which  are  last  attacked. 

(4)  The  organs  on  which  fall  the  first  convulsive  excitations  of 
epilepsy  are  the  same  as  those  which  experience  the  primary  effects,  in 
an  opposite  direction,  of  atropine.     {Gaz.  des.  Hopitaux^    1861.) 

9.  A.  is,  in  the  truest  sense  of  the  word,  a  diuretic,  and  more 
powerful  perhaps  than  any  other  we  possess.  After  excessive  doses  in 
both  man  and  the  lower  animals,  frequent  emission  of  urine  is  a  marked 
symptom.  In  medicinal  doses  the  diuretic  effect  is  often  masked  by 
retention  of  the  urine  \  but  if  that  which  is  excreted  during  its  operation 
and  a  few  h.  afterwards  be  examined,  an  increase  either  in  the  specific 
gravity  or  of  the  quantity  will  be  observed.  In  the  latter  case  the 
specific  gravity  will,  of  course,  be  proportionately  diminished.  Analysis 
will  show  an  increased  elimination  of  all  the  solid  constituents,  except- 
ing generally  the  chlorine,  which^  on  account  of  the  increase  of  the 
other  constituents,  appears  to  be  diminished.  The  urea  is  always 
increased  and  often  to  a  considerable  extent ;  but  the  effects  of  the 
drug  are  most  manifest  in  the  increase  of  the  phosphates  and  sulphates, 
which  are  sometimes  doubled.  If  the  action  of  the  medicine  take  place 
during  a  period  of  fasting,  and  the  maximum  acceleration  of  the  pulse 
be  great,  and  sustained  for  an  h.^  the  urine  will  resemble  that  voided 


568 


ATROPINUM. 


after  the  digestion  of  a  hearty  meal  in  the  richness  of  its  solid  consti- 
tuents.   (Harley,  op.  at,) 

10.  After  repeated  experiments,  I  find  that  in  profuse  sweating  pro- 
duced by  the  hat  chamber  of  the  Turkish  bath,  -j-^th  to  ^riViTth  of  a  grain 
of  A.  will,  in  a  few  seconds,  completely  dry  the  skin,  and   maintiin  it 

I   dry,  notwithstanding  the  continuance  of  the  bath.*     (Ringer,  9p.  at*) 

11.  In  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  I  not  long  since  saw  a  man  who 
had  been  wounded  by  a  railroad  accident  in  such  a  way  that  the  whole 
of  the  temporal  bone  anterior  to  the  petrous  portion  was  thrust  into 
the  side  of  the  head  ;  there  was  complete  paralysis  of  the  facraU  of  the 
trigeminus,  and  of  the  oculo-motor,  as  could  be  readily  t!  itcd 
on  the  man,  who  lived  some  months,  finally  dying  from  al  :hc 
brain.  The  carotid  canal  was  so  pressed  upon  that  the  sympathetic, 
which  passed  upwards  through  it  to  the  eye,  must  also  have  been  para* 
lysed*  The  eye  was,  as  found  by  the  autopsy,  separated  from  all  con- 
nexion with  the  nerve-centres,  and  yet  when  A.  was  given  hypodermi- 
cally  the  pupils  dilated.  The  proof  seemed  complete  that  the  mydriasis 
was  due  to  a  peripheral  action. f      (H.  C.  Wood,  ^p,  diJ) 

III.  Experimenti  on  animalu — I,  a,  A  grey  horse  received  gr.  |  by 
hypodermic  injection.  Pulse  was  30,  In  12  m.  pupils  suddenly  and 
completely  dilated  as  they  were  being  examined  ;  pulse  at  same  dme 
*  obtained  its  maximum  acceleration,  72  ;  mouth  was  drying.  In  10  00^ 
pulse  68,  soft  and  full  j  mouth  only  dryish.  In  I  h.  puUe  of  same  rate, 
but  of  diminished  volume  and  very  soft ;  lips,  mouth,  and  tongue  quite 
dryi  remained  very  quiet  and  dull.  After  3  h.  considerable  nervous- 
ness. After  6  h.  pulse  so  weak  and  compressible  that  it  was  counted 
with  difficulty  ;  pupils  fully  dilated^  and  a  bright  red  glare  wa^  reflected 
from  the  fundus  of  the  eye,  conjunctiva  of  bright  crimson  colour  ;  mouth 
moistened  with  creamy  secretion  j  tongue  white.  For  an  h.  previously 
the  horse  had  been  restless,  and  now  there  was  a  moderate  amount  of 
delirium  ;  a  touch  made  the  muscles  quiver,  and  he  was  startled  by  the 
least  noise,  and  jerked  the  head  backwards  on  moving,  as  if  he  mif- 
judged  distances.  During  the  next  4  h.  the  effect  gradually  wore  off, 
At  1 8th  h.  pulse  was  36  {t  more  than  before  injection),  very  soft  and 
weak  ;  mouth  and  pupils  normal  ;  had  passed  a  softer  and  more  copious 
stool  than  usual,  strongly  acid  ;  was  tired  and  gapey.  Urine  frequently 
voided  during  action  of  dose, 

b.  A  brown  bitch,  weighing  about  25  lb.,  pulse  1 20,  received  gr. 
^  subcutaneously.  After  7  m.,  pulse  224,  regular;  after  9  m»,  pupils 
completely   dilated  and  fixed;    nose,  mouth,  and  tongue   quite  dry. 

•  ExprrimcnH  indicate  the  fxi^tencc  of  sweat  .centres  in  the  cord  and  -:     '  "- 
and  it  has  been  deinaastrated  that  the  sweat-iibres  nin  with   the  vaso.mtjt 
Pilocarpine  and  muscarine  trxcite  sweating  by  action  on  the  periphery  of  tiiv    ^-^** 
apparatu.s ;  and  atropia  check*^  it,  a.v  it  does  the  salivary  ^cretion,  by  an  influence 
exerted  on  the  same  parts.     (RiNCtii.) 

t  Our  knowledge  of  the  action  of  A.  on  the  PupiJ  may  be  summed  tip  a\  foUovri  * 
A»  applied  locally  causes  mydriasis  by  paralysing  the  peripheral  eiid-i  of  the  oculo«niotor 
nerve,  and  probably  by  stimulating  the  peripheral  ends  of  the  sympathetic.  A.  ^rtu 
inttmaJJy  almost  ccrtamly  causes  mydriasis,  not  by  influencing  the  ner^T-centfes,  bat  by 
being  carried  in  the  blood  to  the  eye  It&elf,  and  tnere  acting  precisely  at  when  aitulitd 
locally.    (H.  C.  Wood.)  '^ 


ATROPINUM.  569 

After  27  m.  had  lost  much  of  her  playfulness,  and  began  prying  slowly 
about  room,  now  and  then  stumbling  from  unsteadiness  of  hind  legs. 
After  I  h.  continued  in  same  state ;  consciousness  unimpaired  ;  was 
partially  blind  and  went  about  cautiously,  walked  awkwardly,  and  hesi- 
tated to  jump  off  a  chair.  Pulse  between  300  and  400  ;  respiration  22, 
regular.  She  now  lay  down  for  the  first  time,  closed  eyes,  and  dozed 
for  10  m.;  then  got  up  and  walked  about  as  before,  smelling  her  way 
rather  than  seeing  it.  After  i^  h.,  heart  beating  with  noise  and 
rapidity  of  a  winnowing  machine,  about  400  times  a  minute,  each  beat 
distinctly  perceptible  through  chest  wall.  Walked  stiffly  and  clumsily  j 
when  placed  upon  a  shifting  ground,  such  as  a  cushioned  chair,  she 
reeled  very  much,  and  could  hardly  keep  her  footing,  and  when  called 
she  walked  straight  into  the  air,  and  tumbled  down.  Then,  when  called 
again,  she  came  in  the  direction  of  my  voice,  hesitatingly  and  with 
groping  movement,  as  if  advancing  in  the  dark.  After  3  h.,  pulse  as 
before,  strong,  regular,  250  ;  respirations  18,  interrupted  at  intervals  by 
a  long-drawn  sigh.  After  5  h.,  pulse  200,  quite  regular  and  strong. 
After  sh  ^-^  mouth  moistening.  After  6  h.,  pulse  still  200  to  190; 
mouth  moist ;  had  recovered  some  activity,  and  came  up  when  called, 
but  when  placed  on  the  table  walked  off  into  the  air,  and  fell  down. 
After  7  h.  took  food,  had  recovered  activity  and  sight,  and  was  quite 
frolicsome.     (Harley,  op.  cit,^  196,  199.) 

2.  Wharton  Jones,  Meuriot,  T.  Harley  and  others  state  (though 
Nunneley  denies  it)  that  when  applied  to  the  web  of  the  frog's  foot 
belladonna  contracts  the  smaller  arteries,  producing  at  first  acceleration 
of  the  circulation,  followed  after  a  time  by  complete  stasis,  beginning, 
according  to  Meuriot,  in  the  veins  and  capillaries,  the  circulation 
always  continuing  in  the  artery  some  time  after  it  has  completely  ceased 
in  the  vein.  According  to  Harley,  a  moderate  dose  contracts  the 
arteries,  whilst  a  large  dose  dilates  them  ;  the  contraction  being  due  to 
stimulation,  and  the  dilatation  to  exhaustion  of  the  sympathetic  system 
resulting  from  its  previous  over-stimulation.     (Ringer,  op.  cit.) 

3.  To  briefly  sum  up  the  probable  action  of  A.  (as  ascertained 
mainly  by  experiments  on  animals)  we  find  that : — 

a.  It  tetanises  the  cord  and  heightens  its  reflex  action. 

b.  It  stimulates  the  respiratory  centre,  the  inhibitory  centre  of  the 
heart,  the  cardiac  accelerator  nerve  or  its  centre,  and  the  vaso-motor 
centre  (so  heightening  arterial  pressure). 

c.  It  paralyses  the  terminations  of  the  vagi,  both  in  the  heart  and 
lungs  ;  of  the  secretory  nerves  of  the  salivary,  and  perhaps  also  of  the 
sweat-glands  y  and  of  the  inhibitory  fibres  of  the  splanchnics. 

d.  Large  doses  slightly  depress  the  functions  of  the  aflFerent  nerves. 
It  appears,  then,  that  while  it  acts  as  a  stimulant  to  a  large  part  of 

the  central  nervous  system,  to  many  of  the  nerves  it  operates  as  a  para- 
lyser.    {Ibid.) 

4.  a.  In  a  frog  the  primary  stimulation  quickly  passes  ofi^,  and  there 
follows  gradually  increasing  weakness  both  of  respiratory  and  voluntary 
movements,  until  these  are  entirely  abolished.  The  nervous  trunks 
cease  to  respond  to  stimulation^  and  the  only  sign  of  vitality  is  an 
occasional  and  hardly  perceptible  beat  of  the  heart,  and  retention  of 


57<^ 


ATROPINl 


irritability  in  the  striated  muscles.     But  if  kept  in  this  condidon  4  or  51 
d.  the  apparent  death  is  succeeded  by  a  state  of  spinal  excitement*     The 
forearms  pass  from  a  state  of  complete  fiaccidity  to  one  of  rigid  tome 
contraction.     The  respiratory  movements  reappeared,  the  cardiac  action  j 
became  strongerj  and  the  posterior  extremities  extended.     In  this  con*j 
dition  a  touch  on  the  skin  caused  violent  tetanus,  usually  opisthotonic,  1 
lasting  from  2  to  16  seconds^  and  succeeded  by  a  series  of  clonic  spiasms. 
A  little  later  still  the  convulsions  change  their   character,  and  become 
emprosthotonic.     These  symptoms  are  due  to  the  action  of  the  poison 
on  the  cord  itself,  for  they  continue  independently  in   the  parts  con* 
nected  with  each  segment  of  the  cord  when  it  has  been  divided. 

Fraser,  who  first  observed  these  phenomena,  considered  the  paralpit 
due  entirely  to  the  action  of  the  drug  on  the  extremities  of  the  motor  1 
nerves,  the  cord  being  stimulated  throughout.  Ringer  and  Murrcll, 
however,  have  found  that  when  the  ends  of  the  motor  nerves  in  one  leg 
are  protected  from  the  action  of  the  poison  by  ligature  of  the  artery,  there 
is  no  difference  between  it  and  the  poisoned  leg,  whereas  on  rraser^s 
hypothesis  it  ought  to  be  in  a  state  of  violent  spasm.  B  run  ton  expIaJili  I 
the  facts  by  the  theory  of  interference  between  nerve-vibrations.*  ■ 

h.  The  motor  nerves  of  involuntary  muscular  fibre  appear  to  be 
affected  by  A.  and  its  congeners  in  a  similar  way  to  those  of  voluntarjr 
muscular  fibre  by  curare — ^small  doses  of  A.  paralysing  the  former,  and 
only  large  doses  the  latter,  while  the  converse  is  the  case  with  curate,  1 
These  effects  are  usually  supposed  to  be  due  to  a  definite  paralytic  action  J 
on  the  nerves  themselves.     There  are  difficulties,  however,  in  the  way 
of  this  hypothesis,  and  a  more  probable  one,  perhaps,  is  that  these  drugs  I 
disturb  the  relations  between  the  nerves  and  the  muscular  fibres  which 
they  excite.     On  the  idea  of  a  specific  action  it  seems  hard  to  explain 
the  results  obtained  by  Szpilman  and  Luchsinger^  who  found  that  A.  j 
produced  paralysis  of  the  motor  fibres  of  the  vagi  supplying  the  ocso-  j 
phagus  only  in  those  parts  of  it  where  involuntary  fibre  is  present,  j 
Thus  the  cesophagus  of  the  frog  and  the  crop  of  birds  consist  of  involun*  I 
tary  muscular  fibre,  and  A,  destroys  the  motor  power  of  the  vagus  over  I 
them.     The  oesophagus  of  the  dog  and  rabbit  contains  striated  mus-  I 
cular  fibre,  and  A,  does  not  paralyse  its  motor  nerves*     That  of  the  cat 
contains  striated  fibre  in  its  upper  three  fourths  and  non-striated  in  its 
lower  fourth  ;  A.  destroys  the  motor  action  of  the  vagus  upon  the  upper 
part,  but  not  upon  the  lower  fourth, f 

f.  The  action  of  A.  on  the  excised  heart  of  the  frog  illustrates  the 
dependence  of  contradictory  statements  on  differences  in  the  tempera- 
ture at   which  the  observations    were    made*     Thus    Bowditch    and 
Luciani  found  that  the  contractions,  both  of  the  frog^s  heart  containing  j 
ganglia  and  of  the  apex  alone,  were  rendered   more  powcrfal    by  A.,  j 
while  Gnauck,  on  the  contrary,  found  that  the  contractions  of  the  vcn- 1 
tricle  were  diminished  by  it.     Kronecker  and  Schapiro  have  found  that  I 
these  contradictory  observations  are  both  correct,  but  at  different  tetn*  j 

^  Ringer  and  Murrell  consider  paralysis  and    tctaniis  to   be  mereJj  succedsivcl 
fonm  of  spinal  depression,  and  that  with  A.  the  latter  is  more  slowk  induced  than 
t*»c  former.— Eds. 
^      t  So  stated  by  Bnintonj  but  converse  is  needed  to  substantiate  \m  position. — Eds.  , 


BELLIS.  57 1 

peratures.  When  the  temperature  is  low  (7°  to  8°  C.)  the  ventricular 
contractions  are  enhanced  by  A.,  but  diminished  by  it  when  the  tem- 
perature rises  above  15^  C. 

d,  A.  paralyses  the  secreting  fibres  of  the  chorda  tympani  without 
affecting  the  vaso-dilator  fibres,  so  that  when  the  nerve  is  stimulated, 
either  directly  or  reflexly,  the  flow  of  blood  to  the  gland  is  increased, 
but  no  fluid  exudes  from  the  duct.  That  this  absence  of  secretion  is 
due  to  paralysis  of  secretory  nerves  and  not  of  the  secreting  cells  appears 
to  be  shown  by  the  fact  that  at  the  time  when  the  power  of  the  chorda 
to  induce  secretion  is  completely  paralysed,  stimulation  of  the  sympa- 
thetic will  still  induce  secretion.  A.  probably  has  a  similar  action  on 
many,  if  not  all,  glands,  including  the  sweat,  milk,  and  mucous  glands, 
the  pancreas,  and  the  liver.  It  does  not,  however,  prevent  secretion  in 
the  intestine  after  division  of  the  intestinal  nerves.  The  secretion  of 
urine  is  sometimes  increased. 

i.  Small  doses  increase  the  movements  of  the  intestines.  This 
action  is  probably  due  to  paralysis  of  the  inhibitory  fibres  of  the 
splanchnic,  since  stimulation  of  the  fibres  of  the  peripheral  end  of  the 
cut  splanchnic  will  cause  arrest  of  movement  in  the  unpoisoned,  but  not 
in  the  poisoned  animal.  Moderate  doses  completely  arrest  peristaltic 
movement,  but  the  muscular  fibres  of  the  intestine  retain  their  irrita- 
bility. Local  irritation  causes  a  local  contraction  but  no  peristalsis. 
This  is  probably  due  to  paralysis  of  the  intestinal  ganglia.  Large  doses 
stop  the  movements  and  paralyse  the  involuntary  muscular  fibres  of  the 
intestine,  so  that  they  only  contract  feebly  or  not  at  all  when  directly 
irritated. 

f.  A.  greatly  increases  the  tendency  to  epileptic  convulsions  in  dogs, 
so  that  they  can  be  produced  by  much  slighter  stimulation  than  usual, 
strychnine,  absinthe,  and  cannabine  having  a  similar,  and  bromide  of 
potassium  an  opposite  effect. 

g.  A  large  number  of  drugs,  more  particularly  A.,  curare,  coniine, 
and  nicotine,  when  injected  into  the  circulation,  have  the  power  of 
completely  destroying  the  inhibitory  influence  of  the  vagi  so  far  as  the 
rate  of  rhythm  is  concerned,  so  that  when  their  fibres  are  stimulated 
the  heart  is  not  arrested,  nor  are  its  beats  rendered  slower,  but  they  are, 
on  the  contrary,  quickened.  A.  and  its  congeners,  moreover,  prevent 
any  inhibition  occurring  when  the  venous  sinus  is  stimulated,  or  when 
muscarine  is  applied  directly  to  the  heart.  On  the  vagus  centre,  how- 
ever, the  drug  acts  as  a  stimulant,  this  being  evidenced  by  slowing  of 
the  pulse  disappearing  after  section  of  the  nerves.  (Brunton,  Pharm. 
and  Ther.). 


BELLIS. 

Bellis  pergnms^  L.     English  daisy.    Nat.  Ord.,  Composite. 

I.  Prvmngs, — i.  a.  After  taking  the  medicine  in  20  dr.  doses  of  the  pure  tincture 
for  14  d.  without  any  symptoms.  I  suspended  the  use  of  it.  In  two  weeks  after  leaving 
it  off,  for  the  first  time  in  my  life  I  had  a  large  boil  on  the  back  of  my  neck  (r.  side), 
commencing  with  dull  achine  pain ;  some  difficulty  and  bruised  pain  in  keeping  head 
erect  \  slight  nausea,  want  of  appetite,  and  a  little  giddiness  in  head  at  times.    Boil, 


571 


BELUS. 


beginning  Dec.  7th»  increased  with  burning  piin,  until  in  ^  d.  time  it  wa»  Tcry  tuft,  1 
of  dark,  fiery  purple  colour,  very  M3rc,  burning,  and  achiug,  accompanied  with  cold  1 
aching  Ironi  ui'Clput  to  sinciput,  brain  in  trontal  region  as  thougb  contracted.  On  I 
11th  had  pain  in  middle  ftnger  of  1.  hand  ai  of  a  ^thering,  for  i  c 

»amc  time  pain  in  inner  ?»idc  of  1.  forearm »  a*  of  a   boil   de.  toit 

similar  pain«  in  correifpondlng  parts  of  r.  arm.  Three  d.  altcrr  lum^  ^i>i  \><tii  suviherl 
made  its  appearance,  but  yielded  speedily.  I 

^,  On  Jan.  i  ath»  feeling  my  L  foot  Mimewhat  strained  after  running,  I  applied  tinct,, 
which  for  several  d,  aggravated  the  feeling  ;  and  in  5  d.  aiter  tbe  application  I  bad 
another  small  botl.  On  March  7th  I  chewed  !iome  daisy  flowers;  and  on  s  nh  aaflBJU 
boil  appeared  at  angle  of  r,  lower  jaw.  The  last  trial  I  made  with  the  3rd  diU,  t4lj^| 
3  drs,  on  Sunday,  March  znd,  in  next  year.  On  the  following  Friday  a  ^mall  p^^PV 
appeared  a  little  behind  angle  of  L  lower  jaw ;  it  increased  very  much  in  site  and  piifl 
by  Saturday,  when  I  treated  it  with  bellad.  tp  externally,  to  which  it  soon  pcklcd,       J 

A-i  at  no  other  time  in  my  life  have  1  suffered  trom  boiLs,  I  am   inclined  to  diinlJ 
that  these  were  due  to  the  use  ot  the  daisy.     (Dr.  H.  THOMASy  Brii,  Jtmni,  sf  h$mA 

XTI,  315,)  I 

1.  d. ,  male  adult,  proved  tinct.  in  18S0,  being  in  sound  health.     March  dth^^ 

look  1  o  dr.  in  water  at  bedttme,  and  repeated  dose  4.  time*  next  d.  After  each  of  laitcf 
aeries,  had  i.cnse  of  gurgling  and  even  stabbing  in  1.  hypochondrium,  tollowrd  by 
creeping  and  beating  in  L  temple  Slept  heavily  and  dreamt  strange  incohcrc  li^ 
all  muddled  together.  After  lying  in  bed  in  morning  on  back,  pressure  ■ 
region  causes  pain»  and  there  is  sense  of  hilne^  there ;  tongue  slightly  yellow,  j 
sion  in  1.  hypochoadriiim  is  felt  during  d.,  more  painfiil  after  meals  5  11  ?<frrn%  to  cxi 
up  to  diaphragm,  and  at  each  inspiration  there  is  **  rubbing  "  feeling  there*  At  5  pjn, 
took  1 1  dr.  Stitches  arc  now  added  to  symptoms  of  1.  side,  with  drowi^ines*  arai  lome 
lansitude.  The  eyes  now  feel  affected,  and  in  1.  there  i*»  twitching^  jerking  sensation  as 
when  sparks  are  taken  by  an  electric  machine.  That  e,  and  next  d.  stjtche5  continued, 
aggravated  by  slightest  movement ;  shifting  pain?^  across*  epigastrium  and  round  navel  j 
pulse  irregular  ;  hearth  action  at  times,  fluttering,  feelings  a.*  of  impending  suffocation. 
On  10th  took  none.  On  nth  took  15  dr.  before  going  to  bed,  with  us^ual  sensation  in 
spleen.  On  lath,  at  1.10  p.m.,  repeated,  and  felt  also  throbbing  pain  in  ),  temple  and 
increased  action  of  heart.  At  1 1 ,30  p.m.  repeated,  without  fresh  symptoms.  On  1 3th, 
at  7.10  a.m.,  repeated.  Lining  of  nose  now  begins  to  get  very  sennitive  and  sore,  and 
scabs  begin  to  form  in  nostrils.  Region  of  spleen  becomes  *iorer  and  sonrr,  so  that  diffi- 
culty is  felt  in  stooping.  Repeated  dose  at  11,30  p.m.  On  14th  took  15  dr.  at  8.15 
a,m.  and  lo  dr.  at  5  and  10,30  p»m.  Former  caused  griping  pains  at  pit  of  »tomacb« 
and  tongue  became  coated  with  browniiih  fur.  After  last  dose  symptoms  got  ¥»«r»e, 
felt  nearly  **  off  his  balance  \  *'  on  lying  down  nausea  and  swimming  in  head  as  if  on 
board  ship.  On  1 5th,  nostrils  getting  worse,  especially  I. ;  cannot  use  handkerchief. 
Did  not  take  dose  in  m.,  nausea  being  too  great ;  took  it  at  i  p.m.,  when  action  b 
always  felt  best ;  and  had  twitching  of  eyes,  especially  1.,  and  enlargement  of  $roaU 
veins  of  1.  temple.  Itching  of  anus  was  now  felt,  and  sense  of  heat  within  rectum^ 
sphincter  seems  less  elastic  than  usual.  Several  pimples  arc  coming  out  on  face  and 
neck,  which  is  unprecedented  with  him  j  there  is  a  large  and  troublesome  scab  on 
nucha;  itchiness  of  head  is  great,  and  glands  of  neck  arc  tight  and  sore.  Took  ao 
di.  at  bedtime,  i6th. — ^Slcep  heavy  but  dreamless.  At  i.fop,m.,  15  dr.  Old  scDsa* 
tion  in  spleen  is  set  going  wjth  fresh  vigour,  splenic  region  is  tight  as  a  drum.  For 
first  time  felt  action  on  brain,  like  that  of  alcohol.  Twitching  of  eyes  continues  | 
conjunctiva  dry  for  a  time,  then  profuse  lachrymation,  finally  agglutination,  especially 
-^n^L  side.     On  next  5  d.  took  two  doses  dally,  symptoms  growing  worse  and  worse* 

*  nirits  continuing  good.    Brain  getting  muddled,  in  excellent  spirits,  but  is  repeatedly 
i!'^'^  he  is  under  rnc  influence  of  *•  something  stronger  than  tea,**     Eyes  are  said  to 

while  v-q-  fearfully  and  standing  out  j  looks  haggard  and  careworn.    Faeces  becoming 

triclc  were 

these  con  trail' ^S  ^^"^  ^*'^  a  3rd,  when  he  began  with  10  dr.  at  9  a*m.     Giddiness, 

'on  in  region  of  cerebellum.     Repeated  dose  at  1  p.m.,  and  had 

♦  Ringer  and  M*  worse  than  before,     A  patch  on  1.  leg,  made  sore  18  months 

forms  of  spinal  deprc*t»^  became  tender  and  pimply.     Dreams  again  strangely  inco- 

the  former, Eds,         %^*     Soreness  at  anus  has  all   but  disappeared,  but  nasaJ 

t  So  stated  by  Brunv'"^**'^»'^g  lining  of  upper  lip.     Cannot  bear  to  rwist  inous* 


BERBERIS.  573 

tache.  Strange  shivering  sensations  crept  over  him ;  felt  uncertain ;  sight  dim,  stars 
look  double  and  through  telescope  seem  dancing  ;  heart  flutters  j  is  quite  out  of  sorts, 
and  out  of  patience  with  everybody  and  everything.  (In  letter  written  to  Dr.  Burnett 
on  this  d.  he  describes  his  mind  as  getting  confused,  his  memory  weak,  thoughts 
jumbled,  talk  incoherent ;  and  states  that  the  splenic  region  has  become  large,  the 
false  ribs  as  it  were  forced  out,  with  stitches  there.)  Slept  very  heavily,  found  tem- 
perature 96°  only;  pulse  50,  irregular ;  evacuations  had  been  growing  lighter,  and 
were  now  ochre-coloured.  Tongue  coated  with  yellowish  fur.  At  9a.m.  10  dr., and 
at  I  p.m.  1 5  dr.  Excessive  occipital  headache  all  afternoon  ;  eyes  heavy ;  drowsiness. 
35th. — Sensation  in  1.  side  growing  very  acute.  After  15  dr.  in  morning  very  heavy 
and  stupid  during  rest  of  d.  Is  laughed  at  for  asking  one  question  ever  so  often. 
Annular  ligaments  of  wrist,  especially  1.,  feel  contracted,  as  if  elastic  band  were  round 
joints.  Being  on  point  of  vomiting,  took  none  on  26th.  Resumed  proving  on  27th, 
with  diminished  Quantity.  On  28th,  blotches  on  1.  cheek  and  chin,  like  "  barbers' 
itch."  29th. — Spirits  getting  dull  j  cannot  tolerate  noise,  music  disagreeable.  30th. — 
"  Capsized  ;"  bram  muddled ;  shooting  pains  along  1.  leg  ;  distaste  for  food.  Aban- 
doned  proving,  but  it  was  a  month  ere  he  recovered  from  its  effects.*  (Burnett, 
Horn,  Worlds  April,  1884.) 

3.  Dr.  Lloyd  Tucicey  took  nearly  Jj  of  tinct.,  in  varying  doses,  without  effect. 
(Jhid:) 

4.  Miss  C.  C — ,  a  very  healthy  but  sensitive  maiden  lady  between  30  and  40,  took 
ist  dil.,  a  few  drops  daily,  and  attributed  following  symptoms  to  its  use  : — Languor, 
feels  ill  all  over  ;  burning  heat,  externally  and  internally,  at  n. ;  soreness  and  aching  of 
chest  5  bleeding  repeatedly  from  nose,  and  once  from  mouth ;  flatulence  ;  dryness  of 
mouth ;  sleeplessness.     (Ibid,) 

5.  "  I  have  myself  twice  made  short  provings  of  BcUis,  but  have  lost  my  notes. 
It  acted  laxatively  with  me,  and  produced  many  little  boils  with  mattery  heads." 
(Ibid.) 


BERBERIS. 

Including  B.  aquifoliumf  the  holly-leaved  barberry,  and  B,  *vulgarij,  L.,  the  common 
barberry.    Nat.  Ord.,  Berberidace^, 

I.  Provings. — i.  Dr.  Winterburn  proved  B.  aquifolium,  in  1879,  on  2  male  and 
3  female  students ;  in  1880  on  4  of  the  former  and  2  of  the  latter.  Five  of  these  took 
twice  a  day  10  dr.  of  fluid  extract  for  two  weeks,  and  then  Jj  daily  for  a  week.f  The 
other  6  took  drue  on  different  scales  of  increase,  only  one  taking  largest  dose  men- 
tioned.    The  following  summary  is  given  of  the  results  obtained  : 

a.  Mental  condition  showed  unhappiness  and  depression,  sometimes  coming  on 
suddenly  (without  cause),  and  sometimes  amounting  to  anguish ;  hysterical  crying  at 
frequent  intervals ;  nervousness  and  restlessness ;  disinclination  to  move,  or  do  any. 
thine ;  dull,  stupid  feeling ;  drowsiness  in  davtime.  The  mental  symptoms  appeared 
usually  on  snd  a.,  continued  throughout  provmg,  and  for  several  d.  subsequently  ;  they 
affected  all  the  provers. 

b.  Head. — Dizzy  sensation,  worse  when  sleeping  or  moving  ;  pain  on  rieht  side, 
pressing  like  a  weight  ;  pain  in  r.  temple,  running  down  into  teeth.  The  pams  were 
transitory  and  recurring,  and  disappeared  in  later  part  of  proving.  The  aizzy  sensa- 
tion was  part  of  the  general  biliousness  caused  by  the  drue. 

c.  Eyes. — Sensation  as  of  a  film  before  them ;  they  look  hollow  and  weak,  as  ii 
tired,  feeling  also  burning  and  aching,  as  from  strain — in  one  case  sense  of  weaiknetf 

*  Prover  adds  that  gums  and  mucous  lining  of  throat  were  much  affected,  and 
looked  dark  red,  reouinng  kali  bich.  to  restore  them.  He  describes  himself  while 
under  influence  of  B.  as  **  happy  as  a  king,  feeling  he  was  doing  strange  things,  but 
could  not  help  it ;  friends  with  everybody." 

f  In  original  report  of  these  provings  Dr.  Winterburn  speaks  of  the  doses  as  being 
**  from  ten  duops  to  three  ounces,"  and  of  the  experiments  extending  over  "  about  three 
months  (?  weeks).'*    The  statement  above  is  from  his  later  paper.— Eds. 


574 


BERBERIS. 


lasting  for  several  ^veeks  after  tennination  of  proving.     In  three  proven  lower  paJpcbraJ 

conjunctiva  was  very  decidedly  injected. 

d.  Nose. — Stuffy  feeling,  with  discharge  of  greenish-ycUow  mucmi  itchm|^  withiU 
,  nose,  with  desire  to  sneeze. 
I        e.  Face, — Blotches  and  pimples;  yellow  skin ;  flashes  of  heat  in  cheeks;  pinched 

expression. 

f.  Mouth, — Bilious  taste  after  eating;  thickly-coated  tongue,  cither  ycllow.brown 
or  pa'^ty-white ;  tongue  fech  as  if,  or  actually  is,  blistered  j  soreness  in  lower  teeth  and 
in  salivary  glands ;  dry  throat.  The  bilious  coating  of  tongue  dated  from  and  or  jrd 
d.,  blistering  from  end  of  2nd  week  j  dry  throat  occurred  during  3rd  week, 

g.  Stomach. —  Hunger,  even  soon  after  eating,  without  desire  for  food  ;  sudden 
nausea  after  eating;  burning  in  stomach  and  borborygml, — these  were  noticed  from 
first ;  during  second  week  there  were  cramps,  and  no  appetite. 

h.  Abdomen. — ^Uneasy  feeling,  without  desire  for  stool  j  pain  in  h^pogastrium. 
No  direct  sensations  were  felt  in  liver^  but  biliousness  was  a  marked  feature  in  all 
provcrs,  and  two  showed  a  peculiar  waxy  look  like  beginning  of  jaundice,  Upoti  th« 
spleen  B.  a.  has  a  very  positive  action,  causing  intense  burning  and  a  feeling  a&  if  it 
had  been  pounded.  Tnc  burning  was  very  marked  in  all  proven,  commencing  about 
7th  or  8th  day,  and  persisting  until  drug  was  discontinued,  producing  a  soreness  of 
which  all  complainea  bitterly. 

i.  Stool. — All  had  large,  free,  dark  movements  on  beginning  medicine,  one  had  hot 
bilious  diarrhoea.  This  was  followed  by  light-coloured,  varnished,  constipated  stook. 
Subsequently  stool  became  soft  and  natural  in  quantity  and  colour,  but  loo  large,  and 
expelled  with  great  difficulty, 

J.  Urinary  organs. — It  had  a  manifest  effect  on  kidneys  of  all  pro  vers,  increasing 
in  some  and  decreasing  In  others  amount  of  urine  voided.  No  change  in  appearance 
of  urine  w-as  noted,  and  no  analyses  were  made, 

i.  Generative  organs. — Drawing  and  pressure  tn  testicles,  slight  burning  in  vagina^ 
bearing-down  pains,  and  aching  as  if  menses  were  about  to  come  on. 

/.  Respiratory  organs. — On  either  3rd  or  4th  d,  each  of  the  prorers  had  what 
seemed  like  a  *'  bilious  cold/' — throat  choked  with  mucus,  voice  rough  and  somewhat 
hoarse,  expectoration  yellow  and  then  greenish.  Throat  vras  not  relaxed,  prover 
could  sing  intunt  and  without  fatigue,  but  voice  sounded  muffled,  as  if  a  damper  had 
,  been  closed  on  lar)^nx.  This  condition  developed  by  4th  week  into  a  most  interesting 
'  condition.  The  peculiar  lack  of  timbre  in  the  voice;  the  oppression  and  weakness 
of  the  upper  part  of  the  chest  (as  al!»o  burning  heat  in  lower  I.  lung)  j  the  dry,  irri* 
tative  cough ;  the  scanty,  tenacious,  blood -streaked  expectoration ;  the  pinched 
expression  ;  the  previous  gastric  disturbance  and  present  languor  and  debility  j  the 
accelerated  pulse  and  heightened  temperature,  gave  a  startfingly  vivid  picture  of 
phthisis  pulmonalis. 

m.  Extremities. — When  limbs  were  perfectly  still  they  were  free  from  pain, 
though  sometimes  there  was  a  feeling  of  numbness  and  a  sense  as  if  there  was  not 
strength  of  will  to  lift  the  part.  On  movement  there  was  cramp  (in  legs),  trembling 
and  uncertainty  of  motion,  and  pain.  The  latter  was  sometimes  severe,  and  rrscm" 
bled  that  following  a  heavy  blow.  One  prover  noticed,  for  several  weeks  afrcr 
discontinuing  the  medicine,  a  peculiar  prickling,  as  from  electricity,  on  back  of  hand 
and  outside  of  forearm,  lasting  only  momenrarilyT  but  returning  frequently,  and 
seemingly  independent  of  occupation,  position,  or  time  of  day.  Flashes  of  heat  and 
burning  of  palms  also  were  noted  by  one,  and  rheumatic  tension  and  stiffness  of  legs 
by  another. 

ff.  Circulation. — Diumalrise  of  temperature  and  pulses-rate  (15-10  beats)  dunng 
4tll  tc-4t)H;i^'ife-oi' j>roving. 

0,  Weak  lynder^thl  feeling,  better  for  exercise.  {N,  T.  Mid.  Timely  Oct,,  tSj^, 
and  North  Ame^iully  ^\d^i,Hom.,  May,  18S4.) 

4,  (Report  oi  "^^^  provers.)     *'  In  June  I  begiin  to  *  prove*  the  mcdici&e 

for  you.     f  had  retig  now  till  z^thc  rheumatism,*  and  was  in  good  health  and  spirits. 

kThe  only  bad  symjon  in^|fgtOTi"€  from  the   slight  illness  1   had  had  wa%  higbly 

I~ -^JC^,  worse  than  hm — -  - - 

I       •  This  was  in  r,  %e40W  became  tcndL  while  B,  a.  was  being  taken,  but  in  conjunc* 
|tJon  with  yirba  rheumK^  *g  "•    Soreness  ai  '*then  recorded  cannot  be  allowed  here. 


I^Eds. 


Q\V 


imo\vm^  Utving  of  upi 


BERBERIS.  575 

coloured  urine,  with  red  sediment.  The  first  d.  I  took  Xvj— one  teaspoonful  before 
breakfast,  four  teaspoonfuls,  one  hour  apart,  after  breakfast.  The  effect  was  four 
movements  of  the  bowels  during  the  m.,  faeces  large,  loose,  shining  as  if  varnished, 
dark  greenish.brown  in  colour.  I  had  considerable  nausea  after  each  dose,  and 
burning  in  stomach  j  but  after  effects  had  passed  away  (shortly  after  last  dose)  felt 
stronger  and  more  energetic  than  usual.  The  next  d.  I  doubled  the  doses,  taking 
5xij  in  the  same  space  of^time.  It  caused  nausea,  even  to  vomiting,  and  my  bowels 
were  constipated ;  no  motion  at  all  during  d.  I  continued  to  take  it,  but  only  Jx  a 
d,,  for  several  d.  The  bilious  symptoms  were  from  the  first  the  marked  ones  j  bitter 
taste  in  mouth,  yellowish,  pasty  tongue,  bilious  breath,  burning  in  stomach  and  region 
of  spleen,  the  latter  daily  for  several  d.  The  3rd  or  4th  d.  I  bad  what  seemed  like  a 
bilious  cold,  choked  with  mucus,  voice  rough  and  slightly  hoarse  ;  the  secretion  was 
yellow,  even  greenish  at  one  time.  My  throat  was  not  relaxed,  but  voice  seemed  cut 
offy  as  if  a  damper  was  closed ;  I  felt  as  if  my  lungs  were  weak.  About  the  3rd  or 
4th  d.,  I  bad,  just  before  rising,  a  severe  cramp  in  calf  of  I.  leg,  and  the  following  m. 
slight  cramps  in  both  legs,  and  a  momentary  paralysis  of  r.  foot.  A  very  great  depres- 
sion of  spirits  during  the  greater  part  of  the  time  that  I  was  taking  the  medicine  in 
these  large  doses  existed,  but  at  the  same  time  I  felt  a  tonic  effect  from  it.  I  had  a 
great  deal  of  transitory  headache  on  r.  side  of  front  of  head,  and  sometimes  the  pains 
would  pass  down  into  r.  jaw  j  my  tongue  and  gums  were  a  little  sore  several  times, 
and  at  last  I  had  slight  soreness  of  the  salivary  glands  on  pressure.  Urine  diminished 
in  quantity  from  ist  d.,  and  soon  became  clear  and  of  light  sherry  colour,  without 
the  least  sediment.  Had  rheumatic  pains  at  various  times,  but  although  the  weather 
was  favourable  to  another  attack,  I  did  not  have  it,  the  pains  being  wandering  and 
passing  away.  I  took  no  medicine  at  all  for  several  d.,  during  which  time  secretion 
in  throat  and  chest  symptoms  improved ;  bowels  continued  constipated,  but  I  felt 
well,  and  think  I  felt  withdrawal  of  medicine  less  than  I  do  now.  Urine  did  not 
increase  in  quantity,  and  remained  clear.  Then  I  took  5»v  a  d.  in  four  ounces  of 
water,  a  dose  every  fifteen  minutes.  Precisely  the  same  symptoms  were  set  up 
padually,  with  addition  of  eyes  troubling  me ;  sight  was  weak  and  eyes  slightly 
bloodshot,  with  some  congestion  in  under  eyelid.  I  felt  a  stronger  tonic  effect  from 
these  smaller  doses  than  I  did  while  using  it  in  the  larger  doses.  I  think  the  effects 
have  lasted  longer  than  then.  I  have  taken  none  for  9  d.,  and  feel  the  want  of  the 
tonic.  I  have  suffered  from  depression  of  spirits,  headache,  various  bilious  symptoms, 
burning  in  spleen,  variable  appetite,  at  times  very  little,  at  others  hungry,  dyspepsia. 
I  am  paler,  with  less  colour  by  far  in  lips  than  while  taking  the  B.  During  the  time 
I  was  taking  it  in  the  largest  doses,  I  looked  for  a  day  or  two  waxy,  yellow-white — and 
I  had  blue  rings  under  my  eyes  nearly  all  the  time.  I  think  my  skin  looks  clearer 
and  is  softer  and  with  fewer  blotches  than  before  using  it.  About  the  3rd  or  4th  d. 
after  discontinuing  it,  I  had  a  very  severe  pain  in  1.  side — neuralgic — quickly  passing 
away.  During  its  use  I  had  one  rheumatic  pain  of  a  different  nature  from  the  pains 
I  have  had  hitherto ;  my  r.  hand  and  wrist  felt  as  if  stunned  by  a  blow,  or  as  if  a 
heavy  weight  was  on  it.  This  lasted  about  half  a  d.  To-day  (20th)  I  have  felt  in 
better  spirits,  have  had  some  slight  rheumatic  pains,  no  movement  of  bowels,  good 
appetite,  skin  clear,  slight  headache  this  afternoon.     (IbU.) 

3.  Hesse  proved  B.  vulgaris  in  substance  on  himself,  a  man,  and  three  women. 
He  took  on  13th  March  an  infusion  of  }^ss  of  root,  and  repeated  dose  on  14th.  The 
other  man  took  on  April  4th  48  gr.  of  powdered  bark  of  root,  and  on  i  ith  an  infusion 
of  5iij  and  on  15th  a  decoction  of  5vj  of  root.  The  first  woman  took  on  a  3rd  April 
last.named  decoction  ;  the  second  on  15th  and  27th  March  infusions  of  Jss  and  5vj 
respectively  ;  the  third,  an  extract  of  Jj  of  the  decorticated  root  on  2i8t  and  of  5vj  of 
root  on  26th  March,  and  5ss  of  powdered  bark  of  root  on  28th  April. 

[As  results  of  these  11  doses  a  list  of  12 12  symptoms  is  given,  without  reference  to 
their  distinctive  subjects,  many  of  them  without  note  of  time  of  appearance,  and  this, 
when  stated,  sometimes  given  as  3,  6,  or  9  months  after  ingestion  of  medicine.  Under 
these  circumstances,  it  has  been  thought  well  to  select  for  full  statement  only  note, 
worthy  symptoms  specified  as  occurring  within  a  reasonable  time. — Eds.] 

a.  Mind. — One  of  the  female  provers  experienced  on  2nd  and  3rd  d.  remarkable 
melancholy  and  disinclination  to  speak,  which  she  could  in  no  way  overcome,  with  a 
quiet  (not  sensual)  longing. 

b.  Head. — Vertigo ;  confusion ;  sense  of  intoxication,  of  tension,  of  distension  and 


576 


BERBERIS. 


enlargement;  headache,  pressive,  stitching,  or  both,  chiefly  in  forehead  and  tcmpk 
aggravated  (as  is  also  distension  and  giddiness)  by  stooping,  Jind  bett-r    -     -  -   - 
tense,  puffy,  and  numb  sensation  in  integuments  of  bead  and  face*     S} 
were — heavy,  pressive  headache,  with  great  weariness  and  prostration  ( 
pain,  stitching,  paroxysmal,  lasting  i  to   3  m.,  especially  sho^jting  su 

supra-orbital  region  (ij  h- — 10  h,)  ;  stitching^  shooting,  or  also  tmr^ ^  .  .  .   ..-, 

pam  at  several  points  in  I.  frontal  region,  about  an  inch  above  Durgm  oi  orb 
extending  outward  and  upward  (3  h.). 

c.  Eyes. — Dryness,  and  biting  or  burning,  and  sometimes  also  an  itchinx 
often  with  feeling  as  if  sand  were  between  lids  and  bail,  at  times  with    ■  _^ 
junctival  redness  of  both  j  this  sjTnptom  appeared  early  in  proving,  and  li»i< 
intermissions  throughout,     Painfulness  ^titfncss,  pressure,  and  throbbing  wer 
sensations  experienced  ;  most  of  the  troubles  were  aggravated  in  open  air,  and 
eyes  increased  their  painfulncss.     Tearing  and  stitches  were  felt  in  orbitd  mAf^ 

d.  Ears. — Great  heat  in  L  outer  ear,  then  after  ij  h.  great  coldncis  of  «simel 
temple  {%  h.)  j  stitches  in  both  ears. 

t.  Nose,— Mucous  membrane  of  nose  seemed  in  most  provers  dry,  with  little  « 
charge  ;  in  one,  however*  later  on  a  cor^-za,  lasting  some  months,  appeared  in  I.  nof»ti 
and  apparently  involved  frontal  and  maxillar)'  sinuses;  at  first  of  yellowish  watd 
smelling  as  if  burnt,  afterwards  purulent,  sometimes  whitish,  sometimes  yellowish 
greenish,  mucus,  also  smelling  (and  tasting)  as  if  burnt,  w^as  blown  from  no^,  \ 
hawked  up,  especially  in  m*,  but  not  in  great  quantity. 

/.  Face. — In  those  much  affected  by  drug  remarkable  paleness  of  face  with  dirt^ 
crcyish    appearance,    sunken    checks,   deeply-seated    eyes   surrounded    by    blui'vh 
blackish-g^ey  circles,  with  very  sickly  expression,  for  a  long  time,     Tearing  stitchi0 
pain  in  r,  cheek,  shooting  by  jerks  into  temples,  for  several  m,  {%\  h.). 

g.  Mouth.— -Stitches  in  some  molars,  with  feeling  as  if  they  were  too  Jong  (a  hj 
fine  stitches  in  tongue,  especially  r.  (md  d.) ;  dryness  and  sticky  sensation  in  1 
of  all  provers, 

h.  Throat* — After  4  h.  scraping  sensation  as  in  commencing  angina,  compellid 
to  hawk  and  raise  frequently,  without  difficulty  in  swallowing,  for  several   h,  j  afi 
II  h.,  dryness  and  pressure;  on  ^nd  and  3rd  d.  arches  of  palate,  uvula,  toni^iU  inJ 
pharynx  are  somewhat  red ;  from  5tb  to  7th  d.  pain  in  1.  tonsil,  caused  or  incrca^d 
by  speaking  and  swallowing,  with  sensation  as  if  seed  of  a  fruit  were  stickitig  ihtt\ 
j»rts  are  red,  and  sensitive  to  external  pressure. 

1.  Stomach. — In   most  provers  increased  appetite  at  first,  and  in  severmi  thin 
also. 

/.  Abdomen.— After  15  m.,  violent  sticking  pain  for  i  h,  in  hepatic  region,  * 
same  in  region  of  gall-bladder  frequently  in  more  than  one  prover;  much  vrorki^ 
in  bowels  with  some  griping,  in  most  cases»     About  10  p.m.  on  4.th  d,  violent 
sharp  pain  in  upper  abdomen  (in   front  of  kidneys),  extending  upwards  to  I*,  vr 
much  increased  by  breathing,   motion,  and  touch,  respiration  therewith  short 
belly  distended  and  hard  ;  pains  return  next  m.  on  standing  erect,  and  recur  fio 
time  to  time,  but  are  less  severe.     The  inguina]  regions  are  the  seal  o^  much 
generally  sharp,  the  glands  there  became  tender  In  one  case  (3rd  d«),  and  in  anoti 
varicose  veins  appeared. 

k.  Rectum  and  Stool — Anus  was  seat  of  much  heat,  ftilncss,  tind  somctin 
pain;  during  2nd  and  3rd  weeks  in  one  prover  haemorrhoids  ftequently  appear 
with  pain  at  stool  and  some  blood  (it  is  not  said  w^hether  this  was  new  to  i 
subject).     The  large  doses  purged  gently,  constipation  ensuing. 

/.  Urinary  organs. — Sharp  pains  passing  trom  one  part  of  urinary  tract 
another  were  very  common  ;  and  urethra  was  frequently  seat  of  burning  and  cuttiti 
even  independently  of  nassage  of  urine.  Three  provers  had  pressive  pain  in  regid 
of  bladder,  whether  full  or  empty.  Urine  was  sometimes  diminished,  sometime 
increased ;  when  copious,  of  light  colour,  clear,  or  only  with  a  little  mucus,  whid 
does  not  always  deposit,  when  scanty,  turbid,  flocculent,  like  clayey  water,  throwid 
down  a  mucous  sediment,  mixed  with  a  white  or  whitish  grey,  and  later  a  red,  met 
former  condition  obtained  at  commencement  and  during  aggravations,  the  litt( 
during  reaction  from  medicine.  This  is  the  general  account  to  be  given,  but  the 
was  variation  even  on  single  d,;  urine  was  nearly  always  cioudy  in  m. ;  pains 
Join*  usually  accompanied  its  morbid  conditions.     One  prover  had   blnnd-nd 


BERBERIS.  577 

speedily  becoming  turbid  and  depositing  a  thick  mucous  and  bright-red  mealy  sedi. 
ment,*  slowly  becoming  clear,  but  always  retaining  its  blood-red  colour;  with 
violent  pains  m  kidneys. 

m.  Sexual  organs. — Freaucnt  erections  (ist  d.);  menstruation  became  shorter  and 
scantier,  also  more  painful,  on  xst  and  2nd  occasions  after  taking  drug.  The 
following  statement  ot  after.results  must  be  taken  for  what  it  is  worth.  "  In  the 
fourth  return  menstruation  occurred  one  d.  too  soon ;  discharge  was  greyish  mucus, 
then  bloody;  scanty.  The  5th  period  omitted  entirely;  on  the  6th  some  watery 
blood  passed ;  then  until  the  8th  inclusive  greyish  mucus ;  for  some  d.  previous  to  it 
violent  tearing  in  limbs,  with  severe  sacral  ^sometimes  one-sided)  pain,  as  if 
broken  and  sore,  almost  as  in  labour,  so  that  she  could  not  lie  on  it ;  sometimes 
also  pain  in  one  hip-bone ;  dragging  pain  in  thighs,  extending  to  calves,  especially 
in  veins,  which  are  distended  with  blood ;  also  pain  in  lumbar  rejgion ;  once  in  e.  in 
bed  violent  shootimg^  on  1.  side  of  abdomen  near  navel,  extending  m  long  stitches  into 
1.  side  of  vagina ;  fretful  mood,  as  tired  of  life ;  smarting  pain  in  vagina,  also  violent 
burning  and  feeling  of  soreness  in  anus ;  pressive  pain  in  upper  arm  and  shoulder, 
extendmg  into  neck." 

«.  Respiratory  organs. — Feels  raw  in  chest  as  from  catarrh,  and  an  habitual 
occasional  expectoration  is  increased  (2nd  to  6th  d.). 

0.  Neck  and  Back. — Liehtning-like  sharp  stitches  as  it  were  jump  up  from  r. 
clavicle  along  r.  neck  (4th  d.).  Violent  shooting  cutting  tearioes  on  1.  side  of  neck 
in  muscles  near  axis,  lasting  several  m.,  with  painful  stifmess  of  neck,  so  that  he  is 
not  able  to  move  head  (3rd  d.).  Suddenly  when  leaning  against  arm  of  a  chair  a 
violent  deep-seated  pain  running  from  point  of  scapula  to  shoulder-joint,  and  thence 
down  inner  side  of  arm  to  elbow;  parts  seem  bruised,  swollen  or  ulcerated, 
shoulder-joint  feels  as  if  sprained ;  on  raising  arms  sensation  extends  into  chest  and 
arrests  breathing  $  pain  often  extends  to  r.  neck,  is  relieved  in  rest,  pressure  and 
movement  increase  or  excite  it  anew;  upper  arm  pains  deep  in  bone,  as  if  something 
were  alive  there;  on  2nd  d.  chilliness  in  affected  part,  extendinjg  down  to  renal 
region,  with  goose-flesh  (%fd  to  8th  d.).  Tensive  shooting  pain  from  lower  dorsal 
to  lumbar  vertebrae  (2nd  d.).  Twinging  pain  in  sacrum  with  desire  for  stool 
(ist  d.). 

/.  Extremities.— Pain  in  1.  shoulder,  especially  deep  in  joint  in  front,  as  if  in 
head  of  humerus,  and  as  if  parts  were  swollen,  especiallv  when  moving  arms  back- 
wards, and  also  on  pressure,  lasting  several  h.  (5th  d.).  Tearing  in  1.  shoulder, 
extending  across  whole  scapula  and  down  back,  especially  on  motion,  for  several  d. 
r6th  d.).  Sensation  as  if  cold  drops  of  rain  fell  on  back  of  hand  when  she  went 
from  house  into  open  air  (ith  d.).  Sensation  of  weakness,  and  as  if  bruised,  in  lower 
extremities,  sometimes  with  heaviness  and  stifBiess,  also  paralysed  feeling,  as  after  a 
long  march  or  as  if  parts  were  strained,  and  muscles  were  too  thick ;  chiefly  in  soft 
parts,  but  also  not  seldom  in  bones,  with  pains  which  are  readily  excited  (though  not 
always  aggravated)  by  motion.  This  occurred  through  nearly  whole  time  of 
proving,  sometimes  worse,  sometimes  better. 

q.  Fever. — In  first  hours,  some  heat  in  head  and  face,  or  over  whole  body ;  on 
and  d.  chilliness  over  whole  body,  so  that  she  shivers,  followed  by  heat,  for  a  few  m. ; 
on  3rd  d.  rapidly  creeping  chills,  even  shiverings  in  various  parts,  chiefly  beginning  in 
face  and  arms  and  exten^ng  over  back  and  chest,  followed  by  heat,  with  anxiety  and 
oppKSsion  at  chest,  especialfy  in  forenoon  and  e. ;  the  heat  was  so  violent,  that  she 
felt  she  must  spring  into  water. 

r.  After  6—10  h.  general  prostration,  so  that  she  had  no  desire  to  do  anything. 
Great  fatigue  in  e.,  he  goes  to  bed  2  h.  sooner  than  usual,  and  falls  asleep  with 
unwonted  rapidity.    (Joum.f.  horn,  ArtmeimttilUkrey  i,  i.) 

4.  One  of  the  women,  after  the  action  of  the  large  doses  had  ceased  for  8  d.,  took 
a  drop  of  the  5th  diJ.  of  the  tinct.,  and  found  many  of  the  former  symptoms  return 
in  redoubled  force,  extension  and  duration.    (JbidJ) 

5.  The  second  male  prover,  all  his  symotoms  having  disappeared  by  April  27th, 
took  on  that  d.  a  drop  of  the  same.  He  felt  in  hepatic  region  at  border  of  the  ribs 
three  inches  from  linea  alba  shooting  pain  extending  to  eastric  region,  increased  by 
pressure,  that  lasted  i  h.    It  came  on  while  walking.     (He  had  the  same  symptom 

•  With  this  10  one  case  there  were  yellowish -red  crystals. 

37 


578 


BERBERIS. 


ftfter  4%  gn.  of  the  powdered  birk).     Next  d,  had  a  rheumatic   Umtng 
shoulder  and  §ome  shooti  over  U  eye.     (Bf*^.) 

6.  A  girl,  «t,  1 8,  got  from  nth  Feb.,  daily  at  noon,  from  si 5  to  30  and 
a  tincture  made  of  50  dr.  of  6th  dil.  with  1  02.  water.      Scxin  scrajiing  in  ( 
relieved  by  drinking  water.     Woke  at  night  with  intense   thirst. — lath.     On  j 
tearing  pain  in  both  renal  regions,  which  extended  >ideways,  forwards^  up  and  i 
involving  the  whole  back  between  thorax  and  pelvis.     On   stooping  and  vthrn  j 
the  lower  part  of  back  felt  stiff.     Pressure  in  both  eyes  and  pairs  when  they  axe  1 
with  heat  and  burning  in  them,  conjunctivae  of  border  of  lids  very  red,  aJao  the « 
partially,     Pressive  headache,  as  though  the  head  would  burst,  or  as  if  it 
dow^n  by  a  heavj  weight,  heal  of  head,  diyness  of  nose   and   feeling  at 

taking  cold,  with  frequent  sneezing.     The    conjunctivitis    much    incrcs! 

afternoon.     The  conjunctiva  bright  and  unifonnly  red  j  great  burning  in 
pain  especially  when  moving  them.     Could  not  see  to  sew  as  everything  ran  I 
Light  dazzles.     Eyes  quite  dry.     In  afternoon  great  itching   in   akin  of  kz 
thighs,  scratching  relieved  transiently. — i  jtb.  State  much  the  same.      Urine  witl 
mucous  sediment. —  15th.  After  supper  pressive  sensations  in  stomach,  as  tho 
would  burst.     No  stool  for  1  d.     Several  times  during  d.  violent  burning,  j 
itching  inr,  cheek  from  ear  down  to  lower  jaw. — i6th.  Great  weight,  transient  i 
of  weakness  in  lower  limbs,  especially  thighs,  felt  most  when  going  up<t  " 
great  weariness.     All  symptoms  aggravatecfin  afternoon.     {Ihid,y 

7,  A  girl,  art.  14,  who  has  not  menstruated,  got  s5th  Feb.,  at  bedtime,  10  i 
the  6  diL,  16th,  m.  and  e.  10  dr.»  »7ih,  jo  dr.  m,,  18th  to  ist  March,  eachl 
doses  of  10  dr.  On  i(Sth  pain  in  abdomen,  m.  in  bed^  at  8  a.m.  bitter  taste.- 
Aching  pressing  headache,  great  weariness  and  prostration.^ — 18th.  Afternoon,  i 
cutting  in  abdomen  as  though  diarrhoea  would  comeon,*-ist  March,  tn,  and  a ' 
diarrhoea,     (Ibid,) 

8.  A  girl,  aet.  19^  got  from  X4th  Feb.  to  5th  March,  at  first  15  rising  to  40  ( 
6th  diL,  every  day  one  or  two  dose^. — X4th.  Pressive  headache,  as  though  ion 
would  be  pushed  out.  From  noon,  burning  in  eyes,  eyelids  red  on  their  inner  i 
and  white  foam  on  their  borders  j  headache  as  though  skull  would 
stooping  feeling  as  of  wobbling  in  head,  and  as  if  all  would  come  out  at  fon 
sometimes  twitching  tearing  in  temples ;  twice  diarrhccic  stools. — 26th,  Hea 
continues^  but  not  so  severe  ;  sometimes  chilly  feeling,  especially  on  coming 
10  cold :  stuffy,  pasty,  burnt  feeling  in  mouth  and  throat.  Afternoon  as 
burnt  like  fire  and  were  quite  dry.  When  sewing  blackness  before  eyes ;  daylS 
lamplight  daizlc. — 17th  and  18th,  Eye  symptoms  continue  j  eyelids  inflamed] 
swollen,  especially  1, — ist  March,  Teanng  in  L  shoulder,  all  over  scapula,  down  I; 
especially  on  moving  ;  this  lasts  several  days, — jrd  to  5th.  Diarrhcea  with  cutt 
or  4  times  a  d.  The  eyes,  which  were  better  from  the  3rd,  became  worse,  Nc 
all  s)Tnptoms  gone.     {IbU,) 

B6rb6rinu]ii.--An  alkaloid  contained  in  berberis  vulgaris,  hydnutiSj  and  \ 
other  plants. 

I.  Pro'vittgj. — I.  A  nurse,  «t.  40,  complained  of  some  haemorrhoidal  «ynipti 
chiefly  Itching  and  burning  in  arms,  otherwise  health  good.     She  got  from  ^r 
6th  Feb.,  m.  and  c,  i  gr.    On  5th  and  6ih  had  bitter  taste,  hard  scanty  stool ^  diste 
of  abdomen,  pressure  in  chest  anteriorly,  great  anxiety  and  restlessness,  flu 
heat  in  facej  e,,  bad  appetite,  great  weariness  and  prostration,  could  han~ 
great  drowsiness  by  d,,  lachr)'mosc  humour,  feels  inclined  to  cry  out  aloud,  ^^ 
aching,  and  dimness  of  eyes,  swollen  feeling  of  eyelids,  red  inner  surface  of  liJ^P 
by  artificial  light  like  a  veil  before  eyes,  horrible  pressive  headache  in  forehead,  i 
feeling  in  head. — 4th  and  6th,  After  midnight  profuse  sweat. — 7th.  ChiHine'Ssall  i 
8th,  Very  prostrated  and  chilly.     The  next  d.  all  the  symptoms  gradually  subsided 
the  burning  in  eyes  continued  till  nth,  and  the  distension  of  abdomen,  pressu 
head,  and  abnormal  stools  lasted  some  weeks.     (Hesse,  /sr.  af.) 

1,  A  labourer,  act,  21,  convalescent  from  smallpox,  which  had  left  behind  1 
of  edges  of  lids,  got  on  37th  Feb.,  at  11.30  a.m.,  10  gr,     Atter  2  h,  frequent  bt| 
eructations  and  warmth  and  working  all  over  body,  frequent  flushes  of  h^ 
and  chest,  with  anxiety,  feeling  of  working  in  abdomen,  most  in  uml  i 
frequent  emission  of  flatus Jittlc  appetite,  frequent  irritation  with  burning 


BISMUTHUM.  579 

pain,  vertigo,  out-pressing  headache,  as  though  head  would  sink  down,  in  e.  a  copious 
feculent  diarrhoeic  stool  with  much  straining,  at  n.  profuse  sweat.  Next  m.  felt  very 
weak  in  limbs,  appetite  returned.  Afternoon  4  diarrhoeic  stools,  headache,  heat,  and 
vertigo  continued  and  got  worse  in  afternoon.  In  m.  again  profuse  sweat.  From 
this  time  the  symptoms  gradually  subsided,  but  the  stools  continued  loose  till  8th 
March,  generally  2  or  3  per  diem,  with  some  cutting.     Eyes  got  better.     (Ibid.) 

3.  A  sewing  girl,  act.  21,  quite  healthy  except  tor  pains  with  menses,  took  from 
23rd  to  26th  March,  m.  and  e.,  i  gr.  and  on  27th  and  28th,  m.  and  e.,  2  gr.,  altogether 
12  gr.  On  26th,  after  dinner  and  all  afternoon  intense  thirst  and  flushing  of  face,  espe- 
cialTy  on  1.  side  and  in  1.  eye. — 28th.  Eruption  of  papules  on  thighs,  which  she  had 
before,  became  increased,  and  itched  much. — 29th.  A  considerable  gelatinous  sediment 
in  urine,  which  was  dark  yellow. — 30th.  Anorexia.  During  first  days  costive  stools, 
in  the  m.  chilliness  over  back,  cutting  boring  sensation,  afternoon  ana  e.  heat  of  face, 
chiefly  in  eyes  and  round  about  them  ;  sometimes  cutting  in  abdomen ;  the  heat  and 
burning  in  eyes  were  very  severe  on  30th  and  31st,  palpebral  conjunctiva  red ;  when  she 
washed  her  eyes  with  cold  water  she  felt  as  if  a  skin  were  drawn  over  them.  Sleep  at 
n.  disturbed  by  itching  on  thighs  and  disagreeable  dreams.  By  d.  always  tired  and 
sleepy.  General  weakness  of  limbs,  especially  legs,  which  pained  her  on  going  up- 
ftairs.     (Ibid.) 

4.  A  girl,  set.  19,  got  7  gr.  She  had  only  occasional  cutting  and  pressure  in 
abdomen.     (Ibid.) 

5.  Herberger  took  4  gr.in  m.,  and  had  eructations ;  cuttings  and  rumblings  in 
abdomen,  with  copious  fluid  stools ;  later,  painless  desire  for  stool,  and  thin  evacua- 
tions without  pain;  weak,  sick  feeling.     (Wibmer,  op,  cit.) 

III.  Experiments  on  Ammals. — i.  Given  to  fowls  in  pills  amounting  to  a  quantum 
of  4  to  8  gr.,  with  each  day's  food,  the  drug  caused  progressive  loss  of  appetite,  to  the 
extent  of  producing  marked  inanition.    (rHiLLiPS,  op,  cit.) 


BISMUTHUM. 

Including  the  sub-nitrate,  magistery  of  B.,  Bi20,.2HNO, ;  the  nitrate,  BiOj.HNO^ ; 

and  the  oxide,  BiO,. 

1.  Provings. — i.  Hahnemann, -A&/.  il//rf.  Pwr^,  vol.  vi  of  original, 
vol.  i  of  translation.  Contains  11  symptoms  from  self  and  97  from 
three  others,  obtained  from  sub-nitrate.  (H.  calls  his  preparation  an 
oxide ;  but  the  directions  he  gives  for  making  it  are  those  now  consid^ 
ered  to  result  in  a  sub-nitrate.) 

2.  Wernek  proved  nitrate*  on  several  persons. — a.  A  girl,  aet.  18, 
took  6  gr.  in  m.  fasting.  In  i  h.  heat  and  confusion  of  head  ;  pulse 
quick,  small,  and  tense ;  tongue  moist  and  red.  Next  d.  at  5  a.m. 
some  griping  in  bowels,  followed  by  two  liquid  rather  bilious  stools. 

b.  A  girl,  aet.  19,  took  6  gr.  In  i  h.  pressivc  pain  in  frontal  region 
and  vertigo  on  moving.  After  2  h.  heat  all  over  body,  pulse  quick, 
contracted.  After  3  h.  frequent  emptv  eructations  and  discomfort  in 
stomach,  soon  followed  by  a  liquid  stool. 

c.  A  boy,  act.  6,  took  6  gr.  in  soup.  After  i^  h.  complained  of 
nausea,  soon  followed  by  inodorous  eructations.  Pulse  beat,  6  times  only, 
spasmodically  and  tense. 

d.  Eight  males  between  24  and  30  years  of  age  took  the  ist  d.  6, 
2nd  d.  8^  3rd  d.  10,  4th  d.  12  gr.  i  h.  after  each  dose  they  had  some 
headache,  vertigo,  and  spasmodic  pulse.  Then  pressure  in  stomach 
and  empt^  eructation.     All  symptoms  gone  in  2  h. 

*  $0  galled  i  probably  sub-nitrate.-r-EDS, 


580 


BISMUTHUM. 


/.  A  strong  man,  act.  28,  took  15  gr,  without  effect.     Next! 
took  20  gr.     After   i^  h.  considerable  headache,  vertigo,  pressure] 
forehead,  feeling  of  heat  all  over  body,  conjunctiva  considerably 
dened,  pulse  tense,  spasmodic,  tongue  furred.     After  3i  h.  tiresc 
pressure   and    burning  in    stomach.       After   4   h.    much  wind 
stomach. 

f.  Another  man   took    15  gr.     This  caused  slight  transient  he 
ache.     After  i    h.   some  pressure  in  stomach.     After  2  h.  much 
from  stomach,  a  thin  bilious  stool, 

g.  A  robust  man,  aet.  30,  took  40  gr.  fasting.  After  \  h.  pressij 
in  stomach,  vertigo,  headache,  especially  in  forehead,  red  eyes,  Si4 
dim,  tongue  furred,  taste  bitter,  thirst  increased,  no  appetite,  py 
small,  tense,  spasmodic.  After  i  h.  later  burning  in  stomach.  A( 
1^  h.  violent  eructation^  griping  in  bowels,  vomited  twice  bilious  mat 
After  3  h.  a  liquid  bilious  stool. 

/i,  A  man  took  a  dose  (not  mentioned  how  much),  had  the  sa 
symptoms  in  slighter  degree.  No  vomiting,  but  after  5  h.,  with  viol 
griping  in  bowels^  had  two  liquid  bilious  stools. 

I.  Wernck  himself,  aet.  42,  took  after  soup  20  gr.  dry  on  tone 
Pulse  full,  large,  soft,  80,     The  powder  when  swallowed  felt  astring 
After  \  h.  discomfort  in  stomach  and  slight  transient  pain  in  forehe 
Aft-er   I    h.  pressure  in  stomach,  rumbling  in  bowels  and  eructatii 
Night  restless,  pulse  at  midnight  95,  spasmodic.    On  rising,  head  daa 
After  \  h.  took  30  gr,  in  water.     \n  another  \  h.  pressure  in  stoma 
frontal  pain,  vertigo,  redness  of  conjunctiva  ;  pulse  small,  contract 
hard,  87  j  temperature  somewhat  increased,  tongue  furred  white,  mii 
thirst,  no  appetite.     After  \  h,,  after  drinking  water,  eructation  of  1 
nausea  and  slight  bilious  vomiting.    At  6  p,m.  2  loose  stools  with  gripii 
Next  m.  took  40  gr,,  pulse  quiet,  82,  full,  soft.     After   10   m,  sli, 
nausea,  then  pressure,  later   burning  in  stomach,  pressure  in  forehe 
vertigo,  noise  in  cars,  conjunctiva  red^  pulse  quick,  hard,  small. 
At  8  a.m.  violent  vertigo,  headache,  heat  all  over  body.     At  8,30  ; 
violent  eructation,  difficult  respiration,  nausea.     At  9.30  a.m.   \\ 
bilious  vomiting.     At  4  p.m.  griping  in  bowels  with  two  liquid  stc 
{Mid^'chir,  Zfltungy  ^831,  vol.  iii,  70,  p.  312.) 

3.  A  girl,  aet.  22,  took  Jan,  2i5t,  1792,  8  gr.  fasting  without  cffi| 
On  22nd  took  16,  on  23rd  24  gr.     Perspired  freely  at  n.,  a  tfc 
to  which  she  was  not  accustomed*     On  25th  took  30  gr.     Had  3  std 
during  d,,  and  at  n.  sweat  was  more  copious  and  accompanied 
burning  feeling  in   skin.      On   26th  took  3ij,  which  caused  nau 
salivation,  eructations,  increased   heat,  and  quicker  pulse.     In 
more.     Sweat  and  heat  as  before  in  n.,  with  urgent  nausea  and  voa 
ings  ;  former  lasted  into  next  d.     She  bad  some  gripings,  and  stootsi 
last  2  d.  were  fluid.     Took  no  medicine  till   Feb.  2nd,  and   felt   q^ 
well.     On  that  d.   3SS,  followed  by  some  nausea,  and  at  o.  heat 
sweat ;  latter  also  next  d.     On  4th  3J  ;  nausea^  eructations,  and  voa 
ing,  with  quickened  pulse.     Same  dose  in  e.  brought  on  symptoci 
Jan.   26th.      Appetite  remained   good    throughout.      (KercjcsicJ 
Schlegers  Thesaurus  Mat,  Mtd,^  li,  321). 

4.  Seven  boys,  at*  10  to  \\^  robust^  took  B.  for  ascarides. 


BISMUTH  UM.  s8i 

^3^^^  8  grs.  each.  Two  found  no  effect,  two  had  some  gripings,  three 
had  loose  stools,  with  gripings  in  one.  At  n.  5  out  of  the  7  sweated. 
On  14th,  same  dose.  In  3  there  was  some  looseness,  and  on  i6th — 
no  more  medicine  having  been  taken — 2  of  these  still  had  fluid  stools. 
Another,  as  strong  as  the  rest^  complained  this  m.  of  burning  and 
shooting  pain  in  various  parts  of  abdomen,  also  of  burning  heat  and 
sense  of  intoxication.  He  had  several  loose  stools,  with  some  relief 
therefrom.  In  afternoon,  giddy,  tipsy,  morose ;  his  aspect  was  sad ; 
abdomen  soft ;  pain  was  not  increased  by  pressure,  but  he  disliked  it 
when  made  on  epigastrium.  Tongue  clean  ;  acid  and  bitter  eructations. 
He  complained  also  of  headache,  bitter  taste,  and  great  thirst  j  pulse 
was  hard,  full,  and  quick.  At  n.  fair  sleep,  but  broken  by  terrors ; 
much  borborygmus,  and  about  dawn  stool  and  bilious  vomiting.  In 
m.  abdomen  was  easier,  but  he  had  lumbago,  and  at  times  difficulty  of 
breathing.  Pulse  hard  and  full,  but  less  quick.  Gradually  improved, 
but  tongue  on  i8th  was  whitish  yellow.  Headache,  vertigo  and  intoxi- 
cated feeling  continued  after  other  symptoms  had  passed  away.    {Ibid,) 

II.  Poisonings, — 1.  Kerner  gives  the  following  case  :  A  man, 
aet.  40,  robust,  full-blooded,  given  to  drink,  got  by  mistake  for  heartburn 
5ij  of  mag.  bism.,  whereupon  immediately  there  occurred  vomiting, 
diarrhoea,  retching  and  burning  in  throat.  Next  d.  the  same  symptoms 
continued  ;  pulse  was  small,  extremities  cold,  cramps  in  hands  and  feet. 
Fauces  and  uvula  inflamed,  thirst,  burning  in  throat,  difficult  deglutition, 
dry  nose,  bad  taste.  Next  n.  was  tolerable,  but  the  following  m. 
increased  sore-throat,  eructations,  nasty  taste,  strong  fever,  weight  in 
body,  face  and  hands  swollen,  stools  loose.  He  got  an  opiate  emulsion 
and  leeches  to  throat.  In  afternoon  there  was  burning  of  skin,  impeded 
respiration,  stupe&ction,  mist  before  eyes.  Not  a  drop  of  urine  passed 
since  the  drug  was  swallowed,  and  yet  the  bladder  is  not  distended. 
Next  d.  less  fever,  skin  dry,  still  no  urine  passed,  abdomen  distended^ 
painless,  bowels  open.  Every  h.  became  more  paralysed  in  all  parts. 
On  4th  d.  fever  increased,  pain  in  abdomen,  face  red,  great  heat,  stools 
thin.  A  vein  was  opened.  5th  d.,  colic  increased  ;  no  urine  yet,  but 
bladder  not  painfid  -,  delirium.  6th  d.,  abdomen  very  large,  foetid  eruc- 
tations and  diarrhoea,  pulse  full  and  febrile,  intolerable  taste  in  mouth, 
thirst  and  great  burning  in  throat.  7th  d.,  pale  urine  passed,  abdomen 
still  distended,  pulse  small  and  weak.  Amid  anxiety,  asthma,  cadaverous 
smelling  diarrhoea,  generally  increasing  insensibility,  delirium,  died  on 
1 0th  d.  P.M.  showed  brain  not  very  full  of  blood,  betwixt  the  convo- 
lutions a  gelatinous  deposit,  some  fluid  in  the  cavities,  the  velum  palati, 
tonsils,  uvula,  root  of  tongue  and  epiglottis  in  a  state  of  mortification, 
the  lining  membrane  of  larynx  dotted  with  black  spots.  Lungs  normal, 
interior  of  both  ventricles  of  heart  of  bright  inflammatory  red  colour. 
Intestines  all  distended  with  gas  ;  stomach  and  bowels  all  inflamed  with 
gangrenous  patches  in  them  ;  m.m.  macerated,  easily  detached.  Urinary 
apparatus  normal.  Spinal  vessels  full  of  blood,  especially  about  cauda 
equina.     {Heidelberger  klin.  AnnaUn^  1829,  vol.  v,  14,  3,  p.  348.) 

2.  The  same  writer  describes  among  the  eflFects  induced  by  a  dose  of 
40  gr.  of  the  medicine,  oppression  and  constriction  of  epigastrium, 
ndntness^  headache,  injected  conjunctivae,  anxious  expression,  bitter 


S82 


BISMUTHUM. 


taste  in  mouth,  thirst,  anorexia,  and  a  small  tense  pulse.     (StillEi 
9p,  at*) 

3.  SoBERNHEtM)  after  narrating  Kerner's  case  (No.  1),  descffbcs 
■another  which  was  fatal  in  9  d.  after  a  like  dose  of  the  medicine  had 
been  taken.  The  symptoms  were  those  of  intense  gastro-entcritis,  and, 
iin  addition,  swelling  of  face^  hands,  tongue,  and  abdomen,  sal!vutio%  I 
npasms  of  limbs,  dyspnoea,  hiccup,  and  delirium.  On  examination  of 
rtfie  body,  the  oesophagus,  epiglottis  and  larynx  were  found  gangrenous, 

stomach  and  intestines  highly  inflamed,  and  the  vicinity  of  the  pylorus 
also  gangrenous.*     {Ibid*) 

4.  A  country  apothecary  gave  a  patient  of  mine  la  drachm  dosei^  I 
instead  of  i  drachm  in  12  doses.  The  man  took  3}  the  first  d,,  51] 
the  second,  and  5J  the  third,  when  I  was  called  and  found  him  suiFer* 
ing  incense  pain  in  abdomen  and  throat.  He  had  vomited  on  previous 
c. ;  pulse  was  small,  he  felt  very  feeble,  and  had  much  anxiety  about 
pr^cordia.  He  was  several  d,  very  poorly,  but  finally  recovered* 
(Traill,  Ated,  yurisprudena^  p.  115.) 

5.  LussANA,  giving  the  subnitrate  in  large  doses,  chiefly  in  tubcrcu*  | 
lous  diarrhoea,  witnessed  no  irritation,  nor  any  arrest  of  the  disease,  but 
the  supervention  of  a  colliquative  and  scorbutic  state.  "  The  patient 
SLcquires  a  leaden  aspect  j  the  eyes  become  sunken,  and  present  a  livid 
sub-palpebral  circle  j  the  breath  is  rendered  offensive  ;  the  gums  swell, 
grow  livid,  and  discharge  a  sanious  blood  ;  hiemorrhage  is  readily  excited, 
and  sometimes  profuse  passive  haemorrhages  arise.*  (Gaz.  Mid.  It. 
Fed.  Tosc.^  1852,  p.  44.)  I 

6.  M.  Z — ,  a  girl,  on  March  21st  was  operated  on  for  fungous  in- 
flammation of  knee-joint  by  excision  of  joint.  The  wound,  which  was 
large,  v^ras  washed  out  withsol.  of  zinc,  chlorid.,  and  subnitr.  bism,  well 
rubbed  into  it.  On  28th  March  the  urine  showed  a  black  discolouration 
as  in  carbolic  acid  poisoning,  which  was  not  attended  to  as  there  was  a  | 
compress  of  carbolic  acid  over  the  bismuth  compress.  The  carbolic  was 
left  oiFon  nth  April,  but  the  urine  continued  brown  and  left  a  black 
sediment  on  utensil.  On  19th  April  it  was  ascenained  that  the 
sediment  was  at  first  white  but  became  black  on  standing.  On  April 
22nd  the  urine  was  examined  and  found  to  contain  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  albumen  ;  under  microscope  many  epithelial  casts  were  found. 
The  black  deposit  was  found  to  contain  bismuth.  On  the  ist  April  a  I 
small  black  border  was  observed  in  gums  of  upper  jaw.  After  leaving 
off  the  bismuth  the  desquamative  nephritis  and  the  black  border  of  the  I 

fums  rapidly  disappeared.     (KocHER,  Folkmann'i  SammL  Klin^  Fortr.^  I 
To.  234,   1882.)  1 

7.  A  girl  was  operated  on  for  hip-joint  disease  and  bismuth  m  powder 
introduced  into  the  wound.  In  a  few  days  there  occurred  a  slight 
turbidity  and  blackish  discolouration  of  urine.  The  urine  when  heated  I 
with  acid  showed  a  considerable  cloudiness,  and  some  casts  and  cylinder 
epithelium  were  seen  under  microscope. — Several  other  cases  of  wounds 
dressed  with  bismuth  powder  showed  albumen  and  casts  in  urine.  (/fcV.) 

•  This  **  gangrenous  **  appearance  is  probablv  due  to  the  blackish  tint  which  llit 
drug  assumcj.  when  combined  with  sulphur,  which  it  finds  so  frecJy  In  the  interior  of 
the  body.^EDS.  JH 


BISMUTH  UM. 


S83 


8.  A  man,  set*  3a,  had  his  enlarged  cervical  glands  excised  on  25th 
March.  The  large  wound  was  dressed  with  bismuth  powder*  He 
had  first  a  chloroform  icterus-  On  28th  March  complained  of  toothache 
and  bad  taste  in  mouch  ;  there  was  considerable  swelling  of  gums,  which 
had  a  bluish  border.  Chlorate  of  potash  relieved  the  mouth,  but  the 
symptoms  returned  again  more  severely.  After  being  dressed  with 
bismuth  on  4th  April  he  complained  of  severe  burning  in  mouth,  the 
gums  were  swollen  and  the  teeth  loosened.  The  wound  being  healed 
the  mouth  affection  improved  rapidly,  but  there  occurred  blackening  of 
teeth  and  of  the  edge  of  gums.  These  symptoms  went  off  during  a 
mineral  water  treatment.     (Jhid.) 

9.  A  woman,  act,  46,  who  had  been  operated  on  for  cancer  of 
mamma,  had  the  wound  dressed  with  bismuth.  She  had  black  dis- 
colouration of  gums,  nothing  more.     {Ihid,) 

10.  A  single  woman,  aet.  29,  had  large  keloids  removed  from  both 
sides  of  the  neck  on  25th  March,  The  wounds  were  dressed  with  pow- 
dered bismuth.  She  was  dismissed  cured  on  4th  April,  She  afterwards 
was  affected  with  heat  of  mouth,  some  of  her  teeth  fell  out,  and  she  had 
diarrhoea  of  greenish  black  colour  with  pains  in  abdomen  for  14  d.    ( Ibid,) 

11.  A  man,  aet,  56,  had  on  14th  March  his  arm  cut  off  at  shoulder- 
joint  for  osteosarcoma  of  humerus.  Bismuth  powder  was  rubbed  into 
wound.  On  ryth  March  he  had  colicky  pains  in  abdomen  and  diarrhcea. 
The  urine  was  found  to  contain  some  albumen.  On  23rd  he  had 
vomiting  and  the  diarrhoea  continued.  On  28th,  dyspnoea,  signs  of 
collapse.  He  died  on  29th.  Extensive  disease  of  kidneys  and  liver  was 
found.  The  intestinal  tract,  especially  colon,  showed  great  black  pig* 
mentation.     [Ibid,) 

12.  A  girl,  aet,  14,  on  14th  July  had  her  right  knee  resected.  The 
wound  was  dressed  with  bism.  subnit.  About  14  d.  after  operation  she 
got  stomatitis  with  salivation,  bluish  discolouration  of  the  inflamed  parts 
and  great  tenderness.  A  black  sediment  was  deposited  from  the  urine. — 
30th  July,  Patient  complains  of  want  of  appetite.  There  is  a  blackish 
blue  seam  on  the  gums  of  upper  and  lower  jaw.     Great  tenderness  of 

fums  especially  when  eating. — 4th  Aug.  Black  discolouration  increased. 
Jnder  surface  of  tongue  tip  and  both  borders  much  discoloured. — 9th 
Aug,  Uvula,  hard  palate,  soft  palate,  arch  of  feuces,  and  m.m,  of 
cheeks  discoloured.  On  leaving  off  bismuth  dressing  these  symptoms 
of  bismuth  poisoning  gradually  went  off,  (Petersen,  Deutsche  med, 
IVochinichr.^  No.  25,  1883.) 

m.  Exptrimints  on  aniwtatt. — i.  a.  About  50  ccntigr.  of  the  Ditratc  (liquid) 
were  injected,  at  midday^  in  jugular  vein  of  small  dog.  At  4,  nothing  noteworthy; 
Tk€Xt  d*^  10  a.m.|  after  great  efforts,  vomited  a  little  lic^uid  matter  four  or  five  timcfi  in 
succession  (had  had  no  food  for  forty-eight  h.) ;  plaintive  cries,  hind  kgs  agitated 
with  convulsive  trembling ;  heart  beat&  strong,  noticeable  at  a  distance,  very 
frequent ;  breathing  slightly  hurried  and  impeded ;  took  deep  inspirations ;  downcast, 
hardly  sensitive  to  external  impressions,  remained  lying  on  side.  At  1,50  was 
dying;  convulsive  movements  stronger,  especially  in  muscles  of  poStcrior  extremities; 
respiration  rather  more  impeded^  general  trembling.  Died  at  %,  Lungs  of  dark 
colour,  crepitating  in  nearly  all  portions  j  lung  tissue  held  much  air ;  in  one  of  r, 
lobes  there  were  some  small  dense  portions,  similar  in  structure  to  spleen,  and  not 
crepitating.     Stomach  and  intestines  ihowed  nothing  noteworthy. 


sH 


BORAX. 


h,  Injection  of  40  centigr.  of  nitrate  into  jugular  of  small  dog ;  no  effects  iftcr  1 
d.  Further  injection  of  75  ccntigr»  but  into  jugular  of  opposite  %i<lc  j  dog  hid 
vertigo  instuntly ;  could  not  make  a  step  without  stumbling  ;  fill,  and  when  hd^ed 
up  Skgain,  widened  his  legi^  and  dropped  again  ;  state  was  a*  of  drunken  man.  Affrr 
3  m.  breathing  difficulty  deep  inspirations ;  tongue  and  mouth  ver^'  li\*id.  Died  8  m. 
after  injection.  Autopsy  immediate.  Heart  no  longer  contracted :  1.  vcntrick 
empty,  or  rather  only  held  a  little  black  blood;  arteries  the  same.  Lung*  funowed 
ana  shrunk^  Ifairly  crepitating,  colour  slightly  red, 

r.  At  1 1,  small  dog  swallowed  3  gramme^  of  subnltrate :  directly  after  b» 
ar$opbagu$  wa^  detached  and  ligatured.  After  6  m.  had  naasea  with  effbrti  10 
vomit;  mouth  full  of  white  and  fluent  mucu«;  plaintive  cries.  At  t,  seemed  to 
suffer  much  ;  renewed  attempts  to  vomit ;  face  downcast,  hind  legs  trembling.  Neil 
day^  at  ii^  walked  easily,  and  only  had  prostration*  Died  in  following  n.  Mucous 
membrane  of  stomach  was  of  bright  red ;  that  of  duodenum  had  some  very  red  small 
spots.     Back  part  of  lungs  was  of  livid  aspect. 

it.  At  II,  small  dog  fwallowed  6  grammes  of  nitrate;  after  %  m,  vomited  white, 
stringy  matter,  in  which  it  was  easy  to  detect  part  of  poison.  After  i  h.  more 
vomiting.  At  1,  breathing  impeded,  noisy^  and  very  deep;  not  faster  than  usuai. 
At  7  p.m.  greater  difficult)'  in  breathing,  seemed  to  suffer  in  abdomen.  Died  during 
n.  Great  portion  of  mucoua  membrane  of  stomach  was  almost  destroyed  by  suppu« 
ration;  lea«it  rubbing  was  enough  to  get  it  away  in  strips;  it  was  ulcerated  near 
pylorus ;  muscular  tunic  of  this  part  was  bright  red,  and  could  easily  be  separated 
from  serous  membrane ;  many  spots  in  lungs  of  a  livid  red  dense  tissue  liJce  that  of 
liver,  not  crepitating,  containing  much  reddish  serum  and  black  blood,  not  floating  on 
water, 

#.  Spaniel  took  10  grammes  of  subnitrate  at  4;  did  not  vomit;  suffered  much  at 
n.|  died  next  d.  at  ii.  Mucous  membrane  of  stomach  was  very  red  and  ulcerated 
for  5  centimetres,  easily  peeled  off;  that  of  duodenum  and  jejunum  also  very  ltd* 
Lun^  filled  with  dark  red  blood,  and  very  slightly  crepitating, 

J.  At  II  a.m.  6  grammes  and  5  dccigr,  of  nitrate  in  powder  were  applied  to 
cellular  tissue  of  inner  part  of  thigh  of  small  doe.  Died  next  m,  in  collapse. 
Autopsy :  scat  of  operation  had  ulcer  size  of  palm  of  hand,  surface  covered  vrith  pale 
yellow  powder  j  was  neither  red  nor  infiltrated,  Muscles  under  powder  looked  dried 
up,  hardened,  and  as  if  bruised.  Digestive  canal  seemed  in  natural  condition. 
Lun^  were  red  and  injected.  Heart  and  liver  seemed  nonnal.  Same  experiment  on 
a  rather  stronger  dog  than  preceding,  only  with  3  grammes  and  3  decigr.  Died 
after  forty  h.  with  signs  only  of  prostration.  Digestive  canal,  liver,  spleen,  kidneys, 
lungs,  all  in  natural  state.  Seat  of  operation  similar  in  appearance  to  preceding  Ci>e. 
Heart  full  of  black  coagulated  blooa.  In  L  ventricle  several  spots  or  a  cherry  red, 
rather  extensive,  but  not  deep ;  especially  on  cameae  columnae.  (Orfila^  ^*  d/., 
sub  voce.) 

1.  The  soluble  salts  of  B,,  such  as  the  citrate  of  B.  and  ammonia,  when  girtn  in 
Jarge  doses  have  an  action  like  that  of  antimony  and  arsenic,  and  cause  gaittro^entetitts 
witli  tatty  degeneration  of  the  liver.     (Brunton,  op,  cii.^  p.  657.) 

3.  a,  Accordin|  to  Lcbedoff,  glycogen  disappears  from  the  liver  ofaninud*  %ftex 
long-continued  feeding  with  B, 

b.  The  ammonio-citrate  of  B,  is  said  by  Stephanowitsch  to  be  a  very  powerful 
poiwn,  and  to  act  in  a  similar  manner  to  phosphorus.  (Naunyk,  Zirtmaifi  C|dLj 
xvii,  68a.) 


BORAX. 

Natrum  biboracicum,  acid  borate  of  sodium,  NajB40^ioH30.    Including  bonkci< 

acid  and  other  borates, 

I.  Provings, —  i.  Hahnemann,  Chronic  Diseasn^  Part  a  of 
original,  vol,  of  translation.  Contains  460  symptoms  from  self  and 
Schreter, 

a.  a,  fiiKSWAKOER. — D.M—,  act.  25,  healthy,  took  borax  in  variaiti 


fiORAX.  585 

closes  repeatedly  without  effect,  ij  drachms  in  cold  water,  taken 
fasting,  caused  in  half  an  h.  hawking,  much  cold  saliva,  and  after  16  m. 
vomiting  of  a  viscid  fluid  mass,  with  strong  alkaline  reaction.  One  day 
he  took  at  8  a.m.  i  drachm,  the  same  at  8.30,9,  9.30  and  11  a.m. 
There  occurred  great  nausea  and  weight  in  stomach,  going  off  when 
walking  in  open  air.  In  afternoon  rumbling  in  belly  and  two  scanty, 
pappy  stools.  On  waking  next  morning  head  confused,  sick  headache, 
a  pappy  stool.     On  third  and  fourth  day  still  pappy  stools. 

b.  The  same  person  took  5SS,  and  then  3J  of  B.  acid,  but  nothing 
was  observed  except  increased  call  to  urinate.  One  m.  he  took  5J  at 
8  and  again  at  9  a.m.  In  f  h.  sudden  violent  nausea,  retching  or 
vomiting  of  i^  oz.  viscid  slime  with  watery  fluid,  with  strong  alkaline 
reaction.  Till  dinner  weight  and  uneasiness  in  stomach.  At  6  p.m. 
3J.  All  day  long  there  had  been  continued  call  to  make  water,  and  in 
e.  a  slight  transient  pain  in  ureters.  The  quantity  of  urine  passed  was 
greater  by  two  thirds  than  the  ordinary  quantity ;  it  had  a  very  acid 
reaction. 

c.  yj  of  B.  tartarisata,  in  the  course  of  2  h.,  caused  frequent  urina- 
tion and  pappy  stool.  Next  d.  5VJ  in  6  h.  caused  one  loose  stool,  m., 
and  two  in  afternoon.     The  urine  was  increased  by  16  oz.  in  24  h. 

d.  First  d.,  3j  of  borate  of  potash  in  four  doses  did  nothing.  Second 
d.,  58S  ;  third  d.,  3J.  Always  there  occurred  pressure  and  weight  in 
stomach,  nausea,  increase  of  urine. 

/.  In  the  dose  of  3J,  borate  of  ammonia  caused  the  same  sym- 
ptoms, but  the  stomach  affection  lasted  one  d.  Urine  increased  some- 
what. 

Some  time  after  commencing  these  provings  with  the  alkaline 
borates,  he  observed  on  r.  thigh  an  impetiginous  eruption  consisting  of 
pustules,  which  grew  larger,  and  were  in  the  middle  of  spots  the  size 
of  a  sixpence,  round  which  new  pustules  formed,  which  when  they  burst 
discharged  freely.  After  two  months  this  eruption  (impetigo  figurata) 
extended  to  r.  leg,  then  went  to  1.  leg,  and  eight  months  after  their  first 
appearance,  none  of  the  drug  having  been  taken  for  two  months,  all 
the  ulcers  had  healed  and  left  only  dark  red  spots.  {Pharm.  fVurd.  der 
Borsaure,  ^c,  1846.) 

II.  Poisonings. — i.  Dr.  Golding  Bird  says,  ''In  women  this  drug 
(borax)  cannot  be  used  with  impunity,  as  it  certainly  exerts  a  stimulant 
aaion  on  the  uterus,  and  I  have  seen  it  in  two  instances  produce 
abortion."  A  case  is  reported  by  Dr.  Thorn,  in  which  premature  labour 
is  stated  to  have  been  brought  on  by  the  administration  of  30  gr.  3 
times  a  d.  for  16  d.  The  labour  was  natural,  and  the  child  was  born 
alive.    Similar  testimony  is  furnished  by  Spengler.     (Stills,  op.  cit.) 

2.  A  man,  aet.  62,  suffering  from  catarrh  of  stomach  and  proctitis, 
sot  for  latter,  twice  daily,  from  December  8 — 24th,  1882,  a  clyster  or 
B.  acid,  gr.  300  in  2^  per  cent,  solution.  All  went  well  till  23ra,  when 
appetite  departed,  weakness  set  in,  and  temperature  rose  to  38*6^.  On 
24th  he  appeared  pale  and  collapsed,  was  apathetic,  complained  of  head- 
ache, vertigo,  noise  in  ears,  great  weakness,  loathing,  and  sweat  in 
scrobiculus  cordis,  with  occasional  vomitine  of  greenish  stuff.  Tongue 
dry  and  furred,  difficulty  of  moving  it,  and  dryness  in  throat.     Urine 


S86 


BORAX. 


showed  albumen  and  boracic  acid.  These  symptoms  condnued  tmtil 
26tb)  only  they  were  slighter  ;  urine  free  from  albumen  ;  temp*  lower* 
On  Jan,  and  he  was  as  well  as  before  using  the  acid*  (Schmidfs  Jahr,y 
cxcvii,  p.  28.) 

2.  A  man  of  25,  after  thoracentesis,  was  treated  by  washing  out  the 
pleural  cavity  with  5  per  cent,  boracic  acid  water,  the  operation  lasting 
an  h.,  and  15  quarts  of  the  solution  having  been  employed,  a  portion  of 
which  remained  in  the  chest.  Vomiting,  weakness,  increase  of  pulse 
and  temperature,  followed,  and  later  an  erythematous  eruption  on  the 
face.  Within  a  d.  or  two  all  these  symptoms  grew  worse  ;  the  erythema 
spread  over  body  and  thighs,  pearly  vesicles  appeared  over  face  and  neck, 
vomiting  continued,  weakness  increased,  hiccup  and  dimness  of  vision 
followed,  and  finally,  on  the  4th  d,,  death.     (Ibid,) 

3.  A  patient,  set.  16,  suffered  from  an  abscess  in  region  of  hip, 
which  was  washed  out  with  a  similar  solution,  a  portion  remaining  in 
the  cavity  of  the  abscess.  Within  \  h.  uncontrollable  vomiting  began, 
and  patient  died  of  exhaustion  on  3rd  d,     {I^id.) 

4.  Dr.  Gowers  reports  2  cases  occurring  in  his  own  practice,  and  one 
related  to  him  by  a  friend,  in  which  eruption  of  psoriasis  resulted  from 
the  internal  administration  of  borax  for  epilepsy.  The  drug  was  given 
in  Dr,  Gowers'  cases  in  15 — 20  gr. doses  3  times  a  d.,and  tne  eruption 
appeared  in  one  after  2  years,  in  the  other  after  8  months  of  its  employ* 
ment.  In  two  of  the  cases  the  addition  or  substitution  of  arsenic 
caused  it  to  disappear.  It  occurred  on  trunk  and  limbs^  but  most  on 
arms  \  face  was  free.  It  occupied  both  flexor  and  extensor  aspects  of 
limbs.  The  patches  varied  in  size  up  to  ij  in.  in  diameter.  Their 
appearance  was  quite  characteristic,  but  the  scales  were  not  so  thick  u 
they  sometimes  are  in  ordinary  psoriasis »  In  no  case  was  there  2 
history  of  syphilis,  and  in  one  this  could  with  certainty  be  excluded. 
{Lancet^  Sept.  24th,  1881.) 

5.  In  one  case  where  the  i,  trlt«  of  borax  was  given  freely  tor  cataxrhal  fevcfi 
there  seemed  to  result  an  engorgement  of  the  uterus,  with  bcaring*do>'»-n  paint  aod 
prolapsus ;  this  condition  was  attended  by  increased  heat  in  vagina,  and  was  ^nallr 
relieved  spontaneously  by  a  profuse  discharge  of  albutninoua  leucorrhcca,  clear  ana 
glutinous.     (Woodward,  U,  S.  Mid,  Irt^,,  viii,495.) 

Ill*  Expertmcnts  on  Ammali, — 1,  A  terrier  was  poisoned  with  repeated  doiet  of 
borax.  He  had  vomiting  of  slime  and  bile,  and  seemed  to  be  in  great  pain.  He  fo* 
killed.  The  P.M.  showed  softening  of  the  m.m.  of  pylorus^  some  inflamed  patches 
in  upper  third  of  ileum,  also  inflammation  of  muscular  layer  of  bowel  and  softeniflg 
of  m.m*,  includin|f  that  of  ilio-ca?cal  valve.    (BinswangeRi  op,  cit,) 

».  Rabbits  poisoned  with  B.  acid  had  quick  breathing  and  heart's  beats,  wbicK 
gradually  grew  weaker,  they  cowered  and  ran  about,  and  were  purged,  the  excrementi 
soft  and  ilimy.  One,  after  J  h.,  discharged  milky  urine,  alkaline  reaction,  another  had 
slightly  tinted  neutral  urine*  AiW.  showed  in  one  the  mucous  covering  of  the 
stomach  very  thick,  the  second  had  almost  no  mucus,  the  m.m,  of  stomach  soft,  the 
capillaries  full  of  blood.  The  entire  m,m.  of  small  intestine  inflamed,  its  epithelial 
covering  detached  and  turned  into  mucus,  in  one  pale,  in  the  other  coloured  rtd. 
The  caecum  little  altercdi  but  contained  much  mucus,  and  the  capiUanes  injected, 
(MfTSCUERLiCH,  Dt  add,  acit.i  oxaiic,  ^r.,  ffutu  m  ammalihu  i>bsgr*vam,  Bcrolini, 


BOVISTA.  587 

BOVISTA. 

Lycopirdon  Bofvista^  Sow.     PufF-ball.     Nat.  Ord.,  Fungi, 

1.  Pro^vings, — i.  A  young  woman,  very  sensitive  to  medicinal  action,  experienced 
from  olfaction  of  mother  tincture  : — Anxious  respiration ;  loss  of  strength,  so  as  to  be 
unable  to  get  up  or  raise  the  head  ;  anguish,  feeling  as  if  in  a  black  fog  ;  confused 
ideas ;  nausea ;  weight  in  head ;  strong  pressure  on  forehead  and  especially  in  temples ; 
breathing  deep  and  noisy.  In  attempting  to  walk  she  fell  and  fainted ;  her  trunk 
and  limbs,  she  was  told,  became  stiff.  After  great  efforts  to  rise,  she  fell  again  and 
became  still,  despairing  of  herself.  Convulsive  cough  5  difficulty  in  breathing,  which 
was  deep  and  anxious  ;  in  a  feeble  voice  she  asked  for  help  ;  a  window  was  opened, 
and  the  fresh  air  brought  her  new  life  and  great  relief.  (Petroz,  Joum,  de  la  Soc, 
GaU,y  iv,  80.) 

2.  Hartlaub. — Restlessness,  anguish,  unpleasant  heat  and  weight  in  abdomen, 
and  varying  feeling  of  coldness  through  whole  body ;  after  3  h.  great  depression,  then 
altematmg  moods,  and  after  7  h.  great  sadness,  amounting  to  melancholy ;  ill-humour, 
confusion  of  head,  gloominess,  also  peevishness  and  irritability,  for  i4d.$  extreme 
indifference  to  all  surroundings  (9th  d.) ;  she  is  very  absent-minded,  makes  mistakes 
in  writing,  leaves  out  whole  syllables  and  writes  several  words  entirely  wrong  (5th  d.)  ; 
on  13th  d.  so  absent  that  she  cannot,  even  with  great  exertion,  pay  attention  to  what 
is  being  said  and  done.  Confusion  and  heaviness  in  occiput,  with  inclination  of  eyelids 
to  close,  and  feeling  as  if  eyes  would  be  drawn  backwards  (especially  in  clear  evening 
light),  with  anxiety  and  restlessness  of  body  j  whole  head  is  confused  and  oppressed,  and 
there  are  drawings  about  it,  especially  early  in  m.,  when  also  there  is  dizziness ;  frequent 
vertigo,  with  feeling  as  if  his  senses  left  him  ;  when,  in  early  m.  rising  from  seat,  a 
kind  of  vertigo  with  stupefaction,  so  that  he  nearly  fell  down  Tind  d.) ;  dull  headache, 
as  from  pressure  over  r.  eyeball  towards  temporal  region ;  neadache,  with  weight, 
which  makes  her  ill-humoured  and  unable  to  think  continuously,  pain  is  increased  on 
lying,  and  is  most  severe  on  waking  from  mid-day  siesta,  when  it  is  combined  with 
a  sort  of  pulsation  in  head,  its  chief  seat  being  forehead  near  nose,  which  is  stopped 
up ;  on  waking  at  3  a.m.  very  violent  headache,  in  which  he  feels  every  pulsation, 
and  which  threatens  to  burst  head  asunder,  gradually  disappearing  on  outbreak  of 
perspiration  on  head  especially  (17th  d.);  tearing  pains  in  forehead,  extendin&r  to  1. 
side  of  occiput  and  then  back  again  to  forehead,  finally  settling  in  1.  temple,  where  it 
remains  several  d.  (loth  d.) ;  pressing  tearing  in  forehead,  especially  over  orbits, 
extending  into  root  of  nose  r6th  and  7th  d.) ;  tearing  in  whole  head,  with  weight  and 
bruised  reeling,  continuing  almost  constantly.  Feeling  in  r.  eye  as  if  something  were 
in  it,  with  lacnrymation  (4th  d.) ;  pressure  over  eyes,  as  if  something  were  in  them,  1. 
eye  being  reddened  (8th  d.) ;  reddened  carunculx  (32nd  d.);  he  cannot  open  eyes  in 
m.  (6th  d.);  lachrymation  in  m.;  on  rising  in  m.  feeling  as  of  veil  before  eyes  (4th 
d.);  drawing  in  ears  (3rd  d.);  stitches  in  r.  ear;  violent  itching  in  ears,  with  some 
dulness  of  hearing;  ulcer  in  r.  ear,  with  pain  therein  during  swallowing.  Scabby 
nostrils.  After  14  d.  face  is  very  pale  in  m.  on  rising  for  several  d.  Swelling  of 
cervical  glands  \  pain  in  upper  front  teeth,  which  are  tender  to  touch  and  on  chewmg, 
somewhat  relieved  on  upper  lip  beginning  to  swell ;  this  it  condnues  to  do  till  it 
hangs  over  lower  one,  ana  is  in  a  line  with  nose  ;  after  swelling  of  lip  had  subsided 
a  little  1.  cheek  began  to  swell ;  all  swollen  parts  are  tender  to  touch  (14th  d.) 
Dull  toothache,  which  she  had  not  had  for  years,  followed  by  long-lasting  elevated 
pale  swelling  of  upper  lip,  and  therewith  sweat  all  n.  till  m.,  especially  on  head 
(21st  d.).  In  e.  in  bed,  toothache,  only  relieved  by  heat  (14th  d.);  toothache 
ceased  on  walking  in  open  air;  dull  drawing  pains  in  hollow  teeth  (12  h.) ; 
jerking  toothache  ?5th  d.)  ;  stitches  in  sound  teeth,  especially  at  n.,  so  that  he  could 
not  sleep,  with  ready  bleeding  of  gums,  pain  relieved  by  sucking  blood  out  of  teeth 
with  tongue ;  stitches  in  teeth  go  into  eyes ;  toothache,  as  if  exposed  nerves  were 
rubbed  \  teeth  often  become  covered  with  mucus ;  as  often  as  he  sucks  gums,  blood 
oozes  into  mouth,  and  the  gums  pain  ;  at  times  clear  blood  issues  from  gums  without 
any  sucking  of  gums ;  in  m.  on  waking  teeth,  gums,  and  lips  are  covered  with  clotted 
blood  I  in  e.  now  and  then  teeth  clap  together,  as  in  a  chill.  Cutting  pain  in  tongue, 
lecurring  sevend  d. ;  tongue  yellow,  furred  in  m.  (7  th  d.)  Stitching  pain  in  palate, 
extending  to  chin,  for  some  m*  (ist  d.);  burning  and  heat  in  mouth,  without  thirst  \ 


588 


BOVISTA- 


much  saliva  colkctii  in  mouth  *  bad  taste  in  mouth,  with  much  mucus  $  bad  meU 
from  mouth.     Every  m,  throat  scrapy  and  tihlegmy ;  frequent  pain  in  throat.    G»- 
stant  excessive  hvmger,  he  cannot  eat  enough,  and  is  iioon  hungr)^  a^m.     After  food 
trighthil  pain  in  umbilical  region,  as  if  belly  were  cut  with  knife,  tor  some  m.  (jrd 
d.);  dviring  and  after  midday  meal  extraordinary  wcannesa  (15th  d.»  had  &amc  aftej 
e,  meal  on  ist  d.);  on  5th  d.  great  drowsiness  after  food.     Thirstlessne$s ;  unmieQth- 
ablc  thirst,  in  one  who  had  previously  never  needed  to  drink.  (3  h.).    Nausea*    r  ulncw 
ajid  anxiety  in  pracordia  (i  h.).     In  afternoon  colicky  feelings  in  abdomen,  and 
tendency  to  diarrhoea ;  cramp-like  pain  in  abdomen,  especially  when  inspiring  and 
retracting  belly  (14th  d*);  frightful  colic,  so  that  he  was  obliged  to  bend  quite  double, 
kand  could  not  stand  erect,  with  deep  ►red  urine  and  much  thirst,  cutting  pain  in  front 
Pof  abdomen,  in  m,,  relieved  after  eating  j  distended  abdomen,  with  pain  iheretn  (jrd 
d,);  in  e.  in  bed  very  violent  pains  in  abdomen,  as  if  all  were  dned  up   (3rd  d,). 
Stool  occurs  at  irregular  times  and  is  too  hard  ;  in  secondary  action  it  seems  to  make 
a  hard  stool  soft.     Flying  stitches  through  perinaeum  to  anun  and  genitals.     During 
micturition  pain  in  urethra,  as  if  urine  passed  over  a  sore  place,  also  a  red,  hard,  painful 
knot  in  skin  of  penis,  which  went  on  to  suppuration  (14th  d.).     Constant  feeling  U 
catarrh  in  nose,  with  swelling  (15th  d.) ;  fluent  and  stuffy  coryza  with  oppression  0!" 
head;  nose  much  stopped  up  at  n.  (3rd  d.).     Hoarseness  every  m. ;  scratching  in 
throat,  with  urging  to  cough  (ist  d.).     Stiffness  in  neck  in  m«  on  rising  (4th  d.),     L 
arm  felt  lame  and  sprained,  so  that  it  was  mth  difficulty  he  could  rai*e  it  above  head, 
pain  increased  so  much  during  d»  that  at  last  he  could  hardly  move  arm,  after  sweat  in 
m.  pain  greatly  diminished  ;  cramp-like  drawings  in  tendon*  of  1,  wrist ;  sprained  and 
ulcerative  pain  in  L  wrist,  in  middle  of  palmar  suHace,  only  felt  on  touch  or  on  flexing 
and  extending  hand ;  feeling  of  numbness  in  same*     Flying  jtitches  in  L  leg^  and  in 
chest;  cramp  in  1,  thigh  ;  r.  leg  is  "  utterly  gone  to  sleep'*  in  whatever  position  it  is 
placed,  for  J  h.  (tst.  d.);  shooting  pain  in  1,  knee,  especially  on  rising  firom  a  sitting 
posture  ;  stiffness  and  pain  in  I  knee  if  he  tries  to  stretch  it  out  again  after  it  has  been 
bent  for  some  time  ;  towards  m.^  in  bed,  cramp  in  calves,  so  violent  that  they  are 
painful  towards  e.,  as  if  leg  were  too  short  (i4tn  d.).     General  anxiety,  weakness  ot 
body,  eructations,  nausea,  distension  of  abdomen,  emission  of  flatus,  fi-tquent  yawning 
and  stretching  of  limbs,  svith  irresistible  desire  for  sleep  (4  h,) ;  sudden  attack  like 
faintness,  while  sitting  at  noon,  as  if  objects  tunted  upside  down  (3rd  d.);  bruised 
feeling   in    whole    body,   especially  in  joints  of  arms    and  abdominal  muscles,  to  ] 
touch,  and  on  motion  (14th  d.) ;  he  felt  very  weary  and  exhausted  after  a  short  walk  ' 
(6th  and  7th  d.).     Extraordinary  itching  on  r,  arm  lor  several  d.  (9th  d,),  later  on  i 
both  arms,  with  biting  and  burning  after  washing ;  itching  over  whole  scalps  extending  1 
to  neck,  especially  when  warm^  so  violent  as  to  compel  scratching,  which  do€%  not  I 
relieve  ;  same  on  coccyx,  where  after  scratching  a  scurf  appeared,  lasting  M>me  d.  I 
(tst  d.) ;  goose-flesh  over  whole  body,  with  severe  itching ;  itching  of  whole  body  ml 
e.,  followed  bv  outbreak  of  tetters  (10  d,)  ;  itching  and  small  pimples  on  head  (| I 
weeks);  hands  are  covered  with  small,  drj',  reddish  pimples,  %vhich  gradually  dis- 
appear in  a  few  d. ;  small  sore  places  on  hairy  scalp,  with  itching;  a  prvviou&lyl 
existing  wart  developed  a  red  point,  suppurated,  and  disappeared  (aist  d.)*     Extraor* 
dinarily  violent  pains  in-  corns,  lasting  a  long  rime  (i8ih  d.).     On   tst.  n, 
sound  quiet  sleep,  and  on  rising  later  than  usual  in  m.  great  lassitude,  especially 
in  legs,   unrcmembcred   dreams   (4th    d.);   vexatious   dreams   and    waking    cveiy 
moment  during  n.     Chilly  all  d,,  with  cold  hands;  chilliness  every  m.  from  6  to  ^^ 
cold  to  touch  externally,  with  griping  in  abdomen,  without  subsequent  heat  and  v»ithout 
thirst;  in  e*  on  lying  down  m  a  warm  room  a  shaking  chill  for  some  seconds  (15th 
d.);  constant  coldness  of  hands  and  feet ;  intermitting  fever  of  S  d.  duradon,  en'cry  (  ~ 
from  9  to  10  \'iolent  chill,  commencing  with  coldness  on  back,  on  tst  d,  with  ihir» 
without  heat  or  sweat  following,  and  always  with  violent  drawing  colic  (4th  d.)  ;  parail 
lyric  and  itching  feeling  in  radial  arteries  of  forearms  (ist  d,)  ;  copious  sweat  in  axil!je|L 
while  walking  along  in  cold  temperature  {1st  d,)     (Hahtl,  and  Thinks,   AnumT 
mitttlUhrt,  iu,  !.•) 


♦  This  IS  die  of  the  vicious  symptom-lisrs  of  the  sub-Hahnemannic  epoch,  withoud 
any  information  as  to  subjects,  doses,  or  relations  between  symptoms.     We  hav« 
given  Hartlaub's  nearly  complete^  but  a  sclccrion  only  from  Schrctcr*s  and  Nenninjr^i 
—Eds, 


BROMUM.  589 

3.  Nenning. — His  young  women  Tsee  Acidum  Hydrocyanicum,  I,  16)  were  gene- 
rally peevish  and  ill-tempered  while  taking  drug.  During  a  press! ve  headache,  sudden 
attack  (while  standing)  of  vertigo  and  stupid  feeling  in  head,  so  that  she  lost  con- 
sciotfsness  for  a  moment ;  headaches  are  frequently  mentioned,  sometimes  very  severe, 
in  all  parts,  and  variously  conditioned.  Excessively  painful  pressure  and  twisting 
deep  in  r.  eye,  involving  orbit,  which  is  sensitive  to  pressure,  during  catamenia  ;  similar 
pain  from  root  of  nose  to  behind  1.  frontal  eminence,  with  lachrymation  of  1.  eye,  after 
cessation  of  which  heat  arose  over  whole  body,  with  feeling  as  if  sweat  would  break 
out ;  eyes  always  agglutinated  in  m.  A  few  drops  of  blood  from  nose  every  time  she 
sneezes  (5th  d.) ;  burning  in  both  nostrils,  as  it  they  were  sore.  Crackeci  lips,  and 
burning  there.  Toothache  during  menstruation.  Burning  on  tip  and  numbness  of 
back  part  of  tongue  and  over  whole  mouth,  and  dryness  in  throat  for  4  m.  running 
on  waking,  disappearing  after  eating  (13th  d.).  Cold  feeling  in  stomach,  as  if  ice  lay 
in  it.  Stitches  m  epigastrium  and  hypochondria ;  abdomen  sensitive  internally  and 
externally,  so  that  sne  could  not  bear  it  touched,  and  was  oblip^ed  to  walk  bent  (nth 
d.).  Painful  urging  to  stool,  followed  by  three  attacks  of  diarrhoea,  and  afterwards 
tenesmus  and  burning  in  anus,  with  prostration  of  whole  body  (21st  d.).  Urine 
turbid,  and  burning  a^er  passing  it.  Menstruation  irregular,  sometimes  too  early, 
sometimes  too  late,  accompanied  by  headache,  toothache,  and  diarrhoea ;  often  altered 
in  quality.  Thick  albuminous  leucorrhoea  on  walking.  Much  shooting  in  walls  of 
chest,  front  and  back,  and  tearing  in  limbs.  Pruritus  and  itching  pimples  in  many 
parts.     Dreams  terrifying.     Much  chilliness.     (Jbid,) 

4.  SCMRETER. — Mental  condition  exalted,  varying  between  extremes  j  much  less 
headache  noted  than  by  others ;  illusion  of  vision,  so  that  she  feared  a  person  sitting 
near  her  cutting  paper  would  stick  scissors  into  her  eyes — they  seemed  just  before  her 
face ;  contraction  over  nose,  with  feeling  of  heaviness  and  pressure,  as  though  skin  were 
too  short ;  ereat  changes  of  colour  in  face,  at  one  time  red,  at  another  pale ;  small 
depressed  ulcer  on  1.  margin  of  tongue,  sore  and  painful  to  touch  ;  stammering  when 
reading;  swollen  cervical  glands,  with  tension  and  drawing  paias,  for  6  d. ;  every  m. 
on  rising  nauseous  taste  in  mouth,  as  if  stomach  was  foul,  for  14  d.  in  succession ;  orifice 
c^  urethra  inflamed  and  agglutinated  \  great  scraping  of  larynx  as  if  sore,  extending 
down  into  chest,  with  much  tough  mucus  in  chest,  it  is  raised  with  difficulty,  and 
threatens  to  suffocate  her ;  palpitation,  with  vertigo  and  headache, — with  congestion  to 
heady  heat  and  thirst,  and  itching  in  r.  eye, — with  trembling  of  whole  body  and 
uneasiness ;  great  weariness  in  hands  and  leet  all  d. ;  marked  paresis  of  arms  and 
hands,  especially  r. ;  skin  of  hands  becomes  unusually  dented  by  instruments  with 
which  she  is  working — shears  or  knives ;  much  and  lasting  heat,  with  thirst,  anxiety, 
and  restlessness.    (Jbid,) 


BROMUM. 

Including  bromine  itself;   hydrobrotfuc   acid  (HBr) ;   bromal  hydratt  ([CjBrjOH) ; 
and  bromoform  (CHBr,) ;  besides  some  other  compounds  mentioned  in  III.* 

1.  Provings. — i.  Glover  took  for  a  month  a  saturated  solution  of 
B.,  at  first  40  dr.  in  water  3  times  a  d.,  at  last  half  a  wineelassful. 
Sometimes  slight  pain  in  stomach,  and  slight  action  on  skin  and  kidneys. 
Of  B.  itself  1 1  dr.  in  Jss  of  water  gave  him  heat  in  mouth,  cesophagus, 
and  stomach,  followed  by  colicky  pains ;  2  dr.  gave  nausea,  hiccup, 
and  increased  secretion  of  urine.     {Ed.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.^  Iviii, 

I37-) 

2.  a,  HoRiNG  took  of  a  solution  which  contained  6  drops  of  bromum 
in  ^  oz.     He  experienced  a  rough  disagreeable  feeling  in  oesophagus 

*  These  various  preparations  are  mentioned,  not  so  much  with  a  view  to  their 
therapeutic  employment  homceopathicallyi  but  for  the  light  they  throw  on  the  neurotiq 
action  of  bromme  itself. — Eds. 


590 


BROMUM. 


and  some  pinching  in  bowels.  On  the  gth  d.  he  took  7^  on  the  icth 
8  drops,  this  caused  pinching  in  bowels  and  increased  secretion  <rf 
saliva.  After  taking  on  nth  d,  9,  in  all  72  drops,  he  had  the  saint  d. 
set'cral  pappy  stools,  also  in  n.,  and  three  next  d.  during  which  he 
had  taken  1st  d.  10,  2nd  11,  3rd  12  drops.  On  the  151)1  d,,  after 
taking  13  drops,  he  had  some  pinching  and  a  scrapy  taste.  After  i\  h. 
a  thin,  diarrhoeic  stool,  occurring  4  times  till  the  folJowing  m. ;  the 
next  d.^  after  14  drops,  violent  diarrhoea,  which  was  allayed  by  a  cup  of 
strong  coffee.  In  e.  anxiety,  oppression  of  heart,  and  headache*  In 
other  trials,  during  which  he  took  in  a  fortnight  in  small  doses  about  j 

3  drachms  of  the  bromum  solution,  the    same  symptoms  appeared,^ 
Pulse  during  last  d.  of  proving  was  slow  and  hard. 

i?.  He  took  for  several  successive  d.  20  drops  of  the  solution  after 
food.  After  3  d.,  when  he  had  taken  5J,  he  had  two  liquid  stools  at 
n.,  which  on  the  4th  d.  increased  in  frequency,  and  on  5th  d.  became 
diarrhoeic.  Always  after  swallowing  the  dose  he  had  burning  in 
stomach.  After  40  drops  at  once,  besides  pappy  stools,  he  felt  fron 
tongue  to  stomach  a  very  acute  burning,  nausea,  inclination  to  vomft,* 
mouth  filled  with  saliva,  breathing  oppressed  and  somewhat  painful ; 
some  h*  after  taking  the  medicine  he  had  headache  and  violent  $titche%j 
in  lungs  on  breathing  deeply,  frequent  cough,  pulse  full,  rather  hard 
at  first  slower,  afterwards  from  80  to  85  per  minute. 

c.  H,  also  put  3  grs,  of  precipitated  B.  on  a  raw  place  in  his  arm 
(see  K.  brom.,  I,  i  b)*  After  12  h.  he  had  violent  pains  in  abdomen 
and  eructations,  and  in  i^  h.  more  3  watery  stools  in  quick 
succession,     {Ueber  die  fflrkungfn  des  J5ra/7ix, Tiibrng.,  1838.) 

3.  A  strong  healthy  medical  student  took  in  9  d.  144  drop«  of  tl 
solution.     He  had   the  same  symptoms  as  Horing,  and  pappy  st) 
which  increased  to  diarrhoea.     {Ibid,) 

4.  BuTZKE  took  4  drop  of  bromum  in  water  and  had  nausea,  eructa* 
tion,  roughness  in  throat,  heat  in  stomach  and  salivation,  pulse  slow, 
and  there  was  congestion   in  chest.     The  largest  dose   he  took  (jOj 
drops  of  a  solution  of  \  drachm  bromum  in  4  oz.  water)  caused  burning 
in  stomach  and  above  symptoms,     {Ibid.) 

5.  Vapour  of  bromine  inspired  by  Horing  caused  increased  secretion 
of  saliva  and  tears,  increased  secretion  of  nasal  mucus  ;  he  had  corysi|j' 
cough,  increased  headache,  vertigo.     On  breathing  very  concentrate 
bromine  vapour    the   respiration    was  much  oppressed,    saliva    much 
increased,  cough  and  pain   in  chest  \  after  a  while  pains  In  abdome 
and  2  h.  later  a  very  soft  stool,  which  was  repeated  3  times  in  afternc 
and  was  quite  liquid;    slight  tussiculation    remained    for    several   d/ 
{Ibid,) 

6.  a,  HE1EMRDI^GER  took  in  m.,  fiasting,  5  drops  of  bromine  in 

4  oz,  distilled  water.  Immediately  cough  with  suffocative  symptomi^ 
respiration  much  oppressed,  gasped  for  air  j  in  the  fauces  ijrst  a  dis- 
agreeable constricting  sensation,  followed  by  sensation  of  bur  Jj 
soreness,  salivation  for  \  h.,  and  increased  seceretion  of  mucus 
and  nasal  cavities,  frequent  eructations  and  retching,  when  much  mucui 
is  brought  up  from  cesophagus.  In  abdomen  disagreeable  feeling  of 
heat,  pulse  70  (normal  64) ;  after  6  m,  slight  vertigo  combined  with 


BROMUM.  591 

nausea  and  constant  inclination  to  vomit,  without  actual  vomiting, 
tongue  moist. 

b.  Another  time  he  took  Easting  8  drops  of  bromine  in  i  oz.  water. 
This  caused  great  sensation  of  heat,  increasing  to  burning,  all  down 
oesophagus  to  stomach,  especially  severe  in  fouces  ;  secretion  of  mucus 
and  saliva  in  mouth  transiently  increased,  occasional  rough  cough,  slight 
pressure  in  chest  on  deep  inspiration  ;  p.  70,  frequent  eructation  ^  auer 
12  m.,  vertigo  with  nausea,  pale  face ;  after  \  h.  p.  62,  slight  retching 
without  vomiting ;  after  i  h.  slight  vertigo  and  eructation  ;  in  forenoon 
repeated  discharge  of  unne,  loss  of  appetite ;  afternoon,  thirst,  stool 
attended  by  slight  tenesmus. 

c.  Bromine  in  gaseous  form  acted  chiefly  on  respiratory  organs.  He 
had  great  tightness  of  chest,  cough,  besides  slight  burning  in  eyes,  with 
cramp-like  contraction  of  muse,  orbicular,  palpebr.,  and  increased  secre- 
tion of  tears  and  confusion  of  head.  After  12  m.  epistaxis  with  relief, 
p.  quicker  by  a  few  beats  ;  after  li  h.  all  symptoms  gone.  {Inaug, 
Diss.j  Tubing.,  1838.) 

7.  a.  Lembke.  March  14th.  4  dr.  brom.  i,  fasting.  Heat  in  occi- 
put ;  frequent  tickling  in  larynx  with  dry  cough,  instantly  followed  by 
tickling,  cough  causes  pain  to  1.  of  nipple  inwardly  ;  slight  oppres- 
sion of  chest ;  heat  on  back,  mounting  to  head  and  face ;  slight 
pressive  pain  and  weight  on  forehead^  especially  when  coughing ; 
flatus ;  disinclination  to  read ;  empty  eructation  ;  dull  pressing  pain 
in  bone  of  r.  knee ;  slight  toothache  in  a  carious  tooth  of  1.  upper 
jaw,  same  pain  in  a  tooth  of  lower  jaw  later ;  frequent  urging  to  stool 
with  discharge  of  flatus^  and  pricks  in  anus ;  sneezing,  bleeding  from  r. 
nostril  on  blowing  nose  gently ;  slept  long,  dreamt  vividly  and  got  out 
of  bed  in  sleep.  Aner  24  h.  a  small  painful  pimple  in  fork  in  front  of  anus* 
Occasional  dry  cough  with  pain  in  1.  chest.  After  36  h.,  pretty  severe 
pressure  in  bone  of  1.  temple.  3rd  d.,  m.,  blows  blood  from  r.  nostril. 
5th  d.,  inflammation  of  huces  with  dry  coueh  from  elongated  uvula ; 
thick  yellow  nasal  mucus  with  streaks  of  blood ;  deglutition  painful  in  m.; 
huccs  dark  red ;  urine  for  some  d.  dark  and  turbid,  with  red  sediment. 

i.  April  17th.  8  dr.  brom.  i,  &sting.  Immediately  oppressed  breath- 
ing ;  frequent  deep  breathing  as  if  enough  air  did  not  get  into  lungs  ; 
desire  to  urinate  ^  h.  after  urination ;  dislike  to  read ;  pressure  and 
weight  in  forehead.  After  10  m.  erucution  of  air ;  nausea ;  drv  cough 
with  shooting  pain  in  thorax  to  1.  of  nipple  ;  dazed  feeling  ana  heat  of 
head ;  increase  of  watery  saliva ;  roaring  in  r.  ear ;  empty  feeling ; 
wei^t  in  head  ;  stiffness  of  nuchal  muscles  ;  frequent  call  to  urinate  ; 
feeling  of  something  in  throat,  causing  hawking ;  itching  in  nose.  After 
}  h.  qualmishness  in  pit  of  stomach  ;  empty  eructation ;  disinclination 
for  work ;  feeling  of  exhaustion  ;  warmth  in  stomach ;  eyes  sensitive 
to  light ;  vertigo  i  drowsiness ;  pressive  pain  and  weight  in  forehead 
with  heat ;  rumbling  in  bowels  and  cesophagus ;  these  symptoms  last 
long  ;  cold  running  over  back  ;  sweat  in  palms  ;  cold  finger-tips  ;  pain 
in  chest  and  when  coughing  and  blowing  nose  ;  pressure  sometimes 
from  stomach  to  oesophagus ;  pulse  quick.  After  i  ^  h.  occasional  chilly 
feeling ;  urine  becomes  turbid  on  standing  with  ammoniacal  smell ; 
pain  in  r.  knee  ^ing  downwards  -,  feeling  of  heaviness  in  r.  leg ;  dry 


59^ 


BROMUM. 


tongue ;  urine  scanty,  dark,  and  clear,  passed  wttK  effort ;  stitches  in  1 
orifice  of  urethra  j  tenderness  of  hypochondria  and  stomach  with 
salivation.  After  2  h*  transient  stitches  in  hypochondria  from  r,  to  I, ; 
no  appetite  i  urging  to  urinate  with  tickling  at  end  of  urethra  ;  shooting 
in  canthi  of  eyes  j  itching  in  various  parts  of  skin,  relieved  by  scratching, 
but  returning.  After  3  h.  profuse  sweat  in  palms ;  all  symptoms 
relieved  by  eating  j  pain  in  I.  inguinal  ring ;  sneezing.  After  6  h, 
difficulty  of  fixing  attention  and  bad  memory  ;  scanty  dark  urine  \ 
pain  in  1.  inguinal  canal,  especially  when  walking,  on  pressure  and 
when  coughing  ;  bright  red  blood  blown  from  I.  nostril*  At  n.  little 
sleep  ;  urine  scanty,  dark,  turbid,  with  red  sediment ;  blood  blown 
from  1.  nostril ;  coryza  for  2  d.  After  3d*  considerable  pain  in  hepatic 
region,  especially  when  pressed  and  when  driving,  with  great  distension 
and  hardness  in  r.  hypochondrium,  and  feeling  as  of  a  hard  sinking 
body,  lasts  10  h. 

r.  May  ist.   15  dr.  brom.   i.     Soon  difficulty  of  breathing;  dull 
aching  pain  in  forehead ;  teeth  on  edge  ;  rumbling  in  bowels  ;  eyes 
somewhat  photophobic  ;  loss  of  thought  ;  need  to  breathe  deeply  occa- 
sionally ^  rumbling,  discharge  of  flatus,  and  empty  eructation  -,  distant 
roaring  in  ears.     After  i  h.  dazed  in  head ;  pain  under  ribs  especially 
on  pressure,  more  in  r.  side  j  weak  feeling  ;  scraping  in  fauces,  com- 
pelling hawking ;  photophobia  with  aching  in  eyes  on  moving  them  ; 
loss    of  thought ;  crawling  under  skin  of  occiput  >  drowsiness  ^  pain 
in  umbilical  region    increased  by  retracting  abdominal  integuments  ^ 
nausea  ;  contractive  sensation  in  orifices  of  salivary  ducts  with  saliva- 
tion, tasteless  ;  pressure  in  forehead  above  eyes,  with  frowning*     After 
1  h.  coldness  over  back  with  cold  hands  and  feet ;  shooting  with  pres* 
sure  and  squeezing  pain  in  1.  side  0/  larynx  -,  pressure  in  fbreheadi  | 
weight  in  head,  disinclined  to  think.     After  ij  h*  pains  in  vesical  region  I 
with  urging  to  urinate ;  sensitive  to  cold  air  with  cold  feeling  through! 
back  and  down  legs ;  hepatic  pain ;  pressure  in  r.  frontal  eminence  i 
shooting  pain  from  liver  to  umbilicus  ;  sneezing  ;  cool  and  damp  hands  i 
dull  pain  from  spleen  to  spine  ;  palpitation  of  heart  j  anxiety  in  chest,  J 
and  difficulty  of  breathing     After  2^  h,  pain  over  r.  eye  and  photo- 1 
phobia.     After  3  h.  hearths   beats  stronger,  breathing  deeper ;  scanty, 
dark  urine  ^  pressure  in  chest ;  in  e.   scraping  and  dryness  in  fauces.  1 
On  May  12,  inflammatory  affection  of  m.m,  of  nose,  fauces,  and  orgaoM 
of  respiration  with  pain,  difficult  deglutition,  cough,  hoarseness,  yellow 
nasal  mucus,  yellow  expectoration,  lasting  a  week, 

^.  Aug.  I  ith.  10  dr.  brom.  3,  fasting.  Immediately  heat  in  stomachy 
dazed  head ;  pressure  in  chest ;  difficult  breathing  ;  violent  pain  in 
stomach  increased  by  pressure,  relieved  by  bending  forwards ;  abdomen 
distended  j  flush  of  heat  from  back  ;  abdomen  distended  by  flatulence  } 
pain  from  stomach  to  navel  and  under  false  ribs  ;  vertigo  5  deep  breath* 
ing ;  empty  eructation  ;  sneezing.  After  7  h.  under  r.  ribs  pain 
increased  by  pressure;  stitches  at  top  of  chest,  difficult  breathing; 
feeling  of  prostration;  sleep  full  of  dreams;  urine  scanty.  2nd  d., 
much  ropy  white  mucus,  chiefly  in  r.  nostril;  sometimes  lumps  ofj 
coherent  yellow  mucus  in  both  nostrils;  in  e.  pain  in  frontal  andl 
occipital  bones ;  stitches  deep  in  r.  ear  with  heat  of  whole  car,  and 


BROMUM.  59 

great  sensitiveness  of  head  to  cold  air  ;  urine  scanty  and  dark.  3rd  d., 
hard  stool ;  a  painless  pile  ;  the  same  pain  under  r.  ribs.  4th  d.,  last  n. 
pinching  and  itching  in  larynx  ;  roaring  in  ears ;  to-day  aching  pain 
in  forehead  behind  eyes,  with  sensitiveness  of  ey^es  to  light,  stitches  at 
end  of  urethra.  5th  d.,  under  1.  ribs  some  transient  pain  ;  stitches  in 
urethra ;  nose  stopped  up  with  mucus.  6th  d.,  pain  under  r.  ribs. 
9th  d.,  the  pain  under  r.  ribs  continued  and  was  sometimes  so  violent 
as  to  make  breathing  painful ;  abdomen  distended  with  wind  ;  pain^ 
•  which  seems  in  the  region  of  gall-bladder,  is  relieved  by  sitting  bent 
forward  and  by  pressure ;  on  breathing  deeply  it  extends  to  navel,  is 
worst  2  h.  after  eating.     Occasional  severe  boring  pain  in  1.  tibia. 

e.  Aug.  30th,  15  dr.  brom.  3.  Pressive  frontal  pain  coming  and 
going  \  sneezing  ;  heat  mounts  to  head  ;  appetite  and  urine  diminished  ; 
n.  pain  in  r.  side  under  ribs.  31st,  m.,  dry  cough;  aching  frontal 
pain. 

f.  Sept.  2nd,  10  dr.  brom.  i,  fasting.  After  \  h.  empty  eructations  ; 
rumbling  in  bowels  and  slight  stomach-ache ;  dry  cough  ;  pressive 
Arontal  pain  ;  nausea ;  scraping  in  throat ;  much  thin  saliva  ;  shooting 
constriction  in  larynx,  and  pricking  there  on  swallowing  saliva ;  diffi- 
culty of  breathing.  After  i  h.  tearing  in  frontal  bone ;  vertigo ; 
drawing  in  carious  teeth  both  sides  ;  shooting  deep  in  r.  ear ;  fauces 
and  uvula  reddened  ;  distension  of  abdomen  ;  discharge  of  much 
flatus ;  stomach-ache.  After  i  ^  h.  vertigo  as  though  he  would  fall,  with 
flush  of  heat.  After  3^  h.  painfMl  boring  in  r.  lower  jaw  \  occasional 
stomach-ache  \  cutting  pain  in  umbilical  region,  increased  by  pressure, 
after  dinner.  After  4  h.  frequent  sneering.  After  5  h.  soft  stool 
after  the  regular  morning  stool  ;  aching  in  forehead ;  chilliness  in 
back.  After  9  h.  boring  pain  in  r.  tibia.  £.,  frontal  headache  and 
shooting  in  laryn^c.     Sept.  3rd,  hard  stool  \  pafpitation  when  walking. 

g.  Sept.  6th,  at  6.30  a.m.,  2Q  dr.  brom.  i.  Jnimediately  burning 
taste  and  warmth  in  stomach.  7  a.m.,  front^  headache  \  frequent 
deep  breathing  when  sitting ;  eructation  of  gas  ;  heat  of  forehead  and 
chest ;  heat  and  sweat  of  palms.  7.30  a.m.,  urgi(ig  to  urinate,  stitches 
in  urethra ;  tickling  in  nose  ;  confusion  and  weight  in  head  ;  stopped 
nose ;  grey  spot  before  r.  eye ;  deep  breathing ;  sensitiveness  of  a 
carious  tooth  to  cold  water ;  much  thin  saliva  ;  warmth  in  stomach  ; 
shooting  in  r.  ear;  scraping  and  shooting  in  throat  for  2  h.  ;  increased 
vascularity  of  conjunctivaof  both  eyes,  and  shooting  in  lids;  dull  pain 
in  hollow  tooth  ;  hard  stool.  Sept.  7th.  Sensitiveness  of  carious  teeth 
to  cold  water ;  dull,  aching,  weary  pain  in  bones  of  r.  leg  ;  a  pile  the 
size  of  a  nut  ;  shooting  in  lid  of  I.  eye  when  reading ;  dazed  head  ; 
a  small  swollen  gland  on  each  side  of  nape.  All  afternoon  weary 
and  sleepy  ;  sensitive  to  cold  air  and  chilly  when  moving,  e.  Nextd. 
soft  stool,  pile  gone  ;  boring  in  r.  lower  jaw ;  the  toothache  lasts  some 
days  longer.     {Allg.  h.  Z.,  xxxvii,  115.) 

8.  Same.  March  3rd,  9  a.m.,  5  drops ;  5th,  7  a.m.,  10  drops 
brom.  3.  On  3rd  and  4th  sharp  stitches  in  r.  and  1.  hypochondrium, 
tearing  in  tendons  on  dorsum  of  right  foot. — 5th.  Soon  after  taking  it 
repeated  pressure  on  upper  part  of  chest,  causing  tightness  of  breath  ; 
tearing  in  r.  side  of  skull ;  pain  in   r.  side  between  7th  and   9th  ribs 

S8 


594^ 


BROMUM. 


when  inspiring  and  moving.  12,  noon^  peculiar  painful  sensation  in 
stomachy  as  though  diarrhcra  were  about  to  come  on.  i  p.m.^  liquid 
stool  with  some  straining,  though  he  had  had  anormal  stool  at  ioa.ra, ; 
pulsation  in  urethra  behind  testicles  at  9  p.m. —  7th,  7.30  a.ni.^  lo  dr. 
Q  p.m.,  repeated  boring  in  r.  tibia  ;  transient  stitch  under  1.  ribs, — 8th. 
Pressing  in  prostate  gland  when  walking ;  the  last  3  d.  nose  felt 
stopped  up,  has  to  blow  it  frequently,  thick  mucus. — loth,  9  a.m., 
2  dr.  brom.  2.  Here  and  there  in  thoracic  walls  shooting  pains  inde* 
pendent  of  respiration,  i  p.m.,  tension  in  tendons  of  dorsum  of  r. 
foot  on  flexing  ankle-joint  when  walking*  5  p.m.,  sharp  stitch  ia  I. 
hypochonder. — ^iith,  7  a.m.,  5  dr*  8  a.m.,  soon  repeated  dry  cough, 
pressure  on  upper  part  of  chest  j  pain  in  K  hypochonder  ;  scraping 
and  roughness  in  larynx,  compelling  hawking;  drawing  in  tendons  of 
r.  instep,  also  in  e,  \  momentary  pressure  in  nasal  and  superior  maxillary 
bones  and  in  various  parts  of  frontal  bone.  12.30  p.m.j  10  dr.  i  in  1  h» 
boring  in  1.  tibia  (also  8  p.m.)  and  long-continued  pressure  ia  frontal 
bone  i  in  open  air  and  in  room  audible  rumbling  of  air  in  bowels  lasting 
some  time.  4.30  p.m.,  pulsation  in  r.  hypochonder,  5.30  p*m., 
severe  burning  shooting  in  front  of  1,  index.  7  p.m,,  much  hawking 
on  account  of  mucus  in  larynx. — 12th,  7  a,m.  20  dr,  7.45  a*m., 
nausea,  8  a.m.,  pressure  in  stomach  and  r.  hypochonder,  with  feeling 
of  fulness  i  shooting  in  back  of  joint  between  ist  and  and  phalanx  of 
1.  4th  finger  lasting  all  forenoon,  out-tearing  pain  between  metacarpus 
and  1st  phalanx  of  r,  thumb*  9  a.m.  and  6  p.m.^  boring  in  1.  tibiii 
fine  shooting  deep  in  throat  with  scraping  ;  after  normal  stool  at  toa^m. 
at  2  p.m.  great  urging  to  stool,  when  more  wind  than  f^ces  was  pas^» 
2.30  p.m.,  some  strong  heart *8  beats,  moderated  by  deep  inspiration 
when  standing.  6  p.m.,  shooting  in  glands  at  sides  of  fra^nulum  lingua ; 
before  dinner  and  in  e.  compression  in  upper  arm  and  both  knce- 
joinis. —  iSth,  7  a.m.,  5  dr.  brom  i.  Soon  scraping  in  throat  and  rough 
deep  voice  lasting  about  i  h.  ;  dryness  in  mouth  lasting  |  h.  8.15 
a.m.,  wandering  pains  in  L  thoracic  wall,  independent  of  respiration  ; 
later  these  pains  go  to  r.  thoracic  wall,  when  ihey  become  prcssive; 
they  leave  the  1.  side  and  continue  on  r.  side  of  chest  on  the  i6th,  tyth^^ 
and  1 8th,  they  come  on  when  awaking,  are  not  increased  by  breathing* 
or  movement,  the  pain  is  increased  only  by  bending  forwards  b^ith 
shoulders  and  upper  part  of  chest  or  turning  the  thorax  on  its  axis, 
consequently  they  are  muscular.  7  p.m.,  scraping  in  larynx,  dry  cough, 
little  appetite  all  d.,  active  state  of  body  and  mind  j  this  occurs  on  all 
subsequent  days  i  in  e.  an  intense  bitter  taste  on  tip  of  tongue, — i6th, 
6,45  a.m.,  15  dr.  In  5  m.  some  shooting  in  larynx  and  lachrymation, 
scraping  and  frequent  hawking  on  account  of  mucus  in  throat.  7.45 
a.m.  and  e*,  frequent  sneezing.  8  p.m.,  boring  in  I,  frontal  bone,  in 
lower  part  r.  tibia,  dull  pain  deep  in  1.,  then  in  r.  leg  when  sitting, 
throbbing  in  front  of  r.  knee  lasting  some  m.  ;  shooting  in  frarnulum 
linguae  (as  on  12th)  with  flow  of  thin  saliva  j  later  cold  feeling  on  tip 
of  tongue  with  How  of  saliva,  i  p.m.,  smarting  \i\  conj.  pjlpcbr,, 
sharp  stitch  in  1.  hypochonder. —  i7ih,  7  a.m.,  30  dr.  8  a.m., 
boiing  in  lower  part  of  I.  tibia.  12,  noon,  much  sneezing.  12.30 
p.m.  and  later,  much  rumbling   in  abdomen.     On    14th,   15th,  and 


BROMUM.  595 

r6th,  pricking  when  the  red  of  the  r.  side  of  the  upper  lip  lies  on  the 
lower  lip  ;  on  the  17th  this  pains  as  if  the  upper  lip  had  burst ;  this  was 
not  the  case,  but  the  part  indicated  almost  as  far  as  the  commissure 
was  covered  with  a  number  of  yellow  spots  the  size  of  a  pin's  head,  not 
elevated,  as  though  a  yellow  fluid  were  infiltrated  under  epithelium. 
3  p.m.,  sharp  stitch  in  r.  axilla.  6  p.m.,  pressure  on  back  of  joint 
between  ist  and  2nd  phalanx  of  r.  4th  finger.  7  p.m.,  some  cutting  in 
inner  canthus  of  r.  eye,  the  same  in  inner  canthus  of  1.  eye. — 16th, 
wandering  pressive  pains  in  dorsal  muscles  below  scapulae,  also  on  i8th  ; 
in  second  half  of  d.  more  nasal  mucus  secreted,  sometimes  with  streaks 
of  blood  ;  the  urine  passed  before  dinner  contains  large  flakes  of  white 
mucus.  At  n.  sprang  out  of  bed  in  sleep  owing  to  a  disturbing  dream, 
and  only  recovered  consciousness  by  the  feet  coming  in  contact  with 
cold  floor.  Next  m.^  6  a.m.,  several  drops  of  blood  when  blowing  nose. — 
18th,  6.30,  50  dr.  Soon  fauces  became  dark  red,  the  tonsils  secreted 
more  mucus,  then  came  on  scraping,  shooting,  feeling  of  rawness, 
tonsils  swelled  ;  all  this  lasted  2  to  3  h.,  recurred  at  every  fresh  dose  and 
even  at  various  times  during  d.  till  e.  8  a.m.,  much  sneezing  frequently 
repeated,  recurring  after  subsequent  doses  ;  nasal  mucus  in  large  quan- 
tities, especially  at  back  of  nasal  cavity,  mucus  sometimes  watery  and 
mixed  with  streaks  of  blood,  in  the  intervals  tiresome  dryness  in  nose, 
also  on  d.  when  no  brom.  was  taken.  From  8  to  1 1  a.m.  shooting  pain 
in  scrob.  cordis  extends  to  umbilical  region,  increased  by  deep  pressure 
and  seems  to  be  seated  deeper  than  stomach.  4  p.m.,  bruised  pain  in  L 
shoulder-joint,  later  in  r.  elbow-joint ;  shooting  in  throat ;  constriction 
in  larynx.  6  p.m.,  jerking  tearing  pain  through  1.  thumb,  in  frontal 
bone,  very  often,  through  r.  big  toe,  in  lower  part  of  r.  leg,  in  r.  knee, 
with  bruised  pain  while  sitting.  7  p.m.,  the  pain  in  r.  thoracic  wall 
increased  much,  lifting  anything  with  r.  hand  increased  it  greatly,  also 
walking  ;  sometimes  the  pain  goes  into  dorsal  muscles  of  the  same  side, 
and  then  it  is  increased  by  expiration  ;  this  remains  till  he  goes  to  sleep, 
it  wakes  him  up  when  he  turns  in  bed ;  continues  as  severe  in  m.  of 
19th,  and  is  only  diminished  on  the  23rd,  is  especially  severe  m.  and 
e.,  worse  when  moving  thorax  after  resting  still  for  some  time,  slighter 
when  walking  than  when  sitting ;  especially  severe  on  waking,  when 
sitting  up  is  almost  impossible  ;  the  pain  lasts  till  2nd  April ;  every 
time  he  takes  a  dose  it  becomes  more  severe  and  extends  to  r.  dorsal 
muscles.  On  3rd  and  4th  April  it  is  almost  gone.  10  a.m.  and  6  p.m., 
shooting  pain  to  1.  of  navel  on  internal  surface  of  abdominal  wall, 
increased  by  pressure.  6.30  p.m.,  cutting  deep  in  umbilical  region 
increased  by  pressure,  lasting  ^  h.,  with  shooting  towards  rectum,  neck 
of  bladder,  and  r.  spermatic  cord.  2  p.m.,  soon  after  dinner,  deep  in 
brain  a  feeling  as  if  before  an  attack  of  apoplexy,  a  feeling  as  though  loss 
of  consciousness  and  vertigo  would  come  on,  equally  strong  when  walking 
and  sitting,  lasting  ^  h.  2.15  p.m.,  shooting  in  internal  condyle  of  r. 
elbow.  3  p.m.,  coldness  through  back  and  limbs  in  warm  room. — 20th, 
m.,  pressure  as  with  a  peg  above  1.  ear,  later  shooting  in  tip  of  tongue. — 
2ist  and  22nd.  Some  compression  at  base  of  1.  4th  and  5th  fingers  ; 
cutting  in  flesh  near  nail  of  big  toe  ;  itching  between  fingers,  soon  going 
off',  during  the  past  days  there  sometimes  exuded  from  urethra  a  clear 


596 


BROMUM. 


-  drop  of  mucus.— 23rd.  Boring  in  spines  of  some  dorsil  vertebrae  m 
'occasionally,  12,  noon,  some  cutting  in  skin  of  ball  off.  big  toe  iB 
urine  during  whole  proving  scanty,  dark,  sometimes  with  red  sediment  ■ 
in  utensil. — 24th,  7  a.m.>  S  dr.  brom.  I  (l  to  20).  Soon  pressure  in  | 
r,  tibia,  in  I.  pectoral  muscles,  in  base  of  L  fingers  ;  flow  of  much  thin 
saliva  till  10  a.m.  lasting  some  hours  j  the  same  after  each  dose.  H 
a*m.,  pressure  in  frontal  bone  1.  then  r.,  in  metacarpal  bone  of  r,  injcx,  ■ 
in  r/thoracic  wall  under  nipple,  in  1.  instep,  in  1.  knee,  with  weary  pain  ■ 
deep  in  J.  leg,  extending  through  L  ankle  to  foot,  in  L  wrist,  under  I.  I 
clavicle,  9  a.m.,  in  r.  inner  ankle  ;  pressure  and  tired  feeling  in  h  ■ 
shoulder-joint,  in  sternum.  7.30  a.m*,  sweet  taste  in  mouth.  S.JO  I 
a.m.j  remarkable  salt  taste  on  tip  of  tongue,  lasts  several  m.  8  a.OT.,  I 
sharp  stitches  behind  K  ear  ;  smarting  in  borders  of  eyelids,  8*30  a.m.,  ■ 
burning  like  pepper  under  tongue,  also  later,  occasionally.  9  a,m.,  ■ 
tearing  in  I.  clavicle;  much  eructation  of  tasteless  air,  and  much  I 
rumbling  of  air  in  belly.  4  p.m.,  boring  in  back  part  of  crista  ilii,  5.30 1 
p.m.,  cutting  in  r.  inner  canthus,  then  in  outer  canthus  ^  shooting  in  I 
throat  with  lachrymation  and  flow  of  chin  saliva  ;  in  anus  much  itching  ■ 
creeping  as  if  something  alive  moved  there.— 25th,  On  waking  pain  ml 
r.  thoracic  wall  as  above. — 26th,  6.45  a.m.,  10  dr.  Immcdiatrly  tick- 1 
ling  in  nose,  as  though  he  would  sneeze,  and  feeling  as  if  the  ccntte  ofM 
upper  lip  and  neighbouring  part  of  nose  swelled,  momentary.  7  2-m*|l 
pressure  in  frontal  bone  (with  dazed  feeling  in  sinciput),  L  forearm,  headf 
of  r.  fibula,  top  of  head,  deep  in  1.  leg,  in  front  of  1.  ankle-joint,  and  in 
bones  of  r,  instep,  9  a.m.,  in  r.  instep  in  bones,  4  p.m.,  in  sternum, 
in  r.  ankle-joint,  especially  in  inner  ankle,  8  p.m.,  in  r.  shoulder- ■ 
joint.  6  p.m.  and  repeatedly  during  e.,  in  some  spots  of  r.  thoracic  I 
wall  a  feeling  as  if  the  wall  were  pressed  from  within  outwards,  not  ■ 
increased  by  breathing  but  by  moving  chest.  8  a.m.,  feeling  of  hc;it  in  1 
front  part  of  shoulder-joint  ;  shooting  in  skiiv  over  zygoma,  in  tip  of  I 
glans  penis,  8.30  a.m.,  in  skin  of  larynx,  deep  in  1.  ear,  to  a.m.,  in  I 
r.  inner  canthus,  then  on  anterior  tip  of  1.  cristia  ilti,  in  1.  hypochonderj  I 
raw  feeling  in  throat.  3.15  p.m.,  severe  shooting  and  tickling  in  larynx  I 
with  lachrymation  and  feeling  as  though  larynx  were  constricted,  ioM 
a,m.,  tearing  in  ist  phalanx  oT  r.  4th  and  5th  fingers. — 27th,  9.30  a,in^ 
shooting  in  larynx  and  canthi,  and  later  1  burning  and  shooting  im 
under  surface  of  tongue  ;  shooting  in  1.  hypochonder,  7p.m»,  scve*^ 
pain  to  1*  of  navel,  deeply  seated,  aggravated  by  pressure.  8  p.i^^ 
severe  cutting  on  dorsum  of  1,  4th  toe;  besides  these  many  of  t^B 
pressive  pains  mentioned  on  26th. — 30th,  6.30  a.m.,  20  dr.  Ta^4 
sharp,  sourish,  left  in  throat  shooting,  scraping,  raw  feeling  lastir  - 
almost  all  d,  ;  the  same  as  5th  April.  7.30  a.m.,  shooting  in  gUf^ 
penis  and  on  sides  of  root  of  penis.  8  a.m.,  tickling  in  brynx  wii^ 
inclination  to  cough,  9  a.m.,  constrictive  sensation  deep  in  throat  an  ^ 
dry  cough,  followed  by  coppery  taste  at  back  of  palate,  spasmodi 
sensation  rising  up  from  throat ;  in  c.  also  dry  cough  and  scraping  i 
throat.  Q.30  a.m.,  tensive  pain  in  lumbar  and  dorsal  muscles  on  r. 
increased  by  moving  parts  ;  sharp  shooting  deep  in  L  hypochonder,  12 
noon,  burning  shooting  on  point  off,  shoulder  y  tearing  through  1.  ^t^ 
finger  (and  r.  3rd  and  4th  fingers  e.)>  pressure  in  r.  spermatic  cord,     9 


BROMUM.  597 

p.m.,  severe  boring  in  1.  frontal  bone  (also  31st) ;  pressure  as  on  26th, 
sharp  stitches  in  tip  of  tongue. — 31st,  9  a.m.,  repeated  scraping  in 
larynx  and  dry  cough  ;  shooting  in  1.  spermatic  cord  ;  in  both  hypo- 
chondria and  deep  in  the  sides  of  the  abdomen,  especially  the  I.^  along 
with  open  bowels,  violent  cutting  increased  by  pressure,  lasts  ^  h.  and 
goes  off  gradually  ;  the  last  d.  there  appeared  on  back  of  1.  hand,  more 
towards  thumb  and  index,  many  small  red  spots,  which  sometimes 
itched,  went  away  and  reappeared,  some  of  them  turned  into  quite  small 
vesicles  which  dried  up  in  from  12  to  24  h.  and  left  a  small  red  spot.— 
April  5th,  40  dr.  Taste  as  on  March  30th,  same  symptoms  occurred  : 
cutting  in  inner  canthus  and  increased  moisture  there  ;  gnawing  in  tibia 
and  frontal  bone,  pressure  in  some  joints,  in  pectoral  and  dorsal  muscles  ; 
the  pain  in  r.  thoracic  wall  becamie  more  severe ;  shooting  and  scraping 
deep  in  throat ;  shooting  in  glans  penis  and  spermatic  cords ;  great 
pressure  on  dorsal  vertebrae  increased  by  niotion,  frequently  by  d.,  wakes 
him  ac  n.  ;  these  symptoms  continued  partly  during  following  d. ; 
pricking  on  back  of  r.  little  finger,  where  some  bright  red  little  spots 
appeared  which  lasted  all  d.  ^  obtuse  pain  deep  in  r.  ear  (also  on  6th). 
4.30  p.m.,  in  front  of  lower  maxilla  and  extending  to  r.  a  pain  like 
gnawing  or  sawing,  suddenly  coming  on  and  going  off  soon.  6  p.m., 
long  stitches  through  penis  to  glans  ;  pressure  as  from  a  blunt  instru- 
ment in  front  of  1.  maxillary  joint,  deeply  seated,  in  back  of  1.  nasal  cavity 
as  if  in  Eustachian  tube,  the  act  of  swallowing  altered  this  sensation 
for  a  moment,  lasted  1^  h.  ;  some  inguinal  glands  on  r.  side  are  obviously 
larger,  also  on  next  d.,  without  pain  ;  some  of  following  n.  on  awaking 
pain  in  r.  thoracic  wall  ^  during  all  the  proving  urine  diminished,  though 
some  d.  much  fluid  was  drunk  ;  sometimes  there  was  a  red  sediment  on 
utensil ;  stools  earlier  and  often  softer  than  usual ;  the  teeth  became 
yellow.     (/^/^.,  xliv,  369.) 

9.  H£RiNG  proved  B.  on  himself,  wife,  and  others ;  manner  not 
stated. 

a.  From  vapour  was  observed, — sensation  as  if  coryza  were  coming 
on^  some  pains  between  6th  and  7th  ribs,  and  little  appetite ;  while  sitting 
reading  in  e.,  a  sort  of  fading  of  sight,  as  if  wind  wafted  away  what 
was  before  eyes;  became  sleepy  at  unusually  early  h.,  but  on  retiring 
lay  awake  for  hours ;   in  m.  slept  as  if  stunned  very  late. 

b.  From  istdil., — feeling  of  contraction  in  chest,  breathing  restricted 
and  very  uncomfortable,  with  dry  tickling  cough  (all  ist  d.,  for  an  h. 
at  a  time  on  2nd  d.) ;  at  times  slight  pain  in  and  over  r.  eye  and  some 
conjunctivitis  (ist  d.)  •,  slimy,  rather  loose  stool,  with  much  wind  (2nd 
and  following  d.) ;  severe  aching  in  whole  head  for  2  h.  (afternoon  of 
3rd  d.) ;  pain  in  r.  chest,  gradually  extending  to  back  and  lasting  some 
h.  ;  while  walking  in  street  severe  rheumatic,  dull,  constrictive  pain, 
going  to  r.  shoulder  and  arm,  and  then  disappearing. 

c.  From  3rd  dil., — on  1.  side  of  nose,  swelling  and  pain  on  pressure, 
as  from  matter  forming  there.  From  5th,  gums  painful  in  m.  From 
6th,  fulness  in  chest  and  neck,  as  if  soft  substance  were  between  lungs 
and  sternum.     (Neues  Archiv^  ii,  119.) 

10.  HusEMANN. — a.  From  3rd  dil., — in  e.  when  alone,  felt  as  if  he 
must  look  behind  him^  and  would  then  see  some  one  or  thing  \  stabbing 


BROMUM. 


pain  through  r,  side  of  head  i  pain  in  1.  side  of  head,  extending  to  1. 
[jjcye  ;  eyelids  very  heavy,  can  only  open  and  keep  them  open  with  great 
Pdifficulty  ;  coldness  of  eyelids  j  burning  of  upper  lip,  Virhich  seems  verV 
smooth  i  eructations,  tasteless  ;  after  smoking  very  severe  pinching 
pains  in  abdomen^  better  from  pressure,  worse  from  rapid  motion,  when 
sitting  bent  and  when  pressing  on  abdomen  pain  felt  only  daring  ex* 
piralion  ;  continuous  coryza  (r,  side),  with  stopped-up  feeling,  upper 
lip  becomes  sore  and  peels  ;  raw,  hollow,  dry  cough,  with  weariness  i 
feeling  as  if  inspiration  was  impeded  by  something  in  middle  of  chest 
(lasting  5  weeks)  ;  pain  in  r.  lung;  slight  oppression  of  heart  and  pal- 
pitation i  inspired  air  seems  very  cold  ;  heat  in  feet  ;  yawning  commen- 
cing in  m,  and  lasting  all  d.,  specially  provoked  by  inspiration  ;  much 
sleepiness  ;  feels  outer  cold  much,  and  shudders  through  whole  body. 

if.  From  5th  dil., — pain  on  1.  side  of  head  ;  itching  here  and  there 
on  scalp;  pain  at  nasal  orifice,  on  pressure  ;  hot  uncomfortable  feeling 
in  face,  especially  below  nose,  chapping  and  tickling  as  from  cobweb* 
there,  at  same  time  running  of  nose  and  lachrymation  in  r.  eye  5  sting- 
ing, and  later  tickling  at  tip  of  tongue  ;  persistent  coryza  as  before, 
with  violent  sneezing  ;  pain  under  r.  shoulder  and  in  knees  ;  shuddering 
down  back;  chillinessj  with  oppression  of  head  and  pain  extending  to  L 
eye, 
\  c.  From  6th  dil.,— on  2nd  d,,  vertigo  and  tendency  to  fall  back- 
wards; pain  in  two  teeth  i  coryza  as  before,  very  sore  and  raw  in 
throat.  Without  note  of  time,^ — hoarseness  ;  cough,  brought  on  by 
scraping  tickling  ;  yawning,  with  he^t  in  face  and  nose.     [Ibid.) 

11,  LiPPE,  From  jrd  dil,, — general  trembling  on  1st  and  2nd  d. ; 
tension  in  L  cheek  towards  chin^  at  times  with  pressing  pain  extending 
to  1,  ear  (2nd  d,) ;  gurgling  and  rumbling  in  abdomen  (4th  to  6th  d.)  \ 
passage  of  light  yellow  faeces,  preceded  by  cuttings  and  gurglings  in  abdo- 
men, also  eructations  as  from  rotten  eggs  (5th  to  jth  d.)  Much  out 
of  sorts  for  5  d.  ( ?  afterwards).     {Ibid,) 

12.  Neidhard.  From  ist  diL, — weight  in  forehead  in  sun-heat^ 
disappearing  in  shade.     {Ihid,  ) 

\  II.  Poisonings. — i*  A  daguerreotypist  took  3j  of  B.,  with  suicidal 
intent.  The  immediate  symptoms  were  spasms  of  muscles  of  deglmi* 
tion  and  respiration,  with  dyspnoea.  Then  followed  intense  heat  in 
stomach,  great  anxiety,  restlessness,  and  trembling  of  hands.  Pulse 
was  rapid  and  tense,  and  breathing  hurried  and  rattling.  No  nausea  or 
vomiting  save  as  excited  by  eme[ic  remedies.  Skin  gradually  became 
cold  and  clammy,  mucus  flowed  freely  from  nostrils,  and  saliva  from 
mouth.  There  was  great  and  distressing  agitation,  skin  in  many  parts 
was  bluish,  countenance  haggard  and  eyes  sunken*  Pain  in  abdomen 
moved  gradually  lower  down.  No  loss  of  consciousness.  Death  by 
collapse  in  74  h.  Mucous  membrane  of  stomach  was  found  highly 
injected,  softened,  ecchymoscd  in  spots,  and  covered  with  black  depasjit 
resembling  coarse  tanned  leather.  Similar  appearances  were  presented 
by  duodenum.  Peritoneum  was  highly  injected  in  its  upper  half,  and 
tinged  of  a  reddish  yellow.  (Skell,  A^,  K  Journ,  of  AUd,^  N,  S.,  v, 
170.) 

2.  A  young  man  inhaled  vapour  from  3  lbs.  of  B.     He  was  reported 


BROMUM.  599 

tosuperintendent  of  laboratory  as  dying,  and  found  perfectly  asphyxiated. 
"The  corrosive  action  of  the  B.  was  such  that  the  glottis  had  closed 
with  a  spasm,  and  did  not  seem  to  be  willing  to  yield.  I  drew  out  the 
tongue,  and  the  air  would  fairly  whistle  through  the  glottis,  and  then 
the  spasm  would  shut  it  down  tight  again."  Steam  was  then  directed 
into  his  mouth.  *'  It  had  the  effect.  The  spasm  relaxed,  and  he  was  sub- 
sequently treated  with  ammonia  vapour,  and  sent  home  to  keep  company 
with  the  tea-kettle.  He  assured  me  that  until  12  that  n.  he  did  not 
dare  leave  the  kettle  for  2  m.  The  subsequent  inflammatory  action 
was  easily  controlled.*'     (Duffield,  Ranking's  Abstract^  xlvi,  116.) 

3.  Four  NET  gave  to  some  patients  aflPected  by  chronic  arthritis  at  first  1  drops  of 
B.  suspended  in  mucilage  daily  ;  this  was  raised  by  s  drops  daily  to  60  drops.  \f  uci* 
lagc  was  always  4  oz.  Two  drops  caused  only  hot  sensation  in  back  of  palate.  In  a 
little  stronger  dose  patient  felt  in  15  m.  itchings  in  hands  and  feet,  and  snocks  in  feet 
and  near  knees ;  1 5  m.  later  borborygpnus  and  colic.  During  n.  sensations  in  hands 
and  feet  now  and  then  repeated.  As  dose  became  stronger  sensation  of  heat  in  chest, 
with  attempts  to  vomit,  but  no  vomiting.  At  first  peculiar  sensation  of  weakness  and 
fatigue  in  chest  accompanied  these  el^rts,  but  when  patient  became  habituated  to 
preceding  phenomena  these  symptoms  disappeared.  The  patient  who  had  these 
Itching^  in  fingers  was  alwap  the  most  sensible  toreflPects  of  brom.  Fifteen  m.  after 
10  drops  had  sensation  as  of  great  weight  on  stomach,  with  desire  to  vomit,  colics,  and 
borborygmi ;  t  h.  after  feeling  of  tightening  from  shoulders  to  beneath  elbow  on  each 
side,  as  if  compressed  in  vice ;  lancinating  pains  in  fingers  and  circumference  of  head, 
but  these  symptoms  disappeared  and  he  enjoyed  a  remarkable  degree  of  calm.  Sym. 
ptoms  renewed  every  d.  after  medicine.  At  length  there  was  added  feeling  of  shooting 
pain  round  orbits.     {Bull.  d£  Th&,y  Fevr.,  1830.) 

4.  If  over  1  o  dr.  of  a  solution  of  1  dr.  of  B.  in  a  pint  of  distilled  water 
be  taken  daily  for  several  weeks  it  will  almost  certainly  produce  mem- 
branous dysmenorrhcea I  have  also  seen  from  over-dosing  with  B.  a 

violent  headache  ranging  from  the  frontal  sinus  down  to  the  base  of  the 
brain,  with  marked  increase  of  pulse  in  volume  and  frequency.  (W. 
A.  Gordon,  M.D.,  Chicago  Med.  and  Surg.  Joum.^  Aug.,  1877.) 

III.  Experiments  om  aninudi. — i.  After  a  number  of  experiments  on  dogs  and 
rodents  the  following  results  were  obtained : — Bromine  introduced  by  drops  into  the 
buccal  cavity  of  a  livmg  animal,  where  owing  to  the  heat  of  the  body  it  rapidly  assumes 
the  gaseous  form,  acts  as  a  violent  irritant  on  all  parts  of  the  m.m.  with  which  it  comes 
in  contact ;  there  occur  copious  secretions  of  mucus  and  saliva;  in  a  similar  irritant 
manner  it  acts  on  the  vascular  nasal  m.m.  and  thence  backwards  on  the  conjunctiva 
and  lachrymal  gland ;  hence  the  flow  of  watery,  and,  in  course  of  time,  purulent,  mucus 
from  nose,  sneezing,  redness  of  conjunctiva  (frequently  observed)  and  watering  of 
eyes.  In  like  manner  there  occur  irritation  and  inflammation  of  air  passages  and  of 
hings.  Usually  the  inflammation  of  the  m.m.  in  the  larynx  and  trachea  has  an  exuda- 
tivc  character,  and  like  the  irritation  of  these  parts  caused  by  chlorine  and  ammo- 
nia-gas it  tends  to  form  pseudo-membranes ;  sometimes  preceding  the  action  of  the 
brom.  on  the  air.passages  there  occurs  a  transient  spasmodic  closure  of  the  glottis, 
hence  the  preliminary  violent  suffocative  phenomena  often  observed.  As  conseauences 
of  the  irritation  of  the  respiratory  organs  there  were  observed :  difficult  respiration, 
sometimesslowed,suflbcative,sometimesquickened,  superficial,  combined  with  sneezing, 
obstinate  cough,  that  generally  has  a  croupy  sound  (in  rodents  there  was  no  cough), 
and  increased  mucous  secretion,  hoarse  mucous  rales  during  respiration.  Death  gene. 
rally  occurred  in  a  state  of  great  weakness,  from  inflammation  or  paralysis  of  lungs. 
The  P.M.  showed  fauces  and  respiratory  organs  inflamed.  The  m.m.  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  intestinal  canal  was  generally  slightly  irritated.    (Heimrdinger,  op.  cit,) 

%,  A  gold  fish,  placed  in  mixture  ot  i  part  saturated  solution  of  B.  and  2  parts 
water,  bad  its  whole  surface  immediately  corroded,  and  life  appeared  to  be  extinct  in 


6oo 


BROMUM. 


less  than  i  m.  Anotbcr  fi»b  placed  in  water  tinged  faintly  jrellow  by  B,  bad  re^ir^ 
don  quickened  and  appikrcnrfy  rcndcfcd  more  Uboriotis.  Tlits  animal  4iowed  no 
other  sign^  ot  cxcjttrnitnt  and  dice!  in  i  b.;  its  surfece  was  cofioded;  gill*  of  both 
wc  re  congested.     (  G  L  o  %•  E  R ,  he.  at.  1 . 

1.  Four  drop*  were  placed  on  bill  of  pigeon  ;  bill  was  corroded  where  brom.  <*!& 

I  placed  y  vioknt  cJtcitement  t'olluwed  byapainctic  *tar.      .Inrh  in  j  d.,  owing  to  cornj. 

^ EiOfti  and  irritation  of  air-passagcs  produced  by  inh:i '  irncs.      {Iffid.) 

4,  Four  drops  were  in  trod uceci  into  externa]  jug  I  ng  male  rabbit.     Imroe- 

diately  it  ?kh ricked  ;  respiration  became  laborious;  pupiK  were  ddatcd  ;  heart '>  action 
qukk  and  violent,  but  ceased  after  a  few  inc^ular  heahi  j  two  or  thrre  convulsitt 
struggles;  animal  died  in  70  seconds  from  peHomiance  of  operation.  On  opening 
chest  immediately,  irritability  of  heart  was  found  to  be  destroyed.  Substance  of  heaft 
corroded  near  apex  j  several  mark«  of  corrosion  in  lung.  Blood  in  r.  ventricle  aod 
pulmonary  artery  was  coagulated  and  corroded.  Contractility  of  voluntary  miAsdes 
lemained.     (Ihid.) 

5*  Middle-sized  bulUand-lerrier  bitch,  strong  and  activci  had  t  ot.  «>lution  (ooo* 
taining  2§  minims  of  B.)  injected  in  jugular  ^  paniing  and  tumulti:'  u  of  h«9rt» 

^pasm  of  opisthotonos  followed  by  terrific  yell  and  escape  of  urine  When 

spasm  had  subsided,  having  lasted  i  m..  It  gave  Mrvcral  heavy  ' '  -  trt't 

action  was  felt  very  feeble  and  Irregular  ;  pupil  was  observed  nl 

tremors  of  muscles  occurred  before  death,  which  was  prccedc<i  r-jr  .  nid 

took  place  >%  it  hill  three  m,  from   injection.     Voluntary  muscles   i  Jy 

when  cut.     Heart  was  gorged  with  black  coagulated  blocKl  in  r.  t ,,  .„.-     .-_.  red 

blood  in  its  ].,and  wa?i  irritable  5  m.  after  death.  Lungs  coUapsiCd  on  opening  chest, 
and  appeared  healthy.     Uhid.) 

6.  Fox-hound  had  injection  into  jugular  of  \  ut,  ^aturaied  solution  of  B.  Sciird 
with  fit  of  panting  for  i  m.  After  ihi»  respiration  and  circulation  both  quickened. 
In  17  m.  coryxa  and  sneezing,  then  rigors  came  on.  During  ist  h.  pasMrd  tiece* 
repeatedly.  For  some  h,  continued  feeble,  as  if  suffering  from  pulmonary  affection, 
but  eventually  recovered.  On  second  occa-^ioo  had  30  dixips  of  B.  introduced  ioto 
jugular  of  ^idc  not  operated  on  before,  and,  as  fluid  did  not  descend,  but  coagulated 

.  blood  in  vein  and  destroyed  surrounding  part«,  t  oz.  of  saturated  solution  wa*  thrown 
r  in  afterwards.     Animal  gave  loud  yell  \  h cart ''s  action  became  violent  and  irreguhri 
and   respiration  of  same   panting  character  as  before.     Then  violent   movementt, 
followed   by  prostration   and   manifestations  of  suffering.     Seventeen   minutes  after 
operation  he  made  eftbrts  tc.»  vomit,  and  began  to  void  blood  by  mouth.     Pupil  greatly 
d dated.     Appeared  to  possess  perfect  consciousness.      Died   in   ij  h.  aiter  operaiH*n| 
having  repeatedly  pasiicd  blood  by  mouth,  and  voided  utineand  faeces  ;  death  preceded 
by  great  feebleness  of  heart's  action  and  mu.'icular  debility.     After  death,  limgs  pre* 
sented  splrndid  appearance   of  congestion,  and   several  apoplectic-like  spot-       li   ^.t 
pressure  caused  blood  to  flovc  from  almost  every  part  of  pulmonary  tiivsue, 
contained  troihy  blood,  and  in  several  places  were  occupied   by  strings  of  ci  i^......-^ 

blood.  On  cutting  near  border  of  r.  lung,  there  appeared  a  ve&M;!  filled  with  yellowed 
and  corroded  blood;  and  around^  pulmonary  tlssi»e  contained  much  blood.  Stomach 
contained  J  pint  grumous  bto^id  ;  mucous  coat  much  injected  and  presented  Mrveral 
large  ecchymoses,  one  of  which,  ne:ir  the  cardia,  appeared  to  have  been  chief  source 
of  blood.     Rectum  showed  mark*  of  vascularity.     (Ihid,) 

7.  Sixty  minims  of  B.  were  poured  down  flexible  tube  into  ytomach  of  strong 
female  cat.  No  effect  fori  m. ;  then  respiration  and  circulation  greatly  qu 
inspiration  somewhat  prolonged,  but  expiration  made  with  rapidity^  and  ace*  I 
by  a  wheexe.  Saliva  began  to  drop  from  mouth,  eyes  to  wafer,  and  in  4.  ni,  clc^r 
fluid  ran  in  constant  stream  from  mouth  and  nose*  About  5th  m,,  animal  begin  to 
struggle  violently,  and  made  repeated  eflbris  to  vomit,  but  unsuccessfully*  Hv3irf's 
action  bet*ame  very  irregular,  and  after  terrible  convulsions  death  took  place  17  m. 
after  injection.  Mucous  membrane  of  stornnch  could  be  sicparated  in  rose,  '  \ 
flukes.  Lining  membrane  of  gullet  was  as  if  filled  with  a  minute  red 
Appearances  of  corrosion  extended  to  air-pas»ages  and  lungs.  Peristaltic  .*^  iM>ii  fit 
inetstines   was   stopped,   and    small    intestines  had   completely   loi^t    their   tonicity. 

«.  Injection  into  stomach  of  terrier  of  Jij  pure  B.     No  emotion  for  7  m.     Tlicn 
drew   his    belly  along  ground,  vomited    matter   evolving    funitis    of   B.     For    1     li. 


BROMUM.  6oi 

symptoms  were  of  this  character ;  occasionally  faeces  were  passed^  and  there  were 
frequent  tremors,  cries,  and  other  expressions  of  pain.  Respirations  heavy  and  hearths 
action  feeble.  Death  5}  h.  after  operation.  Inspection  some  h.  after.  Lungs  had 
several  large  spots  towards  their  roots,  and  were  infiltrated  with  bloody  serum.  Blood 
was  d^rk  coloured  and  coagulated  on  both  sides  of  heart.  Peritoneum  contained 
dark.coloured  semi.f)uid  matter,  feebly  acid,  and  had  marks  of  inflammation. 
Greater  part  of  stomach  had  been  dissolved,  leaving  only  some  blackened  shreds 
attached  to  duodenum,  and  another  portion  at  cardia,  which  might  amount  to  a  third 
of  organ.  This  part  was  marked  with  long  black  striae,  and  presented  a  space  near 
entrance  of  oesophagus  where  mucous  membrane  was  deeply  injected.  Mucous 
membrane  of  this  remaining  part  was  gelatinised  j  remaining  peritoneal  coat  was 
tinged  blue,  somewhat  more  of  it  was  left  than  of  the  other  coats.  Great  part  of 
lining  membrane  of  gullet  was  reddened  and  thickened.  Duodenum  and  small 
intestines  quite  different  in  appearance  to  stomach.  Duodenum  yellowed  internally 
by  poison,  and  retained  strong  odour  of  B.,  which  was  not  the  case  with  stomach. 
Mucous  membrane  of  duodenum,  though  thickened,  felt  harder  than  natural,  and 
rather  brittle,  but  was  covered  with  large  quantity  of^  matter  which  appeared  to  be 
secretion  of  bowel  acted  on  by  poison.  On  cutting  jejunum  or  ileum  across,  walls  of 
tube  did  not  collapse.  Mucous  membrane  of  these  intestines  was  much  thickened, 
and  in  superior  portion  had  a  white  and  granulated  aspect.  At  inferior  part  of  small 
intestine,  mucous  membrane  was  thickened  and  softened,  and  began  to  exhibit  traces 
of  vascularity,  which  were  very  distinct  in  sigmoid  flexure  and  rectum,  where  there 
was  little  or  no  corrosion.  Colon  was  empty.  Lower  part  of  liver  was  corroded  and 
of  bluish  colour.  Membranes  of  brain  were  vascular.  Careful  analysis  of  heart  and 
contents  showed  B.  to  have  been  absorbed  into  blood.     {Ibid,) 

9.  Ten  minims  pure  B.  into  stomach  of  male  rabbit.  No  effects  followed. 
Three  d.  after,  was  poisoned  by  prussic  acid,  when  mucous  membrane  of  cardiac 
portion  of  stomach  was  found  reddened,  somewhat  thickened  and  softened,  and  dotted 
with  numerous  minute  white  spots  of  corrosion.     (Ibid.^ 

10.  Another  rabbit  had  10  minims.  Three  h.  aner  operation  respiration  was 
wheezing,  and  saliva  flowed  from  mouth.  Got  well,  was  killed  after  a  week  by 
pnissic  acid.     Ulcer  size  of  shilling,  of  triangular  shape,  found  near  cardia.     {Ibid,) 

11.  Two  oz.  saturated  sol.  into  stomach  of  rabbit.  Death  in  5  m.  Had  tetanic 
convulsions,  peculiar  rapid  movement  of  fore-legs ;  after  this  pulse  slow  and  feeble, 
respiration  slow  and  forcible,  pupils  at  first  contracted,  afterwards  dilated,  salivation 
just  before  death.  After  death :  bloody  froth  in  mouth  and  air-passages ;  several 
apoplectic  spots  towards  roots  of  lungs  $  heart  not  irritable  3  m.  after  death ;  blood 
dark  and  fluid  in  both  cavities.  Mucous  membrane  of  stomach  was  of  a  white  and 
corroded  aspect  over  greater  part  of  organ,  deeply  injected  at  depending  part.  Same 
appearances  extended  to  duodenum.  Epithelium  of  stomach  came  off  in  washing  the 
organ.     {Ibid.) 

1 1.  One  oz.  of  solution  to  rabbit.  Death  in  1 5  m.  Loss  of  power  over  voluntary 
muscles;  breathing  embarrassed,  frothing  at  mouth,  violent  convulsions.  L.  side  of 
heart  contained  dark  clotted  blood.  In  both  these  cases  the  voluntary  muscles 
contracted,  and  peristaltic  action  continued.  No  evidence  of  absorption  of  B.  was 
obtained  from  analysis  of  organs.     {Ibid,) 

1 3.  One  oz.  solution  into  stomach  of  rabbit.  5  m.  later  another  oz.  i  h.  after, 
had  coryza  and  salivation,  at  6  p.m.  Next  m.  at  9,  was  found  on  his  side,  eyelids 
closed,  respiration  slow  and  forcible  with  slight  wheeze ;  pulse  scarcely  perceptible ; 
fore-legs  regularly  moved  towards  head,  and  then  brought  back ;  some  flow  of 
saliva ;  animal  heat  low ;  death  at  5.  No  corrosion  in  stomach,  which  was  contracted 
on  a  little  semi-digested  food.  Cardiac  portion  of  deep  purple  hue,  separated  by  dis- 
tinct line  of  separation  from  pyloric  portion,  which  was  pale  and  oedematous. 
Epithelium  was  removed,  and  mucous  membrane  over  cardiac  portion  was  occupied 
in  several  places  by  irregular  patches  of  ulceration.  The  same  disorganisation  was 
seen  in  upper  part  of  small  mtestines.  Blood  was  coagulated  in  abdominal  veins 
and  ascenoing  cava ;  heart  pale  and  empty.  Blood  gave  evidence  of  presence  of 
poison.     (Ibid) 

14.  Terrier,  five  months  old,  had  3  oz.  solution  of  brom.  thrown  into  stomach, 
penis  secured  by  ligature.  3  m.  after  he  vomited  much  frothy  mucus  and  a  little 
semi  digested  food,  exhaling  vapours  of  B.     Repeated  vomiting  of  bloody  mucus  and 


602 


BROMUM. 


purging  succeeded  for  t  h.,  with  great  unea«in«».     After  this  he  by  lu  state  of  gmt 
tcehkivcsi,  but  did    not  appear  to  have  pain.     4    h.  after  operation^   Hgatuie   ^u. 
removed.     Furtljwith    urine    was   pa<»ved   containing   B»     Urine    passed    4    h.  iherj 
operation  contained  none.     Next  d,  seemed  wclJ.     Same  do>€  given,   *»iniilaT  eifcct>|l 
lri«s  vomiting.    D.  after,  same  do-se;  could  not  retain  his  ioad.    Two  d,  after  jtd  don« J 
completely    pro-^lnitcd ;     respirations   abdominal;    heart    lilow    and     feeble;     rupUlJ 
dilated;  ^tvation  {  body  cold;  death   preceded   by  »rupor   and  frothing   at  tni>uthj 
Stomach  ^^howed  several  mottled  erythematous  patchc*.     Distinct  line  of  ftcpanLtiiifl  1 
between  cardiac  and  pyloric  ppitions;   tormer  presented  appearance  of  sottcnuig,  ind 
was  yellowish  except  in  *itc  of  patche*  described.     It   h*d    lo%t    iu   epithelium  in 
several    parts.     Pyloric   portion    wav   red,    contracted,   and    nigtine;    lungs,    ijightlyj 
afTcctcd  with  tubercle,  were  tnfiUrare<f  with  hlootly  serum  Htid  partjy  with  purulent  1 
secretion.     Black  coagulated  blood  in  both  ^idess  of  heart;  no  brom.  on  aixalysis  ot* 
blood  and  organs,     (li^iit) 

15.  Dog  had  a  oi.  of  solution  B.  introduced  into  stomach.     Pa-wcd  farces  almo^  1 
directly.     In  1  h,  respiration  was  aflTccted ;  salivation,  coryza*  and  retching  cn^^urd.] 
About  3rd  h.  symptoms  had  subsided.     He  had  1  ot,  every  second  or  third  d.  for  1 
month,  t.i,  time  was  given  lor  irritation  of  each  dose  to  ^tubside^     He  got  very  iliiii| 
was  much  purged^  and  acquired  great  appetite.     (M/</.) 

16.  Eight  drops  were  pLiced  on  tongue  of  small  dog;  if  made  effort*  lo  reject 
poison^  fumes  of  which  were  disengaged  from  mouth.  In  a  few  m.  rc^piniKin 
doubled  in  rapidity,  inspiration  accompanied  with  mucous  rattle »  and  expiration  with 
wheezing  atid  hiccup.  Kespi rations  gradually  got  iklower^  and  heart  V  action  irre- 
gular. Passed  ticces  repeatedly,  and  retchfd  violently.  Mouth  and  eyn  watered; 
pupils  dilated  ;  animal,  after  these  symptoms  had  subsided  (aticr  lasting  i  h.}^  becajne 
greatly  depressed,     {Ibicf.) 

17.  Brumal  hydrate  irritates  eyes  and  produces  running  at  tio%c.  If  has  a  tiarci>tic 
action  like  chhiral,  but  causes  more  excitement  and  less  profound  sleep.  U  has  1 
more  powerful  paralysing  action  on  the  heart,  and  is  poisonous  in  smaller  do*<?*,  rhnti 
chloral.  It  generally  cause*  salivation,  and  profuse  secretion  from  the  ■ 
mucous  membrane,  accompanied  by  congestion.  In  toxic  doses  it  produces 
dyspnceat  and  death  with  convuKions  which  are  probably  due^  in  great  measure  at 
least,  to  clogging  ot  the  respiratory  passages.     (Bruntok,o;^.  at.) 

18.  The  result  cA  a  series  of  experiments  on  rabbits,  guinea-pigs,  and  dog^,  tn  whict 
the  hydrate  of  bromal  was  subcutancously  Injected  in  doses  varying  from  about  1  to 
15  gr.,  were,  with  slight  variation  in  regard  to  time  of  appearance,  asfollow>: — rest* 
lestness  and  contraction  of  the  pupil  occurred  immediately  after  the  injection  ;  in  iHc 
course  of  a  few  minutes  the  oral  and  nasal  mucous  membranes  became  hyperir"  "  »h' 
animal  then  twinkled  the  eyelids,  keeping  the  eyelid.^  a  moment   ciwsed,  an 

never  falling  into  a  sound  sleep,  often  gave  a  sudden  jerk  as  if  waking  out  ol   i  ,., 

I    In  several  cases  there  was  a  now  of  the  secretions  from  the  mouth  and  n<we.      The 
animal  then  became  anarstheticised,  the  respiration   very  frequent,  and  dyspnoea  and 
cyanosis  followed-     The  pupils  became  expanded,  the  movements  of  the  animal  unctf. 
tain,  and  the  hypnotic  effect  more  pronounced.     It  squatted  down  and  rolled  ov«f| 
recovering  its  torraer  position  after  a  few  seconds.     Pinching  and  pricking  were  not 
felt  in  any  part  of  the  body,  though  reflex  action  occurred,     Dyspiscea  became  m«>rR 
viulem,  and  the  animal  died  in  convulsions  ;  or  the  respiratory  movements  and  puW  J 
gradually  sank  till  death  took    place,  usually  preceded   by  convulsions,     AnjestocMfti 
generally  supervened  vi?ith  medium  doses  a  considerable  period  before  the  ct>mnienc«* 
menr  of  dyspnoea,  but  with  large  doses  coetaneou>ly,  or  even  subsequently  to  the  occur* 
rence  of  the  dyspnoea.     In  accordance  with  the  dose  admin  istervd,  the  heart  after  death  J 
was  either  relaxed   with  dark   red  coagula  in  the  cavities,  or  letanicaily  coQtRM:teti«.l 
(Steinauer,  Prar/.^v,  1 17.)  ■ 

19.  STEiNAUtR  considers  {Centralhif,  J,  mtd.  W is  seme  h.^  1874.,  No.  a  6)  that  fhc 
experiments  hitherto  made  to  determine  the  que>iion  whether  in  the  pre{)ar:trion3i  of 
bromine  the  B.  exerts  a  specific  action,  are  insuHiciLnt,  because  in  them  the  dirferetice 
in  the  action  of  bromide  of  potassium  and  of  Ko<iium  has  aWne  been  c on^idcrtrL  In 
his  researches,  instead  of  these  salts  he  used  bydrobromic  acid,  bromated  acetic  arid 
especially  mono-bromo-acctic  acid,  the  bibromi^ed  being  less  adapted  on  account  of 
easy  destructibility,  Broino-bemol  and  hromo-benzoic  arid,  hydrobromic  acid,  and 
the  broaiaied  acetic  acid  (as  well  as  the  salts  o(  the  latter)^  proved  tlicmsclves  t«>  be 


AMMONIUM  BROMATUM.  603 

poisonous.  In  doses  of  from  7  to  1 5  gr.  they  proved  fatal  to  rabbits  in  J  h.  Hydro- 
bromic  acid  in  a  few  m.  produced  distinct  effects  on  heart  and  respiration.  At  first 
frequency  of  pulse  fell  to  some  extent,  whilst  respiration  increased  in  frequency,  and 
the  animal  at  the  same  time  became  more  quiet.  After  a  little  while  vohmtary  power 
was  lost,  and  soon  after  there  was  diminution  and  ultimately  complete  loss  of  reflex 
activity.  Then  occurred  irregularity  in  inspiration  and  cardiac  beats;  still  later 
remarkable  diminution  of  both,  and  death,  preceded,  in  warm-blooded  animals,  by 
convulsions.  P.M.  examination  showed  arrest  of  the  heart's  action  in  diastole,  and 
neither  mechanical  nor  electrical  excitation,  directly  applied,  called  forth  more  than  a 
few  slight  contractions.  The  sequence  of  symptoms,  in  poisoning  with  the  mono- 
bromised  acetic  acid,  was  very  similar,  except  that  the  heart  was  arrested  in  systole ; 
artificial  respiration  proved  useless,  and  in  no  respect  altered  course  of  symptoms. 
Neither  section  of  vagus  nor  paralysis  of  terminal  branches  of  cardiac  nerves  by  nico- 
tine prevented  fell  of  pulse  in  frequency,  and  S.  hence  concluded  that  the  vagi  were 
not  acted  upon  by  the  poison.  From  results  of  other  experiments  he  is  inclined  to 
think  that  it  causes  paralysis  of  cardiac  muscle  with  coincident  affection  of  excito- 
motor  cardiac  centre.  Mono-brom-benzol  and  mono-brom-benzoic  arid,  in  both  of 
which  the  B  is  strongly  combined  with  the  other  molecules,  exhibited  a  mode  of 
action  that  differed  little  from  the  above.     (Hfid,  xiii,  272.) 

20.  a.  Glover  made  an  injection  of  hydrobromic  acid  into  jugular  of  terrier. 
Symptoms  : — strong,  quick,  and  irregular  action  of  heart,  curious  succession  of  fits  of 
panting,  at  intervals  of  3  or  4  seconds,  lasting  each  time  for  10  or  11  seconds.  This 
went  on  20  m.     After  2  h.  was  quite  well. 

b.  Injection  into  stomach  of  iss  of  solution  (90  minims  of  B.  in  2  oz.  wafer  being 
converted  into  hydrobromic  acid).  Effects : — restlessness ;  quickened  respiration  and 
circulation  ;  great  uneasiness ;  sharp  cry  now  and  then  j  loss  of  power  over  voluntary 
muscles;  discharge  of  urine;  slight  convulsions ;  death  in  10  m.  P.M.  Lungs  con- 
gested, Infiltrated  with  frothy  serum,  with  a  few  apoplectic  spots  in  their  tissue; 
bladder  full  of  urine  ;  whole  mucous  membrane  of  cardiac  portion  of  stomach  showed 
uniform  grey  erosion,  was  much  softened,  and  had  epithelium  removed.     (Loc.  cit.) 

21.  Bromoform  was  introduced  by  same  into  stomach  of  rabbit,  and  produced 
quickened  respirations,  short  dry  cough.  Heart's  action  auick,  at  first  irregular,  then 
very  feeble.  A  few  convulsive  movements  of  limbs,  cougn  changes  to  husky  expira- 
tion and  death  after  large  dose.  After  death  voluntary  muscles  contracted  strongly  5 
heart  without  motion,  did  not  contracted  when  irritated.  Blood  in  both  cavities 
somewhat  frothy  and  mixed  with  large  masses  of  coagula.  In  1.  ventricle,  mass  of 
clear  coagulated  lymph.  Lungs  in  many  parts  light  purple  colour,  but  lower  border 
almost  black.  Congested  spots  scattered  everywhere.  Towards  lower  part  the 
tissue  broken  down  in  many  parts,  and  saturated  with  blood.  Bronchi  contained 
much  frothy  serum,  and  their  Iming  membrane  was  deeply  injected.  Nervous  system 
showed  no  morbid  appearances.     (Ibid,) 

Ammonimn  bromatnm,  bromide  of  ammonium,  NH.Br. 
I.  Provings. — i.  A.  M.  Gushing,  M.D.,  Feb.  20th,  1808.,  7  a.m., 
took  5  gr.  of  ix  trit, ;  9  a.m.,  5  gr.  ;  12  m.,  5  gr. ;  8.15  p.m.,  5 
r.  ;  10  p.m.,  10  gr.  21st. — A  sudden  short  cough  when  rising  from 
cd  in  m.,  from  sensation  of  mucus  in  throat.  7  30  a.m.,  took  10  gr. ; 
it  is  a  warm  morning,  and  in  the  house  I  am  troubled  more  with  cold 
than  I  have  been  at  any  time  during  the  winter  ;  have  to  warm  my  feet 
even  in  a  warm  room.  10  a.m.,  biting  sensation  on  1.  side  of  tip  of  tongue. 
I  p.m.,  stringy,  tasteless  mucus  in  mouth.  2.15  p.m.,  took  10  gr.  ; 
8  p.m.,  10  gr. ;  10.4S  p.m.,  \o  gr.  22nd. — 7.30  a.m.,  10  gr.  ;  feet 
cold  J  9  p.m.,  10  gr. ;  10.30  p.m.,  20  gr.  j  at  times  during  d.  felt  as  if 
band  were  tied  around  head  above  ears.  23rd. — 8.30  a.m.,  15  gr.  ; 
feet  very  cold,  head  feels  tied  as  before,  pressing  hardest  just  above  ears  ; 
3  p.m.,  10  gr.  At  II  a.m.  and  3  p.m.,  a  sharp,  twisting  pain  just 
above  crest  of  ih'um,  r.  side;  e.,  feet  cold  5  10  p.m.,  15  gr. ;  sudden 
cough  \  the  cough  and  inclination  to  cough  come  suddenly.      24th, 


604 


AMMONIUM   BROMATUM, 


8  a.m.,  20  gr.  ;  3.30  p.m.,  10  gr. }  1 1   p»m.,  20  gr, ;  during  e.  suddeti, 
hacking  cough,  with  watery  discharge  from  the  nose;  12.30  a.m.,20gT. 
25ih.,  8  a.m.,  20  gr* ;  feet  cold,  legs  ache,  accumulation  of  mucus  in 
posterior  fauces  ;  fauces  and  top  of  tongue  fur  half  Its  length   feci  as  if 
thev  had  been  scalded  ;   accumulation  of  mucus  in  fauces,  snnging  in 
fauces^  with  inclination  to  cough,  but  relieved   by  sneering  i  feet  cgid  ^ 
repeated  sharp  pains  in  baclc  of  r.  leg,  midway  from  hip  to  knee  ;  urn., 
20  gr.  ;  in  20  m.  sudden  urgent  desire  for  stool,  with  loose  stool.     26th. 
— Tickling  in  throat  in  m.,with  inclination  to  cough  j  tongue  very  sort 
as  if  burnt  j  cannot  talk  or  read  without  pain  ;  mouth  filled  withsalisa ; 
tickling  in  throat  j  1 145  p.m.,  20  gr.     27th. — Tongue  stiff  and  sore  ; 
irritation  of  throat  with  inclination  to  cough  ;  tongue  sore  all  d. ;  some 
pain  in  posterior  of  J.  leg,  midway  from  hip  to  knee  ;  tighrness  across 
chest  with  pain  in  lungs  ;  inclination  to  draw  long  breath  ^  12  m.,  when 
walking,  had  to  hold  mouth  open  on  account  of  heat  in  throat  and 
lungs.     28th. — In  m.  tongue  dry,  sore,  and  stiff.     9  a.m.,  20  gr. ;  irrita- 
tion of  fauces  with  desire  to  cough  5  stomach  feels   bad  ;  food  does  not 
digest,  can  taste  it  several  h.  ;  pain   in   left   leg  gone,  but  is  in  same 
localityof  r.  leg;  an  old  harmorrhoidaJ  tumour  which  had  not  appeared  for 
some  time  returned,  and  was  quite  hard,  sore,  and  very  small,  but  soon 
disappeared.     29th. — In  m.,  tongue  smarts  severely,  as  if  just  burnt; 
inclination  to  cough  (rom  low  down  in  the  throat  ;  distress  ^  sore^  lame 
feeling  in  the  stomach  ;  white,  thick,  mucus  in  throat  ;  sudden,  deep 
cough  ;  swallowing  anything  cold  causes  distress  entire  length  of  ocso* 
phagus  and  into  stomach  ;  flashes  of  heat  over  body^  as  if  perspiration 
would  come  on.     ii  p.m.,  terrible  distress  in  upper  part  of  epigastrium  j 
could  not  sit  still, — had  to  walk  the  room  ;  during  this  time  much  belch- 
ing of  wind  ;  pain  went  through  to  back  and  extended  to   both   hypo- 
chondrta  ;  could  scarcely  get  breath  ;  pain  was  so  severe  that  it  produced 
perspiration    over    whole  body  ;    took  a  dose  of  cuprum  met.,  which 
wholly  relieved  pain  in  4  h.     March  1st. — In  m.,  mouth  fcch  as  if  just 
burnt  ;  tickling  on  both  sides  of  throat,  causing  deep  cough  ;  distress  in 
stomach.     8  p.m.,  something  seems  to  rise  from  pit  of  stomach,  altnust 
stopping  breath,  causes  faint  and  very  disagreeable  sensation,  partially 
relieved  by  raising  wind,  tasting  of  food  eaten  several  h,   before  j  bcaid 
feels  a!>  if  band  were  around  it,     2nd. — In  m.j  mouth  feels  as  if  just- 
burnt ;  stomach  easier ;  sudden  inclination   to  cough,  from  tickling  in 
both  sides  of  throat  just  below  tonsils.     During  afternoon  and  e.  seti^- 
tion  of  fainting  or  suffocation,  beginning  at  epigastrium  and  rising  on 
both  sides  of  sternum  to  the  throat,  causing  him  to  sigh  and    walk 
around  the  room  ;  feared  he  might  die  j  pain  under  middle  ofl.  clavicle, 
above  ears  ;  inclined  to  be  chilly,  with  flushes  of  heat  ;  occasional  belch- 
ing of  small  quantities  of  wind,  slightly  sour  ;  sensation  of  hot  air  pa^s* 
ing  up  throatj  on  r.  side,  thougli  stomach  feels  cold  ;  pain  around    both 
eyes,  into  head  {took  i  dose  of  carbo.  veg,J.     Back  and  feet  cold   in  z 
warm  room  1  mouth  filled  with  white,  frothy,  stringy  mucus.     3rd.-^ 
Mouth  feels  as  if  burnt  ;  while  earing,  a  sensation  in  stomach  similar  co 
that  experienced  last  e.  i  pain  around  orbits  ;  r,  eye  full  of  white,  stringy 
mucus  ;  much  redness  between  orbit  and   inner  canthi  \  looks  as  if  4 
membrane  were  growing  over  it  (pterygium)  j  sharp  pain  m  K  side  af 


AMMONIUM   BROMATUM.  605 

head,  near  eye;  feet  cold.  11.30  a.m.,  feeling  over  r.  kidney  as  if 
something  were  pressed  hard  against  it,  relieved  by  pressure,  but  leaving 
a  pulling  sensation  ;  sudden  cough,  from  tickling  in  throat  just  below 
tonsils  ;  stomach  feels  badly  in  afternoon,  but  easier  than  on  previous 
c. ;  eye  smarts  in  e.,  but  not  during  d.  4th. — R.  eye  sore  ;  lids  swollen  ; 
eye  full  of  white,  stringy  mucus.  During  afternoon  and  e.  cough  is 
deep  from  tickling  in  throat  as  before,  causing  pain  in  tonsils.  R.  eye 
quite  sore ;  feels  large,  and  smarts ;  have  to  wear  shade  in  e.  to  read  or 
write ;  sore  spot  over  r.  kidney  ;  feet  cold  in  warm  room  ;  fauces  slightly 
sore.  5th. — Both  eyes  sore,  very  red  ;  lids  stuck  together  in  m. ;  throat 
sore  ;  fauces  dark  fed  and  congested  ;  feet. cold  in  warn)  room  ;  occa- 
sional, sudden  cough,  with  expectoration  of  white  mucus ;  throat  sore  ; 
tongue  feels  as  if  burnt.  6th. — Tongue  sore  on  top,  both  sides  and 
tip  ;  throat  sore, — looks  mottled,  as  if  diphtheritic  deposits  were  com- 
mencing ^^  frequent  sensations  (which  occur  daily),  as  if  something  were 
rising  from  stomach,  but  not  like  wind^  causing  faint  sensation,  but 
disappearing  in  a  moment.  10  g.m.,  sharp,  cutting  paip  in  stomach; 
throat  sore,  wofse  on  I.  side  ;  slept  but  2. h.  last  night ;  have  been  in 
wind  all  d. ;  eyes  much  better.  7th. — Was  out  mo5t  of  the  n.  (6th), 
still  my  eyes  and  throat  are  much  better,  and  I  coughed  less.  8th. — 
Close  application  to  (>ooks  last  e.  did  not  cause  any  feeling  of  pain  in 
eyes.  Throat  is  well,  and  no  desire  to  cough.  10  p.m.,  took  25  gr. 
2nd  trit.  9th. — In  m.,  pyes  red  and  sore,  with  white  mucus  in 
corners  ;  1.  eye  worse.  Throat  sore,  with  expectoration  of  white,  sticky 
mucus,  with  similar  discharge  from  hose.  6.3Q  a.m.  and  2  p.m.,  took 
same.  During  e.  tickling  in  tl^roat.  Nose  stopped  up,  then  discharge 
of  clear  fli|id.  11.15  P-"^*)  same  dose,  ioth. — Eyes  feel  sore,  as  if 
sand  were  in  them ;  mucus  on  eyelashes  ;  no  discharge  from  nose. 
II  a.m,,  tickling  in  throat,  ^ith  inclination  to  cough.  During  e.,  tick- 
ling in  throat ;  mostly  on  sides,  causing  him  to  cough  suddenly.  Throat 
smarts,  nose  stopped  up  ;  fauces  look  red.  luh. — In  m.,  mouth  feels 
as  if  burnt,  throat  sore  ]|  sudden  cough,  then  a  deep  cough  ;  pain  in  1. 
side  of  head,  pear  eye,  which  occurs  daily.  In  e.,  eyeballs  feel  large 
and  sore  ;  sudden,  spasmodic  cough  from  tickling  in  throat ;  pain  in 
both  tonsils  ;  pain  in  ri^ht  lung,  lung  feels  cold  inside  ;  an  occasional 
discbarge  of  watery  fluid  from  1.  nostril  \  peculiar  pain  in  head,  cannot 
describe  it.  j  1  p.m.,  took  75  gr.  of  2nd.  12th. — Eyes  smart ;  tongue 
feels  as  if  burnt,  worse  near  the  tip.  3  p.m.,  r,  eye  feels  as  if  bathed  in 
hot  water.  Eyes  do  not  feel  any  worse  from  not  having  slept  last  n. 
13th. — Was  called  up  at  ^  a.in.  Eyes  stuck  together  ;  mouth  full  of 
white,  sticky  mucus ;  eyes  feel  badly  to-day,  though  I  was  not  awake 
but  i^  h.  last  n. ;  during  d.  sudden  inclination  to  cough  from  tickling 
in  throat ;  pain  in  head  (daily),  just  back  of  the  eyes,  worse  on  1.  side  ; 
in  c.  eyes  feel  very  large,  with  constant  blur  before  them.  14th. — 
Sharp  pain  in  lungs,  worse  in  upper  portion  of  r.  lung  ;  tickling  in 
throat,  with  cough  ;  10.30  p.m.,  took  100  gr.  of  2nd.  15th. — In  m., 
mouth  feels  as  if  badly  burnt ;  sharp  pain  in  both  lungs,  and,  during  fore- 
noon, pain  seemed  to  be  mostly  in  pleurae.  All  forenoon  felt  as  if  cord 
were  tied  around  r.  leg  midway  between  hip  and  knee,  making  him 
limp,  causing  pain.     In  afternoon  pain  in  r.  leg  disappeared,  and  was 


KALI   BROMATUM. 


• 


I 


I 


I 


felt  below  knee  in  1.  leg.  In  e.,  it  was  in  ankle,  then  in  1.  foot,  soon 
passing  away,  with  inclination  to  cough  returning.  i6th, — Eyes  and 
fauces  sore  ;  mouth  feels  as  if  burnt ;  expectoration  of  white^  sticky 
mucus  ;  L  ankle  and  foot  lame  ;  almost  constant  desire  to  cough  ;  sense 
of  suffocation  from  lungs,  which  causes  him  to  move  around  from  fear 
of  suffocating,  17th. — Frequent  constrictive  pains  and  tightness  across 
chest  ;  frequent  cough  i  very  sudden  desire  to  cough,  coming  so  suddenly 
by  tickling  in  throat,  it  strangles  him  and  almost  arrests  breathing  ; 
expectoration  of  gelatinous  mucus.  i8th.^  7  a.m.,  took  50  gr.  9  p.m., 
sensation  in  r.  shoulder,  as  if  pressed  by  a  weight.  19th. — Throat  filled 
with  white,  sticky  mucus  ;  have  to  hawk  it  up,  causing  smarting  of 
fauces,  7  a*m.,  took  50  gr*  of  3rd  trit.  20th.^ — Expectoration  ot 
white,  sticky  mucus  j  feet  very  cold  in  warm  room,  causing  legs  to  ache. 
9  a.m.,  same  dose.  In  e,,  feet  cold  j  throat  feels  sore  ;  pain  in  r.  side  of 
head,  near  eye^  as  if  nail  were  driven  into  it  i  every  e.,  eyelids  droop, 
and  it  is  difficult  and  painful  to  raise  them.  10  p,m,,  lOo  gr.  of  same- 
list. — In  m.,  mouth  and  fauces  full  of  white,  sticky  mucus.  7  a.m., 
25  gr.  of  same.  Throat  much  irritated.  8  p.m.,  sharp  pain  in  lower 
portion  of  h  car,  extending  to  cheek  and  neck  ;  throat  sore  ;  preparing 
to  swallow  is  painful,  but  act  of  swallowing  is  not.  22nd. — In  m,, 
mouth  very  dry;  during  d,  throat  filled  with  white,  sticky  mucus^ 
streaked  with  blood.  23rd. — ^Expectoration  of  white,  sticky  mucus, 
and  occasionally  blood,     (Trans,  if  Arjver,  Init.^f  Hom,y  1870,  p.  354), 

2,  A  student  took,  at  7  p.m,,  40  gr,  in  3j  of  water*  In  3I  h.  he  ex- 
perienced slight  excitement  of  circulation  \  tightness  at  temples  ;  flush- 
ing of  face  j  and  prickling  sensation  in  skin.  Next  d.,  at  2.45  p.m., 
took  same  quantity  by  enema  in  mucilage  of  starch.  In  45  m.  had 
some  excitement  of  circulation  as  before,  with  slight  nervous  exaltation 
such  as  he  has  after  taking  wine,  (Clarke  and  AMORy,Oif  Br^midt 
of  Potassium^  Boston,  1872.) 

3.  Another  student  took  same  dose  in  a  claret  glass  of  water  on  an 
empty  stomach  at  10  p.m.  Pulse  was  80  ;  in  15  m.  88  ;  tn  30  m.  80 
again.  In  40  m.  vascular  excitement  and  exhilaration  as  after  taking 
morphine  j  this  gradually  decreased,  and  was  lost  in  a  fit  of  drowsiness  ^ 
after  \\  h.  he  found  himself  nodding,  and  retired.  Towards  e.  next  d. 
he  had  uneasiness  in  bowels  ;  on  following  d.  decided  diarrhoea  set  in, 
and  lasted  12  h.,  without  griping  or  distress,  though  abdomen  was  dis- 
tended with  flatus.  He  never  had  diarhcea,  and  could  see  no  cause  for 
this  attack  but  the  drug.  On  another  occasion,  took  20  gr,  on  a  full 
stomach  before  retiring  \  again,  within  J  h.,  felt  as  if  he  had  taken 
opium  ;  dreamed  of  trying  to  pass  urine  into  a  bottle,  but  being  unable 
to  do  so  on  account  of  being  constantly  in  a  crowd  of  men  and  women 
{Ibid.) 


Kali  bromatum. 

L  Provings, — i,  a. 


Bromide  of  potassium,  K  Br*» 
In  daily  doses  of  1    gr.  gradually  increased, 


•  "  One  «t  of  ohaervcrs  believe  tbat  all  tlic  effects  of  KBr  are  tlic  feiult  ti<  rbc 
potiv^ium  action-  Thi<i  explanation,  however,  is  ao  longer  tenabir.  The  ^pectHc 
action  upon  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,  and  upon  the  reflex  initabitiry  «f  the  nerTt*o# 
the  paUtc,  a^  well  as  the  eruption  upon  the  skin,  can  now  pot&itivpljr  be  cxpUtoed  as 


KALI   BROMATUM.  607 

caused  increased  stools  and  urine,  headache,  disgusting  eructations,  in- 
clination to  vomit,  oppression  of  chest,  cough,  and  a  long-continued 
hoarseness.  These  symptoms  were  most  marked  after  taking  37  gr. 
in  9  d. 

b.  With  a  hot  iron  he  burnt  his  arm  in  two  places  the  size  of  a 
shilling,  removed  the  epidermis  and  sprinkled  on  the  raw  surfaces  10 
gr.,  adding  a  few  drops  of  water.  The  pain  lasted  i  h.  In  afternoon 
the  part  inflamed^  there  occurred  a  violent  drawing  burning  pain  that 
spread  all  over  the  arm,  and  in  the  night  pain  was  very  great,  but 
declined  towards  m.  Pulse  in  n.  85  to  90.  At  11  am.  next  d.  he 
had  a  loose  stool,  and  3  more  during  afternoon  and  n.)  when  it  became 
watery.  Urine  much  increased,  then  slight  short  cough  in  c.  with 
dazed  head  ;  at  11  p.m.  violent  headache,  especially  in  occiput ;  at  3 
a.m.,  woke  with  very  great  nausea  and  efforts  to  vomit,  vomiting  of 
mucus,  salt  taste  in  mouth.  Headache  increased,  but  pulse  became  full 
and  slow,  65  to  70.  He  fell  asleep  and  awoke  after  2  h.,  with 
headache  and  cough.  In  m.  of  3rd  d.,  2  soft  stools;  the  cough  lasted 
several  d. 

c.  He  made  a  blister  with  cantharides,  and  removed  the  epidermis  ; 
he  then  sprinkled  on  the  raw  surface  10  gr.  of  brom.  of  pot.  No 
inflammation  occurred.  Next  m.  he  had  diarrhoea.  (Horing,  loc. 
at.) 

2.  Heimrdinger  took  fasting  \  dr.  in  )  oz.  water.  T'his 
caused  increased  secretion  of  saliva  and  mucus  in  mouth  ;  feeling  of  heat 
in  abdomen  ;  after  some  h.  great  vertigo  and  confusion  of  heao,  dilated 
pupils,  repeated  eructations,  two  slight  attacks  of  colic,  discharge  of 
flatus,  slight  oppression  of  breathing ;  after  dinner  tiresome  stomach- 
ache I  in  afternoon,  slight  vertigo,  weariness,  thirst,  increased  urination. 
2  d.  after  this  he  took  i  dr.  distributed  in  6  doses  during  the  d. 
Quickened  pulse,  vertigo,  feeling  of  heat  in  abdomen,  frequent  rumbling 
in  bowels^  eructation,  discharge  of  flatus.  In  afternoon,  headache, 
thirst,  two  normal  stools.  Next  m.  vertigo,  stomach  remained  weak 
several  d.  From  loth  to  26th  March  he  took  4  gr.  daily,  from  26th 
March  to  8th  April,  8  gr.  daily.  Nothing  occurred  except  increased 
urinary  secretion.     {Op.  cit.) 

3.  a.  Laborde  took  in  2  doses  at  i  h.  interval  15  grammes  (1  oz.) 
dissolved  in  a  glass  of  eau  sucree;  some  m.  after,  sensation  of  fulness 
and  heat  in  epigastric  region,  nausea  followed  by  repeated  eructations 
with  adbtinct  salt  after-taste,  excessive  secretion  of  saliva,  spitting,  fol- 
lowed by  dryness  of  mouth  lasting  a  long  time,  and  requiring  him  to 
drink  frequently  1  or  2  h.  afterwards,  otecuration  of  vision,  heavinesn 
of  eyelids,  as  though  the  eyes  would  be  forcibly  closed,  a  sort  of  general 
stupe&ction  irresistibly  leading  to  sleep.  This  sleep  is  a  sort  of  heavy 
somnolence,  often  interrupted  by  jumping  up,  though  there  are  no 
actual  dreams,  or  the  dreams  do  not  take  definite  shapes,  it  is  rather  a 
nightmare  of  indefinite  character.  The  sleeping  sometimes  is  indefi- 
nitely prolonged  and  waking  is  extremely  difficult  i  the  will  seems  lost 

cfepending  apoo  the  bromine  of  the  compound.  On  the  other  hand,  the  effect  upor 
circuJatioOy  respintton  and  temperature  is  almou  entirely  due  to  the  potaMum  ** 
(NoTBHACEL  and  Kossbach). 


6o8 


KALI   BROMATUiM 


af  ifsdcaa  and  self-consciousness  could  not  be  regained,  sf 
cuh,  Uz)r,  and  docs  not  get  its  usual  inteJlectuaJ  alimenr,  j 
ness  came  over  him,  proround  indifference   and  almost  dii 
On  attempting  to  get  up  and  walk^  there   is    felt  a  sin| 
characterised  chiefly  by  a  sense  of  emptiness  around   and 
which  he  is  afraid  of  placing  wrongly  ;    the  ground  seeme 
aj^d  the  sense  of  its  resistance  is  lost,  the  walk  is  staggei^ 
impossible,  at  least  he  is  forced  to  give  it  up,      Xhcre  J 
tuseness  of  sensibility,  especially  with  regard  to  reflex  ac 
the  foot  is  not  followed  by  its  usual  effects,  prnching  19^ 
the  sense  of  touch  of  the  hands  is  altered^  so  that  objects  ; 
with  firmness,  there  is  a  general  feeling  of  chilliness  of  thej 
The  pulse  became  slower  and   compressible  as    if  exdngti 
duration  of  this  action  is  15  or  18  h.,  and  all  that  happens  i 
in  the  way  of  moral  and  physical  impressions  is  very  distic 
bered.     After  the  chief  phenomena  have  ceased  there  rema 
of  head. 

h.  Took   6  grm.   in  a  doses  at  J  h.   interval.     Salt 
increase  of  saliva,  eructations  without  nausea,  some  pinching 
if  stomach   is    empty,  not   if  containing   food  j   a    feelingi 
and  calm,  inviting  to  sleep,  which  speedily  fallows  if  lyings 
excitement  generally  accompanied  by  erection  and  emis^ic 
after  this  the  sleep  becomes  profound^  more  or  less  troubled 
great  difficulty  of  being  awakened,  when  awake   musculav 
bruised  feeling  in  limbs  and  loins  ;  on   commencing   to 
steps  are  shaky  and  undecided  but  this  soon  passes  off;  aIon| 
increased  saliva  there  is  also  an  increase  of  the  nasal  niucus^i 
snce/Jng,  this  is  transient ;  increased  urinary  secretion 
of  semen  does  not  take  place  if  the  bladder  be  emptied  ;   th^ 
movements  arc  rendered  slower  than   normal,  the  pulse  ic 
the  reflex  sensibility  of  the  fauces  is  abolished,  but  not  its 
bility.     (Gaz.  Med,^  1869,  p.  554.) 

4.  G.  P — ,  :et,  20,  medical  student,  took  at  4.30  p.m,  5 1 
37'2°,  at4.45  p.m.  5  grm.     Salty  taste,  pressure  in  epigastrii 
sensation  of  warmth,  eructations.     5p»m,,  p.  84,  feeling  of 
head  and  eyelids,  the  eyes  look  glazed,     5.15  p.m.,  p,  80,  fee 
cular  fatigue  and  weakness,  weariness,  yawning.    5. 30,  tcmf 
thinking  power  slow.     6  p.m.,  p.   66,  dulness  of  head,  toud 
causes  no  reflex  actions.     6.30  p.m.,  p.  70,  feeling  of  prostra 
plains  of  fatigue  and  dulness  of  head  when  walking  \    tended 
rhoea  and  urging  to  urinate  \  in  e.  several  diarrboeic   stool 
4rch.f.  Exp.  Phy.  u.  Pharm.y  1876,  vi,  13.) 

5,  G.  h — ,  medical  student,  set.  21  J,  took  at  3.15  p.m.  (t 
37°  and  p.  80)  5   grm.     Salty  taste.     3.25  p.m.,  feeling  o^ 
stomach,  5  grm.     3.30  p.m.,  p.  80,  flow  of  saliva.     3  45,  p*  | 
eructation,  feeling  of  pressure  m  head.     4  p.m.,  temp.  37*^, 
oi  vertigo  and  prostration,  touching  velum  palati  and  postc'rd 
causes  no  reaction*     4,15  p.m.,  dryness   in   mouth.     4.30 
complete  anesthesia   of  palate  and    pharynx.     5    p.m,,    tc 
p.  68,  soft  I  soft  stool  and  copious   urination ;  rumbling 


KALI    BROMATUM. 


609 


5.30  p.m.,  p.  64,  feeling  of  prostration >  frequent  spitting  of  viscid  saliva, 
6  p,cn.,  p,  68,  touching  palate  causes  slight  retching  movements, 
muscular  weakness,  confusion  of  head,  6.30,  p.  72,  soft  and  small  j 
whilst  walking  is  tired  and  memory  weak  ;  urging  to  stool  and  urine. 
E.,  several  watery  stools  ;  after  sleep,  on  waking  next  m*,  some  difficulty 
of  swallowing  -,  palate  and  pharyngeal  m.m.  very  red  and  somewhat 
swollen,  uvula  swollen.     {Ibid.) 

6.  a,  Krosz,  set.  25.  At  8,50  a.m.  (temp,  being  36*8'^,  p.  80)  took 
5  grm.  Salty  taste,  eructation,  8.55  a.m.,  5  grm.  9  a.m.,  feeling  of 
fulness,  pressure,  and  warmth  in  epigastrium,  dulness  of  head,  salivation* 
9.15  a.m.,  p.  72  ;  besides  dulness  there  is  heaviness  and  pressure  in  head  ; 
chinking  acateness  diminished.  9,30  a.m.,  p.  68,  slight  nausea,  liquid 
stool  and  much  urination.  9.45  a.m.,  p.  64,  palate  without  reaction. 
10  a.m.,  temp.  36*6°,  p.  64,  heaviness  of  eyelids,  head  hot,  general 
prostration,  laziness  of  movements.  10.30  a.m.,  p.  58,  small,  irrcgularj 
weariness,  can  only  keep  off  sleep  by  walking  about,  11  a.m.,  temp. 
36*5'^,  p.  60,  irregular.  1 1  *30  a.m.,  p.  60,  touching  palate  causes  no 
reaction.  Head  rather  dull.  12.15  p.m.,  p.  64,  retinal  vessels  rather 
contracted  than  enlarged.  1.15  p.m,,  temp.  36^6^^,  p.  64,  nearly  regular. 
2*15  p.m.,  p.  66,  palate  very  slightly  sensitive,  all  symptoms  gone  except 
weariness,  stupor,  and  uneasiness  in  the  belly.  2,45  p.m.,  p.  80.  A 
certain  amount  of  weariness  and  exhaustion  lasts  all  d.  A  few  d.  later 
an  exanthem  appeared  \  on  shoulders  and  lower  part  of  face  are  many, 
on  the  extremities,  forehead,  and  chest  several  lentil-sized,  red  extin- 
guishable  spots,  in  the  middle  of  which  is  a  pustule,  filled  with  matter, 
surrounding  a  hair  glandule.  On  1.  clavicle  are  two,  on  shoulders  and 
back  several  elevated  hard  red  lumps  the  size  of  a  pea,  which  are  not 
depressed  nor  yet  do  they  lose  their  colour  when  pressed. 

A.  On  another  occasion, — 8.25  a.m.,  temp.  36*8%  p.  80,  took  8  grm. 
8.30  a.m.,  7  grm.,  salt  taste,  eructations.  8.45  a.m.,  p.  76,  salivation, 
pressure  and  sore  feeling  in  stomach.  9  a.m.,  p.  72,  headache,  9.15 
a.m.,  p.  68,  liquid  stool,  slight  nausea,  salivation  continues,  also  pressure 
in  epigastric  region.  9.30,  temp.  36*6*^,  p.  64,  small.  No  reflex  nausea 
on  touching  palate,  pressive  pain  and  confusion  in  head.  General  pros- 
tration and  weariness,  thinking  power  curtailed  and  speech  slow, 
10  a.m.,  p.  60,  irregular  and  small.  10.30  a.m.,  temp.  36*4^,  p.  57» 
small  and  intermitting.  1 1  a.m.,  p.  52,  small  and  intermitting,  intel-d 
lectual  work  difficult,  i  j.30  a.m.,  temp.  36'2°,  p.  50.  12  noon,  p.  52,  ■ 
fauces  quite  anaesthetic.  12.30  p.m.,  temp,  36-4'^,  p.  56,  much  clear- 
coloured  urine.  2  p.m.,  temp,  36" 6*^,  p.  66,  small  and  irregular,  some 
headache  remains  as  also  slowness  of  speech.  Difficulty  of  thinking, 
feeling  of  exhaustion.  Palate  reacts  a  little  when  touched,  3.45  p.m. 
temp,  37'^,  p.  80,  regular.  At  5  p.m.  fell  asleep  from  exhaustion  and 
slept  I  h.  Seven  d.  after  this  there  appeared,  besides  acne  pustules 
with  heads  the  size  of  peas  on  forehead,  checks,  chin  and  back,  a  good 
number  of  hard,  red  lumps  (as  before),  some  of  which  suppurated  in  the 
middle.      [Ibid,)  M 

7.  A  gentleman,  anticipating  a  wakeful  n,,  took  20  gr.  before  goingi 
to  bed  at  11  p.m.     Slept  well  till  3,  when  he  awoke,  and  in  ^  h.,  feel- 
ing no  inclination  to  sleep  further,  took  20  gr.  more.     H^  %\sy^x  w^ 

1£^ 


bio 


KALI  BROMATUM. 


more  that  n.,  but  at  4,30  a.m.  was  attacked  with  flatulent  colic  tn 
region  of  duodenum,  which  passed  off  in  watery  diarrhoea  during  d. 
Next  d.  had  pain,  swelling,  and  tenderness  in  K  testicle  and  cord.  Was 
restless  for  4  or  5  n.  following,  being  frequently  awakened  by  volup- 
tuous dreams,  with  severe  erections.  (Merrill^  Trans,  of  4m  /«//,  ^ 
Hornby  1870,  p.  326.) 

8,  A  patient  affected  with  epilepsy,  but  otherwise  well^  tuoK  lO  gr. 
daily,  which  soon  caused  cessation  of  the  "lapses^*  {pititmal).     But  in 
order  to  make  sure,  and  stop  the  greater  evil  also,  he  went  on  increas* 
ing  dose  till  at  length  he  was  taking  70 — 80  gr.  daily.     "  The  first  sym- 
ptom," he  writes,  **  of  overdoing  the  thing  that  I  noticed   was  the 
profound  and  yet  disturbed  sleep  into  which  it  seemed  to  throw  me.     I 
always  awoke  with  mental  struggle  and  effort,  not  knowingr  at   first 
where  I  was,  or  what  had  become  of  me  ;  in  fact,  as  I  told  Dr.  M.,  I 
seemed  to  have  gone  too  far  down  into  the  gulf  of  sleep.     Side  by  side 
with  this,  but  of  course  less  noticeable  to  me,  was  the  enfeebling  of 
mental  power.     A  little  page  in  my  accounts,  which  I  should  usually 
prepare  and  balance  in  \  h,,  took  me  2  or  3  evenings'  weary  work.     But 
the  worst  thing  was  the  tendency  to  talk  *  Mrs.  Malaprop '  Englishjj« 
substituting  one  word  ending  in  ^  tion  *  for  another  in  a  most  provoklngl 
and  yet  ludicrous  way, — *  contraction  '  instead  of  'subscription,*  for 
instance,  when  I  was  asking  for  the  latter,  even  in  writing.^     1  went 
from  home  and  for  a  time  dropped  the  medicine.     In  a  week  my  host  said 
that  I  looked  ten  years  younger  than  when  1  first  came,     The  stoop  in 
my  figure,  the  slow  uncertain  speech,  and  other  bad  symptoms^  espe- 
cially the  heaviness   in  the  eyes,  were   gone,  and   1   felt   quite   myself 
again."     (Lockhart  Clarke,  Brit,  and  For.  Mid.-Ckir.  Rev,^  Octj| 
i860.) 

IL  Poisonings, —  I.  a.  When  given  in  large  doses,  such  as  30  and 
40  gr.  2  or  3  times  a  d.,  bromide  of  potassium  produces  very  striking 
symptoms  in  about  10  or  15  d.  The  patient  at  first  complains  of  a 
dull  headache,  becomes  listless  and  apathetic,  with  an  expression le$.s 
gaze  and  a  lustreless  eye.      His  intellect  is  clouded,  his  mind  ^  J  J 

and  he   is   unable  to  concentrate  his  thoughts.     There  is  slu^  jfl 

perception,  and  questions  have  to  be  asked  several  times  before  their 
meaning  is  understood  and  an  answer  can  be  obtained.  If,  when  these 
symptoms  have  begun  to  show  themselves,  the  medicine  be  continued, 
hebetude  follows,  with  inability  to  think,  and  a  kind  of  stupor  resembling 
that  of  the  first  stage  of  typhoid  fever,  together  with  drowsiness,  somno^ 
lence,  and  constantly  dropping  off  to  sleep.  The  pupils  are  dilated, 
and  contract  very  sluggishly  under  the  influence  of  a  strong  light  ^  the 
sensibility  of  the  conjunctiva  is  so  deadened  that  a  finger  may  be  pressed 
with  impunity  on  the  surface  of  the  eyeball  without  producing  winking. 
Hearing  loses  its  usual  acuteness,  and  it  is  only  by  speaking  in  a  very 
loud  voice  that  the  patient  can  be  aroused  from  his  stupor. 

t.  The  sense  of  taste  is  probably  impaired  like  those  of  hearing  and 

#  "  Voisin  cites  an  interesting  case  of  a  patient  who  maiiifcsecd  thi«t  divturbance  ol 
memory  tor  words  also  in  writing  i  he  wrote  some  words  which  were  mcompreheft!»i1)ta 
and  other  words  only  h;iU  finished,  in  bewildering  succc^^sioo.'*    (BO£|lll|  ZicinsM-itfl 
Cyclopedia ^  X  V  i  i»  3 1 8 , )  I 


KALI  BROMATUM.  6ii 

of  sight.  The  tongue  is  moist  and  red  at  first,  but  after  a  few  d.  it  has 
a  tendency  to  drying  and  browning.  There  is  anaesthesia  of  the  velum 
palati,  the  uvula  and  upper  portion  of  the  pharynx,  so  that  these  parts 
may  be  tickled  without  producing  nausea  or  involuntary  movements  of 
deglutition.  Swallowing  itself,  however,  is  unimpaired,  and,  strangely 
enough,  the  appetite  remains  very  good  ;  the  patient  takes  his  food  well, 
and  dozes  off  immediately  after.  Digestion  seems  to  be  easy,  and  the 
bowels,  although  sluggish  in  their  action,  are  not  confined.  There  is 
intense  thirst,  and  a  craving  for  cold  drinks.  The  anaesthesia  is  not 
confined  to  the  mucous  membranes  only,  for  the  sensibility  of  the  skin 
is  diminished  also,  so  that  pinching  and  pricking  are  scarcely  noticed  by 
the  patient.  From  the  beginning  the  sexual  aptitude  fails ;  erections 
become  rare  and  imperfect,  and  cease  entirely  after  a  few  d. 

c.  Simultaneously  with  the  impairment  of  sensibility,  disorders  of 
motility  manifest  themselves.  Thus  the  patient  is  averse  to  taking 
exercise,  sits  and  lounges  about ;  by  degrees  his  gait  becomes  altered, 
he  rolls  and  staggers  like  a  drunken  man,  his  limbs  shake  and  bend 
under  him.  After  a  time  he  is  obliged  to  keep  to  his  bed,  and  when  he 
uses  his  hands,  as  in  the  act  of  carrying  anything  to  his  mouth,  they 
are  seen  to  tremble,  as  if  he  were  suffering  from  delirium  tremens. 
The  respiration  is  calm  and  tranquil,  with  occasional  sighing.  The 
circulation  is  considerably  slackened  ;  the  pulse  at  the  wrist  is  weak 
and  slow  \  the  heart's  beat  lacking  in  energy,  and  its  sounds  distant 
and  feeble ;  in  bet,  in  its  effect  on  the  heart,  bromide  of  potassium 
seems  to  resemble  digitalis.  If  the  drug  be  withheld,  these  symptoms 
diminish  and  pass  off  of  themselves^  but  they  leave  behind  them  for 
some  time  afterwards  great  feebleness,  both  physical  and  mental.  The 
anaesthesia  of  the  fauces  seems  to  be  the  last  phenomenon  to  disappear. 
(Bazire,  Trousseau's  Clinical  Lectures^  N.  Syd.  Soc,  vol.  i.) 

2.  The  following  are  the  symptoms  of  a  toxic  dose,  which  are  only 
an  increase  or  an  exaggeration  of  tho^e  of  a  therapeutic  one : — The 
fcetid  breath  becomes  nauseous ;  cedema  supervenes  on  congestion  of 
the  uvula  and  fauces  ;  the  whispering  voice  sinks  into  aphonia ;  sexual 
weakness  degenerates  into  impotence;  muscular  weakness  becomes 
complete  paralysis ;  reflex,  general,  and  special  sensibility  disappears ; 
the  ears  do  not  hear,  nor  the  eyes  see,  nor  the  tongue  taste ;  the 
expression  of  hebetude  becomes  first  that  of  imbecility,  and  then  that 
of  idiocy ;  hallucinations  of  sight  and  sound,  with  or  without  mania, 
precede  general  cerebral  indifference,  apathy,  and  paralysis ;  the  respira- 
tion, without  the  stertor  of  opium  or  alcohol,  is  easy  but  slow ;  the 
temperature  of  the  body  is  lowered.  As  the  bromism  becomes  more 
profound,  the  patient  lies  quietly  on  his  bed,  unable  to  move,  or  feel, 
or  swallow,  or  speak,  with  dilated  and  uncontractile  pupils,  and  scarcely 
any  change  of  the  colour  of  the  skin  or  face ;  the  extremities  grow 
gradually  colder  and  colder ;  the  action  of  the  heart  becomes  feebler 
and  slower,  till  it  ceases  altogether.     (Clarke  and  Amory,  op,  cit.) 

3.  A  man  affected  with  ulceration  of  larynx  used  K.  brom.  internally, 
and  by  means  of  a  pulveriser.  Soon  patient's  complexion  became  of  a 
dirty -yellow  colour;  he  had  hollow  eyes,  a  strange  fixed  look,  face 
without  expression,  considerable  emaciation,  tottering  limbs,  trembling 


6ia 


KALI  BROMATUM. 


hands,  and  a  generally  cachectic  state.     Gradually  appetite  was  lost ; 
intense  pains  in  hairy  scalp  supervened,  especially  at  n. ;  strength  win 
daily   diminished,   and    trembling    increased   in  proportion.     As  thcM|H 
symptoms   of  bromism   developed    themselves,  disease   in    throat  was 
relieved.    In  two  months  they  declined,  and  eventually  patient  recovered, 
(Marcq,  VUnim  Midicale^  June  i6th,  1866.)  ■ 

4.  In  a  case  of  epilepsy  affecting  a  woman  of  22,  increasingly  large 
doses  of  K.  br.  were  given  for  the  space  of  a  year*  Patient  became 
emaciated,  skin  was  yellowish,  and  face  covered  with  acne  \  she  su'' 
from  gastralgia,  and  was  harassed  with  dry  cough  and  dryness  of  tl 
Finally  she  died,  delirious,  and  oppressed  in  breathing,  with  small, 
frequent  pulse,  and  acute  abdominal  pains.  In  several  cases  reported 
by  Vulpian,  medicine  occasioned  a  state  of  prostration  with  involuntary 
faecal  discharges,  which  threatened  death.  This  result  was  prevented 
by  withdrawal  of  medicine.     (Stille,  op,  ch.) 

5.  The  following  were  the  symptoms  of  bromism  as  observed  in  an 
epileptic  boy,  to  whom  31]  of  K*  br.  had  been  administered  daily  for 
a  month  :■ — extreme  pallor  and  anaemia,  dilated  pupils,  acne  on  face, 
forehead,  and  shoulders  ;  foetid,  bromine  breath  j  slow  and  feeble  action 
of  heart  ;  breathlessness  and  quickened  pulse  on  slight  exertion  j  cool 
hands  and  feet;  general  subjective  sense  of  coldness  ;  movements  in 
walking  tremulous  and  uncertain;  diminution  of  tactile  sensibility  of 
mucous  and  cutaneous  surfaces  j  fauces  dry,  and  their  reflex  actions 
sluggish  ;  swallowing  somewhat  difficult ;  anaphrodisia  and  complete 
relaxation  of  genitals  ;  mind  weak,  manifested  in  silly  conduct  and 
unmeaning  laughter.      (Bartholow,  op,  at.) 

6.  There  are  five  principal  forms  of  eruption.  The  first  of  these  is 
acneiform.  It  commences  by  pustules ;  appearing  by  preference  about 
shoulders,  forehead,  and  nose  ;  first  of  pin-head  size,  each  surrounded  by 
a  red  areola,  later  enlarging  and  acquiring  an  indurated  base.  In  thif 
condition  it  may  persist  for  weeks.  Afterwards  pus  is  discharged,  but  a 
small  reddish  nodule  remains  for  some  time.  The  second  form  appears 
on  the  lower  extremities,  rarely  elsewhere.  It  consists  of  rounded  or 
elongated  elevations,  2  to  5  cm.  in  diameter^  of  rosy  colour,  sometimes 
yellowish,  as  if  due  to  pus  beneath  the  epidermis.  The  surface  is 
roughened  by  minute  agminated  pustules.  In  the  rounded  patches  the 
centre  is  depressed.  It  is  rare  for  the  same  patient  to  have  more  than 
two  or  three  of  these  at  a  time.  The  elevations  are  painful  and  senst- 
live  to  touch,  except  the  depressed  centre,  which  is  anfesthetic.  Later 
a  creamy  fluid  is  discharged  which  forms  a  thick  crust.  They  some- 
times ulcerate,  and  may  co-exist  with  the  form  first  described.  The 
third  form  resembles  erj'thema  nodosum,  and  affects  skin  of  trunk  and 
extremities,  but  spares  the  face.  The  appearance  of  the  eruption  IS 
preceded  by  pruritus  and  pain  in  the  afi^ected  limbs,  which  may  become 
oedematous.  The  fourth  form  is  furuncular,  and  the  fifth  eczematoua 
in  character.      (Voisin,  Gi7z.  dts  Hopitaux^  1868,  p.  6o;j.) 

7.  There  appear  in  certain  individuals,  according  to  their  specific 
disposition,  independently  of  sex  and  previous  condition  of  healthy  at 
different  periods  during  the  administration  of  this  drug,  and  under  th€ 
widest  variation  as  regards  dose,  various  affections  of  the  skin,  such  as  : 


KALI  BROMATUM.  613 

(i)  The  erythematous  form. — This  was  observed  by  Veiel  as 
the  sole  symptom  produced  by  the  drug,  attended  with  fever,  and 
diffusely  spread  over  the  lower  extremities.  The  erythema  caused  the 
patient  great  pain.  Brown  also  describes  this  eruption  as  an  effect 
of  bromide  of  potassium.  In  children  he  witnessed  the  occurrence  of 
roseola  under  the  same  circumstances. 

(2)  Acne. — This  is  by  far  the  most  frequent  form  of  bromide  of 
potassium  eruption.  According  to  Veiel  a  thickened  skin,  having  a 
greasy  look  from  the  free  secretion  of  sebaceous  matter,  as  well  as  the 
presence  of  comedones  or  a  pre-existing  acne,  especially  predispose  to 
the  occurrence  of  this  eruption.  It  appears  under  different  modifications 
which,  as  regards  their  seat  and  their  external  behaviour,  present  a 
complete  analogy  to  ordinary  acne.  The  first  step  in  its  formation  is 
usually  an  erythematous  condition  of  the  skin  of  varying  extent  attended 
with  pricking  and  burning.  In  this  disease,  also,  it  is  advantageous  to 
distinguish  two  varieties,  acne  punctata  and  acne  pustulosa. 

a.  Acne  punctata. — This  usually  precedes  the  pustular  form. 
There  appear  red  elevations,  of  barley-corn  to  pea  size,  on  a  more  or 
less  indurated  base  surrounded  by  an  areola,  seated  by  preference  on  the 
face,  the  eyebrows,  the  hairy  scalp,  more  rarely  on  the  breast  and  back, 
and  almost  never  on  the  lower  extremities.  Veiel  found  that  the 
majority  of  the  nodules  were  perforated  by  hairs.  After  a  longer  or 
shorter  duration  this  form  may  disappear  with  desijuamation  or  develop 
into: 

b.  Acne  pustulosa. — This  may  be  regarded  either  as  the  result  of 
disintegration  of  the  papules  or  as  an  independent  form  of  eruption. 
The  pustules  are  at  first  of  pin-head  size,  of  a  yellowish -white  colour^ 
and  surrounded  by  an  areola.  They  afterwards  increase  in  size,  and  in 
rare  cases,  according  to  Voisin,  may  present  the  aspect  of  ecthyma 
pustules.  After  a  few  days  or  weeks  the  pustule  empties  out  its  contents 
and  a  firm  nodule  or  a  red  spot  remains  behind.  The  number  of  the 
pustules  varies  greatly,  the  whole  face  being  sometimes  covered  and 
disfigured  by  them.  They  may  remain  for  days  or  one  or  more  months, 
and,  if  the  use  of  the  drug  be  not  stopped,  even  several  years  ;  but  they 
usually  disappear  in  from  one  to  three  weeks  after  the  discontinuance 
of  the  bromide.  Voisin  also  noticed  that  the  number  of  the  pus- 
tules increased  or  diminished  with  the  increase  or  diminution  of  the 
dose.  After  healing  they  often  leave  depressed,  irregularly-rounded 
scars  or  spots  behind.  They  form  on  the  same  locations  as  the  nodules 
previously  described,  and  become  confluent  in  some  cases,  being  usually 
covered  with  scabs  on  the  scalp.  Veiel  sought  in  vain  for  bromine  in 
the  contents  of  the  acne  pustules,  but  could  find  it  only  in  the  urine. 
Guttmann,  in  the  case  of  a  man  who,  after  using  for  t  year  at  first  4 
grms.  (5J)  later  12  grms.  (jiijj  of  the  bromide  of  potassium  daily, 
developed  a  pustular  acne,  succeeded  in  demonstrating  the  presence  of 
bromine  in  the  pustules  by  the  usual  method,  viz.  separating  the 
bromine  from  the  potassium  by  the  addition  of  chlorine  water  to  the 
diluted  and  filtered  pus  and  extracting  the  bromine  by  chloroform. 

(3)  The  urticaria-like  form  was  observed  a  few  times  by  Veiel. 
Wheal-like  elevations,  varying  in  size  from  \  to  ^  an  inch,  showed 


6i4 


KALI  BROMATUM. 


themselves  in  erythematous  portions  of  skin.     They  were  exceedingly 
sensitive  to  touch  and  gradually  assumed   a  wart-like  appearance  and 
took  on  suppurative  action.     The  ulcers  thus  formed  became  deeper, 
and  had  an  unhealthy   aspect,  but  disappeared  as  soon  as  the  bromide 
was  discontinued.      This  form  is  without  doubt   identical   with  the 
tumour-like  variety  described  by  Voisin^  which  consists,  according  to 
his  description,  in   the  appearance   of  oblong  or  rounded  tumours  of 
elevations   of  the   skin  with   hard   bases,  2   to  5  centimetres  (i^to2 
inches)  in  diameter,  and  of  a  rosy-red  or  cherry  colour.  They  show  them- 
selves only  on  the  legs  or  calves  and  are  covered  with  small  yellowish 
prominences,  which,  on  careful  examination,  are  seen  to  be  agminatcd 
acne-like  pustules,  which  empty  their  cuntents  in  the  form  of  a  creamy 
mass,  either  spontaneously  or  when  punctured.     They  arc  very  painful 
when  touched,  and  may  be  transformed,  if  the  use  of  the  drug  is  con- 
tinued, into  foul  atonic  ulcers,  which  last  three  or  tour  months  ;  but  if 
the  agent  is  stopped   disappear   in  a  few  d.     Neumann  observxd  the 
same  affection.     He  proved  that   these  tumours  arc  produced    by  an 
inflammation  of  the   glands  of  the  skin,  attended  with  an  increase  of 
their  cellular  elements  and  consecutive  cell-growth   in  the  cutis,  with 
enlargement  of  the  papillae.     During  this   process  the  hair-foUtcles  arc 
dilated,  and  appear  either  as  long  tubes  or  globular  bodies,  containing 
pus,  epithelial  cells,  and  masses  of  smegma. 

(4)  Erythema  nodosum.^ — In  2  cases  out  of  96,  treated  for  a  long 
time  with  bmmide  of  potassium,  Voisin  witnessed  the  appearance  on 
the  arms  and  legs,  as  well  as  on  the  body,  of  patches  slightly  elevated 
above  the  skin,  of  different  forms,  sometimes  having  smooth  and  some- 
times irregular  edges.  They  attained  a  size  of  4  millimetres  to  6  centi* 
metres  (^  to  2i  inches),  were  of  a  pale  red  colour  in  the  centre  and 
cherry- red  in  the  periphery.  They  formed  and  disappeared  very  quickly 
and  presented  the  shape,  colour,  and  hard  base  of  erythema  nodosum^ 
but  resembled  urticaria  in  reappearing  when  rubbed.  V  eiel  states  that  he 
has  seen  such  an  erythema  nodosum  a  few  times,  but  only  on  the  lower 
extremities*  After  large  doses  of  bromide  of  potassium,  Smith  also  saw 
patches  of  the  size  of  a  half-dollar,  somewhat  elevated  above  the  surface 
of  the  skin,  of  a  bluish-red  colour,  seated  upon  both  arms.  They  bled 
readily,  were  indolent,  and  disappeared  soon  after  the  drug  was  discon- 
tinued. 

(5)  The  vesicular  form. — Voisin  saw  in  a  single  case,  that  of  a 
patient  who  had  taken  bromide  of  potassium  for  more  than  a  year,  a 
moist  eczema  on  the  thighs.    This  observation  stands  alone  in  literature, 

(6)  The  furuncular  form, — The  coincidence  of  the  use  of  bromide 
of  potassium  with  the  apj^earance  of  furuncles  has  been  asserted  by  so 
many  authors  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  two  things  may  stand 
in  the  relation  of  cause  and  effect.  Voisin,  Smith  and  Neumann  saw 
furuncles  occur  in  widelv  varying  numbers  on  many  different  parts  of 
the  body.  The  latter  observed  them  on  the  hairy  portions  of  the  facci 
and  on  the  forehead  and  neck.  It  should  be  finally  mentioned  that  Vciel 
witnessed  the  appearance  of  numerous  warts  on  the  face  and  legs  of  a 
boy,  a  short  time  after  beginning  the  use  of  bromide  of  potassium. 

Various  opinions  prevail  as  to  the  manner  in  which   the  above* 


KALI  BROMATUM.  615 

described  changes  in  the  skin  are  produced  after  the  internal  adminis- 
tration of  the  bromine  salts.  Thus  Clarke  and  Amory  regard  bromine- 
acne  as  a  cropho-neurosis,  and  not  as  an  efFect  of  the  eliminated  bromide 
of  potassium,  and  Veiel  also  does  not  believe  that  it  is  due  to  an  irrita- 
tion of  the  sebaceous  glands  produced  by  the  deposition  of  bromine  in 
them,  having  failed  to  find  it  there.  Martin-Damourette  and  Pelvet, 
on  the  other  hand,  believe  the  cause  of  the  affection  to  be  the  irritation 
produced  upon  the  skin  in  consequence  of  the  elimination  of  the  salt 
by  this  channel.  The  demonstration  by  Guttmann  of  bromide  of 
potassium  in  the  contents  of  the  pustules  elevates  into  a  certainty  the 
tf^r/W  already  probable  hypothesis,  that,  under  certain  circumstances, 
an  elimination  of  the  salt  by  the  skin  may  take  place.  In  this  way,  on 
the  one  hand^  an  analogy  is  established  with  the  similar  changes  in  the 
skin  which  are  excited  by  the  salts  of  iodine,  and,  on  the  other,  the 
view  is  supported  that  it  is  the  bromine  in  the  bromide  of  potassium 
which  causes  the  affection,  and  not  the  potassium,  as  has  been  claimed 
by  various  authors.  This  is  rendered  more  probable  by  the  fact  that 
other  bromine  combinations  exert  a  similar  influence.  Thus  Gowers 
showed  that  similar  eruptions  appear  after  the  use  of  bromide  of  ammo- 
nium, and  Stark  saw  acne  occur  in  75  p'er  cent,  of  all  cases  of  epilepsy 
treated  with  bromide  of  sodium,  which  lasted  longer  than  that  produced 
by  bromide  of  potassium,  and  resulted  much  more  frequently  in  sup- 
puration. He  never  found  affections  of  the  skin  after  a  similar  ad* 
ministration  of  chlorate  of  potassium.     (Lewin,  op,  cit,) 

8.  All  the  above-mentioned  changes  in  brain  and  spinal  cord,  circu- 
lation, generative  organs,  and  skin,  are  also  seen  as  the  result  of  chronic 
poisoning.  In  the  latter  case,  however,  we  have  also  bronchial 
catarrh,  with  dyspnoea  and  attacks  of  coughing  resembling  those  of 
whooping-cough,*  disturbances  of  nutrition  (want  of  appetite,  great 
thirst,  and  diarrhoea),  anaemia,  and  wasting.  Death  may  set  in  through 
the  development  of  a  pneumonic  process  in  the  lungs,  or  of  an  intes- 
tinal catarrh  with  typhoid  or  choleriform  symptoms.  (Nothnagel 
and  RossBACH^  op,  cit.) 

9.  From  the  experiments  of  Bill  and  Rabuteau  it  appears  that 
tissue  change  is  retarded  under  the  influence  of  bromides.  The 
ibrmer  especially  noted  that  the  carbonic  acid  eliminated  was  decidedly 
less  than  normal,  and  this  independently  of  diminished  nerve-power  y 
and  not  proportionately  to  the  dose,  as  it  is  with  morphia  and  its 
congeners.  For  some  time  after  ceasing  the  medicine  the  excretion  of 
the  gas  was  increased,  implying  that,  for  a  time,  ^'  the  way  through  the 
lungs  was  barred.^'  Rabuteau  found  that  whilst  his  average  daily 
excretion  of  urea  was  21*25  grms.,  the  mean  amount  passed  whilst  he 
took  a  daily  dose  of  15  gr.  of  K.  br.  was  only  19*52  grms.  j  for  a  fort- 
night after  omitting  drug  it  remained  at  20  grms.  ;  in  third  week 
resumed  its  normal  proportion  ;  and  in  fourth  week  exceeded  this. 
(Phillips,  op.  cit,) 

10.  Dr.  Hammond  relates  a  series  of  cases  in  which  the  use  of  K.  br. 
has  seemed  to  bring  on  mania,  or  melancholia  with  delusions.      [As  all 

•  *•  In  a  few  patients  Voisin  observed  dyspnoea  and  an  irritating  croupy  cough  " 
(BOEHM,  he.  cH.}. 


6i6 


KALI  BROMATUM. 


ihese  patients  had  disease  of  the  nervous  centres,  their  symptoms  are 
insufficiently  pure  to  be  reported  in  detail  j  but  the  observation  must 
be  noted  as  suggesting  further  inquiry .^ — Eos.]  (DIs,  of  Mtruous 
System^  1 88 1,  appendix.) 

III.  Expertmenti  on  animals, — i.  a.  In  1867  Drs.  Eulenberg  and 
Gutmann  performed  a  series  of  experiments  on  rabbits  and  frogs,  by 
injecting  a  solution  under  the  skin;  from  which  they  concluded  that 
K.  br.  exercises  a  powerfully  sedative  action  directly  upon  the  heart, 
and  also  upon  the  cerebro-spinal  centres  which  control  sensibility  and 
motility. 

h.  Soon  afterwards  a  still  more  complete  investigation  of  the  subject 
was  made  by  MM.  Martin-Damourette  and  Pelvet.  They  made  use 
of  rabbits,  birds,  and  frogs  in  their  experiments,  and  found  the  effects 
of  the  medicine  identical  in  all,  so  far  as  their  nature  was  concerned, 
but  most  easily  studied  in  cold-blooded  animals.  When  administered 
hypodermically  to  frogs,  doses  of  gr.  j^^^  to  ^  produce  a  remarkably 
placid  and  slumberous  condition, slowing  hearths  action  and  contracting 
capillaries;  and  doses  of  gr.  i  to  i  may  cause  death.  In  the  latter 
case  there  is  sometimes  a  transient  muscular  quivering,  soon  followed 
by  impaired  sensibility  and  muscular  power,  which  is  first  manifested 
near  point  of  introduction.  Paralysis  of  motion  precedes  that  of  sen- 
sation. The  nerve  supplying  a  limb  does  not  lose  its  excitability  until 
after  extinction  of  that  function  in  the  skin,  nor  does  that  part  of  the 
spinal  marrow  answering  to  the  nerve  lose  this  function  so  soon  as  the 
nerve  itself.  Voluntary  motion  appears  to  be  abolished  subsequently, 
and  the  respiratory  movements  at  a  still  later  period.  One  of  the  first 
effects  is  a  diminution  of  the  capillary  circulation.  The  rate  of  move- 
ment of  the  blood  through  the  vessels  is  first  diminished,  and  then  the 
skin  grows  pale  ;  the  action  of  the  heart  becomes  more  languid,  but 
continues  with  a  steady  diminution  until  death,  and  indeed  may  survive 
the  other  vital  phenomena  for  several  hours.     (Stillb,  ^p.  cit,) 

2.  The  evidence  is,  I  think,  sufficient  to  prove  that  K.  br.  affects 
all  parts  of  the  nervous  system  of  the  lower  animals ;  but  that  the 
cerebrum,  the  motor  tract  of  the  cord,  and  the  aiFerent  nerves  are  the 
last  portions  to  he  affected  \  that  the  most  sensitive  to  its  action  is 
the  receptive  portion  of  the  cord, — that  which  receives  and  transmits 
reflex  impulses, — and  next  to  this,  and  perhaps  almost  equally  suscep- 
tible with  it,  are  the  peripheral  ends  of  the  afferent  nerves.  (H.  C. 
Wood,  ttp.  cit,) 

3.  K*  br.,  when  given  for  several  weeks  together,  according  to 
Albertoni  greatly  diminishes  the  excitability  of  the  motor  centres,  so 
that  when  dogs  are  thoroughly  under  its  influence  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  produce  epileptic  convulsions  by  irritation  of  the  cortical 
substance.     (Brunton,  ^p,  cit*) 

4.  Damourette  and  Saison,  as  well  as  Meuriot,  Hammond,  and 
Amory,  have  witnessed  narrowing  of  vessels  in  the  web,  the  tongue,  or 
the  brain  of  frogs  and  dogs  ;  but  others  have  failed  to  see  this,  and  Dn 
H  C*  Wood  considers  the  evidence  insufficient  j  neither  does  the 
observation  that  divided  capillaries  of  a  bromised  frog  bleed  less  than 
normal    ones   seem  free  from  criticism,  for  he  suggests  that  lowered 


KALI  BROMATUM.  617 

heart's  action  would  account  for  lessened  bleeding.  But,  these  obser- 
vations apart,  I  think  that  the  surface  pallor  that  follows  the  use  of 
bromides,  and  the  lessening  of  secretion  and  discharge,  points  strongly 
in  the  same  direction  (narrowing  of  vessels).     (Phillips,  op,  cit,) 

4.  Forty  gr.,  in  \  oz.  water,  injected  into  jugular  of  strong  grey- 
hound. Had  tetanic  spasm,  with  tumultuous  and  irregular  action  of 
heart,  and  discharge  of  urine  and  faeces ;  20  m.  after  appeared  well. 
Eighty  gr.  were  then  injected.  Sudden  cessation  of  motion  of  heart 
and  of  respiration^  along  with  opisthotonos,  lasting  i^  m.,  with  loss  of 
urine.  After  this,  drew  two  deep  inspirations ;  universal  trembling  of 
muscles  for  3  m.,  and  then  cessation  of  every  sign  of  life.  Chest  was 
immediately  opened  ;  voluntary  muscles  contracted  on  being  cut ;  lungs 
collapsed  on  opening  chest ;  heart  was  without  motion ;  had  lost  its 
irritabilitv  in  less  than  2  m.  after  death.  Heart  was  gorged  with  clotted 
blood,  red  in  1.  ventricle,  dark  coloured  in  r.  Lungs  appeared  healthy  \ 
tips  of  rugae  of  stomach  were  somewhat  redder  than  natural.  (Glover, 
lo€.  cit,) 

5.  Sixty  gr.  in  \  oz.  water  injected  into  jugular  of  French  poodle. 
Symptoms  were  stertorous  breathing,  escape  of  urine  and  fxces,  tumul- 
tuous and  irregular  action  of  heart,  which  suddenly  ceased,  frothing  at 
mouth,  cries,  dilated  pupil  \  death  before  animal  could  be  untied,  in 
about  2  m.  after  injection.  On  being  cut,  voluntary  muscles  contracted 
strongly ;  5  m.  after  death  heart  had  lost  irritability,  and  was  gorged 
with  fluid  blood,  red  in  1.  ventricle.     Lungs  healthy.     {Ibid,) 

6.  Twenty  gr.  in  5iss  water  into  jugular  of  bitch.  Death  in  40 
or  50  seconds.  Symptoms:  sudden  stoppage  of  hearty  preceded  by 
stertorous  respirations,  escape  of  urine  and  faeces,  and  dilated  pupil. 
Heart  had  lost  irritability,  and  was  gorged  with  blood,  fluid  in  r.  ven- 
tricle, red  and  coagulated  in  1.     {Ibid,) 

7.  Haemadynamometer  was  connected  with  femoral  artery  of  terrier  ; 
60  gr.  in  \  oz.  water  injected  into  carotid  in  direction  of  heart.  Pre- 
viously to  this,  mercury  was  raised  2  inches  and  8  lines.  As  solution  was 
introduced,  pressure  in  instrument  was  augmented  till  mercury  had 
risen  5  inches.  This  elevation  was  only  for  i  m.,  during  which  oscil- 
lations were  also  greater,  owing  perhaps  to  struggles  and  hard  breathing. 
After  1  m.  mercury  suddenly  fell  below  former  level,  and  continued  to 
fiill,  until  in  about  2  m.  and  20  seconds  all  pressure  in  arterial  system 
seemed  removed  ;  death  in  2^  m.  after  injection.  Animal  voided  urine 
and  faeces  during  experiment,  and  seemed  spasmodically  agitated. 
Appearances  much  the  same,  on  inspecting  chest,  as  in  experiments 
where  injection  was  made  in  jugular.     Brain  healthy.     (Ibid,) 

8.  Forty  gr.  in  5iij  of  water  injected  into  femond  artery  of  terrier- 
bitch  in  direction  of  circulation.  Spasmodic  extension  of  limb  was 
followed  by  spasmodic  action  of  muscles  of  chest,  and  by  extension  of 
other  limt»,  with  excited  heart  and  dilated  pupil.  This  lasted  5  m. 
and  then  subsided.     {Ibid.) 

9.  A  hundred  gr.  in  5iij  water  into  stomach  of  rabbit.  5  m.  after 
fell  flat  on  belly.  Loss  of  power  over  hind  legs  ;  made  ineffectual  eflbrts 
to  crawl.  Breathing  became  quicker,  embarrassed^  and  abdominal. 
Heart  irregular  and  feeble.     This  lasted  \  h.,  during  which  faeces  twice 


6i8 


NAl  RUM  BROMATUM, 


escaped,  and  iris  seemed  paralysed.  Eyelids  winked  j  a  stroke  appeared 
to  excite  convulsive  strikings-out  of  the  limbs*  Towards  dose  of  ^  h. 
seemed  greatly  agitated,  recovered  for  short  time  use  of  limbs.  Head 
was  moved  forwards  ^nd  backwards  with  great  velocity,  body  beni  in 
crouchiijg  torm  while  on  his  legs,  Had  then  cmprosihotonoa  and 
opisthotonos.  At  length  fell  on  his  side,  and  had  rapid  movements  of 
forelegs  for  i  m.  and  died  after  few  deep  inspirations.  Muscles  con- 
tracted feebly  on  being  cut*  Auricles  contracted  tcebly  ;  ventricles  did 
not  respond  to  stimulus  of  knife  a  m,  after  death.  Peristaltic  action 
continued*  Lungs  greatly  congested  toward  dependent  part,  and  coa- 
taiiicd  much  frothy  scrum.  Pericardium  contained  serum  ;  blood 
dark  coloured  and  fluid  in  both  heart^cavities.  Stomach  contracted 
towards  pylorus,  loose  at  cardiac  extremity.  On  washing  stomach, 
epithelium  came  off*  Mucous  membrane  over  cardiac  portion  was 
softened,  grey,  but  dotted  with  numerous  purple  ecchymoses.  Beneath, 
muscular  tunic  greatly  congested*  Large  bloody  patch  where  oeso- 
phagus enters  stomach,  another  at  lower  portion  of  cardiac  sac*  Upper 
part  of  small  intestines  exhibited  appearances  approaching  those  of 
stomach.  Lower  part  of  liver  darker  coloured  than  natural.  Mem* 
branes  of  spinal  cord  showed  marL*  of  congestion,  and  there  was  some 
effusion  of  serum  into  ventricles  of  brain.  Bladder  full.  Brom.  in 
blood,  liver,  and  urine,     {Ibid,) 

Natrum  bromatum,  bromide  of  sodium,  Na  Br. 

L  Pravirtgs.  i.  During  course  of  an  c.  1  took  25  gr.  on  an  empty 
stomach,  in  two  doses  of  10  and  one  of  5  gr.,  at  i  h.  intervals.  The 
efl'ect  on  pulse  and  temperature  was  negative  ;  upon  retiring  to  rest  as 
usual,  I  experienced  a  somewhat  pleasant  drowsy  sensation  and  slept 
remarkably  well,  though  1  awoke  several  times  during  the  n.,  as  is 
customary  with  me.  Towards  m.,  however,  I  felt  a  numbness  and 
tingling  in  both  forearms  and  in  my  1.  leg,  which  did  not  entirely  dis- 
appear for  some  h.  subsequently.  I  ought  to  state  that  shortly  after 
each  dose  1  experienced  a  burning  sensation  at  the  epigastrium,  which 
quickly  passed  off,     (HoLUS,  Pract,  xi,  81.) 

2.  Laborde  took  16  grms.,  and  experienced  thirst,  salivation,  great 
wish  to  sleep,  stupor  on  waking,  melancholy,  vertigo — ground  under  his 
feet  seemed  to  move,  ataxia,  slow  pulse,  loss  of  power  of  will,  and  insen- 
sibility of  throat.  (J,  fh  Z.,  Ixxxvii,  46, — Referred  to  ^irch.  de  Pk^ihl, 
for  i8b9,  but  not  to  be  found  there.) 

II.  ExperimtMis  Oft  attimali, — 1.   Harmailynjinouuttr  n^^  LoniiLLtuit  ^vitn  : 
_  tcryol  cockcr.dog  ■   50  ^j.  hromidc  at  jiodiam,  m  jij  witcr,  into  jugular*     Ml 
''frhosc  highest  mark  na»  jj  in,,  Icll  directly  to  level,  and  ruiuiricti  there  60  &ccoi 
oiscillatiom  distinguishable,     in  i  miu.  after  injection,  column  began  to  rise,  an  1 
regained   former   level,  osi'ilJatioiis  less  frequent,  but  stronger   than    before  opciuM-.m. 
4  min.  after  operation,  lieait  seemed  restored*   he  was  set  louse.     Had   lost  power  of 
moving   limbs,  but  retained   come iousn ess,     Puptl  dilated,     HcartS  action  became 
synchronous  with  respiration^  being  54  in  niinntc.     One  h.  after  operation  was  in  »amc 
state,  but  gradually  recovered,     (GtovtR,  /or.  cii.) 

2.  A  hundred  gr.^  injiij  water,  were  thrown  Intojugulaj'  of  terrier  bitch  (largt  and 
strougj.  Only  symptom  wa§^  much  quickened  and  excited  heart.  Animal  *m  being 
act  loose  seemed  Hvely  and  excited,     \lbid,)* 

•  For  other  bromides  seethe  substances  with  which  the  B.  i»  compouniled, — Kos, 


BRYONIA.  619 

BRYONIA. 

Including  B,  alba^  L,,  white  bryony  ;  and  B,  Moica,     Nat.  Ord.,  Cucurbitacea, 

1.  Provings. — T.  Hahnemann,  Mat,  Med,  P«r<7,  vol.  ii  of  original, 
vol.  i  of  translation.  Contains  781  symptoms  from  self  and  six  fellow- 
pro  vers. 

2.  a.  Dr.  ARNETH,Sept.  i8th,  1844,  ^^ok  fasting  in  m.  20  dr.  tinct. 
of  B.  alba.  Soon  after,  bitter  taste  and  eructation,  dull  headache  in 
frontal  and  temporal  regions,  and  after  about  10  m.  peculiar  shivery 
feeling.  On  20th,  30  dr.  Bitter  eructations  lasting  about  10  m. 
During  last  3  d.  stools  appeared  to  be  softer  than  usual.  At  intervals 
during  30  h.  somewhat  severe  bruised  feeling  extending  from  false  ribs 
on  1.  side  to  umbilicus.  On  23rd  40  dr.  y  no  symptoms.  On  a7th, 
listing,  50  dr.  Eructations  tasting  of  B.  lasting  about  ^  h.  Imme- 
diately afterwards  headache  on  well-defined  spot  of  supra-orbital  region 
lasting  10  m.  On  29th  50  dr.;  no  symptoms.  On  Oct.  ist,  fasting, 
70  dr. ;  notwithstanding  careful  observation,  did  not  notice  any 
morbid  symptoms  till  3  or  4  p.m.  Towards  this  time,  after  moving  about 
not  more  than  usual,  severe  pressive  pain  in  forehead,  especially  in 
supra-orbital  regions,  pain  being  more  severe  than  he  had  ever  felt. 
During  n.  (from  Oct.  5th  to  6th)  was  very  restless,  sleeping  barely  \ 
h.  at  a  time,  and  during  disturbed  sleep  was  busy  with  what  he  had 
been  reading  the  previous  e.  Each  time  he  awoke  felt  dull  pressure  in 
umbilical  region,  but  soon  relapsed  into  a  doze,  during  which  his  pre- 
vious dreams  recurred ;  and  this  experience  was  constantly  repeated 
until  he  awoke  on  m.  of  6th,  with  violent  urging  to  stool.  Motion 
was  sudden,  partly  fluid  and  partly  solid.  In  course  of  d.  had  3  or  4 
similar  motions  ;  but  tongue  was  clean,  taste  natural,  and  appetite  good. 
Throughout,  however,  felt  somewhat  prostrated.  On  7th  was  well, 
except  for  tendency  to  diarrhcea,  especially  induced  by  exposure  to  a 
draught)  also  pressive  pain  in  forehead  brought  on  each  time  after  pro- 
longed reading.  On  8th  occasionally  itching  (lasting  several  seconds) 
of  joint  of  1st  and  2nd  phalanges  of  fingers  of  1.  hand  ;  this  without  any 
discoverable  cause.  The  great  tendency  to  frontal  headache  continued. 
On  9th,  57  dr.,  no  symptoms. 

b.  On  Oct.  20th,  in  m.,  100  dr.  of  tinct.  The  same  d.,  but  espe- 
cially on  21st,  had  feeling  as  if  bladder  was  not  quite  emptied,  and  after 
urinating  there  remained  a  feeling  of  heaviness  in  region  of  bladder  and 
also  cramp-like  movements  of  that  viscus.  On  22nd,  after  writing  for 
some  time,  noticed  that  3rd  finger  of  r.  hand  almost  lost  power ;  he 
therefore  rested  for  a  while.  On  returning  to  his  writing-table,  how- 
ever, after  a  certain  time  the  powerless  feeling  was  even  more  marked. 
On  23rd,  this  finger  was  considerably  swollen  and  painful  on  pressure 
and  still  more  on  movement ;  joints  of  ist  and  2nd  phalanx  were  most 
affected.  On  24th,  5th  finger  of  same  hand  was  similarly  attacked, 
though  not  so  severely.  At  2  p.m.  A.  took  210  dr.  of  tinct.  The 
feeling  of  nausea  lasted  only  a  short  time.  Much  less  oppression  of 
bead  than  after  earlier  doses.     On  23th,  220  dr.  in  m.     No  sym- 


6ao 


BRYONIA, 


ptoms  except  slight  heaviness  of  head.      [Dr.    Arneth   suG 
proved  the  203rd  dilution,  and  had  an  inflammation  of  the  extee 
which,  being  a  unique  occurrence,  we    are    unable   to  ascribej 
drug. — Et)^J 

3.  Dr.GuBATTA  began  his  proving  of  B,  alba  May  r8th,  184 
10  dr,  of  tinct.     On  19th  took  15  dr.      On  20th,  20  dr   Trout 
constipation  and  slight  headache.     On  2i8t^  25  dr.      (  itio 
tinucs.     On  22nd,  30  dr.     Violent  urging  to  stool,  t              :  by] 
hard  motion.     On  23rd^  at  6.30  a.m.,  anguish   in  region  of  hea 
Vk^ithout  affecting  its  action  ;  uneasy  feeling  and  constriction  of 
short  oppressed  breathing, — these  symptoms  lasting  till  midday, 
— Without  medicine  j  no  symptoms.  25th. — Constipation,  <*rcat  < 
sion  of  heart.     On  27th  took  50  dr.^  and  repeated  this  dose  Ma/I 
30th,  and  31st,  and  June  2nd,  3rd,  4.th,  5th,  and  6th,     iVIay  ij 
The  bowels  have  not  acted  for  5  d.     28th. — Soon  after  taking  roe 
gurgling   and    rumbling    in  bowels,  severe  griping,    followed   hi 
watery  evacuations  at  short   inter\'als.     30th. — Abdomen    feels 
drawn  in.     At  intervals  gurgling  and  griping,  with    fruitless  urg 
stool.     Jist.^ — ^Frequent  urging  to  stool,  without   result  j   great  pij 
tion,  morose  humour  (contrary  to  his  usual  disposition  and  withoa 
cause).     June    ist»— Constipation  ;   mental   state    the    same. 
Rumbling  and  griping  in  bowels,  followed  quickly  by  to  to   12 
evacuations  within  I  h.     3rd, — Griping  with  pressure,  no  stool. 
Griping,  great  prostration  and   feeling  of  fatigue.      5th, — Soon 
taking  medicine  sudden  rigor,  followed  in  \  h.  by  heat  ;  therewith  tii 
feeling  in  all  limbs  ;  distressing  headache  ;  weight   in   head  and     ~ 
ness,  continual  nausea,  so  breathless  that  he  could  scarcely  utter  a 
excited  and  rapid  action  of  heart.     He  was  obliged  to   go  to  bed| 
a.m.,  and  free  perspiration   ensued  after  a  little   while,  during 
above-mentioned  symptoms  gradually  passed  off  in  the  same  ord 
which  they  had  occurred  ;  only  giddiness  persisted   for   a   short 
At  9.30  G.  was  quite  well  again  and  able  to  leave  his  bed.      In 
noon  a  feeling  of  prostration,  followed  by  two  watery  evacuations 
out  urging.     On  6th  recurrence  of  ail  symptoms,  in  the  same  ordc 
lasting  same  time ;    only   the   prostration   and  nausea   more  ma 
After  a  short  rest  on  a  couch  these  symptoms  again  subsided,  lea! 
only  exhaustion  and  mental  depression,  which    lasted   the    whole   «i« 
7th. ^Without  medicine  ;   no  action  of  bowels,  otherwise  well  d 
d.     8th. — Without  medicine  ;   two  watery  evacuations  in   c,      O^ 
and  loth  loud  rumbling  in  bowels  and  constant  urging  to  stool, 
— Two  scanty  hard  motions,  preceded  by  colicky  pain  in   the  bo^,_ 
From  1 2th  to  18th  frequent  rumbling  in  bowels,  colicky  pains,  const 
pation  and  diarrhoea  alternately.     This  irregularity  in  action  of  howi 
continued  some  time  (his  ordinary  habit  being  a  daily  normal  eva 
tion). 

4.  a,  Dr,  William  Huber,  ^et.  38,  of  strong  constitution,) 
guine  temperament ;  had  abdominal  typhus  when  a  youth,  and  s| 
then  has  been  healthy  except  for  occasional   soretbroat  and   diarrli 
He  prepared  from  the  tinct*  of  B,   dioica  ten   decimal  dilutions, 
began  his  experimems  iwvlH  ttvt^  ou  MmcH  i«t.K^  184^*     He  look : 


3^ 


BRYONIA.  621 

the  loth  dil.,  and  rose  gradually,  using  each  attenuation  for  3  d.,  dose 
being  gj  at  7  a.m.  During  proving  he  gave  up  coffee,  but  in  other 
respects  adhered  to  his  ordinary  simple  and  regular  diet. 

He  observes  :  "  In  n.,  March  18th  to  19th,  I  awoke  at  i  with  pain  in 
thighs,  dull  pressive  pain  in  occipital  region  and  goose-skin  ;  fell  asleep 
again  in  ^  h.,  but  was  half-conscious  of  doing  so,  and  struggled  against 
it  as  if  it  were  a  faint.  From  19th  to  26th,  no  symptoms.  In  n.  26th 
to  27th,  waking  occasionally,  with  pressive  drawing  pains  in  back  and 
thighs,  so  that  turning  round  was  diificult.  27th,  in  m.,  slight  action 
of  bowels.  28th. — No  symptoms.  29th,  m.,  J  h.  after  taking  dose  (7th 
attenuation),  great  dryness  of  lips,  back  of  tongue,  and  palate.  At  11 
a.m.  shooting,  tensive  pain  in  ligaments  of  1.  shoulder-joint,  less  felt 
when  at  rest,  but  on  active  movement  hurt  as  if  dislocated.  30th,  m. 
in  bed  (^  h.  after  taking  5j  of  5th  dil.),  beneath  wall  of  r.  hypochon- 
drium  sharp  stitch  passing  towards  epigastrium.  About  12  severe 
twinge  of  pain  in  r.  lumbar  region.  31st. — Soon  after  taking  medicine, 
qualmishness,  felt  especially  on  r.  side,  followed  by  slight  eructation, 
alternating  with  collection  of  saliva  in  mouth.  Painful  stiffness  of 
finger-joints  of  r.  hand,  worse  on  bending.  April  ist  and  2nd. — No 
symptoms  except  this  stiffness.  April  3rd,  m.,  while  in  bed,  tearing  pain 
in  r.  hypochondrium  for  10  m.  passing  off  with  rumbling  in  upper  part 
of  abdomen,  at  same  time  scraping  sensation  (as  of  deranged  stomach). 
In  n.,  April  3rd  to  4th,  frequent  confused  dreams  of  fighting.  4th, 
m.,  tardy  stool  (rather  unusual  for  him)  ;  throughout  d.  painful  stiffness 
of  r.  hand,  especially  on  movement ;  painful  pressure  over  a  space  (of 
the  breadth  of  a  hand)  on  r.  mammary  region,  most  felt  on  expiration  ; 
at  same  time  dull,  pressive  pain  in  r.  femoral  region.  From  April  5th 
to  13th,  no  symptoms.  14th,  m.,  h  h.  after  taking  medicine,  scraping 
sensation  in  stomach,  tasteless  eructation  and  rumbling  in  upper  part  of 
abdomen.'  April  15th,  m.,  ^  h.  after  taking  medicine  painful  tension 
under  &lse  rifa^  in  r.  hypochondrium,  lasting  about  10  m.,and  felt  espe- 
cially when  taking  deep  breath.  About  noon,  tasteless  eructations. 
April  15th  to  i6th,  awoke  at  4  a.m.  feeling  as  if  he  had  had  the  full 
amount  of  sleep.  When  lying  on  abdomen  feeling  as  of  an  inflated 
bladder  (of  size  of  a  man's  fist)  under  and  pressing  out  abdominal  wall 
in  umbilical  region,  without  pain  or  hardness.  This  feeling  was  less 
marked  in  back.  It  recurred  frequently  during  and  after  proving.  On 
e.  of  16th  and  m.  of  17th,  slight  diarrhcea. 

b.  On  April  17th,  Dr.  H.  began  experiments  with  tinct.,  and  from 
this  date  to  May  i6th  took  901  dr.  On  17th,  at  7  a.m.,  took  6  dr. 
in  a  spoonful  of  water,  and  increased  dose  gradually  up  to  18  dr.  on 
the  20th,  but  without  any  apparent  effects.  On  2]st,  20  dr.  ;  towards 
e.  frequent  tasteless  eructations,  rumbling  in  bowels,  and  discharge  of 
offensive  flatus.  22nd,  in  m.,  20  dr. ;  after  i  h.  painful  twitching  in 
temple  over  the  eye,  recurring  at  frequent  intervals  ;  sharp  stitch  deep 
in  r.  hypochondrium  ;  painful  pressure  and  feeling  of  fulness  in  the 
loins.  About  2  p.m.,  a  somewhat  hard  stool.  24th,  at  7  a.m., 
25  dr. ;  after  4  h.  severe  cutting  or  shooting  pains  in  cardiac  region,  not 
lasting  long  at  a  time,  but  recurring  at  frequent  intervals  ;  .^  h.  after- 
wards, painless  throbbing  (like  a  tendon  or  muscle  twitching)  somewhat 


622 


BRYONIA, 


to  L  of  epigastrium  in  or  immediately  beneath  abdominal  wall  {occ*i- 

IBionally).  About  3  p.m.,  a  hardish  stool  with  tendency  to  eruccacion* 
At  8  p.m.,  several  eructations  without  taste  or  odour.  At  9.30  p.m., 
while  in  bed,  sudden  sickness,  recurring  frequently  j  increased  flow  of 
saliva,  and,  without  any  apparent  cause,  rancid  taste  and  scraping  sensa- 
tion in  stomach.  Soon  afterwards  inward,  dry,  burning  heat  without 
preceding  chill,  dryness  of  tongue,  lips,  and  palate,  thirst,  and  feeling  of 
genera!  prostration^  especially  in  limbs,  pulse  feverishly  quick  and  full, 
skin  harsh  and  dry,  loud  ringing  in  ears.  He  fell  asleep  in  this  state 
and  had  many  troubled  and  confused  dreams  in  which  he  developed 
great  activity  ;  awoke  at  5.30  a»m.,  feeling  quite  well  except  for  aching 
pain  in  loins.  25th,  in  m.,  took  25  dr.  After  i  h.  painful  stiffness  in 
1.  hand  and  forearm  involving  ligaments  and  aponeuroses.  During  n., 
again  many  active  dreams.  In  m.,  while  in  bed,  pain  in  region  of  r. 
kidney,  lasting  only  a  short  time.  26th,  in  m.,  took  25  dr.  After  3  h. 
drawing,  bursting  headache  in  I.  frontal  and  occipital  regions^  which 
,  came  on  whilst  walking,  of  short  duration,  27th,  in  m.,  took  30  dr. 
K  After  I  h.,  beating,  stretching  pain  deep  in  r*  lumbar  region  just  over 
^haunch-bone^  lasting  only  2  or  3  m.,  but  recurring  twice  at  short 
intervals.  Soon  afterwards  pricking  itching  under  r,  upper  eye* 
lid  (as  from  a  hair),  disappearing  on  rubbing.  About  9  a.m.| 
stretching  and  drawing  pain  on  anterior  surface  of  r.  thigh  just 
below  Poupart's  ligament,  subsiding  for  a  few  m*  during  rest  and 
then  recurring.  At  7.30  p.m.,  painful  stiffness  of  middle  joint 
of  r,  middle  hnger,  aggravated  by  bending  and  diminished  by  nib* 
bing.  On  28th,  about  6.30  a.m.,  sharp,  momentary  stitch  in  r.  hypo* 
chondrium,  immediately  thereafter  similar  sensation  in  epigastrium. 
After  15  m.  painful  drawing  and  stretching  in  1.  frontal  region  over 
eyebrows  as  of  band  tied  round  forehead.  Took  35  dr.  After  3  h. 
eructations,  gurgling  in  1,  side  near  stomach  ;  momentary  stitch  in  r. 
hypochondrium  with  painful  tenderness,  especially  on  firm  pressure  or 
deep  inspiration.  29th,  40  dr.  After  \  h.  scraping  sensation  in 
stomach  with  tendency  to  eructation,  nausea,  vertigo,  frequent  yawning 
during  2  h.  30th,  40  dr.  Same  symptoms.  MLay  1st,  40  dr.  In 
afternoon  severe  pricking  (as  if  with  needles)  on  under  surface  of  third 
and  fourth  toes  of  r,  foot  i  on  waking  during  n.,  when  he  was  feverish^ 
pulse  much  quickened,  hearing  very  sensitive  j  could  not  sleep  well 
again.  2nd,  45  dr.  Nausea,  inclination  to  vomiting,  constant  eructa* 
tion,  confusion  of  head  the  whole  forenoon,  aggravated  at  times,  and 
accompanied  with  chilly  feeling  in  back  ;  at  same  time  throat  felt  as  if 
compressed  by  broad  band  round  it  ;  frequent  yawning.  After  dinner 
tasteless  eructations,  vertigo,  and  confusion  of  head,  slight  dra\^Hng 
pain  in  I.  frontal  region.  About  3  p.m.  gurgling  in  abdomen,  followed 
by  moderate  pappy  stool  and  considerable  discharge  of  odourless  Hatus« 
Face  pale.  3rd,  50  dr.  (in  m,).  After  1  h.  same  symptoms  as  yester- 
day m,,  only  chills  more  frequent  and  severe.  At  2.30  p.m.,  diar- 
rhoeic  greenish  stool.  7th,  S5  tlr*  Same  symptoms  as  on  m*  of  2nd 
and  3rd;  attacks  of  chills  and  nausea  every  5  to  10  m.  At  3  p.m,, 
stitch-like  prick  of  needle  r.  side  of  neck  just  over  sternal  end  of 
clavicle.     8th,  60  dr.     Immediately  on  taking  dose,  nausea  and  shud- 


I 


BRYONIA.  623 

dering.  After  2  h.  drawing  pain  over  1.  eyebrow,  slight  at  first  but 
gradually  increasing  in  severity,  and  lasting  from  10  to  15  seconds, 
recurring  every  5  or  10  m.,  scraping  sensation  in  stomach  and  rancid 
taste  like  commencing  heartburn,  with  tensive  pain  in  r.  hypochondrium. 
About  i  h.  afterwards  rumbling  in  bowels,  rather  severe  cutting  colicky 
pains  in  1.  side  of  abdomen,  followed  by  discharge  of  flatus,  cramp-like 
pain  in  1.  calf.  About  noon  tensive  pressive  pain  in  r.  lumbar  region 
and  in  both  gluteal  regions.  After  dinner  slight  colic,  followed  by 
great  discharge  of  flatus,  and  later  by  pappy  evacuation.  At  3  p.m., 
drawing  pain  over  r.  eyebrow,  and  i  h.  later  somewhat  severe  stitch  in 
1.  chest  under  mamma,  and  needle- like  stitches  in  scrobiculus  cordis, 
only  on  deep  inspiration  or  bending  body  to  r.  Slept  quietly  during  n. 
In  m.,  on  waking,  slight  pain  in  1. -tonsil  and  feeling  of  fulness  in  loins  ; 
urine  of  a  dark  or  brownish  colour.  9th,  70  dr.  After  J  h.  dryness 
of  cavity  of  mouth  except  point  of  tongue,  scraping  sensation  in  stomach, 
disgust,  nausea  and  vomiting  frequently  recurring,  somewhat  severe 
tensive  pain  on  lower  third  of  r.  forearm,  alternating  with  tensive  pain 
in  1.  knee.  Between  7  and  8  a.m.,  ^  h.  after  getting  up,  dulness  of 
head  ;  nausea ;  fine  stitches  in  scrobiculus  cordis,  worse  when  moving 
about,  and  on  deep  inspiration ;  stitches  in  cardiac  region  lasting  only 
a  few  seconds.  At  8,  tension  and  aching  in  r.  shoulder-joint  while  at 
rest;  painful  drawing  in  whole  forehead  with  dulness  and  confusion 
of  head ;  scraping  irritation  in  bronchial  tubes  inducing  dry  cough, 
afterwards  brownish  pappy  evacuation.  At  9,  rumbling  in  epigastrium 
(1.),  slight  eructation  and  nausea,  tensive  pain  in  I.  hip.  i  h.  after 
dinner  painless  slimy  diarrhoea.  The  angina  tonsillaris  with  which 
he  awoke  in  m.  continued  in  less  degree  all  d.,  and  there  was  also 
a  small  aphthous  erosion  on  mucous  membrane  of  upper  lip.  At 
6  p.m.,  painful  drawing  and  tension  in  r.  forehead  and  posterior 
portion  of  r.  parietal  bone,  lasting  10  to  15  seconds,  and  alternating 
with  similar  pain  on  1.  side  of  head.  8  p.m.,  sensibility  disturbed, 
dulness,  general  prostration,  burning  heat  of  both  feet  as  if  immersed 
in  hot  water  uj)  to  ankles,  painful  stitches  in  heels  and  corns,  stifl^ness 
of  lower  extremities  and  nape  of  neck  ;  pains  (felt  only  when  moving) 
in  different  parts,  as  in  1.  knee,  1.  hip,  and  in  loins  j  at  same  time  fluent 
coryza,  shivering  stretching  of  limbs,  and  frequent  yawning  ;  deafness 
of  1.  ear  as  if  stopped  up ;  pulse  full,  strong,  and  quickened  ;  urine 
somewhat  burning;  in  this  state  H.  went  to  bed,  drank  two  glasses  of 
raspberry  vinegar,  and  lay  till  9,  when  he  was  suddenly  seized  with  shiver- 
ing induced  merely  by  raising  the  bedclothes  when  he  turned  in  bed  ; 
convulsive  twitching  of  muscles  of  back,  chest,  and  abdomen,  and 
shaking  of  limbs.  The  rigor  seemed  to  concentrate  in  chest,  lasted 
about  10  m.,  and  recurred  whenever  body  was  moved.  After  i  h.  this 
was  succeeded  by  dry  heat  extending  over  whole  body ;  hands,  feet, 
and  face  especially  burning,  vascular  system  much  excited,  pulse  over 
100  ;  confusion  of  head,  pressive  pain  in  occiput  and  nape ;  roaring  in  1. 
carj  severe  coryza,  1.  nostril  stopped  up,  flow  of  watery  fluid  from  the 
r. ;  slight  angina  tonsillaris  ;  thirst ;  loss  of  appetite  ;  transient  stitches 
(as  if  in  pleura)  under  1.  mamma;  aching  in  loins;  persistent  erection 
of  penis,  but  without  sexual  desire;  fine  stitch  in  1.  testicle;  drawing 


624 


>NIA. 


paifi   in 


lower   third  of  r-  foremrm*      During    th»  hot 


aileep,  awoke  at  midnight  in   pcoftjse  perspiratioii^  and 
cheerful  as  if  all  his  troubles  haid  been   charmed  a«raj.     The 
diicharge  from  nose  (cold  io  the  bead)   looser,  axid  of  a  whsi 
colour,  smelling  of  newly«t»ked  bread  ;  ptil^  quieter. 
h,  perspiration  was  less,  be  fcD  asleep  again^  had 
awoke  at  6  a,m.  feeling  prostrate ;  pulse  somewhat  qt 
of  head ;  slight  drawing   pain   m    ^rebead,    and    prcssite 
occipital    region  %  skin   sensitive ;  urine  brownish   wnhout 
aphtha  on  inner  sur£ue  of  tip  bkeding ;  shooting  pains 
tensive  pain  extending  from  r,  testicle  along  spermatic 
groin,      loth, — ^Confusion  of  bead  whole  fbrcoooo  ;   lery 
as  of  tinct,,^  but  only  at  point  of  mogue  (circuroscrihed)  ;  in  afi 
frequent  shooting  pains  in  I.  dorsd  region,  bot  especiaUj 
side  of  chest,  and  L  nipple,  aggravated  by    moving   bodr 
hack  I.  arm.     nth. — On  awaking  general  persptratkiQ.     Ui 
a   deep-brown    cloud.      During  day    slight    pressire    achingi 
gluteal  regions.     1 2th,  ro.,  scraping  sensation  at  lower  end  < 
causing  dry  cough,     ijth.^ — H.  took  8o  dr.  of  tinct.  in  m. 
scraping    sensation    in    stomach,   eructation,    grumbling 
feeling  of  nausea  from  stcMonach  with  shuddering,  and  convtibij 
ing   of  abdominal    muscles,   especially    at    epigastrinm.      Ni 
vomiting   the    whole   forenoon    at   intervals   of   lo    or    15  m. 
confused;  gloomy;  tensive  pain  on  anterior  sur6ice  0/  r. 
under  Poupart's  ligament,  slight  pain  in  L  hip,  pressive  achini 
(I.).     All  pains  are  increased  by  mo%emeQt.     About    f  t 
colicky  pain  in  r.  side  of  abdomen  somewhat  tinder  umbslicus,] 
pinching  pains  lasting  some  m^  folkiwed  by  discharge  of 
intervals  of  1  5  m.  these  attacks  recurred  twice,      Aft^r 
painless   diarrhoea    (greenish-brown   flu 
from  r  hypochondrium  towards  stomacr 
or  itching  in  outer  canthusof  L  eye.    About^pLm.  sJs^ 
head  and  occiput,  with  slight  tcmion  in  r.  side  of  nee  ^_ 
and  shooting  or  itching  on  genera!  integument.      14th,  60  dr. 
After  I  h.  scraping  sensation  in  throat  and  stomach  w    ' 
pains  in  L  knee*joint  only  felt  when  moving.     At  9^  tr^ 
pain  over  spot  size  of  crown  on  r*  side  of  chest  (ribs)  j   stiiii 
hand  and  fingers.     At  11*30,  pressive  pain  in  L  occiput^  and 
shooting  pain  in  1.  heel.     Colicky  pain  during  and  after  m^ 
After  dinner  painless  diarrhoea.     At  2  pan.,  itching  of  cdg^  1 
relieved  by  rubbing.     At  3,  tensive  pain  in  first  phalangeal 
index  finger  lasting  some  seconds  (at  rest),  painless  (muscular  Ji 
of  K  abdominal  wall  between  navel  and  false  rths;  aftemraids 
pains  deep  in  L  side  of  back  lasting  5  or  6  m.,  ioUowed  by  sevc 
on  inner  side  of  r,  heel.     15th,  loc  dr.     Alter  i  h,  shaf|^  rmnc 
in  stomach  ;  shooting,  scraping  sensation  as  of  a  tbom  in  the  ] 
7th  cervical  venebra,  only  fdi  when  otovtng.     After  E   h. 
nm^  shivering  feeling  in  back  and  all  over  body  ;  vawning  X 
clination  to  vomiting.     All  symptoons  ajpmvated  by  movi  ~ 
to  go  to  bed.     At  this  time  increased  flow  of  tassckss  sair 


«■ 


BRYONIA.  625 

great  giddiness  and  confusion  of  head,  numb  feeling  in  occiput  with 
sensation  as  if  head  were  enlarged  ;  determination  of  blood  to  head, 
flushing  of  face^  continued  nausea,  frequent  twitching  and  convulsive 
movements  of  abdominal  muscles  on  r.  side,  stuffy  cold  (suddenly)  and 
roaring  in  1.  ear  with  feeling  as  if  it  were  stopped  up  and  hearing  im- 
paired ;  obliged  to  keep  very  quiet,  as  nausea  and  vomiting  occurred  on 
least  attempt  to  move.  At  same  time  scraping  sensation  at  bifurcation 
of  windpipe,  causing  dry  cough.  At  1  o  a.m.,  severe  tensive  and  stretch- 
ing pain  on  1.  side  of  forehead  over  eyebrow,  lasting  some  m.  Before 
dinner  colicky  pinching  pain  at  umbilicus,  followed  by  discharge  of 
flatus.  After  J  h.  diarrhoea  (green,  slimy)  followed  by  noisy  discharge 
of  flatus.  At  3  p.m.,  itching  smarting  in  1.  inner  canthus  and  feeling 
as  of  sand  in  1.  eye.  At  4,  pain  over  spot  (size  of  crown)  on  r.  side  of 
chest  under  axilla,  increased  by  movement ;  frequent  tearing  pain  at 
inner  side  of  left  heel,  lasting  5  or  6  m.  ;  tensive  shooting  pain  deep  in 
r.  lumbar  region.  At  6,  diarrhoea.  16th. — Several  empty  eructations 
and  two  soft  motions  during  d.  17th. — Tensive  pain  in  1.  forehead  ; 
slight  feeh'ng  of  oppression  of  breathing  at  upper  sternal  region,  with 
shooting  pains  in  anterior  wall  of  chest  induced  by  every  movement  and 
lasting  some  m. ;  intense  bitter  taste  (as  of  B.)  on  tongue,  although  no 
medicine  had  been  taken  for  2  d.  During  whole  proving,  which  Tasted 
two  months,  his  disposition  was  more  irritable  than  usual,  any  contra- 
diction easily  exciting  anger.  The  sexual  instinct  was  rather  increased 
than  diminished.     {Ibid,) 

5.  a,  Wenzel  Huber,  surgeon  at  Kleinzell,  in  Austria,  a;t.  43,  of 
strong  constitution,  phlegmatic  temperament,  never  had  any  special 
illness.  As  district  surgeon  in  a  very  hilly  part  of  the  country  is 
obliged  to  walk  great  distances,  exposed  to  all  kinds  of  weather.  His 
diet  is  simple,  and  usual  drink  is  beer.  He  began  proving  with  attenua- 
tions, which  he  prepared  in  proportion  of  10  to  90  dr.,  and  took  as 
a  single  dose  the  entire  quantity  of  each  strength  (100  dr.).  Com- 
mencing with  the  30th  attenuation,  he  gradually  passed  to  the  lower 
potencies.  The  first  days  he  experienced  no  morbid  symptoms.  After 
taking  the  25th  attenuation  he  shivered  while  going  over  a  steep  hill ; 
afterwards  unusual  perspiration  and  fatigue. 

b.  On  25lh  June,  H —  began  experiments  with  tinct.  by  taking  15 
dr.  early  in  the  m.  (fasting).  On  26th,  30  dr.  No  symptoms.  On 
27th,  60  dr.  Soon  after  taking  dose  sickness,  excessive  flow  of  saliva 
(while  smoking).  After  1  h.  confusion  of  head  lasting  2  h.  July  2nd, 
90  dr.  Soon  after  taking  dose  slight  sickness  ;  heaviness  and  confusion 
of  head.  After  i  h.  shuddering  from  neck  along  spine,  lasting  only  a 
short  time.  In  afternoon,  while  driving  in  a  very  shaky  carriage, 
pinching  around  umbilicus  and  towards  spleen  j  stomach  full  and  tender 
on  pressure  ;  frequent  yawning.  These  symptoms  continued  all  d.  In 
e.  repugnance  to  beer.  N.  quiet.  3rd. — Without  medicine.  Early 
soft  stool.  Pain  in  muscles  of  chest  while  writing  \  at  same  time  feeling 
of  constriction  of  chest.  During  whole  d.  raw  feeling  on  inner  surface 
of  sternum.  Fulness  of  stomach  ;  slight  tendency  to  pinching  around 
umbilicus  ;  finger-joints  somewhat  tender  on  active  movement,  feeling 
as  if  articular  surfaces  were  swollen,  preventing  movement ;  pain  from 

40 


6a6 


BRYONIA. 


holding  a  pen  long  or  from  grasping  strongly  5  distaste  for  tobacco  whole 
d.,  and  when  trying  to  smoke  excessive  flow  of  saliva.  Heartburn  after 
drinking  glass  of  wine  in  e.  N.  quiet,  4th,  go  dr.  at  8  a.m.  Soon 
after  nausea  and  shuddering  \  two  copious  motions ;  distaste  for  tobacco 
and  much  saliva  when  smoking.  At  10  a.m.,  slight  pinching  around 
umbilicus  and  from  liver  to  region  of  spleen,  nausea  and  inclination  to 
vomit  ;  raw  feeling  of  upper  portion  of  inner  surface  of  sternum,  fett 
most  when  breathing  deeply  ^  frequent  shivering  when  walking  (though 
a  hot  day)  ;  nausea,  excessive  saliva,  frequent  expectoration  ;  feeling  as 
if  something  were  sticking  in  throat  (like  a  crumb  or  a  worm)  ;  pres- 
sure and  fulness  of  stomach  ;  gastric  region  somewhat  tender  on 
pressure  ;  at  intervals  severe  pinching  around  umbilicus  v  out  of 
humour ;  head  muddled  ;  on  stepping  firmly  stitches  through  head, 
chiefly  from  front  to  back  ;  pressive  pains  in  finger-  and  wrist-joints, 
with  transient  stitches  extending  to  axilla,  also  occasionally  in  knee  and 
other  parts  more  or  less  severely,  movement  being  painful  ;  muscles  of 
chest  tender  on  pressure  and  from  moving  hands  ;  raw  painful  sensa- 
tion over  entire  sternal  region.  The  prover  noted  especiaJly  stiffness  of 
facial  muscles^  which  lasted  more  or  less  for  2  h.  At  11  a.m.,  nauseous 
bitter  taste  after  drink  of  beer,  nausea  and  shuddering,  repugnance  to 
tobacco  (smoking)^  ilUhumour,  headache  in  frontal  and  temporal 
regions,  alternating  with  pressive  pains  in  hand  and  finger-joints,  and 
with  gri pings  in  abdomen.  At  midday  little  appetite,  taste  bitter, 
tongue  white,  great  flow  of  saliva,  necessitating  expectoration.  Soon 
after  food,  soft  stooL  At  1  p.m.,  while  walking,  breathing  quicker  thaji 
usual  and  feeling  of  constriction  in  upper  part  of  chest.  During  a  drive 
of  2  h,  over  rather  rough  road  head  confused,  but  without  distinct  pain. 
The  constriction  of  chest  and  raw  feeling  on  inner  surface  of  sternum 
became  worse,  and  finally  so  severe  that  he  was  obliged  to  get  out  of 
the  carriage  and  rest.  At  same  time  muscles  of  chest  felt  bruised,  cvctf 
movement  of  arm  being  painful.  In  throat,  feeling  as  if  foreign  body 
were  stickingthere,  and  although  there  was  plentiful  secretion  of  saliva, 
entire  throat  seemed  dry,  also  burning  pain  which  arose  from  inner 
surface  of  sternum,  Frequent  yawning  and  sneezing*  Urine  scanty 
and  hot.  At  4  p.m.,  nauseous  bitter  taste  after  drink  of  beer,  nausea 
and  inclination  to  vomiting,  accompanied  by  shuddering*  N.  was 
quiet  J  he  was,  however,  obliged  to  urinate  frequently,  passing  only  a 
little  at  a  time,  and  urine  felt  hot.  Amount  during  n.  was  about  half 
the  quantity  passed  in  a  d.  during  health.  5th. — Without  medicine. 
In  m*  head  somewhat  confused,  taste  insipid,  tongue  white,  appetite 
good,  distaste  for  smoking  ;  pressure,  distension  of  stomach.  After- 
noon, while  heated  from  walking,  shivering  i  hepatic  region  tender  | 
stomach  distended  and  sensitive,  with  feeling  as  if  heartburn  would 
come  on  j  frequent  empty  eructation.  At  2  p.m.,  copious  soft  stool. 
At  3,  heat  in  head,  pressive  aching  in  forehead  lasting  I  h.  Taste 
natural  in  e.  ;  distaste  for  smoking. 

c\  July  30th. — Took  60  dr.  at  9  a.m.  Soon  after  taking  it  shudder- 
ing all  over,  especially  back.  After  1  h.  pain  around  umbilicus  for  a 
short  time  ;  pressive  aching  in  forehead  ;  face  hot  and  perspiration  of 
face  on  slightest  exertion  ;  feeling  of  heat  over  whole  body  i  boring  pain 


BRYONIA.  627 

around  umbilicus,  urging  to  stool,  soft  evacuation.  At  11.30  a.m., 
shivering,  nausea,  great  flow  of  saliva.  31st,  100  dr.  at  9  a.m. 
Immediately  afterwards  shuddering  disgust,  flow  of  saliva,  necessitating 
expectoration.  After  15  m.  slight  cutting  pain  around  umbilicus.  At 
10  a.m.,  shuddering  without  apparent  cause,  pressive  frontal  headache, 
so  severe  that  he  was  unable  to  read  for  ^  h.  At  1 1  a.m.,  shivering 
with  transient  tearing  pain  in  finger-joints  of  1.  hand,  and  boring  pain 
under  umbilicus.  At  noon,  after  usual  beef  soup,  slight  vertigo,  pressive 
headache,  pressure  in  stomach,  eructations,  great  weakness,  and  perspi- 
ration over  whole  body  after  slightest  movement.  At  2  p.m.,  natural 
stool ;  stiffness  and  swelling  of  finger-joints,  which  are  also  painful  on 
being  extended  or  touched  ;  raw  feeling  in  1.  chest,  tension  both  sides 
of  chest,  worse  on  deep  inspiration.  At  3,  feeling  as  of  a  stone  lying  in 
gastric  region,  which  is  painful  on  pressure,  distaste  for  smoking,  pectoral 
muscles  tender  to  touch,  feeling  as  if  beaten,  mind  very  irritable,  dis- 
inclined for  work.  After  three  watery  evacuations  (within  an  h.)  all 
the  symptoms  declined.  Aug.  ist  (early). — Pressive  headache,  stitches 
in  r.  knee  impeding  movement,  feels  stronger,  no  action  of  bowels 
during  d.  (very  unusual).  2nd. — No  special  symptoms,  appetite  good, 
strength  normal.     At  3  p.m.,  stool  (constipated).     (Ikid.) 

6.  a.  Landesmann,  strong  constitution,  sanguine  temperament, 
b^an  provings  June  13th,  1844,  by  taking  at  6  p.m.  8  drops  tinct. ;  on 
14th,  at  4.30  a.m.,  1 5  dr. ;  on  same  day,  at  9  a.m.,  25  dr.  \  and  on  1 5th, 
at  5  a.m.,  40  dr.  From  all  these  doses  there  were  only  slight  though 
(to  patient)  unusual  symptoms,  e.  g.  itching  in  neck,  transient  stitches 
both  sides  of  chest  and  in  eyebrows,  several  attacks  of  dry  cough,  slight 
tensive  pain  (lasting  2  d.)  in  r.  upper  arm  near  insertion  of  deltoid 
muscle.  On  June  18th,  at  9.30  a.m.,  60  dr.  tinct.  ;  after  \  h.  slight 
drawing  pain  in  1.  cheek  lasting  only  a  few  seconds  ;  no  other  symptoms 
during  d.  At  7.30  p.m.,  took  100  dr.  ;  during  n.  awakened  3  times 
by  rather  severe  pinching  pain  in  umbilical  region  lasting  only  few  m., 
recurring  several  times,  and  passing  off  with  discharges  of  flatus,  and 
leaving  only  an  uneasy  feeling  in  abdomen  ;  once  felt  throbbing  in 
rectum.  In  m.  on  getting  up  was  unusually  dull  and  languid.  At 
9  a.m.,  sneezed  6  times  as  if  gettinga  cold.  On  20th,  at  7  a.m.,  some 
drops  of  blood  escaped  from  1.  nostril ;  having  no  discomfort  except 
slight  tenderness  of  abdomen  he  took  180  dr.  tinct.  at  9.30  a.m.  At 
II,  nausea;  at  noon,  no  appetite  ;  ^  h.  after  meal  sudden  vomiting 
without  straining,  slight  bleeding  from  1.  nostril ;  15  m.  later,  hawking, 
and  after  second  interval  of  15  m.,  slight  vomiting.  In  afternoon  very 
excited ;  frequent  pinching  pain  in  different  parts  of  abdomen,  stitches 
here  and  there,  especially  in  r.  eye  and  1.  arm.  21st. — Constipation. 
22nd. — Took  25  dr.  tinct.  ;  nausea  and  inclination  to  vomiting.  From 
June  23rd  to  July  ist,  no  symptoms  except  indefinite  transient  stitches 
in  different  parts  of  body  ;  but  on  July  2nd  awoke  after  restless  n.  with 
severe  dry  cough  and  raw  feeling  in  chest ;  cough  recurred  several 
times  during  d.  accompanied  with  expectoration  of  thin  greenish  mucus, 
cough  less  severe  at  n.,  continued  slightly  till  22nd.  On  7th,  at  i  p.m., 
transient  stitch  in  r.  side  of  chest,  so  severe  that  he  had  to  hold  his 
breath.     8th. — Frequent  sneezing  and  running  cold  lasting  till  22nd. 


628 


BRYONIA. 


nth. — Chest  very  tender,  stitches  both  sides  on  deep  inspiration,  7 
p.nK,  burning  pain  in  middle  of  tongue  ;  an  h»  later  hard  pimple  of 
size  of  millet  seed  on  same  spot.  1 2th. — ^During  whole  forenoon 
stitches  both  sides  of  chest  on  inspiration.  i5th. — Painful  vesicle  on  K 
edge  of  tongue,  disappearing  after  some  h.^  but  the  part  sensitive  for 
several  d.  ibih,  forenoon,  weak  and  powerless  feeling  in  r,  knee- 
joint,  so  that  he  had  almost  to  drag  foot ;  somewhat  severe  stitches  in 
stomach.  23rd,  forenoon,  fit  of  sneezing,  and  after  dinner  severe 
pinching  pain  in  umbilical  regiurj,  which  brought  drops  of  perspiration 
on  forehead  ^  pain  ceased  after  f  h.  with  discharge  of  very  offensive 
flatus.     24th  and  25th, — Quite  well. 

h.  On  Aug.  2nd,  L —  began  a  second  series  of  proving!  with 
dilutions  (centesimal).  He  first  took,  each  morning,  100  dr.  o(  the  ist 
dil.  Aug.  I  St,  e.,  abdomen  very  tender.  3rd. —  Painful  stitches  in  r, 
chest,  scrobiculus  cordis,  and  umbilical  region,  occurring  here  and  there  as 
if  parts  were  touched  with  a  sharp- puin  ted  instrument.  At  same  time, 
slight  drawing  pain  on  inner  side  of  r,  upper  arm.  At  4  p.m.,  pain 
in  1.  occiput^  worse  from  touch.  Slight  drawing  piin  in  r.  heel.  At 
10  p.m.,  sneezing.  6th,  A  h.  after  dinner,  colicky  pain  around  umbili* 
cus,  relieved  by  discharge  of  flatus.  At  2.30  p,m.,  burning  pain  in  skin 
outer  side  of  1.  knee,  lasting  several  seconds  and  often  recurring,  9.30^ 
severe  stitch  in  anterior  portion  of  urethra.  7th,  afternoon,  pressive 
headache,  frequent  eructations  tasting  of  food,  pressure  in  gullet  as  if 
stomach  were  loaded,  discharges  of  offensive  flatus.  Other  dilutions 
produced  no  noteworthy  effects.  The  action  of  B.  tinct,  (453  dr.  in 
all  having  been  taken)  extended  over  4  weeks.     (/^/V.) 

7.  a.  Dr.  C.  W.  MAYRHOFER^fct*  27,  sanguine  temperament,  strong 
constitution,  healthy  for  many  years  past,  only  liable  to  occasional 
hemorrhoids,  also  to  colic  with  diarrhoea  as  result  of  getting  cold.  On 
May  8th,  took,  fasting,  at  6  a.m.,  20 dr.  of  tincture.  Sharp,  nauseous 
taste,  and  bitter  eructations,  lasting  till  noon.  After  S  h.,  transient 
stitches  in  r.  knee-joint  on  movement.  Appetite  good,  but  usual  evacua- 
tion absent.  9th,  at  6  a.m.,  30  dr. ;  bitter  taste  and  nauseous  eruc- 
tation. 10,  unusually  weak  and  dejected,  slight  drawing  pains  in  upper 
arms  and  thighs.  At  noon,  momentary  vertigo  as  though  he  would 
fall.  Afternoon,  while  going  about,  several  transient  stitches  in  I.  koec 
and  in  first  joint  of  r,  thumb  ^  but  felt  better  after  passing  flatus.  1 0th, 
— Without  medicine,  quite  well,  only  that  usual  evacuation  was  absent, 
iith, — After  constipated  stool,  m.,  took,  at  9  a.m.,  40  dr.  tincr. 
Nausea  and  eructation.  After  4  h,  transient,  drawing  pains  in  nearly 
all  limbs  and  joints,  most  severe  in  1.  wrist.  Pains  only  momentary  in 
knees,  ankles,  and  nape,  more  fixed  in  1.  shoulder* joint,  felt  both  at  rest 
and  when  moving,  paralysed  feeling  during  movement.  At  3  p.m., last 
traces  of  pain  had  gone,  and  following  n.  was  undisturbed.  I2tb,  m,, 
50  dr.  J  nausea  and  bitter  taste  till  noon.  After  4  h.,  pains  (above 
described)  began  not  only  in  joints  but  also  in  fore  and  upper  arm 
thighs,  legs,  phalanges  of  fingers  and  toes,  and  in  nape  ;  drawing  and 
scraping  pains  in  long  bones,  accompanied  with  fine  stitches.  At  noon, 
confused  and  dull  headache.  During  dinner  (12,  noon)  felt  suddenly 
severe  stitch  \\\  hypogastrium  from  1.  to  r.,  soon  afterwards  shooting 


BRYONIA.  629 

pain  in  chest  from  1.  to  r.  side.  At  i  p.m.  tenderness  (for  some  m.)  at 
spot  on  1.  side  of  thorax.  Afternoon,  while  walking,  transient  stitches 
in  both  knees,  great  prostration  and  feeling  of  anxiety.  At  10  p.m. 
(in  bed),  wandering,  tensive  pains  in  all  limbs  and  joints,  most  severe  and 
lasting  in  middle  of  I.  side  of  thorax,  causing  sensation  as  though  con- 
stricted when  taking  deep  inspiration.  After  10  p.m.,  fell  asleep, 
dreaming  that  he  was  unable  to  walk  from  severe  pain,  and  on  awaking 
had  really  shooting,  scraping  pain  on  outer  side  of  ankle  for  J  h.  Pains 
wandering  through  all  limbs  and  joints  till  12  p.m.  Sleep  restless  and 
disturbed  by  dreams  ;  towards  m.  slept  quietly,  and  on  getting  up  felt 
only  slight  traces  of  wandering  pains.  13th. — Took,  at  9  a.m.,  60  dr.  ; 
nausea  as  usual,  and  after  2  h.  the  peculiar  pains,  which^  however,  were 
scarcely  noticeable  by  afternoon,  though  he  was  driving  over  rough  road  ; 
almost  free  of  pain  during  n.  14th. — Without  medicine.  Pains  imme- 
diately after  getting  up.  At  9  a.m.,  pain  settled  in  1.  shoulder-joint 
for  an  h.  Later,  shooting  pain  under  last  ribs  r.  side,  extending  once 
into  r.  loin  ;  then  recurring  in  former  parts,  and  gradually  declining  till 
9  p.m.  During  whole  forenoon,  dull  headache  (he  had  never  before 
suffered  from  headache).  Urine  throughout  day  less  in  quantity  and 
darker  than  usual;  constipated  stool,  only  every  2nd  d.  15th. — Took, 
at  6  a.m.,  80  dr.  of  freshly  prepared  tinct.  After  2  h.  pains  in  limbs 
lasting  whole  d.,  worse  from  movement,  scraping  pains  in  long  bones, 
aggravated  by  driving  in  carriage.  Towards  e.,  shivering,  unusual  sense 
of  &tigue,  great  weakness  in  knees  when  going  upstairs,  transient  stitches 
through  chest,  singing  in  ears,  quick  pulse.  N.  fairly  quiet,  slept  some 
hours.  1 6th,  m.,  pressive,  tearing  pains  in  both  shoulder-joints,  scarcely 
able  to  raise  and  stretch  arms  from  tenderness  in  region  of  deltoid. 
Feverish  towards  e.,  but  not  so  severe  as  previous  d.  N.  quiet.  17th. 
— Without  medicine.  Still  shoulder  pains  in  less  degree,  occasional 
tensive,  scraping  pain  in  long  bones.  Appetite  (for  dinner;  impaired. 
At  2  p.m.,  took  100  dr.  tinct.  Soon  afterwards,  while  driving,  scrap- 
ing, tensive  pain  in  both  forearms,  pressive  and  powerless  feeling  in 
shoulders,  occasional  severe  stitches  through  chest.  5  p.m.,  great  feel- 
ing of  fatigue  as  though  after  a  long  walk,  especially  noticed  on  going 
upstairs.  Frontal  headache  and  whizzing  in  ears.  i8th. — Without 
medicine.  Same  symptoms  continued,  tired  feeling  in  knees  and  thighs. 
3  p.m.,  while  driving,  severe  pains  in  all  ligaments,  relieved  after  drink 
of  cider.  19th.— Pains  in  limbs  and  weakness  in  less  degree  ^  dull, 
tensive  pain  in  1.  calf,  less  felt  when  walking.  E.,  sore-throat  with 
slight  redness  and  difficulty  of  swallowing.  '20th. — Not  yet  free  from 
B.  symptoms;  took  120  dr.  tinct.  After  .V  h.,  headache,  whizzing  in 
ears,  and  general  depression,  knees  and  thighsfeel  completely  exhausted  ; 
burning  on  middle  of  upper  lip  with  eruption  of  round,  large  vesicles. 
2l8t.— Same  state.  Vesicles  on  lip  (i  line  in  diam.),  pains  most  felt  in 
knees  and  shoulders.  22nd. — Eruption  on  lip  dried  up.  Exhaustion 
and  pains  less.     Balanitis  lasting  4  d.  (action  of  Bry.  ?) 

b.  June  loth  (after  interval  of  perfect  health),  M — took  at  3  p.m. 
150  dr.  tinct.;  immediately  nausea  and  flow  of  bitter  saliva.  After  2 
h.  slight  drawing  pain  in  fingers  of  r.  hand  and  instep  of  1.  foot.  In 
c.  di3l  frontal  headache;  n.  quiet,     nth,  forenoon,  quite  well;  at 


^30 


BRYONIA. 


3  p. IB,,  took  200  dr.  tinct. ;  immediately^  great  nausea  and  eructation. 
8  p.m.,  soft  stool,  followed  by  3  painless  loose  motions  and  dis- 
charge of  offensive  flatus  \  sleep  disturbed  by  dreams.  Next  m.  on 
getting  up  very  tired  and  prostrate,  so  that  when  going  about  he  had 
to  drag  his  hnibs.  Head  confused  whole  afternoon.  Towards  e. 
slight  pains  in  shoulders,  upper  arms,  and  phalanges. 

c,  1 6th.— Took  200  dr.  1,  dil.  In  2  h.  the  well-known  B.  pains  in 
limbs  and  joints,  increasing  till  noon,  and  affecting  mostly  r.  side  ;  in  c* 
pressive  pain  deep  in  r.  orbit  aggravated  by  pressure  on  eye*  ijth, — 
Pains  during  early  part  of  day.  i  p.m.,  painful  stitches  in  r.  knee  and  r. 
ankle.  3  p.m,,  took  120  dr.  Pains  same  as  from  previous  doses, 
almost  exclusively  r.  side.  i8th. — Without  med.  ;  pains  continue, 
affectiiig  also  1.  side;  head  much  confused,  feeling  very  tired.  19th, 
300  dr.  In  2  h.  usual  joint  pains,  also  in  r,  eye.  20th,  forenoon^ 
severe  tearing,  scraping  pains  in  r.  ankle,  lasting  i o  m.  2  h.  later 
similar  pains  in  upper  arm.  3  p.m.,  1000  dr.  Immediately  nausea,  and 
unsteady  gait ;  after  2  h,  drawing,  scraping  pains  in  joints  and  Jigaments, 
complete  exhaustion.  The  B.  symptoms  ceased  only  after  10  d.  {Ibid,) 
8.  Provings  under  Dr.  Mayrhofer's  superintendence :  ^Johanna  B — , 
girl,  act.  2 1 ,  healthy,  except  chlorosis  two  years  ago.  May  30th. — Took, 
at  9  a.m.,  5  dr.  tinct.  ;  griping  and  distended  feeling  in  stomach,  extend- 
ing to  abdomen.  31st,  10  dr. — Same  symptoms,  and  after  1 5  dr.  at  3  p.m. 
drawing,  stretching  pain  in  r.  shin  bone  lasting  4  h.  and  going  off  while 
walking.  June  Jst,  at  8  a,m,,  20  dr. ;  after  3  h.  painful  tympanitic 
distension  of  abdomen  lasting  j  h.,  disappearing  after  two  soft  motions. 
[Ibid,) 

9,  a,  Anna  Maria  M — ,  aet.  34,  married,  mother  of  5  children,  san- 
guine temperament,  tall  and  slender,  liable  to  rheumatism  in  face  and 
teeth,  otherwise  healthy.  May  24th,  at  9  a.m.,  took  5  dr.  without 
effect  J  e,,  took  10  dr.  After  1  h.  throbbing  of  r.  upper  eyelid  and  eye 
for  5  m.  In  region  of  r.  ovary,  severe  pain  as  if  part  were  torn  or 
wrenched,  extending  to  thigh.  2Sth. — Took,  at  6  a.m.,  15  dr.  After  4 
h.  severe  colicky  pain  extending  from  sacrum  over  hypogastrium  j 
abdomen  distended  ;  this  pain  lasting  1  h.  and  passing  away  after  soft 
evacuation  and  discharge  of  flatus.  E.,  15  dr.,  followed  by  griping  and 
gurgling  in  abdomen,  and  tympanitic  distension.  Sleep  much  dis- 
turbed. 26th,  at  6  a.m.,  20  dr.;  colicky  pain  as  if  from  flatus  whole 
d.  Pain  in  r.  ovary  aggravated  by  touch,  E.>  25  dr.  Sleep  disturbed 
by  colic  and  ovarian  pain  whole  n,,  occasional  cramp  in  calves,  a7th. 
— Abdominal  pains  ceased  after  hard  stool  and  discharges  of  flatus. 
Forenoon,  drawing,  tearing  pains  in  both  upper  arms,  and  r.  forearm* 
Afternoon,  feeling  of  great  prostration.  3  p*m*,  30  dr.  Immediately 
distension  of  stomach  and  eructation  of  flatus,  i  h.  later  severe 
drawing,  stretching  pain  in  dorsal  vcrtebrse  at  part  where  spinal  curva- 
ture had  been  fourteen  years  ago ;  pain,  with  difficulty  of  breathing, 
through  chest  towards  lower  end  of  sternum.  Pain  in  r.  forearm. 
28th. — ^Took,  at  6  a.m.,  35  dr.  Soon  afterwards  squeezing  pain  in 
stomachj  shortly  giving  place  to  colicky  pain,  as  if  bowels  would  act, 
but  no  motion.  Pressive  and  digging  pain  in  abdomen,  more  or  less 
whole  day.     2  h,  after  taking  dose  drawing,  tearing,  or  scraping  pain  in 


BRYONIA.  631 

little  finger  of  1.  hand  and  1.  great  toe.  29th. — Took,  at  7  a.m., 40  dr. 
Immediately,  painful  distension  of  stomach,  and  later  of  whole  abdomen, 
which,  however,  declined  during  d.  Occasional  pressive  tearing  pain  in 
forearms,  general  lassitude.  E.,  scanty,  hard  stool.  Sleep  disturbed 
by  flatulent  colic.  30th. — Nearly  same  symptoms.  31st. — Pressive 
tearing  pain  in  forehead  over  r.  eye  alternating  with,  after  2  h.,  severe 
drawing  pain  in  decayed  tooth  r.  side,  lasting  h  h.,  followed  by  pain 
gradually  extending  over  whole  forehead,  during  d.  June  i  st. — Took,  at 
6  a.m.,  45  dr.  Immediately  flatulent  distension  of  stomach  and 
abdomen,  frontal  headache  and  great  prostration.  2nd. — Same  sym- 
ptoms. 3rd. — Took,  at  6  a.m.,  50  dr.  After  i  h.  severe  shivering  and 
loss  of  strength  so  that  she  could  not  leave  bed  for  3  h.  ;  prostration 
lasted  3  d. 

b.  After  interval  of  8  d.,  during  which  she  was  quite  well,  on  June 
nth,  took,  at  3  p.m.,  60  dr.  tinct.  Nausea,  distension  of  stomach  and 
later  of  abdomen  ;  towards  e.  headache  with  signs  of  incipient  catarrh  ; 
painful  swelling  of  haemorrhoids.  12th. — Headache  and  nasal  catarrh. 
3  p.m.,  100  dr.  Nausea  and  eructations,  flatulent  distension  of  abdomen, 
want  of  appetite,  general  prostration,  restless  n.  owing  to  nasal  catarrh. 
13th. — Same  symptoms;  catarrh  is  better  in  open  air  than  indoors. 
Symptoms  ceased  in  a  few  d.     {Ibid,) 

10.  Dr.  Reisinger  took  for  first  time  on  May  isth,  1844,  5  dr. 
tincture,  increasing  dose  by  5  dr.  daily  up  to  26th,  when  he  took  50  dr. 
Medicine  taken  in  water  \  h.  after  breakfast  each  d.  50  dr.  were  then 
taken  every  3rd  d.  till  June  17th.  No  particular  symptoms,  except  3 
or  4  fluid  motions  daily,  followed  by  burning  in  anus.  June  i/th, 
60  dr.  Diarrhceic,  bilious,  acrid  stools,  rawness  of  anus  for  8  d. 
June  24th,  60  dr.  Beyond  diarrhceic  stools,  2  or  3  in  d.,  no  symptoms. 
July  ist^  90  dr.  Nausea,  eructations,  diarrhoea  without  griping  for  6  d. 
July  7th,  100  dr.  Nausea,  vertigo,  confusion  of  head,  tasteless  eructa- 
tions, fulness  in  stomach,  tension  of  abdomen,  bilious  fluid  motion 
(twice).  At  noon,  little  appetite  ;  afternoon,  great  sleepiness  ;  e.,  quite 
well  i  n.  very  restless.  8th,  9th,  and  loth. — Without  medicine  ;  no  sym- 
ptoms, except  slight  frontal  headache,  and  flatulence  in  abdomen.  July 
iith,  120  dr.  Nausea  for  some  h.,  excessive  flow  of  saliva,  no  appetite, 
desire  for  wine,  which  relieved  sickness,  pressure  in  stomach,  eructations, 
diarrhceic  stools  followed  by  pricking  and  burning  in  anus,  ill-humour. 
12th  and  13th. — Without  medicine ;  discomfort  from  flatulence,  tendency 
to  diarrhoea,  rheumatic  pains  in  r.  upper  arm.  14th,  160  dr.  Imme- 
diately inclination  to  vomit,  coldness  in  face  ;  after  some  time  bitter 
taste,  accumulation  of  saliva,  head  confused  and  as  if  screwed  in  a  vice, 
continual  eructations,  at  first  tasting  of  B.,  later  tasteless,  fulness  of 
stomach  and  distension  of  abdomen,  not  relieved  by  eructation,  tym- 
panitic distension  of  abdomen,  rumbling  (without  griping]  in  intestines, 
discharges  of  offensive  flatus,  distaste  for  nearly  every  kind  of  food  and 
beer,  desire  for  warm  meat  soup,  after  taking  which  urging  to  stool, 
3  fluid  greenish-brown  motions,  without  pain,  but  expelled  with  force, 
followed  by  burning  in  rectum,  great  sleepiness  and  yawning  (though 
he  had  slept  well  previous  n.).  Fatigue  and  stiflncss  of  limbs,  especially 
lower  I  disinclination  for  work  ;  desponding  humour.  After  e.  meal ,  liquid 


6336 


BRYONIA. 


.^ 


Stool  i  tension  of  abdomen  less  severe.     Sleep  restless^  exciting  drej 
The  following  symptoms   lasted  some  d»  i  confusion  of  head,  insipii 
sweetish  taste,  defective  appetite,  frequent  griping  in  abdomen  abovi 
umbilical  region,  2  or  3  diarrhaeic  stools  during  d.     After  other  sy 
ptoms  had  ceased,  the  irregularity  of  bowels  and  restless  sleep  still  noi 
h,  Oct,  2nd,  Dr.  R —  toolc,  fasting,  100  dr,  8x  dil.     Slight  confus 
of  head  with  distinct  pressive  pain  over  1.  eye,  momentary,  but 
recurring  J  insipid  sweetish  taste;  eructations  tasting  of  medicine.  ^ 
too  dr,  yx.     Slight   pressivc  supra-orbital   pain,  K,  extending   to 
drawing,  laming  pains,  and  heavy  feeling  in  r.  upper  arm   for  .J 
eructations  (tasteless),  painless  rumbling  in  abdomen  ;  restless  sU 
6th,    100  dr.   6x.     Confusion   of  head,  especially  frontal  region  ;  c 
in  head,  frequent  sneezijig ;  insipid  taste  ;  eructations  (almost  tat 
less)  ;  transient  sensation  of  heat  in  chest ;  slight  feeling  of  pressure 
region  of  false  ribs,  both  sides ;  discharges  of  often  si  vc  flatus  from  bo^" 
7th,  early,  somewhat  severe  painful  stitches  inner  side  of  L  knee.     < 
100  dr.  5x,     Soon  afterwards  similar  pains  in  knee,  but  less  scv« 
empty  eructations  ;  uneasy  feeling  in  region  of  stomachy  with  disteni 
of  abdomen  j  normal   stool  ;  e.,  while  writing  heavy  feeling  in  r.  ai 
sleep  restless.     loth,  loodr.  4.x,  and  on  rith  loodr.  jx.    No  partici 
symptoms.      14th,  foodr.  2x.     Nauseous  taste,  eructations,  accumi 
tion  of  saliva  ;  distension  of  abdomen,  relieved  by  passing  offensive  flati 
pressive  pain  in  frontal  region,  thirst,  slight  shivering,  followed  by  he 
sleepless  n.     15th,  100  dn  i,.     Confusion  of  head  with  pressive  pail 
temples  and   forehead  ;  nausea ;  2  h.   later,  eructations,  bitter 
accumulation  of  saliva  ;  distension  of  abdomen  i  rumbling  in  bow< 
2  d.  without  stool  ;  heavy  feeling  and  slight  tension  in  r.  upper 
discharge   of  mucus   from   nose  and  bronchi ;  feeling  of  prostrati 
(Ihid.) 

I  J.  a.  Dr.  Schwartz  began  proving  of  tinct.  May  i8th,  1844 
doses  of  ^  dr.  per  diem^  daily  increasing  up  to  140  drops  on  May  2I 
During  first   10  d.   probably  no  effects,  as  no  symptoms  are  recorded 
29th,  forenoon,  pressive  tearing  pains  in  both  forearms,  which  ceased  il 
L  about  3  p.m.  ;  pressive  pain  in  1,  supra-orbital  region  for  .|  h.  \  djij 
pain  in  occipital  region  extending  over  whole  head,  more  or  less  se 
during  d.,  worse  while  walking  and  after  food  ;  throbbmg  in  head.     J 
2nd  and  3rd,  in  e.,  severe  stitches  at  outer  angle  of  r.  scapula.     5 
Severe  pressive  tearing  pain  between  6th  and  7th  rib  close  to  sternu: 
side  ;  throbbing  pain  in  r.   clavicle.     8th,  noon,  fine  painful  stitch 
region  of  1.  deltoid,      nth,  loa.m.,  general  lassitude,  limbs  tired 
sive  pain  in  forehead  and  occiput,  worse  from  moving  ;  tongue  w 
coated,  insipid  taste,  loss  of  appetite,  thirst  j  ribs  painful  ;  tired  ft 
in  sacral  region  ;  transpiration  lessened  ;  pulse  quickened  by  10 
urine  more  abundant  and  hot. 

I.  On  August  2 1st  S—  began   again    with  30  dr.     No  sy 
On  26th,  6  dr.    For  3  d.  severe  stitches  in  deltoid  muscle  and 
(intercostal    muscles}.     On  30th,  60  dr.     No  *^ymptoms.     Sept, 
120  dr.     Nauseous,  bitter  taste  all  d.,  eructations  tasting  of  mcrdi 
After  2  h,  slight  pinching  and  rumbling  *n   bowels,  followed  by  li 
'oi  with  flatus,  tei^at^d  twice  within    I   h,,  after  which  burnini 


BRYONIA.  633 

anus.  i8th,  80  dr..,  and  on  24th  140  dr.  Soon  nausea,  severe  pain 
and  rumbling  in  bowels,  liquid  stool  ;  till  6  p.m.  severe  griping,  then 
two  copious  liquid  stools  with  pressure,  followed  by  burning  in  anus. 

c,  Nov.  20th,  20  dr.  of  6x  dil.  21st,  30  dr.  m.  and  e.  without 
any  effects.  24th,  50  dr.  of  same.  After  2  h.  feeling  of  constriction 
r.  side  of  chest,  especially  on  deep  inspiration,  dull  stitches  in  region  of 
5th  and  6th  ribs  reaching  to  sternum,  r.  side,  aggravated  by  movement. 
2Sth,  5odr.  Same  effects.  27th,  m.,  100  dr.  Feeling  of  oppression  in 
sternal  region  to  r.  axilla,  impeding  deep  inspiration ;  constriction  in 
r.  chest,  several  painful  stitches  in  axillary  glands.  In  e.  100  dr.  \  no 
effects  during  n.  except  that  urine  was  scanty.  28th. — Without 
medicine ;  similar  chest  symptoms,  but  less  severe.  29th,  e.,  200  dr. 
After  9  h.  uneasy  state  of  bowels,  rumbling,  then  soft  stool  and  dis- 
charge of  flatus.  30th,  300  dr.  at  10  a.m.  At  i  p.m.  cutting  and 
griping  in  bowels,  making  him  bend  double,  relieved  by  copious  soft 
stool.     {Ihid) 

12.  Dr.  Wachtl  took  on  21st  xVIay,  i  h.  after  (milk)  breakfast, 
100  dr.  of  tinci.  in  water.  After  1  h.  pressure  in  concha  of  r.  ear, 
slight  drawing  pain  from  both  temples  towards  zygoma,  strong  pulsation 
of  carotids,  pressure  towards  anus.  During  n.  throbbing  pressive  head- 
ache towards  temples.  22nd,  m.,  on  getting  up,  both  kiiees  tired  and 
powerless,  worse  from  moving ;  drawing  sensation  in  both  groins,  later 
burning  in  r. ;  in  afternoon  this  feeling  extended  to  inner  surface  of 
thighs.  £.,  itching  of  skin  and  diminished  sensibility  of  upper  arms. 
24th,  forenoon,  drawing  tearing  pain  (for  some  m.)  from  r.  temple  to 
zygoma,  also  extending  to  muscles  of  neck  and  upper  back  teeth. 
Afternoon,  over-stretched  feeling  in  upper  arms  and  thighs ;  e.,  fixed 
tearing  pain  in  1.  sacro-iliac  joint.  25th,  m.,  in  bed,  severe  tearing 
stitches  in  1.  knee-joint,  later  similar  pains  in  elbows  and  r.  middle 
toes.  26th. — Tearing  drawing  in  1.  knee-joint,  middle  1.  toes,  both 
elbows  and  flexor  surfaces  of  both  thighs.  28th. — Feeling  as  if  scalp 
were  stretched  painfully  tight  over  head.  29th. — Eyelids  somewhat 
agglutinated,  burning  in  r.  inner  canthus.  Afternoon,  frequent  sneez- 
ing, tickling  in  larynx  and  hard  shaking  cough,  lasting  some  m.  while 
sitting,  dull  stitches  through  region  of  liver.  31st. — After  simple  meal, 
distension  of  abdomen,  lassitude  while  walking  \  sudden  coughing  with 
expectoration  of  yellow-greenish  mucus.  10  p.m.,  on  spot  o\  skin  in 
region  of  ist  dorsal  vertebra,  burning  pain  (as  if  from  sling  of  nettle). 
June  1st,  forenoon,  while  walking  sudden  severe  tearing  pain  in  r.  foot 
(instep),  aggravated  by  movement.  2nd. — Dull  pain  through  1.  chest  as 
if  from  lower  angle  of  scapula  towards  sternum  \  felt  need  of  breathing 
deeply.  Action  of  dose  of  May  21st  seemed  to  continue  until  June 
20th,  lessening,  but  continuing  characteristic.  On  7th,  vertigo  j  for 
\  h.  tearing  stitches  in  bladder  extending  to  bulbous  portion  of  urethra, 
momentarily  preventing  urination  \  occasionally  tearing,  drawing  pains 
in  upper  and  lower  limbs  and  in  ligaments ;  pressive  pains  in  temples 
and  occipital  region  \  constipation. 

b.  27th  June,  W —  took  at  8  a.m.,  \  h.  after  (milk)  breakfast,  200  dr. 
of  tinct.  2  p.m.,  while  walking,  shooting  pains  in  coccyx ;  after 
dinner,   slight   vertigo,  distension  of  stomach,   urging  to  stool,   soft 


^34 


BRYONIA. 


motion.  While  walking,  heaviness  of  lower  extremuies;  e.,  twice 
urging  to  stool,  but  no  action,  July  7th,  forenoon,  tearing  stitches  in 
L  chest  from  behind  forwards^  worse  from  movement  and  deep  inspira- 
tion ^  tearing  pain  in  abdomen,  1.  side. 

€,  Oct.  2nd. — Took  at  7  a.m.,  before  breakfast,  10  dr,^  ijidiL  About 
11  a.m.,  slight  drawing  pain  from  temples  to  z-jrgoma,  especially  L, 
extending  once  to  1.  jaw.  After  dinner  diarrhoeic  stool  ;  after  I  h., 
slimy  stoo],  followed  by  burning  in  anus;  frequent  urination  with 
burning  in  urethra.  E»,  three  slimy  evacuations.  Oct.  4th,  and  6  fol- 
lowing d.,  10  dr*  of  same.  On  4tlK — Tensive  pain  in  temples,  and  soon 
afterwards  copious  soft  stool.  5th. — Two  liquid  stools  j  tensive  fech'ng 
in  hollow  of  knee,  later  tearing  pain  in  shins  for  some  m.  Afternoon, 
stool  followed  by  slight  burning  in  anus  i  secretion  of  urine  distinctly 
increased,  sudden  urging  to  urinate  ;  towards  noon,  severe  stitches  in 
axilla  ;  (quite  contrary  to  habit)  slept  3  h.  after  dinner,  lively  dreams  ; 
on  waking,  dull  stitches  and  oppression  in  chest  about  5th  rib  near 
sternum  ;  hawking  of  disagreeable  mucus  in  throat ;  dryness  of  palate  as 
if  covered  with  tough  mucus.  6th. — One  h.  after  taking  medicine,  thick 
stool  with  drawing  and  pressure  in  sacrum  ;  pressive  pain  in  occiput 
with  drawing  in  nape  ;  noon,  pressive  pain  in  temples  and  forehead  i 
e.,  in  bed,  shuddering  of  lower  extremities,  skin  of  which  felt  cold  j 
after  being  warmly  covered,  severe  tearing  stitches  in  r.  knee,  sevecaJ 
stitches  in  1.  shoulder,  7th, — Vertigo  \  towards  noon,  occasional  tenvivc 
pain  in  muscular  sheaths  of  upper  and  lower  extremities  \  slight  burning 
with  stool  and  when  urinating  j  severe  burning  and  watering  of  r.  eye  , 
whizzing  in  ears  ;  stitches  in  joints  of  little  finger  1.  hand.  Afternoon^ 
while  lying,  dull  stitches  between  shoulder*blades,  burning  stitches  1. 
heel  at  insertion  of  tendo  Achillis.  8th. — Pressure  and  drawing  in  loins 
and  temples,  especially  after  dinner  j  tearing  and  drawing  pain  forearm 
and  foot.  E.,  while  sitting  dull  stitches  through  chest  and  abdamdi 
(umbilical  region)  \  four  scanty  stools  with  slight  pressure*  9th. — 
Compressive  pain  in  temples,  alternating  with  similar  pains  in  occiptul 
region  \  soon  after  eating,  cold  feeling  in  back  extending  forwards 
towards  axilla  and  forearms,  with  simultaneous  severe  pressure  in 
scrobiculus  cordis;  several  stitches  in  ribs  r.  side.  At  10,  cold  feeling 
in  spine  with  tearing  pressure  in  back  and  loins  (muscles),  lasting  whole 
d,,  better  when  moving.  Afternoon,  three  fluid  stools,  nth. — Without 
medicine.  Soon  after  breakfast  frontal  headache  agj^ravated  by  stooping  ; 
skin  felt  hot,  and  perspired  readily,  12th. — Without  medicine.  Severe 
twitching  and  tearing  pain  in  region  of  last  lumbar  vertebra  and 
sacrum  ;  muscles  of  loins  sensitive  to  contact  or  tight  clothing  \  fulness, 
as  from  incarcerated  flatus,  now  towards  region  of  stomach,  with  urging 
and  pressure,  now  backwards,  more  or  less  all  d,,  better  walking  about 
and  bending  backwards,  worse  stooping.     Pain  in  loins  for  next  j  d. 

d,  W^ —  took  on  Oct.  21st,  at  7  a.m.,  1  h.  before  breakfast,  10  dr* 
of  6x  diJ,  Towards  9  a.m.,  tensive,  pressive  sensation  in  1.  temple  \ 
later,  tearing  in  1.  knee  extending  to  shin  and  foot.  After  dinner, 
severe  pressure  in  stomach  as  if  from  a  stone,  recurrence  of  knee  pain 
Worse  from  motion.  E.,  pressure  in  fore  part  of  brain  toward  forehead 
and   I,  eyeball,  especially  on  stooping.     22nd. — This  headache  all  d. 


BRYONIA.  63s 

After  dinner  when  sitting  squeezing  tearing  in  r.  calf  of  short  duration  ; 
when  writing,  twitching  tearing  in  middle  knuckle-joint  of  r.  hand  ; 
marked  hoarseness  all  d. ;  retarded  stool  followed  by  twitching  and 
stitches  in  anus.  23rd,  10  dr.  Profuse  lachrymation,  r.  conjunctiva 
reddened,  lids  agglutinated  at  outer  canthus ;  drawing  and  tearing  in 
r.  elbow-joint  and  forearm  to  wrist.  After  dinner,  dryness  of  palate, 
distension  of  abdomen,  nausea ;  afternoon,  great  lassitude,  ringing  in 
ears  with  impaired  hearing  for  2  h. ;  e.,  chilly  feeling  in  1.  thigh. 
26th. — Without  medicine.  Headache  somewhat  less  severe.  After  eating 
hiccup,  and  on  every  shock  caused  by  it  pressure  in  forehead,  as  if 
brain  shook  from  behind  forwards.  27th. — Without  medicine.  One  h. 
after  eating,  stitches  and  pressure  under  sternum,  worse  from  movement 
and  deep  inspiration  ;  later,  dull  stitches  in  r.  groin  ;  chilly  feeling  in 
1.  thigh.  28th. — No  symptoms  except  fine  stitches  under  nail  of  little  toe 
of  1.  foot. 

Wachtl  states  that  some  of  the  symptoms  continued  until  the 
middle  of  November.     {Ibid,) 

13.  a.  Dr.  Watzke  took  on  May  24th,  1844,  20  dr.;  2Sth,  40 
dr. ;  26th,  80  dr. ;  and  28th,  80  dr.,  of  tinct.  E.  of  26th  and  27th,  on 
lying  down,  uneasy  feeling  as  if  chest  were  contracted,  thorax  painful, 
rapidly  repeated  heaving  respiration.  28th. — Stool  very  constipated 
(contrary  to  habit) ;  afternoon,  repeated  severe  twitching  stitches  in 
both  temples,  extending  sometimes  over  1.  parietal  region. 

b,  June  13th,  W —  took  at  8  a.m.,  after  chocolate  breakfast,  100  dr. 
of  freshly  prepared  tinct.  of  B.  dioica.  In  ^  h.  afterwards  while  out 
walking  uneasy  movement  in  stomach  and  constricting  sensation  in 
throat ;  sudden  vomiting  lasting  5  m.,  this  repeated  twice  afterwards  at 
interval  of  \  h.,  accompanied  with  painful  scraping  and  constricting 
sensation  in  stomach  ;  vomiting  at  first  pinless,  vomited  matter  being 
chocolate,  water,  and  mucus,  tasting  of  what  had  been  taken  ;  later 
vomiting  (with  difficulty)  of  yellow,  thick  tenacious  bitter  fluid,  ceased 
after  taking  a  basin  of  warm  soup.  At  noon  good  appetite.  No  further 
symptoms  except  great  tendency  to  vomiting,  and  jaundiced  aspect, 
both  lasting  a  long  time. 

c,  April  5th. — Took  5  dr.  tinct.  B.  alba.  Soon  afterwards  pressure 
and  contracting  sensation  in  stomach  ;  between  4  and  5  p.m.  painless 
twitching  and  contraction  in  1.  upper  eyelid  every  2  or  3  m.,  sensitive 
heavy  feeling  remaining  in  it ;  n.,  restless  sleep,  free  perspiration  j 
unusual  lassitude  next  d.  6th. — Took  10  dr.  tinct.  on  sugar  after 
breakfast.  After  \  h.  sensitive  pressive  pain  (coming  and  going)  in  1. 
eyeball,  especially  violent  on  moving  it,  with  feeling  as  if  eye  became 
smaller  and  was  retracted  within  orbit.  After  eating  severe  sickness 
as  if  from  abdomen  \  anxious  feeling  ;  disinclination  for  food,  but  taste 
not  changed.  Towards  e.  tenderness  of  scalp,  jerking  stitches  on 
vertex,  elbows,  wrists,  and  especially  severe  on  several  spots  of  fore- 
head ^  teeth  sensitive;  irritable  mood,  desire  to  be  alone.  When 
going  to  sleep,  a  feeling  as  if  chest  were  contracted  \  chest  somewhat 
sensitive.  N.  again  restless ;  next  m.  sour  eructations  tasting  of  fish 
eaten  previous  n. ;  at  noon  good  appetite  again.  The  pressive  pain  in 
eyeball  recurred  frequently  towards  e.  on  this  and  following  d.     9th, 


636 


BRYONIA. 


noon,  10  dr. — ^Immediately  iwisting  in  umbilical  region  and  slight 
sickness.  After  some  h.  pain  in  r.  temple  ;  a  tensive  twitching  in  mus* 
cular  fibres,  lasting  a  few  seconds ;  part  very  sensitive,  pain  recurring 
several  times  during  \  h.  Towards  B  p.m.  pain  recurred  on  same  spot, 
lasting  almost  i  h.,  also  occasionally  slight  twitching  in  r.  upper  eyelid; 
transient  recurrence  of  pain  during  following  8  d, 

^,  During  April,  May,  and  June,  Watzke  took  every  4th  or  7th  d. 
dose,  increasing  by  5  dr.,  up  to  (June  21st  and  two  following  q.)  50 
'dr.  Stitches  through  chest,  especially  twitching  headache  (temples). 
During  last  two  months  a  skin  eruption  has  appeared,  first  on  sacral 
region,  extending  to  back,  chest,  and  forearms  ;  rash  consisting  of 
groups  of  vesicles,  which  dried  up,  leaving  red  and  scaling  skin  ;  occa- 
siojial  itching,  especially  during  active  movement.  Eruption  declined 
in  July  and  disappeared  during  August.      [Ibid,) 

14,  Dr,  WuRMB  look  on  June  3rd,  1884,  at  6  p.m.,  lOo  dr.  of 
tinct.  No  symptoms.  7th,  at  5  p.m.,  150  dr.  Nausea  during  e., 
distaste  for  food,  n.  restless,  sleep  disturbed  by  exciting  dreams,  waking 
often,  with  chilly  feeling  in  toes.  8th. — Without  medicine.  In  m, 
scanty  stool,  9th. — Without  medicine.  No  action  of  bowels  ;  n.  restless, 
waking  often  after  exciting  dreams,  ioth,^ — Without  medicine.  In  m, 
scanty  stool  only  after  much  straining;  tearing  in  first  joint  of  r, 
thumb,  and  last  joint  of  r.  great  toe,  frequently  during  d, ;  afternoon, 
sore  tliroat  (pressive  pain  in  r,  tonsil  oji  swallowing),  at  same  time 
stitches  in  r.  ear.  12th,  at  5  p.m.,  200  dr.  Scraping  sensation  in 
throat  during  e.  13th. — Without  medicine.  In  m.  edges  of  eyelids  (espe- 
cially r.)  swollen  and  reddened.  Forenoon,  discharges  of  offensive  Hacus, 
— Afternoon,  hard  scanty  stool.  i8th,  at  6  p.m.,  250  dr.  Soon  after* 
wards  frequent  sneezing.  iQth*^ — Without  medicine.  Scanty  stool.  20th. 
— Without  medicine.  No  action  of  bowels.  2ist.^ — Scanty  stool  j  head 
more  or  less  confused  all  d.  Afternoon,  pain  in  1.  temple  pressing  from 
within  outwards.  22nd,  23rd,  and  24th.^ — Without  medicine.  Several 
copious  stools  each  d.,  almost  diarrhoea.  July  3rd,  at  5,30  p.m.,  ^00 
dr.  4th. ^ — Without  medicine.  No  action  of  bowels,  unusual  frequency  af 
micturition.  8th,  at  8.30  a.m.,  20  dr.  Soon,  confusion  of  head  which 
gradually  developed  into  severe  pressive  pain,  especially  in  I.  temple, 
worst  about  5  p.m.,  also  sickness  ;  over-sensitive  hearing  and  hissing  in 
1.  ear,  9th,  at  8.30  a.m.,  20  dr.  Discharge  of  flatus.  Afternoon, 
severe  urging  to  stool,  but  only  flatus  passed;  rumbling  in  bowels  for 
\  h,  loth,  20  dr.  No  symptoms,  iith^  20  dr.  Scanty  stooJ  j 
frequent  sneezing.  J2th,  20  dr.  Scanty  stool;  sneezing.  13th,  20 
dr.  No  symptoms.  24th,  50  dr.  25th,  8  a.m.,  50  dr.  At  3  p.m.. 
severe    cutting    pain    in    bowels,    urging    to    stool,    copious   papi 

evacuation  and  flatus;  confusion  of  head,  worse  when  walking,    (j , 

15.  On  May  16th  Zlatarovtch  began  proving  of  tinct.  with  8  dr, 
every  m.  till  23rd  without  effect.  24ih,  30  dr.  After  2  h.  uneasiness 
in  stomach  with  distension  of  abdomen  ;  tensive  pain  in  r.  shoulder* 
From  25th  to  29th,  30  dr.  daily  ^  no  symptoms,  aoth,  40  dr.  Fore- 
noon, severe  headache,  especially  in  frontal  and  parietal  regions,  31st, 
40  dr.  Feeling  of  pressure  in  hiemorrhoidal  vessels.  June  1st,  40  dr. 
After  breakfast  sickness,  accumulation  of  saliva  in  mouth,  chilly  feeling 


BRYONIA.  637 

and  general  uneasiness  ;  griping  in  bowels,  followed  by  liquid  evacuation 
forcibly  expelled  ;  after  eating  another  fluid  motion  followed  bv  burning 
in  anus.  7th,  15  dr.  After  i  h.  feeling  of  uneasiness  and  lassitude; 
soft  stool  and  later  fluid  motion  of  rancid  odour,  then  burning  and  soreness 
in  anus.  9th. — Without  medicine  ;  immediately  on  waking  soft  stool, 
followed  by  burning  in  anus  ;  after  \  h.  fluid  stool  ;  towards  noon 
burning,  compressive  pain  in  stomach,  compelling  him  to  bend  double, 
increased  by  deep  inspiration,  short  intervals  of  relief,  then  recurrence 
of  more  severe  pain  ;  accumulation  of  saliva  in  mouth  ;  pressive  pain 
in  both  axillae  and  in  r.  hip  ;  head  momentarily  confused,  somewhat 
later  pain  in  bowel  with  urging  to  stool,  hard  motion  ;  bruised  feeling 
in  loins  ;  slight  drawing  in  pectoral  muscles.  loth,  15  dr.  Forenoon^ 
while  sitting  and  speaking  oppressed  feeling  in  chest ;  voice  higher 
pitched  than  usual,  nth,  15  dr.  After  i  h.  pressive  burning  pain  in 
stomach  lasting  i  h.  I'owards  noon  abdomen  distended,  breathing 
oppressed  ;  while  sitting  crampy  pain  in  sole  of  r.  foot.  After  eating 
tensive  pain  in  loins.  12th,  20  dr.  Immediately  pressure  in  stomach 
with  tension  and  burning  in  r.  side  of  chest,  increased  by  moving  arm. 
After  4  h.  drawing  and  tearing  in  r.  shoulder  and  upper  arm,  relieved 
by  movement,  worse  at  rest.  13th,  25  dr.  Awoke  at  6  a.m.,  after 
good  night's  sleep,  with  severe  tearing  pain  in  r.  shoulder,  axilla,  and 
upper  arm,  which  he  was  scarcely  able  to  move  ;  after  getting  up  pain 
gradually  declined  and  in  i  h.  ceased.  At  11  a.m.,  while  walking 
out,  pain  in  arm  recurred,  but  not  so  severely,  and  alternating  with 
similar  pain  in  r.  hip.  Afternoon,  indoors,  pain  only  in  shoulder- 
joint,  but  so  severe  that  he  could  scarcely  move  arm  ;  after  ^  h.  pain 
ceased,  succeeded  by  formication  along  ulnar  nerve,  and  chilly  feeling 
in  all  limbs  ;  little  appetite  for  dinner,  after  which  uneasiness,  general 
irritability,  confusion  of  head,  and  pressure  in  loins  ;  after  ^  h.  tearing 
in  r.  shoulder,  powerless  feeling  in  arm,  unable  to  grasp  firmly  with 
hand,  on  attempting  to  write  severe  pain  in  shoulder-joint,  pain  in  sole 
and  little  toe  of  1.  foot  ;  stiffness  of  pectoral  muscles  on  deep  inspiration. 
14th,  25  dr.  On  awaking,  tensive  pains  in  sacral  and  lumbar  regions ; 
tickling  in  larynx  and  dry  cough  ;  frequent  sneezing  ;  pains  in  r.  arm ; 
towards  e.  severe  distension  of  abdomen.  15th,  m.,  cough  several  times 
with  expectoration  of  gelatinous  mucus;  raw  painful  feeling  between 
7th  and  9th  ribs  1.  side,  worse  from  touch.  At  11  a.m.,  burning  pain 
2nd  toe  1.  foot.  i6th,  m.,  25  dr.  Soon  afterwards  papcscent  offensive 
stool,  uneasiness  and  distension  of  abdomen  ;  confusion  of  head  ;  occa- 
sional pressive  pains  in  forehead,  temples,  and  occiput ;  hypogastrium 
felt  heavy  ;  pressure  in  stomach,  insipid  taste  ;  silent  and  moody  ; 
tearing  pains  in  cervical  muscles  to  axilla  1.  side.  17th,  25  dr.  in 
forenoon.  Pressure  and  drawing  in  lumbar  muscles,  even  lumbar 
vertebrae  seemed  painful ;  feeling  in  r.  patella  as  if  he  had  knelt  a  long 
time.  18th,  25  dr.  in  forenoon.  Diminished  sensibility  in  lumbar  and 
sacral  regions, so  that  muscles  acted  automatically,  for  i  h. ;  inner  condyle 
of  r.  femur  rather  painful  ;  after  dinner  head  confused  and  heavy;  e. 
unusual  dryness  of  mouth,  palate,  tongue,  and  lips.  19th,  25  dr.  No 
symptoms  except  two  fluid  stools.  20th,  25  dr.  Severe  pain  in  r. 
thigh  extending  along  anterior  surface  to  knee,  worse  from  movement, 


638 


BRYONIA. 


when  it  becomes  drawing  and  tearing,  powerless  feeling  when  at  rest ; 

during  past  few  d.  several  inflamed  pimples  (painful  on  pressure)  have 
appeared  on  back  and  face,  chiefly  forehead  j  after  dinner  pain  in  thigh 
better,  but  worse  again  in  c,  and  the  part  sensitive  to  touch,  iist^ 
25  dr.  After  having  slept  well  during  n.  awoke  with  severe  pressive 
headache,  worse  in  frontal  region  ;  after  getting  up,  aching  over  cyes^  but 
soon  going  off,  and  only  recurring  slightly  at  intervals  during  forenoon* 
22nd,  30  dr.  Soon  afterwards  nausea,  accumulation  of  saliva  in  mouth  j 
burning  pain  in  stomach  (only  for  a  short  time),  belching  of  flatus  j 
abdomen  heavy  and  distended.  23rd,  30  dn  Forenoon,  abdomen 
distended  ;  burning  in  anus.  24th,  30  dr.  Soon  afterwards  distension 
of  abdomen;  after  2  h.  severe  burning,  twisting  pain  in  stomach; 
great  thirst  ;  after  drinking  Vistula  water,  disagreeable  saltish  taste  for 
some  time  ;  noon,  while  walking,  profuse  perspiration,  especially  on  face, 
25th,  30  dr.  At  intervals  during  forenoon,  burning  and  pressure  in 
stomach  J  drawing  in  muscles  of  faccj  great  thirst,  desire  for  wine. 
At  2  p.m.,  burning  on  anterior  surface  of  r.  shinbone.  26th,  30  dr. 
Soon  afterwards  sore  feeling  in  all  pectoral  muscles,  which  are  sensitive 
to  touch  ;  burning  in  anus  after  normal  stool  j  dry  cough  occasionally  ; 
slight  drawing  pain  in  hips  and  gluteal  region  ;  afternoon,  when  step- 
ping, pain  in  two  toes  L  foot.  27th,  30  dr.  After  \  h.  pressive  pain 
in  stomach,  weight  in  abdomen ;  constricted  feeling  in  chest ;  heavy 
sensation  in  scapulse  ;  nausea,  eructations  tasting  of  B.  28th,  30  dr* 
Soon  afterwards  general  uneasiness  and  lassitude ;  abdomen  distended  ; 
much  flatus  discharged  ;  irritable  mood  j  no  appetite  for  breakfast ;  slight 
drawing  pain  in  r.  arm ;  breathing  somewhat  oppressed ;  drawing  between 
shoulders.  After  r  h.  pressive  pain  in  difl:erent  parts  of  chest  j  feeling  of 
heaviness  in  lower  extremities  j  constriction  of  anus  ;  depression  of 
spirits  ;  sleepiness ;  hollow  tooth  in  1,  jaw  and  adjoining  gum  sensitive 
to  contact  of  tongue  ;  later,  while  sitting  stitch  through  r,  chest  between 
3rd  and  4th  ribs  ;  flickering  before  r.  eye  after  dinner  and  appearance 
of*)3rismatic  colours  ;  every  object  seemed  thus  tinted  ;  vision  dull  for 
some  time  afterwards  ;  photophobia ;  head  confused.  29th,  30  dr. 
Soon  pressure  as  from  a  stone  in  stomach,  passing  off  with  rumbling 
and  pinching  in  bowels  ;  constriction  of  chest  j  tension  in  pector^Q 
muscles  ;  e.,  while  walking,  unusual  perspiration  ;  breathing  accelerated. 
30th^  30  dr.  In  m.  feeling  of  weight  in  sacral  region  and  pressure  in 
hiemorrhoidal  vessels  ;  pappy  bitter  taste.  July  151,30  dr.  Forenoon, 
feet  somewhat  heavy  ;  slight  drawing  pain  r,  upper  arm  and  r.  thigh  ; 
during  and  after  dinner  ill-humour  without  cause  ;  drawing  pains  in 
lumbar  and  sacral  regions.  3rd>30  dr.  Soon  afterwards  nausea  ;  l^sst* 
tude  and  depression  ;  frequent  eructations  (of  flatus)  ;  drawing  in  chtghs  1 
f forenoon,  stitches  from  back  through  chest;  drawing  pain  in  r.  pectoral 
ujscle  ;  after  dinner  pressure  and  burning  in  stomach.  4th,  30  dr. 
After  i  h.  burning  pain  along  anterior  attachment  of  diaphragm  for  I 
h.  ;  lassitude  j  distension  and  tightness  of  abdomen  ;  burning  in  anus  5 
dry  congh.  5th,  30  dr.  Soon  afterwards  uneasiness  in  stomach  ; 
accumulation  of  saliva  in  mouth  ;  constriction  of  lower  half  of  chest  i 
frequent  sighing  ;  slight  drawing  pains  in  L  hip  j  after  dinner  severe 
aching  in   hremorrhoids.     6th,   30  dr.     No  symptoms.     7th,  40  dr. 


BRYONIA.  639 

Towards  noon  urging  pressure  in  rectum  (without  stool)  ;  slight  drawing 
pain  in  middle  of  r.  upper  arm,  also  in  1.  arm  and  I.  side  of  chest.  8th, 
40  dr.  Noon,  little  appetite  ;  after  dinner  abdomen  distended  j  while 
walking  feeling  of  tension  in  thighs  rendering  movement  difficult  ;  pres- 
sive  burning  pain  in  stomach  ;  exhaustion  of  intellectual  powers ; 
hawking  of  mucus  from  throat.  9th,  40  dr.  Soon  afterwards  drawing 
and  stiffness  in  muscles  of  neck  r.  side  ;  mouth  and  lips  dry  ;  pressure 
and  burning  in  haemorrhoids.  At  11.30,  suddenly,  humming  in  ears. 
1 0th,  40  dr.  After  ^  h.  pressive  pain  in  hip-joints,  worse  from  move- 
ment;  afterwards  pain  in  1.  groin  j  transient  stitches  in  thighs  ;  towards 
noon  pressive  pain  in  cardiac  region  ;  after  dinner  great  distension  of 
abdomen;  confusion  of  head  ;  thirst;  pappy  taste,  nth,  40  dr. 
Forenoon,  tension  in  back  and  sacral  region  ;  slight  pressure  in  htcmor- 
rhoids.  12th,  40  dr.  Soon  afterwards  tearing  and  drawing  in  both 
legs,  especially  r.  knee,  which  is  painful  to  touch  ;  bruised  sensation  in 
2nd  rib,  r.  side,  to  sternum.  After  i  h.  sickness  ;  general  uneasiness 
and  lassitude.  Afternoon,  tension  and  pain  in  r.  knee,  so  severe  in  e.  that 
he  could  scarcely  walk,  inner  side  of  knee  tender  to  touch.  13th,  40 
dr.  Again  pain  in  r.  knee  ;  tension  in  pectoral  muscles ;  breathing 
sometimes  heavy;  eructations.  J 4th,  40  dr.  Frequent  hawking  of 
thick  mucus ;  pappy  taste  ;  drawing  in  sacral  region  ;  tension  in  r. 
thigh;  slight  drawing  between  shoulders,  more  towards  r.  15th,  45 
dr.  Immediately  nausea  ;  accumulation  of  saliva  in  mouth  ;  after  2 
h.  stitches  as  from  needle  piercing  to  the  bone  in  1.  upper  arm,  r.  thigh  ; 
breathing  oppressed  and  quickened  ;  frequent  hawking  of  thick  mucus  ; 
abdomen  distended  ;  scalp  as  if  over-stretched  and  sensitive  ;  general 
uneasiness  ;  no  appetite  ;  sleepy.  17th,  50  dr.  Peculiar  piercing  pain 
in  r.  side  ;  hawking  of  thick  mucus.  i8th,  50  dr.  After  dinner  pres- 
sure in  haemorrhoidal  vessels;  distension  of  abdomen;  heartburn. 
20th,  50  dr.  Pressive  pain  in  lower  chest  backwards  ;  oppression  of  chest 
while  walking  ;  weary  aching  of  legs  ;  burning  in  stomach  ;  fine  stitches 
over  r.  eye  ;  pain  in  1.  ankle  while  sitting  ;  after  dinner  fluid  stool, 
followed  by  pain  in  sacral  region.  21st,  50  dr.  Only  slight  reminis- 
cences of  previous  symptoms.  22nd,  50  dr.  Hard  stool,  followed  by 
drawing  and  heaviness  in  sacral  region  ;  powerless  feeling  in  1.  shoulder, 
hindering  movement  of  arm  ;  heartburn.  E.,  while  out  sensitive  pres- 
sive pains  around  r.  eye  ;  pressive  feeling  in  lower  ribs  r.  side ;  burning 
in  haemorrhoidal  vessels;  confused  feeling  in  head,  beginning  in 
temples ;  drawing  in  occiput  and  nape.  23rd,  50  dr.  Immediately 
retching;  tensive  pain  in  r.  shoulder;  during  whole  d.  ill-humoured, 
irritable,  anxious  ;  urine  diminished  in  quantity.  24th,  50  dr.  Soon 
afterwards  feeling  of  constriction  in  chest  (upper  half) ;  tensive  pain  in 
r.  axilla ;  heaviness  and  tension  in  r.  thigh  ;  burning  in  abdomen ; 
irritable,  restless,  discontented  with  everything.  Afternoon,  weakness 
of  stomach,  slight  retching  ;  discharge  of  flatus.  25th,  50  dr.  During 
n.  discharge  of  mucus  from  anus.  Forenoon,  slight  pressure  in  stomach  ; 
disagreeable  taste ;  constricted  feeling  in  chest ;  drawing  between 
shoulders.  26th,  50  dr.  Soon  afterwards  weight  in  hypogastrium. 
27th. — Without  medicine,  redness  and  swelling  of  upper  lip  for  i  h. 
28th,  50  dr.     Discharges  of  noisy  flatus  ;  for  i  h.  constricted  feeling  in 


640 


BRYONIA. 


chest  (upper  half)  i  hawking  of  thick  mucus  ;  drawing  pains  in  tendons 

(various  parts  of  body)  ;  pressivc  pain  in  cardiac  region  ;  vertigo,  E., 
pressive  stupefying  headache  j  pappy  taste  ^  ill-humour.  29th,  50  dr. 
Awoke  with  headache^  especially  over  L  eye  j  after  getting  up  headache 
moved  to  parietal  and  occipital  regions  and  then  ceased  »  nervous  irri- 
tability i  pectoral  muscles  and  thoracic  walls  so  sensitive  as  to  ioipede 
deep  inspiration  j  drawing  in  muscles ;  soreness  in  cardiac  region  ; 
mouth  dry  i  insatiable  thirst.  30th^  50  dr.  Soon  afterwards  slight 
shooting  pain  r.  side  of  sternum  extending  even  to  umbilicus,  much 
aggravated  by  sneezing  ;  pappy  taste  j  urine  scanty  ;  irritability.  E., 
transient  oppression  of  chest  with  slight  drawing  pains  in  thoracic  wails, 
[IbUL) 

16.  Gar  AY,  zet,  33,  sanguine  temperament,  of  strong  constitution^ 
began  proving  on  June  6th,  by  taking  10  dr.  of  tinct,  in  m,  (fksting). 
Immediately  afterwards  dull  pain  (transitory)  in  r.  temple;  t  h.  later 
throbbing  pain  on  small  spot  between  lOth  and  i  ith  ribs  r.  side  i  throb- 
bing drawing  pain  in  lower  r.  incisor  teeth  and  two  middle  upper  incisors  j 
later  similar  pain  in  last  upper  molar  r.  side  ;  pains  in  upper  arm,  wrists, 
thumbs,  shins,  and  ankles,  lasting  all  d,  on  r.  side,  transient  on  L  side. 
About  4  p.m.,  while  indoors,  shivering,  general  aching  in  limbs  arid 
lassitude,  as  if  he  had  had  a  chill  \  pains  \i\  r.  lumbar  region.  Before 
midnight  nausea,  unusual  quantity  of  bright  yellow  urine  p^issed  every 
\  h,  i  after  midnight  exciting  dreams.  On  2nd  and  3rd  d,  after 
taking  the  medicine,  recurrence  of  pains  in  r.  ankle  and  great  toe  i 
also  the  frequent  urination.  June  loth,  at  8  a.m.,  fasting,  30  dr. 
Towards  5  p,m.  drawing  pain  in  two  r.  upper  molar  teeth  \  later  slight 
crampy  sensation  in  region  of  heart  with  quickened  pulsation.  At  10 
a.m.  next  d.,  suddenly  drawing  throbbing  pain  in  r.  parietal  protrubcr- 
ance,  relieved  by  pressure.  E.,  pains  in  limbs  and  teeth  ;  drawing  pains 
in  com  on  L  toe.  Sexual  desire  excited  \  seminal  emission  during  n^ 
erections  almost  painful  m.  12th.- — Throbbing,  drawing  pains  in  parietal 
region  extending  to  forehead  ;  hawking  of  saltish  mucus  from  throat  j 
pains  in  nape  on  movement  \  pains  in  joints  of  hand  and  thumb.  15th. 
Drawing,  rheumatic  pains  in  dilFerent  parts  of  body,  especially  at  inser> 
tjon  of  1.  patellar  ligament,  anterior  surface  of  thigh  and  nape  ;  during 
n,  strong  erection  and  seminal  emission,  repeated  in  m.  15th  (5  d, 
after  taking  medicine). — At  noon  severe  shooting  pain  for  i  h.  lit  r» 
external  auditory  meatus,  June  19th,  at  10  p.m.^  90  dr.  For  2  d. 
following  no  particular  symptoms,  21st. — Distinct  pain  in  limbs;  slight 
drawing  squeezing  pain  in  r,  supra-orbital  region,  with  intense  itching 
of  eyelid  ;  stitches  on  small  spot  (dorsal)  between  nth  and  12th  ribs  » 
drawing  and  shooting  in  1.  knee,  calf,  and  shin,  and  between  shoulders 
on  moving  the  body,  23rd.— Shooting  pressive  pain  in  r,  supra-orbital 
region,  with  feeling  of  weight  in  eye  and  itching  of  eyelid  ;  shooting 
pain  in  ears  i  crampy  sensation  in  cardiac  region  \  slight  pinching  in 
abdomen  ;  accumulation  of  mucus  in  posterior  nares,  difficult  to  detach* 
2+th — Pains  in  shiJi  and  knee  only  when  walking;  pinching  in  abdomen; 
stitches  in  r.  spermatic  cord.  July  ist, — Took5iss  of  tinct.  Immediately 
drawing  pains  in  thumbs  and  toes ;  accumulation  of  mucus  in  posterior 
nares  and  throat ;  scraping  sensation  in  throat ;  at  intervals  tension  ol' 


BRYONIA.  641 

skin  on  chin  and  inner  side  of  1.  thigh  from  groin  to  knee.  2nd  and 
3rd. — No  symptoms.  4th. — Took  (fasting)  at  8  a.m.  i  oz.  tinct. ;  soon 
afterwards  tired  feeling  in  limbs.  6th,  noon,  momentary  drawing  pain 
in  r.  great  toe  and  dorsum  of  foot,  extending  to  shin  ;  similar  pain  in 
1.  forearm.  7th. — Drawing  pains  in  thighs ;  shooting  pain  between  nth 
and  1 2th  ribs  r.  side.  8th  and  9th. — Crampy  sensation  in  cardiac  region  ; 
drawing  pains  in  different  parts  of  body,  especially  great  toes  and  nape. 
Some  B.  effects  still  appeared  from  time  to  time,  and  towards  end  of 
month  (July)  there  was  hawking  of  foul  mucus  (containing  cheesy 
lumps)  from  throat ;  feeling  in  r.  elbow  as  if  broken  and  powerless, 
pain  extending  to  shoulder  ;  similar  pain  in  thigh.  For  5  d.  drawing 
pain  in  1.  hip,  shooting  through  the  joint  at  each  step,  relieved  by 
pressure  on  the  part.  Severe  painful  stitches  in  rectum  ;  drawing  pres- 
sive  pain  in  1.  foot  hindering  movement.  For  several  d.  severe  shooting 
pain  from  3rd  or  4th  lumbar  vertebra  towards  both  sides  of  chest, 
aggravated  by  deep  inspiration  ;  severe  itching  and  burning  in  anus. 
The  B.  symptoms  (especially  pains  in  feet)  continued  for  some  weeks. 

17.  a.  Dr.  WiJRSTEL  took  (from  June  3rd  to  12th)  50  to  100 
dr.  6th  and  3rd  dil.  B.  dioica  ;  no  particular  symptoms  except  rumbling 
in  abdomen,  and  aphthous  eruption  on  point  of  tongue  for  2  d. 

b.  W —  took  on  June  1 7th  20  dr.  of  tinct.  Soon  afterwards  empty 
feeling  in  stomach,  and  towards  noon  frequent  eructations  of  flatus ; 
confusion  of  head.  19th,  20  dr.  Frequent  rumbling  in  bowels  and 
urging  to  stool ;  soft  motion.  2ist,  30  dr.  During  forenoon  several 
attacks  of  vertigo ;  while  reading  suddenly  seemed  to  lose  power  of 
thinking.  24th,  30  dr.  Vertigo  repeatedly  ;  pressive  headache  from 
temples  towards  forehead ;  rumbling  in  abdomen.  26th,  40  dr. 
Scraping  sensation  in  throat  as  if  constricted.  Afternoon  for  J  h.  sudden 
pain  in  ball  of  great  toe  preventing  extension.  28th,  50  dr.  Rumbling 
in  abdomen,  empty  sinking  of  stomach.  29th. — Without  medicine. 
Severe  tearing  pain  in  back  (1.  side),  and  towards  e.  toothache. 

c.  July  22nd,  50  dr.  of  tinct.  Soon  afterwards,  empty  eructations  ; 
towards  noon  sense  of  great  emptiness  in  stomach  ;  distended  feeling  in 
whole  abdomen  after  midday  meal,  lasting  until  e.  j  sleep  disturbed  by 
anxious  dreams.  23rd. — Without  medicine.  Towards  noon  empty  feel- 
ing in  stomach  and  rumbling  in  bowels,  soft  stool  j  after  eating  great  dis- 
tension of  abdomen.  24th  and  2Sth. — Without  medicine.  Still  dis- 
tension of  abdomen  and  rumbling  in  bowels,  but  less  than  during  last  2 
d.  26th,  46  dr.  Forenoon,  head  confused  with  pressive  pain  in 
temple.  Towards  noon,  empty  eructations  and  head  lighter  j  appetite 
defective  ;  distension  of  abdomen  after  eating,  relieved  by  discharges  of 
flatus  ;  tearing  pain  in  r.  axilla,  knees,  and  toes.  27th,  28th,  and  29th. — 
Without  medicine.  Distension  after  eating,  rumbling  in  bowels.  30th, 
40  dr.  Forenoon,  digging  pain  in  hollow  teeth  ;  great  tightness  and 
distension  of  stomach  and  bowels  relieved  by  discharges  of  offensive 
flatus.  Aug.  3rd,  40  dr.  Noon,  defective  appetite.  Afternoon,  and 
especially  e.,  great  fulness  of  abdomen  as  from  incarcerated  flatus  ; 
sudden  shooting  pains  from  temples  to  forehead  j  tearing  pain  in  teeth 
Lsidej  frequent  urination.  4th.— Without  medicine.  During  n.  disten- 

41 


642 


BRYONIA. 


sion  of  bowels  relieved  by  discharging  large  quantity  of  offensive  flatus  i 
rumbling  in  bowels  i  soft  stool  ;  empty  feeling  in  stomach.  5th  and 
6th. — Without  medicine.  Bowels  constipated  ;  distension  of  abdomen. 
On  7th  and  loth,  40  dr.  Former  symptoms  reappeared  i  frequent 
tearings  in  various  parts  oi  body,  especially  in  toes  and  r,  axilla^  with 
feeling  of  heaviness  on  movement.  Toes  of  1.  foot  became  very  sensi- 
tive, and  there  were  frequent  jerkings  therein, 

d.  Oct.  and,  20  dr.  of  tinct.  Raw  feeling  in  throat ;  uneasy  as  if 
about  to  vomit  ;  tension  of  abdomen  relieved  by  walking  ;  weight  in 
head.  8th,  25  dr.  After  |  h,  empty  eructations  ;  feeling  of  weight  in 
middle  of  chest  as  if  breathing  were  impeded  j  sweet  taste  ;  constipation  j 
tensive  pain  in  K  thigh  and  hip ;  powerless  feeling  in  htp-joints  when 
rising  from  chair,  but  going  off  after  walking.  9th,  25  dr.  Hard 
stoop;  drawing  pains  in  both  hip-joints  and  r.  shoulder  ;  abdomen  dis- 
tended ^  immobility  of  r.  ankle  (on  waking).  I2th,  30  dr.  Empty 
eructations  ;  drawing  pains  in  feet  j  irritable  mood.  1 6th,  30  dr. 
During  forenoon  discharges  of  flatus.  Towards  e.  drawing  tearing  pain 
in  upper  and  lower  jaw  K  side  (toothache)  ^  alternating  drawing  in 
knees,  hip-joints  and  1.  axilla.  17th. — Without  medicine.  Hard  stool  ; 
abdomen  distended  ;  frequent  yawning ;  occasional  drawing  pains  in 
limbs  and  joints*  i8th,30dr.  Empty  eructations  ;  hard  stool.  19th, 
50  dr.  Head  confused,  relieved  by  walking  in  open  air  ;  slight  drawing 
pains  hips  and  knees,  20th  and  21st. — Without  medicine.  Hard  stool 
passed  with  great  exertion  j  lightness  and  distension  of  abdomen,  espe- 
cially after  meals*  These  and  the  tearing  and  gnawing  pains  continued  j 
for  some  weeks  v  and  it  was  months  before  the  melancholic  disposition 
engendered  by  the  drug  finally  left  him.     (Ihid.) 

i8.  a,  Aloys  Loewv,  dentist,  act.  28,  sanguine  temperament ;  had 
the  usual  ailments  of  childhood,  and  in  his  15th  year  suffered  from 
plcuritis  ;  since  then  was  subject  to  intermittent  fever  for  several  years. 
From  19  to  26  his  health  was  good  ;  during  his  27th  year  suffered 
from  an  attack  of  jaundice  (lasting  6  weeks)  after  mental  anxiety*  On 
May  26ih,  1844,  L —  took  60  dr.  tinct.  B.  dioica  j  on  28th,  80  dr.  \  on 
30th,  90  dr., — without  any  effects.  June  3rd,  at  10  a.m.,  1 20  dr. 
Immediately  constrictive  pain  in  region  of  stomach  as  if  that  organ  were 
rolled  up. into  a  ball ;  pain  relieved  after  J  h.  by  lying  and  drawing  legs 
up  against  abdomen  ;  afterwards  severe  oppressive  pain  in  1.  half  of 
chest,  as  if  1.  lobe  of  lung  were  enlarged,  impeding  respiration.  Lying 
in  bed  with  ordinary  covering  soon  began  to  perspire,  and  fell  asleep. 
On  waking  pain  in  chest  was  decidedly  less  severe.  On  getting  up 
and  exerting  himself,  felt  so  giddy  that  he  was  obliged  to  sit  down  ; 
vertigo  continued  for  a  long  time  while  sitting.  After  taking  warm 
soup,  had  bitter  eructations  and  vomiting  of  yellowish-green  liquid^  by 
which  relief  was  obtained.  Pain  in  chest  till  e.  Felt  weak  and  tired^l 
and  while  walking  frequent  vertigo  relieved  by  sitting  down.  During 
n.  frequently  awakened  by  dreams.  On  following  d.  no  discomfort 
except  confusion  of  head  and  bitter  taste ;  easily  tired,  especially  going 
upstairs.  Afternoon,  on  waking  from  siesta,  constrictive  pain  in 
frontal  region  and  heaviness  of  head,  relieved  after  i  h.  by  bathing  with 
cold   water.     During  n.    (from   June  4th    to  5th J  disturbed  by    un- 


BRYONIA.  643 

pleasant  dreams  and  frequent  urination ;  white  sediment  in  urine  ; 
eyelids  agglutinated.  7th. — Took  at  9.30  a.m.  130  dr.  At  1 1  a.m.  con- 
strictive pain  in  region  of  stomach ;  griping  in  bowels.  Between  i 
and  2  p.m.,  pressive  pain  in  chest ;  grumbling  in  bowels  followed  by 
three  loose  motions  without  relief  of  pain.  On  following  d.  pressive 
pain  in  chest  (but  less  severe) ;  rumbling  in  bowels  and  urging  to 
stool. 

b.  June  22nd. — Took  at  9.30  a.m.  215  dr.  of  the  freshly  expressed 
juice  of  B.  alba  in  ^  glass  of  water.  Immediately  violent  retching  and 
vomiting  of  bitter  thickish  fluid ;  bitter  taste  and  nausea  ceased  after 
frequent  drinking  of  cold  water ;  constrictive  pain  in  region  of  stomach 
extending  to  the  chest;  pain  became  so  severe  towards  e.  that  he 
could  scarcely  stand  erect ;  pain  relieved  by  diligent  rubbing  of  epigas- 
tric region ;  loud  rumbling  in  bowels  and  urging  to  stool ;  yellowish, 
very  ofiensive  motions  during  night  (22nd  to  23rd),  nearly  every  h. 
until  3  a.m.,  when  he  fell  asleep,  but  was  several  times  disturbed  by 
action  of  bowels ;  burning  in  rectum  after  each  evacuation.  23rd. 
— General  prostration  ;  head  confused  and  giddy  ;  painful  pressure  in 
eyes,  especially  r. ;  eyelids  reddened  and  swollen  ;  pappy  taste  ;  desire 
for  acids ;  frequent  stitches  in  1.  chest ;  epigastric  region  sensitive  even 
to  pressure  of  clothing.  Afternoon,  tensive  pain  in  sacral  and  lumbar 
regions,  obliging  him  to  stoop  while  walking ;  slight  pyrexia.  N.  of 
23rd — 24th,  restless,  awakened  frequently  by  exciting  dreams  and  by 
involuntary  movements  of  limbs  which  caused  severe  pain  ;  unable  to 
stretch  owing  to  severe  pain  in  sacral  region ;  pain  aggravated  by 
movement,  relieved  by  bending  forwards  while  sitting.  Next  m.  felt 
so  tired  that  he  could  scarcely  leave  bed ;  great  difficulty  in  walking 
and  especially  going  upstairs  \  severe  pain  in  sacral  region  and  loins 
extending  up  spine,  and  also  towards  thighs,  pain  aggravated  by  raising 
or  extending  thighs,  and  especially  by  standing  erect,  relieved  by  lying 
with  the  thighs  drawn  up ;  increased  secretion  of  yellowish-red  urine  \ 
slight  pyrexia,  pulse  full  and  hard.  After  warm  drinks,  perspiration, 
which  brought  relief.  The  following  n.  very  restless  ;  head  confused 
in  m. ;  mist  appeared  before  eyes ;  burning  in  r.  eyelids  ;  clayey  taste 
in  mouth ;  moderate  thirst ;  loss  of  appetite  \  slight  feeling  of  con- 
striction in  chest ;  region  of  stomach  sensitive  ;  rumbling  in  abdomen  ; 
watery  oflFensive  stool ;  sacral  region  still  tender  on  pressure,  but  less 
painful ;  tired  feeling  in  lower  extremities.     {Ibid.) 

19.  Dr.  Otto  Fiper  took  drop  doses  of  tinct.  (up  to  8  dr.) 
without  effect.  After  10  dr.  slight  rawness  of  throat.  The  dose  was 
now  gradually  increased  to  60  dr.,  and  the  symptoms  induced  are  thus 
recorded,  probably  in  order  of  occurrence  : — Slight  cough  with  feeling 
of  rawness  and  swelling  of  throat  and  windpipe  (m.)  ;  mucous  expec- 
toration ;  sweet  taste ;  rheumatic  pains  in  both  shoulders  and  I.  knee ; 
pressive  pain  in  1.  inguinal  region  ;  copious  light-coloured  urine ;  severe 
burning  on  inner  side  of  thigh  (towards  e.)  After  60  dr., — severe 
oppression  in  chest ;  frequent  yawning ;  loss  of  voice  (occasional) ; 
dry  cough  with  shooting  pain  under  sternum  \  cramp  of  plantar 
inuscies  (during  n.)  ;  pain  in  1.  knee,  aggravated  by  movement ;  feeling 
of  heat  in  knee,  which  is  also  externally  sensitive  ;  copious  secretion  of 


644 


BRYONIA. 


urine  (clear  or  cloudy).  After  nearly  200  dr., — severe  pain  in  knee  ; 
sudden  momentary  vertigo  (towards  noon),  followed  by  bleeding  from 
r,  nostril ;  redness  of  knee-joints,  and  formation  there  of  vesicles  and 
crusts.     On  9th  d,  after  taking  dose,  all  symptoms  had  disappeajned. 

20.  A  friend  of  Piper's  began  with  i  dr.,  increasing  dose  daily  up 
to  70  dr.  The  symptoms  (probably  in  order  of  occurrence)  are  as 
follows  : — Nausea  immediately  afterf taking  dose  ;  four  stools  daily,  softer 
than  usual,  thereafter  constipation  for  several  d. ;  copious  secretion  of 
clear  urine  ;  frequent  urination  at  n.  ;  pressive  pain  in  inguinal  region 
when  sitting;  dry  cough  and  catarrh;  yawning  whole  d.  j  severe 
pressive  pain  in  knee  ;  excoriation  of  knee-joints  during  entire  proving 
(more  than  a  week).     {J hid.) 

21.  Feb.  20th,  7  a.m.,  20  dr.  tincture.  Nosymptomsto-day  or  21st, 
—  22nd, 8  a.m.,when  sitting  aching  pain  in  whole  I,  lower extrcmity,espc- 
ciallyin  leg  and  ankle-joint,  must  move  foot,  lasts  till  ro  a.m.,  is  relieved 
by  walking  and  goes  off*  3  p.m.,  same  pains  in  r,  knee  and  leg  (had  m 
similar  pain  in  1.  leg  for  some  days  before  proving  Bry,),  At  noon  when 
walking  an  aching  pain  all  round  chest  recurring  after  a  few  m. — 25th, 
40  dr.  In  e*  when  sitting  the  above  bruised  pain  in  1.  leg  for  a  short  time. 
— 26th,  9  a.m.,  50  dr.  \Vhen  sitting  bruised  pain  in  knees,  legs,  arms,  and 
several  joints  of  fingers  and  toes  ;  tearing  in  head  r.  and  1.  j  pressure  in 
r.  side  of  chest  ;  pains  all  transient  and  not  severe,  7  p.m,,when  sitting 
sudden  scraping  in  larynx  and  dry  cough  several  times,  j  i  p.m.,  when 
sitting  pressive  pain  in  I,  intercostal  muscles. — March  5th,  7  a.m.,  60 
dr.  10  a.m.,  slight  drawing  in  1.  elbow,  E.,  great  bruised  feeling  in 
lower  extremities. — 6th,  m,,  pressure  and  drawing  in  r.  forearm,  later 
in  I.  hand  and  fingers  of  r.  hand.     (Lembke,  A^.  Z./,  A.  KL^  iv,  75.) 

22.  In  good  health  save  for  a  slight  chronic  eczema  and  liability  to 
nettlerash  on  hands  when  chilled.  Aug,  1st,  1863,  at  3.40  p.m.,  pulse 
94  (1  h.  after  dinner),  took  30  dr.  of  tinct.  At  4.15,  pulse  92  ;  4.40^ 
87  ;  5.40,  82  i  7.33,  74,  much  weaker  and  more  compressible.  After 
supper  (at  7),  at  9.40  p.m.,  pulse  75,  fuller  and  stronger.  On  3rd  and 
8th  took  40  and  50  dr.  respectively,  with  little  effect  on  pulse  ;  but 
always  after  taking  medicine  felt  light,  vigorous,  and  active  (**  supple  "), 
On  I3ih,  pain  above  and  behind  L  ear.  On  14th,  before  rising,  sore 
feeling  about  middle  of  tarsal  bone  of  1.  great  toe  j  on  walking  after 
breakfest  foot  became  so  painful  there  that  he  could  hardly  proceed, 
getring  worse  as  he  went  on  ;  ligaments  felt  sprained.  Pain  went  off 
while  at  rest  with  pleasant  sense  of  burning  (as  in  an  injured  part  when 
it  "  stops  hurting"),  but  returned,  slightly  also  in  r,  toe,  on  walking, 
and  again  less  severely  at  n.  15th,  2  p.m.,  pain  quite  severe,  fccTs 
now  more  like  a  bruise,  has  extended  last  h.  higher  up  ;  there  is  tender- 
ness from  an  inch  above  joint  of  big  toe  to  bend  of  ankle.  16th. — 
Foot  to-day  pains  only  on  walking,  on  treading  with  1.  foot  great  toe* 
joint  feeling  as  if  giving  way  or  spreading  apart.  On  17th  pain  had 
extended  into  tarso- metatarsal  joints  of  all  toes  save  little  one.  On 
i8th,  pain  much  worse,  constant,  but  worse  on  walking,  twice  felt  in  1. 
knee  ;  easier  towards  e.  19th, — Easier,  For  several  d.  skin  over  tarsal 
bone  of  great  toe  has  been  swollen  and  inflamed  j  this  m.  hardly  at  all 


BRYONIA.  Us 

so.  Soreness  seems  to  be  in  sheath  of  tendon,  periosteum,  and  liganiensw 
There  docs  not  appear  to  be  that  swelling  of  joints,  st:£iess,  iZii  crsai 
of  motion  which  charactenses  rheumansm  ;  but  morion  alwavs  increases 
pain.  Joint  continued  tender  and  weak  for  some  rime  ;  with  occasf-or-a! 
pain  sometimes  extending  along  metatarsal  bone.  On  ibzh^  there  was 
still  much  soreness  over  this  bone,  and  also  sweliir.g,  redness,  and 
great  engorgement  of  veins  there,  so  that  be  took  hamamelis.  It  was 
not  till  £pL  25th  that  symptoms  entirely  passed  off,  !ast  beinz  swelling 
and  tenderness  high  up  on  instep.  [Elias  C.  Paige,  ^LI).,  .f<vr. 
Oh.y  Sept.,  1874.) 

23.  Dr.  T.  DwiGHT  Stow  took,  Dec  7th,  1869,  at  8  p.m^  15  dr. 
of  ix  dil.  During  first  \  h.  noise  in  1.  ear  as  of  water  pouring  over  a 
dam  ;  heat  in  pit  of  stomach,  worse  on  cii-ery  inspsrarion  ;  sense  of 
fulness  and  stuffing  throughout  chest,  with  constant  dcspofition  to  s:^ 
deeply  ;  sensible  beating  at  venex,  and  same  with  fulness  in  cerebellum  ; 
dryness  of  pharynx,  with  smaning.  From  8.30  to  13  sharp  pain  in  I. 
occipital  protuberance,  coming  and  going  constantly  ;  dryness  of  tongue 
with  sensation  of  prominent  papillae  and  fine  pricking  in  anterior  3rd  ; 
sensation  as  of  small  body  lodged  about  glottis,  constant  disposition  to 
swallow,  with  sharp  stinging  pain  externallr  r.),on  line  with  promon- 
tory of  larynx  ;  coryza  from  r.  nostril ;  slight  crampy  cutting  pains, 
with  heat,  in  r.  hypogastrium,  increased  by  evenr  inspiration  ;  creeping 
chilliness  in  back,  from  above  downward.  From  10  till  12  roaring 
noise  in  r.  ear  ;  slight  pleuritic  pain  in  both  sides  of  chest,  increased  by 
inspiration  ;  rheumatic  pain  in  muscles  of  r.  sacro-iliac  region,  in  r. 
deltoid,  1.  trapezius,  at  and  between  inferior  angles  of  scapulz  ;  slight 
vertigo  on  raising  or  bending  forward  head ;  increase  of  pain  under 
vertex,  with  soreness  there  as  if  bruised  ;  frequent  emissions  of  flatus, 
preceded  by  dull  griping  and  cutting  in  bowels  ;  constant  sensation  as 
though  he  must  go  to  stool,  seemingly  a  sense  of  pressure,  heat,  weight, 
and  powerlessness  of  sphincter. ani  and  rectum.  Slept  soundly,  with 
pleasant  dreams  ;  at  6  a.m.,  sense  of  plug  in  anus ;  at  9  a.m.,  pulse 
full  and  large,  but  not  very  quick ;  slight  colic  on  rising  and  through 
forenoon ;  urine  rather  scanty  and  red ;  dry,  parched  stools,  with 
efibrt ;  tongue  thinly  coated  yellow,  with  sunken  centre,  dry  tip,  and 
enlarged  filiform  papillae.  9th. — Dull  aching  in  lumbar  muscles ;  all 
d.  feeling  as  though  diarrhoea  would  come  on,  and  constant  discharge 
of  flatus ;  dizziness  on  turnine  head  ;  intense  craving  for  oysters  and 
strong  coflfee  ;  aching,  cramp-like,  and  bruised  pains  in  r.  trochanteric 
and  gluteal  region,  worse  at  every  motion  ;  stools  dry,  large,  hard,  and 
very  dark.  lOth. — Still  lame  and  bruised  feeling  in  r.  hip  ;  tongue  and 
stool  same  ;  slight  coiyzaofl.  nostril.  12th  and  13th. — Stools  still  dry, 
large  and  hard,  requiring  much  straining  ;  laziness  and  indisposition 
for  work  j  great  sense  of  insecurity  with  mental  depression  and  appre- 
hension of  future  J  head  feels  light  (although  there  is  weight  on  vertex), 
with  constant  wabbling  in  both  ears  ;  thirst  for  very  cold  water.  ( Hahn. 
Monthly^  v,  359.) 

24.  At  5.45  p.m.,  health  good,  pulse  65,  took  10  dr.  2x  in  \  oz.of 
water.  5.50,  dull  ache  in  lumbar  region  followed  by  aching  in  r.  foot 
and  elbow.     5.52,  pain  in  r.  acromion  and  occipital  region.     5.55, 


646 


BRYONIA, 


itching  in  r.  kiice  j  ache  in  back  returns*     5,59,  dull  pain  in  forehead, 
afterwards  in  occiput ;  itching  of  hands,  afterwards  of  fecc.     6,  head- 
ache in  r.  temple,  afterwards  in  1. ;  pinching  in  bowels,  relieved  by  dis- 
charge of  flatus.     6.2,  itching  in   r.  inner  canthus,  rubbing  aggravaieSi 
and  causes  lachrymation  that  continues.     6.5,  eructations  repeated,  with 
salivation;  rumbh'ng  in  bowels.     6.10,  dull  ache   in   chest,  pain  in  r. 
ulnar  nerve.     6.15,  pain  in  chest  returns,  dull  headache.     6.20,  sharp 
pain  in  r.  foot  and  toes  when  walking  ;  slight  cough.     6.25,  sharp  paiw 
in  teeth  ;  pain  and   rumbling  in   bowels,     6.30,  pain  in  chest  returns, 
with  headache;  itching  of  chest  walls.     7.10,  pains  in  r.  ankle  ;  slight 
headache  with  nausea  5  cold  feet.     7.55,  painless  hoarseness  ;  pulsating 
headache.     8,  hearty  supper  relieved   weariness  ;  headache  increased. 
8.30,  much  flatus  and  eructations  ;  occasional  cough  and  chilliness  when 
moving.     9,  chiHiness    increased  ;  pulse   normal  ;  dull    backache  and 
languor  returns  ;  respiration  oppressed  and  shurt  from  fulness  of  abdo- 
men.     9*15,  felt  very  tired  and   weak  without  cause;  dull  headache. 
9.30,  aching  in  every  joint,  pulse   90,  thirst,  pulsating  headache  on 
retiring,  feet  are  swollen  and  damp,  old  bruises  very  sore  ;  scant  urine  ; 
waked  at  midnight  with  frightful  dreams  and  crick  in  back  ,  a  sour 
stomach  and   much  itching  kept  me  awake   for  some  time,     2nd  d., 
pulsating  pains  in  head  all  d.,  much  lassitude,  and  rheumatic  ache  in 
back  and  limbs  aggravated  by  exercise.     (A.   W.  Woodward,  M.D., 
coFfimunicated,) 

II,  Poisonings, —  K  A  child  had  eaten  of  berries  of  red  bryony  (B. 
dioica).  Mr.  Mason  found  him  apparently  in  great  pain  in  abdomen, 
very  thirsty,  hot,  and  excited  ;  emetics  were  given,  producing  copious 
vomiting  and  free  action  of  bowels.  The  following  d.  pain  had  ceased, 
but  temp,  in  axilla  was  103*^.  A  saline  mixture  was  given,  but  for  the 
next  3  d,  the  temperature  kept  up,  then  gradually  subsiding,  and 
normal  health  returning.  On  first  seeing  case  pulse  was  very  feeble, 
but  after  vomiting  it  increased  in  power  wonderfully,  [Brit*  Mtd^ 
Journ,^  '883,  ii,  1867.) 

2,  A  man  drank  2  glasses  of  infusion  of  B.  root  to  cut  short  an 
intermittent ;  he  was  seized  with  violent  colic  and  diarrhcea,  which 
terminated  fatally.     (Pigl,  Neue  Mag,^  i,  3,  5S70 

3,  1  was  called  to  a  iying-in  woman,  for  whom  her  attendant  had 
prescribed,  to  check  the  secretion  of  milk,  a  tisane  of  30  grms.  of  B, 
root  to  a  litre  of  water,  and  an  enema  of  a  concentrated  decoction. 
On   my  arrival,  4  h.  after  this  had  been   administered,  I   found  the 

■  patient  dead.     On  inspection  of  the  matters   voided    into  the  bed,  I 
fc-ecognistd   the  lining   membrane  of  the  rectum,      [Gazette  d^  Sant^^ 
1816.) 

4,  A  man  macerated  a  quantity  of  B.  root  in  wine  for  3  d*,  and 
drank  it  to  purge  him.  M.  Lepage  found  him  much  prostrated, 
half-lying  on  his  bed,  not  vomiting  now.  Extremities  were  cold,  but 
mind  was  clear ;  he  complained  of  formication  in  limbs.  He  was  said 
to  have  had  convulsive  attacks,  and  one  soon  showed  itself.  It  began 
by  distortion  of  eyes  and  tonic  contractions  of  limbs  ;  then  came  loss 
of  speech,  clonic  spasms,  stiflriess  of  muscles  of  nucha,  opisthotonos, 
thorax    immoveable,   and    epigastric    hollow   very    marked.       Patient 


BRYONIA.  647 

gradually  improved,  and  after  some  hyper-catharsis  became  quite  welK 
{VArt  Medical,  xlviii,  92.)* 

5.  A  man,  act.  63,  had  taken  by  mistake  about  80  dr.  of  the 
homoeopathic  tinct.  of  B.  Two  h.  later,  having  been  quite  calm  and 
comfortable  in  the  interim,  he  felt  an  uncomfortable,  tickling,  warm 
sensation  in  his  throat,  and  then  began  to  vomit.  Within  a  few  m. 
after  the  supervention  of  the  vomiting  he  became  oblivious  of  his  sur- 
roundings, having  a  feeling  as  if  a  piece  of  gauze  had  been  drawn  over 
his  face.  He  then  remembered  nothing  more,  until  he  heard  Dr. 
Dixson  calling  him  by  a  wrong  name  on  his  arrival.  His  pulse  was 
imperceptible  at  the  wrist ;  he  was  drowsy,  livid,  and  covered  with  a 
cold  perspiration.  There  was  no  diarrhoea,  nor  did  he  complain  of 
any  pain.  The  patient  was  decidedly  delirious,  but  could  be  induced 
to  give  some  kind  of  answer  to  a  question.  After  persevering  in  the 
use  of  strong  stimulants,  coffee,  ammonia,  &c.,  with  warmth  to  the 
extremities,  the  patient  recovered  in  about  i^  h.  {Lond,  Med.  Record, 
March  15th,  1886.) 

6.  Bryony,  which  grows  abundantly  in  the  hedges  of  our  eastern 
departments,  is  known  to  the  peasants  by  the  name  of  the  ^^  devil's 
plant."  In  spite  of  this  terrible  surname,  many  of  them  gather  the 
root,  which  they  carefully  preserve  after  having  dried  it  in  the  oven, 
and  which  they  give  empirically  in  the  treatment  of  hernia.  This  is 
not  the  place  to  investigate  as  to  whether  this  popular  belief  is  sensible 
or  absurd.  But  I  shall  always  recollect  that  I  had  the  opportunity  of 
seeing,  in  1847,  ^^  ^  village  of  the  Cote-d'Or,  an  unfortunate  woman, 
50  years  of  s^e,  who,  to  cure  herself  of  a  hernia  to  all  appearances 
incurable,  swallowed  every  day,  for  the  space  of  four  months,  from  10 
to  12  gr.  of  bryony.  Of  all  the  disorders  evidently  produced  by 
this  long  intoxication,  that  which  struck  me  most  was  the  existence  of 
a  pseudo-membranous  catarrh,  which  became  chronic.  ^^  There  is 
some  skin  in  my  expectoration,"  said  the  woman  to  me,  ^I  spit  it 
out  every  morning,  sometimes  in  long  strips,  and  it  comes  ofF  even 
from  my  palate  and  my  throat.^'  This  I  ascertained  to  be  the  case. 
(Teste,  joum.  de  la  Soc.  Gall.,  1,  205.) 

7.  Sept.  20th,  1867,  at  8  a.m.,  I  was  hastily  summoned  to  visit  a 
little  girl,  xt.  3,  who  had  eaten  freely  of  the  berries  of  the  B.  dioica. 
I  attended  immediately,  only  to  find  the  child  in  articulo  mortis.  From 
the  parents  I  learned  that  about  \  h.  after  eating  the  berries  the  child 
became  giddy,  and  during  n.  furious  delirium  supervened ;  pupils 
became  dilated ;  vomiting  incessant,  but  not  accompanied  with  diar- 
rhoea. Nothing  was  done  but  to  give  a  dose  of  castor  oil.  As  m. 
approached  delirium  ceased,  and  the  little  patient  became  comatose, 
with  occasional  subsultus  tendinum.  Parents  then  became  alarmed, 
and  I  was  called  in  only  in  time  to  see  closing  scene.  No  post-mortem 
was  made.     (Goate,  Lancet^  1868,  i,  610.) 

*  Dr.  iMBBRT-GouRBBYRBy  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  Nos.  2,  3,  and  4 
of  B.  poisonings,  mentions  an  occasion,  recorded  by  Neumann  in  his  Ckema  Medica^ 
on  wnich  B.  root»  used  freely  by  mistake  for  another  medicine,  caused  "very 
serious  and  dangerous  symptoms,  as  convulsive  movements,  loss  of  consciousness, 
comatose  conditions,  delirium,  swelling  of  head  and  eyes.**— Eds. 


648 


BRYONIA, 


IIL   Experiments  on  animals. —  i.  a.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Societe 
Medicale  Horn,  de  France,  Dr.  Eugene  Cub  IE  presented  the  tongue, 
trachea,  and  lungs  of  a  rabbit  to  which  he  had  administered  B.   for  8 
months,  at  first  2  dr.  of  tinct.  per  dienty  gradually  advancing  to  250  dr. 
"  You  can  see,^'  he  said,  "that  there  is  formed  a  pseudo- membranous  firm 
tube  which  lines  the  trachea,  and  on  the  one  hand  penetrates  the  and 
and  3rd  ramifications  of  the  bronchix,  on  the  other  lines  the  whole  of 
the  larynx.     Some  false  membranes  existed  also  in  the  mouth,  at  the 
base  of  the  tongue  ;  but  these   not   being  so  strongly  organised    have 
disappeared  in  the  alcohol  \  one  can,  however,  ascertain   the  red   spot 
{polntille)  which  formed  this  point  of  attachment*      It  cannot  be  sup- 
posed that  we  have  to  do  here  with  a  mechanical  action  ;  the  penetra* 
tion  of  an  irritant  liquid  into  the  bronchise  could  not  induce  such  an 
efFect  without  also  producing  a  deep  disorganisation  of  the  tissues  ; 
besides,  the  efFect  commenced  with  the  mouth,     I  add,  that  I  am  able 
to  affirm  that  no  liquid  did  penetrate  the  bronchize,  which  could  easily 
be  proved,  because  of  the  cough  which  results  from  the  introduction  of 
the  smallest  quantity  of  alcohol  ;    I   except,  however,  the  last   3   d., 
during  which  the  animal  had  some  difficulty  in  swallowing,  but  he  alsa 
suffered  from  suffocation.     With  this  exception,  there  was  no  percepti- 
ble phenomenon  to  note  during  the  whole   course  of  experiment,  not 
even  any  distress  in  the  respiration.     This  I  explain  as  follows  : — The 
false  membrane  grew  httle  by  little  and  permitted  the   trachea  to  en- 
large for  the  passage  of  air,  which  I  was  able  to  ascertain  by  autopsy. 
The    trachea   had    acquired  an  abnormal  size,  which  can  no   longer 
be  seen  because  of  the  shrinking  produced  by  immersion  in  the  alcohol. 
The  rabbit  died  in  full  vigour  and  quite  fat,  so  that  I  am  quite  sure  it 
was  a  mere  accident,  the  membranous  tube  having  detached  itself  at  the 
level  of  the  larynx  by  an  effort,  perhaps  the  shock  of  a  cough  brought 
on  by  the  introduction  of  a  drop  of  liquid.     At  any  rate,  I  found   the 
extremity  of  the  tube  free,  and  it  is  probable  that,  being  no  longer  kept 
open  by  adhering  to  the  parietes  of  the  trachea,  it  had  acted  the  part  of 
a  valve,  and  no  longer  allowed  the  air  to  pass;  but  for  this   I  think  I 
should  have  obtained  lesions  still  more  extensive.     Those  which  1  have 
to  report   are;    ist,  slight  congestion    (from  asphyxia)   of  the  lungs, 
which  are  otherwise  sound.     2nd,  almost  complete  emptiness  of  the 
intestines,  rare  in  the  rabbit,  but  which  is  easily  explained,  because  he 
could  not  swallow  for  the  last  three  days.     3rd,  absence  of  inflamma* 
tion  in  the  alimentary  canal  and  also  of  false  membrane  throughout  its 
length,  excepting  the  stomach,  where  it  may  be  questioned  whether  it 
was  not  due  to  local  mechanical  action,     4th,  the  intestines  contain  1 
serous  yellow  liquid.     I  should  state  that  there  was  no  evacuation  before 
the  last  days.     5th,  the  heart  full  of  black  clots  not  at  all  decolorised. 
6th,  no  visible  alteration  in  the  heart.     Several  of  you  seem  astonished 
at  not  seeing  more  marked  lesions  in  the  lungs  and  intestines.     That 
may  have  been  owing  to  the  mode  of  administering  the  substance. 
Thus,  I  gave  tinct.  of  B.  to  two  young  rabbits,  nearly  of  the  same  age, 
at  the  beginning  of  the  experiment.     10  dr.  per  d.  caused   their  death 
in  4  tl  J  a  fact  to  be  noticed  in  proof  of  the  tolerance  one  m.ay  obtain, 
since  in  the  other  case,  by  proceeding  gradually,  I  was  able  to  raise  the 


BRYONIA.  649 

dose  to  250  dr.  Now,  in  these  two  rabbits  the  following  lesions  were 
observed  : — i.  None  in  the  trachea.  2.  The  lungs  on  the  contrary 
were  tinged  in  places  with  a  lively  red,  quite  distinct  from  the  violet 
tinge  of  asphyxia.  Nevertheless,  the  tissue  was  not  sufficiently  affected 
to  have  led  to  hepatisation  ;  but  there  was  evidently  in  those  cases  a 
tendency  to  pathogenetic  localisation  on  the  lungs.  3.  The  heart  was 
full  of  coagulated  blood,  and  three  fourths  of  the  clots  were  destitute  of 
colour  ;  they  must  therefore  have  been  formed  during  life,  and  were  un- 
doubtedly the  cause  of  death."  {Bu/l.  de  la  Soc.  Mid.  Horn,  de 
France^  i,  72.) 

2.  LoEWY  made  experiments,  6  in  number,  upon  rabbits  and  dogs. 

a.  On  May  9th,  at  8  a.m.,  60  dr.  of  tinct.  were  administered  to  a 
rabbit  8  months  old.  It  immediately  afterwards  shook  its  head  vio- 
lently, hiccupped,  and  much  tough  saliva  flowed  from  its  mouth.  An 
h.  later  it  squatted  with  bowed  back  in  a  corner  of  its  hutch.  Its  sides 
began  to  swell  up ;  breathing  and  pulse  were  quickened.  In  this  position 
the  creature  remained  nearly  3  h.,  during  which  time  the  whole  body 
frequently  trembled.  It  could  only  be  driven  from  its  place  with  diffi- 
culty. When  moving  it  dragged  itself  along;  eyes  were  sunken; 
motions  increased,  black  and  watery;  no  appetite.  At  4  p.m.  the 
creature  seemed  more  lively,  ran  about  in  its  hutch,  and  drank  often. 
loth,  forenoon,  except  weakness  and  increased  action  of  the  bowels, 
there  was  nothing  abnormal  to  be  observed  about  the  animal.  It  then 
took  80  dr.  of  tinct.  Similar  phenomena  to  yesterday,  only  the  stools 
more  frequent  and  fluid.  After  several  h.  the  animal  crawled  about  the 
room,  drank  very  often,  and  ate  its  food  greedily,  namely,  apple-parings 
and  oats.  Iith,  m.,  100  dr.  of  freshly  expressed  juice  of  B.  dioica. 
The  creature  became  immediately  restless  and  fidgety.  \  h.  later  it 
seemed  weak.  It  laid  itself  first  on  one  side,  then  on  other,  and 
foamed  at  mouth.  Sides  became  excessively  blown  out.  Thick  fluid 
motions  were  frequently  passed,  and  then  swelling  of  sides  subsided, 
but  these  were  soon  blown  out  again.  2  h.  after  taking  drug  it  began 
to  tremble  all  over  body,  drew  hind  legs,  as  if  cramped,  up  to  body,  and 
remained  in  this  position  nearly  3  h.,  during  which  time  strokes  of 
heart  and  pulse  became  very  frequent,  breathing  quick  and  laboured. 
Toward  e.,  when  animal  was  disturbed,  it  limped  about  on  legs  and 
drew  r.  hind  foot  up  to  body,  but  soon  tumbled  over  as  if  dying,  with 
rattle  in  throat,  and  so  remained  in  its  house  the  whole  n.  On  12th, 
at  8  a.ro.,  it  lay  on  its  legs,  breathing  extremely  fast,  eyes  closed,  heat 
of  skin  increased,  pulse  and  heart  greatly  accelerated.  At  i  p.m.  it 
died  with  violent  convubions. 

Sectio  cadaverU. — Skin  was  very  easily  removed  from  body ;  superficial 
veins,  particularly  those  about  back,  engorged  with  blood,  descending 
vena  cava  distended  partly  with  coagulated,  partly  with  fluid  blood ; 
vessels  of  mesentery  and  those  of  respiratory  mucous  membrane 
extremely  injected  ;  liver  full  of  blood,  of  dark-brown  colour,  and  very 
friable ;  stomach  distended,  and  its  mucous  membrane  easily  peeled  off 
in  some  places ;  much  serum  in  cavity  of  chest.  Pleura  toward  spine 
a  pale  red  throughout ;  under  halves  of  both  lobes  of  lungs  coloured 
like  dark  red  meat,  not  crepitant,  sinking  quickly  in  water ;  apices  of 


650 


BRYONIA. 


both  lungs  floaty  and  yield,  when  pressed^  a  foamy^  reddish  liquid. 
L,  side  of  heart  empty,  r.  full  of  coagulum  ;  fold  of  peritoneum  covering 
omentum  traversed  by  fine  network  of  vessels;  diploe  of  the  skull 
reddened  ;  arachnoid  traversed  by  delicate  vessels, 

b.  On  June  28th,  at  9  a.m*,  80  dr*  of  freshly  expressed  juice  of 
B.  alba  were  given  to  a  rabbit  6  months  old.  A  h.  afterwards  anioial 
became  restless  and  leaped  about  ;  it  then  vomited  greater  part  of 
swallowed  drug,  2  h.  later  it  passed  a  quantity  of  fluid  dung,  and 
became  so  weak  that  it  could  hardly  stand  upon  its  feet.  Breathing 
very  rapid,  mouth  open,  and  tongue  lolled  out,  3  h.  later  still  it  lay 
upon  its  feet,  breathing  very  fast,  and  yellow  foam  flowing  persistently 
from  mouth.  Sides  swelled  up  \  hearths  action  quickened.  At  5  p*m, 
in  same  condition,  agth,  9  a.m.,  animal  has  ceased  foaming ;  it  lies 
with  head  upon  forefeet,  often  opens  mouth  j  breathing  and  pulse 
quickened  j  sides  somewhat  fallen  in,  stools  diminished  ;  no  appetite. 
3  p^m.,  the  creature  gets  up  frequently  and  runs  about  in  its  house, 
at  same  time  it  sways  about  and  shows  how  altogether  weak  it  is.  It 
does  not  vomit  any  more,  and  begins  to  munch  some  apple-parings. 
Breathing  is  still  quick,  but  much  less  so  than  yesterday  ;  thirst  moderate  i 
sides  fallen  in.  Heart  and  pulse  quickened.  Looseness  is  stopped,  but 
motions  still  semifluid.  30th,  9  a.m.,  except  a  little  weakness,  there 
was  nothing  abnormal  to  be  observed  about  the  animal  It  now  swal- 
lowed 100  dr.  of  juice.  Immediately  after  deglutition  it  began  to  choke^ 
and  vomited  with  the  most  violent  exertions  greater  part  of  drug.  It 
trembled  all  over,  breathed  very  fast ;  both  sides  became  distended  5 
heart*s  action  was  greatly  quickened  ;  pulse  hardly  perceptible  in  tem- 
poral arteries  ;  eyes  wide  open,  pupils  dilated.  At  4  p.m.  .animal  lay 
motionless,  breathing  fast.  It  could  not  be  driven  from  where  it  lay. 
Sides  were  perfectly  tympaniuc.  No  action  of  bowels.  In  this  con- 
dition it  lay  till  9.30  p.m,,  when  it  died  apparently  sufTocated. 

Post-mortemy  ao  h.  after  death. — Superficial  veins  about  chest  greatly 
injected  ;  muscles  coloured  red  ;  oral  mucous  membrane  reddened  and 
Jotted  with  discrete  ulcers  j  gullet  slightly  inflamed  j  stomach  pale  out- 
side, mucous  membrane  reddened  and  wrinkled,  easily  peeled  offj 
intestines  distended,  containing  yellow  fluid  ingesta  ;  mucous  membrane 
reddened,  and  here  and  there  marked  with  black  spots  ,  kidneys  healthy  ; 
omentum  throughout  traversed  by  fine  vessels  full  of  blood ;  liver  red- 
dish brown,  friable ;  bladder  empty.  Lungs  externally  brownish  red, 
with  separate  blackish- red  spots,  which  extend  into  parenchyma  ;  the 
portions  of  lung  in  which  the  spots  are  found  sink  quickly  in  water* 
R.  chambers  of  heart  full  of  black  fluid  blood,  h  containing  about  half 
a  teaspoon ful  of  fluid  blood  j  mucous  membrane  of  trachea  traversed 
here  and  there  with  red  vessels  ;  arachnoid  in  some  places  reddened. 
In  some  portions  of  spinal  cord,  especially  in  lumbar  region,  there  were 
single  reddish  spots  perceptible. 

r.  On  July  3rd,  140  dr.  of  fresh  expressed  juice  with  |  o^.  of  water 
were  administered  to  a  black,  moderately  large,  rabbit  5  months  old. 
The  animal  at  once  moaned  dolefully.  At  10  o'clock  it  threw  up  food 
mixed  with  fluid  ;  there  was  no  appetite  throughout.  It  appeared  much 
prostrated.     Heart's    action   quickened.     Only   when    forcibly  driven 


BRYONIA.  651 

would  it  move  from  one  place  to  another.  At  9  o'clock  it  lay  very 
weary  ;  had  several  motions  ;  breathing  was  very  quick  ;  heart's  action 
frequent  and  jerking ;  sides  swelled  out ;  extremities  drawn  up  to  body. 
When  anyone  tried  to  make  it  move  it  fell  over  on  one  side.  4tn, 
10  a.m.,  it  lay  on  one  side,  was  remarkably  faint,  and  could  not  move 
at  all.  Pulsations  of  the  heart  were  scarcely  perceptible  ;  sides  swelled 
out,  but  flaccid  to  touch.  Extremities  drawn  up  to  body,  but  could 
easily  be  drawn  away  from  it.  Breathing  greatly  quickened  and  rattling. 
Death  at  12  o'clock. 

Autopsy  at  5  p.m. — On  inner  surface  of  skin  corresponding  to  chest, 
arborescent  vascular  injection.  Terminations  of  great  venous  trunks 
form  numerous  anastomoses.  Vessels  of  cerebral  membranes  distended 
with  blood ;  brain  healthy  ;  tongue  on  its  dorsal  surface  spotted  with 
red  and  yellow ;  mucous  membrane  and  >  these  spots  with  it  easily 
peeled  off;  mucous  membrane  of  oesophagus  of  reddish  colour;  lungs 
of  reddish  brown,  and  studded  with  (hrk  spots,  which  penetrate  into 
substance,  and  are  darker  when, cut  into.  Lungs  crepitate  little  when 
incised  and  pour  out  considerable  quantity  of  dark  fluid.  Several  por- 
tions sink  in  water.  Chambers  of  heart  and  great  vessels  contain  con- 
siderable quantity  of  thick,  fluid,  blackish  blood.  Liver  red  and  full  of 
blood,  but  externally  only  slightly  reddened.  Mucous  membrane  of 
intestines  inflamed  and  studded  with  little  ulcers. 

d.  May  24th,  9  a.m.  To  a  strong,  tolerably  large  dog  was  admi- 
nistered ^  an  oz.  of  juice  with  a  little  water.  Half  an  h.  afterwards  he 
was  taken  with  severe  retching  and  restlessness.  An  h.  later  retching 
became  much  more  violent  and  accompanied  by  whining.  The  animal 
breathed  very  fast ;  pupils  dilated  ;  he  moved  about  freely  with  head 
resting  upon  chest.  Two  h.  later  began  to  vomit  very  violently,  and 
brought  up  his  food  taken  the  d.  before.  So  long  as  there  was  food  in 
stomach  he  seemed  to  vomit  more  easily,  but  when  it  was  emptied  he 
sufllered  very  severely,  and  whined  when  each  attack  of  retching  began  ; 
but  in  spite  of  all  his  endeavours  was  able  to  bring  up  nothing  but 
greenish  mucus,  which  was  followed  later  by  entire  flocks  of  mucous 
membrane.  His  walk  began  to  be  unsteady.  At  6  p.m.  he  lay  as  if 
stupefied,  and  could  only  with  difficulty  be  driven  away  from  his  bed. 
He  left  all  food  laid  before  him  untouched,  but  seemed  all  the  more  to 
desire  water,  which  he  drank  greedily,  but  only  a  little  at  a  time.  Both 
sides  were  fallen  in  and  painful  to  touch.  Pulse  and  cardiac  action,  like 
breathing,  greatly  quickened.  25th,  9  a.m.,  the  animal  lies  exhausted 
and  mournful.  Diarrhcea  ;  motions  at  first  pasty,  afterwards  watery, 
brownish  yellow ;  pupils  dilated.  Flanks  fallen  in ;  breathing  much 
quickened  ;  pulse  and  heart  very  fast ;  no  appetite  ;  great  thirst.  4  p.m., 
no  remarkable  change.  The  animal  lies  constantly  weak  and  faint,  but 
seems  to  have  more  appetite  than  it  had  yesterday.  26th,  10  a.m., 
former  appearances  in  less  degree.  Appetite  increased  ;  thirst  moderate  ; 
walk  more  easy ;  breathing  still  quick,  rattling,  as  if  there  were  mucus 
in  trachea;  heart  and  pulse  quickened.  j|  oz.  of  fresh  juice, — Mouth 
was  immediately  filled  with  foam,  and  the  animal  howled  with  pain. 
Half  an  h.  later  he  vomited,  with  most  violent  retching,  food  mixed 
with  fluid.     Retching  lasted  whole  d.,  and  masses  of  flocculent  mucus 


6st 


BRYONIA, 


and  membranous  coagula  were  thrown  up.     Pulse  and  heart  began  to 

be  greatly  quickened.  The  creature  was  very  mournful^  showed  no 
appetite,  but  much  thirst,  though  unable  to  swallow  water.  4  p.ni.| 
he  lay  on  one  side,  was  particularly  weak,  and  when  forcibly  driven 
could  only  keep  his  feet  with  the  greatest  difficulty.  Heart  and  puJsc 
very  fast  and  jerking  ;  breathing  quick.  Motions  very  frequent,  of 
greenish  colour  and  fluid  consistence,  27th,  m,,  same  appearances  as 
yesterday,  only  in  higher  degree.  28th,  ri  a.m.,  the  animal  breathes 
very  fast,  and  lies  as  if  lifeless  on  his  side  j  lets  himself  be  moved  in 
various  positions  without  resistance.  Heart's  action  and  pulse  scarcely 
perceptible.     He  died  without  any  signs  of  convulsions  at  i  p.m. 

Post-mortem y  20  h.  after  death. — Lungs  show  upon  their  surface 
cherry*red  spots,  which  penetrate  into  their  substance.  When  cut  into, 
they  give  out  a  crepitant  sound,  while  semifluid  black  blood  runs  out. 
Portions  of  lung  sink  in  water.  Stomach  is  distended,  externally  pale 
red,  internally  mucous  membrane  dull  red,  occasionally  studded  with 
small  ulcers.  Liver  dark  brown,  firm  \  gall-bladder  collapsed.  Duo- 
denum internally  inflamed,  its  mucous  membrane  of  chestnut-brown 
colour.  The  other  intestines  studded  in  some  places  with  red  points. 
Vessels  of  the  otherwise  healthy  brain  full  of  blood. 

/.  On    June    17th    loo   dr,     of    tinct,    were    administered    to     a 
young  dog,    the    medicine  having  been   mixed  with    \   lb,  of  water. 
Half  an  h.  later  he  spat  and  vomited.     Foam  hung  out  of  his  mouth, 
A  few  hours  after  taking  drug  he  lay  still,  showed  no  appetite,  but  ex- 
cessive thirst.     Towards  e.  he  seemed  quite  lively  and  ate  some  meat 
and  bread.     On  i8th  dog  was  quite  lively,  and  hence  was  dosed  with 
150  dr.     Immediately  after  taking  them  followed  vomiting,  whining, 
restlessness,  frequent  choking,  and  much   saliva  flowed  from  mouth. 
Belly  fell  in  remarkably.     He  let  his  tail,  which  he  had  always   been 
accustomed  to  carry  in  the  air,  fall  between  his  legs  \  lay  down  often, 
breathed    fast,  and  very  often   hawked   up  foaming  saliva.     Towards 
noon  purging  of  blackish  fluid  set  in.     He  ate  some  soup  made  with 
bread  with  little  appetite,  and  lay  looking  very  miserable.     l*he  thirst 
increased.     In  afternoon  he  vomited  again,  and  retching  kept  up  very 
frequently,  which    seemed  to    give  him  great  pain.     Towards  e,   he 
appeared    more    lively,   and    again   showed    appetite.      In   n,  he  was 
very  restless,  and  howled  a  good  deal.     Next  m.  he  lay  on   his  fore* 
feet,  barked  with  difliculty  and  hoarsely,  and  seemed  very  weak  and 
miserable.     Diarrhoea    continued,  appetite  and    thirst    increased.     In 
afternoon  no  remarkable  symptoms.     20th* — The  dog  is  again  much 
more  cheerful.     Diarrhcea  is  lessened,  appetite  nearly  normal ;  thirst 
moderate.     He    carries    his  tail    again  as  he  used  to,     21st,  m.,  the 
animal  seems  quite  well  again,  and  gets,  therefore,  a  further  dose  of 
200  dr.     Directly  afterwards,  violent  vomiting.     Mucus  flows  very  fast 
out  of  mouth.     Constant  choking,  distortion  of  eyes,  anxious  jumping 
about.     2  h*  later,  black-brown  fluid  flows  from  anus,  seeming  to  give 
him  pain.     Sides  are  remarkably  swelled  out.     Heart  and  pulse  cannot 
be  felt,  as  he  threatens  to  bite.     In  afternoon  he  breathes  very  fast,  lies 
exhausted  i    shows    great    thirst,    but    no    appetite*      22nd,    m.,    the 
animal    lies   on    one    side,  breathes    very    fast;    heart's   action    very 


BRYONIA.  6S3 

quick ;  pulse  hardly  perceptible.     In  this  condition  he  remained  till  the 
23rd,  when  at  5  a.m.  he  died  with  convulsions. 

Post-mortem^  24  h.  after  death. — Lungs  collapsed,  somewhat  cede- 
matous,  foamy  blood  in  lower  lobes  ;  bronchial  mucous  niembrane 
pale,  a  little  injected  in  a  few  places.  R.  side  of  the  heart  filled  with 
a  good  deal  of  semifluid  blood  ;  1.  side  contained  a  little  similar  blood  ; 
oesophagus  somewhat  distended^  its  mucous  membrane  pale  reddish  ; 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  reddened  extensively  in  several 
places ;  spleen  almost  healthy,  only  coloured  dark  blue  at  edges ; 
omentum  injected  a  pale  red ;  in  intestines,  yellow-coloured  chyme, 
intestinal  mucous  membrane  marked  in  several  places  with  inflam^ 
matory  redness.  Substance  of  the  kidneys  dense,  firm,  dark  brown ; 
bladder  red  externally,  empty ;  inner  surface  of  the  skull  greatly 
injected ;  cerebral  membranes  distended  with  blood  even  to  finest 
ramifications  of  vessels.  Substance  of  brain  a  little  softened,  with  a 
few  red  points  ;  under  surface  of  brain  strongly  reddened. 

f.  A  rather  large  and  strong  dog,  that,  with  similar  symptoms  to 
the  foregoing,  fell  within  a  few  d.  a  victim  to  B.  was  on  June  26th  the 
same  year,  18  h.  after  death,  opened  by  one  of  our  most  experienced 
anatomists,  Dr.  and  Professor  K — .  The  anatomical  and  pathological 
results  are  as  follows : — Veins  of  skin  were  much  injected,  especially 
those  about  chest ;  muscles  of  the  chest  as  well  as  serous  membranes 
lining  it  were  reddened;  several  ounces  of  a  reddish  fluid  were  eflfused 
into  cavity  of  chest.  Subcutaneous  veins  of  neck,  even  to  finest  vas- 
cular branches,  were  very  much  injected  and  distended  with  deep  black 
blood ;  outer  and  inner  muscles  of  neck  were  strongly  reddened 
throughout.  Trachea  and  larynx  contained  a  frothy,  yellowish-white 
fluid  ;  mucous  membrane,  especially  that  of  larynx,  was  throughout  tra- 
versed by  a  fine  network  of  vessels,  which  it  was  diflicult  to  separate 
from  the  cartilage.  Lungs  were  externally  spotted  a  dark  brown, 
slightly  crepitant,  and  when  cut  into  poured  out  a  large  quantity  of 
dark  frothy  fluid.  At  same  time  separate  portions  floated  in  water. 
Heart  was  firm  in  its  substance,  very  red ;  pericardium  injected  ; 
auricles  distended ;  r.  ventricle  full  of  dull,  reddish,  blackish  coagulum  ; 
contained  a  considerable  quantity  of  semifluid  blood.  Stomach  was 
greatlv  distended,  externally  penetrated  by  streaks  of  blood,  and  con- 
tained remains  of  the  lately  swallowed  juice.  Mucous  membrane  easily 
peeled  ofF,  and  particularly  reddened  at  folds,  in  several  places  appa- 
rently infiltrated  with  blood.  Mucous  membrane  of  duodenum  healthy, 
that  of  small  intestine  beyond  contained  some  greasy,  yellowish  liquid, 
which  smelt  of  B.  Its  mucous  membrane  was  studded  with  spots  of 
congestion.  Colon  contained  a  similar  liquid  ;  its  mucous  membrane 
exhibited  likewise  fine  red  spots.  Veins  of  peritoneum  covering  intes- 
tines as  well  as  those  of  mesentery  were  much  congested  throughout  in 
an  arborescent  manner.  Liver  was  large,  dark  brown,  friable,  congested  ; 
gall-bladder  was  full  of  greenish-black  liquid  \  spleen  anaemic,  small 
and  flaccid.  Kidneys,  particularly  1.,  congested,  with  very  fine  vascular 
reticulations,  visible  on  outer  surface  ;  cortical  substance  a  brownish 
black.  When  cut  into,  it  yielded  some  rather  thin,  very  fluid  bhxxl 
upon  cut  surface.     Bladder  was  quite  empty,  its  mucous  membrane 


654 


BRYONIA. 


beset  with  spots  of  the  colour  of  muscle.  Dura  mater  throughout^ 
especially  above  baseof  skull^  congested^  hard  to  be  separated  from  bone  i 
pla  mater  congested  in  an  arborescent  form  ;  brain  substance  healthy ; 
ventricles  empty-     {Oest.  Zeitschr.y  iii,  95.) 

3.  Dr.  Mayrhofer,  of  Kremsmiinster,  proved  B.  on  3  oxen.  He 
chose  oxen  for  this  experiment  because  B.  (under  the  name  of  Haning- 
wurzel)  is  commonly  used  by  the  country  people  and  farmers  of  the 
circle  of  Traun,  for  the  so-called  "  Haninglcrankhcit  ^'  or  sclerodermiG 
disease  of  horned  cattle.  The  opportunity  presented  ilself  on  the 
property  of  his  brother,  wrhere  there  is  a  large  farm,  and  where  homcco-  « 
pathic  treatment  has  for  several  years  been  employed  with  the  greatest 
success  in  diseases  of  horned  cattle.  The  provings  were  made  with 
the  tincture  of  B.  dioica.     The  following  results  are  recorded  : 

a,  **For  the  first  experiment  a  young,  thoroughly  healthy  bull  was 
selected.  He  was  of  a  greyish- black  colour,  and  13  months  old.  I 
examined,  first  of  all,  the  state  of  the  skin,  which  was  quite  soft  and 
lissom,  and  easily  drawn  into  folds,  which,  when  let  go,  immediately 
smoothed  down.  His  hair  was  smooth  and  lay  flat.  The  animal  got  1 
from  May  20th  to  26th  daily  2  large  teaspoonfuls  of  freshly  prepared 
tinct.  with  his  drink,  which  he  took  thus  without  hesitation-  On  the 
3rd  d.,  that  is,  after  6  teaspoonfuls  of  the  drug,  I  was  informed  that 
the  beast  was  sick.  I  started  at  once  to  inspect  my  taurine  fellow* 
proven  The  bull  looked  extremely  miserable  ;  hfs  coat  was  rough, 
erect,  bristly  ;  skin  had  lost  its  mobility,  and  when  pinched  up  into  a 
fold  (over  shoulders  and  ribs)  a  crackling  and  creaking  sound  was  dearly 
heard,  and  folds  of  skin  which  had  been  pinched  together  remained  for 
some  time  in  that  state  before  they  went  down.  Appetite  was  little 
altered,  and  dung  had  become  somewhat  drier.  The  B.  was  continued 
3  d,  longer,  when,  as  all  the  symptoms  heightened,  and  the  bull  became 
visibly  thinner,  the  dairymaid  refused  to  give  him  any  more  Haning- 
wurzel,  8  d.  later,  during  which  the  maid  had  mixed  some  must  with 
his  drink,  he  was  as  well  as  before  the  proving. 

b,  '^  A  fawn-coloured  two-year  old  heifer,  which  had  gone  through 
a  mild  attack  of  Haningkrankheit  a  short  time  before,  as  was  apprent 
from  the  dry  skin,  got  daily  from  March  23rd  to  26th  a  teaspoonful  and 
ahalfof  tinct.  with  her  drink.  Even  after  second  dose  skin  became  creaky 
so  that  it  must  have  hurt  the  beast  to  pinch  it  into  folds,  for  whenever  this 
was  done  she  butted  with  her  head  and  struck  with  her  hind  hoof  at  the 
hand  of  the  experimenter.  On  3rd  d,  skin  was  less  hard  and  painful, 
and  although  the  creature  got  daily  the  same  dose  of  B,  in  her  drink  (8 
doses  altogether),  the  complaint  steadily  declined  after  the  primary 
exacerbation,  and  a  {qw  d,  after  the  B.  had  been  given  up  the  skin  was 
healthily  smooth  and  mobile, 

c,  "  A  three-year  old,  perfectly  healthy  cow,  a  few  weeks  after  her 
first  calf,  was  submitted  to  a  proving  of  B,  She  got  from  1st  to  loth 
June  10  doses  of  the  drug,  each  time  2  large  teaspoonfuls.  The  first 
5  doses  had  no  visible  effect.  On  6th  d,  skin  became  dry  and  adherent. 
On  8th  hair  bristly  and  knotty ;  and  on  joth,  the  milk  (daily  5  quarts) ' 
had  diminished  one  half,  and  as  the  cow  was  becoming  emaciated  the 
proving  was  stopped.     Not  till  after  3  weeks  did  the  cow  regain  her 


CACTUS.  6s  5 

healthy  look,  and  the  milk  was  lessened  in  quantity  a  still  longer  time." 
[Ibid.) 

4.  The  root  of  B.  owes  its  power  to  an  extractive  matter  which 
was  discovered  in  it  by  Brandes  and  Firnhaber,  and  which  they  have 
named  bryonine.  According  to  the  experiments  of  CoUard  de  Martigny, 
bryonine  inflames  the  stomach  (when  swallowed)  or  a  wound  to  which 
it  is  applied  exactly  as  the  root  itself,  and  is  considerably  more  ener- 
getic. When  introduced  into  the  cavity  of  the  pleura  it  causes  rapid 
death  by  true  pleurisy,  ending  in  the  effusion  of  fibrin.  (Christison, 
p.  545.) 


CACTUS. 
Cactus  gTMuSfynUf  L,     Night.blooming  cereus.     Nat.  ord.,  Cactace^. 

I.  Provings, — I.  Dr.  Rubini  and  his  wife  proved  C.  in  1862, 
manner  not  suted,  but  medicine  taken  for  8  d.  [Their  symptoms  are 
blended  together  in  a  schema^  and  can  only  be  rearranged  according  to 
the  notes  of  time. — Eds.] 

a.  On  ist  d.,  such  violent  pulsations  in  temples  it  seems  as  though 
skull  would  burst ;  momentary  dazzling  of  sight ;  noises  in  ears  like 
rushing  of  a  river,  lasting  all  n.,  with  diminished  hearing  ;  great  thirst, 
causing  him  to  drink  much  water  ;  great  but  ineffectual  desire  to  pass 
water  for  a  lone  time,  at  last  it  flows  abundantly  (of  a  straw  colour) ; 
slight  fever  witn  pain  in  head,  coming  on  after  a  very  short  rigor  at 
2  p.m.,  ending  in  slight  sweat  at  4 ;  in  e.  rigor  of  3  h.  duration,  so 
severe  as  to  make  teeth  shatter,  it  does  not  go  off  although  he  lies 
down  and  covers  himself  with  blankets,  followed  by  burning  heat 
with  great  pain  in  head  and  such  dyspncea  and  restlessness  that  he 
cannot  remain  in  bed,  lasting  20  h.,  and  ending  in  copious  sweat ; 
sleepless  at  n.,  without  apparent  cause,  with  dry  cough  from  tickling 
in  larynx  ;  involuntary  escape  of  urine  in  bed,  at  5  a.m.,  while  asleep. 
On  2nd  d.,  feeling  of  emptiness  in  head ;  pulsating  pain  again  in 
temples,  getting  intolerable  at  n.,  throbbing  then  also  in  scrob.  cordis 
and  r.  ear,  preventing  sleep;  heavy,  dull  pains  in  region  of  heart, 
increased  on  pressure  ;  want  of  appetite  and  loss  of  taste  of  food, 
which  goes  off  after  some  h.  On  3rd  d.,  pulsation  in  both  ears, 
hindering  sleep;  continued  taciturnity,  he  will  not  answer  though 
repeatedly  spoken  to ;  sensation  in  chest  as  if  someone  were  pressing 
and  holdmg  it  tightly,  so  that  he  cried  out,  ^^  Leave  me  alone  ;'  oppres- 
sion of  breathing  as  from  a  great  weight  on  chest ;  sanguineous  con- 
gestion in  chest,  which  prevents  him  lying  down  in  bed  ;  fcetid  breath 
in  m. ;  complete  loss  of  appetite,  cannot  take  least  morsel  of  food  ; 
insupportable  heat  in  abdomen,  as  though  something  burnt  him  inter- 
nally, abdominal  parietes  when  touched  much  hotter  than  other  parts 
of  body ;  menstruation  8  d.  too  soon  in  a  woman  in  whom  it  was 
usually  7  d.  too  late.  On  4th  d.,  very  great  and  intolerable  pain  in 
head,  with  congestion,  most  severe  on  r.  side ;  acute  pain  in  heart, 
impeding  respiration  and  movement ;  oppression  in  1.  subclavian  region, 


6s6 


CACTUS. 


as  if  a  great  weight  prevented  free  dilatation  of  thorax  ;  acrid  add  in 
stomach,  which  comes  up  into  throat  and  mouth,  and  makes  every- 
thing he  cats  taste  sour  \  sense  of  great  constriction  in  chest,  also  in 
scrobiculus  cordis,  extending  to  hypochondria,  and  impeding  respira- 
tion ;  oppression  and  weight  in  stomach  ;  distressing  sensation  in 
bowels  as  if  serpent  were  twisting  about ;  urine  passed  by  drops  with 
much  heat*  Throughout  these  4  d,  also,  violent  pain  in  r,  half  of 
head,  increased  by  sound  of  talking,  and  by  strong  light ;  weakness  of 
sight,  objects  appearing  as  if  clouded ;  pulsation  in  cars,  constant  d* 
and  n,  ^  unusual  melancholy,  for  which  he  cannot  account,  on  4th  d, 
becoming  profound  hypochondriasis,  he  is  unwilh'ng  to  speak  a  word  ; 
oppression  of  chest  with  loss  of  breath  ;  palpitation,  constant  d.  and 
n.,  worse  when  walking,  and  at  n.  when  lying  on  I.  aide,  much 
augmented  on  3rd  d.  on  occurrence  of  catamenia  ;  sense  of  great 
burning  in  stomach  ^  frequent  desire  at  n.  to  micturate,  with  copious 
flow  each  time  ;   urine  more  copious  than  usual. 

&.  On  5th  d.,  n  hemicrania  continues,  also  burning  in  stomach  j 
sense  of  great  constriction  in  shoulders  so  that  he  could  not  move ; 
wandering  pains  in  umbilical  region,  ceasing  and  recurring  periodically  ; 
heat  in  urethra,  which  increases  gradually  and  becomes  insupportable ; 
most  horrible  pains  with  menstruation  causing  her  to  cry  out  and  weep. 
On  6th  d,,  continuance  (as  on  5th)  of  hypochondriasis  and  irresistible 
sadness,  taciturnity,  and  inclination  to  weep  j  also  of  pulsation  in  ears, 
palpitation,  and  nocturnal  diuresis ;  dazzling  of  vision,  then  appear 
be/ore  eyes  circles  of  red  light  which  obscure  sight ;  sense  of  painful 
constriction  in  lower  chest,  as  if  cord  were  lightly  tied  round  false  ribs, 
with  obstruction  of  breathing  ^  constriction  of  oesophagus,  preventing 
swallowing  i  he  must  drink  a  large  quantity  of  water  to  get  it  down 
into  stomach.  On  7th  d.,  slight  delirium  at  n.,  ceasing  on  rousing 
up,  but  recurring  as  soon  as  he  falls  asleep  again  ;  fear  of  death,  extreme 
and  lasting,  he  believes  he  is  incurring  an  incurable  malady  ^  nausea  in 
m.  and  all  d.  long ;  very  violent  pains  in  bowels  almost  causing  him  to 
faint,  lasting  more  or  less  all  d.  On  8th  d.,  constriction  of  throat, 
causing  him  to  swallow  saliva  frequently.  Up  to  this  time,  from 
beginning  of  experiments,  provers  had  been  suffering  from  (besides  the 
above  named)  constant  and  tiresome  pulsation  in  temples  and  cars, 
giving  much  annoyance  and  causing  hypochondriasis  ;  inability  to  sleep 
in  early  part  of  n.,  and  when  he  fell  asleep  he  woke  suddenly  ;  con- 
striction in  chest,  especially  under  sternum,  as  if  a  hoop  of  iron  con* 
stricted  it ;  sharp  wandering  pains  in  thoracic  cavity,  very  annoying, 
especially  in  scapular  region  j  pain  in  1.  mamma,  increased  by  touching, 
relieved  by  gently  raising  it;  annoying  sense  of  movement  (as  of  a 
reptile)  from  before  backwards  in  cardiac  region,  worse  by  d.  than  by 
n,  ;  sense  of  constriction  in  heart,  as  if  an  iron  hand  prevented  its  ordi- 
nary movements  ;  most  acute  pain  and  such  painful  stitches  as  to  cause 
him  to  weep  and  cry  out  loudly,  with  prolonged  oppression  of  breathing 
and  much  anxietas  ;  periodical  attacks  of  suffocation  with  faintness,  cold 
sweat  on  face  and  loss  of  pulse;  anxietas,  recurring  in  e. ;  strong  pulsation 
in  scrobiculus  cordis  ;  sense  of  great  weight  on  stomach,  recurring  every 
time  medicine  was  taken  ^  loss  of  appetite  mid  nausea^  it  is  only  by  an 


CACTUS.  6S7 

eflfbrt  that  he  can  swallow  a  few  morsels ;  in  one  prover  constipation 
for  6  d.,  in  the  other  bilious  diarrhoea  with  4  or  5  evacuations  daily  (on 
3rd  and  7th  d.  8),  mostly  in  m.,  always  preceded  by  pain  ;  dry  cough 
from  pricking  in  throat.     Face  was  discoloured  and  emaciated. 

c.  For  2  d.  more  sense  of  movement  in  and  constriction  of  heart ; 
for  4  d.  pain  in  1.  mamma;  for  6  d.  nausea  and  anorexia;  for  7  d. 
constriction  in  upper,  for  10  d.  in  middle  of,  chest ;  for  7  d.  also 
thoracic  wandering  pains,  e.  anxietas,  dry  cough,  and  weight  in  stomach. 
On  9th  d.,  love  of  solitude,  he  avoids  those  about  him  who  try  to 
comfort  him;  watery  diarrhoea,  very  abundant  each  time,  10  motions 
in  m.,  always  preceded  by  pains  and  borborygmus.  On  loth  d.,  talking 
nonsense  while  asleep  at  n.,  and  even  when  aroused  speaking  uncon- 
nectedly  ;  feeling  of  constriction  in  throat  which  prevents  free  speech  ; 
on  forcing  himself  to  speak  voice  is  low  and  hoarse ;  constriction  in 
neck  of  bladder,  preventing  passage  of  urine  till  after  much  straining. 
After  10  d.,  vertigo  from  sanguineous  congestion  to  head.  On  12th 
d.,  face  inflamed  and  red,  with  pulsating  pains  in  head ;  mucous 
diarrhoea  preceded  by  drawing  pains,  3  motions  in  d.  After  13  d., 
quotidian  intermittent  fever,  recurring  every  d.  at  same  h.  for  many 
successive  d. ;  at  i  p.m.  slight  rigor,  then  burning  heat,  dyspnoea,  and 
great  pulsating  pains  in  uterine  region,  terminating  in  slight  sweat,  till 
noon  next  d.  complete  apyrexia.  (During  20  d.  since  commencing 
proving,  tensive  pain  on  vertex  which  returns  every  2  d.)  On  15th 
d.,  extraordinary  irritability,  the  smallest  contrariety  puts  him  into  a 
passion  ;  sensation  of  great  weight  in  anus  and  desire  tp  evacuate,  but 
nothing  passes ;  pulsating  pain  in  hypogastrium  (female),  recurring 
every  e.,  extending  to  thighs,  increasing  up  to  11  p.m.  On  20th  d., 
interrupted  sleep  at  n.,  next  m.  he  feels  weary  as  if  he  had  not  slept  at 
all ;  great  appetite,  but  weak  and  slow  digestion ;  great  itching  in 
ankles,  which  next  d.  extends  to  lower  part  of  tibia.  On  24th  d.,  a 
dry  scaly  patch,  2  in.  broad,  appears  on  1.  internal  malleolus,  and  on 
38th  d.  came  on  r.^  while  on  30th  and  48th  d.  respectively  similar 
patches  appeared  on  r.  and  1.  elbow  (outer  side).  {Patogenia  di  Cactus 
grandijlorus^  1864.)     [See  Appendix.] 

2.  a.  Oct.  15th,  10  p.m.,  took  10  dr.,  ist  dil. —  17th.  On  rising 
m.  after  quiet  sleep,  great  weariness,  weight  of  limbs,  and  unusual 
sleepiness,  lasting  2  h. — i8th,  19th,  20th,  21st.  Every  e.  very  tire- 
some fleabite-like  itching  on  chest  and  abdomen,  making  him  rub ;  is 
allayed  after  going  to  bed  ;  not  felt  during  d. — 22nd,  10  p.m.,  15  dr. 
The  itching  occurred  during  d.,  and  not  in  e. — 23rd  and  24th.  A 
peculiar  sensation  at  anus,  as  if  rectum  were  swollen,  which  causes 
scraping  and  prickling  sensation  during  stool.  Slight  oppression  of 
breathing  during  d.  when  walking. — 25th  and  26th.  A  pressive  pain 
in  chest  causing  tight  breath  and  compelling  deep  breathing,  worse 
when  walking  and  when  going  upstairs ;  troublesome  owing  to  palpi- 
tation of  heart. — 27th,  28th,  and  29th.  The  symptoms  gradually 
went  off. 

h,  Nov.  I2th,  II  p.m.,  10  dr.  of  3rd  dil. — 13th,  8  a.m.  When  sitting 
quietly,  pressive  pain  in  upper  part  of  1.  chest,  behind  2nd  and  3rd  ribs  ; 
tightness  of  breathing  making  him  take  long  breaths,  lasting  some  m. 

42t 


658 


CACTUS. 


Soon  afterwards  tiresome  pressure  in  r,  parietal  bone.  On  undressings 
e.,  itching  on  abdomen  and  calves. — 14th,  15th.  Several  times  during 
d»^  when  walking,  cramp  pain  in  r.  sole,  transient  but  very  tiresome. 

c,  Nov,  19th,  II  p.m. J  10  dr.  of  6th  diL  Soon  scraping  in  soft 
palate,  lasting  1  h.  In  forenoon,  pressive  pain  in  1.  parietal  bone  rather 
external ;  tearing  in  1.  shoulder-joint* — 20th.  On  waking  in  m*,  and 
lasting  forenoon,  a  drawing-tearing  pain  in  r.  arm,  which,  after  nsingi 
went  into  r.  wrist. 

d.  Nov,  26th,  J I  p.m.,  5  dr.  of  tinct.  For  I  h,  afterwards  scraping 
in  palate.  At  n.  in  bed  strong  heart's  beats  and  pulsation  in  upper  part 
of  chest.  The  pulse  in  the  arm  beat  hard  and  quick  to  the  fingers. 
The  hearths  beats  and  pulsation  in  chest  were  stronger,  more  audible 
and  perceptible,  when  lying  on  back  than  when  lying  on  side  \  at  same 
time  anxiety  and  restlessness.  After  i  h.  these  symptoms  subsided  and 
he  fell  asleep. — 27th,  8  a.m.,  5  dr.  Scraping  in  palate,  pressive  pain  in 
upper  part  of  r.  chest,  oppressed  breathing,  increased  strength  of  heart's 
beats,  and,  when  walking,  pulsation  in  chest,  and  anxiety,  lasting  all 
forenoon  ;  also  pressure  in  1.  parietal  bone.  Woke  in  m,  with  violent 
pain  in  r.  knee,  extending  from  patella  to  outer  side  of  leg  »  the  slightest 
movement  increased  the  pain  ;  subsided  after  i  h.  Soon  afterwards 
numbness  of  I,  arm  and  tiresome  prickling  in  little  finger  for  a  short 
time.  Lecherous  dreams  and  erections  in  sleep. — 28th.  On  rbing, 
m.,  pressive  pain  in  1,  parietal  bone.  During  d.  occasional  pain 
in  muscles  of  upper  arm,  thorax,  calves,  and  soles. — 29th.  Last  n»  the 
first  half  sleepless  on  account  of  afflux  of  many  thoughts  ;  later  uneasy 
sleep.  In  m.,  even  before  rising,  intolerable  pain  in  lower  part  of  dorsal 
muscles  on  r.  side,  extending  to  glutei  all  d. — Dec.  rst.  Transient 
tearing  pains  in  joints,  sometimes  shoulder,  sometimes  elbows^  some-^ 
times  in  fingers,  chiefly  on  r.  side.  Dyspnoea  when  walking,  especially 
going  upstairs,  when  there  is  also  palpitation. — 2nd,  3rd.  Painful 
weariness  and  heaviness  of  arms,  and  generally  discomfort ;  drowsiness 
as  after  a  severe  illness.  Restless  sleep.  On  both  d.  em|>ty  feeling  iii 
stomach,  with  unaltered  appetite  and  normal  stools.  All  the  function!^ 
remained  undisturbed  during  proving,  except  that  the  urinary  secretion 
seemed  rather  scantier.     (Hencice,  A,  h.  Z,,  Ixxxvi,  ^73*) 

3.  Nov.  1st,  6.30  a.m.,  5  dr.  tincture.  All  d.  pressure  in  forehead 
now  and  then,  more  frequently  in  room  than  in  open  air ;  tearing 
through  L  arm. — 2nd,  9  a.m.,  lO  dr. — 4th,  9  a.m.,  15  dr.  Yesterday 
and  to-day  some  pains  in  joints  of  no  peculiar  character  and  not  un- 
usual ;  jerking-tearing  in  forehead  and  limbs. ^ — 5th,  9  a.m.,  15  dr. 
Palpitation  of  heart  when  standing  and  sitting  \  anxious  sensation  in 
heart  ;  short  breathing  ;  little  pain  in  limbs* — 6th.  Same  heart  sym- 
ptoms.— 7th,  6.30  a*m.,  15  dr.  Same  symptoms  as  on  8th  and  9th. — 
1 0th,  6,30  a.m.,  20  dr.  Seems  to  have  for  some  d.  past  a  marked  rest- 
lessness and  hurry  in  what  he  does  ;  seems  always  to  come  too  late, 
never  at  right  time,  and  the  day  seems  not  long  enough  for  his  work  } 
at  same  time  uneasiness  and  oppressed  feeling  in  heart. —  nth,  6*30 
a.m.,  20  dr.  Same  symptoms  j  the  palpitation  and  oppressed  feeling  in 
heart  felt  also  when  sitting  and  lying  in  bed  at  n. — 12th.  Same  state* 
The  palpitation  consists  of  small  irregular  beats,  with  need  to  breathe 


CACTUS.  <59 


rion  worse  when  lying  on  lacL — i+rh,  9  a.m.,  2D  dr.  When  mo\ing 
rapidly  there  occur  quick,  shoR,  irregular  heart's  beats ;  some  severe 
stitches  in  upper  part  of  r.  side  of  chest. — I5:h,  "  a.m.,  20  dr.  Qu'.ck 
walking  does  not  bring  on  the  palpTtarion,  but  sudden  movement, 
stooping,  rising  quickly  from  chair,  and  emotions  do. —  i6:h.  When 
moving  in  bed,  m.,  small,  quick,  irregular  heart's  beats  ;  this  also  occurs 
during  d.  at  beginning  of  any  movement,  as  stooping,  rising,  turning 
round,  but  not  in  walking.  At  same  time  an  anxious  feeh'ng  in  chest 
rising  up  to  throat. — 17th.  Same  symptoms,  but  milder. — i8th.  Sym- 
ptoms subsiding. — 19th,  4  p.m.,  33  dr.  At  5  p.m.  some  pains  in 
knees  and  forehead  ;  need  to  breathe  deeply,  with  some  irregular  heart's 
beats,  which  occur  under  the  same  conditions  as  before,  with  feeling  of 
pressure  and  weight  in  cardiac  region.  At  5.30  p.m.  coldness  in  back, 
and  icv  cold  hands  for  {  h.,  though  face  and  head  were  hot.  The 
pains  m  various  joints,  forehead  and  head  return.  In  e.  constant 
pretsive  pain  in  1.  side  of  forehead,  lasting  till  he  went  to  sleep,  and 
felt  on  waking  twice  in  n. — 20th,  6.30  a.m.,  30  dr.  Irregular  heart's 
beats  on  moving  suddenly,  all  d. ;  slight  pains  in  limbs  and  head  only 
in  m.  On  waking  at  n.  and  changing  posture  the  same  heart  sym- 
ptoms.— list.  Same  bean  symptoms,  and  also  many  strong  beats  on 
walking  quickly  in  room,  with  oppressed  breathing  and  deep  inspira- 
tions.— 22nd.  At  5  a.m.  same  heart  symptoms  when  lying  on  back 
after  moving;  also  after  rising,  when  walking  quickly  in  room.  The 
heart  symptoms  occurred  frequently  to-day ;  on  commencing  to  walk 
are  sometimes  so  severe  he  must  stand  still  and  breathe  deeply  several 
times ;  the  same  when  going  slowly  upstairs,  and  even  going  down- 
stairs. On  waking  in  m.  and  changing  posture  the  same  heart 
symptoms. — 23rd.  Same  symptoms  under  same  conditions.  During 
a.  heart  symptoms  slighter. — 24th.  No  more  heart  symptoms,  but 
drawing  in  fingers,  toes,  knees  and  ankles.  Later  the  heart  svmptoms 
recurred,  and  sometimes  very  severely,  so  that  he  must  stand  still  and 
breathe  deeply,  whereby  the  heart-symptoms  were  relieved  ;  in  e.  any 
sudden  movement  while  seated  sufficed  to  bring  on  strong  beating  of 
heart. — 25th.  Heart  symptoms  on  rising  and  all  d. — 26th,  27th,  28th, 
and  29th.     Same  symptoms.     (Lembke^  N.  Z,f.  h,  KL^  xii,  2.) 

4.  a.  In  Aug.,  1877,  I  strongly  inhaled  a  recently  prepared  tinct.  (I 
am  very  sensitive  to  medicine).  Immediately  thereafter,  I  drove  to 
see  patients.  On  leaving  house  of  first,  I  found  difficulty  in  crossing 
side-walk  to  carriage.  In  10  m.  more  vertigo  had  increased,  there  was 
constriction  about  chest  and  stomach,  pain  in  heart  and  head,  (jetting 
in  and  out  becoming  increasingly  difficult,  and  nausea  threatening 
emesis,  I  drove  home.  Vertigo  was  now  great,  causing  me  to  red 
and  stagger,  and  I  threw  myself  on  a  sofii.  f  had  violent  pain  in  head, 
chest,  and  stomach.  Head  full  as  if  congested  ;  great  weight  on 
vertex,  pulsation  and  pressure  outwards  in  temples,  ears,  and  eyes. 
Objects  not  clearly  seen  ;  intolerance  of  light  and  sound.  Tongue 
dry  and  coated ;  mucus  in  nares  and  throat ;  very  thirsty,  satisfied 


66o 


CACTUS. 


with  small  quantity  at  a  time;  profound  nausea,  lay  for  hours  with 

basin  beside  me^  retching  many  times,  with  copious  discharge  of  mucus. 
Terrible  pain  in  stomach,  with  pressure  inwards  ;  constriction  of 
scrobiculus^  extending  to  hypochondria  and  as  high  as  fifth  ribs,  as  if 
encircled  by  hot  iron  cincture,  pressing  more  and  more  from  h.  to  h,, 
till  respiration  was  most  difficult  and  distressing.  Some  cough^  with 
mucous  expectoration,  greatly  aggravated  my  suffering;  and  I  had 
attacks  almost  approaching  sufFocation^  with  hard  and  painful  beating 
of  heart,  which  felt  as  if  compressed  violently,  and  as  violently  struggled 
to  burst  its  bands ;  I  could  not  suppress  a  groan,  so  great  was  ray 
distress.  Pulse  was  very  irregular*  Severe  pain  in  spine,  worse  in 
lumbar  region,  pressing  down  glutei  muscles  to  lower  extremities; 
tearing  pains  in  shoulders  and  arms,  worse  at  first  in  joints,  after  24.  h. 
worse  m  long  bones. 

if.  Symptoms  increased  for  12  h.  I  now  remembered  inhalation 
of  C,  and  found  its  pathogenesis  a  perfect  picture  of  my  case.  Ipcc, 
ver,  vir,  and  camph,  were  taken,  but  without  relief.  A  most  miser- 
able n.  was  passed,  not  a  symptom  disappeared,  though  nausea  and 
constriction  were  less  distressing,  and  heart  struggled  less  violently. 
Tongue  next  m.  coated  thickly  white  i  3  mushy  motions  during  fore- 
noon, with  pain.  N.  found  me  si  ill  in  bed,  unable  to  raise  head  for 
vertigo  j  symptoms  same.  Had  a  few  h*  disturbed  sleep,  scared  with 
dreams  ;  next  d.  was  able  to  leave  bed  for  a  few  h.  Bone  pains  con- 
tinuing  severe,  took  eupat.  perf.,  with  relief.  The  4th  m.  found  me 
relieved  of  all  severe  suffering  \  but  I  was  well  in  no  part  affected  cill 
10  d.  had  elapsed,  and  remained  weak  for  several  weeks,  with  frequent 
attacks  of  palpitation,      (E.  Clark,  M.D.,  Un.  St.  Med.  Inv,^  April, 

1879.} 

5,  Dr.  Burt  proved  3X  dil.  In  doses  of  100  to  500  dr.  it  caused 
some  umbilical  and  hypogastric  pains,  with  constant  dull  pain  in  cere* 
helium,  ceasing  when  drug  was  omitted,  but  returning  as  soon  as  its 
use  was  resumed.  He  then  took  600  dr.,  and  in  4  h.  had  dull  frontal 
headache,  with  flushed  face  and  slight  pain  in  bowels  ;  then  soft  stool, 
followed  by  quite  severe  pain  in  hypogastrium.  {If^at.  Ham.  Ohs,^  iii, 
239  :  from  Allen.) 

6,  a.  Dr.  Fitch  took  during  some  d.  from  7  to  20  dr.  doses  of 
tinct.  On  1st  d,  weie  observed, — impulses  to  do  something  facetious 
or  almost  grotesque,  which  could  be  repelled ;  slow  in  making  up  his 
mind  to  action,  and  deliberate  in  carrying  it  out ;  at  times  during  d. 
pressure  in  occiput,  not  severe,  and  relieved  by  quick  exercise  or  mental 
activity  j  on  retiring,  this  feeling  amounted  to  heaviness  and  pain, 
with  sensation  as  If  brain  were  grown  fast  to  skull,  increased  by  lying 
on  back,  instantly  relieved  by  turning  on  side  so  that  occiput  aid  not 
touch  pillow  ;  after  1  h,,  for  some  m.  soapy  taste  j  stool  was  followed 
by  blood  (from  piles)  ^  slight  priapism  in  c. ;  after  retiring,  and  before 
going  to  sleep,  drawing  pain  for  10  or  15  m.  in  1.  axilla  and  neigh- 
bouring front  of  chest.  On  2nd  d.  woke  feeling  splendidly  ;  slimy, 
weedy  taste  ;  appetite  better  than  usual ;  sensation  of  something  dis- 
agreeable in  stomach ;  a  difficult,  hard  stool,  afterwards  fluid  blood 
from  anus  j  muscles  do  not  accurately  obey  will  (as  in  croquet*playing)* 


CADMIUM.  66i 

On  3rd  d.,  soreness  of  abdomen,  with  distension  ;  motions  hence- 
forward loose  and  mushy,  and  no  bleeding.  Without  date, — accumu- 
lation of  mucus  in  throat  (immediately) ;  on  retiring,  some  unsteadi- 
ness, almost  amounting  to  staggering,  a  reeling  sensation. 

b.  Took  one  dose  of  197  dr.  Passed  immediately  about  \  pint  of 
urine,  having  odour  of  freshly  drawn  green  tea  ;  during  d.  felt  remorse- 
ful as  if  he  had  done  violence  to  himself,  but  nothing  of  consequence 
ensued,  save  some  genital  congestion  and  excitement  towards  e. 
Appetite  was  better  than  usual,  and  he  slept  soundly.  {Med,  Eclectic^ 
i,  190:  from  Allen.) 


CADMIUM. 

Including  C  br^matmmj  bromide  of  C,  CdBr,;  C.  sulphuratumy  sulphide  of  C, 
CdS ;  and  other  preparations. 

I.  Provimgs. — i.  At  10  a.m.,  being  in  good  health,  took  gr.ss.  It  had  a  peculiar 
metallic  taste.  At  11  a.m.,  frequent  flow  of  saliva  into  mouth  that  was  constantly 
hpat  out,  recurring  every  1  to  3  m.,  and  retching  with  much  effort  bringing  up  viscid 
mucus.  This  continued  till  1  p.m.,  when,  with  violent  pains  in  stomach  and 
umbilical  region  and  urging  to  stool,  violent  vomiting  of  food,  mucus,  and  bile  came 
on.  Then  these  symptoms  declined,  leaving  him  exhausted.  Next  m.  pains  in 
cervical  muscles,  probably  owing  to  the  violent  retching.     (Burdach,  Hu/gianifs 

yOMTM.f  Zxiv,  ly  130.) 

II.  Poiiomuigs, — I.  a,  A  lady  put  less  than  a  teaspoonful  of  the  bromide  into  two 
thirds  of  a  tumbler  of  water,  and  divided  solution  between  herself  and  her  mother. 
Dr.  Wheeler  found  both  ladies  vomiting  severely,  and  complaining  of  extreme  pain 
and  burning  in  stomach.  Mother  was  also  freely  purged,  though  daughter  was  not. 
Vomiting  and  purging  lasted  fully  5  h.,  and  during  part  of  this  time  pulse  was 
imperceptible  in  either  patient.  After  this  period  symptoms  ameliorated,  and  lK)th 
fell  asleep.  For  several  d.  both  were  confined  to  bed,  and  were  obliged  to  be 
extremely  careful  as  to  diet.  Mother  has  since  suffered  from  cerebral  symptoms 
which  betoken  tendency  to  apoplexy. 

b.  Attending  physician  took  as  much  of  powder  as  would  adhere  to  his  wet 
finger,  and  had  severe  burning  in  mouth,  cesophagus,  and  stomach,  lasting  about 
1  h.    (Wheeler,  Bostom  Mid.  and  Surg,  Jouth.,  xcvii,  434.) 

a.  A  grain  of  bromide  of  cadmium  suffices  to  bring  about  evident  results.  To 
reduction  of  pulse  are  added  vomitings,  and  prostration  even  to  stupor.  The 
nervous  system,  however,  is  only  indirectly  attacked.     (Belgrave,  Bull,  de  Thcr.^ 

III.  Experiments  on  animaif. — The  following  are  the  principal  results  ot  Dr. 
Mannf*s  researches  on  the  toxic  properties  of  the  compounds  of  cadmium  : 

a.  The  sulphuret  is  not  poisonous;  the  other  compounds  are. 

b.  Locally^  they  act  as  simple  irritants,  going  as  far  as  ulceration  in  stomach 
and  bowels,  out  never  causing  perforation,  even  when  given  as  chloride  in  strong 
solution. 

r.  The  remote  action  of  these  compounds  produces  symptoms  similar  to  those 
observed  by  Loret  in  men  poisoned  by  the  carbonate  ;  these  were — vertigo,  vomiting, 
diarrhoea,  slowness  of  circulation  and  respiration,  loss  of  strength,  unconsciousness, 
cramp.  The  last  symptoms  are  sometimes  followed  in  animals  by  death.  In 
tucking  animals,  birds,  and  amphibia,  the  heart's  action  generally  outlasts  the  respi- 
rsuion,  though  it  may  be  for  a  short  time  only. 

d.  If  Quantities  sufficiently  large  to  be  poisonous  without  causing  death  directly 
be  injectea  into  the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue  or  the  blood-vessels,  they  excite  an 
inflammatory  irritation  of  the  mucous  membranes  of  the  stomach  and  intestines,  and 
frequently  even  hxmorrhage,  erosion,  and  ulceration. 

e.  The   continued  absorption  of  small  doses  of  the  soluble  salts  of  cadmium 


662 


CALADIUM. 


causes  chronic  poisoning,  which  in  animaU  j*  characterised  hy  disturbed  dlgtnlon 
and  emaciation,  and  ends  in  death.  At  the  autopsy  may  be  found  gastro-cntctitis 
more  or  less  extensive,  sometimes  subpleural  ccchymosis  and  partial  conetstion  of 
lungs,  and  frequently  fatly  degeneration  of  liver  and  cardiac  nnuKuJar  tissue^  and 
diffuse  inflammation  of  kidneys,     (Ran kinoes  Ahsiraft^  xUi,  i  S7») 


CALADIUM. 

CalaSum  tigulnumf  Vert.  (Arum  itguinum,  L.).     Dumb-cafle.     Kat.  Ord.,  df^aa* 

L  Fro*vings.^i,  a*  Hering  proved  i»ingle  dosrs  of  4  dr.  or  more  of  tinct.  Soon 
after  ingestion*  or  during  d.,  appeared  following  symptoms  i — He  must  lie  down  and 
close  eyes,  teeling  then  as  if  being  rocJced  (4  \\J)  ;  confu-sion  and  whirling  in  bead; 
pressive  headache  after  midday  sleep,  or  after  lying  on  side^  going  ofl'  on  twitting  uj)  j 
neat  ascends  from  below  into  head;  biting,  burning  stitches  in  cheek;  bummg  in 
eyes}  something  seems  put  before  ears  which  makes  him  deaf}  extremely  scn!»it»v^ 
to  noise,  especially  when  he  wishes  to  ^leep  ;  mouth  sticky  and  berby  {kranttrig)  ^ 
drawing  through  back  teeth,  from  above  downwards;  dryness  in  fauces  and  phar)-n]r4 
not  in  mouth,  without  I  hirst,  with  aversion  to  cold  water  (which  he  was  not  able  10 
ilriiik  throughout  proving)  \  longing  for  beer,  without  decided  thirst  \  after  mtaU  he 
drank  only  to  relieve  a  sense  of  dryness  in  Ktoraach,  there  was  no  real  thirst,  whicJi, 
indeedf  he  never  felt ;  he  eats  also  only  because  stomach  seems  hollow  (not  because 
hungry),  and  then  hastily  and  with  speedy  satiety  ;  freouent  eructations  of  very  little 
wind,  as  if  stomach  were  full  of  dry  food ;  incomplete  eructations,  hindered  by 
burning  pressure  in  abdomen ;  nausea,  with  confusion  in  head  j  burning  in  stomach 
after  tea  and  chocolate  drinking,  not  relieved  by  water ;  dull  interaal  burning  iiv 
fftomach  and  upper  abdomen,*  which  then  becomes  a  very  severe  pressure,  and 
finally  a  gnawing  at  cardiac  orifice,  hindering  deep  breathing  and  causing  cough ; 
pain  deep  vvithin  when  pressing  on  epigastrium  \  cuttings,  as  with  glas,  across 
epigastrium  j  stitches  as  with  needles  deep  in  epigastrium  j  stitches  in  scrobiculu» 
cordis,  which  is  drawn  inwards  at  every  one,  they  make  him  faint  and  sick  (worse 
when  sitting)  j  strong  pulsations  in  upper  abdomen  and  above  navel  to  r. ;  ahdomeo 
pains  when  touched,  especially  in  hypogastric  region;  sudden  twi*ting  pain  in 
abdomen  (e,)  1  spasmodic  cuttings  about  navel,  obliging  him  to  bend  double ; 
iiitthcs,  jerking,  and  pressure  in  splenic  region  ;  very  scanty  pappy  stool ;  7  motions, 
the  first  watery,  the  rest  pappy;  no  motion  ist  d.,  with  diarrhoric  feeling  in  c,  j 
region  o(  bladder  painful }  bladder  feels  full  without  desire  to  micturate,  then  mode* 
rate  urination  ;  spasmodic  drawing  sideways,  from  bladder  lo  penis,  or  deep  behind 
and  close  to  bladder  ;  sexual  organs  seem  larger,  as  if  pulTed,  relaxed,  and  sweating ; 
penis  remains  relaxed  during  excitement  and  sexual  desire,  or  undergoes  incomnlete 
erection,  semen  escaping  too  soon — former  alternates  one  m*  with  painful  ervctions, 
without  sexual  desire;  during  connection,  no  orgasm  and  no  emission^  sore  corrosive 
pain  on  prepuce  \  after  coition  it  remains  drawn  back,  will  not  cover  glans,  with 
pain  and  swelling  ^  it  is  swollen,  sore  on  margin,  with  biting  on  urinating,  obliein^ 
him  to  rub  it  frequently ;  glam  is  very  red,  covered  with  fine  and  still  redder  points, 
and  very  dry  (after  2nd  d.).  The  symptoms  of  prepuce  soon  disappear  after 
mere.  6,  but  return  after  coition  for  two  months. 

b.  Sudden  burning  in  upper  nares,  as  from  pepper,  then  sneezing  and  coryza  (e«)  ; 
irritative  toneless  cough  in  short  slight  paroxysms,  with  expectoration  of  small  lumps 
of  mucu*,  after  which  chest  seems  hollmv  and  empty;  larynx  and  trachea  seem 
constricted,  so  that  de<"p  breathing  is  hindered,  and  the  attacks  of  cough  seem  to 
originate  above  larynx ;  he  would  cough,  but  the  weight  at  scrobiculus  cordii* 
hinders  it;  throbbing  in  prarcordia  after  w;ilking,  making  him  soon  tired  ;  siiiches  on 
chest  (e.),  also  on  >imall  spot  between  I.  nipple  and  shoulder^  going  very  dcrp,  but 
uninfluenced  by  motion  or  breathing;  on  straightening  body,  cracking  under  last 
ribs,  as  if  put  out  of  place  and  snapped  back  ag;iin  ;  under  heart  peculiar  throbbing^ 
not  palpitation,  perceptible  only  when   hand   is  applied;  bruised  feeling  in  sacrum 


CALADIUM.  663 

and  ribs  on  rising  in  m. ;  sudden  violent  pain  in  1.  knee,  as  if  it  would  l)c  torn 
asunder,  it  cracks  on  stepping,  hindering  walking ;  frequent  and  sudden  violent 
burning  in  small  spots  on  skin,  cheeks^  nose,  toes,  compelling  him  to  touch  thi-m ; 
eruption  on  inner  forearm  of  large  red  pimples,  itching  and  burning  very  much 
(4  d.) ;  when  this  disappean,  immediately  great  oppression  of  chest,  so  that  he  can 
hardly  breathe,  as  if  mucus  would  sutfocate  him,  but  without  anxietas,  especially  after 
meals  and  the  midday  sleep;  the  same  eruption  on  chest,  alternating  with  simil:^ 
dyspnoea  for  several  weeks, — the  <*asthma*'at  last  removed  by  ginger  ;  dislike  to 
movement,  wants  to  lie  down  whole  time  ;  after  writing  or  reflecting,  and  <m  rising 
up  after  lying,  feeling  as  if  he  would  become  faint ;  drawing  pains  between  bones  of 
forearm  and  behind  tendo  Achillis  ,*  compelled  to  He  down  during  d.,  but  cannot 
sleep,  shivers,  and  head  is  very  confused  ;  in  a  confused  sleep  he  remembers  what  he 
had  forgotten  while  awake ;  restless  sleep,  with  confused  dreams  j  very  clear  vivid 
dreams  ;  everything  troubles  him  in  sleep  ;  he  groans  and  moans  with  much  anguish 
in  sleep,  several  times  in  i  n.,  and  for  several  n.,  so  that  he  wakes  his  neighbours; 
violent  starting  in  sleep  $  cramp  at  n.  in  soles ;  before  midnight,  heat  of  hands,  face, 
and  abdomen,  with  cold  fetrt;  after  midnight,  belly  cold,  feet  hot,  without  thirst; 
thirst,  with  dry  lips,  wakes  him  at  n. ;  internal  fever,  exhausting  sweat,  as  from 
oppressive  heat ;  fever  goes  off  during  sleep,  but  perspiration  is  so  great  as  to  attract 
flies  annoyingly ;  hard,  jerking  pulse  (6  h.) ;  after  midday  sleep,  heat,  then  swear, 
and  coldness  on  going  into  open  air;  chilly  in  e.  without  thirst,  coldness  extends 
from  abdomen  to  fret,  which,  and  the  fingers,  are  icy  cold ;  apprehensiveness  before 
going  to  sleep  ;  violent  irritation  at  everything.     {Archi*v^  xi,-2,  160.) 

1.  CowPERTHWAiTE.  [This  physician,  having  undertaken  a  proving  of  the 
drug  for  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  caused  ao  provers  to  take  the  30, 
diL  Of  these  only  3  reported  symptoms.  He  next  caused  15  provers  to  take  the  6x, 
■  and  at  the  same  time  15  others  to  take  the  3X  :  of  the  former,  9  reported  effects,  of 
the  latter  7.  He  then  instituted  provings  with  the  mother  tincture,  ao  provers  taking 
doses  varying  from  10  to  1000  drops,  but  obtaining  no  effects  whatever,  not  a  single 
sjrmptom  having  been  reported.  Dr.  Farrington  also  administered  the  drug  ([manner 
not  stated)  to  25  provers,  but  6  only  (mostly  taking  the  6x)  reported  satisfactorily. 
The  result  is -a  schema  of  144  symptoms. 

In  view  of  the  inertness  here  of  even  large  doses  of  the  mother  tincture,  as  con- 
trasted with  the  effects  ascribed  to  half-drop  doses  of  it  by  Hering,  and  especially 
^ith  the  extreme  acridity  of  the  plant  as  displayed  in  poisonings  by  it,  we  are 
compelled  to  doubt  the  genuineness  of  the  specimen  employed  in  thes«  provings. 
Dr.  Cowperthwaite,  indeed,  tells  us  that  he  obtained  expressly  for  them  a  supply  of 
the  firesh  bark  and  leaves  from  Jamaica;  but  the  ineffectiveness  of  what  was  sent 
Bcmains.  Under  this  grave  suspicion,  and  in  the  absence  of  test  experiments  to 
determine  whether  the  symptoms  ascribed  to  the  dilutions  were  really  produced  by 
them,  we  must,  for  the  present  at  least,  refrain  from  admitting  them  to  our  pages. — 
Ed8.J     (Trans,  ofAmer.  iMst.  of  Horn,  for  1 8  8 1 ,  p.  1 46.) 

If.  Pouommgf. — I.  Dr.  E.  Chairon  was  caAeti  one  night  to  see  a  stove-setter. 
He  by  in  bed  in  a  state  of  extreme  excitement,  breathing  oppressed,  grasped  fre- 
quently  at  his  throat.  Ccmstant  cough  of  hoarse  sound.  The  cough  was  nut  in  fits, 
no  expectoration,  and  was  aggravated  every  time  he  attempted  to  speak.  On  asking 
him  where  he  suffered  he  always  pointed  to  his  larynx,  then  to  his  mouth,  and  lastly 
to  his  stomach.  He  could  not  speak  a  single  word.  Pulse  72,  regular;  breathing 
quick,  incompletely  jerking.  When  inspiring  the  sinklng-in  of  stomach  region  was 
very  obvious;  abdomen  hard,  distended,  painful  when  pressed.  M.m.  of  mouth 
verv  red,  but  not  swollen,  velum  palati  more  intensely  red,  uvula  slightly  swollen. 
Epiglottis  and  its  lateral  folds  swollen  and  very  sensitive  to  touch.  This  state  lasted 
36  h.;  then  the  cough  gradually  subsided  and  he  could  speak  a  few  words,  but  his 
voice  did  not  resume  its  tone  for  3  to  4  d.,  and  the  feeling  of  burning  in  mouth  and 
fauces  lasted  longer.  He  had  eaten  a  radish  rubbed  with  root  of  Caladium.  [It  seems 
to  be  commonly  known  that  a  trick  of  this  kind  will  cause  subject  to  lose  voice.] 
(VUmoM  MAi.9  186a,  xvi,  538.) 

a.  Two  children  ate  a  few  pieces  of  stalk.  They  had  delirium,  occasional 
tendency  to  stupor,  from  which  they  would  rouse  up,  cry,  and  talk  incoherently, 
then  perhaps  drop  off  into  stupor  again  ;  intense  headache  ;  eyes  injected  and  watering  ; 
hct  flushed  scarlet ;  lips  swollen  to  even  three  times  normal  size  ;  mucous  membrane 


664 


CALCIUM. 


of  mouth  and  fauces  greatly  inflamed,  saliva  flowing  profusely,  wkb  chokmg  teaiation 
and  desire  to  swallow,  which  could  only  be  accomplished  with  difficulty;  saliva  as  it 
poured  from  mouth  copiously  streaked  with  blood;  difficult  articulation^  palicnti 
talked  as  if  they  had  filled  their  months  with  mush ;  intense  burning  nain  in 
stomach,  with  frequent  retching,  but  no  vomiting;  breathing  laboured.  iireguW,  and 
quickened;  jactitation  of  limbs;  pulse  lao,  very  weak;  temp.  103^.  (J.  C.  BiSHor» 
M.D.,  T/t£  dime,  vii,  306  i  trom  Allen.) 

3.  Mother  of  above  ate  a  stalk  about  one  inch  long,  said  **hcr  throat  wanted  t© 
shut  up,  and  telt  as  though  ten  thous^and  needles  were  sticking  into  it ;"  paiQ  kept 
shooting  up  towards  cars ;  burning  and  intense  pain  in  stomach.     {Ibid,) 


CALCIUM. 


Calcarsa  aCOtica.    (Impure)  acetate  of  limcj  Ca(C2H30jj)5* 
L  Prayings. —  I*  Hahnemann,  v^/^r/,  Af?^.  Pwr^,  vol.  v  of  original, 
voh  i  of  translation.     Contains  270  symptoms  from  self  and  four  others. 

Calcarea  carbonica.     Carbonate  of  lime,  Ca  C03. 

L  Provings, — Hahnemann,  Chronic  Diseases^  Part  2  of  original,  voL 

of  translation.     Contains  1361   symptoms  from  self  and  4  others ; 

obtained  from  soft  white  substance  found  between  external  and  internal 

hard  layers  of  oyster-shell  (C  oitrearum^  Hg.). 

2.  A  young  man  took  5  gr.  of  i,  trit.  of  same  n*  and  m*  for  4  d, 
In  3  d.  after  he  had  finished  med.,  violent  irritation  about  chest,  neck, 
back,  shoulders,  and  calves  ;  over  chest  and  neck  a  reddish  rash  was 
fully  developed  ;  great  constipation ^  so  that  he  had  to  take  castor  oil* 
[On  another  occasion,  a  similar  pruritus  and  eruption  followed  30th 
diK,  and  here  also  there  was  extreme  constipation.]  (Robinson,  Brit. 
jQurn,  of  Horn,,  xxv,  322.) 

3.  A  young  woman  took  3  gr.  of  3X  trit.  3  times  a  d.  for  7  d.  After 
this  shooting  pains  in  both  sides  of  head,  with  nausea,  unable  toi>nng 
up  anything  ;  same  pains  under  1.  shoulder  \  unaccountably  feverish, 
first  hot  and  then  cold.  [Prover  2  had,  after  30th,  a  feverish  attack, 
with  shooting  pains  through  limbs,  and  swollen  finger-joints.]     {Ibid,) 

4.  Koch  proved  preparation  made  by  adding  pure  powdered  chalk 
to  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  till  effervescence  ceases  and  the  solution  is 
neutral.  To  this  solution  carb.  sodse  is  added,  and  the  precipitate  well 
washed  and  dried.  This  is  triturated  with  equal  parts  of  milk  sugar 
until  the  powder,  when  rubbed  in  the  pestle  with  the  fingers,  feels  as 
though  it  were  moist.  20  parts  of  the  powder  to  1 00  parts  alcohol 
make  the  undiluted  tincture, 

a.  A — ,  act.  31,  a  man  of  rather  corpulent  build  and  short  stature, 
subject  to  haemorrhoids  which  cause  smarting  and  itching  and  mucous 
discharge.  Stool  generally  zytvy  2  d.,  with  shooting  pains  as  though  a 
pointed  body  were  passing.  Is  very  sensitive  to  chills,  which  cause  colic 
followed  by  profuse  watery  diarrhoea.  He  smokes  and  snuffs,  drinks 
coffee  and  beer, — June  8th,  2^  h.  after  early  dinner  took  3  dr.  of 
tinct.  on  sugar.  After  45  m.  tight  feeling  and  shooting  pain  in  regtnii 
of  r.  5th  and  6th  ribs  ;  slight  formication  like  ants  crawling  up  1.  temple  ; 
tickling  in  throat  as  if  a  small  object  lay  there  causing  cough  j  lascivious 


CALCIUM.  66s 

dreams  at  nighty  slight  and  incomplete  emission  of  semen  ;  peculiar 
jerking  and  drawing  awry  of  the  extremities  at  n.,  waking  him. — 9th. 
Pricking  in  I.  eye  as  if  a  foreign  body  were  in  it ;  burning  of  eyes  and 
lachrymation  ;  fine  tickling  pricks  through  urethra  ;  after  dinner  great 
pulsation  of  the  vessels,  especially  in  chest  ;  pulse  quick  ;  lasciviousness 
at  night. — loth.  On  waking  m.,  eves  partially  agglutinated,  great 
watering  of  r.  eye  with  burning ;  all  cl.  dislocative  pain  in  1.  hip-joint. 
— nth.  Great  feeling  of  weariness  in  feet,  especially  ankle-joints, 
lasting  3  h. — 1 2th.  Slight  shooting  tearing  pain  in  arms. — 1 3th.  dhoot- 
ing-tearing  pain  in  tibia,  calf,  and  wrists  ;  urine  after  standing  a  short 
while  gets  cloudy  and  deposits  a  whitish  loose  sediment,  a  fatty  skin  on 
its  suii&ce ;  the  urine  smells  greasy. — 14th.  Weary  pain  in  knees  ; 
dull  drawing  shooting  pain  in  patella  ;  watering  of  r.  eye.  On  back  of 
hand  there  appear  groups  of  small  vesicles  filled  with  clear  fluid,  without 
areola,  which  itch  violently  ;  if  left  alone  their  apices  become  dark, 
eradusJly  dry,  and  the  epidermis  scales  off.  If  they  are  scratched  they 
mcrease  and  look  like  nettlerash.  Cold  diminishes  the  itching.  (He 
is  liable  to  this  eruption  in  summer.)  Shooting  in  various  parts  of 
chest  with  tightness;  shooting  pain  in  1.  finger-joints. —  15th.  On 
exertion  shooting  pains  in  joints. — i6th,  6  a.m.,  6  dr.  In  forenoon 
shooting  in  back ;  cramps  in  feet,  especially  when  standing  ;  sensation 
in  throat  as  if  something  rose  up  in  it  and  stuck  there  (also  e. )  ;  fine 
needle-like  pricks  above  I.  inguinal  region,  as  though  in  peritoneum  ; 
pulsation  in  pelvis  in  course  of  rectum ;  warm  feeling  in  stomach  ; 
flying  shoots  in  both  knees ;  violent  shooting  pain  in  1.  metacarpus ; 
violent  shooting  wandering  pains  in  all  joints  ;  pressure  in  stomach  ; 
stitches  in  region  of  I.  5th  and  6th  ribs  5  great  weariness  of  feet ;  pene- 
trating shooting  pain  in  last  phalanx  of  r.  middle  finger ;  tension  in 
both  calves ;  shooting  pain  in  coccyx  ;  loss  of  appetite  ;  eructation  of 
wind;  nose  dry  all  d. — 17th.  Eyes  partially  agglutinated^  m.  P'ore- 
noon,  burning  in  stomach  as  from  an  acrid  fluid  ;  black  specks  hover 
before  1.  eve;  slight  shooting  pains  in  joints.  Afternoon,  shooting 
pain  in  r.  elbow-joint;  penetrating  shooting  pain  in  1st  phalanx  of  r. 
forefinger;  shooting  pain  when  walking  inl.  side  of  sacrum  ;  shooting 
wandering  pains  in  several  places,  joints,  muscular  parts. — i8th. 
Violent  shooting  in  abdomen  ;  shooting  pain  in  1.  side  of  sacrum  when 
walking  ;  burning,  sharp  pain  in  stomach.  Noon,  shooting  pain  in 
knee  when  driving.  Next  4  d.  no  symptoms. — 22nd,  8.30  a.m.,  i  dr. 
The  dose  repeated  every  h.  Immediately  pressive  pain  in  parietal 
region,  apparently  in  bone ;  tensive  pressure  above  nasal  bones  as 
though  they  would  swell ;  trembling  of  body ;  sunlight  hurts  eyes  and 
causes  headache ;  slight  pain  and  rumbling  in  small  intestines,  with 
sacral  pains,  and  forcing  towards  rectum  as  though  stool  were  coming  ; 
eructation  of  air ;  shooting  pains  in  r.  eye  as  though  a  foreign  body 
were  between  lid  and  ball ;  feeling  as  if  something  were  moving  in  the 
r.  eye  ;  spasmodic  trembling  of  lower  lid  ;  tensive  pressure  in  occipital 
bone ;  rheumatic  pain  in  1.  foot ;  shooting  pain  in  1.  shoulder-joint  and 
1.  ear ;  eructarion  of  an  acrid  bitter  fluid  ;  1.  lower  lid  spasmodically 
twitched  towards  inner  canthus. — 2nd  dose.  Spasm  in  eyelid  ;  tearing 
in  1st  1.  upper  molar;  pain  in  sacrum;  fine  shooting  pain  all  round 


666 


CALCIUM. 


chest,  about  4th  and  Sth  ribs. — 3rd  dose.     Shooting  pain  in  r 
joint  and  dull  shooting  in  I.  hip-joint,  both  increased  by  mo^ 
after  dinner  shooting  in  r.  shoulder ;  shooting  in   r.  humerus 
by   trembling  of  arm  with  twitching  of  some  of  its  muscles  ; 
lamed  state  of  muscles  of  upper  arm  ;  watering  of  r.  eye.     (Tl 
tion  mentioned  above  extends.) — 4th  dose,  2  p.m*      Aching 
ness  in  scrob.  cordis ;  pressive  drawing  tearing  pain  between 
— 5th  dose,  3  p.m.     Shooting  pain  in  ist  joint  of  L  index  ;  si 
throbbing  pain  in  r.  frontal  protuberance  ;  shooting  pains  in  na[ 
in   middle  of  forehead.     After   supper  difficulty  of  swallowii 
tongue  behind    were   swollen  ;    pains  In  nape    with    stilfness  ^ 
trating   shoots    in    left    metacarpus  i    stitches    through    chcst,| 
sternum,  from  before  backwards  ;  burning  shooting  pain  in  back  ' 
scapulae  ;  shooting  pain  in  1.  temple  up  the  deep  temporal   m 
restless,  dreamful,  imperfect  erections. — 23rd.     On  waking 
of  body  and  spasmodic  jerkings  of  some  muscular  parts  in  t] 
arm  ;  shooting  in  region  of  1.  7th  and  Sth  ribs  ;  sacral  pains  i  su^ 
weakness   of  legs  as  if  they  could  not  bear  the  body  and  thi 
would  knuckle  under  him ;  trembling  of  body  ;  shooting  in  K 
stitches  up  L  temple  ;  at  n.  several  erections  ;  running  diagonal!; 
under  surface  of  penis  a  long-shaped,  excoriated- loo  king  son 
burns  violently,  with  much  sweat  on  scrotum  and   perineum. 
Violent  shoots  in  L  wrist  j  after  a  warm  bath  great  weakness  ii 
and  ankles;  tearing  shoots  in  several  joints. — 25th.     Pains  in  joi 
so  severe  i  eruption  in  hand  extending. — 26th,  ayth^  and  28th 
symptoms.     {Hygia^  v,  318.) 

5.  a.  Mrs.  M — ,  set.  26,  I  child  \  year  old  j  nervous  an< 
able,  disposed  to  toothache  in  changeable  weather. — May  26th,  5. 
took  4  dr.  of  linct.     6.30  p.m.,  nausea,  as  though  she  woul 
for  2  h. ;  flow  of  tasteless  water  in  mouth.— 27th.      Violent  disl 
pain  on  moving  1.  arm  ;  slight  nausea. — 28th,     All  d.  nausea, 
pains  in  lumbar  region  and  ossa  ilii  as  if  menses  were  comin 
29th.     Same  symptoms,  but  slighter.    From  30th  no  symptoms. 
15th,     Took  m.  3  dr.     7  p.m*,  very  painful  pressure  in  forchea* 
nose  \  bruised  feeling  and  weariness  in  all  limbs  \  nausea  till  si 
to  bed.— i6th.     Such  weariness  she  could  not  walk  j   nausea, 
No  symptoms. — ^i8th.     Took  4  drops  in  m.     7  p.m.,  great  w< 
and  weariness  in  extremities,  especially  lower,  lasting  til!  she 
bed, —  19th,     No  symptoms. — 20ih,  m.,  6  dr.     From   2  p.m.  u\ 
extraordinary  soreness  in  all  limbs  j  7  p^m.^nausea* — aist.      H 
— ^22nd.     No  symptoms. 

b.  July  tab,  m.,  took  2  dr.  of  ist  dil.     At  11  a.m.  nausea 
till  afternoon  ;  violent  pressive  headache  in  forehead  \  wearmcss 
stitches  in  chest  on  breathing. ^ — I2th.     Symptoms  milder  j 
gone. 

c.  July  22nd,  m.,  took  6  dr.  of  2nd  dil.     At  7  p.m,  some  f. 
orbital  stitches. — ^23rd.     No  symptoms. 

^.  July  24th,  10  a.m.,  3  dr.  of  3rd.     At  noon,  pressive 
headache.    Next  d.  same,  but  slighter.    After  that  nothing  more. 
6.  a.  E,  B — .^  servant  girl,  act,  17,  strong,  suffers  from    per 


CALCIUM. 


667 


sick  headache.  For  6  oiontha  has  had  every  ai«  a  cramp  pain  in  K  upper 
arm*  First  menstruation  3  months  ago,  since  then  only  once  more. 
— May  26th,  5.30  a.m.,  3  dr.  of  tinct.  No  symptoms. — June  15th, 
m,,  10  dr.  No  symptoms.  18th,  m.,  2odr»  4  p*m.,  feeling  in  throat 
as  if  a  worm  were  gnawing  there,  lasted  till  she  went  to  bed.  7  p.m.^ 
great  weariness  In  legs,  felt  as  though  they  would  give  way,  till  she  went 
to  bed. —  19th.     No  symptoms.— 20th,  m.,  25  dr.     No  symptoms, 

h,  July  iith,  m,,  6  dr,  of  1st  dil.  No  symptoms. —  14th,  m.,  12 
dr.  10  a.m.,  head  felt  as  if  intoxicated,  went  ofF  after  dinner*  No 
more  symptoms. — 17th,  2  p.m,,  20  dr.  No  symptoms. — i8th^  11 
a*m,  4  stitches  on  L  side  of  forehead  ;  all  d,  constant  chilhness* — ^lythi 
m,,  stitches  behind  1.  ear,  sore-throat  on  swallowing. 

c.  Later,  took  3  and  20  drops  of  2nd  diL,  without  effect,  save  some 
stitches  in  L  scapula*     [Ibid.) 

7*  a,  HiLLER,  schoolmaster,  set.  40,  always  healthy,  snuffs  and 
smokes  and  drinks  beer.  June  15th,  5*30  a.m.,  3  dr.  of  tinct.  Fore- 
noon, shooting  in  scrob,  cordis  when  breathing ;  tearing  between 
scapulae  and  in  nape  \  pressure  in  stomach  ;  confused  head  j  tearing  in 
I.  forearm,  in  ist  joint  of  1.  thumb,  in  r,  thigh,  in  sacrum,  in  r.  forearm, 
in  1.  malar  bone,  in  1st  joint  of  I.  little  finger,  in  ist  joint  of  L  ring 
finger,  in  1.  frontal  protuberance,  in  r.  foot,  in  ist  joint  of  1.  index,  in 
r.  knee,  in  r,  calf.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  r.  calf,  in  sacrum,  in  r.  thigh. 
—  l6th.  Forenoon,  tension  in  both  sides  of  ribs  over  scrob.  cordis  ; 
tearing  in  sacrum,  in  L  wrist,  between  scapula,  in  1.  hand,  In  lower 
jaw,  in  nape,  in  both  thighs,  under  r,  arm  i  bitter  taste.  Afternoon, 
tearing  in  ist  joint  of  1.  little  finger,  in  sacrum,  between  scapulae,  in  r, 
upper  arm. — 17th,  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1.  metacarpus. —  i8th,  6  a.m., 
2  dr.  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1.  hand,L  thigh,  i.  calf,  L  forearm,  1.  lower 
jaw,  between  i^capulae,  in  r.  upper  arm,  in  2nd  joint  of  1.  index  ;  itching 
in  r,  thigh.  Afternoon,  tearing  betwixt  scapulae,  in  I,  thigh. —  igch. 
Forenoon,  tearing  in  2nd  joint  of  1.  little  finger,  sacrum,  between  scapulae, 
in  1.  wrist.  Afternoon,  sacral  pains,  tearing  in  1st  joint  of  r,  little 
finger,  in  r.  knee,  between  scapulae. — 20th,  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1, 
knee,  in  r.  knee,  in  r.  upper  arm.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  r.  elbow-joint, 
in  r.  knee-joint,  in  coccyx,  in  1.  thigh,  I  and  r.  shoulder. — 21st,  5.30 
a.m.,  6  dr.  Immediately  pain  in  stomach.  Forenoon,  tearing  in 
sacrum,  K  shoulder-joint,  I.  calf,  1.  upper  arm,  1,  big  toe,  2nd  joint  of 
L  thumb,  r.  hand,  under  r.  arm,  in  L  hand.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  front 
of  1.  foot,  in  1.  hand,  in  and  joint  of  1.  index,  in  r.  tibia,  r.  knee,  I.  hand, 
under  r.  arm,  betwixt  scapul^,^ — 22nd.  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1.  knee,  1. 
hand,  L  tibia,  J.  thigh,  r.  wrist.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  r,  ankle,  in  I  arm. 
•^23rd.  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1.  calf,  both  wrists,  2nd  joint  of  1,  ring 
linger,  sacrum,  betwixt  scapulas.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  sacrum,  L 
thumb,  1.  foot,  betwixt  scapulae;. — a4th.  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1.  thigh, 
L  calf,  1.  foot  anteriorly.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  first  joint  of  I,  thumb. 
During  the  proving  there  appeared  hemorrhoidal  lumps,  the  size  of 
nuts,  with  violent  itching  in  anus  and  constipation  often  for  2  or  3  d. 
Violent  itching,  smarting  eruption  on  face,  which  bled  on  being 
scratched,  and  changed  into  nettlerash-like  eruption. — 25lh  and  26th. 
Slight  tearing  pains  in  extremities. 


668 


CALCIUM. 


b.  July  i6th,  5.30  a.m*,  i  dr.  of  ist  dil  Forenoon,  tearing  in  nape, 
1,  thigh,  betwixt  scapuls,  sacrum.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  r.  mrddJe 
finger,  betwixt  scapulae. —  17th*  Forenoon,  tearing,  in  ],  forearm,  both 
ring  fingers  ;  stitch-likc  tearing  in  r,  wrist.  Afternoon,  tearing  in 
2nd  joint  of  L  ring  finger,  in  r*  foot,  nape,  sacrum,  ist  joint  of  K  thumb  ; 
shortening  betwixt  scapulae. —  18th,  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1.  hand,  L 
arm,  r.  foot,  r.  thigh,  sacrum,  under  1,  ribs,  in  lendo  Achillis,  L  wrist, 
1.  knee,  1.  arm,  L  hand,  1.  thigh,  r.  knee,  and  joint  of  J.  little  finger | 
tension  in  r.  calf.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  abdomen  near  genitals,  in 
nape,  1.  hand,  behind  L  ear  upwards,  in  L  hip-joint,  both  arms,  nape ; 
stitch-like  tearing  in  forehead.^ — 19th.  Forenoon,  violent  tearing  m  K 
foot  anteriorly  \  tearing  in  1.  hand,  betwixt  scapulae,  in  both  wrists^ 
sacrum,  cervical  muscles,  1.  index,  and  joint  of  L  thumb ;  pains  in  r. 
ribs.  Afternoon,  tearing  betwixt  scapula?,  in  I.  ring  finger,  I. 
foot,  r,  wrist,  r.  ankle,  r.  shoulder-joint,  1.  knee,  I.  thigh,  r,  elbow, 
and  joint  of  r.  thumb,  teeth  ;  sacral  pains ;  stitches  in  brain  $  sritch- 
like  tearing  in  L  knee.^ — 20th*  Forenoon,  tearing  in  both  feet,  sacrum, 
under  r,  arm,  below  I.  scapulae,  in  both  thighs,  in  I.  pelvic  boncs,K 
foot,  1.  ear,  r»  calf^  1.  hand,  r.  knee,  K  foot  anteriorly,  1.  thumb,  1.  eye. 
Afternoon,  tearing  in  sacrum,  L  hip-joint,  r.  foot,  r.  instep,^ — list. 
Forenoon,  tearing  in  ist  joint  of  K  thumbs  in  r.  arm,  in  neck,  1.  wrist, 
r.  tibia,  between  scapula:.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  r.  knee,  betwixt 
scapulae,  in  K  ankle,  2nd  joint  of  I.  ring  finger  \  stitch-like  tearing  in  I. 
tendo  Achillis, — 22nd,  Tearing  in  1.  hand,  I,  knee,  1.  tendo  Achillis, 
betwixt  scapulae*  Afternoon,  tearing  under  r.  arm,  in  sacrum  ;  tension 
in  r,  knee-joint. — 23rd,  Forenoon,  tearing  in  L  hand,  r.  thigh.  After- 
noon, tearing  in  r,  knee,  in  r.  side  of  neck,  in  K  arm. —  24th.  Fore- 
noon, shooting  betwixt  scapul;e  \  tearing  m  r.  thigh,  and  joint  in  r. 
thumb  J  stitch  like  tearing  under  r.  arm.  Afternoon,  tearing  under  r. 
arm,  r.  hip-joint,  and  tension  in  r.  knee. — 25th.  Tearing  under  r, 
arm,  in  r.  thigh.     After  this  no  more  symptoms, 

r.  Aug*  3rd,  5  a.m.,  2  dr.  of  3rd  dil.  Forenoon,  tearing  in  I.  wrist, 
in  2nd  joint  of  1,  thumb.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  I.  wrist, — 4th.  No 
symptoms. 

d,  Aug,  5th,  5.30  a.m.,  3  dr.  of  6th,  Forenoon,  tearing  in  and 
joint  of  1.  thumb,  in  r.  instep,  r.  arm.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  L  arm  | 
sacral  pains.^6th«     No  symptoms,     {Ibid,) 

Calcarea  caustica.  Calcic  hydrate,  CaHjjO^, 
I.  Provings, — I,  KocH.  I  oz,  causric  lime  was  put  into  a  warmed 
bottle  and  5  oz.  water  poured  over  it,  the  bottle  corked  up  and  let  stand 
till  cold  ;  then  the  bottle's  contents  well  shaken  up  and  5  oz.  alcohol 
added.  After  several  d.,  during  which  the  bottle  was  repeatedly  shaken, 
the  clear  liquid  was  poured  oft'  into  smaller  bottles  and  kept  from 
contact  with  air.     This  is  ^. 

^;  A — ,*  March  7th,  6  a.m.,  6  dr.  of  ^.     Immediately  tearing. 

drawing  (rheumatic)  pains  in  I,  shoulder-joint  spreading  all  over  upper 

arm,  so  violent  he  could  not  raise  arm  ;   the  chief  seat  of  the  pain  is  in 

the  deltoid  muscle,  in  the  fascia  and  joint ;  lasts  3  h.    After  1  h.  tearing 

•  The  first  fgur  provers  the  same  as  in  Koch's  proving  of  Calc,  carb. 


CALCIUM.  669 

pain  in  1.  temple  to  1.  frontal  protuberance  ;  tensive  sensation  in  stomach. 
After  dinner  offensive  breath  ;  palate  feels  as  if  mucus  were  there,  but 
none  comes  away  >  shooting  pain  in  region  of  I.  6ch  and  7th  ribs, 
increased  by  inspiration^  passing  into  tearing  pain ;  its  scat  seems  to  be 
intercostal  muscles  and  pleura  costalis;  similar  pain  in  both  hypo- 
chondria, especially  1. ;  trembling  of  extremities ;  in  1.  arm  and  feet 
slight  rheumatic  pains.  9  p.m.,  pressing-asunder  pains  in  interior  of  1. 
ear ;  tearing  in  nape  muscles ;  no  stool  today  ^  in  bed,  trembling  of 
extremities  and  weariness. — 8th.  Slight  rheumatic  pains  in  nape, 
sacrum,  and  upper  arm ;  the  hemorrhoidal  lumps  (to  which  he  was 
subject)  seem  smaller.  In  e.^  shooting  pain  through  both  ears. — 9th. 
No  svmptoms  in  forenoon.  At  2  p.m.,  6  dr.  Immediately  violent, 
shootmg-tearing  pains  in  1.  Eustachian  tubes  extending  to  meatus  audi- 
torius  internus  ;  eructation  of  food  with  sourish-bitter  taste,  and  of  air  ; 
tearing  up  r.  temple ;  in  1.  lower  canine  tooth  transient  tearing  pain ; 
much  yawning  -,  great  prostration  and  trembling  of  body ;  great  hunger 
3  h.  after  a  meal ;  feeling  in  gullet  as  if  a  bone  stuck  there  -y  pulse 
quick,  then  slow.  In  e.  sacral  pains  ;  a  little  wine  drunk  in  e.  makes 
him  feel  intoxicated.  N.^  very  restless,  tossing  about,  sleeplessness,  head 
very  confused. — loth,  m.,  feels  unwell  as  though  he  had  been  drunk 
the  dav  before  (hemorrhoidal  diarrhoea,  which  he  has  repeatedly  with- 
out talcing  medicine). — nth,  9  a.m.,  6  dr.  Yawning  ;  stitches  below 
1.  6th  and  7th  ribs  -,  rheumatic  pains  in  1.  shoulder.  5  p.m.,  dull  rheu- 
matic pains  in  occiput  -,  c.,  when  drinking  beer,  head  very  confused ; 
no  stool  to-day ;  trembling  of  extremities ;  dull,  tearing,  shooting  pain 
in  two  carious  molars,  which  feel  enlarged  ;  emission  at  n. — 12th.  After 
breakfast  a  thin  pappy  stool  with  much  mucus  -,  violent  shoots  in 
bowels,  like  fine  knife-thrusts  (accustomed  to  this  symptom) ;  head 
extremely  confused ;  dull,  pressive  j>ain  in  forehead  going  to  occiput, 
so  that  he  could  scarcely  do  his  busmess ;  stiffness  in  all  nuchal  mus- 
scles.  10  p.m.,  when  reading,  burning  in  eyes. —  13th.  A  corn  on  1. 
3rd  toe  has  shooting  pain. — 14th.  Corn  painful.  After  this  no  sym- 
ptoms.— 22nd,  10  p.m.,  3  dr.,  then  went  to  bed.  An  emission  at  n. — 
23rd,  m.,  pressive-tearing  pains  in  sacrum  ;  tension  and  stiffness  of 
nape  and  occiput;  flying  stitches  in  r.  hip-joint;  head  very  confused, 
e.  after  beer ;  violent,  shooting,  out-pressing  pain  in  interior  of  1.  car, 
this  last  continuously,  more  or  less  severe ;  slight  rheumatic  pains  in 
r.  shoulder-joint.  N.,  very  restless  ;  head  very  confused. — 24th.  On 
waking,  pain  in  sacrum,  going  off  on  moving ;  pressure  on  chest  like 
nightmare,  going  off  in  |  h. ;  nose  for  the  last  2  d.  dry  and  secretes 
thick  viscid  mucus.  Forenoon,  confused  head,  especially  on  1.  side, 
with  periodical  stitches ;  the  headache  is  of  a  pressive  character,  making 
mental  work  difficult ;  constant  pain  in  ear  ;  no  stool  to-day  ;  feeling 
of  intoxication  on  drinking  beer,  e.  N.,  restless,  dreams,  great  night- 
mare ;  the  carious  back  molars  give  much  pain  and  feel  too  long. — 
25th.  Pressive-shooting  pain  under  sternum,  over  precordium  and 
hypochondria;  fcetid  mouth.  N.,  no  sleep,  many  dreams,  not  re- 
membered.— 26th.  Forenoon,  same  symptoms,  but  milder.  Afternoon 
and  e.,  no  symptoms.     Quiet  night. 

*.  April  4th,  2  h,  after  breakfast,  4  dr.  of  ist  dil.     Forenoon, 


670 


CALCIUM. 


shooting  pain  in  K  hip-joint  when  treading  and  in  open  arr. 
dull  shooting  pain  in  L  ear,  as  though  something  were  in  it  1 1 
in  I,  carious  upper  molars,  which  seem  to  be  100  large  ;  con*'tj 
violent  stitches  in  small  intestines  when  bending  forwards* 
shooting-tearing  pain  in  r.  thumb  ;  no  stool ;   n,  very  restless,] 
many  dreams,  unrcmcmbercd. — Sth,     Head   confused   with 
forehead,  and  Hying  stitches  in  temples  j  dull  pain  in  both  ear 
headache  as  before  ;  stool^  which  during  the  proving  had  al« 
painful,  as  if  nails  were  passed,  not  painful,  piles  quite  small. 
dinner,  a  violent  shooting  pain  from  r,  eye  to  frontaJ  protuber 
waters  i  slight  rheumatic  pains  in  r.  shoulder ;   offensive  moy 
mucus,  especially  on   velum  pendulum  palati. — 8th,      Water 

eye.^-gth*     R.  eye  waters,  pain  in  it  as  if  something  were  und 

lid,  stitches  from  eye  to  forehead,  conjunctiva  pal pcbr,  rcd,^ — loth. 
making  exertion  or  in  awlcward  position  of  a  joint,  draviring-tearifl 
— nth,  2  h.  after  breakfast,  4  dr.     After  dinner  drawtng-ceanng^ 
1st  joint  of  L   index,  passing   into  dislocative   pain  ;    confus 
rheumatic  pin  in  biceps,  deltoid,  and  elbow-joint  i  shooting 
pain  in  K  temple  ;  watering  of  r,  eye  ;  tearing  and  shooting  ia 
stitches  in  r,  elbow-joint ;  sleep  uneasy,  full  of  disagreeable  dr 
12th.     On  waking  as  if  had  been  intoxicated  ;  shooting  in  L 
metacarpal   bones  j  single  stitches  in  L  side  of  chest.      5  pum^l 
tike  shooting  pain  in  1.  ear  to  opening  of  Eustachian   tube.     l| 
rheumatic  pain  in  1.  shoulder-joint ;  stitches  across  sternum ; 
less,  sleepless,  with  constant  toothache  in  1.  upper  carious  molj 
ache. —  13th.     Rheumatic  pains  alternately  in  all  joints  j  stitc 
r  hip-joint  to  middle  of  thigh  ^  confused  head,  especially  in 
stitches  in  1,  side  of  larynx  ;  watering  of  eyes  in  open  ain 
many  dreams. — 14th.     Pain  in  arm  as  before,  also  rheuma^ 
all  joints,  but  not  so  severe. —  iSth,  10.30   p.m.     Rheumatism 
scapula — 16th.     No  symptoms, — 22nd  to  24th.     Every  o.  it 
violent  toothache,  as  though  teeth  were  furry  and  too  large ; 
sive  pain  in  1.  ear  as  though  something  were  in  it, 

c,  April  26th)  2  h.  after  breakfast,  took  6  dr.  of  and  dil. 
drately  stitches  in  course  of  1.  supra-orbital  and  supra  irochlearis  1 
confused  head.     After  this  no  symptoms. — May  4th,  8  a,m.,  2 
this  dose  repeated  every  h.     4  p.m.,  shooting-tearing  pain  in  r.shd 
— 5th  to  8th.     No  symptoms. — gth.     Smarting  itching  eruf 
red  areola^  and  filled  with  purulent  fluid  (where  f   not  stated)** 
9  a.m.,  6  dr.     No  symptoms. — nth,  9  a.m.,  12  dr.     After  2  h^ 
ing  pain  in  1.  frontal  protuberance  -,  after  dinner  shooting  in 
I.  5th  to  7th  ribs;  in  e.  a  drawing-tearing  dull  pain  tn  L  fur 
in  bone  or  interosseous  ligament  j  head  much  confused,  esp 
side  i  dull  drawin?   toothache  in  carious  tooth.      N.,  restless,  ] 
dreams.^ — I2th.     On  rising,  m.,  weary  and  cross  j  head  conf 
forenoon,  as  after  intoxication  1  dull  stitches  in  1.  side  of  forehe 
temple  ;  coryza  especially  of  1.  nostril ;  two  painless   stools, 
pinching  in  abdomen  with  flatulence  ;  in  lower  part   of  )«   til 
brcwnish-red    painless  spots,  some  discrete,  some  confluent,  m 
farthing,  h'ke  flcabites ;  skin  somewhat  swollen,  lasting  14  d.- 


CALCIUM. 


671 


joi 

Vi 


n,  nearly  sleepless,  full  of  dreams  ;  much  tossing  about  in  bed  \  shoot- 
ing-teaiing  pain  in  nuchal  muscles  all  d, — 14th  and  following  d.  No 
symptoms. 

2,  a,  Mrs.  M — ,  xt,  26,  March  7th,  6  a.m.,  6  dr.  of  tinct.  In  e.  tran- 
sient sensation  as  if  hairs  were  drawn  up  from  head. — 8rh»  No  sym- 
ptomfi. — ^th,  6  a.m.,  6  dr.  No  symptoms,  2  p.m.,  6  dr.  After  4  h. 
jerking,  boring  pain  in  r.  upper  orbital  border  ;  after  ij  h,  great  weari- 
ness of  limbs  ;  trembling  of  limbs  ;  pains  in  sacrum  j  peculiar  pains 
(like  rheumatism)  in  both  scapula.  6  p.m.^  transient  tearing  pains  from 
1.  supra-orbital  border  to  inner  canthus  and  down  nose, — iith.  Burn* 
ing  in  eyes,  e.,  when  exposed  to  light  ^  redness  of  conj.  palp. ;  photo- 
phobia.—  lath,  13th,  t4th.  Samcsymptoms, only  slighter.  After  that 
no  symptoms  till  1 7tht  Violent  itching  and  priclcing  on  skin,  especially 
of  nape  and  back,  there  occurs  there  an  eruption  of  small  vesicles  Ailed 
with  lymph  surrounded  by  a  red  areola. —  18th.  Eruption  as  before  on 
chest,  neck,  behind  ears  on  occiput  j  no  more  rheumatic  pain  or  tooth- 
ache*—  19th.  Eruption  still  there, — 20th.  Nosymptoms.  2ist,9p.m.^ 
3  dr.  No  symptoms. ^ — 23rd*  After  a  foot-bath  last  night  has  to-day  a 
return  of  tooth  and  head  ache.^ — 24th.  The  pain  very  severe,  is  chiefly 
in  r.  maxillary  joint,  which  is  swollen. — 25th.  Pain  very  severe,  the 
joint  immoveable  and  cheek  swollen,  lO  p.m.,  3  dr. — 26th,  m.,  3  dr, 
iolent  pain  on  moving  jaw.  Check  much  swollen.  Pains  declined 
towards  e. — 27th,  No  pain  except  when  pressing  on  the  maxillary 
joint,  which  is  still  somewhat  swollen.  The  next  d.  all  right,  swelling 
gone* — Apnl  4th.  From  9  a.m.,  2  dr.  every  h.  Great  chilliness  at  n. 
when  going  to  bed. — 5th.  From  7  a*m.,  2  dr.  every  2  h.  Great 
chilliness  before  rising,  m.  ;  transient,  pressive  pin  in  forehead, 
3  p.m.,  violent  pains  in  both  upper  eyelids,  so  that  every  movement  of 
eyes  is  attended  with  pain.  7  p.m.,  very  violent  chilliness  for  \  h.— 
6th,  8  p.m.,  feeling  of  numbness  and  gone  to  sleep  in  both  scapul;^, — 
7th.     No  symptoms. 

i*  April  8ih,  2  h,  after  breakfast,  4  dr.  of  ist  diL  No  symptoms, 
— ilth,  5.30  a.m,,  4  dr.  Stitches  from  K  ala  nasi  going  up  nose  to 
inner  canthus  of  eye  ;  on  going  to  bed,  c.,  violent  chill  i  smarting  in 
nipples. — 12th,  Nosymptoms. —  13th.  On  stooping  violent  pains  in 
head  as  if  brain  fell  forward. — 14th,  Jo  p.m.  Violent  shooting  pains 
in  r.  knee  on  treading,  lasting  in  bed  on  moving. — 15th  to  igth.  No 
symptoms, — 20th.  Menses  came  on  8  d«  too  soon  1  eruption  on  neck 
and  back  as  on  17th. 

r,  April  25th,  5.30  a.m.,  6  dr.  of  2nd  dil.  Eruption  on  neck  and 
back  smarting  much. — 26th.  Rheumatic-nervous  pain  in  r.  maxillary 
joint  when  pressed. — 27th.  The  same, — 28th.  No  symptoms. — 29th, 
9  a.m.,  6  dr.  After  1  h.  nausea  with  eructation  of  frothy  fluid  ;  general 
soreness  for  i  h.  Afrer  dinner  transient  dull  tearing  pain  in  1.  upper 
arm,  from  shoulder  to  elbow. —  30th,  In  region  of  spleen  a  pain  as  if 
a  ball  turned  on  its  axis  ;  when  sitting,  violent  pain  betwixt  scapulas 
extending  to  sacrum  j  small  miliary  rash  on  forehead. — ^May  ist. 
Eruption  on  neck,  nape  and  back. — 2nd  and  3rd.  No  symptoms,^ 
4th.  From  6  a.m.  2  dr.  every  h.  No  symptoms. — 6th.  For  past  14  d. 
hawking  up  granular  viscid  stuff  (like  boiled  rice),  which  accumulates. 


671 


CALCIUM. 


—7th  to  9th.     No  symptoms. — loth,  6  a,m»,  6  dr.     No  sy 
. — I  rth,  6  a,m.,  6  dr.     No  symptoms. 

3.  a.  E,  B. — ,  March  7th,  6  a,m,,6  dr.  of  ^.  After  z  h 
in  I.  frontal  protuberance  ;  violent  shooting  pains  in  sacrum  b 
noon  ;  5  p.m ,  paralytic  state  of  r.  hand,  so  that  she  cannot 
thing. — 8th,  par^ilytic  state  as  before,  but  less, — 9th,  6  a. 
Shooting  pains  in  sacrum  ;  contractive  pains  in  abdomen 
uterus  j  shooting  in  both  lumbar  regions, — loth.  No  sym[ 
iith,  9  a,m.,  6  dr.  No  symptoms* — 12th.  Before  breakfast 
stools  in  rapid  succession,  and  one  after  breakfast* — rjth 
No  symptoms. — 21st,  9  p.m*,  3  dr. — 22nd.  On  rising  soi 
swallowing  painful,  lasts  all  d,  5  p.m.,  tearing  pain  from  out 
tibia  to  toes. — 23rd.  Same  pains,  only  slighter. — 24th  to  31 
No  symptoms. — 4th,  from  9  a.m.,  2  dr.  every  2  h.  till  9  p 
11,30  a.m*,  slight  pains  in  sacrum  j  at  noon  shooting  in 
rumbling  m  belly.  5  p.m.,  violent  stitches  in  r.  hip-jornt  on 
lasting  2  h. — 5th.  From  5  a.m.  2  dr.  every  2  h.  Noon,  ti 
both  scapulse,  between  shoulders,  then  in  nape  up  to  occiput  1 
head  ;  feeling  as  if  hairs  were  pulled  upwards  ;  tearing  in  bol 
and  through  feet,  and  in  r.  shoulder ;  7  p.m.,  violent  rigor 
followed  by  great  heat  in  head  for  \  h,  ;  tearing  in  foreh 
eyebrows  \  vertigo,  as  if  room  spun  round,  thinks  she  will 
chair — 6th.     No  symptoms, 

L  April  8th,  2  h.  after  breakfast,  4  dr,  of  1st  dil,.  6.1 
shooting  pain  up  1.  temple. — gih.  On  rising,  m.,  as  if  a  thorn 
1.  eye,  cannot  open  eye,  6.30  p.m.,  same  pain  as  before  in  !• 
— loth.  No  symptoms. — nth,  5.30  a.m,,  4  dr.  6,30  p.m.,  1 
in  sacrum.  7,30  p.m.,  violent  rigor  so  that  teeth  chatter. — 121 
after  rising  pain  and  stiffness  of  nape,  n.30  a*m.,  shootii 
scapula,  under  r.  short  ribs,  in  point  of  r.  elbow,  in  r.  kxieCi  i 
sinus  and  both  temples  ;  after  dinner  throbbing  pain  in  front 
so  that  she  must  always  frown^  which  gives  relief,  for  \  h, 
violent  throbbing  pain  in  forehead  ;  trembling  in  arms  and  leg* 
pain  m  Jst  phalanx  of  r  big  toe  on  moving  joint. — 14th  to  2* 
symptoms.     {Ibid,^  270,  et  seq.) 

4,  a,  HjLLER,    March  8ih,6a.m.,  6dr.of  tinct.     Tearing 
sacrum,  r.  knee,  L  shoulder-joint,  back,  1.  axilla,  ist  joint  of  r; 
tightness  over  epigastrium  and  hypochondria ;  stiffness  of  nape  j  1 
in  r.  sole;  in  e.  confused  head.^ — 9th.     Slight  tearing  in   r.  s 
joint. — loth,  6  a,m.,  6  dr.     Tearing  in  both  upper  arms  and  1 
shooting  in  1,  upper  arm  j  confused  head  \  sacral  pains  j  tens! 
knee.joint. —  nth    to    I3th»       No   symptoms. — 14th,    6    a,m 
Forenoon,  headache  in  forehead  and  above  eyes ;  tearing  in  1, 
and  middle  finger.     Afternoon,  sacral  pains ;  tearing  in  nape 
ness  i  dull  pressive  headache  in  middle  of  skull  superiorly  ;  resi 
with  anxious  dreams. —  15th.     Tearing  in  1.  thumb  and  midi 
and  sacrum  ;  difficulty  of  thinking. — ^i6th.     Same  pains  and  ti 
r.  arm. — 17th  to  27th,     No  symptoms, — 27th,  6  a.m.,  3  dr, 
noon,  headache  in  forehead  and  above  eyes  ;  tearing  betwixt 
sacral  pains;  tearing  m  1st  joint  of  r.  little  finger,  in  r.  hough. 


CALCIUM.  673 

noon,  tearing  in  coccyx,  in  I.  sole,  in  r.  shoulder-joint^  in  ist  joint  of 
1.  little  finger ;  in  1.  elbow-joint,  through  interior  of  both  ears  ;  great 
drowsiness,  e. ;  restless  sleep  with  dreams. — 28th.  Frontal  headache, 
tearing  in  1.  thumb  and  middle  finger  and  nape,  in  1.  metacarpus,  in  r. 
thigh. — 29th.     No  more  svmptoms. 

b.  May  nth,  8  a.m.,  6  dr.  of  Tst  dil.  Forenoon,  pain  in  sacrum  ; 
tearing  betwixt  scapulse,  in  r.  thigh^  in  r.  axilla,  in  1.  hip-joint,  in  1. 
hip-joint,  in  1.  wrist,  in  nuchal  muscles.  Afternoon,  shooting  in  r. 
lower  ribs;  tearing  in  ist  joint  of  r.  little  finger^  in  r.  shoulder,  in  ist 
joint  of  1.  thumb. — I2th.  Tension  in  calves  \  tearing  between 
shoulders,  in  r.  forearm,  in  1.  knee,  in  both  thighs.  Afternoon,  tearing 
in  1.  half  of  lower  jaw,  in  1.  ankle-joint,  down  1.  calf;  dislocative  pain 
in  r.  hip-joint;  stitches  through  head  from  before  backwards. — 13th. 
Tearing  m  1.  forearm,  betwixt  shoulders,  in  1.  hand,  in  ist  joint  of  1. 
thumb,  in  head,  in  nape,  in  coccyx,  in  r.  knee-joint,  in  1.  tencio  Achillis. 
— 14th.     Tearing  in  r.  thigh  and  knee-joint. 

c.  May  25th,  8  a.m.,  10  dr.  of  3rd  dil.  Forenoon,  tearing  in 
sacrum,  muscles  of  nape,  betwixt  scapulas,  1.  heel,  r.  calf,  r.  thigh. 
Afternoon,  tearing  in  lower  part  of  r.  tibia,  in  r.  thigh,  under  I.  arm, 
in  1.  hand,  r.  foot,  both  wrists,  ist  joint  of  r.  thumb,  both  knee-joints, 
1.  ankle-joint,  r.  mastoid  process,  r.  malar  bone ;  smarting  vesicles  filled 
with  lymph  on  various  parts  of  body. — 26th.  Forenoon,  tearing  in  1. 
knee,  ist  and  2nd  joint  of  r.  thumb,  1.  thigh,  nape.  Afternoon,  tearing 
between  shoulders. — 27th.  Afternoon,  tearing  in  r.  knee,  1.  arm,  I. 
hand,  I.  wrist,  1.  thigh. — 28th  and  29th.  Very  slight  tearing  in  arms 
and  legs. 

5.  Mrs.  H — ,  act.  40,  very  robust,  7  years  married,  3  children.  In 
perfect  health. — March  14th,  6  a.m.,  6  dr.  of  tinct.  Forenoon,  tearing 
sacral  pains;  head  confused.  Afternoon,  tearing  pain  from  r.  inner 
canthus  down  to  upper  lip,  with  feeling  of  swelling  of  part ;  stiff  neck 
from  noon  till  e. ;  restless  n.,  with  confused  head. — 15th.  Mucus  in 
throat  difficult  to  hawk  up,  this  nearly  causes  vomiting  for  2  d. ;  con- 
fusion of  head.  No  more  symptoms. — 27th,  6  a.m.,  3  dr.  Forenoon, 
dull  frontal  headache ;  great  pressure  and  heaviness  of  eyelids  ;  pain  in 
occiput  involving  whole  head.  Afternoon,  stiff  neck ;  sacral  pains ; 
rheumatic  pain  between  scapulas  with  shooting  on  manipulation  and 
tightness  to  sternum ;  tearing  in  r.  shoulder-joint ;  horripilation  up  back  ; 
molars  feel  furry ;  tearing  pains  from  eye  to  upper  lip. — 28th.  Restless 
n.,  many  dreams  ;  mucus  in  throat  as  above,  sacral  pains.  No  more 
symptoms.     {Ibid,) 

6.  a.  K.  B — ,  servant  girl,  aet.  17,  scrofulous  habit,  healthy. — 
March  loth,  6  a.m.,  6  dr.  of  tinct.  Noon,  stiff  neck;  frontal  head- 
ache, especially  above  eyes  ;  heat  in  head.  No  more  symptoms. — 14th, 
6  a.m.,  6  dr.  No  symptoms. — 27th,  6  a.m.,  6  dr.  Forenoon,  frontal 
headache.  Noon,  violent  headache  ;  stiffness  in  maxillary  joints  ;  molars 
seem  too  large  and  are  painful. 

b.  May  14th.  Took  14  dr.  of  ist  dil.,  without  effect  save  some 
tearing  in  r.  hip.     {Ibid.) 

7.  J.  L — ,  aet.  25,  surgeon,  robust,  but  subject  to  blind  piles. — 
March  I  ith,  I  ^  h.  after  breakfast,  6  dr.  of  tinct,     After  i  h.  slight  tearing 

4J 


674 


CALCIUM, 


pains  in  abdomen  ;  vertigo  ;  pressive  pain  in  occiput.  Noon,  shooting- 
tearing  movements  in  rectum  towards  anus;  tearing  stitches  through 
eyeballs  ;  pain  in  eye  as  if  it  were  pressed  out.  N.  good,  but  woke  in  m, 
with  tension  of  skin. —  I2th.  Vertigo. — 13th*  Tiresome  tension  in 
lower  extremities  ;  wandering  pains  in  limbs  ;  great  weariness  ;  anorexia. 
—  14th,  Same  symptoms. — 15th,  Anorexia;  bitter  taste  j  thickly- 
furred  greenish-yellow  tongue ;  tendency  to  vomit ;  tearing  from 
occiput  to  forehead  ;  sacral  pains  ;  rumbling  and  pinching  in  abdo- 
men. Noon,  continued  chilis  followed  by  heat. — 16th.  Symptoms 
like  those  of  yesterday,  better  in  the  e. — 17th  to  20th,  No  symptoms. 
— list,  i^  h,  after  breakfast,  3  dn  In  J  h,  tearing  in  abdomen  |  pres- 
sive pain  in  whole  head  ;  vertigo  ;  tension  of  cervical  muscles  on  both 
sides  ;  very  confused  head  (after  2  h.)  ;  nausea  and  desire  to  vomit  i 
spasmodic  contraction  of  stomach.  Noon,  great  weariness  ;  trembling 
of  limbs  ;  vertigo;  stitches  in  eyeball. — 22nd,  Vertigo, — 23rd,  No 
symptoms, — 24th.  Frequent  tension  or  aching  in  inner  car, — 25th« 
No  symptoms. 

if,  April  I  ith,  3  p.m.,  4  dr.  of  ist  dil.  Vertigo  in  c, ;  before  going 
to  stool  great  burning  of  skin. — I2th,  Vertigo  m, ;  creeping  in  rectum 
and  anus;  tension  in  back. — 13th.  All  d,  vertigo;  tearing  and 
shooting  in  eyes. — 14th,     No  symptoms. 

f.  April  26th,  9  a,m,,  4  dr,  of  2nd  dil  Vertigo,  Afternoon, 
tearing  in  eyes  ;  drawing  in  sacrum  ;  hemorrhoidal  sufferings. — 27th. 
Vertigo  ;  pain  in  eyes  j  confused  head  ;  tightness  across  sternum. — 28th. 
Pressive  pain  in  chest;  cough  with  expectoration  of  mucus  and  blood  ; 
singing  and  roaring  in  ears. — 29th,  Pressive  pain  in  chest ;  mucous 
'  expectoration  with  streaks  of  blood. — 30th.  Same  symptoms,  but 
slighter.     No  more  symptoms.     {Ibid,) 

8.  a,  L,  E — ,  servant-girl,  set.  16,  quite  healthy. — April  i  ith.  In 
m,  6  dr.  of  tinct.  No  symptoms, — 12th,  m,,  6  dr.  Tearing  in  frontal 
sinus  ;  confused  head  ;  shooting  in  larynx ;  hoarseness  ;  pinching  in 
abdomen. — 1 3th,  Shooting  in  T.  side  of  chest.  Noon,  when  breathing 
stitches  in  chest  and  cough, — 14th.  Headache  so  that  she  could  not 
think. 

b,  April  asth,  5.30  a.m.,  6  dr.  of  2nd  diL  6  p.m.,  tearing  in  L 
knee. — 26th  to  28th.  No  symptoms. — agth,  9  a.m.,  6  dr.  {  h*  after 
dinner  nausea  lasring  \  h.,  then  vomiting  of  sour  fluid. — 30th,  Pain 
in  1.  shoulder-joint  when  arm  hangs,  all  d, — May  ist  to  3rd.  No 
symptoms.     (Ibid.) 

9.  C,  F — ,  a  woman,  art.  25, — April  nth,  m.,  6  dr.  of  tinct. 
Vertigo;  pinching  in  abdomen ;  hoarseness;  feeling  of  roughness  in 
windpipe. — ^r2th,  m.,  6  dr.  Hoarseness  ;  cough  ;  pinching  in  abdomen  ; 
weariness. — 13th,  Vertigo;  severe  cough, ^ — 14th.  Feeling  in  head 
as  though  she  would  go  mad,     {Ibid,) 

10,  Mrs.  R — ,  «t.  32,  delicate  constitution. — March  20th,  Took 
a  tcaspoonful  of  tinct.  Great  confusion  of  head  in  front ;  vertigo  ;  great 
weariness ;  stitches  in  chest ;  cough  with  some  bloody  expectoration  | 
hoarseness  ;  pains  in  throat ;  these  symptoms  lasted  4  d.    {Ibid.) 

1 1,  E.  N~,  a  servant-gid,  ast.  20,  healthy. — March  20th.  Took 
a    teaspoonful,  and  in  i  h.  half  a  teaspoonful.     Severe  chill ;  hoarse* 


CALCIUM.  675 

nes8  and  pain  in  throat,  cannot  swallow ;  violent  headache ;  cough 
with  stitches  in  chest ;  pinching  in  abdomen ;  extreme  exhaus- 
tion, must  lie  down.  The  throat  symptoms  and  cough  lasted  8  d. 
{Ibid.) 

12.  A  woman,  set.  40,  whom  I  had  treated  for  arthritic  disease,  got 
aq.  calcis  ^iv,  to  take  2  teaspoonfuls  every  n.  and  m.  After  talcing  it 
for  some  time  she  said  that  it  caused  burning  in  fouces  and  cesophagus, 
and  dryness  of  mouth.  The  inner  m.m.  of  lower  lip  was  slightly 
reddened  and  traversed  by  small  blood-vessels  ;  also  burning  in  stomach. 
(Keil,  Z./.  h.  KLy  iii,  149.) 

13.  Took  aq.  calcis  in  teaspoonful  dose.  Chilliness  for  several 
weeks  in  summer.  In  doses  of  i  to  2  teaspoonfuls  daily  it  caused  red 
and  dry  eyes — a  kind  of  conjunctivitis,  obstinate  chilliness,  sometimes 
constipation,  falling  out  of  hair.     (Liedbeck,  A.  h.  Z.,  xlv,  38.) 

Calcarea  iodata.     Iodide  of  calcium,  Calj. 

I.  Provings. — i.  W.  J.  Blakeley,  M.D.  Dec.  9th,  1866,  at 
9.30  p.m.,  took  3  gr.  of  ist  cent.  trit.  of  C.  iod.  In  10  m.  dull  heavv 
pain  in  forehead,  sharp  and  piercing  in  r.  temple ;  followed  by  dull 
heavy  lameness  in  r.  arm ;  persistent  itchine  on  r.  elbow^  afterwards 
same  on  1.  knee  ;  aching  in  I.  temple  also  ;  fulness  in  forehead,  aggra- 
vated by  stooping ;  severe  laming  pain  in  external  portion  of  r.  arm, 
with  numbness  of  hand  and  fingers.  On  waking  next  m.  had  still 
same  dull  aching  as  on  previous  n.  At  7.50  a.m.,  repeated  dose. 
Immediate  attack  of  same  dull  headache  as  before,  and  constant  evacua- 
tion of  large  quantities  of  wind  downwards.  Repeated  dose  at  10  a.m. 
While  riding,  i  ^  h.  later,  against  a  cold  wind  had  very  severe  headache 
over^orehea^  and  in  temples.  Repeated  dose  at  5.20  p.m.  After  i  h. 
itching  in  various  parts  of  body,  migrating  from  place  to  place,  only 
relievwi  after  much  scratching.  At  7.20,  took  gr.  ss.  After  5  m.  mouth 
and  gums  burn  like  fire ;  astringent  taste,  as  of  alum  \  severe  dull  head- 
ache in  forehead  and  both  temples,  especially  r.  Pulse  80,  regular  and 
soft.  Tired  feeling  in  legs,  especially  calves,  and  weariness  of  whole 
body.  Next  d.  frontal  and  temporal  pain  persists.  At  1.30  p.m.,  6  gr. 
of  1st  trit.,  and  at  10.15,  3  gr.  of  2nd  trit.  While  making  latter  tem- 
poral headache  increased ;  after  taking  it  slight  pain  in  abdomen  and 
across  anterior  upper  third  of  both  thighs  as  if  beaten.  Next  d.  frontal 
pain  extends  to  r.  side  of  fiice  and  a  molar  tooth  \  and  again  great 
evacuation  of  wind.     {Hahn.  Monthly^  iii,  267.) 

2.  Mr.  J.  L — ,  act.  30,  nervo-bilious  temperament.  Dec.  loth, 
1866,  10.15  p.m.,  took  3  gr.  2nd  cent.  trit.  ii  p.m.,  light-headed; 
easy  indolent  feeling,  indifference  to  anything  ;  ^^  sensation  as  if  my  head 
wasn't,  yet  was  "  (Dr.  Blakeley  did  not  see  the  prover  again,  and  cannot 
explain  this  sensation).  11.10  p.m.,  numbness  and  ringing  in  ears; 
inclined  to  belch  wind  (after  i  h.) ;  slight  hiccough.  11.20,  rumbling 
in  the  bowels  with  discharge  of  wind.  11.35  p.m.,  slight  nausea; 
dry  furred  feeling  on  lips  and  tongue.  Dec.  nth,  7  a.m.  Slight 
giddv  headache,  pain  over  eyes,  stiffness  of  back  of  neck,  desire  for 
stool,  with  great  discharge  of  wind.  7.20  a.m.,  took  3  gr.  2nd  cent. 
trit.     8   a.m.,  stifFness  of  neck  continues.    9  a.m.,   bitter  taste  in 


676 


CALOTROPIS, 


mouth  like  myrrh,  not  disagreeable,  9.20  a,m.,  bitter  taste  partially 
relieved  by  tobacco.  Dec,  1 2th,  7*30  a»m,>  took  3  gr*  2nd  cent,  trit* 
1  i  a.m.,  no  symptoms  save  fulness  of  the  head.  1 1.35  a.m.,  slight  pain 
in  the  head,  with  heaviness  over  the  eyes  and  nose.     (Ilfid,) 

Calcarea  muriatica.    Calcium  chloride,  CaCI^. 

1.  ProviHgs. — K  Dr.  August  Wjmmer,  act,  57,  experimented  in 
Oct,,  1876,  for  3  vpeeks,  and  in  April,  1877,  for  4  weeks*  For  ist 
week  of  each  period  he  observed  his  body  in  health  ;  for  2nd  week  he 
took  daily  O'S  grm.,  for  3rd  week  i  grm.  of  salt  in  a  glass  of  water. 
Following  are  results  of  second  experiment,  but  are  in  perfect  harmony 
with  those  of  first. 

<7.  Appetite,  tongue,  heart  and  pulse  were  unaffected.  During  3rd 
week  there  was  increased  thirst.  The  drug  has  a  decided  diuretic 
effect.  In  2nd  week  urine  increased  daily  by  68  grms.,  beginning  from 
4th  d. ;  in  3rd  week  by  29  grms.  In  4th  week,  though  thirst  required 
an  extra  75  grms.  of  fluid,  urine  increased  by  60  grms.  only* 

h.  Stool  remained  of  normal  consistence  till  4th  week,  when  it 
became  more  pappy.  In  3rd  week  it  increased  daily  by  6  grms,  and  in 
4th  by  19  grms. 

c.  Discharge  through  skin  and  lungs  hardly  changed  at  all  in  and 
week  ;  in  3rd  it  fell  by  a  daily  average  of  13  grms. ;  in  4th  it  rose  by 
40  grms,,  but  this  increase  is  probably  to  be  ascribed  to  higher  tempera- 
ture of  this  period,  causing  increased  perspiration, 

d.  Notwithstanding  diuretic  effect  there  was  increase  also  of  solid 
matters  in  urine.  Sp.  gr.  increased  regularly  from  1012*5  in  1st  week 
to  1 023*2  in  4th.  All  constituents  participated  in  this  increase  save 
uric  acid,  which  in  4th  week  was  less  by  0704  grm.perSem^  urea  being 
more  by  5*42  grms.,  sulphuric  acid  by  i  '69  grm.,  chlorine  by  2*26  grms,, 
and  phosphoric  acid  by  079  grm.  Regular  decrease  of  weight  of  body 
corresponded  with  increased  oxidation,  so  that  during  3  weeks  it  lost 
1700  grms.  (17  kilo.).  State  of  health  also  changed  for  worse  about 
middle  of  4th  week.  A  feeling  of  exhaustion,  weakness,  and  disincli- 
nation for  work  began  to  be  felt  ;  and  though  from  the  increased  oxi- 
dation a  demand  for  more  food  might  have  been  expected,  there  was 
actually  an  indifference  to  it.  {The  Saline  fVaters  of  Krtuznach^ 
1878:  from  Allen.) 

Calcarea  phosphorica,     Tricalcic  phosphate,  Ca32P04. 

I.  Provings. —  I.  Herikg, — <?.  From  2nd  trit. — Easily  excited; 
headache, — like  a  confusion  all  over  inner  sides  of  skull  (x/V), — in  m. 
on  waking,  a  heavy  painful  confusion,  as  if  close  to  bone,  from  within 
and  without,  worse  on  vertex,  disappearing  on  mental,  returning  on 
(or  aggravated  by)  bodily  exertion,  relieved  by  washing  with  cold 
water, — like  a  fulness,  a  painful  pressure  of  brain  against  skull,  molt 
severe  on  top,  first  recurring  at  short  regular  intervals,  then  continuous, 
aggravated  on  any  movement,  especially  on  rising  from  sitting  or 
recumbency  (when  it  is  accompanied  with  vertigo),  better  while  lying 
still, — ^with  hot  head  and  face,  together  with  ill-humour  and  indolence^ 
— in  m.,  with  sore-throat, — not  aggravated  by  taking  wine,  but  severe  on 


CALCIUM.  677 

going  afterwards  into  open  air,  relieved  while  scratching  head, — better 
at  first  from  going  out ;  sensation  as  if  something  were  in  eye,  felt 
always  anew  if  even  after  several  d.  it  is  only  mentioned ;  violent 
painful  biting  in  1.  eyelid,  towards  external  canthus,  compelling  violent 
rubbing,  which  causes  pain,  but  does  not  relieve ;  frequent  violent  sneez- 
ing, with  rimning  from  nose  and  flow  of  saliva,  thin  bright  streaks  of 
blood  on  mucus ;  sometimes  sensation  as  if  something  had  got  into 
nose,  which  could  not  be  got  out ;  kind  of  contraction  in  throat,  as 
after  much  weeping  or  after  running ;  sore-throat  in  m.  on  waking, 
worse  r.  side,  low  down  in  back  of  fauces,  worse  when  swallowing,  dis- 
appears during  breakfast,  warm  drink  causing  no  pain  ;  nausea  after 
coffee,  incipient  heartburn  and  exceedingly  unpleasant  sensation,  with 
confusion  and  pain  of  head  and  great  ill-humour  \  difficult  passage  of 
flatus,  followed  by  slight  relief;  very  dark  urine  in  afternoon,  quite 
unusual ;  cutting-drawing  pains  in  glans  penis,  extending  towards  tip, 
only  while  sitting,  not  very  severe,  but  sensation  exceedingly  un- 
pleasant i  creaking  on  1.  side  of  sternum,  like  cracking  in  joints ;  ten- 
sive pain  below  r.  shoulder-blade,  extending  forward ;  pain  and  numb- 
ne^of  1.  arm  in  afternoon  (drug  taken  in  m.);  no  sleep  till  2  or  3 
a.m. ;  dreams  of  dangers,  without  fear,— of  fire,  without  many  flames  ; 
especially  chilly  when  going  into  open  air,  but  warm  room  is  oppressive. 

h.  From  crude  salt. — Headache  in  afternoon,  with  diminished 
appetite  and  dread  of  labour,  some  pressure  on  both  sides  towards  back, 
relieved  for  awhile  during  supper,  but  continuing  somewhat  during  e., 
relieved  3  or  4  times  by  sudden  sneezing,  which  leaves  sense  of  sore- 
ness in  nostrils,  some  remaining  next  m.,  but  with  general  well-feeling, 
unusual  appetite,  and  more  readiness  for  work  ;  itching  on  scalp,  pro- 
voking scratching,  for  several  e. ;  severe  burning  pain  excited  thereby 
on  small  spot  above  r.  ear,  with  great  sensitiveness  to  slightest  touch, 
disappearing  suddenly ;  itching  in  eyes ;  itching  and  soreness  within  r. 
angle  of  nose  near  tip ;  sensation  as  if  something  were  sticking  into 
lower  incisors,  it  feels  like  a  small  painful  swelling  of  the  gum  ;  saliva 
copious  and  acid ;  appetite  better  than  for  a  long  time  previously  ; 
diarrhoea  after  cider, — in  which  were  many  small  white  points,  or 
flakes,  like  pus,  scarcely  perceptible  (3rd  d.) ;  stool  in  e.  (unusual), 
scanty,  with  very  much  flatulence ;  genito- urinary  organs  seem  gene- 
rally aflPected  after  passage  of  stool  and  urine ;  frequently  obliged  to 
take  a  deep,  sighing  breath ;  sound  sleep  at  first,  but  early  waking ; 
many  dreams,  quite  unusual,  with  thoughts  about  many  events ;  fre- 
quent creeping  shiverings,  with  motion  of  scrotum  (not  like  that  after 
urinating). 

r.  Without  indication  of  dosage, — pain  beneath  hollow  of  knee 
every  time  it  is  strongly  bent  (as,  for  example,  in  drawing  on  boots, 
when  it  hurts  greatly),  making  use  of  whole  limbs  uncertain,  as  in 
walking  and  jumping.     (Allentown  Provings,  1837:  from  Allen.) 

2.  %UT£  proved  4th  on  several  persons. 

a.  Great  weakness  and  weariness  soon  after  taking  it ;  sharp  pains 
in  stomach  and  knees,  with  headache,  lasting  whole  d.  Next  m.  pain 
in  r.  great  toe,  worse  when  walking,  lasting  all  d.  After  a  few  d. 
repeated   dose,  which   renewed  pain  in  stomach  and  headache,  with 


6:8 


CALCIUM. 


diarrhcea;  pain  in  stomach  continued  next  d.,  was  very  severe  at 
times,  with  watery  and  burning  stools;  diarrhcea  continued  3rd  d», 
with  violent  pain  in  stomach  on  every  attempt  to  eat  anything ;  much 
better  4th  d.j  well  on  sth. 

h.  Woman,  soon  after  taking  it,  felt  weak  and  prostrated^  with 
flushes  of  heat  in  head  ^  3  h,  later  severe  pain  in  n  knee,  so  that  she 
could  scarcely  walk ;  she  felt  as  though  she  had  received  blow  on  inner 
side  of  knee ;  with  pain,  sensation  of  soreness,  both  lasting  2  d.  A 
2nd  dose  taken  some  d.  afterwards  had  same  effect,  aggravated  by 
bending  knee. 

r.  Daughter  of  above,  aet.  12,  had  same  symptoms  from  same  dose, 
only  more  severe ;  weakness,  severe  headache,  pain  and  sense  of  soreness 
in  1.  thigh,  which  after  a  time  extended  into  knee,  and  lasted  there  24 
h* ;  after  disappearance  of  pain  knee  still  sensitive  to  touch,  as  i^  beaten. 

d.  Son,  aet,  10,  was  also  affected  by  violent  pain  in  1.  knee, 
extending  to  sole  of  foot. 

If.  An  infant  she  was  nursing,  and  which  had  just  begun  to  stand, 
would  not  stand  any  longer. 

y*.  While  nursing  Sth  child  during  6th  month,  4  dr.  in  water 
caused  labour  pains  going  down  thighs,  with  involuntary  stool,  and 
some  blood  from  vagina  (in  a  strong,  healthy  woman,  who  never  had 
catamenia  while  nursing  before). 

g.  Following  symptoms  are  given  without  note  of  subject : — Vqtj 
offensive  diarrhoea ;  diarrhcea  and  pain  in  ball  of  thumb ;  pain  in 
region  of  kidneys,  when  lifting,  digging,  blowing  nose,  frequently  so 
violent  as  to  cause  crying  out ;  urine  dark -coloured,  hot,  smelling  like 
strong  tea  j  severe  pain  above  sacrumj  and  in  hips,  soon  after  taking  it  j 
loss  of  power  of  whole  L  arm,  for  i  h. ;  very  sensitive  pain  from  L 
elbow -joint  to  shoulder  \  all  fingers  feel  paralysed ;  pain  in  fingers  of 
r.  hand  when  writing  in  c.  j  ulcerative  pain  in  roots  of  finger*nails  of 
r.  hand,  especially  of  middle  finger;  sharp  pains  in  both  knees  when 
walking  in  afternoon  of  2nd  d. ;  pain  in  r,  calf,  so  violent  that  he 
could  scarcely  raise  leg  (m.  of  3rd  d.) ;  very  unpleasant  formication 
over  whole  abdomen,  for  1 4  h,  (5  h.  after  8  dr.) ;  she  feels  very 
uncomfortable  ;  distended  veins*     {Ibid^) 

3.  Green* — Much  flatulence  and  borborygmus,  with  some  pain, 
after  2  doses  of  1st;  same,  but  much  more  severe,  after  a  3rd  dose, 
together  with  confusion  of  head,  which  soon  increased  to  a  dull  pain, 
which  was  always  more  sensitive  on  stooping  ;  this  continued  more  or 
less  severe  during  whole  d.,  till  a  thin  evacuation  followed,  preceded  by 
sensitive  pain  ;  quite  well  next  d.  From  2nd  had  mcteorism  and  pain  in 
abdomen,  followed  bv  stool  and  immediate  relief  of  symptoms,     {Ibid,) 

4.  Humphry. — Proved  2nd  ;  symptoms  occurred  after  2nd  dose, 
and  gradually  diminished  till  4th  d.,  when  they  disappeared.  They 
were — complete  loss  of  memory,  so  that  he  forgets  what  he  has  just 
done,  or  what  he  should  do  next  i  towards  noon  of  1st  d.  nausea  lasting 
2  h,,  with  vertigo  and  headache,  worse  when  stooping,  also  flatulence 
in  abdomen,  head  and  thoughts  confused  ;  pains  m  various  parts  of 
body,  frequently  shooting  along  muscles  into  joints^ — small  of  back, 
knees,  and  thumbs  are  specially  affected.     On  3rd  and  4th  d*,  severe 


CALCIUM.  679 

pain  in  abdomen,  with  flatulence  and  unusually  frequent  stools,  at  first 
natural,  afterwards  soft ;  also  frequent  copious  passage  of  urine,  with 
weakness  and  weariness.     (IbiJ.) 

5.  S.  M.  Cate,  M.D. — Proved  drug  prepared  as  follows : 
Five  parts  of  calcined  ox  bones,  finely  powdered,  were  well  mixed  with  6  parts  of 
oxalic  aad  and  20  to  30  of  distilled  water.  After  standing  24  h.  whole  mixture  was 
filtered  for  purpose  of  separating  precipitated  oxalate  of  lime.  The  solution  of  phos- 
phoric acid  after  standing  till  an  extraneous  particles  had  subsided  was  decantea,  and 
bicarbonate  of  soda  added  in  small  Quantities  till  acid  reaction  ceased.  This  solution 
of  phosphate  of  soda  was  evaporated  on  a  sand  bath  till  it  crystallised.  The  crystals 
were  then  collected  and  dried  on  a  filter.  To  boiling  acetic  acid  pulverised  oyster 
shells  were  added  as  lon^  as  the  acid  would  act  on  them,  and  the  clear  solution 
evaporated  and  crystallised.  One  and  a  half  parts  of  the  phosphate  of  soda,  and  one 
part  of  the  acetate  of  lime,  were  each  separately  dissolved  in  convenient  quantities  of 
water,  and  the  two  solutions  mixed.  The  precipitated  phosphate  of  lime  was  collected 
on  a  filter,  thoroughly  washed  and  dried  on  bibulous  paper. 

Prover  was  of  a  nervous  bilious  temperament.  Health  generally 
good,  though  somewhat  inclined  to  diarrhcea,  especially  when  over- 
loading stomach.  Tongue,  from  early  recollection,  has  been  coated  on 
the  middle  and  dorsum,  and  scalp  covered  with  dandruff.  Oct.  7th, 
1854. — Weather  warm  and  clear.  Took  4  gr.  ist.  trit.  at  12  m. 
8th. — ^Took  5  gr.  at  8  a.m.  At  9  felt  sharp  pain  under  1.  scapula, 
towards  spine,  continuing  10  m.,  followed  by  dull  pain  in  1.  shoulder- 
joint.  At  12  m.,  took  5  gr.  Weather  wet  and  rainy.  In  ij  h.  dull 
pain  in  legs  from  knees  to  feet,  continuing  for  J  h.  4  p.m.,  feeling  of 
great  hunger,  very  unusual.  Dull  pain  in  head  all  d.,  increased 
towards  n.,  and  from  4  to  6  p.m.  nausea.  From  5.30  to  6  sharp  pain 
at  pit  of  stomach ;  nausea  and  pain  in  head  increased  therewith. 
Bread  had  bitter  taste.  Pain  in  stomach  and  head  relieved  by  food. 
Weariness  of  legs^  especially  below  knees,  as  if  from  severe  labour. 
From  8  to  8.30,  severe  pain  m  front  of  r.  ankle,  followed  by  soreness 
about  sheaths  of  tendons, — most  on  extending  and  flexing  foot.  At  6 
p.m.,  smart  itching  vesicle  on  1.  wrist ;  itching  of  1.  cheek,  nose,  and 
chin.  At  9,  sharp  pain  in  abdomen,  around  navel,  with  slight  feeling 
of  soreness.  Aching  in  r.  arm,  in  1.  temple  and  shoulder-joint. 
lasting  a  short  time.  9th. — Pain  in  r.  wrist,  with  lameness  as  if 
bruised,  at  7  a.m.,  lasting  i  h.  Escape  of  considerable  flatus,  during 
whole  forenoon.  Increased  appetite.  loth. — Took  5  gr.  at  9  p.m. 
nth,  at  6  a.m.,  took  5  gr.  more.  From  12  m.  to  9  p.m.,  frequent  and 
profuse  discharge  of  clear  urine.  9  a.m.,  violent  itching  of  1.  wrist, 
with  burning  after  scratching.  The  latter  part  of  the  n.,  and  in  m., 
dull  pain  as  if  from  a  bruise  each  side  of  dorsal  spine.  12th. — Took 
5  gr.  at  6  a.m.  Fluent  coryza  during  forenoon,  with  dull  pain  in  head 
from  II  to  12.  13th,  6  a.m.,  6  gr.,  and  10  gr.  at  9.  Abundant 
emission  of  flatus.  Appetite  diminished  in  m.,  but  good  at  noon.  3 
p.m.,  severe  pain  in  region  of  transverse  colon,  for  i  h.  Dry  hacking 
cough  of  a  few  m.  duration.  5  p.m.,  dull  pain  in  small  spot  in  r.  chest, 
near  mammary  gland,  lasting  i  h.  In  m.  after  rising,  a  thin,  copious 
fiaecal  discharge.  An  empty,  sinking  sensation  at  epigastrium,  7  p.m. 
14th. — Diarrhcea  early  on  rising.  At  6  a.m.,  8  gr.  Emission  of 
fcetid  flatus  during  d. ;  tremulous  motion  of  hands.  10  p.m.,  10  gr. 
Pain  on  each  side  of  lumbar  and  dorsal  spine,  as  from  a  bruise,  when 


68o 


CALCIUM. 


awakening  on  following  m.  Disappeared  after  exercise.  15th,  6  a*tn* 
and  6  p.m.,  8  gr.  After  movement  of  bowels,  pain  in  rectum^ 
extending  up  5  or  6  in*,  lasting  some  10  m.  A  sharp  pain  at  about 
6th  rib  of  r,  chest,  a  little  to  r,  of  mamma,  worse  on  inspiration^ 
lasting  10  m,  5  p.m.,  a  like  pain  at  a  corresponding  point  of  1.  chest, 
Considerable  soreness  of  r.  chest  when  pressed  upon  ;  some,  but  less, 
in  1.  chest.  Dull  pain  in  1.  arm  between  elbow  and  wrist.  Yesterday, 
soreness  of  throat ;  to-day,  tonsils,  uvula,  and  pharynx  red  and  swollen, 
with  pain  increased  by  swallowing.  Pain  in  middle  of  abdomen 
during  and  after  eating,  lasting  ^  h* ;  this  pain  abated  after  copious 
emission  of  foetid  flatus.  ^  h.  after,  dull  pain  in  epigastrium.  At  6 
p»m.,  sharp  pain  in  tendons  of  inner  hamstrings,  when  walking,  lasting 
20  m.  For  the  last  2  d,  obtuseness  of  intellect ;  difRculty  of  perform- 
ing any  ordinary  intellectual  operations  j  when  composing  would  write 
throat  for  tonsils,  red  for  swollen,  &c,,  not  clearly  distinguishing  the 
things  under  consideration.  Dull  pain  in  head  at  times  through  d« 
Urine  has  continued  profuse,  frequent,  and  watery,  since  nth  ;  but  no 
unusual  thirst.  i6th,  6  a.m,  took  6  gr.  Soreness  of  muscles  of  back 
continues  on  getting  up  in  m,  M,  cool  and  rainy.  After  dressing, 
seized  with  chills,  and  shivering,  lasting  ^  h.,  till  after  a  brisk  walk  of 
half  a  mile;  with  chill,  hacking  cough  and  fluent  coryza.  After 
chill,  dull  pain  in  head ;  sharp  pain  in  1.  chest,  about  7th  rib,  and  to  I. 
of  mamma,  followed  by  dull  pain,  felt  more  when  inspiring  deeply, — 
and  this  still  continues  (8  p.m.).  Sharp  pain  for  short  time  in  region 
of  spleen  (8  p.m.).  Diminution  of  sexual  desire  since  commencement 
of  proving.  I'he  pains  above  described  in  chest  were  felt  very  often 
through  d.  At  11,30  a,m.,  pain  in  r.  arm  from  elbow  to  hand,  with 
lameness  of  wrist,  aJl  lasting  till  9  p.m.  From  8  to  9  p.m.,  burning 
at  stomach,  and  rising  of  water  into  mouth  (water-brash).  9  p.m., 
took  8  gr.  17th. — Last  n.  dreams  of  travelling,  of  robbers ;  of  an 
army  of  cats.  Inflammation  of  throat  continues  ;  yesterday,  moderate 
pain  most  of  the  time  when  swallowing  ;  this  m.  pain  more  marked, 
and  inflammation  gradually  increases.  Sharp  pain  in  region  of  heart, 
when  making  an  inspiration  (especially  a  deep  one)  j  dull  pain  in  head. 
Involuntary  sighing,  at  times^  for  last  3  d.  6  p*m,,  took  6  gr. 
Itching  of  edge  of  r.  eyelid  for  a  short  time.  Pain  in  region  of  heart, 
violent  at  times.  Sharp  pain  in  region  of  lumbar  vertebrae  and  top  of 
sacrum,  lasting  a  short  time,  followed  by  soreness.  Sharp  pain  between 
4th  and  5th  L  ribs,  a  little  to  1.  of  heart,  occurring  frequently  during 
forenoon  ;  so  sharp  and  severe  as  to  cut  off  the  breath  at  times.  The 
sharp  pain  would  last  10  or  15  m.,  leaving  a  soreness  for  a  longer  or 
shorter  time,  and  then  come  on  again.  After  break&st  much  loud 
belching  of  wind  ;  sharp  pain  in  1.  hypogastrium,  lasting  a  short  time. 
Pain  in  1.  chest  has  been  troublesome  through  afternoon  ;  felt  most 
during  a  deep  inspiration,  though  not  all  the  time  present  (j/V).  Sharp 
pain  in  r.  chest,  by  turns,  during  same  time.  Dull  pain  in  head  with 
confusion  ;  increased  on  stooping ;  worse  at  times.  9  p.m.,  took  8  gr. 
1 8th. — Dr)'ness  of  throat  last  n.  Vivid  dreams  of  travelling.  No 
other  new  symptoms  till  2  h.  after  dinner ;  then  heartburn,  lasting  for 
some  time.     Mind  is  less  dull  and  muddy  than  for  several  d.     19th.*- 


CALCIUM.  68i 

No  medicine  since  last  date ;  no  new  symptoms  last  n.  Pains  in  chest 
troublesome,  though  not  constant  through  d.  Pain  with  soreness 
under  1.  scapula*  Heartburn  commencing  about  an  h.  after  each  meal, 
and  lasting  i  h.  Crampy  pain  in  nape  of  neck,  first  on  one  side  and 
then  on  other,  lasting  for  a  short  time.  Feeling  of  languor  and  hazi- 
ness in  e.,  and  aversion  to  mental  labour.  20th. — Frequent  and 
urgent  desire  to  urinate  in  forenoon  ;  water  pretty  clear,  and  aggregate 
quantity  large.  From  12  m.  to  5  p.m.,  no  opportunity  to  pass  urine. 
By  2  desire  was  urgent  and  pain  in  bladder  considerable ;  pain  kept 
increasing  from  2  to  5,  at  which  time  it  was  verv  severe  in  bladder 
above  pubes  and  in  prostate  gland  and  neck  of  bladder.  The  water 
passed  in  a  feeble  stream,  occupying  considerable  time.  After  all  had 
passed,  considerable  soreness  of  bladder,  followed  by  frequent  micturi- 
tion. Though  the  urine  had  often  been  retained  much  longer  without 
difficulty,  it  was  evident  that  this  group  of  troubles  of  the  bladder  arose 
from  over-distension,  and  that  the  medicine  affected  the  bladder  only 
through  the  increased  secretion  of  urine.  Very  sleepy  in  e. ;  slept 
sound  for  10  h.  in  succession.  Pains  and  soreness  still  felt  about  chest, 
though  not  so  constantly  as  several  d.  ago.  21st. — No  new  symptoms 
till  to-day  an  h.  after  dinner,  when  dull  pain  in  stomach,  with  soreness 
on  pressure,  occurred.  Burning  itching  of  outer  ear  in  e.,  lasting  ^  h. 
Violent  pain  in  r.  toes  and  foot  to  instep,  lasting  ^  h.  22nd. — Dimi- 
nution of  aphrodisiac  sense  still  continues,  and  whole  function  seems  so 
weak  as  to  be  well-nigh  removed,  and  has  been  so  since  2nd  d.  of 
proving.  The  excitement  reaches  a  low  pitch,  at  which  it  culminates 
from  slight  cause, — simulating  impotency.  Urine  more  natural ;  but 
emitted  flatus  still  very  fcetid,  and  abundant.  Pains  in  bowels  still 
present,  at  times  through  d.,  lasting  a  few  m.,  and  generally  followed 
by  flatulent  emissions,  showing  that  pains  were  caused  by  flatus. 
Pains  in  stomach  still  come  on  about  i  h.  after  each  meal,  with  sore- 
ness of  stomach  to  pressure,  and  accompanied  at  times  with  loud 
belchings  of  empty  tasteless  flatus,  which  affords  relief.  Pains  in 
bowels  to-day  most  in  region  of  ascending  and  transverse  colon.  Pains 
in  chest  still  troublesome,  passing  from  place  to  place ;  felt  in  central 
part  of  1.  chest  in  front,  and  passing  thence  under  1.  scapula,  but  of  a 
less  acute  character,  more  sore  and  aching.  Pains  still  aggravated  by 
deep  inspiration.  A  sharp  pain  as  though  some  round  sharp  instru- 
ment was  pushing  out  through  the  lower  end  of  sternum,  for  a  short 
time,  at  about  12  m.  Burning  itching  of  outer  ears  when  in  a  warm 
room,  after  riding  in  open  air  (which  was  not  cold),  and  on  putting 
hand  to  the  ears  was  surprised  to  find  they  were  not  hot,  though  they 
were  red.  This  burning  has  been  troublesome  all  d.  when  indoors. 
Inclination  to  sigh  continues  and  is  marked  ;  I  find  myself  making 
frequent  involuntary  inspirations;  this  has  been  for  a  number  of  days. 
23rd. — Symptoms  diminished ;  but  gloomy  and  discontented.  Many  of 
the  above  symptoms  continued  to  recur  for  several  d.,  but  in  a  gradually 
diminished  degree,  till  finally  all  disappeared.  ( Trans,  of  Amer.  Inst, 
ofHom.^  1858.)  f 

6.  W.  B.  Chamberlain,  M.D.,  of  a  sanguineous  temperament 
and  full  habit,  took  6  gr.  of  1st  trit.  without  knowing  what  he  was 


682 


CALCIUM* 


taking.     Feeling  in  stomach  as  if  distended  by  food.     Dull,  sleepy, 
oppressive  pain,  embracing  whole  head,  but  most  in  cerebellum.     Slight 

J'crking  pain  in  r,  knee-joint.  Bilious,  slimy,  offensive  faecal  evacuations, 
umpy  and  covered  with  mucus,  as  many  as  12  stools  a  d.,  with  little 
pain.  Seem  to  be  more  of  a  dysenteric  character  as  the  disease  pro- 
gresses. Stool  in  m,  soon  after  rising,  mostly  bloody  mucus.  Slight 
pain  low  down  in  bowels.  Frequent  urging  to  stool  with  small  dis- 
charges, attended  with  pain  in  head.  Abdomen  feels  weak.  Took 
last  medicine  on  Friday,  and  the  symptoms  were  at  their  height  on 
following  Sunday,  and  continued  with  gradual  abatement  till  last  of 
week.     {Ibid,) 

7,  E.  M.  Jones,  M.D.,  sanguine  temperament  and  very  active, 
Jan.  1 1  th,  1855,  weather  cold  and  clear,  took  3  gr.  (?  of  pure  substance) 
at  9  a,m.  In  \  h,  fulness  and  pressure  in  head,  aggravated  by  pressure 
of  hat,  lasting  at  intervals  all  d.  Not  subject  to  headache.  1 2th. 
— Slept  well  all  n.,  but  during  forenoon  pain  in  all  limbs,  worse  in  gas- 
trocnemii,  as  from  a  cold.  Dull  heavy  feeling  in  head  and  sensation  of 
fulness  and  repletion  of  stomach ;  soft  stool,  but  otherwise  natural. 
Took  4  gr. ;  biting  stinging  in  small  spot  on  1,  natis.  4  p.m.,  biting 
stinging  in  front  corner  of  L  nostril,  succeeded  by  sneezing  and  lachry- 
mation  from  1.  eye  j  whole  group  disappeared  within  30  m.  i^th, 
6  a.m.,  4  gr.  Returned  to  bed.  Drawing  pains  in  gastrocncmii.  Soft 
pappy  stool.  Slight  momentary  headache  in  forehead  over  1,  eye. 
Shock  of  pain  in  1.  ear.  Dull  pressive  frontal  headache  lasting  all  d. 
Sensation  of  faintness  or  emptiness  in  pharynx  continued  from  last  n. 
I4th,^^ — Slept  well.  7.30  a*m.,  4  gr.  Empty  sensation  in  throat 
continues.  4  p.m.,  4  gr.  15th. — Soft  stool,  but  difficult  of  expulsion. 
12  m,,  headache  principally  on  1.  side,  pressive,  occasionally  throbbing, 
aggravated  by  stepping  or  quick  motion.  i6th. — ^Stool  rather  costive, 
expelled  with  difficulty.  17th,  7*30  a.m.,  6  gr.  In  an  h.  biting 
stinging  in  front  of  corner  of  r.  nostril,  accompanied  by  slight  sneezing 
and  lachrymation  (similar  to  that  on  the  12th),  Slight  flatulency. 
4  p.m.,  4  gr,  1 8th. — ^Before  rising  in  ra.  sudden  sharp  cuttings  or 
stitches  in  region  of  heart,  cutting  short  the  breath  both  m  expiration 
and  inspiration,  continuing  about  5  m.  and  then  going  off.  Slight  pains 
of  same  nature  preventing  a  full  breath,  occasionally  during  d,  1%  m., 
sharp  shootings  through  temples,  leaving  a  momentary  soreness  of  r. 
temple  after  pain  had  gone.  Shooting  through  perineum  and  into 
penis.  Shooting  through  1.  thigh,  19th. — Aching  in  outer  side  of  r. 
knee  in  bed,  soon  followed  by  aching  in  ball  of  1.  fcx>t,  relieved  by 
motion  (lasting  about  10  m.).  Restless  sleep  disturbed  by  dreams. 
Severe  biting  stinging  in  outer  border  of  1.  axilla,  momentarily  relieved 
by  scratching.  Heavy  confused  feeling  in  head  as  if  about  to  ache* 
Sleepiness  all  d.,  with  yellowness  of  complexion  and  sclerotica.  20th. 
—Restless  sleep  last  n.,  disturbed  by  dreams,  amorous  and  fearful.  Severe 
lamed  or  bruised  feeling  in  both  nates.  (Snowstorm  yesterday.) 
Soreness  of  throat  and  fauces  on  swallowing.  Throbbing  headache 
behind  L  ear  (going  off  soon),  zist. — Aching  in  pulp  of  1.  forefinger, 
sometimes  extending  up  arm  and  giving  it  a  sensation  of  weakness 
(continuing  all  d.).     Pain  in  nates  better*     Headache  has  continued  at 


CALOTROPIS.  683 

intervals  throughout  proving^  generally  being  aggravated  by  eating. 
Yesterday  and  to-day  pain  has  been  a  beating  pain,  extending  through 
both  parietal  bones.  Occasional  aching  pain  in  r.  eyeball,  rainfullv 
hard  costive  stool.  Frequent  emission  of  foetid  flatulence.  22nd. 
— Pain  in  nates  nearly  gone.  No  headache  this  a.m.,  though  a  feeling  of 
fulness  and  confusion  continues^  which  has  been  an  accompaniment  of 
the  headache  all  along.  I  have  noticed  too  a  great  lack  of  deiiniteness 
in  my  memory,  an  inability  to  remember  common  symptoms  of  common 
remedies,  and  for  3  d.  past  rather  less  appetite  than  usual.  Pain  in 
I.  forefinger  to-day  as  yesterday,  felt  more  when  driving.  Stool  soft. 
23rd. — Amorous  dream  with  emission.  26th. — As  it  rained  heavily  on 
22nd  and  I  became  thoroughly  drenched  and  caught  some  cold,  and 
was  compelled  to  take  medicine,  I  considered  the  provings  vitiated  and 
have  not  kept  a  record  of  symptoms.  Have  had  rheumatic  pains  in 
shoulders  and  chest,  &c'.,  all  of  which  might  have  been  effects  of  cold. 


CALOTROPIS. 

Caloiropis  g^antea^  R.  Br.     Gigantic  swallow-wort  (source  of  Indian  "  mudar  '*). 
Nat.  Ord.y  AscUpiadacetB. 

I.  Provittgj,^^!,  a.  Mr.  E.  B.  Ivatts  proved  1st  dil.  of  tinct.  prepared  with 
I  part  of  root  to  8  of  spirit.  On  e.  of  Sept.  23rd,  1S72,  began  to  take  10  drops,  and 
continued  same  twice  daily.  On  27th,  dull  occipital  headache  from  11  a.m.  till  he 
went  to  bed  at  midnieht,  very  bad  at  times  during  e.  Reminded  him  of  what  he 
had  suffered  during  a  oilious  attack  ;  but  he  took  his  usual  food  well,  and  bowels 
were  naturally  open.  Slept  well ;  next  m.  headache  gone,  but  head  tight,  which 
feelin?  passed  offafter  break^t.  Stopped  medicine  for  2  d. ;  recommenced  Oct.  1st, 
as  before.  -On  i3thy  about  10.30  a.m.,  went  out  for  walk.  Shortly  experienced  a 
depressed  tired  feeling,  which  came  on  gradually.  In  ^  h.  inclination  to  vomit  and 
to  feint.  Sat  on  roadside  and  drank  cold  water;  rested  \  h.  and  became  better. 
Obtained  carriage  and  drove  4  miles,  feeling  better,  but  very  cold,  so  that  he  walked 
a  mile  beside  venicle  to  keep  up  circulation.  Reached  home  2.30  p.m.,  felt  dizziness 
in  head,  no  pain.  Urinated  frequently ;  eructations  were  constant.  At  5  p.m. 
attempted  to  eat  a  biscuit,  but  felt  feint,  giddy,  and  inclined  to  vomit,  so  went  to  bed. 
Body  was  cold,  with  frequent  chills  passing  up  spine ;  at  same  time  head  and  temples 
hot,  and  cheeks  burning  like  fire.  After  a  time,  with  rugs  on  bed,  became  very  hot, 
and  perspired ;  pulse  quickened,  but  he  was  too  ill  to  count  it.  Nausea,  but  no 
actual  sickness  till  he  sipped  some  strong  coffee,  when  he  vomited  about  a  wine- 
glassfid  of  yellow  bile.  This  was  at  5.30,  and  a  lesser  quantity  was  thrown  up  an  h. 
later.  Oppression  at  chest,  and  short  breathing,  but  no  uneasiness  at  heart ;  lips  and 
throat  very  dry  and  parched ;  head  painful,  with  throbbing  and  confusion.  Sipped 
coffee  as  antidote  all  n. ;  got  little  or  no  sleep,  tossing  from  side  to  side.  Haa  felt 
slight  pain  when  moving  at  inside  of  r.  thigh  just  below  groin  2  d.  before  ;  now  felt 
back  or  thigh  very  sore  and  hard,  so  as  to  make  turning  irksome.  Next  m.  con- 
valescent,  but  weak  $  thigh  sore,  swollen  and  painful,  so  that  he  could  not  bend  leg 
in  walking,  which  gave  him  pain  at  every  step.  Travelled  120  miles  by  train. 
Toward  bedtime  chiUs  came  on  again  though  he  was  close  to  fire ;  they  continued  in 
bed,  running  firom  feet  up  spine,  movement  of  feet  seemed  to  excite  them.  Alter- 
nating therewith  were  fits  of  perspiration  (as  was  the  case  also  on  previous  n.). 
Restless  and  feverish,  with  head  and  face  hot ;  breath  foul ;  pulse  weak  and  rhready 
on  going  to  bed.  Unable  to  sleep,  took  camphor,  which  brought  relief  and  repose. 
Urine  dark  red,  like  homebrewed  beer,  and  with  strong  smell,  but  no  noticeable 
deposit  after  12  h.  standing.  Cramp-like  pains  in  centre  of  r.  palm  when  grasping 
anything,  hsting  many  d.;  pain  in  wrist  when  moving  it;  slight  soreness  and  swel£ 


684 


CAMPHORA. 


ine  of  r.  palate,  paining  on  movement  of  ja%v5,  lasting  %  d.  15th*— Well,  save  for 
thigh»  which,  however,  is  better.  Diffused  red  blotches  have  come  out  on  it,  elevated 
and  papular  (these  lasted  3d.):  veins  of  hands  unusually  small.  Drank  coffee  and 
took  several  doses  of  camphor.  iSth. — ^Bctter  n. ;  thigh  not  so  sore,  could  bend  leg 
slightly,  and  walk  about  houjie  a  little ;  no  pain  when  sitting  or  lying  5  when  stand* 
ing  up  to  walk,  tingling  burning  pain.  Could  go  out  next  d.,  and  symptoms 
gradually  passed  off. 

h,  Sept.  27th|  1873.  Had  been  taking  i,  diJ.  for  some  d.  Slight  pain  in  I*  foot, 
on  movement  or  when  bearing  upon  it ;  with  tenderness,  not  superficial,  but  as  \f  \n 
tarsal  bone. — iSth,  In  m.  fotmd  increased  patn  on  movement,  had  to  keep  house. 
Very  bad  n,,  intermitting  cramp-like  pain  even  at  rest,  must  keep  foot  moving  about 
bed. — 19th,  Pain  nearly  gone  by  m.  save  when  moving  foot;  took  two  do^s  of 
aeon.  I,.  About  6  p.m.  pain  when  foot  was  at  rest,  so  severe  for  an  h,  that  it  brought 
tears  to  ey«.  After  coffee  this  subsided^  and  foot  became  as  on  Z7th  ;  instep  slightJy 
red  and  swollen,  but  not  tender.  Could  not  let  foot  touch  ground,  pain  was  %q 
acute ;  but  by  putting  foot  down  very  gradually,  and  by  degrees  bringing  weight  of 
body  to  bear,  could  ^tand  without  pain,  which  returned  on  taking  weight  off  again. 
During  next  2  d,  foot  improved,  but  grew  redder;  coffee  used  as  lotion  sent  redness 
away,  but  increased  pain.  On  Oct.  ist  r.  foot  began  to  pain,  and  on  $nd  was  tiic 
worse  of  the  two.  On  4th  both  were  mending,  and  by  6tn  were  quite  well.  (Horn, 
ff^ortd^  xiii,  16.) 

2.  The  inspissated  juice,  root  and  bark  have  been  exteasively  used  in  the  East 
for  their  emetic,  sudorific,  (alterative)  and  purgative  qualitien.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
substitute  for  ipecacuanha.  In  doses  of  from  15  to  20  gr.  the  dried  bark  excites^  in 
zo — 60  m.^  fiill  vomiting,  with  much  nausea,  and,  in  some  cases,  purging  (PekeiHa, 
(^.  «/.,  ii,  1,  660.) 


CAMPHORA. 

Concrete  volatile  oil  of  Launu  Camphor a^  L.     Nat.  Ord,,  Lauracat* 

1.  Prcvings, — 1.  Hahnemann,  iWi?f.  iWir^.  Pwr^^  voL  iv  of  original, 
vol.  i  of  translation.  Contains  105  symptoms  from  self,  147  from  4 
fellow-proversj  and  93  from  21  authors. 

2.  A  gentleman  swallowed  for  experiment  553  dissolved  in  oil.  In 
\  h,  head  became  confused  so  that  he  could  not  read  ;  he  staggered  as 
he  walked,  and  dark  cloud  seemed  to  come  over  hts  eyes  ;  but  upon 
going  into  open  air  symptoms  began  to  abate,  and  in  a  few  h,  passed 
away.     (Whytt,  IVorksy  p.  646.) 

3.  Another,  from  same  quantity,  had  similar  head  symptoms,  but 
also  after  2  h.  nausea,  with  giddiness  and  dimness  of  vision,  going  on 
to  active  vomiting  of  bile  coloured  with  blood  ;  after  which  pulse 
became  fiequent,  small,  and  feeble,  with  general  debility,  which  con* 
tinued  some  time,  especially  in  legs.  (Griffin,  Diss,  de  Camph,  viri* 
iusy  Edinb.,  1765.) 

4.  Another  took  3ij.  Had  first  burning  at  stomach  with  slackening 
of  pulse  ;  in  3  h.  staggering  and  sopor,  vertigo  increasing  at  intervals, 
intoxication,  disturbed  mind,  slight  shuddering  and  pallor  of  face,  finally 
sleep*     [I hid.) 

5.  Alexander,  having  taken  3j  without  effect,  save  slight  reduc- 
tion of  pulse,  took  3ij  (in  syrup).  In  about  15  m.  he  began  to  feci 
unusual  lassitude  ana  depression  of  spirits,  accompanied  by  frequent 
vawnings  and  stretchings,  which  increased  for  f  h.,  by  which  time  they 
had  grown  extremely  troublesome  |  pulse  had  now  fallen  from  77  to 


CAMPHORA.  685 

67.  Soon  after  this  such  giddiness  came  on  that  he  could  with  diffi- 
culty cross  room ;  on  openmg  window  and  looking  out,  every  object 
seemed  in  tumult  and  confusion.  Feeling  himself  involved  therein,  and 
as  if  he  would  fidl  out,  he  staggered  to  bed,  and  tried  to  read,  but  could 
not  take  in  meaning  of  book.  Tumultuous  motions  now  extended  to 
letters,  obliging  him  to  desist ;  and  another  attempt  at  walking  was 
still  less  successful.  He  swallowed  a  little  broth,  returned  to  bed,  and 
increased  confusion  soon  became  insensibility.  A  pupil  coming  in  at 
this  time  states  that  A —  desired  him  to  shut  window,  then  threw  him- 
self backward  on  bed,  then  started  up,  sat  on  its  side,  and  made  ineffec- 
tual efforts  to  vomit ;  finally  flung  himself  back  again  with  dreadful 
shrieks,  fell  into  strong  convulsions,  foamed  at  mouth,  stared  wildly, 
and  endeavoured  to  lay  hold  of  and  tear  everything  within  reach. 
Then  followed  calm,  like  fainting,  only  that  colour  was  florid.  A 
brother  being  sent  for  spoke  to  him,  and  he  awoke  as  from  a  profound 
sleep,  but  without  knowledge  as  to  where  he  was.  Pulse  was  100. 
Feeling  very  warm  and  tremulous,  he  rose,  threw  himself  on  floor,  and 
had  face  and  hands  bathed  in  cold  water.  Then,  drinking  freely  of 
warm  water,  he  vomited,  bringing  up  greater  part  of  C.  taken.  Know- 
ledge of  things  and  persons  now  gradually  returned,  but  as  if  he 
be<^e  acquamted  with  them  for  the  first  time.  A  pretty  severe 
headache  came  on,  and  giddiness,  singing  in  ears,  heat  and  tremor  con- 
tinued, though  in  less  degree.  Thermometer  on  stomach  rose  2^  above 
blood  heat.  Slept  soundly  all  n. ;  next  d.  had  a  very  costive  stool,  and 
felt  great  soreness  and  rigidity  all  over  body,  which  went  off  in  a  few  d. 
more.     [Experimintal  Essays^  1 768 . ) 

6.  Enders,  Dec.  24th,  1821,  at  9  a.m.,  took  4  dr.  of  alcoholic 
solution  (1  gr.  in  8  drops).  Towards  noon  this  caused  dull  headache 
spreading  from  forehead  towards  temples,  lasting  over  i  h.,  feeling  of 
being  out  of  spirits,  and  in  following  n.  heavy  sleep.  On  following  d. 
took  8  dr.  Headache  was  renewed,  and  head  felt  quite  muddled. 
Headache  increased  gradually,  reaching  its  greatest  intensity  in  e., 
accompanied  at  times  by  fleeting  stitches  in  both  temporal  regions  and 
in  orbits ;  relieved  p.m.  by  walking  in  open  air.  Felt  disinclined  for 
all  exertion  during  whole  d.  Skin  acted  more  freely,  and  constant  thirst 
urged  him  to  drink  frequently.  After  12  dr.  felt  within  a  few  m. 
reeling  as  if  tipsy.  After  3  h.  felt  same  headache  as  before,  but  to  a 
less  extent.  Action  of  skin  was  increased,  and  dryness  of  mouth 
lasting  all  d.  obliged  him  to  drink  freely.  During  e.  pulse  was  slightly 
excited.  Dec.  27th,  8.30  a.m.,  took  16  dr.  After  \  h.  was  seized 
with  giddiness  so  that  he  was  obliged  to  sit  for  several  m.  in  order  to 
escape  falling.  After  2  h.  felt  same  headache  beginning  in  frontal 
region,  spreaoing  later  as  far  as  occiput,  lasting  3  h.  Perspired  freely 
during  d.,  dryness  in  mouth  being  considerable.  After  20  dr.  same 
symptoms  recurred,  except  that  this  time  it  was  rather  confusion  than 
pain  in  head,  and  lasting  several  h.  Dose  of  28  dr.  caused  same 
symptoms.     (Jorg,  Materialien.) 

7.  Meurer,  Dec.  24th,  1821,  8.30  a.m.,  took  4  dr.  After  \  h. 
felt  somewhat  livelv,  excitement  not  followed  bv  perceptible  depression. 
After  8  dr.,  in  adqition  to  above  symptom,  felt  pressing,  though  not 


686 


CAMPHOR  A. 


actually  painful  sensation  in  forehead^  changing  after  i  h,  to  confiision 
of  head,  lasting  till  noon,  and  accompanied  (i  h,  after  dose)  by  frequent 
deep  yawning;  12  dr.  caused  feeling  of  warmth,  first  in  organs 
of  deglutition,  then  in  stomach,  and  later  in  whole  body,  and  after  a 
few  m*  slight  frontal  headache,  becoming  gradually  more  acute  and 
accompanied  by  stabbing,  proceeding  apparently  from  the  temporal  bone 
and  recurring  every  5  ra.  Pulse  was  for  over  1  h.  in  an  excited  state, 
beating  10  to  15  beats  per  m.  more  than  usual  j  headache  with  dry 
mouth  and  constant  thirst  lasted  6  h.,  when  stabbing  disappeared,  and 
in  place  of  actual  pain  confusion  of  head  came  on  lasting  some  h. 
After  9  h,  prover  fell  asleep  and  slept  heavily  for  3  h.  Dose  of  16  dr. 
caused  same  symptoms,  though  not  more  severely,  and  without  stabbing 
pain  ;  28  dr.  caused  feeh*ng  of  warmth  to  greater  degree,  and  after  5 
m,  stabbing  in  stomach  lasting  1  m.  Head  soon  became  confused  and 
pulse  quickened,  and  after  3  h,  somnolence  and  muddled  condition  of 
head  came  on,  last  moderating  towards  late  e,     {Ibid,) 

8.  Heisterbergk,  Aug.  agth,  1823,  8  a.m.,  took  10  gr.  in  sub- 
stance, rubbed  up  with  same  quantity  of  sugar  of  millc.  After  10  m. 
remarked  heat  of  countenance,  with  suffusion  j  confusion  of  head, 
approaching,  after  a  few  moments,  to  vertigo  ;  and  trembling  of  hands^ 
especially  evident  in  writing.  This  condition  lasted  i  h.  After  12  gr. 
similar  symptoms  appeared,     {l^id,) 

9.  LiPPERT,  on  Aug.  9th,  at  8  a.m.,  took  2  gr.  rubbed  up  with  3j 
of  magnesia.  Urine  passed  after  this  was  at  first  clear,  but  deposited  on 
standing  thick  whitish  flocculent  sediment ;  3  gr.  caused  same  sym- 
ptoms^ and  also  three  slight  evacuations ;  more  deposit  was  present  in 
urine.  After  4  gr.,  in  addition  to  same  symptoms  there  was  consider- 
able sweat,  although  prover  moved  about  very  little,  and  towards  mid- 
day there  was  dull  frontal  headache,  a  symptom  which  appeared  con- 
stantly after  subsequent  doses.  After  5  gr,,  besides  previous  symptoms, 
remarkable  change  in  circulation  came  on,  pulse  after  5  h,  becoming 
large,  bounding,  and  hard,  and  at  times  irregular,  remaining  in  this 
condition  several  h.  After  6  gr.  giddiness  and  confusion  of  head  deve- 
loped themselves,  accompanied  by  feeling  of  emptiness  of  head. 
Urine  was  somewhat  more  scanty  than  from  previous  doses.     (Uid.) 

10.  PiENiTz  took  i  gr,  on  Aug,  8th,  1823,  at  8  a.m*  After  4  h, 
noticed  full  pulse  and  pressing  pain  behind  and  above  each  orbit, 
lasting  i  h.  After  i  gr.  noticed  (after  2  h.)  dryness  of  mouth, 
bclchings,  and  quickened  pulse.  Next  d.  took  2  gr,  This  was 
followed  by  dryness  in  mouth  lasting  till  e.,  much  thirst,  after  i  h. 
pressing  pain  behind  both  orbits  lasting  i  h.  j  after  2  h,  pulse  accele- 
rated a  few  beats  in  m.,  lasting  2^  h.     (/bid.) 

11.  Seyffert,  after  5  gr.,  fasting,  on  Aug.  7ih,  at  8  a.ro,,  noticed 
transient  confusion  of  head.  On  i2th,  at  8  a*m*,  took  7  gr.  After 
I  h.  felt  confusion  of  head,  going  on  to  actual  vertigo,  and  lastiiig  over 
I  h*  At  noon  giddiness  returned  suddenly,  and  was  accompanied  with 
cpistaxis  after  stooping  for  3  m.  over  some  mechanical  occupation. 
Similar  effects  foUowed  doses  of  6,  7,  and  8  gr.,  epistaxis  alone  excepted, 
{Ihid.) 

12.  GuNTz  took,  July  8th,  8  a.m.,  i^  gr.  in  pill  form.     After  I  h^ 


CAMPHORA.  687 

had  feeling  in  epigastric  region  as  if  abdominal  cavity  were  too  full  at 
this  spot,  and  as  if  diaphragm  were  pressed  upwards  thereby.  This 
feeling  was  accompanied  by  oppression  of  respiration,  and  lasted  till 
noon.  Similar  effects,  but  lasting  somewhat  longer,  followed  dose  of 
2  gr.,  and^  in  addition,  puke  was  quickened  by  several  beats  and  skin 
perspired  more  than  usual.  After  3  gr.  same  effects  followed,  accom- 
panied after  i  h.  by  slight  pressure  in  frontal  region.     {Ibid.) 

13.  Kneschke,  July  6th,  at  5  p.m.,  took  ^  gr.  rubbed  up  with 

2  gr.  of  magnesia.  After  ^  h.  felt  slight,  but  not  troublesome  con- 
fusion of  head,  as  if  from  drinking  several  glasses  of  wine,  lasting  ^  h. 
Next  d.  took  i  gr.  in  pill,  which  he  chewed  thoroughly  before  swallow- 
ing. After  10  m.  felt  congestion  towards  head  causing  slight  confusion 
of  head,  especially  of  forehead,  lasting  i  h.  but  not  passing  off  entirely 
for  4  h.  After  i  h.  pulse  was  quickened  several  beats ;  this  lasted  i  h. 
Similar  effects  followed  i^  gr.  taken  in  same  manner.  After  2  gr. 
felt  same  effects,  accompanied  after  5  m.  by  pressure  in  forehead  and 
temple,  pulse  being  meanwhile  fuller  and  quicker,  lasting  2  h.     After 

3  gr.,  in  addition  to  foregoing  symptoms,  felt  during  ist  h.  more  lively 
than  usual  \  effects  only  disappeared  entirely  after  9  h.     {Ibid,) 

14.  Otto,  on  July  5th,  at  7.30  a.m.,  took  i  gr.  in  crude  form. 
After  8  m.  noticed  increased  heat  of  skin  without  sweat ;  pulse  beine 
fuller  and  stronger  but  not  quickened.  After  i  gr.  noticed  (after  ^  h.) 
pulse  was  stronger  and  quicker  than  usual  ;  this  was  followed  by 
excited  condition  of  brain  with  rush  of  blood  toward  head  and  increased 
warmth  of  countenance,  especially  in  cheeks ;  felt  much  excited  but 
not  giddy ;  everything  seemed  to  move  more  quickly ;  what  he  read 
he  understood  more  quickly  and  easily ;  felt  in  contented  mood. 
Later,  felt  some  pain  in  head  and  eyes.  These  symptoms  lasted 
altogether  i^  h.  After  2  gr.  noticed  same  effects  upon  skin  and  pulse, 
but  without  congestion  of  head  and  increased  sensibility  (on  this 
occasion  he  moved  about  freely  all  d.  in  open  air).  After  3  gr.  felt 
increased  warmth  in  region  of  stomach,  spreading  gradually  over  whole 
body  and  followed  by  general  moderate  sweating.  Only  brain  sym- 
ptom was  feeling  of  exceptional  cheerfulness  and  liveliness.  Similar 
effects  followed  4  gr.  After  dose  of  5  gr.,  in  addition  to  general 
warmth  and  sweating,  noticed  shortly  after  takine  it  considerable  con- 
ftision  of  head,  passing  on  to  giddiness  and  actual  headache  (as  from  a 
mild  debauch)  ceasing  after  }  h.  on  walking  in  open  air ;  pulse  mean- 
while was  slightly  quicker,  fuller,  and  stronger  than  usual.     {Ibid,) 

15.  SiEBENHAAR,  on  July  sth,  at  5  p.m.,  took  i  gr.  After  J  h. 
found  puke  become  quicker,  fuller,  and  stronger  than  usual,  and  heat 
of  skin  increased,  chiefly  on  head  and  particularly  on  forehead  and 
temples;  symptoms  vanished  after  i  h.  After  li  gr.  noticed  same 
symptoms,  with,  in  addition,  heaviness  in  frontal  region  and  slight 
rumbling  in  bowels.  After  doses  of  2  and  3  gr.  same  effects  occurred 
(except  rumbling  in  bowels),  but  with  greater  intensity.     [Ibid.) 

16.  JoRG  took  i  gr.  rubbed  up  with  5  gr.  of  sugar  on  July  5th  at 
10  a.m. ;  for  2  h.  felt  perceptible  movements  in  intestines  followed  by 
fi-equent  passage  downwards  of  foul-smelling  flatus.  In  following  n., 
between  i  and  2  a.m.,  awoke  with  acute  pressing  pain  in  region  of 


688 


CAMPHORA. 


CQcIiac  ganglion,  pain  causing  him  to  perspire  freely  for  i  h.  After 
this  it  ceased  gradually.  During  this  attack  pulse  was  five  to  six  beats 
quicker,  but  rather  soft  than  hard.  On  rising  there  was  still  very 
slight  dull  pain  in  same  region  i  during  d.  suffered  off  and  on  with 
pressing  pains  in  head,  sometimes  in  forehead,  at  others  in  sides.  Urine 
both  days  appeared  more  concentrated  than  usual.  Soon  after  i  gr., 
in  substance,  felt  increased  warmth  in  stomach,  spreading  imperceptibly 
over  whole  body,  increased  action  of  skin,  most  after  2  h.,  and  quickened 
circulation.  After  i^  h,  dryness  of  mouth  and  somewhat  troublesome 
thirst.  After  2  h.  felt  as  if  blood  and  heat  ascended  somewhat  towards 
head.  After  5  h.,  on  sitting  down  to  write,  noticed  that  he  trembled, 
especially  in  hands.  After  another  \  h.  hands  and  arms  became  steady 
again.  After  7  h.  was  troubled  with  pain  in  region  of  cceliac  ganglion, 
lasting  2  h.  Next  d.  took  ij  gr,,  effects  of  which  were  slighter  and 
appeared  to  pass  off  within  i  h.  After  S  h»,  however,  perceived  a 
sharp,  scraping,  and  somewhat  burning  feeling  wandering  about 
abdomen,  which  came  and  went  for  4  h.,  when  it  changed  to  above- 
mentioned  troublesome  pain  in  region  of  cceliac  ganglion,  and  after 
another  i^  h.  became  so  acute  that  sweat  rolled  off  him;  now  and 
then  a  slight  rigor  occurred,  and  it  felt  to  him  as  if  very  acute  inflam- 
mation of  several  viscera  were  starting  from  root  of  corliac  axis  or 
cceliac  ganglion.  Irritation  now  seemed  to  pass  upwards  and  caused 
him  to  cough  repeatedly,  with  painful  sensation  on  inner  surface  of 
spinal  column  from  diaphragm  upwards.  Circulation  at  same  time 
became  quickened  by  about  10  beats  per  m.  (pulse  small  and  soft),  and 
accompanied  by  singmg  in  head.  Ten  h.  after  dose  symptoms  began  to 
abate,  but  he  woke  up  several  times  in  n*  with  dull  sensations  in  region 
of  cceliac   ganglion.      Bowels   remained   constipated.      On    ijth,  at 

8  a.m.,  took  2  gr.,  which  he  chewed  and  then  swallowed.     Heat  and 
sweating  came  on  as  before  and  lasted  more  or  less  all  forenoon.     From 

9  till  10  o'clock,  whilst  perspiring,  felt  slight  cutting  in  region  of 
navel,  passage  of  flatus,  urging  to  stool  and  to  micturition,  irritation  in 
region  of  kidneys  and  excitement  of  genitals  (feeling  as  if  rectum, 
bladder,  and  genitals  must  be  evacuated  all  at  one  time,  and  as  if  there 
were  general  turgescence  of  that  part  of  body  where  the  three  great 
canals  emerge).  This  urging  lasted  hardly  |  h.,  but  in  so  far  as 
genitals  were  concerned,  recurred  between  12  and  1,  lasting  i  h. 
Added  to  this,  between  12  and  i,  irritation  and  movements  in  bowela 
came  on,  sometimes  changing  to  actual  trembling.  After  this  passed 
off,  at  II  a.m.,  pressing  and  stretching  pain  came  on  below  diaphragm, 
extending  upwards  and  downwards,  passing  on  in  ^  h.  to  pain  in  region 
of  cceliac  ganglion,  moderate  till  7,  and  then  gradually  increasing  until 
8,30,  when  it  began  to  diminish,  and  by  10*30  had  passed  off.  During 
afternoon,  slight  cutting  pains  were  felt  in  abdomen,  without  diarrhoea, 
but  with  constant  passing  of  foul,  pungent  flatus.  Stools  were  of 
thinner  consistence  and  smaller  quantity  than  usual.  Urine  appeared 
very  concentrated  and  had  pungent  odour  (not  of  drug).  About  10*30, 
slight  muddled  feeling,  especially  in  fore  part  of  head,  came  on,  with 
slight  burning  in  eyelids.  In  following  n.  felt  constant  thirst  and  slept 
badly,     {IhU) 


CAMPHORA.  689 

1 7.  Lembice,  June  14th,  8  p.m.,  15  dr.  tinct.  Pulse  before  taking  it 
70.  After  10  m.  internal  coldness  in  lumbar  and  sacral  regions,  increased 
by  walking,  warm  feeling  in  stomach,  slight  discharge  of  flatus  ;  fore- 
head hot ;  heaviness  of  head,  chiefly  in  crown  ;  pupils  disposed  to 
dilate  quickly  ;  pressure  in  1.  knee,  over  the  r.,  in  leg  inferiorly  ^  hands 
warm ;  severe  pressure  in  r.  of  crown,  persistent ;  then  obtuse  pres- 
sure deep  in  vertex,  with  increased  heat  of  scalp  in  crown,  and  feeling 
of  weieht  of  head.  Occasional  internal  coldness  in  lumbar  region, 
pupils  dilated,  discharge  of  much  flatus  ;  when  walking  pressure  deep 
in  r.  thigh ;  drawing  in  1.  calf ;  pressure  on  r.  side  of  forehead  ; 
frequent  eructation  of  air ;  pressure  on  1.  sole  ;  fine  shooting  in  1.  calf. 
8.30  p.m.,  bruised  pain  in  lower  part  of  1.  forearm.  Stitches  in  skin  of 
r.  fourth  finger,  on  the  side  of  the  last  joint.  Frequent  eructations  of  air  ; 
tired  pain  in  r.  knee  with  great  feeling  of  heat  in  it ;  thereafter  com- 
mencing numbness  in  r.  toes,  followed  by  a  feeling  of  inward  coldness 
from  knee  to  foot  while  sitting  ;  drawing-shooting  in  second  joint  of 
L  index;  pressure  in  middle  of  I.  calf  while  walking  and  sitting  ;  inward 
chill  betwixt  scapulae ;  inward  coldness  through  r.  leg,  as  if  cold  air 
blew  upon  it.  9  p.m.,  pressure  in  1.  forehead.  Drawing  in  1.  thumb- 
ball  ;  tired  feeling  in  1.  arm  ;  weight  and  pressure  in  both  knees  when 
seat^,  with  internal  feeling  of  coldness  in  them,  as  if  a  cold  fluid  ran 
down  from  knee;  walking  increases  the  chilliness;  the  hands,  too, 
become  cold ;  the  air  of  the  room  when  drawn  through  the  nostrils 
feels  cool ;  yawnine  when  walking,  eructation  of  air.  9.15  p.m.,  cold 
hands  and  feet ;  drawing  in  carious  lower  molars  when  walking  ; 
drawing  in  decayed  upper  incisors  ;  pressing  in  1.  leg  and  r.  toes. 
10.30p.m.,  shooting  in  both  sides  of  tendo  Achillis  when  walking; 
from  r.  elbow  to  liand  tired  feeling ;  a  cup  of  tea  removed  the 
symptoms.  Sleep  sounder  than  usual. — 15th.  On  waking  at  5.30  a.m., 
feeling  of  heat  all  over  skin,  as  of  commencing  sweat,  on  which  he 
fell  asleep.  On  rising  some  heaviness  in  forehead. — 21st,  8  p.m., 
15  dr.  spirit  of  camphor  in  eau  sucree.  After  some  m.  chilliness  in 
back,  shooting  in  ball  of  1.  foot ;  drawing  in  1.  toes  and  ball  of  r.  foot ; 
the  cold  feeling  in  back  increases  as  if  a  cold  air  blew  on  back  ;  pressure 
in  r.  knee ;  heaviness  of  1.  arm ;  weariness  in  legs,  especially  knees, 
when  sitting;  then  in  1.  arm  from  shoulder  to  wrist,  relieved  by 
moving  arm ;  when  the  arm  is  at  rest  the  pressive  compressive  pain 
recommences  ;  pressure  and  weight  above  forehead  ;  the  same  pain  in 
r.  arm  ;  slight  scraping  in  throat,  causing  short  cough  ;  eructation  with 
camphor  taste ;  great  drawing  in  r.  foot ;  cold  feeling  in  r.  knee  to  foot 
when  sitting.  8.30  a.m.,  feeling  of  heat,  inward  shaking  from  nape  to 
between  scapulae,  extending  as  pressure  into  limbs,  with  heat  and  sweat 
of  forehead,  when  sitting  ;  drawing  in  r.  sole ;  pressure  in  occiput,  r. 
forearm  and  ankles ;  jerking  pressure  in  head  above  1.  ear ;  crawling, 
creeping  feeling  over  1.  side  of  neck  and  1.  clavicle ;  feeling  of  heat 
rising  from  nape  to  head,  with  intermediate  cold  feeling,  the  skin  warm 
slightly  sweating,  forehead  moist,  pulse  a  little  quickened  ;  sudden 
boring  on  r.  of  nose  for  a  moment ;  severe  persistent  pressive  pain  in 
flexor  side  of  1.  wrist ;  sweat  on  back  and  forehead  when  sitting  ;  when 
arms  and  legs  are  at  rest,  pressure  and  drawing  on  inner  side  of  both 

44 


690 


CAMPHORA. 


legs  to  ankle,  and  still  more  on  inner  side  of  arms  ;  movement  ] 
but  returns  when  at  rest.     9  a.m,»  smarting  in  eyelids,  also  ; 
p.m.     When  walking,  pressure  in  nape,  forehead  heavy  ;  eruc 
gas  ;  much  flatus-  discharged  j  stitches  deep  in  1.  ear  ;  weight 
in  sinciput,  aggravated  by  walking,  also  pain  in  legs  and  ankle 
ing  in  1.  nostril,  sneezing  ;  pressure  in  sinciput  in  several  parts  j 
sitting,  prickling  through  legs ;  great  pressure  in  1.  ankle  and 
knee.     10  a.m.,  weight  in  sinciput ;  severe  bruised  pain  in 
and  r.  knee  when  sitting  ;    when  walking,  pressure  in    ankles^" 
when    sitting    in    knees  ;    slept  soundly. — 22nd,    m.,    urine  k 
usual.     Forenoon,  weight  in  forehead,  pressure  in  r.  leg  ;  smar 
tip  of  tongue  like  peppcr,^ — ^th,  8.30  a.m,,  5  df.     After 
increased  warmth  in  nape,  head,  face,  which  are  hot  to  touch  j 
warmer,  palms  moist,  warmth  in  back ;  pupils  contracted,  eye 
tive  to  light  ;  pressure  in  toes  ;  eructation  of  air  j  cold  feeling 
and  toes  ;  all   these  symptoms  when  sitting  and   reading  j  < 
head^  pressure  in  1.  knee  ;  hands  sweat  profusely  j  small 
hover  before  eyes  ;  pressure  in  r.  ankle  externally  and  r.  knee  j 
feeling  in  r.  wrist  with  drawing  in  thumb  and  stiff  feeling  in  ; 
increase  of  cold  feeling  in  r.  leg,  like  cold  wind  blowing  on  it ; 
in   instep,     9  a.m.,  hands  cool,  blood-vessels  contracted ;    wc 
head  ;    pupils    contracted ;    muscae    volitantes ;    w^hen    stand 
walking,  the  r.  leg,  especially  the  knee,  is  painful ;  much  flatus  ^ 
cold,  cold  feeling  in  head  1  pain  in  back  on  stooping  ;  singing  iai 
repeated  sneezing  ;  smarting  in  eyelids  j  when  walking  alternat 
ness  and  heat  in  sacrum  ;  pain  in  r.  knee,  drawing  in  1.  tibia,  i 
cles  of  upper  arm ;  weariness  in  sacrum  ;  later  pressure  in  1. 
tibia,  drawing  in  r.  angle  of  lower  jaw,  shooting  in  chin  j  sever_ 
during  d.  when  walking  drawing  in   K  tibia. — 29th,   8   a.m.. 
Immediately  heat  in  head,  especially  in  crown,  in  cars  ;  immi^ 
thereafter  burning  in  face,  drawing  in  1.  toes  repeatedly;  the] 
face  ajid  head  increases,  face    becomes    red,  great  burning  i| 
drawing  in  1,  arm,  veins  distended,  hands  hot,  eyes  sensitive  0 
black  spots  hover  before  them  ;  pulse  slightly  quickened  j  gnaiL 
muscles  on  inner  side  of  I.  upper  arm  ;  coldness  in  all  r.  Icgl 
(pressure  in  1,  ankle)  like  a  stream  of  cold  air  going  down  thr 
to  foot,  also  when  standing;    bruised  pain  in  r.  elbow,  wr 
fingers ;  heaviness  of  head.     8,30  a.m.,  when    walking    hcav 
whole  r.  leg;  heat  in  face  and  head  declines,  but  more  heav^ 
sinciput  ;  when  sitting  always  coldness  in  r.  leg,  when   walking] 
in  it  J  pressure  in  muscles  above  r.  elbow ;  frequent  eructation 
of  camphor;  drawing  in  1,  palm,  pressure  in  1.  knee,  drawing 
muscles  and  1,  leg  to  foot,  when  sitting;  drawing  in  head  ov€ 
pressure  in  sinciput;  repeated  warm  feeling  in  stomach;  drai 
l.side  of  nose,  on  r.  shoulder,  then  severe  pressure  on  shoulder  ; 
in  r.  instep  when  walking,  in  skin  above  and  below  1.  clavicle*; 
pain  in  both  shoulders  ;  pulse  fuller,  larjger ;  severe  pain  in  baci 
slight  tendency  to  perspire  when  moving  at  2  p.m.     At  5  p  1 
feeling  of  r.  leg  when  sitting,  repeatedly  ;  burning  on  border  off 
also  on  palate;  tearing  in  1,  instep,  in  1.  elbow,  on  r  tibimi 


CAMPHORA.  691 

pain  in  1.  arm,  espcdally  shoulder-joint.  9  p.m.,  in  skin  of  root 
of  nose  some  pricking  or  crawling  from  dorsum  to  tip  of  nose, 
repeatedly,  so  that  he  must  rub  the  nose,  when  it  goes  off,  but  soon 
returns  ;  at  n.  emission  without  dream. — 30th.  More  towards  e. 
drawing  in  1.  tibia  and  borders  of  foot ;  drawing  in  1.  side  of  nape, 
towards  I.  shoulder,  when  at  rest  and  when  moving ;  stool  delayed  and 
very  hard.  10  p.m.,  drawing  in  r.  tibia  and  pressure  in  1.  forehead.— 
July  25th,  3.30  p.m.,  30  dr.  After  some  m.  heat  in  occiput,  heaviness 
of  knees,  pressure  in  forehead,  hot  feeling  through  back,  skin  of  body  and 
face  moist,  great  pressure  in  ankles  and  knees ;  blood-vessels  much  dis- 
tended, pupils  contracted,  everything  appears  brighter;  pulse  80. 
Drawing  in  instep,  heaviness  in  arms,  hands,  and  legs  ;  hot  feeling 
streams  through  back  and  into  legs;  pressive  pain  in  r.  elbow; 
drawing  between  I.  fingers ;  heat  in  face  and  head  ;  repeated  flushes 
of  heat  in  back,  with  general  warm  sweat ;  tearing  behind  and  above 
cars;  numb  feeling  in  r.  leg;  vertigo  when  sitting — at  4.30  p.m. 
Severe  shooting  in  r.  big  toe  ;  drawing  on  1.  side  of  nape  to  shoulder  ; 
black  spots  hover  before  eyes,  with  sensation  of  increased  brightness  ; 
still  heat  and  general  perspiration ;  pulse  80 ;  burning  in  borders  of 
lids  ;  shooting  m  calves  ;  drawing  in  toes  ;  shootinc;  under  1.  knee,  in 
1.  cheek ;  numbness  of  r.  foot ;  drawing  about  T.  ankle ;  frequent 
eructation — at  5  p.m.  Weight  in  sinciput,  pressure  in  1.  shoulder, 
worse  when  raising  arm ;  heat  and  perspiration  gone  ;  compression  in 
ankles,  pressure  in  r.  hip-joint.  5.30  p.m.,  return  of  heat  in  back, 
then  dirough  whole  body  and  in  face,  with  moist  skin.  All  these 
symptoms  when  seated.  When  walking  prickling  in  1.  toe  tips,  then 
in  n ;  much  flatus  ;  pressure  in  r.  shoulder ;  drawing  in  toes,  drawing 
pain  in  skin  of  nape  and  below  both  zvgomatic  processes  ;  pressure  in 
toes  ;  stifl[hes8  of  nape ;  burning  and  shooting  in  r.  sole  ;  discharge  of 
flatus  and  eructation  of  wind  continued  till  7.30  p.m.  At  6  p.m., 
tearing  in  1.  groin ;  burning  in  1.  eyelids  ;  drawing  in  r.  side  of  forehead  ; 
boring  in  r.  zygoma ;  when  walking  painful  feeling  of  stiffness  in  outer 
side  of  r.  thigh.  The  pain  in  nape  persists,  especially  in  region  of 
5th,  6th,  and  7th  cervical  vertebrae,  aggravated  by  moving  head,  relieved 
by  pressure  of  hand.  7  p.m.,  tearing  in  instep  when  sitting  ;  pressure 
in  1.  wrist,  then  in  1.  ankle ;  so  weary  and  drowsy  he  must  go  to  bed  ; 
sleep  restless. — 26th,  m.,  tearing  in  r.  hand ;  during  d.  pressure  in 
shoulders  and  knees,  also  when  walking ;  drawing  in  toes  and  inner 
side  of  1.  upper  arm,  in  1.  forearm,  in  hands,  betwixt  fingers.  The 
pains  worst  in  e.     (A^.  Z./  h.  A".,  x,  161,  169.) 

18.  Dr.  Norton,  March  6th,  1851,  took  10  dr.  of  tinct.  (pro- 
bably 1  in  6)  at  bedtime.  In  n.  unusual  sexual  ardour,  with  con- 
tinued delusions  respecting  object  of  embrace.  7th. — At  7.30  a.m., 
20  dr.  Two  h.  after  calm  opiate  effect  on  mind  and  brain.  At  10  p.m., 
repeated  dose,  without  appreciable  effect.  8th. — At  7.30  a.m.  took 
same ;  in  about  2  h.  after  slight  confusion  of  head.  Once,  for  a  few 
m.,  burning  in  urethra  as  from  cantharides.  9th. — At  9  a.m.,  20  dr. ; 
in  2  h.  stupefying  feeling  as  after  laudanum  ;  also  indifference  as  to 
how  the  world  uses  one.  Effects  went  off  in  2  or  3  h.  10th. — At 
8  a.m.;  40  dr.     No  perceptible  effects  save  intellectual  dulness ;  also 


6^2 


CAMPHORA. 


soreness  or  tense  stiff  feeling  in  eyes  and  lids  all  d.     (Brit,  Journ^  itf 

Ham,^  xvii,  464,) 

19.  a,  PuRKiNjE,  after  taking  a  dose  of  I2  gr.,  in  bed  and  fastings 
experienced  heartburn,  pleasant  and  moist  warmth  over  whole  body^ 
general  and  agreeable  excitement  of  nervous  system,  which  was  par- 
ticularly distinct  in  skin  and  muscles,  peculiar  excitement  of  brain^ 
and^  above  all,  feeling  of  inebriation.  These  feelings  continued  1 1  h,, 
and  were  dissipated  by  customary  occupations  ofd.  They  were  not 
followed  by  any  sense  of  lassitude* 

h.  Same  took  ^ij  in  like  manner.  First  effect  was  to  excite  such 
restlessness  that  he  could  not  remain  in  bed.  There  was  a  singular 
sense  of  lightness  in  limbs  \  all  movements  were  executed  with  unusual 
ease  \  in  walking  legs  were  raised  beyond  ordinary  height^  without 
their  inherent  vigour  being  increased  or  diminished.  Skin  and  muscles 
showed  diminished  susceptibility  to  external  impressions  ;  he  was  unable 
to  perform  any  literary  work  for  a  crowd  of  ideas  rushing  upon  him  \ 
one  thought  quickly  followed  another,  but  he  was  unable  to  fix  atten* 
tion  upon  any  of  them ;  he  lost  consciousness  of  his  personality, 
thoughts  chasing  each  other  more  and  more  furiously.  After  vomiting, 
consciousness  returned,  but  distracted  condition  of  mind,  forgetful- 
ness  and  crowding  of  ideas  continued  ;  time  seemed  very  long  to  him, 
and  full  of  events  which  he  was  unable  to  recollect.  '  This  continued 
3  h.,  during  which  time  he  could  with  an  effort  apply  himself  to  work. 
But  impressions  received  by  sense  of  sight  were  evanescent  (those  by 
hearing  lasting  longer)  5  finally,  an  oppressive  warmth  spread  through 
head  and  body,  he  lost  consciousness  and  fell  down.  Face  was 
flushed  ;  and  for  \  h.  he  breathed  slowly  and  remained  unconscious, 
exhibiting  slight  convulsive  movements.  On  waking,  Tie  had  to  make 
persistent  effort  to  recover  consciousness  of  his  personality  and  a  know* 
ledge  of  his  surroundings  ;  but  he  experienced  no  exhaustion^  and  there 
were  no  after-effects.     (Richter,  Sptc,  Ther,^  Suppl.  Bd.,  p.  442.) 

20.  An  adult  man,  in  good  healthy  inhaled  vapour  of  C.  (moistened 
with  alcohol)  for  some  h,  to  check  a  catarrh.  After  a  time  he  felt 
himself  overpowered  with  general  lassitude.  Head  became  heavy, 
stupid,  and  painful  j  vision  disordered,  and  there  was  shivering  at 
intervals.  Soon  he  was  unable  to  stand  ;  faintings  and  nausea  supervened, 
and  physician  found  him  in  state  of  extreme  prostration,  pale,  hands 
cold,  trembling,  with  tendency  to  slight  faintings,  slow,  soft  pulse, 
quick  and  irregular  breathing,  intense  headache  and  singing  in  ears. 
He  soon  recovered,  and  urine  exhaled  very  marked  odour  of  C.  {Journ. 
de  Chim.  Med,^  i860,  p.  466.) 

21.  A  woman,  :ct,  37,  with  chronic  ovarian  pain  and  dysmenorrhcea, 
but  otherwise  normal,  took  C.  for  4  months. 

a*  For  I  St  week  2  gr.  were  taken  in  solution  daily  on  an  empty 
stomach.  She  stated  that  the  medicine  did  not  affect  her  in  any  way  ; 
but  observation  after  first  ingestion  found  pulse  reduced  from  72  to  60. 

b.  For  next  fortnight  4  gr.  daily  in  same  way.  She  described  dose 
as  producing  sense  of  warmth  through  whole  body,  especially  in  chest 
and  mammae. 

r.  During  4th  and  5th  weeks,  5  gr.  m.  and  c.     Decided  giddiness 


CAMPHORA.  693 

after  each  dose,  coming  on  after  about  20  m.,  and  lasting  10  m.  On 
two  occasions  it  was. considerable. 

d.  During  6th  week  10  gr.  daily.  First  dose,  taken  2A  h.  after 
breakfast,  m^e  her  very  giddy  and  powerless  in  \  h.,  feeling  passing 
ofF  in  10  m.  Later  dose,  taken  before  breakfast,  produced  in  lo  m. 
such  giddiness  that  she  could  hardly  walk  across  room.  Feeling  con- 
tinued at  maximum  for  15  m.,  then  declined^  but  did  not  pass  away 
entirely  till  after  breakfiist,  i|  h.  after  dose. 

i.  For  next  3  weeks  15  gr.  every  3rd  m.  before  breakfast.  Giddi- 
ness came  on  in  5 — 15  m.,  lasted  at  maximum  15  m.,  declining  through 
another  i\.  No  other  effect,  but  there  was  a  little  confusion  when 
she  looked  up  from  sewing. 

f.  After  20  gr.  there  was  also  tremulousness  of  hands  and  slight 
somnolency.  In  2^  h.  she  was  still  a  little  shaky  and  unsteady  in 
her  actions  and  felt  languid  and  sleepy  ;  pulse  had  fallen  from  72  to  66. 

g.  After  30  gr.  same  symptoms  ;  pulse  falling  from  70  to  60. 

A.  For  last  weeks  of  the  time  she  took  10  gr.  twice  or  three  times 
a  d.  During  i6th  week  she  seemed  languid  and  lethargic,  and  felt  so, 
legs  being  weak  and  shaky ;  twice  she  felt  very  faint,  and  constantly 
experienced  heaviness  and  dulness  of  head,  which  seemed  bewildered. 
There  was  no  dimness  of  sight,  but  vision  was  "  flickering  and  weak  ;  " 
pulse  natural,  breathing  23  one  m.,  the  next  19,  with  one  long-drawn 
inspiration.  No  other  functions  were  affected.  (Harley,  Pract.^ 
ix,  215.) 

22.  A  youth  of  17  was  treated  by  C.  for  seminal  emissions,  in 
doses  increasing  from  4  to  30  gr.  Same  giddiness,  internal  heat  and 
reduction  of  pimc  were  observed.  On  one  occasion  35  gr.  were  taken 
after  walking,  when  pulse  was  86.  Giddiness  "  over  back  and  top  of 
eyes'*  came  on  in  15  m.  and  continued  at  maximum  for  20  m.  In 
35  m.  pulse  76,  full  and  bounding  \  cheeks  hot  and  flushed,  with  a 
fittle  somnolency,  and  sensation  of  warmth  over  upper  chest.  After 
2  h.  pulse  76,  regular,  and  of  usual  force  and  volume  ;  somnolency 
and  flushing  gone,  but  he  still  felt  heavy  about  eyes.  He  walked 
home,  but  experienced  slight  giddiness  on  reaching  home,  lasting  \  h. 

23.  a.  Man  took  10  gr.  In  10  m.  pulse  went  down  to  64  j  feeling 
at  stomach  of  coldness  and  acridity  ;  in  20  m.  pulse  60,  feeling  at 
stomach  as  produced  by  hunger.  An  h.  after  taking  C.  cold  at 
stomach  still  continued,  but  there  was  a  feeling  of  general  wellbeing. 
In  3  h.  pulse  74,  its  normal  frequency,  and  all  symptoms  subsided. 

h.  Again,  20  gr.  produced  similar  symptoms,  but  increased  in  pro- 
portion to  the  larger  dose. 

r.  A  third  experiment  with  36  gr.  gave  following  results  : — Imme- 
diately feeling  of  coldness  penetrating  whole  trunk,  and  especially  felt 
at  stomach  and  cesophagus.  Feeling  of  comfort  such  as  experienced 
on  taking  an  ice  when  heated  ;  in  \  h.  pulse  went  down  from  72  to 
60.  Slight  feeling  of  exhaustion  \  coldness  continues,  although  in  the 
digestive  canal  there  commences  a  slight  degree  of  acridity  and  biting. 
The  widespread  feeling  of  cold  continues  very  marked.  Undoubted 
aphrodisiac  action.     Coldness  and  feeling  of  wellbeing  increased  by 


694- 


CAMPHORA. 


walking,  but  the  lightness  and  power  of  flight  found  in  some  cxpcri* 
ences  were  not  felt.  Two  h.  after  taking  C.  feeling  of  coldness  in 
alimentary  canal  replaced  by  one  of  slight  and  pleasant  warmth.  In 
3  h*  all  effects  disappeared.  The  breath  was  impregnated  with  C.  for 
a  short  time  after  taking  it,  but  not  the  perspiration  or  urine.  (Taoas- 
SBAU  and  PiDOUX,  (^p,  a't.^  sub  voce,) 

24.  a.  Dr.  ScuDERY,  of  Messina,  took  from  10  to  15  gr.  of  C,  In 
15  m.  pulse  became  more  frequent  and  vibratory,  and  this  lasted  2  h., 
then  cheeks  became  red  and  there  was  an  access  of  fever  j  skin 
became  dry  ;  pain  in  head  with  vertigo  ;  eyes  lustrous  and  affected  by 
light;  feeling  of  contraction  at  chest  and  breath  smelling  of  C*  No 
burning  or  weight  at  stomach,  but,  on  the  contrary^  feeling  of  strength 
and  comfort  there.  At  times  inclination  to  pass  water,  and  urine  had 
odour  of  C.  In  4  h,  these  symptoms  disappeared  and  were  succeeded 
at  n.  by  amorous  dreams,  erections,  and  pollutions.  Urine  scanty  and 
burning  \  constipation. 

b^  Scudery  repeated  proving  on  five  diiFerent  occasions  with  similar 
results,  only  sometimes  fever  was  more  marked  and  lasted  longer, 
especially  when  he  increased  the  dose  to  40  gr. 

r.  Dr,  Pasquali,  of  Rome,  took  10  gr.  with  sugar  and  gum  arabic. 
His  pulse  became  more  frequent  and  vibrating  j  in  15  m.  slight  frontal 
headache,  which  increased  for  30  m.  i  followed  by  vertigo,  injection  of 
conjunctiva,  and  feeling  of  comfort  at  stomach.  Headache  lasted  allf 
the  next  d, 

d.  Dr.  Mezzetti  took  8  gr.  His  pulse  was  at  first  66,  feeling  of 
heat  at  stomach  ;  i  J  h,  after  pulse  fuller  and  more  vibrating  ;  head 
heavy  and  painful,  ideas  confused.  The  proving,  repeated  some  d.  after, 
gave  similar  results,  with  addition  of  frequent  emission  of  burning  urine. 
At  n.  he  had  a  little  delirium,  dry  tongue,  and  thirst,  {yournal  Aj 
Prcgrh  dis  Sciences  Midicales^  xvii,  78.) 

»5.  A  gentleman  who  had  had  nocturnal  emissions  in  excess  of  health,  anci  bad 
taken  a  mcTaiicholy  religious  turn,  look  one  n.  on  going  to  bed  some  pieces  of  cam. 
phor.  He  lay  down,  but  had  immediately  indescribable  discomfort  and  nausea ;  he 
coilld  not  remain  lying  down ;  he  felt  a  kind  of  madness,  and  alternately  thought  he 
was  dead  and  alive.  He  tossed  much  about.  The  external  world  seemed  to  have 
vanished,  he  imagined  he  was  in  quite  another  world,  in  a  great  t»pace,  and  that  he 
was  the  only  one  remaining  of  all  the  world, — that  he  was  in  feet  the  sole  sun'lvor  of 
all  created  tilings.  He  felt  assured  of  eternal  damnation.  He  thought  he  was  the  evil 
demon  of  the  God-forsaken  earth.  AH  comfort  and  all  hope  were  lost,  God  Himself 
had  ceased  to  exist.  He  felt  unspeakably  miserable,  he  suffered  the  most  intense 
mental  agony.  He  was  the  evil  spirit  of  an  empty  world,  hopeless  and  not  to  be  con- 
soled,  his  heart  broken  by  unexampled  sorrows.  He  rose  suddenly  from  bed,  rushed 
to  the  window  and  tore  it  open-  It  was  a  fine  moonlight  night,  but  this  only 
increased  his  torture.  The  heavens  seemed  to  be  transparent  and  lifeless,  the  earth  to 
lie  in  a  dull  gloaming.  The  sense  of  touch  was  lost,  the  eyes  protruded.  He  felt 
inclined  to  throw  himself  from  the  window  in  order  to  float  through  his  demoniac 
kingdom,  but  a  slight  glimmer  of  sense  restrained  him.  His  eyes  were  dry,  his  hand 
could  not  grasp  anything.  He  endeavoured  to  pray  ;  the  words  came  out  of  chest  as 
if  it  were  a  cracked  vessel.  He  wa&  seized  with  affright  and  wished  to  run  away.  He  j 
cried  out :  **  I  am  really  dead  and  gone  to  hell  for  eternity,  and  yet  I  confessed  thi|f| 
morning  and  no  sin  weighs  upon  me,''  He  be^an  to  have  doubts  as  to  tbc  soundndf 
ol  his  dogmatic  views,  though  he  had  always  been  a  firm  believer.  He  remembered 
he  had  a  stomachic  syrup  in  his  cupboard.  He  stretched  out  his  hauid  to  get  it,  bu__ 
wa«  horrified  to  discover  that  he  had  no  feeling  j  his  whole  body  seemed  insensible. 


CAMPHORA.  69s 

and  he  had  no  feeling  of  internal  warmth.  He  scratched  the  skin  of  his  face  and 
hands,  but  felt  nothing.  He  lighted  a  candle  and  felt  better,  but  on  going  back  to 
bed  he  again  felt  the  wish  to  throw  himself  out  of  window.  He  got  up  and  rushed 
out  of  the  house  and  fell  down  near  a  neighbour's  door  with  a  loud  cry.  The  neigh- 
bours came  out  and  administered  restoratives.  He  could  not  bear  to  be  left  an 
instant  alone.  They  gave  him  a  cup  of  hot  tea,  which  seemed  cold  to  him.  He 
then  vomited  and  then  felt  cold.  They  laid  him  in  bed  and  he  fell  asleep.  Next  m. 
the  horrible  delusioas  would  come  unless  he  made  a  strenuous  effort  to  suppress  them. 
All  these  things  did  not  occur  in  a  half  sleep — on  the  contrary,  he  was  very  wideawake 
and  remembers  the  slightest  incident.  Now,  though  a  considerable  time  has  elapsed, 
the  horrors  of  that  time  recur  when  he  is  alone,  and  he  feels  as  though  his  soul  were 
firced  from  its  material  dwelling.  If  he  drinks  tea  or  coffee  the  same  visions  and  delu- 
sions occur.  He  has  often  nightmare,  and  cannot  sleep  when  the  delusions  are  on 
him.  His  disposition  is  very  irritable  and  morose,  with  tendency  to  despair  and 
suicide.  During  d.  he  is  pretty  quiet,  but  at  n.  and  when  alone  he  is  tortured  by  bis 
hallucinations.     {Horn.  Hertelj,  i,  231.     Conmiunicated  by  the  patient  himself.) 

II.  Poisonings, — i.  M — ,  of  thin  habit  and  clear  complexion,  sub- 
ject to  slight  nervous  affections,  but  otherwise  healthy,  had  for  some  d. 
spasmodic  constriction  of  sphincter  ani.  An  enema  of  30  gr.  of  C.  was 
prescribed.  In  a  few  m.  taste  of  C.  in  throat ;  in  15  m.  (enema  still 
retained)  feeling  of  unrest  and  general  illness,  which  increased.  He 
jumped  out  of  bed,  felt  lighter  than  usual,  seemed  scarcely  to  touch  the 
floor  as  he  walked  but  to  glide  over  it.  He  sought  assistance,  his  walk 
being  uncertain  and  staggering  ;  he  gesticulated  much  and  kept  asking 
for  wine.  Face  pale^  eyes  sunken,  features  altered.  Feeling  of  cold- 
ness over  entire  skin,  with  sensation  of  numbness  at  hairy  scalp,  and 
especially  at  nape  of  neck.  Skin  cool  and  moist  in  parts,  pulse  weak 
and  contracted.  Tendency  to  faint ;  mind  especially  affected,  being  in 
a  state  of  great  inquietude,  but  without  apprehension  of  danger.  He 
was  emotional  and  shed  tears,  which  surprised  him,  as  there  was  no 
cause  for  them,  and  yet  he  could  not  prevent  them.  This  state  continued 
about  30  m.  and  gradually  wore  off.  A  glass  cj(  wine  helped  to  restore 
him.     He  exhaled  an  odour  of  C.  all  d.     (Orfila,  4th  ed.,  ii,  495.) 

2.  Man,  act.  39,  ate  about  35  gr.  of  powdered  C.  He  had  a  fit  of 
epilepsy,  lasting  about  10  m.,  followed  by  an  extraordinary  state  of 
exhaustion.  Extremities  were  cold,  surface  covered  with  clammy 
sweat ;  pulse  frequent  and  scarcely  perceptible  ;  pupils  dilated.  When 
roused  he  had  scarcely  power  to  articulate.  There  was  occasional 
suppression  of  urine  for  3  months  afterwards.  [Had  once  had  epileptic 
fit  during  intoxication.]      {Lancet^  1842-3,  i,  300.) 

3.  A  young  lady  swallowed  piece  about  size  of  marble.  Had  a 
most  vacant  expression  of  countenance,  eyes  wandering  about  room, 
speechless  and  powerless,  soon  had  violent  epileptic  fit,  lasting  2  m. 
Went  into  state  of  stupor,  and  in  about  \  h.  vomited  freely,  matter 
ejected  smelling  most  strongly  of  C.  In  m.  complained  of  violent 
pain  in  head  and  chest ;  mouth  was  slightly  distorted  ;  taste  and  smell 
of  C.  still  present,  and  most  disagreeable.     {Ibid.^  i8S7>  S  384.) 

4.  Lad,  aet.  13,  ate  2  pieces  of  C,  about  120  gr.  After  4  h.  was 
observed  to  do  something  which  elicited  question,  "  Are  you  dreaming  ? " 
No  reply  was  given,  and  it  was  noticed  that  something  was  wrong  with 
boy  J  eyes  were  fixed  in  a  stare,  and  he  stood  motionless  and  uncon- 
scious.    His  brother  took  him  up  to  carry  him  to  adjoining  room, 


696 


CAMPHORA. 


when  he  immediately  became  convulsed  and  perfectly  rigid,  with  head 
and  legs  bent  back,  so  that  he  could  only  be  placed  on  side.  Consul- 
sionfi  increased  till  surface  from  head  to  shoulders  became  purple,  and 
pulse  decreased  rapidly  till  it  could  not  be  felt.  Body  then  lost 
rigidity,  and  was  apparently  lifeless  ;  but  in  about  10  seconds  pulse 
could  again  be  felt,  convulsions  returned,  and  he  foamed  at  mouth. 
Application  of  cold  water  brought  him  round  in  about  4  m,;  violent 
vomiting  then  ensued ;  he  was  hysterical  for  a  time,  but  within  an  h. 
was  so  far  recovered  that  he  could  be  put  to  bed.  (New  Remedies <^ 
1876,  p.  85  :  from  Allen.) 

5.  Dr*  Beck  found  a  well-grown  child,  act.  3,  lying  on  his  mother's 
lap  in  strong  convulsions.  Scalp  was  intensely  hot  \  extremities  cold  1 
abdomen  retracted,  and  patient  apparently  moribund.  Breath  smelt  of 
C«,  and  it  was  ascertained  that  child  had  obtained  a  fragment  of  some 
in  house  7-8  h»  previously.  A  whisky  enema  and  pounded  ice  to  head 
restored  child  in  %\  h.     {St,  Louis  Mid,  and  Surg,  5^^wrw.,May,  1862.) 

6,  A  young  man,  otherwise  healthy,  took  for  sleeplessness  while 
suffering  from  a  coryza  about  20  gr,  of  C.  in  small  pieces.  He  soon  felt 
chilly, and  a  state  like  unconsciousness  came  on  j  when  he  recovered  he 
felt  as  if  craxy.  This  repeated  itself  several  times,  till  an  emetic 
removed  a  quantity  of  C.  He  stili  felt  sensation  of  coldness  from 
stomach  down  legs,  hands  appeared  to  him  paralysed,  and  all  that  he 
looked  at  trembled.  After  a  few  d,  rest  he  returned  to  his  work,  but 
after  3  weeks  lateral  headaches,  globus,  loss  of  memory,  becoming 
easily  frightened,  palpitations,  hallucinations,  alternate  weeping  and 
laughing,  pollutions  without  sexual  ideas,  and  state  of  somnambulism 
set  in  ;  and  some  time  passed  before  he  felt  well  again.  (Plakat, 
Med.  Psychol^  Bruxelles,  March,  1885.) 

7,  Dr.  EicHORN  had  powdered  some  C.  with  sugar  to  relieve  a 
cold  in  head,  and  in  course  of  3  h.  took  a  teaspoonful  from  time  to 
time  without  reflecting  on  quantity  he  was  taking,  which  was  about 
^ij.  Going  now  to  bed,  for  i  h.  he  suffered  no  inconvenience. 
Presently,  however,  he  began  to  feel  warmer  and  warmer  unril  he 
experienced  a  burning  heat  j  his  pulse  grew  very  frequent,  but  there 
was  no  uneasiness  in  head.  He  says  :  "  I  never  felt  better^  never 
were  my  ideas  more  lively  and  clearer ;  it  appeared  as  if  my  intellectual 
powers  were  increased,  and  certainly  champagne  never  brought  on  a 
more  pleasing  intoxication.  After  about  ij  h.  my  skin  began  to  grow 
moist ;  soon  after  my  pulse  became  slower  and  I  fell  asleep.  Next  m. 
I  awoke  miserably  weak,  the  sweat  having  penetrated  to  the  under  side 
of  the  featherbed,  and  my  shirt  and  bedclothes  were  drenched/*  (Lond. 
Med,  Gaz.y  xi,  772.) 

8.  Mr.  C — i  «t.  20,  of  healthy  constitution  and  full  habit,  was 
standing  in  a  shop  where  a  druggist  was  breaking  up  cakes  of  C.  He 
began  to  eat  morsels  of  it,  and  probably  swallowed  from  5J  to  51]  in  a 
few  m.  Suddenly  experiencing  a  degree  of  headache,  he  went  out 
into  the  street  and,  meeting  a  friend,  proposed  to  him  a  rubber  at  whist. 
He  felt  unusually  clear  headed  ;  but  soon  after  sitting  down,  his  gestures 
and  conversation  became  very  strange  and  ^\nld.  Leaving  room  sud- 
denly, he  retired  to  adjoining  bedroom,  and  returned  naked,  dancing 


CAMPHORA.  697 

wildly  about^  and  attempting  to  jump  out  of  window.  Pulse  was  180 
and  small ;  conjunctiva  injected ;  pupils  not  much  dilated,  but  scarcelv 
sensible  to  light;  countenance  pale  and  haggard;  breathing  hurried, 
and  at  times  greatly  laboured  ;  frequent  desire  to  micturate,  with  some 
pain  along  spermatic  cord  ;  urine  quite  clear,  but  having  (as  well  as 
perspiration)  a  strong  odour  of  C. ;  clammy  sweat  breaking  out  over 
body.  Opium  was  now  given,  and  complicated  subsequent  pheno- 
mena. Patient  described  sensations  while  under  influence  of  C.  as 
"  most  exhilarating,  but  gradually  becoming  oppressive."  (Reynolds, 
Monthly  Journ.  of  Med.  AV.,  Sept.,  1846.) 

9.  Two  patients  took  C.  (3ij  and  5j  respectively)  for  severe  colic. 
In  both  cases,  besides  other  symptoms,  whole  body  became  pale  and 
extremely  cold ;  in  first,  there  was  also  insensibility  and  collapse. 
(CuLLEK  and  Duteau,  in  Still£,  op.  cit.^  ii,  61.) 

10.  A  hypochondriac  took  3ij  in  oil.  Hardly  was  dose  taken, 
when  patient  was  seized  with  vertigo,  extremities  grew  cold,  counte- 
nance pale,  pulse  small  and  very  slow  ;  there  was  praecordial  distress, 
and  cold  sweat  broke  out  upon  forehead  ;  mind  became  disturbed,  and 
patient  laughed  loudly  at  one  moment,  and  at  next  was  depressed  with 
dread  of  dying.  Volatile  and  stimulating  liquids  held  to  nose  increased 
intoxication  ;  patient's  limbs  seemed  weary,  and  though  proclaiming 
his  strength  he  staggered  in  walking.  In  2  h.  he  began  to  come  to 
himself,  but  was  reeble  and  relaxed ;  copious  perspiration  with  warm 
skin  and  frequent  pulse  followed,  and  he  enjoyed  a  good  night's  rest. 
(Hoffmann,  in  Ibid.^  p.  58). 

11.  A  nervous  and  delicate  female,  afl!icted  with  neuralgia  and 
various  scattered  pains,  had  4  grms.  suspended  in  water  given  by 
enema.  Hardly  had  2  m.  elapsed  when  patient  complained  of  faintness 
which  seemed  to  threaten  dissolution,  and  of  severe  pain  in  belly. 
Immediately  afterwards  she  became  insensible  and  was  convulsed  ; 
limbs  were  contorted ;  head  thrown  backwards,  face  purple,  and 
mouth  foaming.  The  fit  lasted  12  m.  M.  Aran  found  her  a  few 
m.  later  with  eyes  half  open,  pulse  76-80  and  extremely  small, 
extremities  cold  and  livid,  and  respiration  suspended.  Patient  re- 
gained consciousness  on  water  being  sprinkled  on  face,  but  com- 
plained of  pain  in  abdomen,  and  a  sense  of  suffocation  lasting  for 
several  h.  A  purgative  enema  was  administered,  and  strong  coffee 
given  \  but  very  soon  after,  though  she  had  meanwhile  evacuated  some 
of  the  camphorated  liniment,  symptoms  of  suffocation  became  intense, 
with  ^e  and  extremities  as  cold  as  marble  ;  they  were  only  mitigated 
by  streams  of  cold  water  on  head.  Insensibility  and  coldness  persisting, 
patient  was  placed  in  a  warm  bed,  and  wine  with  canella  administered. 
From  this  time  reaction  came  on,  trunk  grew  warm  and  even  hot, 
pulse  rose  and  became  frequent  (88-92),  and  in  4  h.  after  taking  the 
C.  only  remaining  symptoms  were  fever,  redness  of  face,  heat  of  skin, 
and  sense  of  weariness  and  debility.  By  the  morrow  these  were 
entirely  dissipated.  Patient  had  no  recollection  whatever  of  incidents 
of  attack.     {Bull,  de  ThSrap.^  xli,  164.) 

12.  Miss  T — ,  act.  20,  took  for  a  slight  cold  25  dr.  concentrated 
solution  of  C.  in  water.     At  once  felt  burning  sensation  in    mouth 


698 


CAMPHORA. 


and  throat ;  she  took  water  followed  by  gruel,  and  went  to  bed, 
and  believes  she  immediately  went  to  sleep.  Soon  after  her  sister 
heard  her  make  strange  noise,  and  received  no  reply  on  speaking  to  her. 
She  was  found  insensible,  foaming  at  mouth,  black  in  face,  and  vio- 
lently convulsed.  In  a  few  m.  convulsions  ceased,  and  vomiting  of 
r"  ink,  probably  blood-stained  fluid,  smelling  strongly  of  C,  followed • 
n  an  h,  she  was  in  deep  sleep  from  which  she  could  not  be  aroused. 
Throat  looked  inflamed,  tongue  covered  with  thick  creamy  fur,  pupils 
dilated.  For  several  h*  breath  continued  to  smell  of  C.  and  she  was 
very  drowsy.  For  several  d.  complained  of  pain  and  tenderness  over 
stomach  increased  by  taking  food,  numbness  of  tongue  continued  for  2 
weeks,  and  1,  arm  and  leg  were  partially  paralysed*  She  dragged  the  1. 
foot  along  the  ground  in  walking.  For  some  months  constant  distressing 
dreams  at  night,  weak  and  nervous,  and  occasional  weakness  and 
numbness  in  1,  arm  and  leg.  (G.  Johnson,  Trans,  of  Clin,  SocUiyy 
vii,  28.) 

13.  Rev.  W,  R — ,  act.  64,  for  slight  cold  took  3  dr.  of  Rubini's 
camphor  every  5  m*  for  8  doses.  Suddenly  felt  severe  pain  in  head 
which  compelled  him  to  go  to  bed  and  lasted  for  48  h, ;  became  deathly 
pale  and  vomited  several  times.  When  he  got  up  severe  pain  in  spine^ 
which  made  it  dtfHcult  to  keep  erect.  For  2  months  was  unable  to 
resume  work.     {Ibid,) 

14.  A  young  lady,  aet.  19,  took  for  diarrhoea  teaspoonful  of  concen- 
trated solution  of  C,  in  water.  Soon  felt  burning  pain  in  mouth, 
fauces,  and  pit  of  stomach,  dimness  of  sight,  giddiness,  tinnitus  aurium^ 
numbness  and  tingling  of  arms  and  legs  with  loss  of  muscular  power. 
Unconsciousness  lasted  for  3  h,,  during  which  time  there  was  coldness 
of  surface  with  quick  and  feeble  pulse,  conjunctivae  insensible  to  touch 
and  tickling  of  feet  not  felt,  respiration  feeble,  and  slight  convulsions. 
Emetic  was  given  and  sensibility  gradually  returned.  She  appeared 
like  one  awaking  out  of  deep  sleep ;  afterwards  burning  heat  of  skin, 
full  and  quick  pulse,  great  twitching  of  eyes,  much  agitation,  headache, 
giddiness,  and  inability  to  walk  from  loss  of  muscular  power  ;  mucous 
membrane  of  mouth  slightly  red,  swollen,  and  painful.     {Ibid,) 

15.  P — ,  act.  18,  took  for  slight  diarrhcea  a  teaspoonfiil  of  Rubini*s 
C.  in  water*  Soon  felt  confused  and  giddy  and  took  a  little  brandy. 
In  about  30  m,  suddenly  fell  down  and  was  convulsed  violently. 
Bystanders  supposed  it  was  epileptic  fit.  In  about  10  m.  regained 
consciousness  and  took  emetic.     For  5  d,  occasional  giddiness,     {Ibid.) 

16.  Juan,  Swiss  mountain  guide,  took  about  20  dr.  for  diarrhoea. 
Soon  felt  giddiness  with  headache,  nausea,  and  extreme  nervousness. 
Had  to  lie  down  and  rest  for  a  time,  and  afterwards  was  so  nervous 
that  he  had  to  pick  his  way  over  the  snow  for  fear  of  falling,  and  fell 
into  sort  of  lethargr,  from  which  he  was  frequently  roused.  Next  d. 
was  quite  well.     (Clifford  Allbutt,  in  Ibid,) 

17.  Boy,  act.  14,  took  about  15  dr.  of  homceopathic  tincture.*  He 
immediately  became  insensible  ;  was  soon  found  pulseless,  with  extre- 
mities cold,  and  face  and  lips  pallid.     An  emetic  was  given  and  brought 

*  In  all  these  cases  it  nvas  the  saturated  tincture  (Rubini*tt)  which  was — very  im* 
properly— era  ployed  J  as  it  was  taken  merely  for  a  cold. — Ei>s, 


CAMPHORA.  699 

up  a  quantity  of  C,  and  in  ^  h.  he  became  sensible.     (G.  Johnson, 
Brit.  Med.  Journ.^  1875,  i,  272.) 

18.  Lady,  at.  35,  took  7  dr.  of  same.  There  immediately  super- 
vened a  very  faint  feeling,  which  compelled  her  to  lie  down  flat  on  the 
hearthrug,  and  she  nearly  lost  consciousness.  This  lasted  about  5  m. 
When  I  arrived,  her  fece  was  very  pale,  and  her  pulse  weak.  She  was 
very  drowsy  after  she  got  to  bed.     [Ibid.^  p.  171.) 

19.  Young  man  took  within  6  h.  7  doses  of  3  dr.  each.  Within  5 
m.  after  last  dose,  without  slightest  warning,  had  a  severe  epileptic  fit, 
in  which  his  tongue  was  badly  bitten.  Ever  since  he  has  felt  "queer," 
complaining  of  peculiar  cold  sensation  on  tongue,  extending  about  \  in. 
from  tip.     {Ibid.^  1877,  *>  ^o?*) 

20.  A  young  lady  took  a  few  drops  of  same.  She  immediately 
became  very  giddy  and  un^^l)  threw  her  arms  about  a  sister,  and  was 
seized  with  strong  convulsions.  In  about  \  h.  there  was  free  vomiting, 
and  she  remained  unconscious  for  some  time  longer.  Later  she  com- 
plained of  headache  and  giddiness,  and  was  evidently  confused ;  pulse 
quick,  skin  moist.     (A.  Legat,  M.D.,  Ibid.y  1875,  i,  242.) 

21.  Patient  was  a  man  who  generally  enjoyed  good  health;  he 
swallowed  at  bedtime  half  a  wineglassful  of  saturated  solution.  After 
lying  in  bed  \  h.  he  suddenly  shrieked,  jumped  out  of  bed,  and  in 
great  anguish  and  despair  bent  double.  A  physician  was  sent  for,  who 
administered  an  emetic,  after  which  he  felt  easier,  and  next  d.  was  able 
to  attend  to  business.  That  n.  another  violent  paroxysm  took  place ; 
he  fancied  he  was  able  to  fly  about,  and  that,  in  spite  of  his  opposition, 
he  was  carried  away  through  the  air ;  he  felt  drawing  round  whole 
head,  as  though  nerves  were  drawn  up,  with  short  remissions,  attended 
with  chilly  creepings  and  indescribable  sense  of  malaise.  There  then 
developed  in  him  an  exceedingly  timorous  disposition,  though  he  had 
never  before  known  what  fear  was  ;  he  was  more  especially  tormented 
by  dread  of  being  alone  in  dark,  also  of  looking-glasses  in  room  and 
thought  of  seeing  himself  in  them.  Sleep  was  restless,  disturbed  by 
frightful  visions  of  ghosts,  &c.,  frequent  tossings  about  and  startings ; 
even  while  waking  he  frequently  started  as  if  in  affright,  with  palpita- 
tion. He  had  disposition  to  scream  even  during  work  and  in  the 
street,  without  apparent  reason  ;  he  felt  impelled  to  attack  people  in 
the  street  and  kill  them.  These  sensations,  which  always  became  more 
intense  in  darkness,  at  n.,  and  in  cold,  but  which  did  not  interfere  with 
his  daily  pursuits,  continued  for  nearly  2  years  ;  and  after  5  years 
troubled  him  somewhat,  nor  had  he  entirely  overcome  his  fearfulness. 
{Horn,  Times ^  v,  285.) 

22.  Miss  J — ,  act  27,  to  relieve  dysmenorrhoea,  took  increasing  doses 
at  intervals  during  d.,  and  at  6  p.m.  2  tablespoonsful  of  tinct.  at  a 
single  dose.  In  a  few  moments  was  free  from  pain  and  went  to  visit  a 
neighbour ;  but  on  entering  house  was  attacked  with  dreadful  feeling  of 
faintness,  shivering,  and  numbness,  without  coldness  save  in  stomach. 
Could  only  reach  home  by  determining  not  to  faint,  and  constantly 
eating  snow  and  throwing  it  on  to  face.  On  reaching  house  would  not 
enter  it  till  doctor  came,  alleging  that  if  she  went  indoors  she  should 
feint,  and  then  have  fits  and  never  come  out  of  them.     Dr.  Young 


;oo 


CAMPHORA. 


\P 


found  her  thus  and  much  excited*  He  had  her  conveved  into  a  warm 
room  and  placed  by  a  hot  fire,  Courses  were  found  to  have  ceased 
entirely  ;  pulse  was  imperceptible^  heart  very  slow  and  intermittent  i 
face  and  hands  deathly  pale,  extremities  numb  5  she  constantly  com- 
plained of  freezing.  Reaction  was  now  brought  about^  an3  a  hot  bath, 
with  aconite  and  pulsatilla,  restored  the  menses.  Next  d.  she  felt  as 
well  as  usual,  save  for  occasional  sensation  as  if  she  would  faint  j  and 
for  4  d.  more  attended  to  her  usual  duties.  On  e*  of  4th  d.,  while  at 
piano,  a  friend  suddenly  held  a  bottle  of  C,  to  her  nose.  Patient  says 
she  knows  she  only  got  one  snifFof  it,  but  immediately  all  her  old  sym* 
ptoms  returned,  viz. ;  faintness,  shivering,  coldness,  numbness,  and 
thickening  of  tongue  with  difRculty  of  speech  and  thought*  [Last  two 
symptoms  occurred  also  during  reaction  from  original  poisoning ;  but 
as  coffee  and  laudanum  had  been  freely  given  they  were  omitted  as 
scarcely  pure. — Eds.]  These  symptoms  were  not  constant,  but  came 
on  several  times  during  d.  for  several  d.,  gradually  passing  off,  and  then 
reappearing  without  a  moment's  warning.  For  some  time  after  this 
susceptibility  to  the  drug  continued.     {Hahn,  Afonthfyy  ix,  301.) 

Ill,  Experiments  on  animah, — i*  a,  C,  dissolved  in  oil  soon  causes 
in  dogs  paroxysms  of  tetanic  spasm.  At  first  the  senses  are  entire  in 
the  interval  ;  but  by  degrees  they  become  duller,  till  at  length  a  state 
of  deep  sopor  is  established,  with  noisy  and  laborious  breathing,  and 
expiration  of  camphorous  fumes  ;  in  this  state  the  animal  soon  perishes. 
A  solution  of  20  gr.  in  olive  oil  will  kill  a  dog  in  less  than  10  m. 
when  injected  into  the  jugular  vein.  When  C.  is  given  to  dogs  in 
fragments  it  does  not  give  rise  to  convulsions,  but  kills  them  more 
slowly  by  inducing  inflammation  of  the  alimentary  canal.  These  arc 
the  results  of  numerous  experiments  by  Orfila. 

b.  They  are  confirmed  by  others  since  performed  by  Scudery,  of 
Messina,  but  this  experimentalist  likewise  remarked  that  the  convul- 
sions were  attended  with  a  singular  kind  of  delirium,  which  made  the 
animals  run  up  and  down  without  apparent  cause,  as  if  they  were 
maniacal.  He  also  found  the  urinary  organs  generally  affected,  and 
for  the  most  part  with  strangury. 

c.  In  dogs  examined  immediately  after  death  the  heart  is  no  longer 
contractile,  and  its  1.  cavities  contain  arterial  blood  of  a  reddish-brown 
colour.  When  the  poison  has  been  given  in  fragments,  it  leaves 
marks  of  inflammation  in  stomach  and  intestines.  Orfila  found  these 
organs  much  inflamed  under  such  circumstances.  Scudery  found 
membranes  of  brain  much  injected  and  brain  itself  sometimes  softened  j 
inner  membrane  of  stomach  either  very  red,  or  chequered  with  black, 
gangrenous*like  spots  of  size  of  millet  seeds  ;  duodenum  in  same  state  j 
ureters,  urethra,  and  spermatic  cord  inflamed  j  and  every  organ  of 
body,  even  brain,  giving  out  strong  odour  of  C.  (Christison,  op.  dt,^ 
pp.  808,  810,) 

2.  a.  Menghini  found  effluvium  of  C.  fatal  to  many  of  the 
articulata,  when  enclosed  with  this  substance  in  a  glass  vessel,  with 
paper  pierced  with  holes  for  air.  Insects  are  sensibly  affected  by  its 
emanations,  which  ultimately  destroy  them.  According  to  some  ex- 
perimenters, small  birds  are  all  more  or  less  acted  on  i  some  are  seized 


CAMPHORA  BROMATA.  701 

with  epileptiform  convulsions,  others  with  a  sort  of  intoxication  or 
madness,  and  others  fall  into  state  of  stupor,  or  give  signs  of  distress, 
with  stertorous  breathing,  hiccup,  and  frothing  at  mouth  ;  while  in 
some  cases  a  purgative,  emetic,  or  diuretic  action  is  manifested.  Most 
frequently  death  of  animal  speedily  follows  these  symptoms  ;  and  on 
dissection  various  signs  of  inflammation  are  detected  in  meninges, 
lungs,  heart,  and  intestines. 

b.  When  C.  is  given  in  small  doses  to  horses,  oxen,  sheep,  &c.,  it 
is  said  to  quicken  pulse  and  cause  general  excitement,  and  blood  drawn 
from  a  vein  flows  more  strongly  and  is  redder  than  before  experiment. 
Larger  doses,  according  to  Moiroud^  develop  exalted  sensibility  and 
induce  convulsions,  and  still  larger  quantities  produce  a  greater  degree 
of  morbid  sensibility,  frequency  of  pulse,  convulsive  paroxysms,  and  at 
last  insensibility,  and  an  apoplectic  condition.     (Stille,  op.  est.) 

Camphora  bromata.  Monobromide  of  camphor,  a  compound 
in  which  one  atom  of  hydrogen  of  the  camphor  has  been  replaced  by 
bromine  (CWHOi«Br.) 

I.  Provings. — i.  I  administered  10  gr.  in  pills  to  a  healthy  adult 
at  2.30  p.m.  after  a  meal,  pulse  before  taking  it  being  96,  temp.  99*3^, 
resp.  19.  In  I  h.  pulse  had  fallen  to  70,  at  end  of  2nd  h.  it  stood  at 
74,  and  in  another  h.  had  returned  to  its  normal  rate  (which  with  him 
was  a  high  one).  During  the  3  h.  resp.  became  less  by  i  per  m.,  and 
temp.  feU  i^.  On  succeeding  e.,  some  time  after  a  meal,  16  gr.  in 
same  form  were  taken,  pulse  being  96,  resp.  18,  temp.  99°.  After 
I  h.  pulse  was  unchanged,  resp.  16,  temp,  had  fallen  half  a  degree  ; 
after  2  h.  pulse  86,  temp.  99°,  resp.  19.  In  another  h.  all  was  normal. 
Throughout  whole  time  there  was  no  hypnotic  tendency,  nor  was 
there  pain  in  any  part  of  body.  Head  remained  clear,  and  condition 
was  one  of  general  comfort.  Later,  one  afternoon,  shortly  after  a 
meal,  I  gave  5  pills  of  4  gr.  each  \  pulse  96,  resp.  20,  temp.  99*2°. 
In  I  h.  pulse  80,  in  2  h.  78,  in  3  h.  96  again.  Resp.  and  temp,  were 
reduced  in  same  ratio  as  before.  (On  experimenting  with  camphor 
alone,  results  were  found  to  be  very  similar.)     (Lawsow,  Pract,^  xiii, 

3340 

II.  Poisonings. — I.  The  Archives  of  the  late  Dr.  George  M.  Beard 

are  responsible  for  the  details  of  a  case  which  is  to  say  the  least  curious, 
and  which  should  be  further  tested  and  studied  in  the  light  of  extended 
experiment. 

a.  In  a  young  man,  apparently  in  fair  health,  and  not  troubled  in  the 
least  with  indigestion,  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term,  the  contact  of 
a  cold  and  clammy  hand  with  his  own,  or  the  sight  of  a  person  afflicted 
with  physical  deformity,  was  sufficient  instantaneously  to  produce  the 
most  violent  paroxysm  of  gastric  catarrh,  accompanied  by  such  severe 
and  exhausting  throes  of  convulsive  action,  that  the  danger  of  death 
from  su£Focation  was  by  no  means  an  insignificant  element.  On  several 
occasions  the  patient  actually  fainted  from  exhaustion  before  relief 
could  be  obtained ;  and  the  whole  gamut  of  ordinary  tonics  and  seda- 
tives having  been  tried  in  vain,  a  medical  expert  was  finally  consulted, 
with  a  view  to  allay  an  irritability  as  inconvenient  to  a  man  who  wished 


7oa 


CAMPHORA  BROMATA. 


to  enter  upon  a  medical  career,  as  it  was  peculiar  and  inexplicable* 
Among  the  curious  features  of  the  case  was  the  fact  that  the  patient 
could  endure  the  actual  presence  of  odours  of  the  most  offensive  kind  j 
and  yet  so  strong  was  mental  association  that  the  mention  of  such  an 
odour  often  resulted  in  a  violent  attack.  He  could  bear  the  effluvia 
and  sights  of  the  dissecting-room  for  hours  together  without  inconveni- 
ence, while  the  glimpse  of  an  insane  or  idiotic  face  would  induce  an 
instantaneous  paroxysm  of  such  intensity  and  violence  that  medical 
assistance  had  to  be  summoned. 

Monobromide  of  camphor  was  administered  in  3-gn  doses  every  3 
or  4  h.  with  excellent  effect  upon  the  gastric  irritability,  but  was  fol- 
lowed by  most  curious  mental  phenomena. 

The  patient  thus  states  his  own  case : 

h,  *'  I  took  the  monobromide  of  camphor  as  prescribed  for  a  weeic  or 
more  with  decided  alleviation  of  the  gastric  trouble,  and  had  begun  to 
congratulate  myself  that  I  could  endure  the  presence  of  a  cuspidor 
without  disagreeable  symptoms  or  disturbance  of  my  internal  peace, 
when  a  novel  and  very  peculiar  train  of  effects  supervened,  and  the 
drug  began  to  have  a  tangible  and  decided  influence.  From  30  m.  to 
an  h.  after  takmg  the  dose  a  strange  doziness  stole  over  me,  I  did  not 
drop  to  sleep  in  the  proper  and  natural  acceptation  of  the  word,  but 
rather  fell  into  a  species  of  trance  of  5  or  10  m.  duration,  my  eyes 
remaining  open  and  my  senses  as  acute  as  ever — perhaps  a  trifle  more 
so.     The  next  step  was  an  unexpected  and  curious  one. 

c.  **  One  afternoon,  about  3  o'clock,  I  took  the  Sixth  Avenue  elevated 
train,  intending  to  alight  at  Twenty-third  Street.  I  entered  the  car  at 
Park  Place,  and  had  been  seated  2  or  3  m.  when  one  of  my  monobro- 
mide trances  supervened.  The  buzz  of  conversation  about  me  was 
perfectly  audible,  and  1  was  conscious  of  all  that  was  passing,  I  came 
to  myself  with  a  start  at  Bleecker  Street  station.  My  first  impression 
was  that  I  had  boarded  the  wrong  train  ;  I  was  completely  '  turned 
round,'  and  could  not  disabuse  myself  of  the  idea  that  the  train  was 
going  south  instead  of|  north.  I  studied  the  landmarks  and  the  num- 
bers of  the  streets  one  after  another  from  the  car  window,  and  soon 
satisfied  my  mind  that  I  was  travelling  in  the  right  direction.  But  the 
ftdsc  sensory  impression  stili  continued.  I  had  not  altered  my  position 
during  my  doze,  nor  had  the  direction  in  which  the  train  was  moving 
been  shifted  in  such  a  manner  as  to  account  for  the  strange  delusion  of 
the  senses.  1  got  out  of  the  car  at  Twenty-third  Street,  as  I  was  in 
the  habit  of  doing,  and  started  to  walk  home — I  had  apartments  in 
Twenty-eighth  Street^ — but,  familiar  as  every  landmark  was,  the  false 
sensation  was  not  corrected  by  my  descent  to  the  street,  I  walked  up 
Sixth  Avenue  under  the  impression  that  I  was  walking  down,  and 
turned  to  the  east  when  I  arrived  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-eighth 
Street,  under  the  impression  that  I  was  turning  to  the  west.  The 
false  sensation — there  is  no  other  accurate  name  for  it — persisted  until 
I  entered  my  room,  when,  with  a  sudden  transition,  it  disappeared,  and 
I  was  correct  again  as  to  the  points  of  the  compass.  From  the  date  of 
this  experience  the  phenomenon  was  one  frequently  repeated,  and  at 
first  I  was  rather  amused  and  studied  its  features  with  something  akin 


CAMPHORA  BROMATA.  703 

to  curiosity.  On  the  Third  Avenue  elevated  railroad,  and  on  the 
Third,  Fourth,  and  Sixth  Avenue  surface  cars  the  condition  was 
equally  sure  to  supervene,  provided  that  I  had  taken  my  dose  of  mono- 
bromide  a  few  m.  previous  to  setting  out,  and  so  common  did  it  become 
in  the  course  of  4  or  5  d.  that  I  acquired  the  partial  habit  of  moving 
about  by  reference  to  landmarks,  instead  of  doing  so  in  the  semi-auto- 
matic way  usual  with  people  who  are  ^miliar  with  the  ground  that 
they  are  traversing.  One  fact  I  soon  ascertained  beyond  a  question, 
and  that  was  that  the  phenomenon  was  not  due  to  any  external  cause, 
alteration  in  my  position,  or  in  the  direction  of  the  car  while  I  was 
dozing,  but  to  some  internal  and  unique  ph3rsiological  effect  of  the 
medicine.  In  every  instance  the  points  of  the  compass  were  exactly 
reversed.  North  seemed  to  be  south,  and  east  seemed  to  be  west,  and 
there  was  no  variation  from  this  rule,  no  partial  reversal  of  the  cardinal 
points^  during  the  4  or  5  weeks  that  I  was  taking  the  medicine. 

d.  ^I  haa  been  the  victim  of  more  than  20  such  experiences — trances 
I  may  style  them,  for  want  of  a  more  accurate  term — followed  by  a 
complete  reversal  of  the  points  of  the  compass,  which  generally  lasted 
for  10  or  15  m.,  and  then  suddenly  cleared  away.  But  as  the  mono- 
bromide  was  answering  admirably  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  pre- 
scribed, I  still  continued  to  take  it.  One  afternoon  as  I  was  riding  up 
Third  Avenue,  I  fell  into  a  doze  as  the  car  was  passing  Cooper  Insti- 
tute and  did  not  recover  my  normal  condition  until  the  conductor  called 
Twenty-fourth  Street.  As  usual  I  was  turned  round,  and  I  walked 
home  in  that  uncomfortable  but  now  familiar  state.  To  my  astonish- 
ment— an  astonishment  that  deepened  into  terror  as  the  hours  went  by 
— the  £tdse  impression  was  not  dispelled,  as  it  had  always  been  pre- 
viously, on  entering  my  room,  but  remained  through  the  evening,  and 
was  still  present,  like  a  strange  nightmare,  when  I  went  to  sleep.  I 
passed  a  few  h.  in  troubled  slumber,  vexed  with  ghastly  dreams. 

e.  ^  My  first  impulse  on  getting  out  of  bed  in  the  m.  was  to  step  to 
the  window  and  ascertain  whether  I  was  still  ^  turned  round.'  The 
sun  was  just  struggling  into  view  above  the  cornices  of  the  buildings, 
and,  to  my  terror,  it  seemed  to  be  rising  in  the  west.  The  impression 
persisted  during  the  whole  d.,  although  I  at  once  discontinued  the 
monobromide,  and  I  retired  to  bed  that  n.  wearied,  bewildered,  men- 
tally tired  with  the  constant  vigilance  I  had  been  obliged  to  exert  in 
order  to  prevent  mistakes  in  walking  about  the  city  in  pursuit  of  my 
usual  vocation.  Innumerable  large  black  flies  seemed  to  be  flitting  and 
coursing  in  swarms  to  and  fro  across  the  field  of  vision ;  lances  of  pain 
shot  from  temple  to  temple,  and,  at  the  base  of  the  brain,  a  dull  be- 
numbing sense  of  pressure  extended  upward  in  the  direction  of  the 
coronal  region.  I  fell  into  an  uneasy  drowse  about  midnight,  and 
slumbered  for  several  h.  without  obtaining  any  real  rest  or  repose. 
For  a  2nd,  a  3rd,  and  a  4th  d.  the  sensation  persisted.  To  describe 
what  I  suffered  would  be  to  tax  language  beyond  its  resources,  the  con- 
dition was  one  so  whimsical  in  its  nature,  and  yet  so  maddening  in  its 
e£Fect  on  brain  and  nerve — so  torturing  in  its  eternal  conflict  between 
the  senses  and  the  understanding.  No  one  who  has  not  experienced 
the  result  of  a  protracted  strain  of  the  faculty  of  attention  such  as  I  was 


704 


CAMPHORA    BROMATA. 


obliged  to  endure,  can  possibly  comprehend  how  such  a  condition  taxes 
one-s  physical  forces.  At  the  end  of  the  4th  d.  I  was  prostrate  in 
mind  and  body,  and  so  enfeebled  that  I  could  scarcely  walk.  I  saw  no 
relief  from  the  tension  but  death,  thanked  God  fervently  when  I  began 
to  be  a  little  dozy,  and  went  to  sleep  earnestly  hoping  that  I  might 
wake  up  with  my  points  of  the  compass  properly  adjusted  or  never 
wake  at  all.  Fortunately  my  petition  was  granted  ;  another  d.  of  such 
torture  muse  have  ended  in  insanity  or  brain  fever.  The  next  m.  the 
sun  rose  in  the  east  as  usual,  and  I  went  about  like  one  who  had  been 
released  from  a  troubled  dream  i  but  it  was  many  d.  before  my  nerves 
fully  recovered  from  the  shock  they  had  sustained|  and  even  now  I 
shiver  at  the  recollection  of  my  suflFering." 

yi  Dr.  Beard's  explanation  of  the  case  was :  **  That  by  some  ab- 
normal action  of  the  drug,  some  interference,  most  likely,  with  the  cere- 
bral circulation,  the  initiative  was  transferred  from  the  L  hemisphere  of 
the  brain  to  the  r.  It  is  a  familiar  fact  that,  under  normal  conditions^ 
all  our  muscular  impulses  originate  in  the  1.  hemisphere  of  the  brain 
and  are  transferred  to  the  r.  The  1.  lobe  of  the  brain  leads,  the  r. 
follows,  and  thus  the  activities  of  a  mass  that  actually  consists  of  two 
brains  which  are  functionally  independent  of  each  other,  arc  co-ordi- 
nated and  work  together  in  harmony.  If  both  hemispheres  acted 
simultaneously  and  independently  the  result  would  be  double  thought, 
double  life,  disorder,  and  contradiction.  Each  hemisphere  being,  then, 
so  far  as  nervous  functions  are  concerned,  both  motor  and  sensory,  a  per* 
feet  brain,  one  must  be  subordinated  to  the  other  in  function,  or  con- 
fusion would  result ;  and  it  ts  probable  in  point  of  fact  that  many  strange 
psychological  phenomena  actually  arise  from  temporarily  interrupted  or 
defective  co-ordination  ;  as  when,  for  example,  a  man  has  the  momen- 
tary consciousness  of  double  being  or  of  living  a  double  life — a  pheno- 
menon due,  no  doubt,  to  the  momentarily  independent  action  of  the 
two  masses.  In  the  case  of  the  young  man,  it  is  probable  that  the  co- 
ordination of  the  two  hemispheres  was  disturbed,  and  that  the  r.  for 
the  time  being  assumed  the  initiative  that  had  so  long  appertained  to 
its  fellow. 

g,  "  The  result  was  a  complete  reversal  of  the  established  associations 
of  the  sensory  and  intellectual  life.  As  the  effect  of  the  sedative  wore 
off  and  the  normal  circulation  was  re-established,  the  1,  hemisphere 
resumed  its  former  hegemony,  and  the  natural  order  of  things  was 
restored. 

A,  ^'It  is  possible,  again,  that  the  trouble  was  confined  to  the  optic 
nerve  and  its  lobes,  and  did  not  extend  to  the  whole  cerebral  mass*  A 
little  anatomical  study  will  readily  explain  how  this  might  occur,  with 
the  exact  result  described  by  the  patient.  But  this  is  certain,  in  any 
event,  that  the  old  explanation  of  being  '  turned  round '  did  not  hold 
good  in  the  case  under  consideration,  and  that  a  deeper  and  more  occult 
cause  must  be  assigned  for  it.**     (A^.  K  Mid,  Ttmts^  April,  1883*) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals. —  r.  Like  other  bromides,  it  produces 
weakness  and  paralysis,  stupor  and  sleep*  It  slows  pulse  and  respi- 
ration, and  reduces  temperature*  In  the  rabbit  the  vessels  of  the  eye 
and  ear  are  contracted.     When  given  for  a  length  of  rime  it  produces 


CANNABIS  SATIVA.  705 

marked  emacfation.  In  large  doses  it  has  caused  epileptiform  convul- 
sions. (Brunton,  Pharmac$l§iy^  p.  930.  Summary  of  De  Bourne- 
vine's  experiments  in  Practititmr^  xiii,  112.) 


CANNABIS. 

Hemp.  Nat.  Ord.,  Qammbmace^.  [There  seems  no  eisential  distinction  between 
the  C.  sativa  and  the  C.  indica ;  and  their  effects  exhibit  no  sharp  lines  of  dcmarca- 
tion,  as  the  following  pathogeneses  show.  Nevertheless,  it  has  been  thought  well  to 
give  each  a  serarate  section,  that  any  real  difference  of  action  may  be  utilised  in 
practice.— Eds^I 

Cannabis  aatiya.     Common  hemp. 

1.  Pravings. — i.  Hahnemann,  Mat.  Med.  Pura^  vol.  i  of  original 
and  translation.  Contains  283  symptoms  from  self  and  8  others,  and 
47  from  authors. 

2.  April  7th,  7  a.m.,  took  10  dr.  tinct. — 9th,  7  a.m.,  30  dr.  No 
symptoms. — nth,  7  a.m,  70  dr.  At  12  noon,  severe  tearing  and 
biorin^  in  r.  side  of  skull — a  symptom  often  observed  without  taking 
medicine.  3  p.m.,  weight  and  heat  in  sinciput  till  e.  4  p.m.,  shoot- 
ing in  end  of  urethra  repeatedly,  not  when  urinating.  (Lembke, 
Z./  h.  Kl.j  iv,  155.) 

3.  Nov.  26th,  I  dr.  tinct.  Strong  erections  in  m.  after  coitus  in 
n. ;  stoob  irregular,  much  pressing  required,  attended  with  tenesmus, 
which  continues  after  evacuation  ;  sometimes  has  sudden  call  to  soft 
stool;  ft^uent  urging  to  urinate,  sometimes  with  burning,  urine 
turbid  ;  sexual  desire  goes  ofF  later.  The  first  2  d.  on  waking  in  m., 
verticallv  disposed,  shining,  white  points  extending  in  lines  from  one 
eye  to  the  other,  they  eo  ofF  some  time  after  rising,  later  flickering 
before  eyes,  light  and  (urk  points  hover  in  different  directions  before 
the  sight.  After  4  d.,  in  1.  ear  a  ringing  as  if  a  stretched  string  were 
struck,  which  reverberates  a  long  time ;  an  inflamed  pimple  in  r.  ear, 
very  painful  when  touched,  with  swelling  of  inner  ear,  matter  forms 
after  4  d.,  which  is  discharged  mixed  with  blood  ;  ebullition  of  blood 
to  head  with  heat ;  at  n.  very  hot,  sweats  towards  m.  ;  his  nipple 
inflames,  itches,  is  painful  to  touch  ;  a  pustule  beside  it  which  does 
not  burst,  but  goes  o£F  after  a  few  d.  On  hairy  scalp,  on  nape  and 
behind  ears  painful  tender  pimples,  which  heal  up  in  a  few  d.  without 
scabs  ;  aching  and  itching  in  eyeballs  ;  scraping  and  burning  in  throat 
for  some  d.,  he  must  hawk  and  has  dry  cough,  in  the  m.  much  mucous 
expectoration.  After  10  d.  oppressed  breathing,  precordial  anxiety, 
stitches  between  scapulae,  aggravated  after  eating,  relieved  by  sitting. 
After  12  d.  vomiting  after  coffee  of  viscid  acid  slime.  On  stooping 
cramp  in  nates,  must  rise  up  immediately ;  several  such  atucks. — 
Dec.  2nd,  2  dr.  Afternoon  and  e.  his  thoughts  are  confused  and  he 
writes  in  the  wrong  place,  at  same  time  heat  and  ebullition  in  head, 
but  chilliness  in  open  air,  itching  in  fingers  and  hands ;  vivid  agreeable 
dreams  ;  depressed  spirits.— 9th,  5  dr.  Woke  next  m.  at  6  o'clock 
with  urging  to  stool,  but  nothing  but  wind  passed  and  the  urging 
continued.     After  a  pipe  had  a  hard  stool,  with  nausea  and  inclination 

45 


7o6 


CANNABIS  SATIVA. 


to  vomit, — lOth,  10.30  a.m.j  4  dr.  Immediately  forgets  what  he  was 
going  to  write,  retching  and  inclination  to  vomit.  After  3  h.  needle 
pricks  in  tip  of  r,  ring  finger.  Later  in  afternoon,  feeling  of  great 
coldness  under  nails  ;  slight  drawing  in  a  hollow  tooth,  especially  when 
something  acid  touches  it. — i  ith.  Awoke  with  great  nausea  and  tJicli* 
nation  to  vomit,  especially  when  lying  on  r,  side  ;  for  several  d.  great 
appetite  in  e*,  eats  too  much  and  is  sick  ;  uncomfortable  and  depressed 
all  d.  with  eructation  of  air  and  fulness  in  abdomen. and  no  appetite 
till  n.,  when  appetite  returns  ;  in  e.  chilliness,  yawning,  stretching 
limbs  and  laziness;  prickly  feeling  under  I  big  toe  as  if  great  coldness 
were  under  nails  ;  cramp  in  r.  heel  ;  itching  wheals  on  arms  and  nape, 
which  soon  go  ofF;  toothache  drawing  in  a  hollow  tooth  and  violent 
shooting  on  sucking  it  out  with  tongue  i  r.  side  of  palate  swollen  and 
a  lump  on  it  as  from  a  gumboil, — 12th.  Woke  in  m.  with  nausea  and 
inclination  to  vomit,  all  m.  uncomfortable  yawning,  sleepy,  lazy, 
inclined  to  do  nothing ;  rumbling  in  bowels,  slight  spasm  in  stomach, 
which  feels  empty,  though  he  cannot  fancy  anything  to  eat»  Imperfect 
erection  during  coitus  without  voluptuous  feeling  or  ejaculation. 
Mouth  of  urethra  somewhat  inflamed,  painful,  and  feels  hard.  Much 
flatus  m.,  stool  in  small  pieces,  with  flatus  5  after  coitus  without 
pleasure,  strong  painful  erections  at  n.  which  woke  him  up ;  cutting- 
shooting  in  orifice  of  urethra  j  spasm  in  stomach  ;  nausea  and  hawking 
of  mucus  and  vomiting,  relieved  by  coffee;  depression  of  spirits  ;  in  m. 
visible  and  perceptible  pulsation  of  temporal  arteries — 14th,  20  dr#  rst 
diL  Immediately  nausea  and  vomiting  at  first  of  bitter  then  of  insipid 
mucus  with  great  straining;  teeth  on  edee ;  afterwards  hunger;  L 
cheek  red  but  cool,  r.  pale,  r.  teeth  painful  After  \  h.  pinching  in 
belly,  like  call  to  stool.  After  i  h.  ebullition  towards  head  when 
writing  ;  heartburn  ;  woke»  m.,  with  urging  to  stool  ;  in  spite  of  much 
straining  only  wind  came,  the  urging  to  stool  and  urine  continued  till 
he  took  coffee  and  smoked  a  pipe,  when  he  had  a  broken- up  stool,  but 
vomited  the  coffee;  itching  in  urethra;  eruption  of  papules,  which 
itch  and  smart,  on  chest  and  back. — ist  d.,  shooting  in  rectum,  with  a 
kind  of  contraction  of  sphincter,  frequently,  when  walking;  afternoon, 
a  strangling  sensation  in  1.  testicle  when  walking,  the  epididymis  and 
spermatic  cord  swollen  in  lumps  like  beans. — 2nd  d.,  sore*throat  as  if 
raw,  with  great  dryness,  worst  m.  in  bed,  after  rising  expectorated  a 
lump  of  mucus  and  felt  better ;  scrapy  and  dry  in  chest ;  i  h.  after 
breakfast  general  discomfort,  especially  in  abdomen,  as  if  blown  out, 
with  shooting-cutting  pains  there  and  chilliness  all  over;  eructation 
with  taste  of  food,  later  of  mere  wind  ;  teeth  on  edge  ;  hawking  of 
mucus  difficult  to  detach  that  irritates  throat ;  feet  feel  heavy  when 
going  upstairs  ;  sensation  as  of  sand  in  r,  eye  ;  very  distracted,  cannot 
comprehend  things  easily,  hardly  knows  what  to  write,  confused 
thoughts  ;  urging  to  stool  after  dinner  and  dwrhaea,  later  itching  and 
pricking  in  rectum  ;  sleepy  for  |  h,  after  dinner  ;  itching  on  chin  and 
tip  of  nose ;  when  sitting  r.  natis  becomes  painful  and  r.  leg  goes  to 
sleep  i  shooting^pressing  pain  in  1.  little  toe  formerly  the  seat  of  a 
corn  ;  e»,  burning  in  eyes ;  spasmodic  pain  in  stomach'^  m. ;  heaviness 
and  going  to  sleep  of  r,  hand,  relieved  by  moving  it. — 6th  d.,   violent 


CANNABIS  SATIVA.  707 

burning  of  all  skin^  especially  feet,  hands,  palms,  and  belly,  all  n.,and 
next  m.  a  painful  pustule  on  nape.     (Schreter,  N.  Archiv^  iii,  i,  172.) 

4.  Mrs.  S — .  Dec.  and,  7  dr.  tinct.  After  3  h.  (at  10  a.m.),  earache 
and  pain  in  throat,  then  coldness  with  heat  alternating  with  dull  headache, 
aggravated  by  moving  and  stooping  as  if  all  within  head  were  shaken,  so 
that  she  must  walk  quite  stiffly  or  sit  quite  still  leaning  against  something, 
frequent  stitches  in  head  on  1.  side  and  behind  r.  ear  \  the  stitches  so  vio- 
lent they  made  her  start,  lasted  at  n.  in  sleep,  so  that  she  moaned  and 

froaned  and  frequently  woke.  Pressure  on  eyelids  so  that  she  can  with 
ifficulty  open  them,  and  stitches  round  about  orbits ;  some  heat  and 
fever,  glowine  hot  face,  but  it  felt  cold  when  she  moved  ;  severe  pains  in 
throat,  whicn  is  swollen  outside  and  inside,  with  dysphagia  ;  very 
tired,  must  lie  down  all  d.  Shooting  in  upper  arm  and  bones  of  little 
finger,  this  lasted  3  d. ;  in  the  flesh  on  outer  side  of  1.  tibia  pain  like  a 
bruise,  then  shooting  in  whole  1.  extremity ;  shooting  and  pain  in  1. 
ankle-joint,  relieved  by  washing  in  cold  water ;  stool  thin  and  yellowish, 
passed  by  mistake,  thought  it  was  wind  ;  pains  in  abdomen,  cutting,  not 
removed  by  rubbing;,  but  only  by  drinking  cold  water ;  urine  scanty  ;  no 
voluptuous  feeline  during  coitus  \  dizziness  for  some  d.,  the  room  seemed 
to  turn  round  wiui  her. — loth,  10.30  a.m.,  4  dr.  Always  giddy,  things 
seem  to  whirl  round  ;  hiccup,  m.  \  itchine-shooting  in  vagina,  and 
leucorrhoea  after  coitus ;  urine  scanty ;  slignt  bellyache  before  stool. 
Itching  pimples  on  neck,  nape,  and  chest ;  gum  around  a  decayed  tooth 
inflamed,  swelled  and  painful ;  head  constantly  dizzy,  it  felt  as  if 
moving  from  one  side  to  the  other. — 14th,  20  dr.  ist  dil.  Drawing 
pains  in  a  decayed  tooth  with  swelling  of  gum,  e. ;  before  stool  always 
slight  bellyache ;  stool  sometimes  loose,  sometimes  hard  ;  itching  around 
knee;  a  nollow  tooth  crumbles  away.    [Ibid,) 

5.  From  taking  some  tablespoonfuls  of  an  infusion  of  3ij  fresh  can. 
sat.  in  Jviij  water, — vertigo,  confused  head,  headache,  tinnitus  aurium, 
pale  fiice,  dryness  of  mouth,  viscid  mucus  in  throat,  eructation,  com- 
plete anorexia^  loss  of  taste,  cough ;  weak,  often  inaudible,  voice, 
oppressed  breathing  and  pressive  pain  all  over  chest,  transient  violent 
palpitation  of  heart,  exhaustion,  eruption  on  head  and  chest  consisting 
of  white  vesicles  filled  with  serum,  with  red  areola,  burning  when 
touched.    (Knorre,  A.  h.  Z.,  vi,  34.) 

6.  April  20th,  5.15  p.m.,  Wibmer  took  5  dr.  tinct.,  pulse  being 
then  75*  At  5.30,  10  dr.  After  5  m.,  slight  frontal  headache,  dry- 
ness of  mouthy  throat,  and  lips.  At  6  p.m.,  20  dr.  Taste  disagreeable. 
After  10  m.,  slight  headache  with  slight  throbbing  and  pressure.  At 
6.30  p.m.,  quite  well.  Then  he  took  40  dr.,  the  pulse  being  78. 
Slight  headache  came  on.  At  7  p.m.,  on  getting  up,  felt  the  limbs 
much  fatigued,  this  went  ofF  by  walking. — April  21st,  at  11.45  a.m., 
pulse  being  80,  took  50  dr.  Taste  disgusting.  After  7  m.  some 
drawing  through  forehead.  After  ^  h.  fronul  headache,  which  lasted 
till  I  p.m.  After  3  d.  the  fatigue  of  limbs  increased,  especially  of 
lower  limbs,  with  violent  pain  in  sacrum,  which  compelled  him  to  sit 
and  rest  after  the  slightest  exertion  ;  at  same  time  drowsiness  and  pale- 
ness of  face.  On  the  6th  d.  the  throbbing  headache,  with  heat  of  head 
and  fever,  recurred,  compelling  him  to  lie  down.    Venesection  to  12  oz., 


7o8 


CANNABIS  SATIVA. 


leeches  and  cold  compresses  to  the  head,  relieved  the  headache,  but  the 
pain  in  sacrum,  the  weariness  and  fever,  continued  longer.  There  was 
also  complete  anorexia,  thickly  furred  tongue,  and  constipation,  though 
he  had  suffered  from  diarrhoea  a  few  d.  before.  This  condition  kept 
him  nearly  14  d.  in  bed,  during  which  the  symptoms  gradually  sub- 
sided, but  there  long  remained  anorexia  and  complete  loss  of  tone  in 
intestinal  canaU  The  strongest  purgatives  in  large  doses  were  unable 
to  clear  out  bowels  of  faeces  and  flatulence.  For  many  weeks  afterwards 
he  suffered  from  weariness  of  limbs,  impaired  digestion,  and  great  pale- 
ness and  leanness  of  face,      {(f'^rk.  d,  Jrzneim,  u,  Giftty  ii,  230.) 

7-  a.  About  4.30  p.m,,  I  took  a  very  large  dose  of  an  extract  from 
a  hemp  plant  grown  in  Kentucky,  the  summers  of  which  approach  in 
heat  the  more  temperate  parts  of  India.  No  immediate  symptoms 
were  produced.  About  7  p.m.  a  professional  call  was  requested,  and, 
forgetting  all  about  the  hemp,  I  went  out  and  saw  my  patient. 
Whilst  writing  the  prescription  I  became  perfectly  oblivious  to  sur- 
rounding objects,  but  went  on  writing,  without  any  check  to,  or 
deviation  from,  the  ordinary  series  of  mental  acts  connected  with  the 
process,  at  least  that  I  was  aware  of.  When  the  recipe  was  finished,  I 
suddenly  recollected  where  I  was,  and,  looking  up,  saw  my  patient 
sitting  quietly  before  me.  The  conviction  was  irresistible  that  I  had  sat 
thus  many  m-,  perhaps  h.,  and  the  idea  directly  occurred  that  the  hemp 
had  began  to  act,  and  had  thrown  me  into  a  trance-like  state  of  con- 
siderable duration,  during  which  I  had  been  stupidly  sitting  before  my 
wondering  patient. 

b,  I  hastily  arose  and  apologised  for  remaining  so  long,  but  was 
assured  I  had  only  been  a  very  hw  m.  About  7.30  p.m.  I  returned 
home,  I  was  by  this  time  greatly  excited,  and  the  feeling  of  hilarity 
now  rapidly  increased.  It  was  a  sort  of  bien-etre,  a  feeling  of  inner 
joyousness  y  the  heart  seemed  buoyant  beyond  all  trouble  ;  the  whole 
system  felt  as  if  all  sense  of  fatigue  were  for  ever  banished ;  the  mind 
gladly  ran  riot,  free  constantly  to  leap  from  one  idea  to  another, 
apparently  unbound  from  its  ordinary  laws.  I  was  disposed  to  laugh  j 
to  make  comic  gestures  j  one  very  frequently  recurrent  fancy  was  to 
imitate  with  the  arms  the  motions  of  a  fiddler,  and  with  the  lips  the 
tunes  he  was  supposed  to  be  playing.  There  was  nothing  like  wild 
delirium,  nor  any  hallucinations  that  I  can  remember.  At  no  time 
had  I  any  visions,  at  least  any  that  I  can  now  call  to  mind  ;  but  a 
person  who  was  with  me  at  that  time  states  that  once  1  raised  my 
head  and  exclaimed  "  Oh,  the  mountains,  the  mountains  !  **  Whilst 
I  was  performing  the  various  antics  alluded  to  I  knew  very  well  1 
was  acting  exceedingly  foolishly,  but  could  not  control  myself. 

r.  I  think  it  was  about  0  when  I  began  to  have  a  feeling  oi 
numbness  in  my  limbs,  also  a  sense  of  general  uneasiness  and  unrest, 
and  a  fear  lest  I  had  taken  an  overdose,  I  now  constantly  walked 
about  the  house.  My  whole  surface  felt  flushed  and  warm  ;  my 
mouth  and  throat  were  very  dry ;  my  legs  put  on  a  strange,  foreign 
feeling,  as  though  they  were  not  a  part  of  my  bodv,  I  counted  my 
pulse,  and  found  it  120,  full  and  strong.  A  foreboding,  an  undefined 
horrible  fear,  as  of  impending  death,  now  commenced  to  creep  over 


CANNABIS  SATIVA.  709 

me :  in  haste  I  sent  for  medical  aid.  The  curious  sensations  in  my 
limbs  increased ;  my  legs  felt  as  though  they  were  waxen  pillars 
beneath  me.  I  remember  feeling  them  with  my  hand,  and  finding 
them  (as  I  thought  at  least)  very  firm,  the  muscles  all  in  a  state  of 
tonic  contraction. 

d*  I  then  began  to  have  marked  ^^  spells  " — periods  when  all  con- 
nection seemed  to  be  severed  between  the  external  world  and  myself 
I  mieht  be  said  to  have  been  unconscious  during  these  times,  in  so  far 
that  I  was  oblivious  to  all  external  objects  ;  but  on  coming  out  of  one, 
it  was  not  a  blank,  dreamless  void  on  which  I  looked  back,  a  mere 
empty  space,  but  rather  a  period  of  active  but  aimless  life.  I  do  not 
think  there  was  any  connected  thought  in  them  ;  they  seemed  simple 
wild  reveries^  without  any  binding  cord — each  a  mere  chaos  of  dis- 
jointed ideas.  The  mind  seemed  freed  from  all  its  ordinary  laws  of 
association,  so  that  it  passed  from  idea  to  idea,  as  it  were,  perfectly  at 
random.  The  duration  of  these  spells  was  to  me  very  great,  although 
they  really  lasted  but  from  a  few  seconds  to  i  or  2  m..  Indeed,  I  now 
entirely  lost  my  power  of  measuring  time ;  seconds  seemed  hours,  minutes 
seemed  days,  hours  seemed  infinite.  Still,  I  was  perfectly  conscious 
during  the  intermissions  between  the  paroxysms.  I  would  look  at  my 
watch,  and  then  after  an  h.  or  two,  as  I  thought,  would  look  again  and 
find  that  scarcely  5  m.  had  elapsed.  I  would  gaze  at  its  face  in  deep 
disgust,  the  minute-hand  seemingly  motionless,  as  though  grown  in 
the  face  itself,  the  laggard  second-hand  moving  slowly,  so  slowly.  It 
appeared  a  hopeless  task  to  watch  during  its  whole  infinite  round  of  a 
m.,  and  always  would  I  give  up  in  despair  before  the  60  seconds  had 
elapsed  Occasionally,  when  my  mind  was  most  lucid,  there  was 
in  it  a  sort  of  duplex  action  in  regard  to  the  duration  of  time.  I 
would  think  to  myself.  It  has  been  so  long  since  a  certain  event, — an 
h.,  for  example,  since  the  doctor  came ;  and  then  reason  would  say. 
No,  it  has  been  only  a  few  m. ;  your  thoughts  or  feelings  are  caused  by 
the  hemp.  Nevermeless,  I  was' not  able  to  shake  off  this  sense  of  the 
almost  indefinite  prolongation  of  time,  even  for  a  minute. 

/.  About  8.45  I  was  standing  at  the  door,  anxiously  expecting  the 
doctor,  the  spells  coming  on  from  time  to  time,  and  unaccompanied  by 
any  muscular  relaxation,  so  that  I  remained  standing,  leaning  perhaps 
slightly  against  the  doorwav.  After  a  while  I  saw  a  man  approaching, 
whom  I  took  for  him.  Tne  sound  of  his  steps  told  me  he  was  walking 
ytxy  rapidly,  and  he  was  under  a  eas-lamp,  not  more  than  the  fourth 
of  a  square  distant,  yet  he  appeared  a  vast  distance  away,  and  a  corre- 
sponding time  approaching.  This  was  the  only  occasion  on  which  I 
noticed  an  exaggeration  of  distance ;  in  the  room  it  was  not  perceptible. 
My  extremities  now  began  to  grow  cold,  and  I  went  into  the  house. 
I  do  not  remember  further,  until  I  was  aroused  by  the  doctor  shaking 
or  calline  me.  I  narrated  what  I  had  done  and  suffered,  and  told  the 
doctor  that  my  opinion  was  that  an  emetic  was  indicated,  both  to 
remove  any  of  the  extract  still  remaining  in  my  stomach,  and  also  to 
arouse  the  nervous  system.  I  further  suggested  our  going  into  the 
office,  as  more  suitable  than  the  parlour,  where  we  then  were.  There 
was  at  this  time  a  very  marked  sense  of  numbness  in  my  limbs,  and 


710 


CANNABIS  SATIVA* 


what  the  doctor  called  a  hard  pinch  produced  no  pain.  When  I 
attempted  to  walk  upstairs  my  legs  seemed  as  though  their  lower  halves 
were  made  of  lead. 

/;  After  this  there  were  no  new  symptoms,  only  an  intensifying  of 
those  already  mentioned.  The  periods  of  unconsciousness  became  longer 
and  more  frequent,  and  during  their  absence  intellection  was  more  im* 
perfect,  although  when  thoroughly  roused  I  thought  I  reasoned  and 
judged  clearly.  The  oppressive  feeling  of  impending  death  became 
more  intense — it  was  horrible.  Each  paroxysm  would  seem  to  have 
been  the  longest  I  had  suffered  ;  as  I  came  out  of  it,  a  voice  seemed 
constantly  saying,  "  You  arc  getting  worse ;  your  paroxysms  arc 
getting  longer  and  deeper  ;  they  will  overmaster  you  ^  you  will  die/ 
A  sense  of  personal  antagonism  between  my  will-power  and  myself  as 
aflFected  by  the  drug  grew  very  strong.  I  felt  as  if  my  only  chance  was 
to  struggle  against  these  paroxysms  ;  that  I  must  constantly  rouse 
myself  by  an  efFort  of  will,  and  that  effort  made  with  infinite  toil  and 
pain*  I  felt  as  if  some  evil  spirit  had  the  control  of  the  whole  of  me, 
except  the  will-power,  and  was  in  determined  conflict  with  that,  the 
last  citadel  of  my  being.  I  have  never  experienced  anything  like  the 
fearful  sense  of  almost  hopeless  anguish  and  utter  weariness  which  was 
upon  me.  Once  or  twice  during  a  paroxysm  I  had  what  might  be 
called  nightmare  sensations  ;  I  felt  myself  mounting  upwards,  expand^ 
ing,  dilating,  dissolving  into  the  wide  confines  of  space,  overwhelmed 
by  a  horrible,  rending,  unutterable  despair.  Then,  with  tremendous 
effort,  I  seemed  to  shake  this  off,  and  to  start  up  with  the  shuddering 
thought.  Next  time  you  will  not  be  able  to  throw  this  off,  and  what 
then  ?  Under  influence  of  an  emetic  I  vomited  freely,  without  nausea, 
and  without  much  relief.  About  midnight  I  went  upstairs  to  bed. 
My  legs  and  feet  seemed  so  heavy  I  could  scarcely  move  them,  and  it 
was  as  much  as  I  could  do  to  walk  with  help.  I  have  no  recollection 
whatever  of  being  undressed,  but  am  told  I  went  immediately  to  sleep. 
When  I  awoke,  early  in  the  m.,  my  mind  was  at  first  clear,  but  in  a 
few  m,  the  paroxysms,  similar  to  those  of  the  e«,  came  on  again,  and 
recurred  at  more  or  less  brief  intervals  until  late  in  afternoon.  AU  d* 
there  was  marked  anaesthesia  of  skin.  At  no  time  were  there  any 
aphrodisiac  feelings  produced.  There  was  a  marked  increase  of  the 
urinary  secretion.  There  were  no  after-effects,  such  as  nausea,  head- 
ache, or  constipation.     (H.  C.  Wood,  Therapeutics^  sub  voce.) 

8,  a.  P.  A — 5  act.  Z4;  nervous  temperament,  good  health.  Took 
3  grms.  of  fresh  alcoholic  extract  i  h.  before  eating.  Felt  about  mid- 
meal  vague  sensation  of  drawing  (tingling),  which  is  a  commence- 
ment of  anaesthesia  of  skin,  and  which  has  been  likened  to  that  feJt  on 
entering  bath.  Soon  palpitation  of  heart  came  on,  increased^  then 
diminished  and  disappeared  only  to  come  again  shortly  after.  Pulse 
small,  rapid,  at  times  irregular,  Difliculty  in  swallowing,  owing  to 
want  of  saliva,  and  I  could  not  eat  any  more.  Feeling  as  if  "  stunned  " 
and  of  compression  in  head.  Felt  no  longer  master  of  myself  i  remained 
motionless  on  chair  for  some  time.  Pulse  rapid,  about  loo.  Breathed 
strongly,  puffs  of  heat  rising.  Head  began  to  make  circular  move* 
mcnt,  which,  extending  to  whole  body,  carried  mc  off  with  chair  on 


CANNABIS  SATIVA.  711 

which  I  sat,  and  I  fell  down.  This  happened  twice  more  ;  I  got  up 
then  and  walked,  but  as  if  I  had  St.  Vitus's  dance,  made  contortions  and 
grimaces,  burst  out  laughine,  emitted  harsh  cries.  I  often  had  brief  re- 
missions, during  which  I  tdd  bystanders  that  the  effect  was  over,  but  I 
could  not  finish  my  phrase  before  a  severer  attack  came  on.  Movements 
suddenly  eot  more  regular,  and  I  began  to  dance,  turning  and  singing, 
until  I  fell  down  worn  out.  Got  up  a  moment  later,  and  sat  down  in 
armchair,  shut  eyes,  and  soon  felt  sensation  in  head  as  if  stunned  and 
compressed  stronger  and  stronger ;  at  same  time  I  lost  consciousness 
of  existence  of  my  limbs.  I  can  only  compare  this  to  sensation  experi- 
enced just  before  losing  consciousness  under  chloroform.  Remained 
in  this  state  five  or  six  m.,  then  I  returned  for  a  moment  to  normal 
state.  Had  been  during  this  attack  very  sad,  whereas  previously  I  was 
very  gay.  Felt  effects  going  off,  got  on  to  a  bed,  slept  for  20  m. 
pursued  by  tiring  thoughts,  woke  up  quite  well  again  ;  whole  effects 
lasted  2  h. 

t.  Took  2  grms.  of  another  extr.  20  m.  before  food.  Very  acrid 
taste,  nearly  nme  me  vomit.  Effects  began  in  5  m.,  had  vertigo  and 
tendency  to  laughter,  ran  about,  gesticulated  for  10  m.,  then  I  sat  down, 
determined  that  no  one  should  notice  anything  of  my  state.  Neverthe- 
less, I  could  not  contain  myself  on  the  entrance  of  somebody.  Had 
contortions,  got  up,  ran  about  gesticulating  and  with  choreic  move- 
ments. Sat  down  to  dinner  after  awhile,  could  not  eat  owing  to  total 
absence  of  saliva.  Got  up  and  walked  like  one  with  St.  Vitus^s  dance. 
Pulse  frequent,  no.  Tension  about  head,  deep  inspirations,  eyes  red, 
attacks  of  gaiety.     This  state  lasted  2  h.  and  then  entirely  disappeared. 

c.  At  10.5  a.m.  I  swallowed  4  grms.  of  another  ;  pulse  80,  conjunc- 
tiva slightly  red.  1 0.40,  ate  as  usual.  At  1 1  felt  effect  beginning.  Dis- 
posed to  speak  and  laugh,  but  resisted.  In  to  m.  I  was  quite  under  its 
influence.  I  left  the  house  tottering  as  I  went,  felt  great  tension  about 
head,  heat  in  eyes.  Legs  very  heavy  ;  feet  felt  dislocated  and  turning 
now  inwards,  now  outwards.  Heart  palpitated.  1 1 .30,  pulse  too  rapid 
to  county  conjunctiva  very  red,  eyelids  half  closed.  Have  feeling  of 
intense  bewilderment,  tremblings  in  wrists,  can  hardly  write.  11.40, 
head  very  heavy,  tendency  to  immobility,  sensation  of  undulating 
flames  before  eyes,  conjunctiva  very  red,  pupils  strongly  dilated.  Eye- 
lids are  seat  of  sensation  of  heat  and  pricking  at  ext.  angle  ;  pulse 
170,  small,  compressible,  very  irregular;  palpitation,  beatings  at  nape 
of  neck,  tongue  dry,  no  thirst.  12.5,  same  state  of  eyes,  they  seem 
to  me  swollen  ;  feel  spasmodic  closing  of  jaws,  pressure  at  temples  ;  pulse 
130.  12.10,  undulating  feeling  in  whole  body,  sight  dim,  leaden  coun- 
tenance, sensation  of  pressure  at  mastoid  processes,  and  of  hissing  in 
ears.  12.18,  great  weight  of  head,  eyes  painful,  pupils  dilated,  sensation 
of  flames  before  eyes,  great  dryness  of  mouth  and  nose,  tongue  dry, 
covered  with  white  dried  mucus ;  pulse  140.  I  feel  in  a  world  which 
is  no  longer  the  same.  12.35,  want  to  urinate,  but  find  great  diffi- 
culty. Eyes  same ;  very  tired  ;  I  go  to  bed.  At  1.15  I  get  up,  I  seem 
to  have  lain  a  long  time.  Numerous  ideas  have  rolled  like  torrent  over 
my  brain,  but  I  can  recall  none.  Head  very  heavy,  can  hardly  see  to 
write  i  nausea,  mouth  very  dry  i  when  I  bend  over  the  paper  I  have 


711 


;annabis  sativa. 


difficulty  to  combat  inclination  to  immobility.     I  press  my  pen  n\ 

cold  extremities,  no  warmth  at  skin,  frequent  want  to  urinate  i 

to  have  been  long  thus.     1*30,  mouth  always  very  dry,  tongue  o 

with  white  lines,  dryness  of  pharynx*     2,  pulse   130,  weight  s 

gastrium*     3,  face  very   palc^  same  redness  of  eyes,  great   mti 

weakness.     A  friend  comes,  who  continues  observ^ation  for  me, 

breathing  frequent,  heart  •beats  weak.     Patient  complains  of  palpii 

pulse  130,  small,  compressible,  fcice  pale,  like  one  affected  with 

disease  of  brain,  eyes  injected,  very'  bright.     Digestion  retarded. 

pulse  110,  he  hardly  answers  questions.     5,  went  out,  was  bew 

all  the  time.     5*30,  took  some  soup.     7,  loud  hissing  in  ears,  palpi 

general  stiffness.     Symptoms  increase.     9.15,  can   hardly  stan  * 

pains  top  of  head,  r.  side  ,  pain  at  bottom  of  spine,  and  in  coxo-fis 

joints  i  very  tired  ;  pulse  140,  downcast  look.     10,  to  bed.     B 

very  stiff,  moved   arms  with  difficulty,  lost  sensation  of  anythi 

contact  with  me,  my  body  seemed  transformed  into  solid  mass. 

frightened  at  this  state,  wnich  went  away  and  often  returned 

hear  an  intense  noise,  a  great  bell.     Slept  at  1 1.30,  woke  often  1 

n.     Next  m*  thought  I  was  cured  ;  no  headache,  pulse  slow,  bui 

heavy  as  soon  as  I  got  up,  and  mind  troubled.     Ate  little,  tens 

head  increased.       This  was  repeated  for  9  d.,  viz.  feeling  w 

waking,  but  head  heavy  on  rising  and  mind  clouded  and  uniit  for 

lectual  work.     Constipation  remained  for  some  time  after.     (P] 

Albert,  Ohs,  iur  U  Qianvre  indigene^  Strasburg,  1859.} 

9,  Mdllc,  X — -^  set.  25,  nervous  temperament,  imprcssionabl< 
constitution  and  healthy  took  2  grms.  of  2nd  extract  15  m.  bcfor 
While  eating  she  became  first  of  all  very  preoccupied,  then  began 
gluttonously,  which  was  contrary  to  her  habits.     Toward*  end  ( 
she  looks  at  people  at  table  with  astonished  air  and  strange  expi 
then    bursts  into  ceaseless  laughter  interspersed  with  harsh 
called  to  her  loudly  to  make  her  stop  \  she  did  stop,  got  up,  and 
to  go  about  room  with  preoccupied  air,  sometimes  stopping, 
round  on  her  heclj  and  then  going  on  again,     PuJse  very  fro 
though  small ;  mouth  dry,  eyes  red,  palpebral  circle  narrowed. 
then  to  walk  in  grotesque  manner  and  laugh  loudly,  then  advanced 
tically  towards  a  person  and  bowed  repeatedly  to  her,  then  bui 
laughing.     Walked  on  again  mumbling  something  unintelligibj 
denly  sat  down,  became  very  pale  and  fainted.     Breathing  bcca: 
cult,  pulse  very  frequent,  very  small,  so  much  so   that  I   cot 
longer  feel  it.      Muscular  relaxation  complete.      In  a  short  tii 
called  in  low  voice,  saying  she  could  not  see,  and  that  she  was 
pupils  very  dilated,  eyelids  drooping,  could  not  move,  but  Itml 
not  stiff.     Gave  her  a  cup  of  tea,  which  made  her  vomit  a  good 
she  was  put  to   bed,  and   remained  in  comatose  state,  rarely  ani 
questions.     Pulse  increased  a  little,  second  cup  of  tea  made  her 
again,  and  prostration  followed  these  attacks,  which  had  lasted  4  h* 
d.  was  quite  well.     [Ibid.) 

10,  a.  M.  L~,  5.5  p.m.,  pulse  80,  regular;  state  normal j 
2i  grms.  of  3rd  exc,  sits  down  to  cat  at  5.10.  At  5*25,  face  fa 
animated,b\oodio  Wa.&^\:^cQm^%\:^W'»x\H«.    S^IO-^ inclines  hea4 


idM 


CANNABIS  SATIVA.  713 

r.  Pulse  lOO.  540,  fidls  on  one  of  his  comrades  with  loud  burst  of 
laughter.  5.50^  we  took  him  away  with  us  ;  on  way  he  spoke  with 
volubility,  ran,  dragging  people  whose  arm  he  had.  When  he  got  to 
bis  room,  6.40,  pulse  100,  still  talks,  but  has  calm  moments.  7 
p.m.,  almost  in  normal  state  again,  only  slight  heaviness  of  head. 
7.15,  pulse  80,  quite  well  again. 

b.  At  4.15  p.m.,  2  |rms  ;  at  6,  dined  with  much  appetite.  Up  to 
8  p.m.  he  was  only  excited,  making  him  speak  much,  but  spoke  sen- 
sibly. Pulse  90,  breathing  regular.  From  8  to  9.30  he  felt  fatigued  5 
pulse  80.  Nothing  noteworthy^  but  at  9.30  he  had  strong  sensation  of 
heat,  breathing  more  frequent,  eyes  became  injected,  ereat  lassitude  came 
on  ;  pulse  120.  At  same  time  had  such  feeling  of  well  being  that  he 
would  not  be  disturbed.     Weakness  persisted  ;  he  fell  asleep ;  pulse  1 00. 

c.  Took  (next  d.)  at  9.50  a.m.  6  grms.  extr.  fasting.  Pulse  was 
75,  breathing  regular.  Began  to  eat  at  10.35.  At  10.50  effect 
began  \  look  is  undecided,  eyes  begin  to  inject ;  pulse  100,  small,  breath- 
ing frequent.  At  1 1,  he  becomes  very  loquacious,  leans  to  r.  and  1., 
wanders.  Begins  phrases  which  he  cannot  end  \  pulse  120,  eyes  and 
face  congested,  cold  extremities.  11. 10,  agitated  and  wanders  stilly 
will  not  have  pulse  felt,  and  laughs  loudly.  11. 15,  face  is  the  seat  of 
partial  contractions ;  does  not  speak  any  more,  looks  sad,  and  inclines 
his  head  ;  pulse  no.  11.20,  wanders  again,  cries  out,  very  agitated  ^ 
he  notices  himself  that  he  is  talking  nonsense  ;  face  has  look  of  stupor ; 
breathing  frequent  and  impeded  ;  eyes  very  congested,  haggard.  11.25, 
same  wanderings,  is  joyous,  rallies,  and  seems  to  be  quarrelling  with 
an  Invisible  being,  who  he  thinks  wants  to  harm  him.  Gets  up  and 
sits  elsewhere.  1 1.30^  begs  people  to  excuse  the  ^^  neglige  ''  of  his  dress 
with  very  sad  look ;  sighs  and  goes  with  contrite  air  to  lie  down  full 
length  on  sofii.  Cold  extremities  \  noisy  breathing  ;  pulse  140,  irregu- 
lar, small ;  mouth  very  dry  \  however,  he  spits  constantly  ;  drinks  much. 
1 1.40,  he  shuts  his  eyes,  does  not  move,  nor  answer  questions.  A  child 
passes  singing  in  the  street  \  he  says  he  hears  an  harmonious  voice.  1 1 .55, 
pulse  1 10,  same  state.  At  1 2,  same  torpor  \  the  clock  strikes  at  cathedral, 

.at  the  first  beats  he  complains  that  they  have  been  ringing  very  long, 
complains  thus  at  each  stroke  of  the  clock.  12.15,  ^^^^  injection  of 
eyes,  hageard  look  \  pulse  no,  same  wandering,  nausea,  pupil  is  not 
contracted  and  remains  sensible  to  light.  12.25,  same  sute  of  pulse, 
nausea,  slight  vomiting,  falls  into  state  of  torpor  and  then  complains  of 
headache.     He  does  not  feel  returning  to  normal  state.     Intellect  still 


At  3  p.m.  he  still  had  tension  in  head,  but  intellect  was  clear.  All 
rest  of  d.  he  had  heaviness  of  head  and  headache.  After  dinner  at  6, 
he  had  an  atuck  again  which  looked  like  drunkenness.  Felt  very  tired 
and  went  to  bed  early ;  agiuted  sleep,  but  well  next  d.     (Ibid,) 

CaxUlftbifl  indica)  Indian  hemp.  (Haschisch,  bhang,  gunjah, 
chiu'nis,  denote  various  native  preparations  of  this  plant,  all  of  which 
owe  their  activity  to  iu  peculiar  resinous  exudation.) 


714 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


I.  Provings, — i.  April  13th,  7  a.m.,  10  dr,  tinct. — 14th,  7  a.m.| 
20  dr.  Between  12  and  a  p.m.,  when  walking  slight  tendency  to  vertigo. 
— 15th,  7  a.m*,  30  dr.  Head  heavy,  confused  ;  vertigo  from  7.30  a.m. 
till  e.  9.30  a.m.,  pressive  pain  on  various  parts  of  skull,  in  L  wrist  and 
I.  ankle,  severe  pain  in  muscles  below  1.  scapula. — 19th,  7  a.m.,  30  dr. 
10  a.m.,  slight  transient  weight  and  heat  in  sinciput. — 20th,  Pain  in 
wrists  and  ankles,  stitches  in  urethra  j  some  days  incomplete  urination, 
it  cannot  be  completed  without  great  pressing. — 23rd,  7  a.m.,  45  dr. 
8  a.m.,  forehead  confused,  heavy.  6  p.m.,  shooting  in  end  of  urethra  ; 
e.,  pain  in  r.  ankle-joint. — 25th,  10  a.m.,  severe  pains  in  joints  of  r, 
big  toe  y  in  same  e. — 29th,  7  a.m.,  60  dr.  9  p*m*,  a  peculiar,  very 
painful  weariness  in  both  legs,  to  p.m.,  tearing  pain  in  I.  knee; 
during  the  last  d.  urine  darker  and  scanty. — 29th  and  30th.  Two  liquid 
stools  and  frequent  urging  to  stool  without  result,— 30th.  E.  and  n,, 
shooting  in  end  of  urethra,  pain  in  1,  wrist, — May  1st,  7  a.m.,  60  dr. 
In  the  n.  frequent  urination,  urine  dark  coloured,  shooting  in  urethra. — 
3rd,  Anxious  feeling  in  chest,  and  quick,  small,  irregular  hearths  beats 
almost  all  d. — 7th,  10  a.m.,  small,  irregular  hearths  beats  causing  anxiety 
when  sitting  and  stooping.     (Lembke^  Z.yi  A.  /T/.,  iv,  155.) 

2,  Dr.  Heikrich  took.  May  6th,  at  5.30  p.m*,  10  gr,  of  a  peculiar 
preparation  of  can.  ind.  called  "  Birimingi.^'  He  chewed  it  and 
swallowed  all  but  about  2  gr.  of  insoluble  matter.  Then  occurred 
scraping  in  fauces,  eructation,  and  slight  nausea.  Could  not  smoke  a 
cigar  in  consequence  of  the  dryness  and  roughness  of  throat.  At  7 
p,m.  met  a  friend  and  spoke  all  kinds  of  stupid  nonsense  to  him  ;  every- 
thing appeared  in  a  ridiculous  light.  Face  and  eyes  red,  felt  hot  and 
had  a  sense  of  agility  in  his  movements.  This  lasted  20  m. ;  then 
suddenly  he  felt  much  oppressed,  everything  seemed  too  narrow,  his 
features  were  distorted,  his  face  pale ;  he  felt  as  if  all  his  blood  was 
boiling  and  streaming  up  to  his  head  ;  he  felt  as  if  his  body  was  lifted  up 
and  he  was  going  to  fly  ;  compressive  and  constrictive  feeling  in  pit  of 
stomach.  His  anxiety  and  weakness  seemed  to  deprive  him  of  all 
power  of  will,  so  that  his  companion  had  to  drag  him  along.  After 
washing  and  drinking  cold  water  he  felt  better  for  5  m.  His  pulse  was 
small  and  with  long  intermissions.  He  felt  sure  his  last  hour  was 
come,  and  he  cried  out,  "  I  am  dying,  I  shall  soon  be  dissected  In  the 
dissecting  room  V*  Horrible  visions  rose  before  him,  increasing  in 
horrible  character  till  unconsciousness  came  on ;  as  consciousness 
returned  some  pleasant  visions  occurred.  It  seemed  to  him  that  he 
was  carried  up  hills  and  steep  precipices  with  enormous  abysses  beneath 
him,  and  all  the  time  he  chattered  continuously.  But  in  spite  of  his 
talkativeness  he  felt  that  he  could  not  express  half  what  he  felt.  All 
his  thoughts  and  actions  since  childhood  seemed  to  recur  to  him. 
When  he  opened  his  eyes  he  saw  everything  and  everybody  about  him, 
and  he  answered  questions,  but  broke  off  into  extravagant  fancies.  He 
did  not  know  when  they  applied  mustard  plasters  to  his  legs  and  rubbed 
him  with  brushes,  the  sensibility  of  his  skin  was  so  much  decreased.  He 
was  not  aware  that  he  had  a  rigor,  and  he  passed  his  urine  involuntarily. 
At  8.30  the  pupils  were  slightly  dilated,  conjuncriva  injected,  heart's 
beats    very  weak,  sometimes    scarcely    perceptible,  pulse    frequently 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  715 

imperceptible  for  i  m.  and  more,  it  then  became  stronger  and  went  up 
to  78  (normal  pulse  58^-60).  These  alternations  of  weaker  and  stronger 
pulse  recurred  several  times  in  the  h.,  respiration  gentle,  regular,  belly 
distended,  extremities  cold,  sometimes  trembling,  skin  insensible  to 
cutaneous  irritants.  He  was  possessed  with  the  idea  that  he  must  die 
and  would  be  dissected,  and  he  took  leave  of  those  around  him.  This 
idea  recurred  frequendy,  and  was  always  synchronous  with  the  sinking 
and  extinction  of  the  pulse.  At  10  p.m.  he  regained  masterv  over  his 
mental  functions,  stopped  chattering  and  felt  pain  in  praecordial  region 
where  mustard  had  been  applied.  Thoughts  chased  one  another  so 
rapidly  through  his  mind  that  he  thought  a  much  longer  time  had 
elapsed  than  was  the  case.  He  did  not  sleep  at  n.  He  passed  urine 
more  frequently  than  usual  and  not  without  difficulty.  Next  m.  he 
was  still  too  confused  to  be  able  to  do  his  work  or  collect  his  thoughts, 
and  he  felt  very  weak.  On  the  3rd  d.  he  walked  about  supported 
between  two  persons.  The  bowels  remained  constipated  for  several  d. 
{Zeitsch.  d.  Vir,  d.  horn.  Atr%U  Oester,^  ii,  306.) 

3.  Dec.  6th,  1866,  Mr.  —  took  60  minims  of  tinct.  at  11.25  P*"^* 
Read  till  12.5  a.m.,  then  began  to  think  about  it,  imagining  that  no 
effect  would  follow,  when  he  felt  sudden,  dull,  aching  pain  and  constric- 
tion, with  numbness  and  tingling  as  if  electrified,  beginning  in  r.  arm, 
gradually  passing  down  to  feet  and  then  to  head,  chiefly  felt  in  arm  and 
axilla.  Came  on  and  ofFlike  wave  of  sensation,  confined  to  r.  side  (this 
side  was  next  the  fire).  Peculiar  metallic  sensation  in  r.  half  of  tongue  \ 
sight  rather  hazy ;  buzzing  in  r.  ear ;  he  seemed  to  go  to  sleep  now 
and  then  for  a  few  moments,  which,  however,  appeared  much  prolonged, 
with  pleasant  dreams,  then  woke  up  and  wrote  down  these  notes. 
Only  10  m.  had  elapsed,  seemed  2  h. ;  sensations  exalted  and  magnified  \ 
pulse  seemed  stronger ;  ideas  flowed  more  rapidly  ;  pictures  on  wall 
seemed  larger  than  reality  ;  thought  he  was  in  Mr.  C — 's  room,  recog- 
nised pictures  as  belonging  to  him,  though  they  were  really  Mr.  R — 's, 
in  whose  [room  he  was.  Pulse,  counted  by  friend,  120,  full  and 
bounding,  is  usually  84  at  this  time.  When  he  ceases  to  exercise  his 
will  falls  into  a  kind  of  dream  which  seems  painfully  prolonged  ;  feels 
as  if  he  never  would  get  through  n.  While  writing  these  notes  time 
seemed  prolonged ;  seemed  to  dream  between  each  two  strokes  of 
pencil ;  all  feelings  of  pleasure  and  pain  seem  exalted  ;  teeth  of  r.  side 
of  mouth  seem  to  him  to  be  clenched  (not  noticed  by  his  friend  ;  was 
probably  subjective  ;  9  d.  later  took  morphiae  acetas,  which  caused 
feeling  as  if  both  sides  of  teeth  were  clenched  ;  never  had  it  at  any  other 
time).  R.  side  of  body  felt  much  enlarged  ;  he  thought  if  he  continued 
to  grow  thus  he  must  bend  over  to  opposite  side  (all  these  symptoms 
occurred  within  ist  h.).  Memory  seemed  feiling;  pleasant  burning 
heat  over  whole  body ;  oppression  on  chest ;  indescribable  sensation 
of  oppression  about  heart ;  feeling  of  sickness  at  heart ;  heart's  beating 
felt  much  embarrassed,  sharp  and  quick,  weak  and  small ;  its  contrac- 
tions seemed  jerky.  This  lasted  till  he  went  to  bed,  3  a.m.  Pulse  he 
counted  as  130 ;  then  followed  great  constriction  in  head,  as  from  iron 
skull  cap;  memory  seemed  gone  (afterwards,  however,  remembered 
nearly  all  that  had  taken  place) ;  pencil  seemed  very  large  ;  felt  very 


7i6 


CANNABIS  INDICA, 


badly  i  felt  sick  at  heart  (word  ^^hiart*^  really  refers  to  hmri) ;  fits  of 
mental  depression  ;  no  power  of  will ;  his  friends  now  went  out  of 
room  J  he  thought  they  had  left  him  to  his  fate  and  wrote  "  cowards'* 
in  his  notes  ,  they  seemed  gone  a  long  time.  When  they  had  gone  he 
went  into  bedroom  ;  stood  in  reverie,  which  seemed  3  or  4  h,,  looking 
through  half*opencd  door  into  sitting-room  ;  sitting-room  seemed  to  be 
of  an  immense  depth  below  him,  though  really  on  same  floor  j  globe 
of  lamp  appeared  of  enormous  size  ;  passed  through  sort  of  dream 
connected  with  all  this  ;  there  was  curious  sensation  connected  with 
the  air,  but  he  cannot  recollect  it.  Ceased  to  take  notes  about  i  a.m. 
Following  symptoms  were  given  me  from  memory  a  few  d.  afterwards  : 
Very  excited  ;  began  dancing  about  room  ;  frequently  laughing  ;  talked 
nonsense^  knew  it,  but  could  not  stop  without  effort  of  will,  which  he 
did  not  care  to  make.  His  friends  tried  to  persuade  him  to  go  into 
surgery  to  take  beer  and  morphia,  but  he  was  sensible  enough  to  refuse. 
His  power  of  Will  with  regard  to  commands  of  others  seemed  intact, 
but  not  over  himself  except  under  strong  stimulus.  Thus,  when  Mr.  H — 
came  into  room,  not  wishing  to  be  thought  drunk,  he  lay  down  on  a 
sofa,  and  could  keep  from  talking  by  great  effort,  but  when  he  did 
speak  to  Mr.  H —  he  slightly  wandered.  When  Mr.  H —  left  he  went 
on  as  before.  About  3  a»m.,  having  roused  himself  to  sobriety^  he  went 
to  bed.  Stumbled  down  steps  on  leaving  his  friend*s  room.  Here  he 
met  another,  who  called  him  by  name,  and  told  him  to  take  care  of 
coal  scuttle  at  foot  of  stairs.  He  felt  displeased  at  his  name  being  called 
out  at  that  time  of  n.  Went  upstairs  all  right  j  avoided  scuttle,  of 
which  he  seemed  somehow  afraid.  Had  distinct  sensation  that  he  must 
keep  sober  till  he  got  to  bed,  otherwise  he  might  do  something  foolish. 
Went  to  bed  ;  fell  into  drowsy  state.  Imagined  finger-nails  of  both 
hands  about  size  of  a  plate,  very  curved,  otherwise  of  natural  shape  j 
on  opening  and  shutting  fingers  they  seemed  to  slide  over  one  another 
like  a  fan  ;  on  tapping  them  against  hard  surface  delicious  sensation 
was  produced.  Remembered  events  of  childhood  (not  now^  but  recol- 
lects that  he  could  then).  Very  delicious  dreams,  cannot  remember 
much  of  them  now.  Woke  in  m.  not  quite  sober  j  could  not  read  or 
understand  his  letters  properly  \  felt  drowsy  till  1.30  p,m*,  with  alter- 
nate waking  and  sleeping,  but  waking  time  was  a  pleasant  dreamy  state. 
1.30  p«m*,  increased  appetite,  ate  good  lunch  (had  had  no  breakfast)* 
All  afternoon,  alternate  dozing  and  waking ,  same  pleasant  dreamy 
state  while  waking.  Increased  appetite  at  dinner.  After  dinner  dozing 
and  waking  as  before,  then  took  coffee,  which  removed  it.  Dryness  of 
mouth  with  thirst  all  d.  Since  then,  for  a  d.  or  two,  depression  of 
spirits  and  disinclination  to  study.  In  writing  these  notes  he  kept 
repeating  sentences  and  words.  (Berridge,  Hahn.  Monthly^  iii,  461.) 
4.  Dec*  7th,  1866. — ^Mr.  — ,  act.  20  or  21,  short  dark  hair,  blue  eyes. 
Took  5J  tincture  in  water,  mixed  with  sp.  ammon.  arom.,  about  11  p.m. 
He  read  till  about  i  p.m.,  then  felt  curious  constrictive  feeling  in  head, 
with  inability  to  think.  Dozed  a  little  on  sofa  in  friend's  room  ;  was 
heard  chuckling  to  himself  i  woke  every  5  m.,  when  it  seemed  to  him  as  if 
hours  had  passed.  After  friend  had  gone  to  bed  kept  waking  up  thinking 
he  was  still  in  room,  but  on  rousing  himself  recollected  all,  then  relaj^ed. 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  717 

About  1.30  a.in.  went  to  bed  ;  could  not  concentrate  mind  on  anything ; 
if  he  tried  to  think  of  anything  his  mind  wandered  into  fanciful  ideas. 
Felt  kind  of  stupor,  as  it  bound  down  by  a  loadstone,  so  that  he  could 
not  move.  When  in  bed  thought  he  was  still  in  his  friend's  room 
(thinks  he  spoke  to  his  friend  and  was  cross  because  he  received  no 
answer,  but  of  this  he  is  not  sure).  Kept  waking  all  n. ;  slept  later 
than  usual  next  m.  This  prover  used  often  to  take  acetate  of  morphia 
subcutaneously  for  a  joke  !  He  had  taken  ^  ^r.  at  6.30  p.m.  and 
again  at  10  p.m.     It  never  thus  affects  him.     (Ibtd.) 

5.  Dec.  17th,  1866. — Same  prover  took  5  gr.  alcoholic  extract  at 
10  p.m.  1 1.30  p.m.,  feeling  of  distension  of  eyeballs,  as  if  starting  out 
of  head ;  they  ached  when  he  tried  to  read.  Felt  drunk,  oome 
dryness  of  mouth,  without  thirst.  At  2  a.m.  took  morphia  subcu- 
taneously ;  seemed  to  pervade  whole  system,  gradually  driving  effects 
of  C.  before  it.  C.  caused  in  him  unpleasant  sensation  of  body  which 
he  could  not  describe.     (Ibid.) 

6.  Dec.  4th,  1866.— Mr.  — ,  act.  22,  dark  eyes,  had  taken  spirit. 
amm.  aromat.  3J  about  6  p.m.,  which  caused  slight  headache.  I'ook 
5J  tinct.  at  1 1  p.m.  In  i  h.  sleepiness,  then  singing  in  ears  ;  then  felt 
very  jolly,  bursting  into  laughter  ;  talked  nonsense  and  could  not  stop. 
His  voice  sounded  to  him  long  way  off.  A  friend  in  same  room  seemed 
to  him  long  way  off.  Felt  as  a  third  person  looking  at  himself  and 
friend.  Felt  he  knew  where  he  was  and  yet  did  not.  Room  seemed 
larger.  Pleasant  sensation  of  warmth,  beginning  in  spine  and  extending 
all  through  body.  After  going  to  bed  sensation  of  heaviness  and 
drowsiness  ;  could  not  lift  arms  or  legs.  When  in  bed  knew  where  he 
was  and  yet  not ;  imagined  he  was  at  home  and  could  hear  usual  sounds ; 
by  strong  efibrt  could  recollect  truth,  then  again  relapsed.  When  in 
bed  had  dryness  of  mouth,  lasting  until  next  m.,  with  thirst.  Frequent 
micturition  at  n.,  much  in  quantity.     {Ibid.) 

7.  Dec.  9th,  i866. — Same  prover  took  70  minims, about  9.30  p.m. 
In  30  m.  dryness  of  mouth  with  thirst,  for  some  time.  In  i  h.  burn- 
ing sensation  in  stomach  for  some  time.  Felt  drunk.  Giddiness, 
everything  seemed  turning  round  for  some  time.  Buzzing  in  ears, 
lasting  some  time.  In  ij  h.  pains  in  forehead  for  some  time.  Great 
appetite }  freauent  micturition  of  much  urine.  In  2^  h.  felt  sleepy  for 
some  time.  Leaden  feeling  in  limbs,  as  though  he  could  not  move  them, 
for  some  time.  Conjunctivae  congested,  without  any  abnormal  sensation 
there.  These  symptoms  lasted  till  between  2  and  3  a.m.,  when  he  took 
acetate  of  morphia  subcutaneously,  which  removed  them.  They  had, 
however,  begun  to  diminish  before  he  took  it.     {Ibid.) 

8.  Dec.  14th,  1866. — Mr.  — ,  in  good  health,  except  a  cold,  took 
5J  of  tinct.  at  4.20  p.m.  9.30,  feeling  of  exhilaration.  Pricking 
pains,  apparently  on  sur&ce  of  heart,  off  and  on.  Woke  once  in  n., 
which  is  unusual.  Next  d.  3ij  in  gum  acacia  and  syrup  at  3.50  p.m. 
5  p.m.,  blood-vessels  of  upper  eyelids  became  very  full  and  distended, 
with  feeling  of  heat.  5.30  p.m.,  same  symptoms,  with  slight  soreness 
of  upper  eyelids.  Scalp  and  skin  of  forehead  felt  tightly  stretched 
over  skull,  as  a  bladder  over  jar.  Intermittent  headache,  in  spot  1. 
side  of  head,  near  anterior  inferior  angle  of  parietal  bone.     Curious 


7i8 


CANNABIS  INDICA, 


shooting  pain  in  I.  arm,  from  shoulder  to  tip  of  middle  finger,  pro- 
ducing in  finger  feeling  of  internal  soreness,  same  as  in  neuralgic  pains. 

Pain  at  one  time  concentrated  itself  in  pulpy  part  of  ungual  phalanx, 
and  at  another  at  upper  part  of  axillary  border  of  scapula,  whence  it 
seemed  to  radiate,  like  wheel-spokes^  for  distance  of  2  in.  6.30  p.m., 
soreness  of  1,  finger  remains,  not  increased  by  pressure  or  use*  Conjunc- 
tiva of  eyes  covered  with  distended  vessels  ;  feeling  of  burning  heat, 
more  marked  in  eyes  than  in  lids,  and  severe.  7  p.m.,  less  constriction 
of  scalp  ;  continuance  of  burning  heat  about  eyes.  7.25  p*m.,  increased 
redness  of  conjunctiva.  Very  subdued  feeling  j  marked  taciturn  tendency. 
7.45  p.m.,  feeling  of  lightness  or  buoyancy,  as  though  he  could  fall  like 
a  cork,  without  sustaining  harm.  Relaxation  of  muscular  power. 
Other  symptoms  as  before.  8  p.m.,  feeling  of  sleep  ;  could  easily  sleep 
if  he  were  to  lie  down  and  give  way  to  the  feeling  ;  but  when  neces- 
sary could  always  rouse  himself  all  through  experiment.  Feeling  of 
relaxation  continues ;  not  at  all  inclined  for  physical  exertion.  Dis- 
position to  remain  perfectly  quiet  without  speaking.  8.30  p.m.,  bottle 
of  lemonade  revived  him.  9.30  p.m.,  continued  refreshed  from  the 
lemonade.  940  p.m.j  disagreeable  effects  began  to  subside,  leaving  a 
disposition  to  be  silent  and  still.  No  headache ;  conjunctiva  natural. 
10  p.m.,  stronger  disposition  to  sleep,  which  continued  at  10.30.  Same 
sensation  at  heart  occurred  during  this  proving  as  in  former,  but 
slighter.  Woke  at  4  a.m.  and  7  a.m.,  which  is  very  unusual.  (Prover 
states  that  the  eye  symptoms  come  on  him,  but  to  a  less  extent,  from 
anything  which  causes  indigestion,  as  he  considers  it  to  be,  ^.^.  from 
eating  two  suppers,  extra  glass  of  wine,  smoking  when  not  well,  or 
from  excessive  doses  of  phosphate  of  iron.  But,  in  this  case,  he  could 
attribute  it  only  to  Cannabis.)     {Ibid,) 

9.  Dec.  22nd,  1866. — E.  W.  B — ,  in  good  health,  except  slight 
cough.  2.55  p*m,,  3j  tinct.  At  4  p.m.  was  referring  to  MS.  index 
of  cases  of  poisoning,  &c.  i  did  not  seem  to  know  where  to  look  for 
what  he  wanted  ;  when  found,  read  it  over  two  or  three  times  without 
seeming  to  understand  it.  Curious  feeling  in  body  and  head,  which  he 
did  not  notice  enough  to  describe.  Knew  it  was  effect  of  C,  and  felt 
alarmed  lest  he  had  taken  too  much.  Then  wrote  down  following 
symptoms,  4,8  p.m.,  feeling  in  head  as  of  something  going  round  in  it, 
from  before  backwards,  on  r.  side.  This  was  transient.  Feeling  of 
pressure  on  both  cheeks,  in  corresponding  spots,  about  posterior  border 
of  malar  bone;  did  not  last  long.  Roused  himself  and  could  recollect 
all.  4.11,  feeling  for  a  few  seconds  as  of  something  surging  like 
waves  up  neck  into  head,  seeming  to  try  to  press  it  forwards.  4.3a, 
wanted  to  refer  to  something  in  his  MS.  Had  to  stop  and  think 
what  he  wanted  to  find,  and  where  to  look  for  it  ;  had  to  think  for 
some  seconds  before  he  could  bring  his  mind  to  subject*  4.36,  peculiar 
feeling  of  moving  or  ''  swimming  '  in  head,  with  transient  feeling  of 
constriction  round  head.  Lay  down  on  sofa  and  dozed  a  little  i  singing 
in  ears,  went  off  when  he  got  up.  4.50,  feeling  of  something  surging 
up  from  posterior  part  of  head  towards  forehead.  5,  dizziness  in  head! 
Felt  drowsy,  and  fell  asleep  in  armchair.  At  one  time  he  tried  to 
write  down  reference  in  his  MS.     Wrote  down  first  half  correctly* 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  719 

though  he  felt  he  might  write  nonsense  in  state  he  was  ;  on  attempt- 
ing to  finish,  did  not  know  what  he  had  to  write,  and  could  only  do 
so  bv  looking  consuntly  at  passage  in  printed  book  while  he  wrote  it 
in  MS.,  and  even  then  he  omitted  something.  After  tea,  6.30,  no  more 
effects.     (Ibid.) 

10.  **  While  in  Paraguay,  I  took  about  2  gr.  of  the  extract  sent  over 
from  England,  about  noon,  breakfasted,  and  lay  down  for  the  siesta  as 
usual.  I  woke  in  the  midst  of  a  wild,  shapeless  dream,  in  a  state  of 
extraordinary  agitation'and  bathed  in  perspiration ;  instinctively  I  felt 
my  pulse,  and  found  it  beating  at  a  tremendous  rate,  but  so  feebly  that 
I  could  not  feel  the  impulse  of  the  heart  against  the  chest.  I  thought 
a  severe  attack  of  fever  was  coming  on,  but  to  my  surprise  my  tongue 
was  quite  clean ;  thoroughly  puzzled,  I  sat  down  and  tried  to  make 
out  what  was  the  matter,  but  in  vain,  for  my  attention  was  principally 
occupied  by  a  hallucination  that  time  was  indefinitely  prolonged,  I 
seemed  to  myself  to  have  sat  there  for  hours,  and  when  I  tried  to  think 
why  I  had  done  so  I  nearly  lost  all  control  over  my  reason,  and  a 
rapid  whirl  of  confused  ana  irrelevant  thoughts  prevented  me  from 
fixing  my  attention  on  one  point  for  a  moment,  and  it  was  only  the 
eflFort  of  checking  myself  when  foiling  which  recalled  me  to  myself, 
and  then  I  suddenly  recollected  cannabis  indica.  But  when  did  I 
take  it  ?  Surely  it  was  yesterday — last  week— days  ago.  Then  with 
infinite  trouble  in  confining  my  attention,  I  succeeded  in  reaching  the 
conclusion  that  the  best  thing  was  to  take  an  emetic,  and  then  some 
strong  coffee  and  brandy.  I  also  remembered  in  a  bewildered  way  that 
some  narive  friends  were  to  visit  me  that  day,  and  feeling  that  I  could 
not  see  them,  I  rang  the  bell  for  the  servant,  to  give  him  directions 
about  them.  After  an  apparent  delay  of  a  few  weeks  he  came,  but  I 
could  not  remember  why  I  summoned  him,  and  only  that  I  had  done 
so ;  and  moreover,  I  felt  that  if  I  spoke  to  him  I  should  only  repeat 
some  nonsense  over  and  over  again,  so  I  stared  at  him  in  silence.  He 
naturally  thought  from  my  wild  appearance — pupils  were  widely  dilated 
—and  my  strange  behaviour,  that  I  was  mad  ;  he  turned  pale — that  is, 
in  an  Indian,  pale  green — and  stammered  out  a  few  words.  I  was 
immensely  amused  at  his  scared  look,  and  laughed  long  and  heartily, 
yet  never  losing  for  a  moment  the  feeling  of  intense  anxiety  with 
which  I  awoke.  At  last  I  so  far  succeeded  in  collecting  my  scattered 
senses  as  to  give  him  directions.  (Narrator  then  took  a  zinc  emetic.) 
Feeling  somewhat  relieved,  and  placing  some  water  to  boil  in  a  flask 
over  a  spirit-lamp,  I  sat  down  in  my  office  and  remained  there  appa- 
rently for  weeks  or  months,  feebly  wondering  why  I  did  so,  and  if  the 
water  before  me  would  ever  boil,  and  what  it  was  for  when  it  did.  I 
was  aroused  from  mv  abstraction — if  the  whirl  and  dull  confusion  of 
thought  could  be  called  so— by  the  water  boiling  over,  and  then,  with 
many  pauses  and  periods  of  forgetfulness,  I  made  a  cup  of  strong  coffee, 
and  nastily  swallowed  it.  I  soon  found  myself  better,  and  after  some 
brandy  and  water  I  lay  down  and  fell  asleep.  I  could  eat  no  dinner 
that  e.,  but  next  d.was  in  my  usual  state  of  health."  (Communicated 
by  Ibid,  Monthly  Horn.  Rev.y  xiii,  726.) 

11.  a.  Christison  took  i  gr.  extract  in  spirit ;  at  dinner,  peculiar 


720 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


numbness  creeping  through  body  and  limbs.  On  lying  down,  numb. 
ness  continued;  in  1 5  m.  sensations  became  agreeable.  Laughed 
heartily  several  times,  answered  questions  incoherently,  immediately 
forgot  what  they  were  about.  Delightful  reveries  came  over  me ; 
whatever  I  looked  at  became  lost  in  a  maze ;  lamp  seemed  to  turn 
slowly  round ;  red  lines  on  paper  of  room  appeared  to  intertwine  in 
most  beautiful  manner.  Most  remarkable  effect  was  constant  succes- 
sion of  new  ideas,  each  of  which  was  almost  instantly  forgotten. 
When  roused  to  tea,  ate  ravenously,  without  feeling  satisfied.  Slept 
soundly  at  n. ;  next  d.  stupid  and  forgetful,  better  after  lemon-juice. 

b.  Same  took  4  gr.  of  extract  for  toothache.  In  i  h*  cessation  of 
pain,  pleasant  numbness  in  limbs,  giddiness,  rapid  succession  of  unasso* 
ciated  ideas,  impossibility  to  follow  train  of  thought,  frequent  intervals 
of  sleep,  slight  increase  in  force  of  pulse.  Felt  no  pain,  but  knew 
toothache  was  present.  Next  m.  ordinary  appetite,  much  torpidtty^ 
great  defect  and  shortness  of  memory,  extreme  apparent  protraction  of 
time,  but  no  peculiarity  of  articulation.  This  state  lasted  till  2  p.m., 
and  ceased  a  few  m,  after  lemonade.  {Monthly  Journ,  of  Mid^  Scitnce^ 
xiii,  34.) 

12.  At  4  p.m.  man  took  2  gr.  of  extract.  6.15,  felt  weak,  chiefly 
about  knees,  slight  inclination  to  laugh,  stupidity^  forgetful  ness,  no 
reverie.  Slept  soundly  at  n.  Next  d.  perhaps  more  stupid,  enlivened 
by  lemonade.     Not  himself  till  following  d.     Appetite  strong.     {Ibid,) 

13.  Man  took  2  gr,  in  spirit,  and  i  gr.  solid  shortly  after  at  4  p.m. 
At  5.45,  when  at  dinner,  after  water,  felt  buzzing  in  cars  and  slight 
giddiness,  2  m,  later,  burst  into  fit  of  laughter  without  cause,  and  had 
to  retire  owing  to  recurrence  of  such  fits.  Limbs  could  not  support 
him  ;  on  lying  down,  delightful  dreams — laughter  at  intervals.  At  8 
p.m.  had  tea,  ate  voraciously ;  lay  down  again,  laughed  and  sang. 
Slept  soundly.  Next  d.  symptoms  continued,  but  less,  till  afternoon. 
Lemon-juice  had  great  effect  in  restoring  faculties.     {Ibid J) 

14.  I  took  between  2  and  3  grammes  of  haschisch,  9  a.m.  In  15  m., 
peculiar  movement  in  extremities,  propagating  itself  towards  interior  of 
body.  Felt  as  if  something  entered  tips  of  fingers  and  moved  progres- 
sively, and  without  interruption,  to  my  brain,  without,  however,  derang- 
ing intellectual  faculties  or  producing  pain.  It  was  like  sensation  of 
nettles  on  skin,  or  ants  moving  over  body,  or  titillation  of  sole  of  foot, 
but  these  do  not  exactly  express  sensation.  Felt  I  was  in  abnormal 
state,  and  was  contented.  Wanted  to  work,  but  could  not ;  my  hands, 
affected  by  nervous  excitement,  refused  to  execute  delicate  movements. 
Near  houses  seemed  removed  to  a  distance,  voices  heard  seemed  to 
come  from  far.  All  distances  seemed  great,  felt  as  raised  from  ground 
and  walking  through  air,  while  persons  in  street  touched  the  ground  as 
my  inferiors,  and  could  not  mount  as  I  had  done.  Thought  I  should 
never  reach  home,  distances  seeming  to  grow.  Portress,  on  hearing  me 
speak,  said,  **  His  voice  has  changed,"  I  answered,  'Ut  is  effect  of 
haschisch."  Went  in,  left  key  outside  in  door.  Wanted  to  open  two 
letters,  but  nervousness  hindered  me,  could  only  pass  them  between  fin- 
gers and  turn  them  for  2  or  3  m.  At  last,  seized  with  supreme  disdain 
for  vulgar  things,  I  flung  them  on  ground  as  unworthy  my  thoughts. 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  721 

Crowds  of  ideas  came  into  mind,  and  grew  clear  and  precise  ;  nervous 
movement  grew,  agreeable  feeling  came  on.  When  I  had  got  into 
bed,  clothes  seemed  to  remove  from  my  body,  as  sign  of  respect.  Saw, 
to  my  great  satisfiiction,  all  events  of  my  life  pass  before  me ;  but 
ideas  changed  so  rapidly  that  I  could  not  dwell  on  single  one.  I  knew 
of  my  state,  but  sought  to  corroborate  it  by  proofs.  Had  doubts,  and 
thought  I  was  perhaps  at  work  in  laboratory,  but  this  doubt  passed  like 
lightning,  as  I  could  get  out  of  bed  and  walk — which  I  did  ^  could  go 
back  to  bed — which  I  did,  having  examined  my  clothes^  looked  at 
letters  on  floor,  and  noticed  door  shut  and  key  outside.  Clothes  then 
seemed  to  remove  again  to  distance,  and  same  agreeable  atmosphere 
surrounded  me  once  more.  This  lasted  4  h.,  then  ideas  succeeded  less 
rapidly,  distances  diminished,  bedclothes  respectfully  approached  me, 
nervous  movement  disappeared,  and  all  resumed  natural  aspect,  save 
that  lips  were  loss  moist  than  usual.  (De  Luca,  Comptes  Rendus^  Oct. 
i3>  1862.) 

15.  Took  3J  to  feel  effects.  Was  disappointed  at  first,  thought  I 
had  taken  chocolate  only.  Wanted  to  write  letter  ;  could  not  begin  it. 
Parietal  bones  of  head  expanded  widely,  as  if  parting  at  sutures,  and 
again  collapsed  with  sort  of  shuffling  sound.  Thought  it  result  of 
fotigue.  "  I  will  go  to  bed,'^  I  said.  As  I  rose  from  table,  agreeable 
state  of  warmth  and  lightness  \  felt  as  if  I  had  taken  Scotch  whisky. 
Room  seemed  larger,  and  getting  larger  still  ;  skulls  of  animals  on  walls 
became  colossal,  and  I  took  them  for  monsters  of  Oolitic  period  ;  I 
thought  I  had  been  awestruck  for  years,  looking  at  them  paralysed, 
faculties  benumbed  except  faculty  of  wonder.  Saw  my  watch  hanging 
on  wall ;  it  dispelled  illusion.  Looked  at  it  calmly,  found  20  m.  since 
taking  haschisch.  Watch  immediately  expanded  vastly,  ticking  like 
pulsation  of  a  worid.  Now  I  knew  I  was  under  influence  of  drug,  and 
began  to  take  notes  in  pencil.  Suddenly  limbs  seemed  benumbed,  toes 
shrank  within  slippers,  fingers  became  like  long  legs  of  convulsed  spider  ; 
I  dropped  pencil  and  walked  to  window.  Landscape  so  sublime 
that  I  forgot  cause  of  illusion.  Horizon  infinitely  removed,  still  dis^ 
cernible  \  sunset  had  marked  it  out  with  myriads  of  fiery  circles  all 
revolving,  mingling  together,  expanding  and  then  changing  to  an  aurora, 
which  shot  up  to  the  zenith,  and  fell  down  in  sparks  and  splashes  among 
trees,  which  became  illuminated  ;  whole  scene  grand  with  fires  of  all 
colours.  Landscape  continued  to  expand.  Trees  shot  higher ;  their 
branches  overspread  sky,  met  together,  and  became  confused  mass ; 
lights  changed  to  general  purple  haze  ;  sense  of  twitching  in  every 
limb,  with  weariness  and  depression,  made  me  turn  and  sit  down. 
Twitching  changed  to  sharp  pricking,  most  in  extremities  \  thought  I 
was  poisoned  by  strychnine.  Opened  drawer  for  emetic,  but  drawer 
had  gone,  and  in  its  place  sat  one  of  my  antediluvian  monsters  grinning. 
For  six  weeks — I  then  thought — it  played  a  monotonous  tune,  while  I 
sat  on  ground  laughing  and  enjoying  idea  of  my  toes  and  fingers  being 
claws,  when  suddenly  thought  seized  me  that  I  would  destroy  illusion 
bv  effort.  I  dashed  at  monster  \  my  hand  fell  on  handle  of  drawer. 
Dream  was  dissolved,  I  could  understand  that  my  watch  ticking  and 
bird  singing  in  garden  were  sounds  I  had  heard  from  monster.     Looked 

46 


712 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


at  watch,  found  25  m,  had  elapsed  since  swalJowing,^-seemed  years. 
I  then  said  :  '*  25  min.,  2$  days,  2$  months,  25  years,  25  centuries, 
25  aeons.  Now  I  know  it  all  ;  I  have  discovered  in  dark  ages  elixir  of 
life  ;  I  shall  live  for  ever,*'  Elixir  seemed  to  whirl  round  me  like  wheel 
of  which  I  was  centre.  Wheel  became  brilliant  with  fiery  coruscations, 
by  degrees  centre  (where  I  was)  became  circumference,  and  I  was 
whirled  with  it,  my  head  opening  and  shutting,  could  feel  cold  air  on 
brain  ;  breath  got  shorter  and  more  difficult,  chest  falling  in  as  if 
crushed  by  weight,  stomach  gnawed  by  rats.  This  went  on  for  ages, 
yet  I  knew  where  I  was,  and  how  it  all  happened  ;  actually  ordered 
coffee,  though  illusion  did  not  cease,  nor  did  servant  who  answered  me 
notice  signs  of  aberration  ;  thought  coffee  would  relieve  oppression, 
which  was  fast  dispelling  illusion.  Tried  to  count  pulse  ;  throbs  were 
like  heaving  of  mountains  ;  as  I  counted  "  one,  two,  three,"  they 
became  *^one,  two,  three  centuries,"  and  I  shrieked  at  thought  of 
having  lived  from  all  eternity  and  of  going  to  live  to  all  eternity  in 
palace  of  coloured  stalactites,  supported  by  shafts  of  emerald,  resting  on 
sea  of  liquid  gold,  for  this  was  now  appearance  of  things  ^  gnawing  at 
stomach  suggested  that  I  should  be  starved  to  death  and  yet  live,  the 
deformed  wreck  of  a  deluded  man.  Servant  brought  coffee  in  huge 
tankard  chased  all  over  with  dragons  that  extended  all  round  the  world  ^ 
I  saw  its  odour  play  round  her  in  circles  of  light,  and  for  i  h*  she  stood 
smiling  and  hesitating  where  to  place  it,  because  table  was  covered  with 
papers.  I  calmly  removed  a  few  papers,  and  heaved  a  sigh  that  dissi- 
pated the  dragons,  made  odours  fall  in  shower  of  rain,  and  she  put  down 
tray  with  a  crash  that  made  every  bone  in  my  body  vibrate  as  if  struck 
by  1 0,000  hammers.  She  stood  aghast,  and  her  rosy  face  expanded  to 
size  of  balloon,  and  away  she  went  like  lightning,  and  I  stood  applaud- 
ing in  midst  of  1000  lamps,  which  I  noted  were  all  glow-worms,  which 
I  could  touch,  and  they  communicated  to  my  fingers  phosphorescent 
sparks,  as  if  rubbed  with  matches.  (A  few  days  before  I  had  found 
glow-worms  in  garden,  and  on  handling  them  found  my  fingers  tipped 
with  dull,  phosphoric  glow.  This  probably  gave  rise  to  illusion.  In 
fact^  I  afterwards  traced  many  of  my  sensations  to  previous  events  ;  I 
almost  believe  illusions  to  be  result  of  ahmrma I  memory,)  I  knew  this 
was  unreal  i  drank  coffee  with  composure,  though  difficult  to  pour  it 
out  without  spilling  j  cup  came  to  my  lips  as  if  it  were  rim  of  cauldron 
seething  with  stew  of  spices  and  nepenthe,  and  amid  steam  I  could  see 
into  bram  of  Jacob  Boehmen  (whom  I  had  read)  as  he  now  seemed 
looking  into  mine.  Coffee  caused  sensations  of  insupportable  heat. 
Gnawing  sensation  in  stomach  and  contraction  of  chest  gave  way  to 
sense  of  pricking,  most  violent  in  fingers  and  toes,  and  yet,  though  pain* 
ful,  pleasant.  Though  I  could  see  that  40  m.  had  elapsed  since  taking 
drug,  yet  I  had  secret  persuasion  it  was  at  least  40  centuries.  Only 
one  effect  now  remained, — sense  of  warmth  of  whole  body  and  tendency 
of  head  to  expand  and  fill  room.  Arms  dropped  i  painful  effort  to 
keep  them  up.  Went  to  bed.  Could  get  there  with  difficulty,  though 
legs  very  long^  felt  they  would  be  presently  cramped,  so  that  [  should 
cry  out.  On  undressing,  clothes  flew  away  into  space,  and  became 
stars,  buttons  on  vest  glittered  like  Orion,  but  more  vast  and  splendid. 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  723 

Did  not  dare  look  out  of  window  ;  tried  to  control  myself^  for  I  began 
to  feel  sense  of  dread.  As  I  got  into  bed,  bed  extended  ;  as  I  lay  down, 
I  extended,  and,  on  shutting  eyes,  I  covered  whole  earth.  Sense  of 
indescribable  pain  all  over  ;  skin  seemed  to  move  to  and  fro  upon  flesh, 
head  swelled  to  awful  size,  and  I  parted  in  two  from  head  to  foot ; 
became  two  persons,  each  throbbing,  breathing  hard,  sighing  loudly, 
and  lost  in  a  commixture  of  ethereal  yet  agonizing  colours  and  sounds. 
These  seemed  to  continue  for  ages ;  but  I  was  really  asleep,  and  I 
never  could  call  to  mind  at  what  time  I  went  to  bed,  or  at  what  point 
of  illusion  sleep  came  upon  me,  but  I  always  supposed  it  to  be  when  I 
felt  mjrself  parted  in  twain  and  immersed  in  light  and  music.  Next  d. 
was  awake  early,  seemingly  unrefreshed.  I  lay  some  hours  pondering 
on  strange  effects  drug  had  produced,  and  found  it  difficult  for  some  time 
to  prevent  intrusion  of  some  broken  fragments  of  visions  from  taking 
possession  of  me ;  after  breakfast,  felt  as  well  as  usual.  (Shirley 
HiBBERD^  Intellectual  Observer^  ii,  435.) 

16.  I  had  taken  on  different  occasions  gr.  1  to  3  of  the  extract, 
without  any  noticeable  effect,  and  after  repeating  it  several  times  increased 
the  dose  to  5  gr.,  from  a  new  lot  which  we  had  just  received.  I  took 
the  dose  after  dinner,  about  2  p.m.,  and  as  I  had  foiled  so  often  in 
obtaining;  its  medicinal  action  in  the  least,  I  commenced  my  usual  work 
in  the  laboratory,  thinking  no  more  about  it,  till  \  h.  after,  when  I  was 
suddenly  reminded  of  it  by  a  peculiar  feeling  I  experienced  that  could 
be  compared  to  a  warm  stream  of  water  which  gradually  stole  up  my 
back  and  made  its  way  to  the  brain.  At  the  same  time  I  had  very  dry 
mouth  and  fauces,  so  that  I  could  hardly  swallow  or  speak ;  intense 
and  rapid  beating  of  the  heart,  and  widely-dilated  pupils ;  my  pulse 
was  150  to  160  per  m.;  I  did  not  feel  sick,  but  more  as  if  under  the 
eflFects  of  an  intoxicating  drink.  By  this  time  I  felt  a  burning  sensation 
in  the  throat,  and  mentioned  it  to  my  colleague,  Mr.  Dohme,  who 
recommended  me  to  uke  several  drachms  of  birtartrate  of  potassa  with 
water,  which  did  me  considerable  service.  I  now  felt  in  the  highest 
degree  nervous  ;  my  legs  were  hardly  able  to  support  my  body,  and  I 
had  a  strong  inclination  to  sleep,  and  therefore  hurried  to  my  bed, 
which  I  entered  without  undressing.  I  now  began  to  feel  the  charac- 
teristic effects  of  the  haschisch.  I  was  not  able  to  go  to  sleep,  yet 
under  a  peculiar  nervous  action  of  the  brain  and  senses  ;  my  mind 
wandered  from  one  subject  to  another,  and,  strange  to  say,  with  my  open 
eyes  I  dreamed  (I  must  call  it  so),  for  I  saw,  heard,  and  noticed  every- 
thing around  me,  but  the  mind  wandered  rapidly  from  one  subject  to 
another,  only  remaining  for  a  moment  or  two  on  the  same  thing,  then 
passed  to  another,  and  tales  of  youth  again  charmed  my  existence ; 
pictures  and  scenes  long  since  forgotten  were  again  for  an  instant  as 
plain  as  if  seen  only  a  day  before.  These  dreams  of  imagination  lasted 
about  an  hour,  and  then  changed  to  a  slight  headache,  which  I  felt  till 
late  in  the  night.  I  now  got  up  to  finish  some  preparation  I  had  com- 
menced in  the  morning,  but  found  myself  too  weak  and  nervous,  and 
had  to  leave  the  laboratory.  At  6  I  took  supper,  and  had  an  excel- 
lent appetite,  but  my  mouth  was  still  very  dry.    At  11  o'clock  I  went 


7U 


CANNABIS   INDICA. 


to  bed,  slept  very  quietly  without  dreams,  and  awaked  in  the  morning 
as  well  as  usual.     (Carl  Bower,  Amer.  Obs.y  May,  1864). 

17,  On  August  5th,  1S76,  at  6.58  p.m.,  I  took  0-6  of  a  gramme  of 
Egyptian  haschisch,  and  ^  h.  after  0*4  of  a  gramme  in  addition.  Before 
taking,  pulse  72,  at  7.10  pulse  80.  First  sensation,  pendulum-like 
oscillations  in  the  head.  7,20,  pulse  84  \  a  feeling  of  flow  of  blood 
towards  the  upper  part  of  head,  and  a  strange  sensation  of  contraction, 
and  a  kind  of  collapse  within  myself;  the  pendulum-like  oscillations  in 
the  head  increasing.  7.40,  an  irresistible  inclination  to  laugh  ;  loud 
laughter  without  any  particular  cause,  tendency  to  rapid  movements  ; 
pulse  84*  I  took  several  quick  turns  up  and  down  the  room,  and  then 
sat  down.  7-55,  a  feeling  of  heat  and  pricking  in  the  head,  sensation 
of  coldness  and  numbness  in  the  extremities,  which  are  cold  to  the 
touch,  and  an  indefinite  feeling  of  melancholy  and  uneasiness  ;  occa* 
sional  starts  without  any  visible  cause,  like  those  of  electric  shocks  j 
pulse  96.  Playing  on  the  piano,  performed  by  one  of  those  present, 
produced  a  magical  effect  j  it  seemed  as  if  the  sounds  were  wafted  from 
a  great  distance,  that  every  sound  had  its  peculiar  life,  a  special  fulness 
and  expressiveness ;  the  sounds  seemed  to  come  with  fearful  rapidity 
from  an  endless  distance  and  to  be  reflected  immediately  \n  the  car — 
in  a  word,  an  ordinary  performance  seemed  equal  to  that  of  some 
eminent  pianist,  and  I  thought  myself  a  profound  connoisseur,  calmly 
enjoying  the  playing  of  some  distinguished  musician.  8.10,  pulse  104, 
full  \  sensation  of  heat  in  the  head  and  pricking  in  the  temples  increased. 
I  seemed  to  hear  a  loud  noise,  like  that  of  a  waterfall ;  suddenly  the 
nature  of  the  noise  changed,  and  it  seemed  to  proceed  from  a  number 
of  vehicles  driving  in  a  street  ;  then  again  the  noise  became  like  what 
is  heard  at  the  close  of  a  performance  in  a  theatre,  the  rumbling  of 
vehicles,  shouts  of  men — all  combining  in  one  general  roar  ;  these 
sounds  suddenly  disappeared,  and  gave  place  to  the  booming  of  cannon, 
and  reports  of  guns  at  a  manceuvre.  I  cut  these  sensations  short  by 
the  force  of  my  will,  and  took  a  quick  turn  in  the  room.  I  felt  a 
violent  thirst.  After  drinking  a  glass  of  water  I  sat  down  on  the  sofa, 
and  closed  my  eyes  at  H.jo,  Scarcely  had  I  done  so  when  I  felt  a 
remarkable  buoyancy  and  flexibility  in  all  my  body  ;  before  my  ^yts 
appeared  a  whole  series  of  variously  tinted  luminous  figures,  rapidly 
vanishing,  their  shapes  being  in  the  highest  degree  undefined  ;  then 
appeared  a  row  of  more  or  less  well-defined  shapes.  The  most  varied 
and  most  luxurious  pictures  of  nature  ever  seen  by  me  in  reality  or  in 
drawings,  transported  me  into  a  magical  worlds  I  thought  I  was  in 
some  virgin  forests  of  South  America,  then  in  some  cities  of  Switzer- 
land^ then  amidst  the  ocean,  and  again  amidst  heaps  of  ice  and  snow, 
&c.  An  entire  series  of  reminiscences  of  childhood,  the  faces  of  friends 
and  acquaintances,  and  the  faces  (known  to  me  by  portraits)  of  authors, 
savants,  poets,  politicians,  &c», — all  these  became  blended  in  my  head, 
presenting  a  kind  of  phantasmagoria  and  the  most  variegated  picture. 
All  these  sensations  passed  rapidly  and  distinctly  before  me,  and  I  felt 
so  enraptured  that  I  begged  to  be  allowed  to  plunge  into  this  fantastic 
world,  and  to  leave  oflFdictating  my  feelings.  This  state  lasted  till 
9.20.     During  this  time  those  who  were  present  observed  that  my  face 


CANNABIS   INDICA.  725 

was  hot,  red,  and  moist;  pulse  108.  On  my  recovery  I  got  up  with 
the  intention  of  walking  across  the  room,  but  noticed  that  my  gait  was 
unsteady,  and  that  I  was  swerving  to  the  left  and  that  the  upper  and 
lower  extremities  of  my  left  side  were  benumbed.  I  drank  a  little 
water  and  wine.  At  9.45  I  experienced  sharp  and  occasionally  shooting 
pains  in  the  loins  and  in  the  region  of  the  kidneys.  These  pains,  as 
well  as  a  feeling  of  nausea,  made  my  state  very  uncomfortable.  I 
endeavoured  to  induce  vomiting  by  tickling  the  root  of  my  tongue,  but 
did  not  succeed.  It  was  nearly  midnight  when  I  sat  down  to  supper 
and  ate  with  a  great  appetite.  At  i  a.m.  I  went  to  bed,  and  my  first 
sensation  was  that  I  was  flying  from  an  enormous  rock  into  a  fearful 
and  dark  abyss.  I  fell  asleep  at  once  and  slept  very  soundly.  It  was 
11.30  a.m.  when  I  awoke  with  a  feeling  of  heaviness  in  the  head,  with 
full  remembrance  of  the  previous  day,  and  a  sensation  of  emptiness  and 
incapacity  for  thought.  Whatever  I  did  appeared  endlessly  long  ;  my 
words,  and  the  conversation  of  others,  seemed  too  prolonged,  whereas 
in  reality  it  appeared  that  I  spoke  as  usual.  I  went  out  into  the  street 
to  take  an  airing,  but  the  further  I  went  the  more  it  seemed  to  me  that 
I  was  walking  a  very  long  time,  and  that  the  houses  and  people  were 
all  flying  away  from  me.  Making  an  effort  over  myself,  I  took  the  first 
vehicle,  and  drove  back  home.  On  my  arrival  I  at  once  lay  down, 
and  slept  till  evening.  On  awaking  I  felt  much  better.  The  urine 
which  I  had  collected  during  the  experiment  had  a  peculiar  odour, 
somewhat  like  that  of  cannabis  indica.  During  the  d.,  according  to 
my  own  observation  and  that  of  others,  my  face  was  exceedingly  pale, 
the  pupils  dilated,  the  expression  that  of  great  illness.  It  was  onlv  on 
the  next  d.  that  I  was  able  to  take  to  my  ordinary  occupations. 
(Maximovitch,  Horn.  World.^  May,  1877). 

18.  The  following  proving  was  made  by  a  young  friend  of  mine, 
a  gentleman  of  good  mind  and  considerable  reading  ;  of  excellent  moral 
character  and  worthy  of  the  most  implicit  confidence. 

a.  Having  taken  15  gr.  of  an  American  extract  without  effect,  a 
week  later  he  took,  at  8  a.m.,  3  gr.  of  an  English  one,  expecting  it  to 
operate  about  noon.  Nothing  happening,  he  concluded  that  he  had 
taken  too  small  a  dose,  when  about  4.30,  while  playing  guitar  amongst 
his  fiimiiy,  ^^one  of  the  tunes,  a  rather  solemn  one,  seemed  suddenly  to 
assume  a  more  melodious  character^  gradually  increasing  in  grandeur 
bar  after  bar,  till  I  was  wholly  absorbed  with  it.  The  words  died  away 
and  I  still  went  on  with  the  accompaniment ;  my  mind  carried  the  air 
and  all  surrounding  objects  feded  ;  I  lived  wholly  in  the  music,  and  a 
deep  subdued  joyous  teeling,  such  as  I  never  before  felt^  pervaded  my 
whole  being.  At  last  I  came  to  myself  somewhat  and  turned  to  the 
others,  remarking  that  it  was  beautiful  and  askine  if  they  did  not  think 
so.  They  were  surprised  at  the  question  and  said  the  air  possessed  but 
little  merit.  At  this  moment  a  strange  crawling  sensation  commenced 
in  my  body,  extending  to  my  limbs,  down  my  arms  into  my  fingers' 
ends,  and  up  into  my  brain^  travelling  slowly,  but  so  powerful  that  I 
was  wholly  overcome  with  surprise/'  These  thrills  followed  more 
rapidly  and  became  more  intense,  especially  when  he  moved  to  leave 
room.     In   going  downstairs  to  put  away  guitar  mind  wandered  and 


726 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


had  to  be  forcibly  recalled,  making  time  seem  long ;  in  going  upstairs 
to  his  room  he  seemed  not  to  touch  steps,  treading  air  as  a  swimmer 
treads  water.  Thrills  were  now  continuous,  commencing  of  caoh  being 
only  known  by  an  increase  in  force  ;  heart  and  arteries  began  to  throb 
violently,  and  blood  to  rush  to  head,  so  that  he  feared  apoplexy. 
*'  The  uncertain  aspect  of  things ''  (which  he  had  already  experienced) 
'^  now  increased,  with  the  whole  force  of  my  reason  seemingly  unim- 
paired. 1  could  not  convince  myself  that  the  furniture  in  the  room 
had  any  other  than  an  ideal  existence.  This  feeling  was  so  oppressive 
that  I  determined  to  seek  the  rest  of  the  family*  But  how  could  I 
reach  them  ?  I  was  in  another  sphere  j  I  had  journeyed  to  a  world 
whose  objects  I  could  not  realize,  an  uncertain  world  whose  paths  I  did 
not  know.  An  atmosphere  surrounded  my  little  world  through  which 
I  could  not  pass  i  to  break  through  the  open  doorway  seemed  as 
impossible  as  to  wing  my  way  through  the  ethereal  regions  to  the  throne 
above.  This  was  my  station  ;  here  I  must  remain*  A  feeling  of 
loneliness  now  overwhelmed  me.  I  must  seek  the  rest  of  the  family. 
I  hurled  my  body  through  the  seemingly  impenetrable  though  invisible 
barrier.  On,  on  I  went,  pushing  my  way  through  a  resistant  atmo- 
sphere or  surrounding — an  adherent  fluid  it  seemed  to  be,  not  dense  as 
water  nor  rare  as  air,  yet  it  resisted,  and  I  by  force  of  will  overcame  it 
step  by  step,  I  noticed  here  the  two  parts  of  my  being  acting  separately  | 
my  will  was  separate  from  my  body,  spurring  it  onward,  pushing  it 
forward,  and  using  it  much  as  an  artificer  uses  a  tool,  seeming  to  exult 
in  its  supremacy  and  glad  of  its  partial  disenthralment/' 

if.  He  now  returned  to  the  sitting-room,  finding  his  family  there, 
who  assumed  the  same  unreal  aspect.  When  he  spoke  his  voice  seemed 
someone  else's.  He  found  he  had  been  absent  only  5  m.,  though  it 
seemed  to  him  as  many  h.  Was  told  he  looked  pale,  eyes  half  closed 
and  dull,  hands  cold  and  clammy.  He  felt  as  if  resinous  matter  exuded 
from  every  pore,  lining  mouth  and  throat  and  creating  a  great  thirst. 
Drinking  a  glass  of  water,  it  seemed  to  run  down  throat  by  its  own 
gravity  and  without  touching  either  side.  His  thoughts  were  occupied 
with  speculations  as  to  the  action  of  the  drug  (which  he  mentioned  he 
had  taken)  and  were  now  and  then  half  involuntarily  expressed,  not 
always  with  seemliness.  At  last,  family  becoming  anxious,  a  mixture  of 
ether  and  camphor  was  given  him.  After  its  stimulation  had  passed  off 
it  left  him  extremely  melancholy,  which  increased  as  day  grew  dark, 
but  suddenly  cleared  away  on  going  into  lighted  supper-room,  where 
the  lustre  seemed  to  fill  his  whole  soul.  Thrills  went  off  after  meal 
while  playing  piano,  but  recurred  for  a  fortnight  on  taking  hot  stimu- 
lants.    (Gardiner,  yfmer,  Horn.  Rru,^  iii,  41 1.) 

€,  In  a  later  communication  this  prover  (Dr.  W.  A,  D.  Pierce)  tells 
his  own  story  much  as  above,  but  continues  as  follows  t— "The  thrills 
left  me  suddenly,  when  in  the  middle  of  a  tune,  the  last  part  of  which 
•cemed  so  flat  that  I  was  obliged  to  stop  playing.  My  friends  told  me 
that  I  had  been  playing  with  more  pathos  than  usual.  For  two  or 
three  weeks  after  this  I  felt  once  in  a  while,  just  as  I  fell  asleep,  a  regular 
haschisch  thrill,  which  would  make  me  almost  fear  to  wake,  lest  I  should 
have  a  succession  of  them.     For  several  months,  in  fact,  for  nearly  a  year 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  yi; 

afterwards,  I  was  troubled  with  a  crisping  sensation  in  the  brain,  just  as 
I  fell  asleep  or  awoke  from  sleep  i  not  every  n.,  but  probably  once  a  week. 
My  mind  was  capable  of  a  greater  effort  for  a  while  afterwards.  During 
the  succeeding  week,  I  read  a  work  on  psychology  of  over  700  pages, 
and  could  for  a  long  while  refer  to  any  part  of  it  without  my  notes. 
This  I  could  not  have  done  before  nor  since.  During  the  summer  of 
1866, 1  took  some  pellets  saturated  with  the  30th  cent,  potency  of  C. 
indica,  and  in  about  an  h.  had  a  real  haschisch  thrill,  so  violent  that  I  took 
hdd  of  a  counter  to  prevent  myself  from  reeling,  experiencing  the  same 
want  of  confidence  in  myself  and  anxious  terror  I  had  felt  on  taking 
the  larger  dose.  Had  a  metallic  taste  on  my  tongue,  and  a  slight 
exudation  of  resinous  saliva,  or  rather  mucus,  from  my  tongue.  These 
symptoms  lasted  but  an  instant.  Sept.  8th,  1866. — Took  i  gr.  of  the 
resin  and  procured  following  symptoms  during  following  two  d., — 
Itching  in  &ce,  shoulder,  abdomen,  and  feet,  relieved  by  scratching. 
Frequent  drowsiness.  Drowsiness,  with  cold  feeling  of  back  of 
head  and  neck^  as  though  air  blew  thereon.  Fulness  and  heaviness  in 
forehead,  with  pressure  at  root  of  nose  and  over  eyes ;  headache  over  1. 
eye ;  dull  hard  pain  in  top  of  head  ;  pain  in  back  of  head  1.  side. 
Seething  or  crisping  of  blood  through  brain,  quick,  like  a  flash  of  sheet 
lightning.  Sensation  as  though  muscles  of  face  were  drawn  tightly 
around  jaw.  Drawings  in  muscles  of  mastication  ;  stinging  in  r.  side 
of  face  as  though  stuck  with  pins  i  leaves  on  scratching,  but  comes  again 
immediately  on  another  part  of  body.  Slight  pain  at  back  of  eyeball. 
Pain  and  singing  in  1.  ear.  Itching  of  nose  continually.  Pain  in 
lower  molar  teeth  r.  side.  Increased  flow  of  thick,  tasteless  saliva. 
Slight  but  continual  eructations  of  wind,  tasteless.  Pain  in  pit  of 
stomach ;  nervous  grumbling  sensation  in  stomach,  coming  on  every 
few  moments,  and  extending  up  into  thorax.  Disagreeable  flatulent 
rumbling  in  the  bowels  at  n.  when  lying  down.  No  desire  to  urinate 
(ist  d.).  Continual  desire  to  urinate  (2nd  d.}.  Cold  feeling  in  small 
of  back  and  between  shoulders.  Sensation  as  though  a  red-hot  iron  rod 
was  passed  from  sacrum  up  spine  to  the  atlas,  around  occiput,  over  eyes 
from  r.  side  stopping  at  1.  ear,  leaving  a  feeling  as  if  charred,  takmg 
6  h.  to  perform  the  passage.  Pain  in  front  of  arm  and  back  of 
elbow.  Itching  of  sole  of  foot;  pain  and  itching  in  1.  leg  just  above 
knee.  Nervous,  restless  feeling  over  whole  body.  Feeling  of  warmth 
over  front  of  body  and  arms ;  sweat  on  front  of  limbs,  and  moist 
feeling  of  wh<Je  body,  especially  front;  moist  warmth  of  palms  of 
hands. 

d.  Dec.  2nd,  1868,  11  o'clock  a.m.  Took  2  gr.  Squire's  extract  of 
C.  indica.  Shortly  after,  cold  feeling  in  stomach,  very  disagreeable, 
as  though  I  had  drunk  cold  water.  From  1  to  2  p.m.,  frequent  empty 
eructations  of  wind  flavoured  with  C.  10  p.m.,  sharp  pain  in  r.  side  of 
head,  running  from  inner  canthus  of  eye  up  back  and  out.  Pain  from 
bottom  of  orbit  through  brain  and  in  ear.  All  afternoon  had  headache, 
pressing  outwards  over  eye.  Viscid  mucus  on  tongue  over  whole  upper 
sur&ce.  Toneue  and  throat  has  a  dry  feeling,  but  no  particular  desire 
for  water.  Aching  pain  in  leg,  near  1.  external  malleolus,  while  lying  on 
back,  not  when  lying  on  side.    4th,  9  a.m.,  an  icy  coldness  across 


7a8 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


root  of  nose^  comes  on  when  leaning  forwards  writing,  goes  away  when 
moving  about.     1 1  a.m,i>  boring  pain  in  r,  parietal  protuberance. 

f.  Jan.  13th,  1869,  6  a.m.— Took  3  gr.  of  same.  Immediately  on 
lying  down  again  disagreeable  rumbling  in  abdomen,  as  though  looseness 
was  coming  on.  Singing  in  1.  car.  bringing  pain  in  1.  ear.  Boring 
pain  in  r,  ear.  Boring  pain  in  r.  lower  molar  teeth,  better  from  pressure, 
worst  from  grinding  them  together.  Bone  pain  in  metatarso-phalangcal 
joint  of  r.  foot.  Cold  burning  (as  from  turpentine)  in  vermilion 
border  of  lip  and  point  of  nose,  1.  side.  Heavy  frontal  headache,  in  braiDi 
more  to  1.  side.  Warm  tingling  sensation  over  whole  1.  side  of  face. 
Cool  burning  stinging  in  inner  corner  and  canthus  of  1.  eye  and  adjacent 
side  of  nose.  9  a.m.,  boring  pain  immediatclv  above  and  back  of  r.  ear. 
Dull  pain  in  r.  lower  molar  teeth.  Stinging  burning,  as  of  a  blister,  on 
back  part  of  tongue,  r.  side,  at  anterior  pillar  of  fauces*  Dry,  feverish 
feeling  of  L  nostril.  10  a.m.,  pain  in  r.  upper  jaw,  at  root  of  first  molar 
tooth.  3  p.m.,  a  well-marked  burning  line  from  lip  to  chin,  straight  down 
L  side,  as  though  it  were  a  cicatrix.  14th. — Was  wakeful  all  n.  ;  mild 
pleasant  dreams  ;  cat  naps.  6  a.m.,  before  rising,  considerable  collec- 
tion of  thick  mucus  on  tongue  ;  tongue  feels  dry,  as  if  scalded.  4  p.m., 
pain  very  severe  in  outer  edge  of  trapezius  muscle.  (Am,  yourn,  of 
Horn.  Mat,  Med,^  N.S,,  j,  n.) 

J  9.  About  3  p.m.  I  ate  3  or  4  dried  buds  of  "  gunjah,"  each  being 
the  size  of  a  small  nut.  About  6  p.m»  I  felt  a  most  unusual  thrilling 
sensation  passing  through  arms  and  chest,  reminding  me  of  the  effects 
of  a  very  weak  induction  current.  The  thrill  gradually  extended  itself 
till  it  became  general  \  in  fact,  the  usual  symptoms  of  hemp  intoxication 
had  begun.  I  was  immediately  seized  with  an  irresistible  desire  to  be 
alone,  and  left  my  friends  on  some  excuse,  and  went  out  of  doors. 
After  the  first  few  breaths  of  fresh  air,  the  tingling  sensation  increased 
most  pleasantly,  and  I  walked  at  the  rate  of  5  miles  an  h,,  for  I  felt 
that  I  must  walk.  When  I  had  walked  200  yards,  all  feeling  of  touch 
seemed  to  have  disappeared.  \  felt  as  if  my  body  was  composed  of 
some  immaterial  essence,  through  which  the  blood,  which  seemed  to  be 
a  shade  less  immaterial  than  the  rest  of  the  frame,  was  coursing  rapidly. 
It  seemed  to  me  as  if  my  veins,  arteries,  and  blood  had  been  suddenly 
endowed  with  feeling.  Sometimes  I  fancied  I  could  almost  hear  this 
extremely  pleasant  tingling  of  every  fibre  of  the  body.  When  I  reached 
the  park  I  sat  down  to  enjoy  my  pleasurable  sensations.  The  sense  of 
touch  had  already  disappeared  or,  rather,  become  modified.  I  touched 
nothing,  felt  nothing  ;  1  accidentally  struck  my  hand  violently  against  a 
post,  but  though  the  blow  left  a  large  bruise  behind  it  1  did  not  feel 
it  i  all  I  knew  was  that  my  hand  had  been  stopped  in  its  movements  on 
something*  About  this  time  my  sense  of  time  and  distance  left  me.  I 
seemed  to  have  lived  centuries  since  I  left  my  friends.  How  long  I 
really  sat  enjoying  myself  I  know  not,  but  it  at  last  occurred  to  mc 
that  I  had  better  take  the  train  home,  I  rose  from  the  seat,  and 
instantly  found  myself  in  a  chemist's  shop  at  the  further  end  of  a  street 
asking  for  lemonade.  The  chemist  left  the  shop  to  get  it,  and  after  he 
had  apparently  stopped  away  about  ten  h.,  I  rushed  out  of  the  shop, 
cujsing  his  dilatoriness,  for  1  was  very  thirsty.     I  sped  along  the  street 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  7^9 

at  a  furious  pace,  threading  my  way  in  and  out  the  crowd  most  cleverly. 
All  this  time  the  thrilling  sensation  continued  to  increase,  and  every- 
thing I  looked  at  seemed  to  glisten  before  my  eyes.  Presently  it  again 
occurred  to  me  that  I  was  thirsty,  and  I  turned  into  a  confectioner's, 
and  asked  for  some  tea.  I  had  at  first  intended  taking  claret  and  water, 
but  I  thought  the  alcohol  might  interfere  with  the  experiment.  I  sat 
down  on  nothing,  laid  my  arm  on  a  marble  table  made  of  nothing,  and 
my  feet  touched  nothing  as  they  rested  on  the  floor ;  everything  was 
etherealised.  My  pulse  was  not  quickened,  and  the  thrilling  seemed  to 
keep  time  with  it.  I  was  pretty  warm,  owing  doubtless  to  my  violent 
exercise.  My  brain  was  perfectly  clear^  and  I  debated  with  myself  a 
long  time  whether  I  should  take  the  tea  that  was  brought  to  me  or  not, 
not  knowing  what  a  disturbing  effect  it  might  have  on  the  hemp.  I 
argued,  however,  that  all  it  would  do  would  be  to  decrease  the  violence 
of  my  symptoms,  which  were  increasing  in  strength  every  moment.  In 
order  to  see  how  far  my  brain  had  been  affected,  I  took  up  a  paper,  and 
found  that  by  a  very  slight  effort  I  could  cease  uking  cognisance  of 
the  thrills^  and  read  and  understand  what  I  read  with  perfect  ease, 
though  the  letters  glistened  every  now  and  then  with  great  brilliancy. 
I  could  also  write  with  perfect  steadiness.  I  tried  numerous  experi- 
ments with  my  memory  and  will,  and  found  them  both  obedient ;  the 
latter,  however,  was  exceedingly  skittish.  My  hearing,  smell  and 
taste  were  unaffected,  except  that  near  sounds  seemed  to  come  from  an 
enormous  distance.  After  leaving  the  shop,  my  sensations,  though 
perfectly  pleasurable,  became  somewhat  alarming.  What  if  I  had  taken 
too  much  !  What  if  I  should  die  !  Prudence  dictated  an  antidote, 
but  I  did  not  know  of  one.  Who  did  ?  Running  through  the  list  of 
my  medical  friends,  it  struck  me  that  Dr.  Lanicester  (the  coroner) 
would  be  the  best  person  for  me  to  go  to  ;  so  I  set  off  to  his  house  at  a 
furious  pace,  longing  to  be  able  to  tell  everybody  I  met  that  I  was  in 
an  Indian  hemp  paradise.  Had  I  been  alone,  I  know  I  should  have 
hurrahed  or  laughed  boisterously,  but  I  managed  to  restrain  myself. 
When  I  neared  his  house,  a  most  absurd  thought  entered  my  head. 
What  if  I  died  in  Dr.  L^  's  presence  !  How  in  the  name  of  all  that  was 
ridiculous  could  he^as  coroner,  possibly  summon  himself  before  himself, 
and  listen  to  his  own  evidence  as  to  tne  cause  of  my  death  ?  This  was 
a  little  too  much  for  me^  and  I  laughed  loudly  and  wildly  till  the  tears 
ran  down  my  face.  When  I  recovered  from  my  fit  of  laughter  I  gave 
up  all  ideas  of  antidotes.  A  wonderful  change  had  taken  place,  the 
thrilling  had  diminished,  and  my  brain  had  actually  split  into  two  halves, 
one  of  which  was  perfectly  sane  and  the  other  in  possession  of  the 
demon  of  hemp.  I  once  more  started  for  the  train,  my  mad  self  think- 
ing the  most  ridiculous  thoughts,  and  continually  urging  my  sane  self 
to  commit  absurdities.  I  had  an  almost  irresistible  impulse  to  pull 
young  ladies'  hair,  to  shriek  in  old  gentlemen's  ears^  or  to  bonnet  young 
ones,  all  in  the  purest  good  nature.  After  battling  in  this  way  for 
about  2  or  3  h.  I  at  last  found  myself  sitting  quietly,  my  mad  half 
thinking  endless  absurdities  and  my  sane  half  quietly  enjoying  the  fun. 
The  gentle  throbbing  still  continued,  and  appeared  more  audible  than 
ever,  and  there  was  a  slight  oppression  of  the  chest  that  found  vent  in 


730 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


a  heavy  sigh  now  and  then.  The  oppression  manifested  itself  rather 
by  a  feeling  of  warmth  in  the  locality  of  the  diaphragm  than  by  any 
positive  pressure.  The  clock  struck  7  p.m,  and  my  train  left  at 
7,30  p.m.,  so  I  stepped  at  once  from  where  I  was  into  the  station, 
which  was  really  some  distance  off.  This  was  the  second  occasion 
upon  which  time  and  space  had  become  annihilated^  and  on  both  I  had 
felt  the  need  of  extreme  haste.  At  the  station  I  met  a  friend^  and  wc 
stood  conversing  at  the  carriage  door  for  at  least  10  m.  My  mad  self 
was  put  down  for  the  time,  and  my  sane  self  exerted  all  his  power. 
My  friend  noticed  nothing  strange  in  me.  I  found  that  I  could  read, 
think,  and  speak  with  perfect  ease,  in  spite  of  the  gambols  of  my  madder 
half,  and  of  the  audible  thrilling,  the  warm  diaphragm,  and  the  pleasant 
weight  on  my  chest.  My  ride  home  in  the  train  was  most  enjoyable  ; 
the  rattling  of  the  carriages  and  the  puffs  of  steam  from  the  engine 
seemed  to  keep  time  with  the  throbbings  of  an  immense  soft  ball  of 
ethercalised  velvet  inside  my  chest,  the  pleasant  thrilling  of  my  whole 
body  still  keeping  up,  but  somewhat  more  feebly.  The  mad  fellow  at 
my  side  was  particularly  ridiculous  and  entertaining.  Towards  the  end 
of  my  journey  he  became  very  confused^  and  would  only  half  think  his 
absurdities,  breaking  off  in  the  middle  in  a  very  tantalising  manner. 
Then  came  a  period  when  he  would  think  his  thoughts  over  and  over 
again,  when  he  was  in  fact  afflicted  with  a  fit  of  mental  stammering, 
I  remember  that  it  occurred  to  the  sane  man  that  the  mad  one  had 
suddenly  turned  into  a  mental  Dundreary.  Then  it  struck  one  of  us — 
I  do  not  well  know  which — that  Sothern  must  have  thought  out  his 
great  character  under  the  influence  of  hascbisch.  All  this  time  I  felt  no 
pain  or  inconvenience.  I  had  a  mad  fellow  sitting  by  my  side  who 
amused  me  infinitely.  My  brain^  so  to  speakj  was  polarised,  and  my 
veins  ran  with  perceptible  blood,  both  veins  and  blood  being  as  ethereal 
and  incorporeal  as  a  halo.  When  I  arrived  home  I  was  still  enjoying 
my  sensations,  and  had  them  more  than  ever  under  my  control*  I 
met  my  wife  coming  down  the  road  with  a  scared  (ace,  and  the  thought 
instantly  struck  me  that  she  knew  all.  Could  my  friend  who  gave  me 
the  drug  have  telegraphed  to  her  ?  While  I  was  asserting  my  supe- 
riority over  my  mad  companion  she  said,  ^'I  have  had  such  a  fright. 
What  do  you  think  Willie  has  been  eating?"  '*Good  heaven  I*' I 
cried,  utterly  thrown  off  my  balance,  "  What  I  Not  haschisch  V* 
**  No,  only  blacklcad,^*  was  the  reply.  This  was  the  only  time  that  I 
lost  control  over  myself.  My  abnormal  feelings  gradually  left  me  ;  my 
blood  became  silent  again  and  my  veins  sensation  less ;  the  weight 
gradually  left  my  chest,  and  the  two  halves  of  my  brain  coalesced.  The 
rest  of  the  c.  I  spent  in  perfect  calm  both  of  body  and  mind.  I  felt  no 
other  effects  save  the  pleasurable  feeling  that  one  experiences  after  a 
very  pleasant  dream.     [Chartist  and  Druggist,  xi,  34.) 

20.  to  gr.  of  haschish — it  was  an  extract  obtained  from  Hcring,  of 
London — were  taken  at  4  p.m.  By  5  an  indescribably  ** queer'' 
feeling  prevaded  the  whole  body,  and  the  experimenter  started  at  once 
for  his  hotel.  While  going  along  a  plank  walk — just  one  board  wide 
— every  now  and  then,  and  suddenly,  the  r.  leg  would  shoot  to  the  I.^ 
mi»0ing  the  plank*     After  obierving  this  mut^cular  freak  a  few  times, 


CANNABIS   INDICA.  731 

the  attention  was  centred  upon  locomotion,  with  a  view  of  preventing 
a  repetition  of  the  erratic  mis-step.  Out  shot  the  leg  again  and  again, 
defying  volition,  and  invariably  going  over  to  the  1.  On  reaching  the 
hotel,  the  friend  who  had  supplied  the  haschisch  was  sitting  on  the 
piazza  with  three  companions,  all  of  whom  were  known  to  the  experi- 
menter. An  ordinal y  conversation  was  going  on,  to  which  we 
listened,  and  soon  found  ourself  filled  with  surprise  that  we  should  have 
known  the  parties  talking  for  so  long  a  time,  and  never  before  have 
perceived  how  very  witty  they  were.  The  desire  to  laugh  at  every 
remark  made  because  it  was  so  funny  was  repressed  only  because  none 
of  the  others  laughed.  A  sense  of  vague  uneasiness  and  considerable 
oppression  of  the  chest  led  us  to  call  our  friend  aside^  tell  him  the 
haschisch  was  taken  and  ask  to  go  at  once  to  his  room.  Mounting  the 
stairs  increased  the  chest  oppression  and  flushed  the  face.  After  lying 
upon  the  bed  a  dryness  in  the  throat  led  to  a  request  for  water,  which 
our  friend  went  to  obtain.  When  he  returned  and  stood  bv  the  bed- 
side with  it,  he  was  greeted  with  a  shout : — ^^  Whoop  !  otand  from 
under !"  "  What  is  the  matter  ?'*  he  inquired.  The  sound  of  his 
voice  dispelled  the  illusion  that  the  experimenter  was  a  pump-log 
through  which  a  stream  of  hot  water  was  playing,  and  threatening  the 
friend  with  a  wetting.  The  deepening  flush  on  our  face  alarmed  our 
friend,  who  closed  the  window  blinds,  and,  advising  us  to  go  to  sleep, 
left  the  room  saying  he  would  soon  be  back.  Finding  our  eyes  closed 
on  his  return,  he  leaned  upon  one  elbow  on  the  bed  beside  us,  and 
bending  over  said,  "Doc/*  We  lay  quiet,  opened  our  eyes,  and 
exclaimed  very  emphatically:  "Take  care!  You're  spilling  me!" 
"  What  is  the  matter  with  you  V  he  replied^  still  leaning  heavily  on 
the  bed.  "Stupid,  you  will  spill  me!"  was  the  answer.  "You're 
fooling:  What's  the  matter  with  you?"  "Don't  you  see  I'm  an 
inkstand,  and  you'll  have  the  ink  all  over  the  white  counterpane?" 
"  You're  no  such  thing"  was  the  equally  emphatic  reply  of  our  friend. 
In  the  person  of  an  inkstand,  we  opened  and  shut  our  brass  cover- 
it  had  a  hinge — shook  ourself,  and  both  saw  and  felt  the  ink  splash 
against  our  glass  sides  i  and,  angry  at  our  friend's  incredulity,  turned 
with  our  face  towards  the  wall,  and  would  not  speak  a  word  with  him. 
Then  we  very  soon  fell  asleep,  and  did  not  zwikcn  until  late  next  m. 
While  our  illusions  were  very  real,  we  were  still  conscious  that  they 
were  silly  and  unreal ;  that  is,  the  sense  of  their  unreality  would  come 
in  a  m.  or  two.  An  oppression  of  the  chesty  as  if  suffocation  would 
surely  supervene,  was  exceedingly  disagreeable;  and  when  we  had 
fallen  asleep  the  deeply  flushed  face  alarmed  our  friend.  He  afterwards 
said  the  sleep  was  like  that  of  one  "  dead  drunk."  For  a  long  while 
after  we  were  annoyed  and  alarmed  by  pains  about  the  heart ;  and  with 
our  present  vague  recollection  of  them  we  would  not  like  to  repeat 
that  dose  of  haschisch.  For  fully  two  weeks  after,  when  sitting  in  our 
office  in  the  quiet  summer  afternoons,  reading  desultorily,  we  would 
hear  most  magnificent  harmony,  as  if  some  master  hand  were  playing 
an  organ  and  using  only  the  softer  stops.  There  was  this  peculiarity 
about  the  hearing  of  the  music^  namely,  one  must  be  in  a  state  of  half 
reverie,  and  then  the  divine  strains,  soft  and   marvellously  sweety 


73^ 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


followed  one  another  in  a  smoother  legato  than  any  human  "  fingering  '* 
ever  accomplished.  If  one  roused  the  attention  and  strained  the  car  as 
if  to  be  sure  of  catching  every  chord — silence  came  at  once.  (S.  A. 
Jones,  A^,  K  Journ,  of  Hornby  ii,  368.) 

%\,  a.  One  of  our  companions,  Dr.  — ,  who  had  travelled  much 
in  the  East,  and  was  a  determined  opium  eater,  was  the  first  to  yield  to 
the  influence  of  the  haschisch,  having  taken  a  much  larger  dose  than 
the  others.  He  saw  stars  in  his  plate,  and  the  firmament  in  his  soup- 
dish  J  then  turning  his  face  to  the  wall,  talked  to  himself,  and  burst  into 
fits  of  laughter,  with  eyes  flashing,  and  in  the  highest  state  of  glee.  I 
felt  perfectly  calm  until  dinner  was  over,  although  the  pupils  of  the 
eyes  of  my  other  friends  began  to  sparkle  strangely,  and  acquire  a  most 
singular  turquoise  lint.  The  table  being  cleared,  I  {still  having  my 
senses)  arranged  myself  comfortably  with  cushions  on  a  divan  to  await 
the  ecstasy.  In  a  few  m,  a  general  lethargy  overcame  me.  My  body 
appeared  to  dissolve  or  become  transparent.  I  saw  the  haschisch  I  had 
eaten  distinctly  within  me,  under  the  form  of  an  emerald  from  which 
thousands  of  little  sparks  were  emitted  \  my  eyelashes  lengthened 
indefinitely,  twisting  themselves  like  golden  threads  around  little  ivory 
wheels,  which  whirled  about  with  inconceivable  rapidity.  Around  me 
were  figures  and  scrolls  of  all  colours,  arabe<>ques,  and  flowing  forms  in 
endless  variety,  which  I  can  only  compare  to  the  variations  of  the 
kaleidoscope.  I  still  occasionally  saw  my  companions,  but  they  appeared 
disfigured — half  men,  half  plants  j  now  with  the  pensive  air  of  an  ibis, 
standing  upon  one  leg,  and  again  as  ostriches,  flapping  their  wings  and 
wearing  so  strange  an  appearance  that  I  shook  with  laughter  in  my 
corner  ;  and,  as  if  to  join  in  the  buffoonery  of  the  scene,  I  commenced 
tossing  up  my  cushions,  catching  them  as  they  descended,  and  twisting 
them  round  with  all  the  dexterity  of  an  Indian  juggler.  One  of  the 
gentlemen  addressed  a  discourse  to  me  in  Italian,  which  the  haschisch, 
by  its  extraordinary  power,  delivered  to  me  in  Spanish.  Questions  and 
answers  were  most  rational,  and  touched  on  different  matters,  such  as 
the  theatres  and  literature. 

b.  The  first  stage  drew  towards  its  termination.  After  some  m.  I 
recovered  my  calmness  without  headache,  or  any  of  the  symptoms  which 
accompany  the  use  of  wine,  and  feeling  very  much  astonished  at  what 
had  elapsed,  when  I  again  fell  under  the  influence  of  the  haschisch. 
The  vision  this  time  was  more  complicated  and  extraordinary.  Millions 
of  butterflies,  whose  wings  wafted  like  fans,  flew  about  in  the  midst 
of  a  confused  kind  of  light.  Gigantic  flowers  with  crystal  calices, 
enormous  hollyhocks,  gold  and  silver  lilies,  arose  and  burst  into  flowers 
around  me  with  a  crackling  sound  like  that  of  bouquets  of  fireworks. 
My  hearing  was  prodigiously  developed  ;  I  could  hear  the  iound  of 
colour^ — green,  red,  blue,  ana  yellow  sounds  struck  me  with  perfect 
distinctness.  A  glass  upset,  the  creaking  of  a  chair,  or  a  word  spoken, 
however  low,  vibrated  and  resounded  like  rolling  thunder  \  my  own  voice 
appeared  ^o  loud  that  I  durst  not  speak  for  fear  of  throwing  down  the 
walls  or  bursting  like  a  bomb  \  more  than  500  clocks  chimed  the  hour 
with  their  flute-like  voices.  Every  object  gave  forth  a  note  of  the 
harmonicon  or  i^olian  harp.     I  swam  in  an  ocean  of  sound,  wherein 


CANNABIS   INDICA.  733 

some  passages  of  the  ^^  Lucia  "  and  ^^  Barbiere  "  floated  like  little  isles  of 
light.  Never  before  had  I  bathed  in  such  beatitude.  I  was  so  encircled 
by  its  waves,  so  transported  from  all  things  earthly,  so  lost  to  self — that 
odious  ever-present  witness — that  I  comprehended  for  the  first  time 
what  might  be  the  existence  of  elementary  spirits  and  angels,  and  souls 
released  from  this  mortal  coil.  I  was  as  a  sponge  in  the  midst  of  the 
sea ;  every  instant  waves  of  happiness  washed  over  me,  entering  and 
departing  through  the  pores  ^  for  I  had  become  permeable,  and  even  to 
the  smallest  capillary  vessel  my  whole  being  was  filled  with  the  colour 
of  the  fantastic  medium  in  which  I  was  plunged.  Sounds,  perfumes, 
and  light  reached  me  by  multitudes  of  beams,  delicate  as  a  hair,  through 
which  I  heard  the  magnetic  current  pass. 

c.  According  to  my  calculation  this  state  must  have  lasted  for  300 
years,  for  the  sensations  succeeded  each  other  so  rapidly  and  potently 
that  the  real  appreciation  of  time  was  impossible.  When  the  attack 
was  over  I  perceived  that  it  had  lasted  J  h.  What  is  very  curious  in 
the  intoxicating  effect  of  the  haschisch  is,  that  it  is  not  continuous;  it 
comes  and  goes  suddenly — raises  you  to  heaven,  and  places  you  again 
on  earth,  without  any  gradual  transition.  Like  madness,  it  has  its  lucid 
intervals. 

ii.  A  third  attack,  the  last  and  strangest,  terminated  my  Oriental 
soiree.  In  this,  my  sight  was  doubled.  Two  images  of  each  object 
were  reflected  on  my  retina  and  produced  a  complete  symmetry ;  but 
soon  the  magic  paste,  being  entirely  digested,  acted  with  more  power 
on  my  brain,  and  I  became  completely  mad  for  the  space  of  an  h.  All 
kinds  of  Pantagruelic  dreams  passed  through  my  ^ncy ;  goatsuckers, 
storks,  striped  geese,  unicorns,  griflins^  nightmares,  all  the  menageries 
of  monstrous  dreams,  trotted,  jumped,  flew,  or  glided  through  the 
room.  These  wore  horns  terminating  in  foliage,  webbed  hands ; 
whimsical  beings,  with  the  feet  of  the  armchair  for  legs,  and  dial- 
plates  for  eyeballs ;  enormous  noses,  dancing  the  cachuca,  mounted  on 
chickens'  legs.  For  myself,  I  imagined  1  was  the  paroquet  of  the 
Queen  of  Sheba,  and  imitated,  to  the  best  of  my  ability^  the  voice  and 
cries  of  that  interesting  bird.  The  visions  became  so  grotesque  that  I 
was  seized  with  a  desire  to  sketch  them,  which  I  did  in  5  m.  with  in- 
conceivable rapidity,  on  the  backs  of  letters,  cards^  or  any  piece  of 
paper  on  which  I  could  lay  my  hands.  One  of  them  is  the  portrait  of 
Dr  — ,  as  he  appeared  to  me,  seated  at  the  piano,  dressed  as  a  Turk, 
with  a  sun  painted  on  the  back  of  his  vest.  The  notes  are  represented 
escaping  from  the  instrument  in  the  form  of  guns  and  spirals,  capri- 
ciously intertwisted.  Another  sketch  bears  this  inscription :  ^^  An 
Animal  of  the  Future.'^  It  represents  a  living  locomotive  with  a  swan's 
neck  terminating  in  the  jaws  of  a  serpent,  whence  issue  jets  of  smoke, 
with  two  monstrous  paws,  composed  of  wheels  and  pulleys ;  each  pair 
of  paws  has  a  pair  of  wings,  and  on  the  tail  of  the  animal  is  seated  the 
Mercury  of  the  ancients,  who  is  confessing  himself  to  be  conquered, 
notwithstanding  his  heels.  Thanks  to  haschisch^  I  have  painted  from 
nature  the  portrait  of  a  goblin.  Even  now  I  fancy  I  hear  them  whining 
and  mowing  at  night  in  my  old  beauffet.  (Thsophile  Gautier,  in 
Brierre  de  Boismont's  Histoin  dis  Apparitions^  i^c.) 


734 


CANNABIS   INDICA. 


22.  a.  At  Damascus,  1852.     Took  a  teaspoonful  of  paste,  made 

from  the  dried  leaves  of  C.  indica^  sugar,  and  spices,  soon  after  dinner 
in  the  e.,  letting  it  dissolve  slowly  on  the  tongye.     After  the  lapse  of 
an  h*  no  change  in  feelings.     Took  another  half  teaspoonful,  followed 
by  a  cup  of  hot  tea.     Not  long  afterwards  a  fine  nervous  thrill  shot 
through  me,  accompanied  with  a  burning  sensation  in  epigastrium.     It 
shot,  throbbing  along  the  nerves,  to  the  extremities  of  the  body.     The 
sense  of  limitation — confinement  of  one's  senses — instantly  fell  away. 
The  walls  of  my  frame  were  burst  outwards  and  tumbled  into  ruin  ; 
and  without  thinking  what  form  I  wore — losing  sight  even  of  all  idea 
of  form — I  felt  that  I  had  existed  through  a  vast  extent  of  space.     The 
blood  pulsed  from  my  heart  sped  through  uncounted  leagues  before  it 
reached  to  my  extremities ;  the  air  drawn  into  my  lungs  expanded  into 
seas  of  liquid  ether,  and  the  arch  of  my  skull  was  broader  than   the 
arch  of  heaven.     Within   the  concave  that  held   my  brain  were  the 
fathomless  deeps  of  blue  ;  clouds  floated  there,  and  the  winds  of  heaven 
rolled  them  together,  and  there  shone  the  orb  of  the  sun*     All  sensa* 
tions,  as  they  arose,  suggested  more  or  less  coherent  images.     They 
presented  themselves  to  me  in  a  double  form  ;  one  physical,  and  there- 
fore to  some  extent  tangible  \  the  other  spiritual,  and  revealing  itself 
In  a  succession  of  splendid  metaphors.     The  thrills  which  ran  through 
my  nervous  system  became  more  rapid  and  fierce,  accompanied  with 
sensations  that  steeped  my  whole  being  in  unutterable  rapture.     I  was 
encompassed  by  a  sea  of  light,  through  which  played  the  pure,  harmo* 
nious  colours  that  are  born  of  light.     I  fancied  myself  at  the  foot  of  the 
pyramid  of  Cheops.     I  wished  to  ascend  it,  and  was  immediately  there. 
Looking  down  it  seemed  built  of  plugs  of  Cavendish  tobacco.    Other  and 
more  wonderful  illusions  arose.     I  was  moving  over  the  desert  in  a  barque 
of  mother-of-pearl  and  studded  with  jewels  of  surpassing  lustre.     The 
sand  was  grains  of  gold,  and  my  keel  slid  through  them  without  jar  or 
sound.     The  air  was  radiant  with  excess  of  light  with  no  sun  in  view, 
and  full  of  delicious  perfumes,  and  harmonies   floated  around  me.     I 
revelled  in  a  sensuous  clysium,  which  was  perfect ;  and  beyond  all  I 
was  filled  with  a  boundless  feeling  of  triumph  over  the  grandest  as  well 
as  subtlest  forces  of  nature.     My  feelings  took  a  warmth  and  glow  from 
that  pure  animal  joy  which  degrades  not,  but  spiritualises  and  ennobles 
our  material  part.     The  barque  of  pearl,  the   rainbows,  the  desert  of 
golden  5iand  vanished,  and  I  was  in  a  land  of  green  and  flowery  lawns, 
divided  by  hills  of  gently  undulating  outline.     But  there  was  no  water  ; 
all  were  asking  for  water.     Honey  was  drawn  up  in  dripping  pitchers. 
b.  A  remarkable  fact  was,  that  while  1  was  most  completely  under 
the  influence  of  these  illusions,  I  knew  myself  to  be  seated  in  the  tower 
of  Antonio^s  Hotel  in  Damascus,  knew  that   I   had   taken   haschisch, 
and  that  the  gorgeous  and  ludicrous  fancies  were  the  eflFect  of  it. 
While  gliding  over  the  valley  of  the  Nile  and  over  the  desert  I  saw  the 
furniture  and  the  mosaic  pavement,  the  niches,  the  ceiling,  and  the 
couch,  and   my  companions  in  the   room.     Both  sensations    seemed 
simultaneous  and  equally  palpable,     I  felt  the  absurdity  of  my  illusions* 
I  was  double,  not  "  swan  and  shadow  '*  but  rather  Sphinx-like^  human 
and  beast. 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  735 

c.  Later,  the  drug,  which  had  been  retarded  by  the  influence  of  the 
dinner,  began  to  make  itself  more  powerfully  felt.  The  visions  were 
more  grotesque  and  less  agreeable;  and  there  was  a  painful  tension 
throughout  my  nervous  system.  I  was  twisted  into  various  shapes, 
according  to  the  ruling  fancy,  and  yet  convulsed  with  laughter  at  my 
own  ridiculousness.  Later  still,  my  perceptions  became  more  dim  and 
confused — I  felt  that  I  was  in  the  grasp  of  some  giant  force  and  grew 
earnestly  alarmed  at  the  terrible  stress  under  which  my  frame  was 
labouring  more  and  more.  A  fierce  and  furious  heat  radiated  from  my 
stomach  throughout  my  system ;  my  mouth  and  throat  were  dry  and 
hard  as  if  made  of  brass ;  and  my  tongue  seemed  as  if  a  bar  of  rusty 
iron.  I  seized  a  pitcher  of  water  and  drank  long  and  deeply ;  but  I 
might  as  well  have  drunk  so  much  air,  for  not  only  did  it  impart  no 
moisture,  but  my  palate  and  throat  gave  me  no  intelligence  of  having 
drunk  at  all.  I  stood  in  the  centre  of  the  room  brandishing  my  arms 
convulsivelv,  and  heaving  sighs.  "Will  no  one,"  I  cried, '* cast  out 
this  devil  tnat  has  possession  of  me  V^  I  no  longer  saw  the  room,  nor 
my  companions,  but  I  heard  one  of  them  saying,  ^'  It  must  be  real ;  he 
could  not  counterfeit  such  an  expression  as  that ;  but  it  don't  look 
much  like  pleasure."  In  my  ignorance  I  had  taken  haschisch  enough 
for  six  men,  as  I  afterwards  learned.  The  excited  blood  rushed 
through  my  frame  with  a  sound  like  the  roaring  of  mighty  waters.  It 
was  projected  into  my  eyes  until  I  could  no  longer  see ;  it  beat  thickly 
in  my  ears,  and  so  throbbed  in  my  heart  that  I  feared  the  ribs  would 
give  way  under  its  blows.  I  tore  open  my  vest,  placed  my  hand  over 
the  spot  and  tried  to  count  the  pulsations  \  but  there  were  two  hearts 
beating,  one  at  the  rate  of  a  thousand  beats  a  m.,  and  the  other  with  a 
slow  dull  motion.  My  throat  I  thought  was  filled  with  blood,  and  the 
streams  were  pouring  from  my  ears.  I  felt  them  gushing  warm  down 
my  cheeks  and  neck.  With  a  maddened,  desperate  feeling  I  fled  from 
the  room  and  walked  over  the  flat  terraced  roof  of  the  house.  My 
body  seemed  to  shrink  and  srow  rigid  as  I  wrestled  with  the  demon, 
and  my  face  to  become  wild,  lean,  and  haggard.  I  fancied  my  head  a 
fleshless  skull ;  I  was  tempted  to  leap  from  the  parapet,  but  something 
pushed  me  back*  I  made  my  way  back  to  my  room  in  a  state  of 
keenest  suffering.  I  was  sinking  deeper  and  deeper  into  a  pit  of 
unutterable  agony  and  despair.    The  nerve-^tension  gave  me  a  sensa- 

.  tion  of  great  distress.  My  will  seemed  to  grow  weaker — I  felt  I  should 
soon  be  powerless  in  the  hands  of  the  demon.  I  had  a  mortal  fear  of 
insanity.  I  threw  myself  on  the  bed  with  the  excited  blood  roaring 
wildly  in  my  ears,  my  heart  throbbing  with  a  force  that  seemed  to  be 
rapidly  wearing  away  my  life ;  my  throat  dry  as  a  potsherd  and  my 
stiffened  tongue  cleaving  to  the  roof  of  my  mouth— resisting  no  longer^ 
but  awaiting  my  fete. 

d.  The  calls  of  my  companion  for  help  from  me  I  was  conscious  of, 
but  they  only  made  me  angry ;  but,  after  a  time,  my  senses  became 
clouded  and  I  sank  into  a  stupor.  This  was  about  5  h.  after  the 
haschisch  began  to  take  effect.  I  lay  thus  all  the  following  d.  and  n., 
in  a  state  of  grey,  blank  oblivion,  broken  only  by  a  single  wandering 
gleam  of  consciousness.     Unconsciously  I  arose,  attempted  to  dress, 


736 


CANNABIS  INDICA. 


drank  two  cups  of  cofFce,  and  then  fell  back  into  the  same  death-like 
stupor*  On  the  m.  of  the  ind  d.,  after  a  sleep  of  30  h.,  I  awoke  again 
to  the  world,  with  a  system  utterly  prostrate  and  unstrung,  and  a  brain 
clouded  with  the  lingering  images  of  my  visions.  I  knew  where  I 
was  and  what  had  happened  to  me,  but  all  that  I  saw  still  remained 
unreal  and  shadowy.  There  was  no  taste  in  what  I  ate^  no  refresh- 
ment in  what  1  drank,  and  it  required  a  painful  effort  to  comprehend 
what  was  said  to  me  and  return  a  coherent  answer.  A  bath  and  acidu- 
lated drink  helped  to  restore  me  ^  but  for  several  d.  I  had  spells  of 
mental  absence,  so  that  slowly  my  double  life  disappeared.  For  some 
time  I  had  no  courage,  nor  energy  for  days.  {Bayard  Taylor,  Lands 
afthe  Saracen^  p.  133,) 

23.  Mr,  Carter  Harrison,  the  travelling  companion  of  Mr.  Taylor, 
at  same  time  and  in  like  doses  took  the  haschisch.  No  mention  of  his 
symptoms,  objective  or  subjective,  is  made  till  about  midnight,  when 
Mr.  Taylor  says  :  ''  There  was  a  scream  of  the  wildest  laughter,  and  my 
countryman  sprang  upon  the  floor,  exclaiming,  '  Oh,  ye  gods !  I  am  a 
locomotive!'  This  was  his  rulling  hallucination  \  and  for  the  space  of 
2  or  3  h,  he  continued  to  pace  to  and  fro  with  a  measured  stride,  ex- 
haling his  breath  in  violent  jets,  and  when  he  spoke  dividing  his  words 
into  syllables,  each  of  which  he  brought  out  with  a  jerk,  at  the  same 
time  turning  his  hands  at  his  sides,  as  \f  they  were  the  cranks  of 
imaginary  wheels.  Later,  he  cried  out  to  me  that  he  was  dyings 
implored  me  to  help  him  and  reproached  me  vehemently,  because  I 
lay  silent,  motionless,  and  apparently  careless  of  danger. ''  Mr.  Harri- 
son recovered  more  rapidly  than  Mr.  Taylor,  {ihid.) 

24.  I  took  40  min.  of  tinct.,  which  caused  little  more  effect  than 
inclination  to  rub  eyelids  and  some  indisposition  to  exertion.  Next  d., 
took  80  min. ;  my  spirits  in  an  h.  afterwards  were  much  elevated  j 
eyeh*ds  felt  oedematous  \  imagined  that  some  object  was  near  to  me 
which  was  not  in  room,  so  much  so  as  to  start  from  my  seat  under  the 
delusion  j  pulse,  usually  70,  was  90 ;  I  was  obliged  to  feel  it  several  times 
in  order  to  ascertain  it.  The  most  marked  effect  was  that  my  recollec- 
tion (not  memory)  intermitted  regularly  about  every  2  m.,  so  that  while 
\n  conversation  I  was  obliged  to  stop  speakings  from  a  momentary 
total  loss  of  the  subject,  but  the  link  would  be  perfectly  restored  when 

2  or  3  m.  had  elapsed.  In  4  or  5  h.  this  phenomenon  gradually  dis- 
appeared, and  was  succeeded  by  a  sense  of  languor  and  great  inclination 

^  to  assume  the  lowest  possible  horizontal  position,  accompanied  by  sen- 
sation of  being  bitten  m  many  parts  of  the  body  by  some  insect.  There 
was  most  disagreeable  feeling  of  distension  (as  if  with  water)  in  abdo- 
men J  all  secretions  increased,  and  especially  from  mucous  membrane  of 
bronchi*  Feelijig  of  distension  lasted  several  d.  {Crosse,  Prcv. 
Mid,  and  Surg,  journ,^  1843,  P-  ^7^0 

25,  I  have  often  taJcen  from  20 — 30  dr.  of  the  ethereal  tinct.,  and 
generally,  in  |  h.,  feeling  allied  to  early  stage  of  intoxication  came  on  ; 
ideas  passed  with  great  rapidity;  everything  was  then  forgotten, and 
usually  a  hearty  laugh  followed,  whole  occupying  a  m.  No  effect 
would  then  be  felt  for  3 — 5  m.,  when  same  symptoms  recurred*     After 

3  gr.  of  extr.,  above  feelings  came  on  in  i  h. ;  after   1    h,,  alternating 


CANNABIS   INDICA.  737 

states  were  marked  by  cheerfulness  and  depression.  I  felt  myself  getting 
more  and  more  bound ;  I  intensely  tried  to  throw  off  the  load,  to  com- 
mand my  thoughts,  but  could  not.  This  state  continued  more  or  less 
for  I  h.,  with  no  inclination  to  move.  A  sudden  but  slight  giddiness 
came  on  ;  a  desire  to  drink  something  cold.  I  took  a  glass  of  cold 
water,  and  was  suddenly  impelled  to  run  round  room  on  hands  and 
knees,  and  in  this  way  got  to  front  door^  instinctively  seeking  cold. 
This  fit  lasted  2  m.,  when  I  recovered  perfect  consciousness  for  about 
same  period,  and  again  was  impelled  to  same  actions.  I  was  less  lost 
in  succeeding  fits  than  in  first ;  lucid  intervals  were  also  less  distinct. 
I  roamed  ^  h.  on  hands  and  feet  in  open  air,  all  the  time  conscious  of 
what  I  did,  but  without  desire  to  do  otherwise,  actions  being  instinctive. 
After  this,  for  10  m.,  I  recovered,  re-entered  house,  explained  cause, 
and  went  off  in  hysterical  laughing  and  crying  for  a  few  m.  For  i  h. 
after  this  I  suffered  great  susceptibility  of  mind,  was  distressed  beyond 
measure  at  any  suggestions  my  friends  made  as  to  coming  into  the 
house,  &c.  This  sensitiveness  was  the  most  striking  of  the  phenomena. 
I  most  earnestly  implored  in  the  softest  whisper  that  no  request  or  sug- 
gestion should  be  made.  Loud  speaking  was  too  great  an  effort.  The 
rapid  thoughts,  in  most  confused  order  of  succession,  so  instantly  for- 
gotten, were  very  painful.  I  made  strongest  efforts  to  fix  attention  to 
some  train  of  thoughts  in  mind,  or  in  conversation  with  another,  but 
without  avail.  This  sute  lasted  I  h.  (**M.D.,"  Med.  Times  and 
Gaz,,  iv,  273  (1852).) 

26.  Several  pupils  (of  the  Calcutta  Medical  College)  tried  resin  on 
themselves.  The  result  of  several  experiments  was  that  in  doses  of 
gr.  ^  pulse  was  increased  in  fulness  and  frequency,  surface  of  body 
glowed,  appetite  became  extraordinary,  vivid  ideas  crowded  mind, 
unusual  loquacitv  occurred,  and,  with  hardly  an  exception,  great  aphro- 
disia  existed.  One  pupil  took  10  dr.  of  tinct.  =  gr.  ^  of  resin.  In 
20  m.  a  shout  of  laughter  ushered  in  the  symptoms,  and  cataleptic 
rigidity  occurred  for  2  or  3  m.  I  found  him  enacting  the  part  of  a  rajah, 
giving  orders  to  his  courtiers  ;  he  could  recognise  none  of  his  acquaint- 
ances, all  to  his  mind  seemed  as  altered  as  his  own  condition  ^  he  spoke 
of  many  years  having  passed  since  his  student  days,  described  his 
teachers  and  friends  with  a  piquancy  which  a  dramatist  would  envy, 
detailed  the  adventures  of  an  imaginary  series  of  years^  his  travels,  his 
attainment  of  wealth  and  power ;  he  entered  on  discussions  on  religious, 
scientific,  and  political  topics,  with  astonishing  eloquence,  and  displayed 
an  extent  of  knowledge  and  reading,  and  a  ready  apposite  wit«  which  was 
quite  unexpected.  For  more  than  3  h,  he  maintained  the  character  he 
at  first  assumed,  and  with  a  degree  of  ease  an9  dignity  perfectly  becoming 
his  high  situation.  This  state  ended  as  suddenly  as  it  commenced. 
(O'Shaughnessy,  Prov.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.^  1846.) 

a.  At  8  p.m.  took  6  gr.  of  **  Bering's  alcoholic  extract  of  cannabis 
indica.''  At  9  went  to  bed,  feeling  as  well  as  usual.  At  precisely  12 
p.m.  awoke  suddenly  and  fully.  Room  was  dark^  still  location  of  every 
article  about  me  seemed  perfectly  plain  ^  I  could  read  titles  of  books 
upon  a  table  12  or  15  feet  off.  Although  urine  had  been  voided  on 
retiring  a  great  desire  was  felt  to  pass  more,  which  I  essayed  to  do,  but 

47 


738 


CANNABIS   INDICA. 


could  scarcely  retain  it  until  the  vessel  could  be  got  ready.  The  length 
of  time  occupied  in  urinating  seemed  days  instead  of  seconds.  As  much 
was  passed  as  is  usually  collected  during  whole  n.  As  soon  as  I  had 
accomplished  this  feat,  for  it  seemed  indeed  a  great  undertaking,  the 
ctairvoyant-like  vision  left  me,  and  I  felt  unable  to  raise  my  hands,  the 
feeling  being  as  if  a  weight  was  upon  my  forearm.  The  head  felt 
light,  the  mind  remarkably  active,  and  yet  apparently  sluggish.  Had  a 
feeling  of  duality.  One  of  my  minds  would  be  thinking  of  something 
while  the  other  would  laugh  at  it  ^  a  quick  transition  of  the  ideas  of 
one  mind  to  the  other.  I  laughed  at  the  idea  of  laughing  and  could 
not  control  myself-  I  closed  my  eyes  and  tried  to  think  of  something 
solemn*  Suddenly  I  felt  as  if  I  were  a  marble  statue,  I  had  no  ability 
to  move,  and  a  chill  ran  over  me.  By  a  great  exertion  I  moved  my 
hand  and  felt  my  face  j  it  felt  hard  j  there  was  no  sensation  in  the 
face,  but  to  the  hand  it  felt  stony,  I  made  an  effort  to  throw  it  off  by 
getting  out  of  bed,  and  by  a  determined  will  I  looked  at  my  watch  j  it 
was  10  m,  past  12.  I  lay  down  in  despair  i  onlv  lom.  had  elapsed,  and 
1  thought  days  or  at  least  hours  had  gone  by.  My  pulse  began  to  throb 
heavily  and  my  head  to  be  dizzy.  I  sprang  from  my  bed  like  a  maniac 
and  struck  a  light,  took  my  watch  and  began  to  count  my  pulse,  just 
one  beat  at  each  second  ;  but  when  the  m.  had  elapsed  I  could  not 
remember  how  many  I  had  counted.  I  again  went  to  bed,  and  fell 
asleep.  In  m.  my  eyes  were  swollen  and  inflamed,  pupils  contracted, 
head  dizzy*  A  cup  of  strong  coffee  relieved  the  dizs&iness.  During  d* 
was  occasionally  absent-minded  and  dreamy,  but  otherwise  was  as  well 
as  usual. 

b.  At  another  time,  9  a.m.,  I  took  10  gr.  of  the  same  extract,  and 
in  exactly  4  h.  I  felt  the  characteristic  thrill  produced  by  the  drug. 
This  time  I  took  more  particular  notice  of  the  results,  and  also  had  the 
assistance  of  others  to  note  my  actions.  The  same  apparent  clairvoy* 
ance  was  present,  that  is,  I  saw,  or  fancied  I  saw,  articles  in  another 
room,  but  the  sensation  was  of  short  duration.  The  symptoms  already 
described  were  present.  As  I  attempted  to  walk  my  feet  felt  heavy, 
my  hands  were  with  difficulty  raised,  the  forearm  felt  as  if  kept  down 
by  weights.  A  slight  dry  cough  troubled  me,  1  had  great  craving  for 
water,  but  a  single  swallow  passing  down  my  throat  gave  sensation  as  of 
holding  my  mouth  under  a  cataract  ;  a  spasm  came  upon  me  with  a 
sensation  of  fear  or  dread,  but  this  was  only  for  an  instant.  My  mouth 
was  dry  and  frothy.  The  cough  became  harder,  but  still  dry,  almost  like 
a  bark.  I  had  a  discharge  from  bowels  about  1  h.  after  feeling"  thrill  *' 
spoken  of  and  in  4  h.  another.  They  were  thin,  yellow,  and  painless. 
The  diarrhoea  increased,  a  heat  pervaded  the  abdomen  internally,  and 
frequent  discharges  of  this  kind  followed,  but  entirely  without  pain. 

c.  Frequent  trials  were  made  with  the  drug,  each  time  increasing 
the  dose,  until  the  last,  when  56  gr.  were  taken.  The  same  general 
symptoms  were  present  each  time,  except  that  the  last  dose  did  not 
have  any  effect. 

</.  A  large  number  of  my  friends  (about  30)  tried  the  drug,  most 
of  them  under  my  eye,  and  the  same  result  was  invariably  obtained^ 
vis&.  clairvoyance  j  heaviness  of  the  forearm  and  feet  s  hard,  dry  cough  ^ 


CANNABIS  INDICA.  739 

desire  for  and  dread  of  water ;  some  had  tetanic  spasm  at  moment  water 
was  taken,  others  had  some  frothing  at  the  mouth.  A  painless  yellow 
diarrhoea  was  present  in  every  case  \  eyes  dull  and  swollen ;  heavy 
frontal  headache ;  loss  of  appetite.  All  persons  were  relieved  of  their 
symptoms  as  fast  as  the  effect  of  drug  had  passed  off,  which  was  usually 
in  from  10  to  24  h.  One  or  two  were  a  little  constipated  for  a  fewd. 
Coffee  almost  instantly  relieved  headache  following.  Some  had  great 
fear^  at  times,  of  things  either  real  or  unreal,  and  a^  other  times  the 
mind  wandered  into  delightful  realms. 

e.  Two  ladies  whom  I  persuaded  to  try  the  drug  took  10  gr.  each, 
and  experienced  same  general  symptoms  \  but  they  had  in  addition 
very  profuse  menstruation  which  lasted  5  d.  At  another  time,  several 
months  after,  they  tried  it  again  with  the  same  result.  They  had 
always  menstruated  regularlv  ;  ooe  had  never  any  uterine  or  vaginal 
troubles.     (G.  M.  Pease,  M.D.,  N.  Engl.  Med.  6az.^  i,  204.) 

II.  Poisonings, — 1.  Air.  C—  took  gr.  ss  of  ext.  about  4  p.m. ;  at 
4.30  same  ;  at  4.45  gr.  j  ;  at  5  and  5.15  gr.  ij.  Took  tea  as  usual  at 
6.30.  At  7.30  noticed  that  he  gave  wrong  change  to  a  customer,  and 
felt  somewhat  nervous  and  dizzy.  A  few  m.  afterwards  went  out  on 
an  errand,  felt  irresistible  inclination  to  run  -,  at  same  time  sense  of 
contraction  of  entire  genito-urinary  system,  and  great  desire  to  mictu- 
rate, with  much  strangury  on  doing  so ;  also  excessive  dryness  of  fauces, 
coming  on  suddenly  and  with  much  thirst.  On  returning  to  his  place 
of  business  found  it  impossible  to  keep  still,  on  account  of  irresistible 
desire  to  be  constantly  on  his  feet.  At  this  point  I  first  saw  him,  and 
found  him  walking  at  quick  pace,  almost  on  his  toes,  round  a  room 
about  8  ft.  square.  Within  a  few  m.  spasms  supervened,  during  which 
at  times  flexors  and  extensors,  at  times  abductors  and  adductors  of 
whole  body  were  thrown  into  violent  alternate  action.  While  sitting  in 
a  chair,  one  m.  his  feet  would  beat  a  tattoo  on  the  floor,  and  the  next 
his  knees  beat  violently  together.  Spasms  increased  in  severity  and 
frequency  for  ^  h.,  and  then  gradually  diminished,  after  emesis  had 
been  induced.  He  could,  by  strong  exercise  of  will^  restrain  spasms, 
but  on  fresh  access  they  were  much  more  violent.  They  were  unac- 
companied by  pain,  but  after  a  time  he  experienced  sense  of  weariness, 
as  after  spasms  of  tetanus.  He  describes  his  mind  as  being  ^^dull"  and 
somewhat  confused,  but  without  any  loss  of  consciousness.  Only  once 
was  there  any  mental  disturbance,  when  he  thought  vomitus  was  head 
of  hippopotamus,  and  again,  a  bunch  of  earthworms.  He  noticed  that 
if  anything  ludicrous  were  said  or  done,  or  any  idea  suggested  which 
required  more  than  most  common  exercise  of  mind,  spasms  were  con- 
siderably intensified.  Senses  of  vision  and  feeling  somewhat  diminished  ; 
tinnitus  aurium ;  conjunctiva  much  congested.  Pulse  at  8.30  about 
140,  somewhat  irregular  in  character  and  frequency;  at  10  it  was 
90.  After  an  emetic  symptoms  passed  off  in  24 — 30  h.  (F.  H.  Browne, 
Bost,  Med.  and  Surg,  Journ,^  Ixvii,  291.) 

2.  Surgeon,  second  officer,  and  Custom-house  officer  on  a  ship  (at 
Calcutta)  took  some  extract,  to  experience  stimulant  and  exhilarating 
action  only ;  dose  was  too  strong,  and  I  learnt  from  the  surgeon  that 
they  had  about  3  gr.  each.    They  were  in  sute  of  collapse.    Stimulants 


740 


CANNABIS   INDICA. 


soon  roused  the  doctor.  Second  officer  required  external  and  internal 
stimulants  and  cold  affusions,  and  the  poor  Custom-house  officer, 
being  weaker,  had  nearly  succumbed  ;  it  took  2  h,  before  he  was  out 
of  dangefj  with  the  aid  of  turpentine  enema,  cold  affusions,  ammonia, 
and  constant  moving  about.  Next  d.  they  all  had  headache  and  lassi- 
tude. Effects  seemed  to  be  same  as  those  of  opium  j  contracted  pupil, 
pale,  clammy  countenance,  and  stupor  unless  roused,  [Lmd,  and  Ed, 
Med.  Journ.^  xiv,  270.) 

3.  A  young  Hindu  was  admitted  about  4  p.m.,  April  5th.  He 
was  in  the  habit  of  smoking  bhang  or  gunjah,  and  had  smoked  it 
that  m.  His  symptoms  were^— total  insensibility  ;  sensation  completely 
in  abeyance  \  no  reflex  action  could  be  excited  by  tickling  soles  or  by 
pinching  skin,  nor  was  latter  felt  ;  eyes  were  open  and  fixed  vacantly, 
pupils  natural  ;  jaw  fixed  and  immoveable  ;  mouth  closed*  The  arms 
could  be  flexed  or  extended  easily,  but  \n  whatever  position  they  were 
placed  they  remained  ;  thus  when  stretched  out  in  front  of  him,  or 
when  placed  vertically  above  head,  they  remained  in  that  position  until 
moved  again.  Lower  extremities,  too,  could  be  placed  in  any  position, 
and  remained  so.  In  spite  of  douches  and  other  local  measures,  he 
continued  in  same  condition  till  8th,  when  he  lay  as  it  were  asleep, 
breathing  calmly;  eyeballs  turned  upwards  \  muscles  of  arms  and  legs 
quite  relaxed  j  very  slight  reflex  action  when  soles  are  pinched  or 
tickled  \  loudest  calling  or  roughest  shaking  does  not  rouse.  Seven  h. 
later  I  found  him  being  led  about  by  two  friends,  moaning  incessantly, 
and  with  difficulty  prevented  from  putting  hands  into  mouth,  apparently 
to  bite  them  ;  continually  opening  and  shutting  mouth.  Two  d.  sub- 
sequently there  were  signs  of  returning  consciousness;  he  could  \»e 
roused  by  calling  to  him  in  a  very  loud  voice,  when  he  turned  towards 
speaker,  but  then  relapsed  into  same  condition,  and  walked  to  and  fro, 
moaning  continually.  Next  d.  consciousness  was  regained,  but  he  had 
lost  all  recollection  of  what  had  occurred  from  m.  of  day  of  admission. 
(Mid.  Times  and  Guz,,  xviii,  135  (1859),) 

4.  Mrs.  S — ,  *et,  31,  suffering  from  spasmodic  asthma,  had  same 
symptoms  twice  after  dose  of  30  min.  of  rinct.  Head  became  giddy,  then 
came  drawing  pain  at  chest,  later  at  heart.  Next  pinching  pains  in 
flesh  of  body,  and  bearing-down  pains  in  loins*  ;  and  bowels  and  bladder 
acted  with  force.  Then  tongue  became  swollen  and  drawn  to  roof 
of  mouth  ;  flesh  felt  puffed  all  over,  and  tmglcd.  Then  retching  came 
on  ;  then  continual  yawning,  with  a  shiver  ;  then  she  felt  as  if  she 
wanted  to  be  held  tight,  as  m  hysterics,  power  of  speech  seemed  lost, 
and  all  sounds  heard  seemed  to  be  at  a  distance.  So  it  continued  5  or 
6  h.,  head  being  very  bad  all  the  time,  with  noises  in  ears  i  and  when 
it  was  laid  down  it  felt  heavy,  with  a  hot  swimming  coming  over  it 
repeatedly.  She  then  fell  into  an  unnaturally  deep  sleep,  lasting  all  n, ; 
after  which,  having  taken  a  little  coffee,  same  symptoms  continued 

•  «*  Dr.  Simpson  said  at  the  Edinb.  Obstetrical  Society,  July»  18 5o»  that  C.  Ind,  was 
oxytocic.  I  have  noticed  the  uterine  contractionsi  acquire  great  increase  of  strength 
and  frequency  iminediately  on  taking  dnig,  or  4 — 5  m.  afterwardti.  In  7  cases  out  ot 
16  to  which  I  gave  it  it  proved  oxytocic."  (McGrigor,  MonthLJourn,  qf  Mid.  Si,, 
i«5z,p,  1*4.) 


Cannabis  indica.  741 

more  or  less  during  d.  till  they  gradually  went  off.     (H.  Dobell,  Ibid.^ 
1863,  ii,  245.) 

5.  Three  Hindu  patients  sufFering  from  rheumatism  (two  acute, 
one  chronic)  each  took  i  gr.  of  resin  in  solution  at  2  p.m.  At  4  it 
was  reported  that  one  of  them  was  becoming  very  talkative,  singing 
songs,  calling  loudly  for  extra  supply  of  food,  and  declaring  himself  in 
perfect  health.  At  6  he  was  falling  asleep  ;  at  8  he  was  lying  on  his 
cot  quite  insensible.  On  raising  his  arm  it  remained  in  the  altered 
position  ;  he  was  in  a  state  of  catalepsy,  perfectly  pliant  and  stationary 
in  whatever  position  we  placed  him,  no  matter  how  contrary  to  the 
natural  influence  of  gravity  on  the  part.  He  was  almost  insensible  to 
all  impressions  ;  gave  no  sign  of  understanding  questions ;  could  not 
be  roused.  A  sinapism  to  stomach  gave  no  pain.  Pharyngeal  muscles 
acted  freely  in  deglutition  of  a  stimulant  medicine.  The  second 
patient  had  meanwhile  been  roused  by  the  noise,  and  seemed  vastly 
amused  at  the  strange  aspect  and  statue-like  attitudes  in  which  the 
first  had  been  placed  ;  when  on  a  sudden  he  uttered  a  loud  peal  of 
laughter,  and  exclaimed  that  four  spirits  were  springing  with  his  bed 
into  the  air.  In  vain  we  tried  to  pacify  him ;  his  laughter  became 
momentarily  more  and  more  uncontrollable.  We  now  observed  that 
the  limbs  were  rather  rigid,  and  in  a  few  m.  more  his  arms  or  legs 
could  be  bent  and  would  remain  in  any  desired  position.  He  did  not 
complain  of  an  v  pain  from  a  sinapism  ;  but  his  intoxication  led  him  to 
such  noisy  exclamations  that  he  was  removed  to  a  separate  room.  Here 
he  soon  became  tranquil,  his  limbs  in  less  than  an  h.  gained  their  natural 
condition,  and  in  2  h.  he  said  he  was  perfectly  well  and  excessively 
hungry.  The  first  patient  remained  cataleptic  till  i  a.m.,  when  con- 
sciousness and  voluntary  motion  quickly  returned  ;  and  by  2  a.m.  he 
was  in  exactly  the  same  state  as  the  second.  The  third  man  had  no 
symptoms  ^  he  was  accustomed  to  smoke  gunjah  in  his  pipe.     (As  3.) 

6.  A  woman  took  for  neuralgia  about  r.  orbit  45  drops  of  tinct.  of 
resin  (gr.  iij  to  3J)  every  morninewhen  pains  began.  It  made  her  feel  a 
little  light-headed  ;  there  was  also  intense  itching  round  orbits  and  over 
body  and  extremities,  especially  lower  ones ;  itching  round  orbits  is 
referred  to  numerous  close-set  points,  elsewhere  the  points  are  distant. 
Itching  very  intense  for  several  h.  after  dose,  afterwards  gradually 
diminishes,  but  is  felt  at  distant  parts  of  surface  20  h.  after  dose. 
(Lynch,  Prov.  Med,  and  Surg,  Joum.j  vi,  9.) 

III.  Experiments  on  animals, — i.  M.  Lieutaud  found  that  the  preparations  ot 
hemp  invariably  produced  in  carnivorous  animals  and  fish  a  sort  of  mtoxication, 
manifested  by  oscillating  movements,  dulness  and  sluggishness,  while  herbivorous 
animals  offer  no  sign  of  its  influence  in  whatever  dose  it  is  administered.  The  experi- 
ments made  by  O'Shaughnessy  gave  essentially  the  same  results,  and  those  performed 
by  Mabillat  led  to  a  similar  concKision.     (Still£.) 


APPENDIX, 


[In  the  following  section  (the  like  of  which  we  purpose  appcndmf  to  each 
volume  of  the  CyckfiBdia)^  we  shall  give,  under  the  head  ot  each  medicine,  %uch 
additions  and  emendationii  a.^  the  progress  of  knowledge,  our  own  observatjoas  or 
the  communications  of  colleagues^  have  shown  to  be  required. — Eds,] 

Abies  nlgra.^ — P.  i,  1.  9  ^rom  bottomland  p,  i,L  15  trom  top,  before  **  meatus '' 
insert  "  1." 

Acidum  acetlcmn.* — In  place  of  I,  1,  read  as  follows: 

I.  a.  BtHRiDGE  has  obscned  in  two  cases,  from  drinking  vinegar,  bright  red 
flush  on  cheeks,  in  one  with  heat,  in  another  with  spots  of  perspiration  on  forehead, 
(AT.  H,  Re*v,^  xv,  197*) 

*.  In  another  case,  on  every  tasting  of  vinegar,  face  got  red  and  fett  hot,  with 
perspiration  on  it,     (Ibid.,  Am.  Joum.  ofH.  M.  M.,  ix,  145.) 

r.  Mrs.  —  informs  me  that  vinegar  causes  in  her  coppery  ta^^te,  commencing  in 
tongue  and  going  all  over  roof  of  mouth  and  lips ;  tongue  sometimes  feeU  as  if  it 
stuck  to  back  of  mouth,  and  could  not  move  ;  then,  after  she  has  been  to  sleep  she 
wakes  with  feeling  as  if  heart  stood  still,  and  cannot  draw  her  breath  4  then  there  is 
itching  and  smarting  all  over  skin,  but  without  redness  or  eruption,  itching  lasting 
5 — 4.  h,j  and  preventing  sleep.     (Ibid.,  The  Organofif  iii,  284.) 

d,  A  young  lady,  of  florid  complexion,  told  Bering  that  each  time  she  partook 
of  pickles  (made  without  apices)  she  had  a  very  much  flushed  face,  lasting  several  h, 
(Jm.  7.  o/H.  M.  M.,  viii,  111.) 

In  II.  1,  after  ** cough,"  insert  **  (first  dry,  afterwards  moist)  ;  *'  and  before  "  ex. 
tremitics  '*  add  **  lower.*' 

Acidtun  benaoicum.— In  I.  3,  L  7?  after  **  awoke,'*  insert  *' about  2  o'clock." 
P.  4,  1.  7,  for  **  stitching  and  burning,  &:c.,"  read  "  stitch  passing  perpendicularly 
upwards  through  r.  great  toe,  followed  by  burning  which  increases  gradually  again  to 
a  stiich,  appearing  afterwards  in  L  toe,  from  which  it  vanishes  with  thrilling  (m*, 
while  lying  down)."* 

Acidum  carboUcfuni.t — The  following  are  to  he  substituted  for  the  corre- 
sponding scctiorvs  of  the  pathogenesis  at  p.  4: — 

L— 1«  a.  Dr.  Bacmeister,  set.  39,  nervous-sanguinc.  Feb*  7th,  1869. — At 
noon,  5  dr*  of  ist.  \n  s  J^^  while  walking  out-doors,  sense  of  freedom  and  expan* 
sion  in  lungs,  also  in  nasal  passages.     In  10  m.  smell  much  more  acute ;  noon  after 

•  In  our  expansions,  &c.,  ot  the  presentation  of  this  and  the  two  folfowing 
medicines  we  have  been  much  influenced  by  the  suggestions  made  by  Dr.  Berridgc 
and  by  the  editor  in  the  Homoeopathic  tVorUi  for  11*85.  Where  they  have  not  been 
adopted,  we  beg  our  colleagues  to  believe  that  it  has  not  been  for  want  <»f  due 
consideration, —  FiDS* 

f  It  was  upon  this  drug  that  we  first  tried  our  **  prcntice-han*  *'  at  condensing 
(see  Af,  H.  Re*v.,  April,  1883);  and  in  our  zial  we  went  ftirther  than  we  have  ever 
gone  since.  We  have  therefore  given  above  a  Ic^s  abbreviated  presentation  of  some  of 
its  provings. — Eds* 


APPENDIX.  743 

corvza,  only  in  cold  air.  In  i  h.  slight  aching  in  1.  forehead ;  in  2  h.  crampy  stitch 
in  1.  groin,  while  sitting. 

b.  On  nth,  at  2.30  p.m.,  5  dr.  of  nth.  Soon  after  slight  heat  of  face  and  fore- 
bead,  especially  1.,  with  pressure  in  1.  temple,  seemingly  on  surface  of  brain.  In  15  m. 
sense  of  fine  electric  sparks  in  1.  ala  nasi,  sternal  end  of  r.  clavicle,  middle  finger  of 
1.  hand,  and  vertex,  in  succession  during  about  x  h.  It  changed  slowly  to  a  pricking 
itching,  with  desire  to  rub,  and  relief  therefrom.  After  dinner  long-continuea  hiccup, 
and  in  e.  entire  disinclination  to  study.  Two  d.  later  soreness  and  swelling  of  1. 
cheek  internally,  opposite  molars ;  cheek  in  the  way  of  teeth  when  biting ;  aching 
pain  to  1.  of  middle  of  1.  shin-bone.  Throughout  proving  and  subsequently  motions 
more  frequent  than  usual, 

2.  a.  Dr.  HoYNE,sanguine.bilious,very  susceptible  to  drugs.  Jan.  20th,  2.40  p.m., 
took  5  dr.  of  6th.  During  next  35  m.  aching  in  r.  upper  teeth,  r.  shoulder  (when 
bending  forwards),  and  forehead  (transient) ;  drawing  in  1.  arm  from  shoulder  to  elbow 
(transient)  and  in  r.  jaw  ;  burning  in  1.  eye  (transient)  and  top  of  head  ;  tingling  or 
itching  in  little  finger  and  on  scalp,  first  r.,  then  1.,  also  on  inner  thigh  and  scrotum 
(here  temporarily  relieved  by  scratching) ;  pain  in  r.  toe  as  if  pressed  upon  \  constant 
tired  heavy  feeling  in  1.  arm ;  nasty  taste  in  mouth }  sense  of^  flatulent  distension  in 
stomach,  better  after  raising  a  sweetish-sour  fluid.  From  3.15  to  3.40  itchings  and 
pains  in  various  parts,  once  so  sharp  in  centre  of  cheek  he  thought  he  had  been  bitten. 
Head  pains  most  seveie,  worse  on  r.  side  ;  most  of  them  seem  to  affect  this  side  first 
and  then  go  to  1.  Pulse  82  ;  head  hot,  with  burning  at  top  and  r.  temple,  beating  in 
r.  side  j  eructations;  incessant  yawning;.  From  3.40  to  5.30  headache  worse,  disap- 
pears when  moving  about,  but  eructations  become  more  frequent ;  head  heavy  when 
leaning  forward.  By  5.45  all  symptoms  had  disappeared,  save  burning  pain  at  vertex  ; 
pulse  68,  rather  low.  No  appetite  for  meat.  At  7.30,  when  blowmg  nose,  mucus 
was  tinged  with  bright  red  blood.  Slept  well,  dreamine  of  travelling.  Next  m.  ex- 
pectoration of  much  thick  whitish  mucus ;  r.  shoulder  Tame  and  sore  while  walking  j 
nausea  most  of  m. ;  neuralgic  frontal  headache.  After  dinner  felt  well.  22nd. — 
Desire  for  stool  all  d.,  though  natural  action  had  occurred  in  m. ;  emission  of  large 
quantities  of  putrid  flatus. 

b.  Repeated  dose  at  5  p.m.  on  30th.  During  ist  h.,  stomach  ached  and  seemed 
full  of  wind,  which  was  often  belched  up  $  tingling  in  1.  great  toe,  followed  by  feeling 
as  if  pressed  on;  pulse,  at  first  70,  in  15  m.  rose  to  82,  whence  it  fell  to  75  (30  m.), 
and  68  (50  m.) ;  pains,  itchings,  and  yawnings  as  before ;  irritation  in  throat,  causing 
constant  hacking  cough,  1.  side  of  larynx  very  sore  when  pressed  on  ;  constant  pains 
in  head,  very  similar  to  those  of  ii.,  relieved  (7.30)  by  smoking  after  tea  ;  slight  un- 
easy  pains  in  r.  lung ;  emission  of  foetid  flatus ;  f^It  dull  and  stupid,  back  of  head 
sore,  pain  on  swallowing.  During  e.  unusually  cheerful,  but  had  rumbling  in  bowels 
as  if  diarrhoea  would  come  on.  Slept  well,  but  dreamed  of  fire,  which  woke  him, 
when  he  found  himself  feverish,  though  window  was  open  and  room  cold.  In  m. 
woke  with  hard  headache  (upper  ha^,  disappearing  after  breakfast.  Had  passed 
urine  with  unusual  frequency  in  n.,  during  d.  it  was  increased  in  quantity,  and  had 
very  strong  smell.  Occasional  chilly  sensations.  Next  d.  only  occasional  pains  in 
hips  and  shoulders.* 

c.  On  Feb.  4th,  3  p.m.,  took  5  drops  of  3rd.  In  15  m.  soreness  of  throat,  and 
very  sharp  stitches  there,  growing  worse  for  a  time,  passing  off  by  4.10,  save  when 
swallowing  and  pressing  on  upper  larynx  (worse  r.  side).  During  xst  h,  head  as 
before,  with  transient  recurring  pressive  pain  in  1.  ear;  while  writing  (3*35)  letters 
seem  to  run  together ;  pains,  itchings,  and  belchings  as  before  \  sensation  on  skin  ja^  t 
below  knee  as  if  part  was  touched  with  ice.  During  2nd  h.,  aching  across  small  of 
back  and  in  legs ;  neck  lame  and  stiff  when  moving  head  ;  intense  burning  itching  of 
genitals ;  pulse  70  at  outset,  now.  84 ;  headache  still,  worse  on  stooping.  During  3rd 
h.,  burning  pain  in  eyes,  worse  in  1.  \  pulse  86 ;  dull  aching  in  whole  1.  chest  and 
abdomen.  At  9  p.m.  beating  pain  with  humming  sound  in  both  ears.  Next  d.  only 
very  severe  aching  in  r.  hip-joint  on  walking ;  on  6th  same,  slighter,  in  1.  shoulder- 
joint.     From  7th  to  12th  small  vesicle,  ending  in  a  pustule,  on  centre  of  nose. 

In  I.  7, 1.  4  from  bottom  of  page,  after  *<  water'*  read  <*  that  n/* ;  and  at  end  add 
**  On  24th,  while  walking,  bruised  pain  in  middle  of  front  of  1.  thigh,  deep  seated,  and 
lasting  only  a  few  m.** 

*  It  was  during  this  proving  that  the  acne  disappeartd. 


iu 


APPENDIX. 


In  L  S,  ,  1,  to  "  i»  ''  add  uoic — '*  Probably  ise  dec.  attenuation  of  solution  next 
mentioned/*  L.  14,  for  **  feet "  read  **  lower  cxtpemiiies.*'  L,  16,  after  "  c./*  read — 
**  Feet  telt  bruised  whole  time/*     L.  3 1,  after  '*  hnn/*  read  "  N.  restless  and  dreainhil*'* 

In  I.  I  J,  for  "  X.  Yr  read  *'  Man,  aet.  39/* 

In  I.  13,  1.  6j  after  *•  hypochondnum/*  insert  **and  both  iliac  regions,**  L,  S, 
after  **  No,  11)'*  Insert  '*  also  some  diarrhcea/' 

After  I.  20,  insert  following  : 

*'  I  accidentally  inhaled  vapour  of  C  ac,  hut  felt  no  cifects  till  next  d, ;  then  expe- 
rienced soreness  of  air- passage*,  with  hoarseness^  which  increased  tip  to  4th  d,,  and 
remained  till  nth.  On  5th  d.  cough  came  on,  with  (later)  expectoration,  on  appear- 
ance of  which  soreness  abated.  During  3rd  n.  passed  nearly  3  quarts  of  pale  urine. 
On  4th  d.  hard  aching  pain  in  r  hip^  like  sciatica,  slowly  movmg  along  cour^  or 
nerve,  till  at  n,  rt  reached  bend  of  knee  and  ceased.  On  6th  d.  awoke  with  stitching 
pain  in  r.  neck,  which  increased  up  to  8th,  when  pain  recurred  cverj'  5  m.  for  8  h.  | 
was  nearly  gone  by  loth  d.  Appetite  was  good  all  the  time.  (T,  D.  PritchaRD, 
M.D.,  M  r.  St.  Horn.  AM.  Soc.  Tra/tsacttonJt  N.  S.,  i,  156.)*' 

After  IL  5,  insert  Following  : 

^*  A  baby  had  carbolic  oil  (i  in  lo)  applied  freely  to  sore  arm  after  vaccination. 
In  a  few  d.  ne  began  to  seem  out  of  fiorts.  The  slight  sickness  he  generally  had  after 
he  was  nursed  increased  to  quite  an  unusual  extent.  Motions  became  greenish,  and 
napkins  were  stained  of  inky  or  ^molcy  hue  at  other  times.  He  became  exceedingly 
drowsy,  and  did  not  care  for  food.  At  n.  was  feverish,  continually  groaning,  and  too 
drowsy  to  iity.  Drcv^ings  were  not  reapplied  from  this  date.  Next  m.  face  flushed, 
eyes  glazed  and  red,  brows  contracted;  breathing  quick  and  laboured;  throat  red; 
dry  cough.  After  a  hot  bath,  free  perspiration.  Breathing  same  up  to  n,^  when  it 
fell,  and  at  10  p,m.  he  was  cool  and  sleeping  quietly*  Frxjm  this  time  he  rapidly 
recov^ered,  but  greenish  colour  of  motions  persisted  ^or  a  time.  (Midgley  Cash, 
Horn,  fTorid,  Aug..  18S5O" 

Acidum  fiuorioum* — In  I.  6,  I,  4,  the  **pain  about  r.  wrist  and  finger-joinci  '* 
occurred  1  h,  instead  of  3  h.  after  dose* 

After  II.  I,  insert 

"III.  Expffimmts  on  ammab. — 1.  M.  Maumene  gave,  for  a  period  of  5  months^ 
fluoride  of  potassium  to  a  dogi  at  end  of  which  time  a  swelling  similar  to  goitre 
appeared  in  the  neck.  The  dog  then  made  Its  escape,  but  3  years  later  was  agaia 
discovered  with  a  swelling  which  appeared  to  M.  Maumcnc  to  have  all  the  characters 
of  goitre,     {Med,  Times  and  Gaz.^  May  5,  if  66*)" 

Laurocerasua, — Dr.  Peiro,  on  two  occasions,  found  tlnct,  given  fbr  bronchial 
catarrh  to  young  married  men  cause  temporary  impotence.  (Med.  Call,  Marchj 
18S30 

Acidum  lacticum*— In  I.  3,   i,   6,  after   "produced*'  add  " — also  profuse 

secretion  of  tenacious  mucus,  which  must  be  constantly  hawked  up." 

Aoidum  nitxdcmn. — After  I,  3,  insert  *'A  lady,  making  experiments  with  a 
galvanic  battery,  vs^as  exposed  tor  some  time  to  the  fumes  of  N.  ac.  At  once  she  is 
taken  w4th  a  peculiar  anguish,  runs  to  her  physician,  but,  as  he  is  not  at  home,  hires 
a  carriage  to  drive  to  the  house  where  she  experts  to  find  him*  During  her  ride  all 
the  anguish  is  gone.  Arrived  at  home,  she  feels  as  bad  as  ever  j  and  feels  herself 
thus  tbrced  to  drive  about  the  whole  d.,  till  ail  the  effects  of  the  acid  have  passed  oflF. 
(Hendricks,  Jm,  Jourtt,  of  Horn.  Mat.  Med.,  iii,  lao.)" 

Acidtun  Btilphuricuni* — The  lollowlng  are  some  of  the  cases  of  poisoning 
referred  to  in  IL  t.  b. 

1.  a.  A  shoemaker's  apprentice,  aet,  16,  swallowed  inm.  some  sulph,  ac. ;  he  was 
at  once  taken  into  hospital  and  died  collapsed  at  6  p.m.  Urine  pasi^ed  at  z  p.m.  w'a» 
of  bloody  brownish.red  colour,  turbid,  acid  reaction,  sp.  gr.  toiS,  contained  much 
albumen*  In  urine  very  few  blood*corpuscles,  but  a  large  amorphous  mass  of  ycl- 
lowish-rcd  colour.  P.M.  — Abdominal  walls  much  distended.  A  large  quantity  of 
clear  blood 'Coloured  fluid  In  both  pleural  sacs  and  pericardium.  In  heart  much  dark 
greasy  coagulated  blood,  which  had  but  few  intact  blood. corpuscles.  Ve5>ical  m,m.  pale, 
turbid  blackish.brown  urine  with  numerous  flakes.     Kidneys  showed  nothing  to  the 


APPENDIX.  745 

*cye,  were  not  examined  microscopically.  Great  swelling  of  follicles  of  root  of  tongue 
and  m.m.  of  fauces.  M.m.  of  orsophagus  rather  dry,  of  brownish  colour.  Stomach 
much  distended.  Contents  viscid  greasy  mass.  In  fundus  m.m.  quite  destroyed, 
the  muscular  coat  laid  bare.  In  pylorus  m.m.  pretty  well  preserved.  In  duodenum 
m.m.  black  coloured,  very  friable — jejunum  more  normal. 

b.  A  smith,  st.  15,  dirank  some  sulph.  ac.  about  11  a.m.  and  was  soon  after  taken 
to  hospital.  Complained  of  violent  pams  in  stomach.  Constant  retchin?  and  vomit, 
in^  of  black  bloody  masses.  When  he  swallowed  ma^esia  he  always  coughed.  He  got 
opium  and  slept  some  h.  He  had  stridor  of  respiration  increased  by  pressure  on  larynx. 
1  he  pains  increased,  collapse  came  on  and  he  died  on  the  e.  of  the  next  d.  The  urine 
soon  after  he  came  in  was  clear  yellow,  acid,  and  contained  no  albumen.  That  passed 
in  the  e.  of  the  first  d.  was  reddish  yellow,  turbid,  had  a  great  reddish  sediment,  acid, 
sp.  gr.  1 02  c,  contained  much  albumen  and  hyaline  and  granular  cylinders,  and  a  large 
quantity  of  cellular  elements  and  blood -corpuscles.  The  urine  drawn  off  at  noon  next  d. 
was  clear  yellow,  had  less  albumen.  P,M, — Bloody  serum  in  pericardium.  Blood  in 
heart  coagulated.  Nothing  ob^rvable  in  lungs.  In  buccal  cavity  and  palate  the 
epithelium  was  covered  with  a  thin  black  layer  and  was  readily  detached.  In 
fauces,  m.m.  partially  destroyed,  epiglottis  and  ligam.  aryepiglottica  much  swelled, 
brittle,  cedematous,  epithelium  readily  detached.  (Esophagus  very  contracted,  its 
m.m.  brownish,  with  here  and  there  erey  epithelial  streaks.  Larynx  contracted,  m.m. 
very  swollen,  red,  its  m.m.  on  posterior  wall  readily  detached.  In  abdominal  cavity 
some  bloody  fluid.  Intestines  much  distended  with  gas;  partly  grey,  partly  red. 
Spleen  moderately  larfi;e,  soft.  Kidneys  pale,  the  incision  shows  a  slight  yellow  colour. 
In  stomach  brownish -black  fluid,  the  like  in  duodenum  and  jejunum.  The  walls  of 
these  parts  very  hard,  the  fundus  ventriculi  soft.  The  inside  of  stomach  in  its  whole 
extent  occupied  by  broad,  high,  black  swellings,  greatest  in  big  curvature.  The 
black  colour  extends  deep  into  m.m.  Its  serous  membrane  injected.  M.m.  of 
duodenum  and  beginning  of  jejunum  very  soft,  blackish,  swollen.  Bladder  empty. 
Some  of  the  uriniferous  tubules  are  distended  and  filled  with  cellular  contents.  Some 
of  them  show  ^tty  degeneration.  The  glomeruli  are  large,  full  of  nuclei.  The 
interstices  between  the  tubules  are  abnormally  wide  and  contain  more  granules  than 
nonnal.  Fat  globules  among  the  nuclei.  (Leyden  and  Munk,  Firchonjij's  Archi'v^ 
xxii,  137.) 

3.  «.  A  servant-girl,  act.  16,  drank  on  Oct.  20th,  at  11.30  a.m.,  a  good  mouthful 
of  dilute  sulph.  ac.  (i  to  5)  on  an  empty  stomach.  Immediately  a  constant  violent 
burning  in  mouth  and  along  oesophagus  to  stomach.  On  drinking  water  she  vomited 
at  first  dark  vellow,  then  black  stuff.  Four  K.  after  swallowing  the  acid  she  was 
admitted  to  tne  hospital.  Countenance  red  and  distorted  with  pain.  Tongue-tip 
deprived  of  epithelium,  is  bright  red,  with  partial  thick  white  fur.  The  m.m.  of 
palate  and  pharynx  swollen,  very  red,  with  white  spots  and  stripes  and  some  small  flat 
ulcers.  Dysphagia,  which  is  attended  by  great  pain.  Epigastric  pains  on  pressure. 
Magnesia,  leeches  to  larynx,  and  almond  emulsions  were  emplojred.  On  13rd  the  pain 
and  difficulty  of  swallowing  had  so  much  increased  that  nothing  but  ice-cold  water 
could  be  taken,  which  was  grateful  owine  to  the  burning  thirst.  Everything  else  as 
soon  as  it  passed  the  pharynx  was  immediately  rejected.  Profuse  secretion  of  saliva 
often  mixed  with  blood.  The  inflammation  of  the  m.m.  extended  to  larynx,  which  was 
tender  to  touch.  On  the  16th  some  food  got  into  stomach,  but  was  immediately 
vomited  along  with  some  blood.  Acute  pains  came  on  in  the  region  of  the  r.  lower 
ribs.  They  came  in  paroxysms,  especially  at  n.,  and  were  excited  by  deep  inspiration. 
The  painful  points  of  Valieix  below  the  6th  and  loth  ribs  were  very  well  marked. 
These  symptoms  recurred  repeatedly  on  the  following  d.  They  declined  with  the 
amelioration  of  the  pains  in  pharynx.  Obstinate  constipation  during  the  whole  time. 
(Frerichs,  Witm.  Med.  Wochituch.y  1861,  No.  35.) 

3.  A  servant.girl,  aet.  14,  May  31st,  at  noon,  swallowed  a  mouthful  of  sulph.  ac. 
Inunediately  fainted.  On  coming  to  in  10  m.  she  vomited  black  stuff  several  times. 
Brought  to  nospital  at  1.30  p.m.  She  got  soap-water,  magnesia  and  ice  pills.  At  5  p.m. 
cheeks  red,  slightly  moist,  expression  anxious,  and  features  distorted.  From  r.  com- 
missure  of  lips  downwards  is  a  parchment-like  strip  where  the  epidermis  is  coloured 
brown,  lips  swollen  and  painful  when  touched.  All  buccal  cavity  and  tongue  covered 
with  white  layer.  Swallowing  difficult  and  very  painful,  pain  from  mouth  down  to 
itomach.    Speech  difficult,  pain  in  larynx  increased  by  speaking  and  pressure.    Much 


746 


APPENDIX. 


brownhh  mucus  ejected  from  mouth*  resp.  rapid  and  rattling^    Abdomen  distended, 
epigastrium  tense  and  painful  to  touch.     Spleen  somewhat  enlarged.     Urine  acid,  sp. 
gr.  10381  contains  a  little  albumen. — ist  June.     Vomited  once.     Every  attempt  to 
swallow  anything  resulted  in  its  regurgitation.     Got  glycerine  and  bitter  almond  emul- 
ftion.     When  the  slough  came  away  there  occurred  bloody  mucvis  and  saliva.     Difficult 
rei^piration  caused  by  ^welling  of  m.ni,  of  larynx.     Coughing  caused  great  pain  in 
larynx,  threatening  of  suffocation. — 3rd.     Paroxysmal  stitches  in  lowest  ribs  on  both 
sides,  painful  neuralgia  of  intercostal  nerves,  spreading  next  d.  to  iumbar  nerves^    Hyper. 
»sthcs»a  of  skin*  which  was  always  present  at  the  seat  of  the  neuralgia  even  when  no 
paroxysm  was  on,  extended   ftrst  to   extremities,  then  over  whole  body  and  even 
race ;  the  slightest  touch  caused  loud  complaints,  no  ease  could  be  had  in  any  posi- 
tion.    Morphia  was  injected  hypodermically ;  this  brought  refreshing  sleep.     Next 
d,  complained  of  pain  in  the  organs  touched  by  the  acid  and  of  ncrvou?*  symptoms. 
On  the  4th  d.  the  swallowing  was  improved.     Patient  could  eat  and  drink  very  little. 
At  beginning  of  ind  week  appetite  returned,  though  the  pains  in  stomach  continued. 
Patient  much  emaciated.     Food  caused  bilious  vomiting*     No  vomiting  at  end  of  3rd 
week,  but  appetite  still  worse.     M,m.  of  mouth  quite  healed,  palate  and  pharynx  still 
red  and  painful  to  touch,  hoarseness  continued.     At  beginning  of  4th  week  patient 
seemed  to  be  recovering,  but  on  md  d,  of  week  the  most  violent  pains  in  stomach  came 
on  with  copious  vomiting,  the  vomited  matter  mixed  with  coagulated  black  blood. 
This  lasted  a   d.,  and  the  Atools  also  were  coloured  black  with  blood.     When  the 
vomiting  declined  the  patient  felt  nausea  and  had  acid  eructation.     She  had  also  fir^ 
of  cardialgia  of  t  m,  duration,  and  dyspncjea  causing  anxiety.     Then  came  on  photo- 
phobia, roaring  in  ears,  vertigo,  once  syncope.     Emaciation  went  on,  the  skm  was 
dry  and  scaly,  the  face  quite  colourless,  speech  hoarse  and  hollow,  almost  incompre- 
hensible.    PuUe  thread-like,  abdomen  retracted.     The  patient  could  not  retain  any 
kind  of  food.     Nutritious  clysters  were  given,  but  did  not  seem  to  be  absorbed.     The 
urine  contained  no  chlorides,  the  stools,  which  occurred  every  2  or  3  d*,  were  large 
and  devoid  of  bile,  they  also  contained  a  little  blood.     There  was  great  tenesmus. 
After  several  attacks  of  syncope  the  patient  died  on  July  lyih,  57  d,  after  taking  the 
poison.     The  urine  on  the  9th  d.  contained  albumen  and  some  casts.     The  quantity 
of  urine  gradually  diminished,  but  its  sp.  gr.  increased  j  every  trace  of  chlorides  disap- 
peared during  the  last  days.^ — F,M.     Heart  small,  contracted,  but  little  blood  in  it ; 
muscular  structure  of  heart  pale,  partial  tatty  degeneration.     CEsophagus  somewhat 
contracted  behind  cricoid  cartilage  and  just  above  stomach,  the  m.m.  there  replaced 
by  cicatricial  tissue.     Stomach  and  intestines  very  contracted,  some  blackish  fluid  in 
stomach.     In  the  cardia  some  cicatrices,  which  extend  in  stripes  along  reddened  m.m, 
of  posterior  wall  of  stomach.     In  the  small  curvature  a  continuous  cicatrix  to  pylorus, 
which  IS  so  contracted  that  it  will  scarcely  admit  a  blade  of  the  scissors,  the  walls  of 
stomach  very  hypcrtrophicd  j  a  portion  of  the  duodenum  is  involved  in  the  cicatrix. 
The  remainder  of  duodenum  is  much  congested.     Close  to  valve  of  ileum  a  large 
Peyerian  plaque  with   swollen   follicles.     Sigmoid  flexure  congested.     Spleen   hard, 
dark  blue,  small.     In  posterior  wall  of  larvnx  cicatricial  streaks.     Kidneys  large, 
rather  congested,  its  canaliculi  contain  granules  and  fat  corpuscles.     (IHd,^  No.  36.) 

4*  A  cobbler's  apprentice,  Kt.  16,  on  June  yd^  at  5  a.m.,  drank  a  mouthful  of 
strong  sulph.  ac*  He  drank  milk  to  allay  the  pain,  and  vomited  at  first  black,  later 
bloody  stun.  He  was  brought  to  the  hospital,  and  magnesia  and  ice  pills  given,  which 
relieved  him  somewhat.  Skin  moist,  temp.  38*5'^  C,  face  red,  pulse  116,  resp.  14. 
The  pains  behind  sternum  to  stomach  are  burning,  aching,  and  cause  anxiety  j  they 
arc  much  increased  by  swallowing,  which  is  effected  with  great  difficulty  and  only  of 
fluids.  Pressure  on  and  behind  larynx  very  painful.  Epigastrium  distended  and  very 
tender.  Tongue  covered  with  greyish  fur,  portion  of  its  epithelium  detachea. 
Vomiting  ceased,  but  eructations  commenced,  and  each  time  brought  up  a  small 
quantity  of  reddish^brown  fluid. — 4th.  All  symptoms  increased,  voice  hoarse.  The 
pain  in  abdomen  severe,  extending  from  stomach  to  meso-  and  hypo.gajstrtum* 
Burning  throat,  swallowing  very  difficult,  and  fluid  swallowed  immediately  vomited 
tinged  with  blood. — 5th.  Better,  tongue  clean  and  niim,  of  mouth  free  from  sloughs^ 
but  still  red  and  swollen.  Vomiting  ceased  on  8th,  At  end  of  ist  week  voice  was 
quite  right,  swallowing  easy.  The  irritability  of  the  stomach  continued  and  in  and 
week  he  still  vomited  after  all  food.  He  had  acid  eructations  after  drinking  water, 
and  the  burning  thirst  conrinucd.     In  3rd  week  he  had  tenderness  on  pressure  over 


APPENDIX.  747 

symph.  pubis,  frequent  call  to  urinate,  and  the  urine  passed  with  cutting  pains.  The 
prostate  gland  Felt  through  rectum  was  swollen  and  very  tender.  This  went  off  in 
about  nine  d.  But  patient  emaciated  and  grew  very  weak,  the  pulse  got  small  and 
quick  (loo — ii6),  temp.  36*8°  C.  On  June  25th,  in  the  r.  lower  part  of  chest,  he 
had  paroxysms  of  violent  stitches,  especially  when  he  breathed  deeply.  Nothing 
abnormal  on  auscultation.  An  acute  pain  on  pressure  to  r.  of  4th — loth  vertebra  in  the 
axillary  aspect  of  5th — loth  intercostal  space^at  the  point  of  junction  of  the  corresponding 
ribs  to  the  cartilages.  The  skin  between  axilla  and  mamma  is  very  sensitive. 
Vomiting  recurred  after  this  to  a  great  extent,  the  vomited  stuff  was  acid  and  mixed 
with  bile.  He  became  collapsed  and  seemed  as  though  about  die,  but  he  rallied,  the 
vomiting  in  the  6th  week  became  less,  his  strength  increased.  At  end  of  6th  week 
he  got  a  great  swelling  of  1.  parotid  gland ;  in  7th  week  this  opened  and  discharged 
pus  by  the  meatus  auditorius.  During  all  his  illness  bowels  very  constipated.  The 
urine  showed  albumen  and  cylinders,  and  free  uric  acid  for  5  or  6  weeks.     (Ibid,) 

5.  A  cook,  set.  34,  who  had  been  in  hospital  for  cough,  palpitation  of  heart, 
swelling  of  legs,  and  emaciation.  On  her  dismissal,  not  quite  cured,  drank  in  despair 
on  Nov.  6th,  at  8  a.m.,  2  mouthfiils  of  sulph.  ac.  (i  strong  acid  to  4  water).  Imme- 
diately violent  pains,  burning  in  throat,  great  pain  in  stomach,  followed  soon  after  by 
vomiting  of  black  stuff.  Brought  to  hospital  at  10  a.m.;  skin  cool,  great  cyanosis 
of  face,  extremities,  fingers  and  toes,  which  felt  very  cold.  Pulse  very  small,  scarcely 
to  be  felt,  regular,  72 ;  respiration  calm  ;  temp.  34*5°  C.  She  had  violent  pains  in 
throat,  especially  on  swallowing ;  pain  in  ^tric  region.  Epigastrium  rather  tense, 
very  sensitive  to  touch  and  pressure.  Milk  is  immediately  vomited  along  with  blackish- 
brown  fluid.  The  microscope  shows  these  brown  parts  are  epithelium  and  blood 
acted  on  by  the  acid.  P.m.,  milk  and  ice,  magn.,  morph.  subcut.  In  e.,  pulse  76, 
temp.  35*6°  C,  no  vomiting  since  noon.  Violent  pain  when  swallowing,  tenderness 
of  epigastrium,  cyanosis  continues.  Urine  deposits  a  flaky  sediment  of  red  colour, 
acid  reaction,  the  sediment  consists  of  pavement  epithelia  and  many  cylinders,  granular, 
sp.  gr.  1033,  ^^  albumen  or  sugar. — 7th.  Pulse  regular,  small,  104,  temp.  35'3®, 
Skin  warmer.  Pain  on  swallowing  less,  more  pain  in  umbilical  region,  whicn  is  very 
painful  to  touch.  No  stool.  Urine  as  yesterday.  £.,  pulse  104,  fuller,  temp.  37°. 
Less  pain,  no  vomiting.  A  firm  brown  stool,  cyanosis  gone,  abdomen  moderately 
tense.  Urine  contains  many  pus-corpsucles. — 9th.  Pulse  100,  resp.  24,  temp.  38*4  . 
Slept  well,  cheeks  red,  warm  skin.  Epigastrium  more  distended  and  very  painful 
to  touch.  More  pain  when  swallowing.  Lips,  palate,  fauces,  and  tonsils  show  circum- 
scribed  white  spots.  Urine,  sp.  gr.  1026,  as  yesterday.  E.,  pulse  88,  temp.  38'5°, 
large  shreds  come  away  from  mouth,  pain  in  swallowing  great. — 9th.  Pulse  112, 
resp.  40,  temp,  37*9**,  urine  as  before.  E.,  pulse  100,  resp.  32,  temp.  39*1°.  The 
shreds  of  membrane  continue  to  come  away  from  mouth. — loth.  Urine  contains 
much  uric  acid.  E.,  pulse  112,  temp.  38*2°,  pains  less. — nth.  Little  sleep,  con- 
tinues to  eject  shreds. — 13th.  More  pains  on  swallowing.  Vomited  with  great 
retching  a  long  blackish-brown  firm  tube,  roucrh  on  outside,  smooth  internally,  the 
m.m.  and  part  of  mascular  coat  of  the  oesophagus  34  centimetres  long.  Patient 
went  on  apparently  improving. — Dec.  2nd.  I'hroat  uneasy,  something  seems  always 
to  rise  up  in  it,  vomiting  tor  the  last  few  d.  repeatedly.  Swallowing  became  so 
difficult  tnat  on  Dec.  4th  she  could  not  swallow  at  all. — T3th.  Can  swallow  liquid 
food  without  difficulty*  Emaciation  increasing.  She  gradually*  wasted  away  and 
died  on  Jan.  5th. — P.Af.  Stomach  attached  by  fibrinous  bands  to  pancreas.  Its 
walls  are  moderately  thickened  and  its  size  is  small.  The  small  curvature  is  so  con- 
tracted it  will  only  admit  the  little  finger,  pylorus  very  contracted,  will  only  allow  a 
crowquill  to  pass.  Internal  surface  covered  with  coat  of  pus,  pale  red-white  cicatri- 
cial streaks  with  intervening  pale  tissues.  No  m.m.  apparent.  Fundus  of  the  size 
of  a  thimble,  smooth  intemsuly,  partly  strongly  injected.  Corresponding  to  pylorus, 
the  outside  of  stomach  is  fast  attached  to  liver  and  omentum.  (Esophagus  very  much 
contracted,  its  walls  very  thin,  cicatrised.  [The  report  of  the  F,M,  is  very  long,  but 
the  above  are  the  principal  things  observed.]     (Wyss,  JrcA.  d,  Hiilk,^  x,  1869.) 

Aoonitum. — After  II.  10,  insert  following: 

"  A  child  of  10  swallowed  some  of  contents  of  a  phial  of  horn,  tinct.  She  soon 
began  to  show  symptoms  of  illness,  which  rapidly  increased  till  Dr.  Baxter  saw  her 
about  6  p.m.     He  found  her  sitting,  with  most  anxious  expression  of  countenance,  face 


748 


APPENDIX. 


flushed,  s>k.in  hot  and  dr)^,  pulse  140.  She  complained  of  heat  and  soreness  in  throAti 
heat  and  considerable  pain  in  stomach.  There  wa*  also  what  seemed  an  almost  con- 
stant  spasmodic  action  of  diaphragm  and  stomach,  which  was  very  distressing*  It 
was  a  most  peculiar  sj-mptom — hiccup  and  apparently  an  attempt  to  vomit  at  lame 
lime.  On  fieing  asked,  she  said  she  felt  only  fclight  nausea.  Cider  vinegar  was 
administered,  with  rapid  improvement ;  spa&m  ceased  after  i  h.|  in  4  h.  pulse  was  too^ 
5.ktn  moi^t,  face  flushed,  some  thirst.  She  was  somewhat  restless  and  feverish  during 
n.,  but  in  m.  declared  herself  well  as  usual,  only  a  little  weak.  ((/.  SL  Mid.  Ifn/^t 
June,  1880.)" 

AconitinuiD. — To  introductory  statement  add — [Experiments  recently  made  by 
Bohm  •^how  that  the  **  pseudaconitini"  from  A.  ferox,  is  when  applied  locally  of  con- 
siderable anaesthetic  power,  dimini'*hing  capacity  of  recognising  differences  of  tempe- 
rature and  separation  of  points  of  contact,     Slc  Brit.  Journ,  oj  Horn.,  xli,  185,] 

Allium  Gepa. — The  following  symptoms  have  been  (by  an  accident  of  unic^ue 
occurrence)  omitted,  and  ^should  be  supplied  in  their  respective  places  % 

I.—  t.  a.^  After  1  m,,  throbbing  behind  r.  ear  j  after  5  m.  burning  in  r.  upper  lid 
externally^  and  throbbing  in  1  last  molars  ;  after  5 — 6  m.,  squeezing  pain  in  throat 
anteriorly  in  region  of  os  hyoides  aft.  7  m.,  posteriorly  and  inferiorly,  r»;  after  15 
m.,  nausea  j  after  50  m.,  nausea  coming  up  in  back  of  throat ;  after  50  m,,  noisy  dis- 
charge of  fottid  flatus ;  after  70  m,  pain  in  1.  side  of  vertex;  after  i  h.>  pain  in  I. 
ankle 'joint  ^  confusion  in  occiput^  £rst  on  both  sides  and  towards  upper  part,  pn»sing 
sideways,  then  behind  cars  in  whole  occiput  {sic). 

I. — 1.  b.  I  St  d.,  frequent  difficult  emission  of  inodorous  flatus,  e.  j  violent  throb- 
bing pain  in  1.  big  toe,  in  knuckle  of  metatarsal  joint,  e.  8th,  9th,  loth  d.,  on  waking, 
m,,  erection  with  painful  tcnftion,  without  sexual  desire.  No  time  mentioned  : 
Flickering  and  dazzling  before  eyes,  everything  danced  before  him,  head  ftill  and 
heavy  as  if  bound  up,  whole  head  became  hot  and  h:lt  swollen  and  heavy  tn  vertex, 
with  great  weariness  so  that  she  must  lie  down  (after  cutting  onions).  Burning  taste 
mostly  in  palate.  Horrible  sickne:ijs  tn  stomach  with  very  little  eructation  which 
relieved.  Headache  on  both  sides  of  occiput,  later  only  on  r.,  later  only  on  a  large 
round  spots  in  **  love  of  approbation /"*  still  later  a  general  and  humming  numb 
feeling.     Heat  and  heaviness  in  head  from  forenoon  till  e,  (after  eating  onions). 

I, — 3.  b.  Dull  feeling  in  head,  gradually  increasing  to  headache,  extending  from 
forehead  to  vertex  ;  frequent  painless  discharge  of  flatuii. 

I. — 3*  c.  "  Feeling  in  head  as  if  there  were  not  room  enough,  and  as  if  everything 
would  come  out  at  forehead." 

1. — 4.  ind  d.,  drawing  pains  in  l.side  of  throat,  better  in  cold  air.  3rd  d.,  tongue 
covered  with  dirty  ftir,  especially  behind,  m* ;  dry  red  hands,  as  though  he  had  been 
in  the  cold, 

1. — S'  ^^^^  ^''j  jprcssivc  pain  in  occiput,  with  numb  feeling  in  elbow.joint. 

I.— 6.  Agreeable  warm  feeling  in  urethra  5  urine  frothy  but  clear. 

I. — 9.t  Heat  down  oesophagus  to  stomach  ;  feeling  of^diarrhcea,  soft  stoul 

L — 10.  ind  d.j  pain  in  I.  iliac  region. 

AntimoniunL— III.  3,  1.  6,  for  **  Mosley  "  read  <•  Mosler.'* 

Apis.— In  I.  3  J.  I,  for  **  18th  **  read  *<  10th." 

In  IL  17,  I  5.  for  **  1878  ^'  read  "  1868/' 

Mr,  Langstroth  (see  I.  4)  reports  that  in  1874*  hy  which  time  he  had  become 
impervious  to  the  sting,  he  sold  all  his  bees.  Next  year,  he  extracted  some  stmgs  for 
a  friend  who  wished  to  hare  the  poison.  That  n.,  a  moaning  in  sleep  (which  used  to 
come  on  at  beginning  of  each  year's  work  among  his  bees)  recurred  severely ;  and 
therewith  was  intense  drjness  of  tongue  and  tauces;  sense  as  of  heartburn;  smarting 
of  eyes  ;  heavy  drooping  sensation  in  lids ;  breaking  out  of  fiery  spots  over  varioiin 
parts  of  body ;  disposition  to  almost  tear  flesh  of  checks  j  dreaming  of  most  excited 


*  In  1.  4,  for  "increased"  read  **  inwards;"  in  i,  A,,  I  3,  for  *•  aching'^  read 
Etching,"  in  I.  13,  for  "embarrassed  "  read  *«numb/* 
t  In  L  5,  for  »*  about  '*  read  "  above.*' 


APPENDIX.  749 

kind,  full  of  violent  motion.  Some  of  these  symptoms  recurred  subseauently  at  every 
contact  with  bee-poison,  even  on  receiving  letters  from  those  who  handled  bees,  until 
he  began  to  keep  them  again,  when  his  former  comparative  invulnerability  returned 
(Horn.  HTorld,  Jan.,  1886.) 

Apocgmum.— 8.  a.  For  "  Marshall,"  read  "  Wanstall/' 

Aranea  difl^**")'*^ — I.  3.  The  following  symptoms  have  been  obtained  from  a 
proving  on  a  healthy  woman  : — In  ring  and  little  fingers  of  both  hands  feeling  as  if 
they  had  gone  to  sleep  and  of  formication  ;  periods  8  d.  too  early,  too  strong  and  too 
copious ;  at  n.,  immediately  after  lying  down,  sudden  violent  pains  in  teeth  of  whole 
upper  and  lower  jaw.     (v.  Grauvogl,  Text-book  qfHom,,  ii,  355.) 

Argentom  nitricum.— I.  7, 1.  i,  for  "  Schacbcrt  '*  read  "  Schachert." 

Amioa. — On  p.  391, 1.  6,  for  "  April "  read  "  August.*' 

Belladonna.-— I.  a,  I.  1,  for  "  13  "  read  «*  14.'*  I.  16,  1.  5,  for  "ten"  read 
"two." 

Barium.  —On  p.  514,  the  bottom  line  should  have  been  the  top  one. 

Caotos. — We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Rubini  for  a  copy  of  his  original  pamphlet  on 
this  drug,  annotated  by  himself,  so  as  to  denote  the  symptoms  observed  on  himself 
and  Mad.  Rubini  respectively  (both  of  whom,  he  tells  us,  took  10  drops  of  the  mother 
tincture  daily).  We  received  this  too  late  to  be  utilised  in  forming  the  pathogenesis 
in  the  body  of  our  work ;  but  are  glad  to  present  our  readers  with  the  following 
reconstruction  of  Dr.  Rubini's  part  of  it : 

I. — 1.  a.  Dr.  Rubini.    On  ist  d.,  great  heat  of  head  and  inflamed  face,  as  if  he 
had  stood  before  a  strong  fire,  also  excessive  pain  in  bead,  with  maddening  and 
suffocating  feeling*  "o  that  he  cannot  rest  in  bed,  temples  throbbing  so  violently  that 
it  seem^  as  if  skull  would  burst  $  momentary  dazzling  of  sight ;  noise  in  ears,  dimi- 
nishing hearing  during  d.,  like  rushing  of  river  al]   n.  •    during  n.  dry  cough 
from  itching  in  larynx ;  great  thirst,  causing  him  to  drink  much  water ;  great  desire 
to  pass  water,  but  can  pass  none  for  a  long  time,  at  last  it  flows  abundantly ;  after  a 
very  short  rigor  at  1  p.m.,  slight  fever  with  pain  in  head,  terminating  with  slight 
sweat  at  4  pjn.;  slight  rigor  at  10,  great  coldness  for  i  h.  at  n.     On  2nd  d.,  feeling 
of  emptiness  in  head ;  again  pulsating  pain  in  temples,  getting  intolerable.     On  3rd 
d.,  m.,  foetid  breath  ;  insupportable  heat  in  abdomen,  as  though  something  burnt  him 
internally,  abdominal  walls  when  touched  with  hand  feel  burning  and  much  hotter 
than  other  parts  of  body ;  bilious  diarrhoea,  present  also  on  previous  d.,  with  abdo- 
minal pains,  8  stools  in  d. ;  sanguineous  congestion  in  chest,  preventing  him  lying 
down  in  bed.     On  4th  d.,  very  great  and  intolerable  pain  in  head,  from  congestion 
there  ;  acrid  acid  in  stomach,  which  comes  up  into  the  throat  and  mouth  and  makes 
everything  he  eats  taste  sour.     On  6th  d.,  dazzling  of  vision,  after  which  there 
appear  before  eves  circles  of  red  light,  obscuring  sight ;  constriction  in  oesophagus, 
preventing  swallowing,  he  must  drink  a  large  quantity  of  water  to  get  it  down  into 
stomach ;  slight  delirium  at  n.,  ceasing  on  rousing  up,  but  recommencing  as  soon  as 
be  falls  asleep  again.     On  8th  d.,  constriction  in  throat,  obliging  him  to  swallow 
saliva  frequently.     On  9th  d.,  watery  diarrhoea,  very  abundant  each  time,  10  motions 
in  m.,  always  preceded  by  pains  and  borborygmus.     On  loth  d.  talked  nonsense 
while  asleep  at  n.,  even  when  aroused  speaking  unconnectedly ;  feeling  of  constriction 
in  throat  which  prevents  free  speech,  and  on  forcing  himself  to  speak  voice  is  low  and 
hoarse ;  constriction  of  neck  of  bladder,  preventing  passage  of  urine  till  after  much 
straining.     On  nth  d.,  vertigo  from  sangiiineous  congestion  to  head.     On  nth  d., 
face  inflamed  and  red,  with  pulsating  pains  in  head ;  mucous  diarrhoea  preceded  by 
drawing  pains,  3  stools  in  d.     On  1 5th  d.,  extraordinary  irritability,  smallest  contrariety 
putting  him  into  a  passion ;  sensation  of  great  weight  in  anus  and  desire  to  evacuate, 
but  m^ing  passes.     On  loth  n.,  interrupted  sleep,  feels  weary  next  m.  as  if  he  had 
not  slept  at  all ;  great  appetite,  but  weak  and  slow  digestion  ;  great  itching  in  ankles, 
which  next  d.  extends  to  lower  part  of  tibia.    On  24th  d.  a  dry  sca^  patch,  » 
inches  broad,  appeared  on  1.  interna]  malleolus,  and  on  38th  d.  came  on  r.,  while 'on 
30th  and  48th  d.  respectively  similar  patches  appeared  on  r.  and  1.  elbow  (outer 
side). 


750 


APPENDIX. 


Besides  thc^c  symotoms,  prover  statefs  that  for  first  5  d.  lit  had  great  burning  in 
stomach  ;  for  first  6  a,  discolonition  of  fecc  and  emaciation;  for  first  4  d,  weakness 
of  Mght,  objects  appearing  as  if  clouded  j  tor  ist  ii  d*  pain  m  L  mamma  increased  by 
touching  and  relieved  by  gently  lifting  it;  for  first  10  d»  sensation  of  very  annoving 
movement  from  before  backwards  in  cardiac  region,  as  if  a  reptile  waji  moving  abfjut 
inside^  v%'orse  d,  than  n, ;  for  first  15  d.  sharp  wandering  pains  m  thoracic  cavity,  very 
annoying,  especially  in  scapular  region,  anxiety  recurring  in  c.j  and  transient  sven^- 
tion  of  weight  in  stomach  every  tune  drug  h  taken ;  for  first  t+  d.  lo«v  of  appetite 
and  nau^a;  it  is  only  by  an  eflfort  he  can  swallow  a  few  mouthfuU.  After  3  d,  pul- 
lating  pain  in  temples  and  eani  ^eKpecially  r  side)  became  continuous  and  very  sevcrct 
and  lasted  8  d.,  with  feeiing  of  weight ;  pulsations  so  severe  ai  to  lift  head  from 
pillow,  giving  much  annoyance  and  causing  depression;  pain  making  him  cry  out» 
mcrcased  by  sound  of  talking  and  by  strong  light.  For  10  d.  tensive  pain  in  vertex 
also,  recurring  ever)^  and  d.  Another  marked  symptom  for  15  d.  was  constriction  ol 
chest,  described  as  if  hoop  of  iron  constricted  it,  or  a  cord  were  tightly  tied  round  it 
(at  false  ribs) ;  this  caused  oppression  of  breathing,  aggravated  by  movement ;  heart 
also  felt  constricted,  a&  if  an  iron  hand  prevented  its  movements;  on  loth  d,  same 
sensation  in  throat;  on  jrd  d.  sense  as  if  someone  were  pressing  and  holding  chest 
tightly,  so  that  he  cried  out,  **  Leave  me  alone  T";  on  5th  d.  constriction  felt  in 
shouldersj  so  that  he  could  not  move. 

Without  note  of  time,  he  Is  said  to  have  experienced  sensation  ot  gr^at  weight  in 
T.  temple  and  eyebrow,  diminished  by  pressure ;  dimness  of  sight,  periodically  recur- 
ring, so  that  at  a  few  paces  he  cannot  recognise  even  his  friends ;  very  slow  digestion, 
even  after  8  or  10  h,  taste  of  food  rises  up  in  throat,  all  food  cau«es  weight  in 
Ktomach,  and  so  much  suffering  that  he  prefers  to  remain  without  eating;  constipa- 
tion as  from  hiemorrhoidal  congestion,  swollen  varice«^  outside  anus  causing  much 
pain,  at  anus  itching,  smarting  and  pricking  a*  with  sharp  pins  (ceasing  on  nibbing)  j 
formication  and  weight  in  arms,  which  cannot  be  raised  freely, — 1»  worst;  ccdema  of 
hands  (specially  L),  and  of  feet  and  legs  to  knees,  pitting  on  pressor*;^  He  cannot 
rest  still  when  sitting:^  but  must  throw  his  legs  about  hither  and  thither  involuntarily; 
depression  and  languor  all  d. ;  general  malaise,  and  such  weakness  is  to  be  unable  to 
rise  from  scat ;  great  prostration  of  forces,  so  that  he  must  remain  in  bed,  not  feeling 
able  to  use  his  legs. 

b.  Mad.  RuBJNi.  Was  sleepless  1st  n.,  without  apparent  cause,  for  1  following 
n.  from  pulsadon  in  scrobiculus  cordis  and  ears  j  for  5  d,  tnore  could  not  sleep  in 
earlv  part  of  n.,  and  when  she  fell  asleep  she  awoke  suddenly.  An  unwonted  melan- 
choly,  with  great  taciturnity  and  irresistible  inclination  to  weep,  alfectcd  her  for  fir*t 
6  d.\  on  7th  became  fear  of  death,  thinking  she  had  some  incurable  disease  j  on  9th 
took  form  of  love  of  solitude,  avoiding  those  about  her  who  tried  to  comfort  her*  On 
and  d,,  heavy  dull  pains  in  region  of  heart,  increased  on  prcsiure  ;  on  4th  d.,  acute  pain 
there,  impeding  respiration  and  motion  of  body,  continuing  4  d.  more,  with  such 
painftil  stitches  as  to  cause  her  to  weep  and  cry  out  loudly ;  all  this  time  constant 
oppre.ssion  and  anxietas,  as  if  chest  were  constricted  with  an  iron  hoop,  and  could  not 
expand  in  normal  respiration,  with  periodical  attacks  of  suffocation  and  faintness,  cold 
sweat  on  face  and  absence  of  pulse, — also  constant  great  palpitation  d.  and  n„  worst 
when  walking  and  lying  on  L  side,  increased  also  on  recurrence  of  catamenia.  Sensa- 
tion of  great  weight  on  stomach  for  first  8  d. ;  loss  of  appetite  on  and  and  3rd  d*  On 
4th  d,,  distressing  sensation  in  bowels  as  if  serpent  was  twisring  about  there  j  on  jlh 
d,,  wandering  pains  about  umbilicus,  ceasing  and  recurring  periodically;  on  7th  d., 
very  violent  pains  there,  almost  causing  her  to  faint,  more  or  les$  all  d.  Constipation 
first  6  d,,  on  7th  diarrhoea  of  very  loo^e  fseces,  preceded  by  great  pain,  %  motions  ftom 
6  to  la  a.m.,  none  later.  On  fir^t  4  d.  urine  more  copious  than  usual;  on  )st  n* 
involuntary  escape,  and  for  s  n.  more  frequent  desire^  with  large  flow ;  on  4th  d,, 
urine  passed  by  drops  with  much  heat,  which  next  d.  increases  gradually  and  becomes 
insupportable.  After  8  d.  very  painftil  menstruation  accompanied  by  great  prostra- 
tion of  strength,  so  that  she  must  remain  in  bed  3  d.  On  ist  d.,  general  rigor,  so 
severe  as  to  maJte  teeth  chatter,  lasdng  3  h,  though  she  heaps  blankets  over  her;  suc- 
ceeded by  burning  tor  ao  h,,  with  suffocation,  pain  in  head^  and  restlessnesj  so  that 
she  cannot  remain  auiet  in  bed ;  copious  *weat  follovvs.  After  13  d,  quotidian  inter- 
mittent fever  periodically  for  many  d  ,  beginning  with  slight  rigor  at  1  p.m.,  then 
burning  heat  and  dyspnoea,  and  (in  e.)  ^reat  pulsating  pains  in  uterus  and  it*  nciffh- 


APPENDIX. 


75» 


bourhood,  extending  to  thighs,  increasing  up  to  1 1  p.m.9  when  all  terminates  with  a 
slight  sweaty  and  she  is  free  till  i  next  d. 

Without  date, — heavy  pain  in  head  as  if  great  weight  lay  on  vertex,  with  J?reat 
prostration  and  weariness,  pain  diminished  by  pressure,  increased  by  sound  of  talking 
or  any  other  noise ;  heavy  pain  in  forehead  lasting  d.  and  n.  for  %  successive  d., 
increased  by  strone  light  and  by  sound  of  loud  voices  or  noises;  pain  and  drawing  in 
occiput,  increasecT  by  sioving  head,  relieved  by  bending  head  backwards ;  painful 
drawings  in  muscles  of  I.  chest,  which  extend  to  shoulder-joint  and  impede  respiration 
and  free  motion  of  arm  ;  nervous  palpitation  of  heart,  much  augmented  on  occurrence 
of  cataipenia ;  constant  and  annoving  pulsation  in  coeliac  artery ;  heavy  feeling  in 
stomach  ;  insupportable  irritation  m  urethra  as  if  she  should  make  water  constantly; 
urine  reddish,  turbid,  verv  abundant,  on  cooling  depositing  red  sand ;  painful  con- 
striction in  groins  extendmg  round  pelvis ;  general  weakness,  so  that  she  cares  not  to 
do  anything,  speak,  stand,  or  walk  across  room.* 

*  The  symptoms  without  note  of  time  were  omitted  in  our  former  presentation  ot 
the  drug,  as  we  had  no  assurance  that  they  were  not  clinical  only  (which  40  sym- 
ptoms in  the  list  obviously  and  avowedly  are).— Eds. 


INDEX. 


PAGB 

Abies  nigra  i 

Absinthium *.  473 

Aeidum  aceticum ,       % 

—  bcnzoicum  ,,,,♦♦..,       3 

—  boracicum   585 

—  carbolicum 4,  741 

—  Buoricum    ...,*,.,*     16 

—  gallicum  ,.., %q 

—  hydrobromicum  ,.♦   60 j 

—  hyiirocyanicum  ...     %i 

—  Jacticura 36 

—  muriatlcum.........      38 

—  nitricuin  39 

—  nltro^muriaticum       44 

—  oxalictim , 45 

—  phosphoricum......     59 

—  picricum 61 

-^  sulpburicum,,.   70,  744 

—  tartaricum   71 

Aconitum  napellus  ,».     7a 

—  anthora    ,. 103 

—  cammamin 103 

—  neoxnontanum 104 

—  ferox    105 

Aconitinum  , 117 

i£scu}us  glabra    130 

—  Hippocastanum  .,.  130 

j^thusa, ,..,....,,   136 

Agaricus  muscariu^  ...   138 

Agnus  castus    loi 

Ailanthus 204 

Aletrii no 

Allium  Cepa 213 

— -  sativum .,,,   116 

Aloe , 116 

Alumen.,.. %$% 

Alumina ...  136 

Ambra  grisea    ,.....,..  136 
Ammoniacum  .........  236 

Ammonia..,., 146 

Ammonium  bromatum  603 
* —  carbonicum ,.,.  241 


PACE 

Ammonium  murlaticiim 

150 

Amygdala  amara 30 

Amylmtrosum. 455 

Anacardium  ............  163 

Angustura    167 

Anthcmis  nobilt*  ......  269 

Antimonium  crudum     277 

—  oxvdatum 275 

-^  sulphuratum    270 

—  tarcaricum  .,.....,.  278 

Apis ....,,   310 

Apocynum     androsse- 

mifolium 322 

—  cannabinum    ,...,.  323 
Aranearum  tela    ......  330 

Aranea  diadema 330 

—  scincncia ,.,....,..,.  331 

Aralia  ....,,,.... 339 

Argcntum  metallicum  340 

—  mufiaticum 347 

—  nitricum 350 

Arnica 379 

Anenicum  album  396^  419 

^  hydrogenisatum ...  466 

—  iodatum.... .....416,431 

—  metallicum 418 

Artemisia  Abrotanum  471 

—  Ab&inthium    ,,...,  473 
Arum  dracunculus    ...  475 

—  maculatum 478 

—  triphyllum 478 

A&afcrtida 479 

Asanim,,.,.,,..* 490 

Asclepias  syriaca ..«.,,  490 

—  rubero«a ,  491 

Asparagtis    ,  492 

Asteria$     .,,.,  494 

Atropinum    546 

J  Aunim  metallicum  496, 508 
I —  muriaticum 497*3, 


PAGE 

Aurum  mur.  natronatum 

501,510 
^^  sulphuratum    ......  498 

Baptisia... , 511 

Baryta  acetica  519 

—  carbonica 520 

—  muriatica  ......519,510 

Belladonna 526 

Bellis 571 

Berbcris  aqui folium...  573 

—  vulgaris  ...,..,,,..,  575 

Bismutnum 579 

Borax    „.. 584 

Borates ,,. 585 

Bovisca... „..•,..•  587 

Bromine   ,„,n„. ,»....   589 

Bromal »...„»***»*,  602 

Bromofonn  ,,,, ,..  603 

Bryonia $19 

Cactus ,..,...,.  655 

Cadmium 66j 

Caladium 662 

Calcarea  carbonica   ...   664 
~-'  caustica  ............  $68 

—  iodata *,.,»..  675 

—  muriatica    67$ 

—  phospborica    676 

Calotropis.,,..,. 683 

Camphora .,,...  684 

Cannabis  indica   ,,,,..  711 

^-  *ativa 705 

Kati  arsenlcosum 

43l-»»  444-« 

—  bromatum  .........  fio6 

—  cyanatum    ., »  31-5 

Laurocerasus a6,  34 

Muscannum .,,.,,  199 

i^^yg^e 333 

Natrum  arsen.  ...  4O0«  451 

—  bromatum 6»% 

Tarentula. 333 

Thcridion 338 


PBnrTEP  BT  J.  B.  AI>LABD,  BABTHOtOMBW  CtJOA% 


l.ANK  MKDICAL  LIBRARY 


To  a\ui<l  tiiif,  this  hrmk  slmuld  hv  returned  <»ri 
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